id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
17,076 | San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego. Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include Nokia, LG Electronics, Kyocera International., Cricket Commun... | [
{
"answer": "for collaboration potentially between wireless and life sciences",
"question": "Why is San Diego known as an iHub Innovation Center?"
},
{
"answer": "Websense Inc",
"question": "What is San Diego's largest software company?"
},
{
"answer": "Cricket Communications",
"ques... |
17,077 | The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth. In 2013, San Diego has the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in ... | [
{
"answer": "University of California",
"question": "What institution has contributed to the growth of fuel biotechnology?"
},
{
"answer": "Boston",
"question": "What city does San Diego come in second to in the biotech industry?"
},
{
"answer": "140",
"question": "How many contract ... |
17,078 | Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD... | [
{
"answer": "Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD)",
"question": "What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot?"
},
{
"answer": "Columbia district downtown",
"question": "In what district can historic ship exhibits be found?"
},
{
"answer": "Balboa Park",
"question": "Where ... |
17,079 | The San Diego Symphony at Symphony Towers performs on a regular basis and is directed by Jahja Ling. The San Diego Opera at Civic Center Plaza, directed by Ian Campbell, was ranked by Opera America as one of the top 10 opera companies in the United States. Old Globe Theatre at Balboa Park produces about 15 plays and mu... | [
{
"answer": "Jahja Ling",
"question": "Who is the director of the San Diego Symphony? "
},
{
"answer": "La Jolla Playhouse at UCSD",
"question": "Where can one enjoy a performance directed by Christopher Ashley?"
},
{
"answer": "one of the top 10 opera companies in the United States",
... |
17,080 | The San Diego Surf of the American Basketball Association is located in the city. The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament (formerly the Buick Invitational) on the PGA Tour occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course. This course was also the site of the 2008 U.S. Open Golf Championship. The San Diego Yacht Club hosted... | [
{
"answer": "Farmers Insurance Open",
"question": "What tournament used to be known as the Buick Invitational?"
},
{
"answer": "three times",
"question": "How many times were the America's Cup yacht races hosted by the San Diego Yacht Club from 1988 to 1955?"
},
{
"answer": "Over-the-lin... |
17,081 | The city is governed by a mayor and a 9-member city council. In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government. The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the le... | [
{
"answer": "one",
"question": "How many employees are there in San Diego for every 137 residents?"
},
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?"
},
{
"answer": "Secure Communities program",
"question": "Despite being a sa... |
17,082 | The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basi... | [
{
"answer": "voters of the entire city",
"question": "Who votes in the city's attorney and mayor?"
},
{
"answer": "four-year terms,",
"question": "How long is the term for council members?"
},
{
"answer": "Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6",
"question": "Were there mo... |
17,083 | In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange... | [
{
"answer": "Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet",
"question": "What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2005?"
},
{
"answer": "no touch",
"question": "What strip club-related law were the council members trying to repeal?"
},
{
"answer": "2009",
"qu... |
17,084 | In July 2013, three former supporters of Mayor Bob Filner asked him to resign because of allegations of repeated sexual harassment. Over the ensuing six weeks, 18 women came forward to publicly claim that Filner had sexually harassed them, and multiple individuals and groups called for him to resign. On August 19 Filne... | [
{
"answer": "allegations of repeated sexual harassment",
"question": "Why was Mayor Bob Filner asked to resign?"
},
{
"answer": "18",
"question": "How many women claimed to be sexually harassed by Filner?"
},
{
"answer": "house arrest and probation",
"question": "What was Filner's se... |
17,085 | San Diego was ranked as the 20th-safest city in America in 2013 by Business Insider. According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010. Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. Crime in San Diego increased in ... | [
{
"answer": "San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000",
"question": "What happened to the crime rate in San Diego between 1990 and 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "20th-safest city in America",
"question": "What did Business Insider call San Diego in 2013?"
},
{
"answer": "ninth",
... |
17,087 | Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power televisi... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many duopolies does the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have?"
},
{
"answer": "XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV",
"question": "What two stations are owned by Azteca?"
},
{
"answer": "Entravision Communications",
"question": "What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHA... |
17,089 | With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; ... | [
{
"answer": "Interstate 8",
"question": "What major interstate runs from Tijuana to Los Angeles?"
},
{
"answer": "near the Mexican border",
"question": "Where does Interstate 805 split from I-5?"
},
{
"answer": "Interstate 8",
"question": "Which interstate directly connects the east ... |
17,090 | Major state highways include SR 94, which connects downtown with I-805, I-15 and East County; SR 163, which connects downtown with the northeast part of the city, intersects I-805 and merges with I-15 at Miramar; SR 52, which connects La Jolla with East County through Santee and SR 125; SR 56, which connects I-5 with I... | [
{
"answer": "SR 94",
"question": "What highway connects the I-805 with the downtown area?"
},
{
"answer": "at Miramar",
"question": "Where does SR 94 merge with I-15?"
},
{
"answer": "San Diego Bay",
"question": "Where does SR 75 flow primarily through?"
}
] |
17,091 | San Diego's roadway system provides an extensive network of routes for travel by bicycle. The dry and mild climate of San Diego makes cycling a convenient and pleasant year-round option. At the same time, the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain and significantly long average trip distances—brought about by strict low-den... | [
{
"answer": "2006",
"question": "In what year was San Diego rated as the country's best densely populated city for cycling?"
},
{
"answer": "the grid street patterns",
"question": "Why are older neighborhoods in San Diego popular with cyclists?"
},
{
"answer": "dry and mild climate",
... |
17,092 | San Diego is served by the San Diego Trolley light rail system, by the SDMTS bus system, and by Coaster and Amtrak Pacific Surfliner commuter rail; northern San Diego county is also served by the Sprinter light rail line. The Trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, Mission Valley, east coun... | [
{
"answer": "downtown and surrounding urban communities",
"question": "What areas of San Diego are primarily served by the trolley?"
},
{
"answer": "A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley",
"question": "What public transportation is in the works to be completed by 2018?"
},
{
"answ... |
17,093 | The city's primary commercial airport is the San Diego International Airport (SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field. It is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States. It served over 17 million passengers in 2005, and is dealing with an increasingly larger number every year. It is located on San Diego Bay thre... | [
{
"answer": "San Diego International Airport (SAN)",
"question": "What is the more popular name of Lindbergh Field?"
},
{
"answer": "17 million",
"question": "How many passengers did San Diego Internatonal Airport serve in 2005?"
},
{
"answer": "give direct access to Tijuana Internationa... |
17,094 | Numerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and... | [
{
"answer": "The Merge",
"question": "What is the name given to the highly congested spot where Interstates 5 and 805 meet?"
},
{
"answer": "The South Bay Expressway",
"question": "What tollway connects Otay Mesa with SR 54?"
},
{
"answer": "Terminal 2",
"question": "Which terminal w... |
17,095 | The term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة, meaning "nation" or "community") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah refers to Islamic civilizat... | [
{
"answer": "Muslim world",
"question": "Islamic World is another way to refer to what?"
},
{
"answer": "those who adhere to the teachings of Islam",
"question": "When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to?"
},
{
"answer": "Islamic civilization",
"question": "When speaking a... |
17,097 | Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating... | [
{
"answer": "glazed ceramics",
"question": "What type of ceramic art was popular from the 8th to the 18th century in the art of Islam?"
},
{
"answer": "Tin-opacified glazing",
"question": "Which ceramic glazing was developed by those potters which were Islamic?"
},
{
"answer": "Basra",
... |
17,098 | The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and lat... | [
{
"answer": "One Thousand and One Nights",
"question": "What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world?"
},
{
"answer": "Hezār Afsān (Thousand Fables)",
"question": "Arabian nights was originally based upon what Persian work?"
},
{
"answer": "14th century",
"ques... |
17,099 | A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdo... | [
{
"answer": "Arabic poetry and Persian poetry",
"question": "Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?"
},
{
"answer": "Umayyad era",
"question": "Which era is Layla and Majnun from?"
},
{
"answer": "7th century",
"question": "In what century does Layla and Majnun origin... |
17,100 | Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tuf... | [
{
"answer": "Abubacer",
"question": "What is another name for Ibn Tufail?"
},
{
"answer": "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)",
"question": "What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?"
},
{
"answer": "Ibn al-Nafis",
"question": "Who wrote Theologus Autodidactus?"
},... |
17,101 | Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatura... | [
{
"answer": "1213–1288",
"question": "What was the life span of Ibn al-Nafis?"
},
{
"answer": "science fiction",
"question": "What type of book is Theologus Autodidactus the first type of?"
},
{
"answer": "scientific knowledge",
"question": "What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the e... |
17,102 | A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, re... | [
{
"answer": "1671",
"question": "Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be?"
},
{
"answer": "Daniel Defoe",
"question": "Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?"
},
{
"answer": "Edward Pococke the Younger",
"question": "Who first translated Philosophus Autodidac... |
17,103 | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. T... | [
{
"answer": "in 1264 or shortly before",
"question": "In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin?"
},
{
"answer": "Dante Alighieri",
"question": "Who wrote the Divine Comedy?"
},
{
"answer": "Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello",
"question": "Which work... |
17,104 | One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) ... | [
{
"answer": "980–1037",
"question": "What was the life span of Ibn Sina?"
},
{
"answer": "450",
"question": "How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?"
},
{
"answer": "philosophy and medicine",
"question": "What subjects did Ibn Sina mainly write about?"
},
{
... |
17,105 | Yet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's... | [
{
"answer": "Ibn Tufail",
"question": "Which philosopher from the Muslim world influenced modern philosophy?"
},
{
"answer": "Ibn Tufail",
"question": "Who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdha?"
},
{
"answer": "1671",
"question": "In what year was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to the Latin language?"
... |
17,106 | Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; ... | [
{
"answer": "al-Jahiz",
"question": "Which philosopher of the Muslim world is considered an important author of work on evolution?"
},
{
"answer": "Alhazen",
"question": "Ibn al-Haytham can be known by another name, what is it?"
},
{
"answer": "phenomenology and the philosophy of science... |
17,107 | Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from cir... | [
{
"answer": "optics",
"question": "Ibn al-Haytham experimented with what around the year 1000?"
},
{
"answer": "Book of Optics",
"question": "Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?"
},
{
"answer": "Medieval Muslim artists",
"question": "Who is believed... |
17,108 | Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circul... | [
{
"answer": "Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body)",
"question": "What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing?"
},
{
"answer": "15th century",
"question": "In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being?"
},
{
"answer": "Ibn al-Nafis",
"question": "Wh... |
17,109 | In astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into the Copernican helio... | [
{
"answer": "astronomy",
"question": "What field did Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī contribute to?"
},
{
"answer": "improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis",
"question": "What work is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī known for as it regar... |
17,110 | Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese ... | [
{
"answer": "almonds and citrus fruit",
"question": "which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?"
},
{
"answer": "irrigation and farming",
"question": "What was the windmill used for?"
},
{
"answer": "Arab merchants",
"question": "Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly ... |
17,112 | More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengal... | [
{
"answer": "20%",
"question": "What percentage of the humans in the world are considered Muslim?"
},
{
"answer": "1,5 billion",
"question": "How many Muslims are believed to live on earth?"
},
{
"answer": "49",
"question": "In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?"... |
17,113 | The two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe the true political succes... | [
{
"answer": "Sunni and Shia",
"question": "Which Muslim denominations are the most dominant?"
},
{
"answer": "how the life of the ummah (\"faithful\") should be governed, and the role of the imam",
"question": "What are the two main things differentiating Sunni and Shia?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
17,114 | Literacy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of ... | [
{
"answer": "over 97%",
"question": "What is the literacy rate in Kuwait?"
},
{
"answer": "37%",
"question": "In 2015 it was reported that what percentage of the Muslim World was not literate?"
},
{
"answer": "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific an... |
17,115 | Several Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the number of scientific res... | [
{
"answer": "Higher Education Commission",
"question": "Which organization for scientific publications was established in Pakistan in 2002?"
},
{
"answer": "5-fold increase",
"question": "How much did the Higher Education Commission impact the number of PhDs in Pakistan?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
17,116 | Encompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architecture, particularly th... | [
{
"answer": "the mosque",
"question": "What is considered the most important work of Islamic architecture?"
},
{
"answer": "decorative calligraphy",
"question": "What type of decorations are used in Muslim world decorative art rather than pictures?"
},
{
"answer": "forbidden",
"quest... |
17,117 | No Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and attributes that, acco... | [
{
"answer": "such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry",
"question": "Why is depicting God forbidden in the Islamic world?"
},
{
"answer": "God is incorporeal",
"question": "What do Muslims believe of the form of God?"
},
{
"answer": "All but one",
"question": "How many sura's in... |
17,118 | Islamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societ... | [
{
"answer": "arabesque",
"question": "What is the repetitive use of geometric floral designs known as in Islamic art?"
},
{
"answer": "pre-Islamic pagan religions",
"question": "Islam forbade types of art found in what religions?"
},
{
"answer": "people and animals",
"question": "Min... |
17,119 | Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwo... | [
{
"answer": "ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns",
"question": "What are the main distinctive features of Islamic architecture?"
},
{
"answer": "columns, piers and arches",
"question": "What physical characteristics are common in Islamic architecture?"
},
... |
17,120 | The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the last month has 29 da... | [
{
"answer": "The Solar Hijri calendar",
"question": "What is another name for the Shamsi Hijri calender?"
},
{
"answer": "SH",
"question": "What is one way to abbreviate the Solar Hiljri calender?"
},
{
"answer": "the Shamsi Hijri calendar",
"question": "What is the customary calenda... |
17,121 | In a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in... | [
{
"answer": "a small minority",
"question": "How many Muslim nations require women to cover their legs, shoulders, or whole body?"
},
{
"answer": "sexist and oppressive",
"question": "What are the restrictions on the dress of Muslim women considered in the West?"
},
{
"answer": "women to... |
17,123 | Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pi... | [
{
"answer": "the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms",
"question": "What civilizations formed in Iran during 3200-2800 BC?"
},
{
"answer": "625 BC",
"question": "When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area?"
},
{
"answer": "Cyrus the Great",
"question": "Who found the... |
17,125 | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | [
{
"answer": "natural gas",
"question": "What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world?"
},
{
"answer": "Tehran",
"question": "What city is Iran's capital?"
},
{
"answer": "through its large reserves of fossil fuels",
"question": "How does Iran effect the world econo... |
17,126 | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | [
{
"answer": "3rd-century",
"question": "What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded?"
},
{
"answer": "Parthian",
"question": "What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians?"
},
{
"answer": "*ar-yo-",
"question": "What Proto-Indo-European term means \"skillfu... |
17,127 | Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the... | [
{
"answer": "Greek historians",
"question": "Which historians referred to Iran as Persis?"
},
{
"answer": "Persia",
"question": "What has the West historically referred Iran as?"
},
{
"answer": "the 9th century BC",
"question": "When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmi... |
17,128 | In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, "At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the officia... | [
{
"answer": "1935",
"question": "When did Reza Shan request that Iran officially be referred to as Iran and not Persia?"
},
{
"answer": "New York Times",
"question": "Which newspaper reported the official name request in 1935?"
},
{
"answer": "Iran",
"question": "Which name is offici... |
17,129 | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros ... | [
{
"answer": "the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC",
"question": "How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "10th to 8th millennium BC",
"question": "When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper?"... |
17,130 | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | [
{
"answer": "Susa",
"question": "What ancient city dates back as early as 4395 BC in Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "the 4th millennium BC",
"question": "How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau?"
},
{
"answer": "Bronze Age",
"question": "During what ... |
17,131 | From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the C... | [
{
"answer": "the Assyrian Empire",
"question": "Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC?"
},
{
"answer": "between 616 BC and 605 BC",
"question": "When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule?"
},
{
"answe... |
17,132 | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quic... | [
{
"answer": "Cyrus the Great",
"question": "Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification?"
},
{
"answer": "550 BC",
"question": "When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "the Median ruler Astyages",
"question... |
17,133 | At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Pales... | [
{
"answer": "the Achaemenid Empire",
"question": "What was the first world goverment the world had seen at the time it existed?"
},
{
"answer": "the Achaemenid Empire",
"question": "What was the largest empire the world had seen at the time it existed?"
},
{
"answer": "the Black Sea",
... |
17,134 | It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of ... | [
{
"answer": "the Greek city states",
"question": "The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence?"
},
{
"answer": "50 million people",
"question": "How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC?"
},
{
"answer": "44% of the world's pop... |
17,135 | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | [
{
"answer": "Alexander the Great",
"question": "Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC?"
},
{
"answer": "Darius III",
"question": "Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great?"
},
{
"answer": "the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire",
"question"... |
17,136 | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | [
{
"answer": "Byzantine-Sassanid Wars",
"question": "What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs?"
},
{
"answer": "the 7th century",
"question": "When did the Arabs invade Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "Arab Rashidun Caliphate",
"question": "W... |
17,137 | The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scie... | [
{
"answer": "the Islamic Golden Age",
"question": "What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked?"
},
{
"answer": "by the 10th and 11th centuries",
"question": "When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith?"
},
{
"answer": "scientific writing",
... |
17,138 | The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions ... | [
{
"answer": "Turkic tribes",
"question": "What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century?"
},
{
"answer": "Central Asia",
"question": "Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century?"
},
{
"answer": "mamluks (slave-war... |
17,139 | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | [
{
"answer": "Hulagu Khan",
"question": "Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256?"
},
{
"answer": "1370",
"question": "Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "156 years",
"question": "How long did the Tim... |
17,140 | By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity withi... | [
{
"answer": "Ismail I from Ardabil",
"question": "Who established the Safavid Dynasty?"
},
{
"answer": "Tabriz",
"question": "What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty?"
},
{
"answer": "Shia Islam",
"question": "Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch?"
},
{
"an... |
17,141 | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | [
{
"answer": "Ottoman Empire",
"question": "What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "Abbas the Great",
"question": "Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign?"
},
{
"answer": "1587–1629",
"question": "When did the Safavid Empire peak?"
},
{
"an... |
17,142 | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | [
{
"answer": "Nader Shah",
"question": "Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729?"
},
{
"answer": "the Sassanid Empire",
"question": "Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Caucasian territories",
"question": "Nader Shah took back... |
17,143 | Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out... | [
{
"answer": "Karim Khan",
"question": "Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "Aqa Mohammad Khan",
"question": "Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794?"
},
{
"answer": "the entire Caucasus",
"question": "The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entir... |
17,144 | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | [
{
"answer": "the 19th century Russo-Persian wars",
"question": "What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians?"
},
{
"answer": "the Caucasus",
"question": "What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians?"
... |
17,145 | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | [
{
"answer": "Between 1872 and 1905",
"question": "When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur?"
},
{
"answer": "the Iranian Constitutional Revolution",
"question": "What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales?"
},
{
"ans... |
17,146 | The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupi... | [
{
"answer": "until 1911",
"question": "The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year?"
},
{
"answer": "1921",
"question": "The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "Mohammad Ali Shah",
"question"... |
17,147 | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | [
{
"answer": "1941",
"question": "When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi",
"question": "Who succeeded Reza Shah after his abdication?"
},
{
"answer": "the Persian Corridor",
"question": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi established what eno... |
17,148 | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | [
{
"answer": "1973",
"question": "What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation?"
},
{
"answer": "economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency",
"question": "What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973?"
},
{
"answer": "an economic recession"... |
17,149 | The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The ne... | [
{
"answer": "1979",
"question": "The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "in a violent manner",
"question": "How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power?"
},... |
17,150 | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | [
{
"answer": "a group of students",
"question": "Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979?"
},
{
"answer": "November 4, 1979",
"question": "When was the US Embassy in Iran seized?"
},
{
"answer": "Algiers Accords",
"question": "ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result ... |
17,151 | On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the... | [
{
"answer": "the Iraqi army",
"question": "Who invaded Iran in 1980?"
},
{
"answer": "mid 1982",
"question": "When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? "
},
{
"answer": "the UN",
"question": "Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War?"
},
{
"answer"... |
17,152 | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | [
{
"answer": "24° and 40° N",
"question": "What latitudes does Iran lie between?"
},
{
"answer": "1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi)",
"question": "What is the size of Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "to the south",
"question": "Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman?"
},
{... |
17,153 | Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountai... | [
{
"answer": "rugged mountain ranges",
"question": "Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature?"
},
{
"answer": "Mount Damavand",
"question": "What is Iran's highest mountain?"
},
{
"answer": "5,610 m (18,406 ft)",
"question": "How tall is Mount Damavand?"
},
{
... |
17,154 | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | [
{
"answer": "subtropical",
"question": "Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is?"
},
{
"answer": "Summer",
"question": "During what season does Iran's northern region's temperatures never go higher than 29c?"
},
{
"answer": "680 mm (26.8 in)",
"question": "What ... |
17,155 | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | [
{
"answer": "38 °C (100.4 °F)",
"question": "In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? "
},
{
"answer": "below zero",
"question": "In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?"
},
{
"answer": "less ... |
17,156 | At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of In... | [
{
"answer": "large national development projects",
"question": "The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects?"
},
{
"answer": "74 species",
"question": "How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered?"
},
{
... |
17,157 | Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Per... | [
{
"answer": "Shiraz",
"question": "What is the sixth most populous city of Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "1.4 million",
"question": "What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census?"
},
{
"answer": "Fars Province",
"question": "Shiraz is the capital of what Province?"
},
{
"answer": "B... |
17,158 | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | [
{
"answer": "the 1979 Constitution",
"question": "The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document?"
},
{
"answer": "Supreme Leader",
"question": "What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as?"
},
{
"answer": "The Supreme Leader",
"question": "Who is the Commander in Chie... |
17,159 | The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects... | [
{
"answer": "the Supreme Leader",
"question": "In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader?"
},
{
"answer": "The President",
"question": "Who exercises exective powers in Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "The President",
"question": "The Council of Minis... |
17,160 | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | [
{
"answer": "twelve jurists",
"question": "How many jurists are in the Guardian Council?"
},
{
"answer": "The Guardian Council",
"question": "Who can veto Parliament?"
},
{
"answer": "The Expediency Council",
"question": "What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes betwee... |
17,161 | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | [
{
"answer": "The Special Clerical Court",
"question": "When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases?"
},
{
"answer": "the Supreme Leader",
"question": "The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body?"
},
{
"answer": "one week annually",
"question": "How o... |
17,162 | Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civil... | [
{
"answer": "Since 2005",
"question": "Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when?"
},
{
"answer": "Israel",
"question": "Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons? "
},
{
"answer": "UN Se... |
17,163 | Iran has a paramilitary, volunteer militia force within the IRGC, called the Basij, which includes about 90,000 full-time, active-duty uniformed members. Up to 11 million men and women are members of the Basij who could potentially be called up for service; GlobalSecurity.org estimates Iran could mobilize "up to one mi... | [
{
"answer": "the Basij",
"question": "What is Iran's volunteer militia force named?"
},
{
"answer": "90,000",
"question": "How many full-time members does the Basij have?"
},
{
"answer": "Up to 11 million men and women",
"question": "How many members in total does the Basij have? "
... |
17,164 | Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have... | [
{
"answer": "The Fajr-3 (MIRV)",
"question": "What is Iran's most advanced missile?"
},
{
"answer": "foreign embargoes",
"question": "Why did Iran have to build its own military hardware, vehicles, and weapons after the 1979 Revolution?"
},
{
"answer": "1979 Revolution",
"question": ... |
17,165 | In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state s... | [
{
"answer": "$70 billion",
"question": "By 2007, Iran's crude oil exports resulted in how much of its foreign exchange currency?"
},
{
"answer": "large-scale state subsidies",
"question": "What is a main cause of Iran's constant budget deficits?"
},
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "W... |
17,166 | The administration continues to follow the market reform plans of the previous one and indicated that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceuticals industry. However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, m... | [
{
"answer": "diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy",
"question": "What is a main goal of Iran's market reform plans?"
},
{
"answer": "ranked 69",
"question": "The Global COmpetitiveness Report in 2010 ranked Iran where out of 139 countries?"
},
{
"answer": "the bonyads",
"question": "... |
17,167 | Economic sanctions against Iran, such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil, have affected the economy. Sanctions have led to a steep fall in the value of the rial, and as of April 2013 one US dollar is worth 36,000 rial, compared with 16,000 in early 2012. Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear a... | [
{
"answer": "16,000",
"question": "How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in early 2012?"
},
{
"answer": "36,000",
"question": "How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in April 2013?"
},
{
"answer": "2015",
"question": "What year did a nuclear and sanctions relief de... |
17,168 | Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims,... | [
{
"answer": "the most popular tourist destinations",
"question": "What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common?"
},
{
"answer": "300,000",
"question": "How many tourist visas were granted in 2003?"
},
{
"answer": "Asian Muslims",
"question": "Which group made up the... |
17,169 | Iran has the second largest proved gas reserves in the world after Russia, with 33.6 trillion cubic metres, and third largest natural gas production in the world after Indonesia, and Russia. It also ranks fourth in oil reserves with an estimated 153,600,000,000 barrels. It is OPEC's 2nd largest oil exporter and is an e... | [
{
"answer": "33.6 trillion cubic metres",
"question": "How much natural gas reserves does Iran have?"
},
{
"answer": "second largest",
"question": "What is Iran ranked in the world in proved gas reserves?"
},
{
"answer": "153,600,000,000 barrels",
"question": "How much oil reserves d... |
17,170 | In 2004, a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped. The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric powe... | [
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "When did Iran open its first wind-powered plants?"
},
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "When did Iran open its first geothermal plants?"
},
{
"answer": "33,000 megawatts",
"question": "How much did Iran's installed capacity of power increase to after i... |
17,171 | Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart... | [
{
"answer": "Ali Javan",
"question": "Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?"
},
{
"answer": "Tofy Mussivand",
"question": "Which Iranian cardiologist developed and invented the first artificial cardiac pump?"
},
{
"answer": "the Fields Medal",
"question": "In 2014,... |
17,172 | As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity. The CIA's World Factbook has estimated that around 79% of the population ... | [
{
"answer": "Persians",
"question": "What is Iran's presumed largest ethnic group?"
},
{
"answer": "Azerbaijanis",
"question": "What is Iran's presumed 2nd largest ethnic group?"
},
{
"answer": "53%",
"question": "Persians make up what percentage of Iran's population?"
},
{
"... |
17,173 | Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Sunni branch of Islam are officially recognized by the government, and have reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament. But the Bahá'í Faith, which is said to be the largest non-Muslim religious minority in Iran, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during i... | [
{
"answer": "Sunni branch",
"question": "What other branch of Islam is recognized by the Iranian government?"
},
{
"answer": "have reserved seats",
"question": "Are the religious minorities in Iran - Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and Sunnis - a part of the Iranian Parliament?"
},
{
... |
17,174 | The earliest examples of visual representations in Iranian history are traced back to the bas-reliefs of Persepolis, c. 500 BC. Persepolis was the ritual center of the ancient kingdom of Achaemenids, and the figures at Persepolis remain bound by the rules of grammar and syntax of visual language. The Iranian visual art... | [
{
"answer": "the bas-reliefs of Persepolis",
"question": "What were the first known examples of Iranian visual art? "
},
{
"answer": "c. 500 BC",
"question": "How far back can the first known examples of Iranian visual art be traced to? "
},
{
"answer": "Persepolis",
"question": "Wha... |
17,175 | The 1960s was a significant decade for Iranian cinema, with 25 commercial films produced annually on average throughout the early 60s, increasing to 65 by the end of the decade. The majority of production focused on melodrama and thrillers. With the screening of the films Kaiser and The Cow, directed by Masoud Kimiai a... | [
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "What decade was significant to Iranian film?"
},
{
"answer": "the Golrizan Festival",
"question": "What Iranian film festival in 1954 was the progenitor of future film festivals in 1969 and 1973?"
},
{
"answer": "25 commercial films",
"question": "Ho... |
17,176 | After the Revolution of 1979, as the new government imposed new laws and standards, a new age in Iranian cinema emerged, starting with Viva... by Khosrow Sinai and followed by many other directors, such as Abbas Kiarostami and Jafar Panahi. Kiarostami, an admired Iranian director, planted Iran firmly on the map of worl... | [
{
"answer": "Khosrow Sinai",
"question": "Which director led off a new age of Iranian film after the 1979 Revolution?"
},
{
"answer": "Viva...",
"question": "What was the name of Sinai's film that ushered in Iran's new era of film after the 1979 Revolution?"
},
{
"answer": "Abbas Kiarost... |
17,177 | Iran received access to the Internet in 1993. According to 2014 census, around 40% of the population of Iran are Internet users. Iran ranks 24th among countries by number of Internet users. According to the statistics provided by the web information company of Alexa, Google Search and Yahoo! are the most used search en... | [
{
"answer": "1993",
"question": "When did the Internet arrive in Iran?"
},
{
"answer": "around 40%",
"question": "What percentage of Iran's population were internet users in 2014?"
},
{
"answer": "Instagram",
"question": "What is Iran's most popular online social network?"
},
{
... |
17,178 | Iranian cuisine is diverse due to its variety of ethnic groups and the influence of other cultures. Herbs are frequently used along with fruits such as plums, pomegranates, quince, prunes, apricots, and raisins. Iranians usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran. To achieve a ba... | [
{
"answer": "Herbs",
"question": "In Iranian cuisine, what is habitually used with fruits? "
},
{
"answer": "plain yogurt",
"question": "Iranians usually eat what diet staple with lunch and dinner?"
},
{
"answer": "caviar",
"question": "What delicacy is Iran famous for?"
},
{
... |
17,179 | Other non-governmental estimations regarding the groups other than the Persians and Azerbaijanis roughly congruate with the World Factbook and the Library of Congress. However, many scholarly and organisational estimations regarding the number of these two groups differ significantly from the mentioned census. Accordin... | [
{
"answer": "Azerbaijanis",
"question": "Iran has the highest population of what group in the world?"
},
{
"answer": "between 21.6–30%",
"question": "What is the percentage range of Iran's total population is seemingly comprised of Azerbaijanis?"
},
{
"answer": "25%",
"question": "Wh... |
17,180 | Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East. According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the... | [
{
"answer": "watermelons",
"question": "What melon is Iran a Top 5 producer in the world in 2012?"
},
{
"answer": "construction materials",
"question": "What type of materials is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?"
},
{
"answer": "petrochemicals",
"question": "What ty... |
17,181 | Iranian art encompasses many disciplines, including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking, and stonemasonry. The Median and Achaemenid empires left a significant classical art scene which remained as basic influences for the art of the later eras. Art of the Parthians was a mixture of Iran... | [
{
"answer": "The Median",
"question": "The Achaemind Empire along with what other group became the foundation for the art in later Iranian history?"
},
{
"answer": "Hellenistic",
"question": "A blend of Iranian and what other type of artwork were the Parthians' art comprised of?"
},
{
"a... |
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