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|---|---|---|
6,752 | Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City, New York; the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts ... | [
{
"answer": "Between 1993 and 1996",
"question": "When did the FBI increase it's counter-terrorism role?"
},
{
"answer": "World Trade Center bombing",
"question": "What prompted the FBI increase in counter-terrorism?"
},
{
"answer": "New York City, New York",
"question": "Where was t... |
6,753 | During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn... | [
{
"answer": "Leonard W. Hatton Jr",
"question": "What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center?"
},
{
"answer": "South Tower",
"question": "What tower was Leonard W. Hatton Jr attempting to evacuate?"
},
{
"answer": "re-engineering",
"question": "What did the FBI... |
6,754 | On July 8, 2007 The Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. The Post reported from Zegart's book that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Th... | [
{
"answer": "July 8, 2007",
"question": "When did the Washington Post publish excerpts from the book Spying Blind?"
},
{
"answer": "23",
"question": "How many chances to disrupt the 9/11 attacks did the FBI dismiss?"
},
{
"answer": "FBI, CIA",
"question": "What two agencies had a lac... |
6,755 | The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to no... | [
{
"answer": "USA PATRIOT Act",
"question": "What increased the powers of the FBI?"
},
{
"answer": "sneak and peek provision",
"question": "What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?"
},
{
"answer": "search a house while the residents are away",
"question": "What... |
6,756 | The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. E... | [
{
"answer": "1974",
"question": "When did the FBI lab first appear?"
},
{
"answer": "J. Edgar Hoover Building",
"question": "Where was the FBI lab?"
},
{
"answer": "state, local, and international agencies",
"question": "Who uses the FBI lab services?"
},
{
"answer": "free",
... |
6,757 | In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology (IT) infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were general... | [
{
"answer": "2000",
"question": "When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?"
},
{
"answer": "Trilogy project",
"question": "What project centered on upgrading FBI Information Technology Infrastructure?"
},
{
"answer": "far over budget",
"question": "Did the Trilogy project go over b... |
6,758 | An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it t... | [
{
"answer": "Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber",
"question": "What gun are FBI special agents issued?"
},
{
"answer": "Glock 17 or Glock 19",
"question": "What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?"
},
{
"answer": "Glock .40 S&W pistol... |
6,760 | The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of t... | [
{
"answer": "including celebrities such as Elvis Presley",
"question": "Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?"
},
{
"answer": "antiwar activities",
"question": "What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?"
},
{
"answer": "threats or extortion attempts",
"que... |
6,761 | In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitiv... | [
{
"answer": "his former FBI handler",
"question": "Who tipped of Bulger?"
},
{
"answer": "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act",
"question": "What act was the indictment under?"
},
{
"answer": "16",
"question": "How long did Bulger remain at large?"
},
{
"answer... |
6,762 | In August 2007 Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made. The database cross-referenced logs of Wikipedia edits with publicly available ... | [
{
"answer": "computation and neural-systems",
"question": "What was Virgil Griffith focused on?"
},
{
"answer": "United States Congress",
"question": "What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?"
},
{
"answer": "conflict of interest edits",
"question": "What was G... |
6,763 | On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado... | [
{
"answer": "20 February 2001",
"question": "When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest?"
},
{
"answer": "spying for the Soviet Union",
"question": "What was Hanssen arrested for?"
},
{
"answer": "1979 to 2001",
"question": "When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU?"
},
{
... |
6,764 | The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intellige... | [
{
"answer": "FBI",
"question": "What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?"
},
{
"answer": "U.S. Department of Justice",
"question": "What organization is the FBI a subset of?"
},
{
"answer": "Director of National Intelligence",
"question": "What Direct... |
6,765 | J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover... | [
{
"answer": "J. Edgar Hoover",
"question": "Who was Director from 1924 to 1972?"
},
{
"answer": "48",
"question": "How many years was Hoover the FBI director?"
},
{
"answer": "Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory",
"question": "What laboratory was Hoover responsible for creating?"
... |
6,766 | Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in U.S. embassies and consulates across the globe. These overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usua... | [
{
"answer": "domestic",
"question": "What kind of work was the FBI focused on?"
},
{
"answer": "60",
"question": "How many LEGAT offices does the FBI operate?"
},
{
"answer": "coordination with foreign security services",
"question": "Why does the FBI operate LEGAT offices?"
},
{... |
6,768 | In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenc... | [
{
"answer": "organized crime",
"question": "What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?"
},
{
"answer": "mobsters",
"question": "What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on?"
},
{
"answer": "former Prohibition-organized groups",
"question": "After the RICO Act took eff... |
6,769 | After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Co... | [
{
"answer": "CALEA",
"question": "What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade?"
},
{
"answer": "CART",
"question": "What team underwent a technological upgrade in 1991?"
},
{
"answer": "Internet-related problems",
"question": "What were CITAC and NIPC created to deal with?"
},
{
... |
6,770 | For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted a... | [
{
"answer": "single box of bullets",
"question": "What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?"
},
{
"answer": "18-month",
"question": "How long was the National Academy of Sciences independent review?"
},
{
"answer": "deeply flawed",
"question": "Wha... |
6,771 | The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the... | [
{
"answer": "RICO",
"question": "What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?"
},
{
"answer": "Civil Rights Act of 1964",
"question": "What act is the FBI required to enforce?"
},
{
"answer": "DOJ",
"question": "What organization does the FBI prosecute violations of the Unite... |
6,772 | The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport and airport security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforce... | [
{
"answer": "seaport and airport security",
"question": "When does the FBI work with the US Coast Guard and US Customs and Board Protection?"
},
{
"answer": "investigating airplane crashes",
"question": "When does the FBI work with the National Transportation Safety Board?"
},
{
"answer"... |
6,773 | The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located... | [
{
"answer": "The FBI Academy",
"question": "Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?"
},
{
"answer": "Quantico, Virginia",
"question": "Where is the FBI Academy?"
},
{
"answer": "21-week",
"question": "How long is the course required for all special agents?"
},
{
"... |
6,774 | The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington P... | [
{
"answer": "frequently",
"question": "Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?"
},
{
"answer": "the Bureau",
"question": "Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?"
},
{
"answer": "white supremacists",
"question": "What group did MLK believe needed more attention from t... |
6,775 | The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records manage... | [
{
"answer": "address limitations inherent in UCR data",
"question": "What is the goal of the NIBRS?"
},
{
"answer": "the United States",
"question": "Who uses the NIBRS?"
},
{
"answer": "collecting and reporting data",
"question": "What is the NIBRS used for?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
6,776 | The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United S... | [
{
"answer": "Pedro Albizu Campos",
"question": "What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on?"
},
{
"answer": "Nationalist",
"question": "What party was Pedro Albizu Campos part of?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US... |
6,777 | The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-... | [
{
"answer": "Office of the Director",
"question": "What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?"
},
{
"answer": "An executive assistant director",
"question": "Who manages each FBI branch?"
},
{
"answer": "offices and divisions",
"question": "What is a FBI branch divided in... |
6,778 | The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI func... | [
{
"answer": "J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C.,",
"question": "Where is the FBI located?"
},
{
"answer": "Quantico, Virginia",
"question": "Where are specialized FBI functions located?"
},
{
"answer": "Clarksburg, West Virginia",
"question": "Where is the FBI's data campus... |
6,779 | Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is reported to sta... | [
{
"answer": "Carnivore",
"question": "What was the electronic eavesdropping system used by the FBI during the Clinton presidency?"
},
{
"answer": "email and electronic communications",
"question": "What did Carnivore monitor?"
},
{
"answer": "DCS1000",
"question": "What was Carnivore... |
6,780 | FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Cooli... | [
{
"answer": "President of the United States",
"question": "Who appoints FBI directors?"
},
{
"answer": "United States Senate",
"question": "What legislative body confirms FBI directors?"
},
{
"answer": "five years",
"question": "How long is the term of a FBI director?"
},
{
"... |
6,781 | The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI o... | [
{
"answer": "1930s",
"question": "When did the FBI first appear in popular media?"
},
{
"answer": "X-Files",
"question": "What notable TV show was concerned with FBI investigations of the paranormal?"
},
{
"answer": "FBI Counterterrorism Division",
"question": "What is the TV drama 2... |
6,782 | During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unj... | [
{
"answer": "289",
"question": "How many times did FBI agents first their weapons from 1993 to 2011?"
},
{
"answer": "5 cases",
"question": "How many times were FBI shots not justified?"
},
{
"answer": "none",
"question": "How many people were wounded in the cases where FBI shooting ... |
6,783 | In 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know why his government... | [
{
"answer": "2005",
"question": "When did Puerto Rican Nationalist Filiberto Ojeda Ríos die?"
},
{
"answer": "FBI agents",
"question": "Who killed Filiberto Ojeda Ríos?"
},
{
"answer": "assassination",
"question": "How did some people describe Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's death?"
},
{
... |
6,784 | A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is... | [
{
"answer": "a transitional period between childhood and adulthood",
"question": "Adolescene is viewed as what?"
},
{
"answer": "information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology.",
"question": "A thorough understanding of adole... |
6,785 | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | [
{
"answer": "a deeper voice and larger adam's apple",
"question": "Puberty causes what to happen in boys?"
},
{
"answer": "The testes",
"question": "What releases testosterone?"
},
{
"answer": "the ovaries",
"question": "What releases estrogen?"
},
{
"answer": "obesity.",
... |
6,786 | Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure... | [
{
"answer": "increase in both size and capacity",
"question": "How do a person's heart and lungs change during puberty?"
},
{
"answer": "increased strength and tolerance for exercise",
"question": "Increased size and capacity of the heart and lungs result in what changes to the body?"
},
{
... |
6,787 | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | [
{
"answer": "not",
"question": "Is a person's brain fully developed by the time they reach puberty?"
},
{
"answer": "cognitive and emotional",
"question": "The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information?"
},
{
"answ... |
6,788 | Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste... | [
{
"answer": "Serotonin",
"question": "Which neuromodulator is involved in regulation of mood and behavior?"
},
{
"answer": "not",
"question": "Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?"
},
{
"answer": "mood and behavior",
"question": "Serotonin is a neuromodulator th... |
6,789 | Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d... | [
{
"answer": "hypothetical",
"question": "Deductive reasoning leads to the development of what type of thinking?"
},
{
"answer": "children",
"question": "Are adolescents or children more bound to concrete events?"
},
{
"answer": "hypothetical",
"question": "What type of thinking provi... |
6,790 | The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar... | [
{
"answer": "early",
"question": "Are sexual actvity and risky behaviors more likely in boys that mature early or later?"
},
{
"answer": "hormones",
"question": "Increased aggresiveness and early sexual maturation in adolescent boys are due to a surge of what?"
},
{
"answer": "Early",
... |
6,791 | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel... | [
{
"answer": "capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience",
"question": "How is wisdom defined?"
},
{
"answer": "twenty-five",
"question": "Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what?"
},
{
"answer": "not",
"question": "Is wisdom the same thing as intell... |
6,792 | In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo... | [
{
"answer": "the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth",
"question": "How is adolescence defined biologically?"
},
{
"answer": "changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally",
"question": "How is adolescence defined cogniti... |
6,794 | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | [
{
"answer": "first ejaculation",
"question": "What is a male's major landmark of puberty?"
},
{
"answer": "13",
"question": "At what average age does a male's first ejaculation occur?"
},
{
"answer": "menstruation",
"question": "What is a female's major landmark of puberty?"
},
{... |
6,795 | Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow... | [
{
"answer": "who the adolescent wishes to be",
"question": "How can the ideal self be described in terms of the adolescent?"
},
{
"answer": "who the adolescent does not want to be",
"question": "How can the feared self be described in terms of the adolescent?"
},
{
"answer": "ideal",
... |
6,796 | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | [
{
"answer": "Menarche",
"question": "What term is the beginning of menstruation given?"
},
{
"answer": "two years",
"question": "How many years does regular ovulation follow menarche?"
},
{
"answer": "uterus, vagina",
"question": "What are two areas of the reproductive system that ex... |
6,797 | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | [
{
"answer": "masturbation",
"question": "What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation?"
},
{
"answer": "those directly related to the sex organs",
"question": "What are primary sex characteristics?"
},
{
"answer": "growth of the testes and scrotum",
"question": "What does... |
6,799 | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | [
{
"answer": "prefrontal cortex",
"question": "Which part of the brain is involved in decision making and cognitive control?"
},
{
"answer": "dorsolateral prefrontal cortex",
"question": "Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead?"
},
{
"answer": "or... |
6,801 | There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ... | [
{
"answer": "constructivist",
"question": "What view towards cognitive development during adolescence did Piaget take?"
},
{
"answer": "sudden and drastic",
"question": "Did Piaget believe that cognitive improvement was sudden and drastic or slow and steadied?"
},
{
"answer": "quantitati... |
6,802 | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | [
{
"answer": "hookups",
"question": "Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what?"
},
{
"answer": "within",
"question": "Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships?"
},
{
"answer": "social media",
"question": "Whe... |
6,803 | A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s... | [
{
"answer": "metacognition",
"question": "What is the term used to describe thinking about thinking itself?"
},
{
"answer": "Adolescents",
"question": "Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts?"
},
{
"answer": "fif... |
6,804 | A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare... | [
{
"answer": "teen timetable",
"question": "What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors?"
},
{
"answer": "White",
"question": "Do White or Asian parents tend to expect autonomy earlier than the other?"
},
{
"answ... |
6,805 | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | [
{
"answer": "withdrawal",
"question": "What is an example of a poor birth control method?"
},
{
"answer": "lower",
"question": "Are higher or lower levels of parental support associated with risky sexual behavior?"
},
{
"answer": "similar",
"question": "Is exploratory sexual behavior... |
6,806 | Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without a willingness to... | [
{
"answer": "favor",
"question": "Does research favor or reject the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk similarly but hold different values and therefore come to different conclusions?"
},
{
"answer": "impress potential mates",
"question": "A priority in sexual attraction and... |
6,808 | Research since reveals self-examination beginning early in adolescence, but identity achievement rarely occurring before age 18. The freshman year of college influences identity development significantly, but may actually prolong psychosocial moratorium by encouraging reexamination of previous commitments and further e... | [
{
"answer": "18",
"question": "Identity achievement rarely occurs before what age?"
},
{
"answer": "no",
"question": "Is there a final endpoint in identity development?"
},
{
"answer": "Erikson",
"question": "Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of developme... |
6,812 | Despite changing family roles during adolescence, the home environment and parents are still important for the behaviors and choices of adolescents. Adolescents who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risk behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, fighting, and/or unprotected se... | [
{
"answer": "more",
"question": "Are adolescents with authoritative parents more or less likely to complete secondary education by age 22?"
},
{
"answer": "less likely",
"question": "Are adolescents that have a good relationship with their parents more or less likely to smoke, drink, fight, or e... |
6,813 | Much research has been conducted on the psychological ramifications of body image on adolescents. Modern day teenagers are exposed to more media on a daily basis than any generation before them. Recent studies have indicated that the average teenager watches roughly 1500 hours of television per year. As such, modern da... | [
{
"answer": "more",
"question": "Are modern day teenagers exposed to more or less media than other generations?"
},
{
"answer": "1500",
"question": "How many hours of television does the average teenager watch per year?"
},
{
"answer": "body dissatisfaction",
"question": "Teenagers' ... |
6,815 | Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the t... | [
{
"answer": "Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls",
"question": "What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies?"
},
{
"answer": "tattoos and scarification",
"question": "What are some physical ways that some cul... |
6,817 | There are certain characteristics of adolescent development that are more rooted in culture than in human biology or cognitive structures. Culture has been defined as the "symbolic and behavioral inheritance received from the past that provides a community framework for what is valued". Culture is learned and socially ... | [
{
"answer": "symbolic and behavioral inheritance received from the past that provides a community framework for what is valued",
"question": "How is culture defined?"
},
{
"answer": "all",
"question": "Does culture affect all, some, or none of the aspects of an individual's life?"
},
{
"... |
6,818 | When discussing peer relationships among adolescents it is also important to include information in regards to how they communicate with one another. An important aspect of communication is the channel used. Channel, in this respect, refers to the form of communication, be it face-to-face, email, text message, phone or... | [
{
"answer": "experiment with emerging identities and to broaden their peer groups",
"question": "How do adolescents use online technology?"
},
{
"answer": "form of communication",
"question": "To what does \"channel\" refer in terms if adolescent communication?"
},
{
"answer": "cyberbull... |
6,820 | Adolescence is a period frequently marked by increased rights and privileges for individuals. While cultural variation exists for legal rights and their corresponding ages, considerable consistency is found across cultures. Furthermore, since the advent of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 (children her... | [
{
"answer": "1989",
"question": "In what year was the Convention on the Rights of the Child created?"
},
{
"answer": "U.S. and South Sudan",
"question": "What two countries have not legally committed to advancing an anti-discriminaory stance towards young people?"
},
{
"answer": "legal e... |
6,821 | In addition to the sharing of household chores, certain cultures expect adolescents to share in their family's financial responsibilities. According to family economic and financial education specialists, adolescents develop sound money management skills through the practices of saving and spending money, as well as th... | [
{
"answer": "fewer",
"question": "In developing countries, is it common for children to attend fewer or greater years of formal schooling?"
},
{
"answer": "so that, when they reach adolescence, they can begin working",
"question": "Why, in developting countries, do children often attend fewer ye... |
6,823 | Drinking habits and the motives behind them often reflect certain aspects of an individual's personality; in fact, four dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of personality demonstrate associations with drinking motives (all but 'Openness'). Greater enhancement motives for alcohol consumption tend to reflect high levels ... | [
{
"answer": "Openness",
"question": "Which of the Five-Factor Model dimensions does not demonstrate an association with drinking motives?"
},
{
"answer": "negative",
"question": "Is alcohol use a positive or negative emotion control mechanism?"
},
{
"answer": "enjoyment",
"question":... |
6,824 | Although research has been inconclusive, some findings have indicated that electronic communication negatively affects adolescents' social development, replaces face-to-face communication, impairs their social skills, and can sometimes lead to unsafe interaction with strangers. A 2015 review reported that “adolescents ... | [
{
"answer": "negative",
"question": "According to research findings, does Internet use have a positive or negative effect on teen physical health?"
},
{
"answer": "easier to interact socially online",
"question": "How can the Internet be beneficial for socially anxious teens?"
},
{
"answ... |
6,825 | Following a steady decline, beginning in the late 1990s up through the mid-2000s, illicit drug use among adolescents has been on the rise in the U.S. Aside from alcohol, marijuana is the most commonly indulged drug habit during adolescent years. Data collected by the National Institute on Drug Abuse shows that between ... | [
{
"answer": "alcohol",
"question": "What is the most commonly abused substance during adolescent years in the U.S.?"
},
{
"answer": "ecstasy",
"question": "The heightened usage of what drug is most likely due at least in some part to the rising popularity of rave culture?"
},
{
"answer":... |
6,826 | Until mid-to-late adolescence, boys and girls show relatively little difference in drinking motives. Distinctions between the reasons for alcohol consumption of males and females begin to emerge around ages 14–15; overall, boys tend to view drinking in a more social light than girls, who report on average a more freque... | [
{
"answer": "14–15",
"question": "During what ages do reasons for alcohol consumption between males and females begin to diverge?"
},
{
"answer": "boys",
"question": "Do boys or girls view drinking in a more social light?"
},
{
"answer": "girls",
"question": "Which gender reports mos... |
6,827 | Adolescence (from Latin adolescere, meaning "to grow up") is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority). The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, though its physical, p... | [
{
"answer": "Latin",
"question": "From which language does the word \"adolescence\" originate?"
},
{
"answer": "to grow up",
"question": "What is the Latin meaning of the word \"adolescere\"?"
},
{
"answer": "age of majority",
"question": "What is another term for legal adulthood?"
... |
6,828 | Within the past ten years, the amount of social networking sites available to the public has greatly increased as well as the number of adolescents using them. Several sources report a high proportion of adolescents who use social media: 73% of 12–17 year olds reported having at least one social networking profile; two... | [
{
"answer": "greatly increased",
"question": "In recent years, has the amount of social networking sites available to the public increased or decreased?"
},
{
"answer": "68%",
"question": "What percentage of teens say they text every day?"
},
{
"answer": "73%",
"question": "What perc... |
6,829 | For girls, early maturation can sometimes lead to increased self-consciousness, though a typical aspect in maturing females. Because of their bodies' developing in advance, pubescent girls can become more insecure and dependent. Consequently, girls that reach sexual maturation early are more likely than their peers to ... | [
{
"answer": "more likely",
"question": "Are girls reaching sexual maturation early more or less likely to develop eating disorers?"
},
{
"answer": "lose weight",
"question": "Nearly half of Americam high school girls hope to achieve what goal with their diet?"
},
{
"answer": "early matur... |
6,830 | Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes ex... | [
{
"answer": "different",
"question": "Is change in bodily distribution of fat and muscle the same or different between males and females during puberty?"
},
{
"answer": "girls",
"question": "Do boys or girls experience a more significant increase in body fat?"
},
{
"answer": "boys",
... |
6,831 | Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of the voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. I... | [
{
"answer": "every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction",
"question": "What is a secondary sex characteristic change?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many Tanner stages are there?"
},
{
"answer": "pediatrician",
"question": "What was the occupation of t... |
6,832 | Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths. Through experience outside the family circle, they learn that rules they were taught as absolute are in fact relativistic. They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of com... | [
{
"answer": "adolescents",
"question": "Are children or adolescents more likely to question assertions and less likely to accept facts?"
},
{
"answer": "common sense",
"question": "Is refraining from touching a hot stoce a common sense or culturally-relative standard?"
},
{
"answer": "cu... |
6,833 | The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's "Adolescence in 1904." Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based o... | [
{
"answer": "G. Stanley Hall",
"question": "Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association?"
},
{
"answer": "describing",
"question": "From the '50s to the '80s, was the field's focus devoted to describing patterns of behavior or explaining them?"
},
{
"answer": "A... |
6,834 | The idea of self-concept is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent and stable. Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract,... | [
{
"answer": "adolescents",
"question": "Do children or adolescents define themselves based on values, thoughts, and opinions?"
},
{
"answer": "self-concept",
"question": "Which idea is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent, and sta... |
6,837 | Peer groups are essential to social and general development. Communication with peers increases significantly during adolescence and peer relationships become more intense than in other stages and more influential to the teen, affecting both the decisions and choices being made. High quality friendships may enhance ch... | [
{
"answer": "increases",
"question": "Does communication with peers increase or decrease during adolescence?"
},
{
"answer": "Adolescents",
"question": "Do children or adolescents tend to associae with friends of the opposite sex more?"
},
{
"answer": "a period of development characteriz... |
6,838 | Some researchers are now focusing on learning about how adolescents view their own relationships and sexuality; they want to move away from a research point of view that focuses on the problems associated with adolescent sexuality.[why?] College Professor Lucia O'Sullivan and her colleagues found that there weren't any... | [
{
"answer": "social events",
"question": "Did adolescents report more sexual or social events to researchers?"
},
{
"answer": "focus on the more positive aspects of adolescents",
"question": "Why do researchers believe the social event reporting by adolescents (rather than sexual activity) is im... |
6,839 | The degree to which adolescents are perceived as autonomous beings varies widely by culture, as do the behaviors that represent this emerging autonomy. Psychologists have identified three main types of autonomy: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy. Emotional autonomy is defined in terms ... | [
{
"answer": "emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy",
"question": "What are the three main types of autonomy?"
},
{
"answer": "encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern",
"ques... |
6,840 | Furthermore, the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure activities varies greatly by culture as a result of cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors. American teenagers spend less time in school or working and more time on leisure activities—which include playing sports, s... | [
{
"answer": "less",
"question": "Do American teenagers spend more or less time in shool than adolescents in other countires?"
},
{
"answer": "more",
"question": "Do American teenagers spend more or less time on leisure activities than adolescents in other countries?"
},
{
"answer": "vari... |
6,841 | Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less... | [
{
"answer": "low",
"question": "Is teenage alcohol drug use at al all-time high or low?"
},
{
"answer": "marijuana",
"question": "Do teens smoke marijuana or cigarettes more commonly?"
},
{
"answer": "male",
"question": "Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigare... |
6,842 | Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canad... | [
{
"answer": "uniform",
"question": "Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures?"
},
{
"answer": "Social engagement and personal enjoyment",
"question": "What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts?"
},
{
"answer": "7%"... |
6,843 | A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this ... | [
{
"answer": "adolescence",
"question": "The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what?"
},
{
"answer": "nearly a decade",
"question": "How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?"
},
{
"answer": "varies drastically by culture",
"question": "Does... |
6,844 | The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsi... | [
{
"answer": "independence",
"question": "Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence?"
},
{
"answer": "different ages",
"question": "Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of respon... |
6,845 | Facial hair in males normally appears in a specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 to 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of... | [
{
"answer": "between 14 to 17 years of age",
"question": "When do the first facial hairs present in pubescent males?"
},
{
"answer": "2–4 years after puberty",
"question": "For how long does facial hair continue to get darker, coarser, and thicker?"
},
{
"answer": "corners of the upper l... |
6,846 | The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the ti... | [
{
"answer": "females",
"question": "Do males or females experience growth spurts first?"
},
{
"answer": "two years later",
"question": "How much later on average do males experience their growth spurt?"
},
{
"answer": "4 inches (10.3 cm) a year",
"question": "What is the growth rate ... |
6,847 | Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. How... | [
{
"answer": "increases",
"question": "Does the amount of white matter in the brain increase or decrease over the course of adolescence?"
},
{
"answer": "inverted-U pattern",
"question": "Does the amount of grey matter in the brain increase linearly or follow an inverted-U pattern over the course... |
6,848 | Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural... | [
{
"answer": "Piaget",
"question": "Who describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form?"
},
{
"answer": "executive functions",
"question": "What is another term for congitive skills that enable the control and coordination of th... |
6,849 | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits ... | [
{
"answer": "adolescents",
"question": "Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively?"
},
{
"answer": "nine",
"question": "Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm?"
},
{
"answer": "higher-order",
"question": "Are puns... |
6,850 | Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are mor... | [
{
"answer": "risky behavior",
"question": "Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what?"
},
{
"answer": "both",
"question": "Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action?"
},
{
"answer": "adolescents",
"question": "Do adole... |
6,851 | Further distinctions in self-concept, called "differentiation," occur as the adolescent recognizes the contextual influences on their own behavior and the perceptions of others, and begin to qualify their traits when asked to describe themselves. Differentiation appears fully developed by mid-adolescence. Peaking in th... | [
{
"answer": "by mid-adolescence",
"question": "When does differentiation appear fully developed?"
},
{
"answer": "distress",
"question": "Does the recognition of inconsistent content in one's self-concept typically bring distress or peace to an adolescent?"
},
{
"answer": "differentiatio... |
6,852 | In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage... | [
{
"answer": "1989",
"question": "In what year did Troiden propose a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity?"
},
{
"answer": "sensitization",
"question": "What is Troiden's first stage of development known as?"
},
{
"answer": "childhood",
"question": "When ... |
6,853 | During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; sibli... | [
{
"answer": "increases",
"question": "Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence?"
},
{
"answer": "increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth",
"question": "When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible?"
},
{
"answ... |
6,854 | Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they m... | [
{
"answer": "small",
"question": "Do adolescents associate with \"cliques\" on a large or small scale?"
},
{
"answer": "help adolescents become socially acclimated and form a stronger sense of identity",
"question": "What are the positive effects that cliques may have on an adolescent?"
},
{... |
6,855 | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | [
{
"answer": "10-45%",
"question": "What percentage of adolescents reporting having experienced physical violence in a relationship?"
},
{
"answer": "a quarter to a third",
"question": "What percentage of adolescents reported experiencing psychological aggression?"
},
{
"answer": "Physica... |
6,856 | The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior. For instance, adolescents in certain ... | [
{
"answer": "positive",
"question": "Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others?"
},
{
"answer": "self-care tasks and family-care tasks",
"question": "How are household chores frequently ... |
6,857 | Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or ... | [
{
"answer": "interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments",
"question": "Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system?"
},
{
"answer": "Adolescence",
"question": "The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority i... |
6,858 | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | [
{
"answer": "more than three-quarters",
"question": "What percentage of adolescent homes have access to the internet?"
},
{
"answer": "90%",
"question": "What percentage of adolescents use the internet at least occasionally?"
},
{
"answer": "greatly increased",
"question": "In the la... |
6,859 | At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth intervent... | [
{
"answer": "a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences",
"question": "What is DIS?"
},
{
"answer": "drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities",
"question": "What are some of the negative things adolescents are suscep... |
6,860 | Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug no... | [
{
"answer": "the substance use of friends and other classmates",
"question": "What does the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped by?"
},
{
"answer": "addictive nature of cigarettes",
"question": "What is one possible reasoning behind many students choosing to continue their... |
6,861 | The age of consent to sexual activity varies widely between jurisdictions, ranging from 12 to 20 years, as does the age at which people are allowed to marry. Specific legal ages for adolescents that also vary by culture are enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with paren... | [
{
"answer": "12 to 20 years",
"question": "What is the range of consentual age variance between jurisdictions?"
},
{
"answer": "No",
"question": "Is the age that peope are allowed to marry universally decided upon?"
},
{
"answer": "enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of... |
6,862 | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | [
{
"answer": "desert",
"question": "What type of land is Antarctica considered to be?"
},
{
"answer": "200 mm (8 in)",
"question": "What is Antarctica's annual precipitation along the coast?"
},
{
"answer": "−63 °C (−81 °F)",
"question": "What is Antarctica's average temperature durin... |
6,863 | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | [
{
"answer": "the Andes mountain range of South America",
"question": "What does West Antarctica most resemble geologically?"
},
{
"answer": "by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments",
"question": "How was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?"
},
{
"answer": "late Paleozoic and the earl... |
6,864 | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | [
{
"answer": "Australia",
"question": "What country was given the name Terra Australis instead of Antarctica?"
},
{
"answer": "Explorer Matthew Flinders",
"question": "Who was credited with popularizing the use of name Terra Australis to Australia?"
},
{
"answer": "1814",
"question": ... |
6,865 | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | [
{
"answer": "Census of Marine Life",
"question": "Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?"
},
{
"answer": "International Polar Year",
"question": "When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?"
},
{
"answer": "235",
"question": "How many sea animals li... |
6,866 | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | [
{
"answer": "Ernest Shackleton",
"question": "What explorer led the Nimrod Expedition into Antarctica?"
},
{
"answer": "Edgeworth David",
"question": "Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus?"
},
{
"answer": "Douglas Mawson",
"question": "Who led the return expedition to find t... |
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