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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795) | [
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... | p_4600 | The royal election of 1764 resulted in the elevation of Stanisław August Poniatowski, a refined and worldly aristocrat connected to a major magnate faction, but hand-picked and imposed by Empress Catherine II of Russia, who expected Poniatowski to be her obedient follower. The King accordingly spent his reign torn between his desire to implement reforms necessary to save the state, and his perceived necessity of remaining in subordinate relationship with his Russian sponsors. The Bar Confederation of 1768 was a szlachta rebellion directed against Russia and the Polish king, fought to preserve Poland's independence and in support of szlachta's traditional causes. It was brought under control and followed in 1772 by the First Partition of the Commonwealth, a permanent encroachment on the outer Commonwealth provinces by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria. The "Partition Sejm" under duress "ratified" the partition fait accompli. In 1773 the Sejm established the Commission of National Education, a pioneering in Europe government education authority.
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2017–18 Providence Friars men's basketball team | [
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... | p_4601 | The 2017–18 Providence Friars men's basketball team represented Providence College in the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Friars, led by seventh-year head coach Ed Cooley, played their home games at the Dunkin' Donuts Center as members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 21–14, 10–8 in Big East play to finish in a three-way tie for third place. As the No. 5 seed in the Big East Tournament, they defeated Creighton and No. 1-seeded Xavier in back-to-back overtime games to advance to the championship game. In a third straight overtime game, the Friars fell to Villanova in the championship game. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 10 seed in the West region where they lost to Texas A&M in the First Round.
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Archaeornithomimus | [
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"target": "Inner Mongolia"
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... | p_4602 | In 1923, during the American Museum of Natural History expedition by Roy Chapman Andrews to Inner Mongolia, Peter Kaisen discovered numerous theropod remains in three quarries. These were named and shortly described by Charles Whitney Gilmore in 1933 as a new species of Ornithomimus: Ornithomimus asiaticus. The specific name refers to the Asian provenance. The species was placed in the new genus Archaeornithomimus by Dale Russell in 1972, making Archaeornithomimus asiaticus the type species of the genus. The generic name combines that of Ornithomimus with a Greek ἀρχαῖος (archaios), "ancient", because Russell mistakenly believed that the layers Archaeornithomimus was found in dated to the Cenomanian-Turonian, about 95 million years old, making it one of the oldest ornithomimids known at the time. Gilmore had not assigned a holotype specimen; in 1990 David Smith and Peter Galton in the first comprehensive description of the fossils, choose specimen AMNH 6565, a foot, as the lectotype.
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Cinema of Germany | [
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"targ... | p_4603 | One of the main film genres associated with the Weimar Republic cinema is German Expressionism which was inspired by the expressionist movement in art. Expressionist movies relied heavily on symbolism and artistic imagery rather than stark realism to tell their stories. Given the grim mood in post-WWI, it was not surprising that these films focused heavily on crime and horror. The film usually credited with sparking the popularity of expressionism is Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), produced by Erich Pommer. The film tells the story of a demented hypnotist who is using a sleepwalker to perform a series of murders. The film featured a dark and twisted visual style - the set was unrealistic with geometric images painted on the floor and shapes in light and shadow cast on walls, the acting was exaggerated and the costumes bizarre. These stylistic elements became trademarks of this cinematic movement. Other notable works of Expressionism are Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's Nosferatu (1922), Carl Boese and Paul Wegener's (1920) and Metropolis (1927) directed by Fritz Lang. The Expressionist movement began to wane during the mid-1920s, but perhaps the fact that its main creators moved to Hollywood, California, allowed this style to remain influential in world cinema for years to come, particularly in American horror films and film noir and in the works of European directors such as Jean Cocteau and Ingmar Bergman.
| [
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John Norton (soldier) | [
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... | p_4604 | Norton's first assignment out of West Point was to 12th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division as a company commander. He then returned to Infantry School in the fall of 1942 to attend the Battalion Commander and Staff Officers Course and the Parachute Course. Following his completion of the course, he reported to the 82nd Airborne Division in North Africa. He was soon promoted to executive officer of the 2d Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment. Two months later, he was again promoted, to S-3 (operations officer) of the Regiment. He made his first of four combat jumps as an executive officer, participating in the Invasion of Sicily. After returning to North Africa, he made a second combat jump into Salerno, Italy, blocking German forces who were trying to attack US amphibious forces. His third jump was in support of the Invasion of Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. In July of that year, he assumed command of the 3d Battalion; he was promoted the next month to G3 of the 82d Airborne Division. Norton made his fourth combat jump in September, in the Netherlands to take control of the bridges from the Dutch border to Arnhem as part of Operation Market Garden.
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J. D. Barker | [
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... | p_4605 | Barker was born January 7, 1971 in Lombard, Illinois and spent the first fourteen years of his life in Crystal Lake, Illinois. At fourteen, Barker’s family relocated to Englewood, Florida. He attended Lemon Bay High School and graduated in 1989. He enrolled at the Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale where he later obtained a degree in business. While in college, a writing assignment found its way into the hands of Paul Gallotta of Circus Magazine. Gallotta reached out to Barker and asked him to join the staff of 25th Parallel (magazine) where he worked alongside the man who would later become Marilyn Manson. Assignments dropped him into the center of pop culture and by 1991 Barker branched out, interviewing celebrities for the likes of Seventeen, TeenBeat, and other national and local publications. In 1992, Barker syndicated a small newspaper column called Revealed which centered around the investigation of haunted places and supernatural occurrences. He began work as a ghost writer and book doctor, helping other authors for publication. Barker cites Stephen King, Dean Koontz, John Saul, and Neil Gaiman among his influences.
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Patrick Lin (cinematographer) | [
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"target": "Up (2009 film... | p_4606 | Lin has worked at Pixar since he first joined in September 1997 as a layout artist on A Bug's Life (1998). He was the director of photography on The Incredibles (2004) and Up (2009), and a lead layout artist on Monsters, Inc. (2001) and Ratatouille (2007). He was also a contributing layout artist on Brave (2012) and Monsters University (2013). In 2015, Lin was the cinematographer on Pixar's Inside Out; his full credited title was "director of photography – camera and staging". On Inside Out, he pioneered Pixar's first use of a virtual camera lens based on an actual camera lens, so that the animation appears to be filmed on an actual camera. He later served as a layout artist on The Good Dinosaur (2015) and director of photography on Toy Story 4 (2019). In total, he has worked on over twenty Pixar projects, including feature films and short films.
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Aaron Pierre | [
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"target": "EFL Leagu... | p_4607 | Pierre was born in Southall, London. He started his career in the youth system at Fulham, but was released in 2011. Pierre (along with former Fulham youth teammates Jonathan Cosgrove, Albert Owusu-Ansah and Michael Kamau) joined League One side Brentford on trial in April 2011 and was the only one of the four to earn a contract. Pierre was made part of the Development Squad for its inaugural season in 2011–12. He made his professional debut for the Bees on 4 December 2012, in a 2–1 defeat to Southend United in the Football League Trophy, coming on as a substitute for Jake Bidwell. Pierre was an unused substitute on four further occasions during the 2012–13 season. Towards the end of the campaign, Pierre spent a period training with Brentford's Icelandic partner club UMF Selfoss. Pierre was the leading appearance-maker for the Development Squad in the 2012–13 season, making 19 starts and scoring two goals, in addition to his solitary first team appearance. On 20 June 2013, he signed a new one-year contract which will tie him to the club until the summer of 2014. He made his first appearance of the 2013–14 season on 27 August 2013, coming on at half time for Scott Barron in a 5–0 League Cup defeat away at Derby County. His second appearance came in a 5–3 Football League Trophy first round win over AFC Wimbledon the following week, again replacing Scott Barron at half time. Pierre was made available for loan in October 2013 and attracted interest from Conference Premier clubs Aldershot Town and Cambridge United. Pierre was again made available for loan in February 2014, but expressed a desire to open talks over a new contract the following month. Though he spent portions of the 2013–14 season out on loan, Pierre finished the campaign with two first team appearances and 12 Development Squad appearances. In early May, it was reported that Pierre had been offered a new contract, after impressing in his loan spells away from Griffin Park during the 2013–14 season. On 16 May, it was reported that Pierre turned down the contract offer and left the club. He made three first team appearances during his three years with the Bees.
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Timothy Woodbridge | [
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"in... | p_4608 | Timothy Woodbridge (February 27, 1709 – May 10, 1774) was an American missionary, deacon and schoolteacher, later a judge, representative, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, from Springfield, Massachusetts, who spent most of his adult life in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, teaching the Mahicans and other Native Americans to read and write, English customs and the Christian religion. About him, Jonathan Edwards said, "By his long-proved justice and integrity, he has gained a vast esteem with the Indians". Reverend John Sergeant described his efforts in this way: "Mr. Woodbridge ... has a very numerous school and a tedious task of it; lives a very lonesome life; is indeed indefatigable in his business; and no body deserves more of the publick than he." Gideon Hawley called him "a man of abilities... always poor, and had a powerful party against him; but he rose to be the first man in the county." Timothy worked very closely with all three men. He was instrumental in the purchase of large tracts of land in western New England from the Native Americans, such as modern-day Lenox and Alford, Massachusetts, by parlaying this reputation and experience.
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The Cars discography | [
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... | p_4609 | Their third album, Panorama, was released in 1980. Although it peaked at number 5 on the Billboard 200 and has been certified Platinum, it was less commercially successful than its predecessors. A single, "Touch and Go", peaked at number 37 on the Billboard Hot 100. Their next album, Shake It Up (1981), fared better commercially, going platinum by the end of the year and spawning their first Top 10 single with its title track. 1984's Heartbeat City was the band's most successful, hitting number 3 on the Billboard 200. Its lead single, "You Might Think", reached number 7 in the US, with three more singles: "Magic", "Drive", and "Hello Again" reaching number 12, 3, and 20, respectively on the Billboard Hot 100. Their Greatest Hits album, released later that year, contained the singles "Tonight She Comes" and a remixed version of "I'm Not the One", and has gone 6x platinum. Their final album before their breakup, Door to Door (1987), spawned the single "You Are the Girl" which reached number 17 on the Hot 100; it was their last Top 40 hit as a band.
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Ioan Kalinderu | [
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]... | p_4610 | Born in Bucharest on December 28 or 29, 1840, his father was Lazăr (Lazaros) Kalenderoglu (or Calenderoglu). Of possible Smyrniote origin, the family functioned as one of the largest banking and exporting institutions in Wallachia, and then in the United Principalities. Lazăr had risen into the ranks of Wallachia's boyar nobility: joining the Bucharest local government in 1838, 1844, and 1847, he was awarded the title of pitar, advancing to paharnic in the 1850s. His son would later falsely claim that the Kalenderoglus played a part in the Wallachian Revolution of 1848, although Lazăr is known to have held relevant positions in the National Party in 1857, briefly serving as its chairman alongside Constantin A. Crețulescu. The last-ever tenant and tax collector of Predeal customs, Kalenderoglu had his estate in Olt County, outside Colonești, reduced during the land reform of 1864. Another of his estates, at Bălcești, was repurchased by the Bălcescu boyars. However, he still left Ioan the manor of Schitu-Greci.
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Liguria | [
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"... | p_4611 | The value of trade routes through Genoa to the Near East declined during the Age of Discovery, when Portuguese explorers discovered routes to Asia around the Cape of Good Hope. The international crises of the seventeenth century, which ended for Genoa with the 1684 bombardment by Louis XIV’s fleet, restored French influence over the republic. Consequently, the Ligurian territory was crossed by the Piedmontese and Austrian armies when these two states came into conflict with France. Austria occupied Genoa in 1746, but the Habsburg troops were driven away by a popular insurrection. Napoleon's first Italian campaign marked the end of the oligarchic Genoese state, which was transformed into the Ligurian Republic, modelled on the French Republic. After the union of Oneglia and Loano (1801), Liguria was annexed to the French Empire (1805) and divided by Napoleon into three departments: Montenotte (department), with capital Savona, Gênes, with capital Genoa and the department of the Apennines, with the capital Chiavari.
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The Fleur de Lys | [
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"target": "Single (music)"
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"target": "Beat mu... | p_4612 | The Fleur de Lys (initially Les Fleur de Lys [sic]) were a British band originally formed in late 1964, in Southampton, Hampshire, England. They recorded singles beginning in 1965 in the transitional Beat to psychedelic music genre, later known as freakbeat. The band had varied line-ups; only drummer Keith Guster was a member throughout their history. They finally disbanded in 1969. Keyboardist Pete Sears went on to play with Sam Gopal Dream, and recorded on four early Rod Stewart albums including "Every Picture Tells a Story", and was a founding member of Jefferson Starship, going on to playing with Hot Tuna for ten years, and working with artists like John Lee Hooker, Dr. John, and Harvey Mandel, . Bassist Gordon Haskell would eventually replace Greg Lake in King Crimson before going on a successful solo career. Guitarist Bryn Haworth would move to the States and record an unreleased album under the name Wolfgang with a band including acclaimed bassist Leland Sklar. He would record solo albums in the 1970s for Island Records and A&M Records, before continuing his solo career on Contemporary Christian Music labels.
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East India Company | [
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"target": "Mauritius"
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"target": "East Indiaman"
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"target": "Napoleonic W... | p_4613 | During the wars against the French and their allies in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the East India Company's armies were used to seize the colonial possessions of other European nations, including the islands of Réunion and Mauritius. Many East India ships were seized by the French based on these islands during the Napoleonic Wars. They were taken by the British in a hard fought campaign by 1811 and the French threat defeated. In the middle of 1809 the Colonial Governor of India, the 1st Earl of Minto wanted to conquer the lucrative Dutch owned Spice islands famous for nutmeg, mace and cloves. For the EIC the occupation of these islands meant not only a curtailment of Dutch and French trade and power in the East Indies but also an equivalent gain to the company of the rich trade in spice. In 1810 the islands including Banda Neira, Ambon and Ternate fell to a British invasion with little loss. The following year Java fell to the British which completed the conquest of the Dutch East Indies. Minto appointed Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles as lieutenant governor of Java. The British held on to the islands until the end of the war - the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 meant that they were handed back to the Dutch. The EIC nevertheless had uprooted a lot of the spice trees for transplantation throughout the British Empire. By the 1790's the EIC had established a number of spice gardens in Penang; by 1815 the gardens had significantly expanded to 13,000 nutmeg trees and as many as 20,000 clove trees.
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Thor (Marvel Comics) | [
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"target": "A... | p_4614 | Defeating the aliens, Thor shares a double life with his alter ego: treating the ill in a private practice with nurse – and eventual love – Jane Foster, and defending humanity from evil. Thor's presence on Earth almost immediately attracts the attention of his adoptive brother and enemy Loki. Loki is responsible for the emergence of three of Thor's principal foes: the Absorbing Man; the Destroyer, and the Wrecker. On one occasion, Loki's tactics were accidentally beneficial – although successful in using an illusion of the Hulk to draw Thor into battle, it results in the formation of the superhero team the Avengers, of which Thor is a founding and longstanding member. Thor's other early foes include Zarrko, the Tomorrow Man; the Radioactive Man; the Lava Man; the Cobra; Mister Hyde; the Enchantress and the Executioner, and the Grey Gargoyle.
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Karl Binding | [
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"target": "Criminal la... | p_4615 | In 1860 Binding moved to Göttingen where he studied history and jurisprudence. After a short stay in Heidelberg, where he won a law prize, he moved back to Göttingen to finish his studies. In 1864 he completed his habilitation paper in Latin about Roman criminal law and lectured in criminal law at Heidelberg University. Two years later he was appointed professor of law of state and criminal law and procedure in Basel, Switzerland. In the same year he married Marie Luise Wirsing and published Das burgundisch-romanische Königreich and Entwurf eines Strafgesetzbuches für den Norddeutschen Bund. At this time he also became friends with Johann Jacob Bernoulli - an archaeologist, Jakob Burckhardt - an art historian, and Friedrich Nietzsche - a philosopher. In August 1867 his first son, Rudolf Georg, was born, followed two years later by his second son. Rudolf G Binding later became a famous writer. Karl Binding and his wife were to have one more son and two daughters. In 1869 his family moved to Freiburg, and Binding volunteered to fight in the Franco-Prussian War. Although his lack of military training meant he was unable to serve as a soldier, he was accepted as an orderly and posted to the front, serving in a field hospital. In 1872 he took on a post at the Reichs University in Straßburg. In the same year he moved to Leipzig University, where he was to continue to work for the next 40 years. From 1879 until to 1900 Binding worked in the district court of Leipzig. After becoming Leipzig University's rector and receiving his emeritus, he moved to Freiburg, where his wife died only a few days later at 71 years old. In 1918, during the First World War, Binding left Germany to lecture German soldiers in Macedonia and Bulgarian intellectuals in Sofia.
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"text": "In 1860 Binding moved to Göttingen where he studied history ... |
Latin pop | [
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"target": "United States"
},
{
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"target": "Menudo (band)"
},
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"indices": [
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],
"target": "Music genre"
},
{
"indices": [
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461
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"target": "Tejano... | p_4616 | Latin pop became the most popular form of Latin music in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s, with acts such as Puerto Rican boyband Menudo, even achieving massive crossover success among non-Latino listeners during the late 1990s. While not restricted to America by any means, Latin pop was profoundly affected by production techniques and other styles of music — both Latin and otherwise — that originated primarily in the United States. Tejano music, centered in Texas and the U.S./Mexico border region, had begun to introduce synthesizers, slicker production, and a more urban sensibility to formerly root styles like norteño and conjunto. Moreover, New York and Miami were home to thriving Latin club scenes, which during the 1980s led to the rise of Latin freestyle, a club-oriented dance music that was rooted in Latin rhythms but relied on synthesizers and drum machines for most of its arrangements. Both of these sounds influenced the rise of Latin pop, which retained Latin rhythms in its uptempo numbers but relied more on mainstream pop for its melodic sense.
| [
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"text": "with acts such as Puerto Rican boyband Menudo, even achie... |
Battle of St. Vith | [
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"target": "Blitzkrieg"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "XLVII Panzer Corps"
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277
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"target": "Our (river)"
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{
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281,
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"target": "Ou... | p_4617 | In planning for the actual attack, Manteuffel had divided his 5th Panzer Army into three corps composed of infantry, tanks, and supporting artillery. The main effort, or schwerpunkt, would consist of XLVII Panzer Corps and LVIII Panzer Corps advancing west across the River Our at Ouren from the south or left flank of the German army front. They would then occupy the transportation center of Bastogne, before crossing the Meuse River at Namur. The third group, LXVI Corps, would advance west on either side of the Schnee Eifel. This northernmost, or right wing, element would flank and begin an envelopment of the American forces occupying fortifications on the Schnee Eifel and then converge on the town of Winterspelt. From there, LXVI Corps would cross the Our river and occupy St. Vith on the first day of the attack. LXVI Corps was the weakest of the three corps, with no attached tank division or motor transport, but did include an attached assault gun battalion. The Panzer Lehr Division (Armor Demonstration Division) and the Führer Begleit Brigade (Führer Escort Brigade) were to be held in reserve, with the Führer Begleit only usable with Model's express permission. Manteuffel's preference for the "little slam", or limited solution, was reflected in the absence of planning beyond reaching the Meuse River.
| [
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... |
Heinkel He 46 | [
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{
"indices": [
100,
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"target": "Swept wing"
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{
"indices": [
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486
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"target": "Fairey Swordfish"
},
{
"indices": [
578,
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"target": "Tailplane"... | p_4618 | As designed in 1931, the He 46 was a two-seat sesquiplane of mixed construction. The upper wing was swept back 10°. This is a common trick when a change in an aircraft's design moves the center of gravity to the rear; rather than moving the whole wing back to counter for the shift, it is easier to simply angle the wings back slightly, which requires very little change to the basic design, or even the overall structure of the wing. (The similarly angled wings on the Fairey Swordfish are due to just such a mid-program change to the weight distribution of the aircraft.) The tailplane was mounted high and braced by struts. The undercarriage was fixed, and the tail was fitted with a skid rather than a wheel. The He 46 prototype first flew in late 1931; its flight characteristics were good, but design improvements were incorporated. The small lower wing was removed, while the mainplane was increased in area by 22% and braced to the fuselage, transforming the He 46 into a parasol-wing monoplane. A more powerful engine was added to the second prototype, and a single 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 machine gun for the rear seat was added to the third prototype.
| [
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... |
Palmanova | [
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"indices": [
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{
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"target": "Habsburg Spain"
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{
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"target": "Ottoman Empire"
},
{
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"target"... | p_4619 | On 7 October 1593, the superintendent of the Venetian Republic founded a revolutionary new kind of settlement: Palmanova. The city’s founding date commemorated the victory of the Christian forces (supplied primarily by the Italian states and the Spanish kingdom) over the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, during the War of Cyprus. Also honored on 7 October was Saint Justina, chosen as the city's patron saint. Using all the latest military innovations of the 16th century, this small town was a fortress in the shape of a nine-pointed star, designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi. Between the points of the star, ramparts protruded so that the points could defend each other. A moat surrounded the town, and three large, guarded gates allowed entry. The construction of the first circle, with a total circumference of , took 30 years. Marcantonio Barbaro headed a group of Venetian noblemen in charge of building the town, Marcantonio Martinego was in charge of construction, and Giulio Savorgnan acted as an adviser. A second phase of construction took place between 1658 and 1690, and the outer line of fortifications was completed between 1806 and 1813 under the Napoleonic domination. The final fortress consists of: 9 ravelins, 9 bastions, 9 lunettes, and 18 cavaliers.
| [
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David Guetta | [
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"target": "T... | p_4620 | On 16 June 2009, The Black Eyed Peas released the Guetta-produced "I Gotta Feeling" as their second single from their fifth studio album, The E.N.D.. It became a worldwide hit topping the charts in seventeen countries. It became the most downloaded song of all-time in the United States with almost 7.5 million downloads and in the United Kingdom selling more than 1 million copies. He was nominated twice for his work with The Black Eyed Peas at the 52nd Grammy Awards; in the category Record of the Year for "I Gotta Feeling" and Album of the Year for their album The E.N.D.. In 2010, Guetta co-wrote and produced Kelly Rowland's "Commander" from her third album Here I Am. It peaked at number one on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart in the United States, and reached top ten positions in Belgium and the United Kingdom. Guetta has also co-produced "Forever and a Day", which was Kelly's next UK single from that album. Guetta also produced the singles "Acapella" and "Scream" for American singer-songwriter Kelis's fifth studio album, Flesh Tone, released on 14 May 2010. "Acapella" was released as the lead single on 23 February 2010 and topped the dance charts in the United Kingdom and United States. On 28 June 2010 American rapper Flo Rida released the single "Club Can't Handle Me" featuring Guetta. The song is included on the soundtrack album to the American 3D dance film Step Up 3D and Flo Rida's third studio album, Only One Flo (Part 1).
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Raveena Tandon filmography | [
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"target": "Salman Khan"
},
{
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"target": "Patthar Ke Ph... | p_4621 | Raveena Tandon is an Indian actress known for her work in Hindi films. She made her debut opposite Salman Khan in the 1991 Patthar Ke Phool, which earned her a Filmfare Award for New Face of the Year. This was followed by a series of unsuccessful films, including Ek Hi Raasta (1993) and Parampara (1993). In 1994, she appeared in eight Hindi films, most of them were commercial successes. Among these were two of the top-grossing films the romantic musical drama Dilwale and the action drama Mohra. The success of the latter marked a turning point in her career, establishing Tandon as a leading actress in Hindi cinema. The same year, her performance in the drama Laadla, earned her a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other film was the comedy Andaz Apna Apna, which though initially a box office disappointment, attained cult status over the years.
| [
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"indice... |
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim | [
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"target": "Lieutenant general"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Tsar"
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{
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154,
165
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"target": "Ni... | p_4622 | Mannerheim made a career in the Imperial Russian Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He also had a prominent place in the ceremonies for Tsar Nicholas II's coronation and later had several private meetings with the Tsar. After the Bolshevik revolution, Finland declared its independence but was soon embroiled in civil war between the pro-Bolshevik "Reds" and the "Whites", who were the troops of the Senate of Finland, supported by troops of the German Empire. Mannerheim was appointed the military chief of the Whites. Twenty years later, when Finland was twice at war with the Soviet Union from November 1939 until September 1944, Mannerheim successfully led the defence of Finland as commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. In 1944, when the prospect of Germany's defeat in World War II became clear, Mannerheim was elected President of Finland and oversaw peace negotiations with the Soviet Union and the UK. He resigned the presidency in 1946 and died in 1951.
| [
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"... |
Terri Gibbs | [
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"target": "Augusta, Georgia"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Grovetown, Georgia"
... | p_4623 | Gibbs was born in Miami, Florida, but raised in the Augusta, Georgia, suburb of Grovetown. Although born with eyesight, she lost it as a newborn due to an incubator accident. Despite her blindness, she learned to play piano at age three. As a child, she sang in the church choir and at talent contests, and at age seventeen, she opened for Bill Anderson. Her parents wanted her to be treated no differently from sighted people and she was sent to public school, graduating from Butler High School in Augusta in 1972. She performed in and around the Augusta area and eventually, she met Chet Atkins, who advised her to move to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue a country music career, which she did at age eighteen. After failing to find a record deal, she returned to Miami and joined a band called Sound Dimension. She continued to perform locally, later forming a band called the Terri Gibbs Trio, which performed at a Steak and Ale in Augusta, Georgia. Gibbs then sent a demo tape to record producer Ed Penney of MCA Records, signing to the label in 1980. Penney was a former Boston disc jockey and a long-time songwriter. He liked her voice on her demo, but felt she needed stronger material. He co-wrote "Somebody's Knockin'" for her and also produced the song.
| [
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... |
Mike Bithell | [
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{
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121
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"target": "Blitz Games"
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{
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"target"... | p_4624 | Bithell independently developed an early version of the Thomas Was Alone video game in 2010 while working for Blitz Games, where he was a junior designer, and later a level designer on games such as Tak and the Guardians of Gross, , iCarly (video_game) and , from 2007 to 2011. He developed the prototype game in 24 hours and released it for free online through the Kongregate website, receiving 100,000 'plays' in the first week. He joined Bossa Studios in February 2011, working to expand the flash-based Thomas to a full title and learning how to use the Unity engine in his time there. The full game was released on 30 June 2012 and went on to sell over a million copies, winning a BAFTA at the 9th British Academy Games Awards in the "Best Performer" category (for narrator Danny Wallace) and receiving a further two nominations ("Best Original Music" and "Best Story"). He left Bossa in January 2013 to "concentrate on indie development". He since worked on a Robin Hood-based stealth game named Volume, which was released on 18 August 2015 for Windows, OS X, and PlayStation 4 and Vita platforms. In 2016, Bithell released EarthShape, a virtual reality game for Google Daydream. Bithell collaborated with composer Russell Shaw and animator Tim Borelli on the project. The game featured voice acting from British comedian Sue Perkins. In August 2017, Bithell released a new game Subsurface Circular, a first of what he calls "Bithell Shorts" that are designed as short, focused narrative games. In May 2018, Bithell released another short titled Quarantine Circular.
| [
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],
... |
Robert Hugh McWilliams Jr. | [
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},
{
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{
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"target": "South High School (Denver)"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Denv... | p_4625 | Born in Salina, Kansas, McWilliams graduated from South High School in Denver, Colorado, then received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Denver in 1938 and a Bachelor of Laws from the Sturm College of Law at the University of Denver in 1941. From 1941 to 1942, he was deputy district attorney of Denver. In addition, McWilliams was a special agent of the Office of Naval Intelligence from 1942 to 1945. He was in the United States Army as a Sergeant in the Office of Strategic Services from 1945 to 1946. He was district attorney of Denver from 1946 to 1949. From 1949 to 1952, McWilliams was in private practice in Denver. He served as a judge of the Municipal Court in Denver from 1949 to 1952. From 1952 to 1961, he was a judge of the Second Judicial District in the City of Denver and Denver County. He served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Colorado from 1961 to 1970.
| [
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{
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Fascism in Africa | [
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Louis Weichardt"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
215
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"target": "South African Gentile National Socialist Movement"
},
{
"indices": [
281,
297... | p_4626 | Nazism found an audience in the country, with pro-Nazi elements organised by Louis Weichardt in 1932 under the name South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, a group that soon became known as the Greyshirts. Although the group enjoyed some support and continued after the Second World War they never became sufficiently important for the government to take action against them. The other main fascist group was the Ossewabrandwag (OB), founded in 1939, a group also inspired by Adolf Hitler. The two differed however as the Greyshirts emphasised Aryan race rhetoric and so organised amongst the various white immigrant communities whilst the OB were specifically for Afrikaner only. A third, more minor group, the New Order, emerged in 1940 under the leadership of former cabinet minister Oswald Pirow. After the Second World War Pirow became an important figure in neo-fascism, working closely with Oswald Mosley, Nation Europa and A. F. X. Baron. Nazi Germany sought to encourage such activity with former Olympic boxer Robey Leibbrandt active as an agent for the Abwehr during the war. The Nazi Party itself also organised until it was outlawed in 1936.
| [
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Stop Genocide | [
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"target": "Vladimir Lenin"
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{
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{
"indices": [
167,
172
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"target": "Shot (filmmaking)"
},
{
"indices": [
380,
... | p_4627 | The documentary starts by quoting Lenin from The Right of Nations to Self-Determination. A sketch of Lenin appears at the beginning, and then a series of long and mid shots delineate a peaceful country life. But soon gunshots and turbulence replaces the tranquility. The next few shots portray the plunder, fire, wreckage, killings committed by Pakistan Army. The preamble of the United Nations Charter is mentioned several times. A series of still photos create some of the sequences that show the bombing of US Air force in Vietnam and its aftermath. The Dateline shows Saigon of 20 July. Bomber B-52 and a burnt Vietnamese child are seen. The focus switches from Saigon to Bongaon, India. Processions of refugees make a few sequences. A picture of struggling, distressing life of homeless, helpless, frightened refugees follows. Some of the refugees are seen looking for shelter in refugee camps while not an inch of any camp can accommodate them. Next appears a series of long shots taken from pictures of raped women, destroyed buildings and heaps of dead bodies. Alternating appearances of Hitler, pictures of Nazis, the massacre by Nazis, piles of dead bodies nearby German prison camps, refugee camps in India, heaps of dead bodies in the streets of Bangladesh, fire, wreckage in towns and villages makes the next few scenes. Numerous corpses are seen in rivers, streets, paddy fields, under the trees and on green, long grass. Shots after shots illustrate the sufferings of refugees. An old woman talks to an inquirer. The camera focuses a group of armed guerrilla returning from an operation. Soon they disappear in the woods. Camps of freedom fighters and the camp commandant appear. The commandant gives an interview. He talks about the war, the reason behind the war, the moral strength and confidence they own. The documentary ends with the word STOP occupying full frame.
| [
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... |
Jason Bay | [
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"target": "New York Yankees"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Strikeout"
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{
"indices": [
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"target... | p_4628 | Bay got off to a slow start to the 2012 season, finishing spring training with no home runs or RBI, and his regular season, which was derailed further by a broken rib suffered while making a diving catch in the April 23 game against the San Francisco Giants. When Bay returned from the DL on June 8, 2012 against the New York Yankees, he went 0-for-3 with one strikeout. He continued to go 0-for-16 in his return from the DL through June 12, before hitting a single on June 13 against the Tampa Bay Rays. In a home game against the Cincinnati Reds on June 15, Bay left the game in the second inning after crashing into the left field wall and suffering a concussion while attempting to catch a fly ball by Jay Bruce that became an inside-the-park home run. He was subsequently placed on the DL again, and returned again on July 17 against the Washington Nationals. On September 2, Bay hit a grand slam off of Miami Marlins pitcher Mark Buehrle in the first inning of a 5–2 Mets win. Bay also hit a home run off of Buehrle on September 22 in a 4–3 Mets win. Bay finished the 2012 season with a .165 batting average, 8 home runs and 20 RBI.
| [
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... |
J. B. Adams | [
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"target": "Oklahoma City"
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"target": "Oklahoma City University"
},
{
"indices": [
339,
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"target": "N... | p_4629 | J.B. Adams (born September 29, 1954) is an American character stage and film actor, director, and singer. He has credits in film, television and, most notably, musical theatre. Originally from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, he attended Oklahoma City University, where he studied voice, piano, opera, and musical theatre, after which he became a New York-based Broadway actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the Broadway productions of Beauty and the Beast (as Maurice, the father), Annie (as Rooster/Drake/Bert Healy/FDR), Parade (as Luther Rosser), Me And My Girl (as Sir Jasper), Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (as Grandpa Potts), and Elf: The Musical (as Santa). He played the role of Morris Farnsworth in the film Far From Heaven, as well as originating the same role in the Off-Broadway musical adaptation (2013). On TV and the web, he has played Santa for Verizon FiOS and has had guest starring roles on and The Michael J. Fox Show.
| [
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"indices": [
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"text": "he attended Oklahoma City University, where he studied ... |
Judy Garland | [
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"indices": [
226,
240
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"target": "A Star Is Born (1954 film)"
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"indices": [
269,
292
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"target": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress"
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{
... | p_4630 | Although her film career became intermittent thereafter, two of Garland's most critically acclaimed performances came late in her career: she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in A Star Is Born (1954) and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961). She also made record-breaking concert appearances, released eight studio albums, and hosted her own Emmy-nominated television series, The Judy Garland Show (1963–1964). At age 39, Garland became the youngest and first female recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the film industry. In 1997, Garland was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and in 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the 10 greatest female stars of classic American cinema.
| [
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"text": "she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best ... |
Izzy Slapawitz | [
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"indices": [
29,
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},
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"target": "New York (state)"
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"target": "WWE"
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{
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"target": "Fan club"
},
{... | p_4631 | Smith was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He became a wrestling fan in the late 1950s. A childhood friend claimed that they were the first wrestling fans to bring signs to local World Wide Wrestling Federation house shows. Around 1971, Smith also co-founded an unofficial fan club for Freddie Blassie with members wearing homemade "Blassie's Army" T-shirts. As a teenager, Smith had an altercation with Kevin Sullivan while attending a live event at Sunnyside Gardens. Sullivan had been hit with an unknown object at the end of his bout against Davey O'Hannon. Smith, who often cheered for the "heel" wrestlers, had been heckling Sullivan (then a "babyface") throughout the night causing the wrestler to believe that Smith was responsible. The young wrestling fan was brought to the dressing room by building security after the match where he was confronted by Sullivan, Gorilla Monsoon and Arnold Skaaland. Smith denied any wrongdoing and was allowed to leave. Smith continued watching wrestling after moving to Knoxville, Tennessee in the mid-1970s. He eventually met Norvell Austin at a Southeastern Championship Wrestling. Austin later introduced Smith to Rick Conner who agreed to train him.
| [
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"end": 644,
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... |
Mark Downes | [
{
"indices": [
26,
36
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"target": "Shropshire County Cricket Club"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
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},
{
"indices": [
78,
88
],
"target": "Cumberland County Cricket Club"
},
{
"indices": [
108,... | p_4632 | Downes made his debut for Shropshire in the 1999 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Downes has played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1999 to present, which has included 15 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 14 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Devon in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. He made 4 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 42 runs at an average of 10.50, with a high score of 16. With the ball, he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 38.33, with best figures of 2/39.
| [
{
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{
"indices": [
0,
89
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"text": "Downes made his debut for Shropshire in the 1999 MCCA Knocko... |
Sport in Finland | [
{
"indices": [
73,
86
],
"target": "Nordic skiing"
},
{
"indices": [
156,
169
],
"target": "Veli Saarinen"
},
{
"indices": [
184,
191
],
"target": "Winter Olympic Games"
},
{
"indices": [
207,
225
],
"target"... | p_4633 | Finland has always produced successful competitors in the disciplines of nordic skiing. Championship-winning male cross-country skiers from Finland include Veli Saarinen (winner of an Olympic gold and three World Championship titles in the 1920s and 1930s), Veikko Hakulinen (who won three Olympic and three World Championship golds in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as a World Championship silver medal in biathlon) and Juha Mieto (who won an Olympic gold medal in 1976 and two overall FIS Cross-Country World Cups). Among female athletes, Marjo Matikainen-Kallström won a gold at the 1988 Winter Olympics, three World Championships and three overall World Cups and Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi won three golds at both the Olympics and World Championships and two overall World Cup titles.
| [
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{
"indices": [
419,
468
],
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"text": "Juha Mieto (who won an Olympic gold medal in 1976"
... |
British Caledonian in the 1970s | [
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234,
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},
{
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255,
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{
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266,
271
],
"target": "Ibiza"
},
{
"indices": [
273,
279
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"target": "Málaga"
},
{
... | p_4634 | In addition to withdrawing from the prestigious long-haul routes to New York and Los Angeles after only 18 months, other specific measures the airline took at the time to ensure its survival included dropping all scheduled flights to Belfast, Copenhagen, Gibraltar, Ibiza, Málaga, Palma de Mallorca and Tunis, indefinitely suspending scheduled services on the Glasgow—Southampton route as well as cutting the number of frequencies on the Gatwick—Glasgow and Gatwick—Edinburgh routes from six to four daily round trips. Two surplus aircraft were leased out to Air Malta and Austrian Airlines respectively for the duration of the 1975 summer timetable period. Another aircraft was stationed at West Berlin's Tegel Airport during the month of July of that year to fulfill a short-term charter contract to carry Turkish migrant workers to and from Istanbul on behalf of a local tour operator. BCal also decided to increase its 707 freighter fleet from one to four aircraft and to acquire a five-seater Piper Aztec to serve the rapidly growing executive charter market. These changes left BCal with 25 operational aircraft for the 1975 summer season. To reduce operating costs further, the airline decided to contract out its scheduled operations between Gatwick and Le Touquet to BIA. The reason for replacing BCal's One-Eleven 200 jet aircraft on this route with that airline's Herald turboprops at the beginning of the 1975 summer timetable period was the high price of jet fuel, which had made BCal's own jet aircraft operations uneconomic.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 1587,
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"text": "Boeing 720Bs"
},
{
"end": 3372,
"passage": "austrian airlines",
"start": 3352,
"text": "Vickers Viscount 77... |
John Smeulders | [
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2,
12
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},
{
"indices": [
57,
63
],
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},
{
"indices": [
115,
126
],
"target": "Ray Goddard"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
143
],... | p_4635 | A goalkeeper, Smeulders began his career as a youth with Orient. He was unable to displace the number 1 shirt from Ray Goddard and John Jackson and made just a handful of League Cup appearances before departing the Os in 1979. To revive his stalled career, Smeulders began the first of three spells with Bournemouth in 1979. After failing to break into the first team, Smeulders dropped into non-league football in January 1981 with Trowbridge Town, moving on to Weymouth and then back to Bournemouth in January 1984. This time he did establish himself in the first team, making 75 league appearances and setting a then-club record seven consecutive clean sheets, before moving to Torquay United in 1986. After failing to hold down a first team place and spending time away from Plainmoor on loan, Smeulders returned to Bournemouth for the third time in 1987. He again failed to hold down a regular place and dropped back into non-league football in 1989. Smeulders retired at age 38, due to a damaged knee.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 2331,
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"text": "1881"
}
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"indices": [
... |
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich | [
{
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42,
81
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},
{
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"target": "Earl of Sandwich"
},
{
"indices": [
310,
314
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"target": "Eton College"
},
{
"indices": [
322,
34... | p_4636 | John Montagu was born in 1718, the son of Edward Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke. His father died when John was four, leaving him as his heir. His mother soon remarried and he had little further contact with her. He succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Sandwich in 1729, at the age of ten. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, and spent some time travelling, initially going on the Grand Tour around Continental Europe before visiting the more unusual destinations of Greece, Turkey, and Egypt which were then part of the Ottoman Empire. This led him to later found a number of Orientalist societies. On his return to England in 1739, he took his seat in the House of Lords as a follower of the Duke of Bedford, one of the wealthiest and most powerful politicians of the era. He became a Patriot Whig and one of the sharpest critics of the Walpole government, attacking the government's strategy in the War of the Austrian Succession. Like many Patriot Whigs, Lord Sandwich was opposed to Britain's support of Hanover and strongly opposed the deployment of British troops on the European Continent to protect it, instead arguing that Britain should make greater use of its naval power. He gained attention for his speeches in parliament. His oratory earned him a reputation for clearly setting out his argument even if he lacked natural eloquence.
| [] |
Vin Diesel | [
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{
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},
{
"indices": [
121,
132
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"target": "Ben Affleck"
},
{
"indices": [
188,
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],
"target": ... | p_4637 | In 2000, Diesel had a supporting role in the drama thriller Boiler Room, where he appeared alongside Giovanni Ribisi and Ben Affleck. He got his breakthrough leading role as the anti-hero Riddick in the science-fiction film Pitch Black later that year. Diesel attained action hero stardom with two box office hits: the street racing action film The Fast and the Furious (2001), and the action thriller XXX (2002). He turned down the chance to reprise his roles in the sequels 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) and (2005). Instead he chose to reprise his role as Riddick in The Chronicles of Riddick, which was a box office failure considering the large budget. He also voiced the character in two spin-off video games and the anime film . In a change from his previous action hero roles, in 2005, he played a lighthearted role in the comedy film The Pacifier, which was a box office success.
| [
{
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{
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Mosel (wine region) | [
{
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},
{
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},
{
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162
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"target": "Moselle"
},
{
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166,
179
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"target": "... | p_4638 | Mosel is one of 13 German wine regions (Weinbaugebiete) for quality wines (Qualitätswein, formerly QbA and Prädikatswein), and takes its name from the Mosel River (. Luxembourgish: Musel.). Before 1 August 2007 the region was called Mosel-Saar-Ruwer, but changed to a name that was considered more consumer-friendly. The wine region is Germany's third largest in terms of production but some consider it the leading region in terms of international prestige. The region covers the valleys of the rivers Mosel, Saar, and Ruwer from near the mouth of the Mosel at Koblenz and upstream to the vicinity of Trier in the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The area is known for the steep slopes of the region's vineyards overlooking the river. At 65° degrees incline, the steepest recorded vineyard in the world is the Calmont vineyard located on the Mosel and belonging to the village of Bremm, and therefore referred to as Bremmer Calmont. The Mosel is mainly famous for its wines made from the Riesling grape, but Elbling and Müller-Thurgau also contribute to the production, among others. In the past two decades red wine production, especially from the Spätburgunder (Pinot noir), has increased in the Mosel and throughout the German vignoble and has become of increasing interest to the international wine community. Because of the northerly location of the Mosel, the Riesling wines are often light, tending to lower alcohol, crisp and high in acidity, and often exhibit "flowery" rather than or in addition to "fruity" aromas. Its most common vineyard soil is derived in the main from various kinds of slate deposits, which tend to give the wines a transparent, mineralic aspect, that often exhibit great depth of flavor. In the current era of climate change much work has been done to improve and gain acceptance for completely dry ("Trocken") Rieslings in this region, so that most of the more famous makers have found acceptance for such wines, particularly in Europe.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 518,
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"text": "Elbling"
}
],
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"indices": [
... |
1997–98 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team | [
{
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{
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"target": "University of Michigan"
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{
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130
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"target": "College basketball"
},
{
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142,
... | p_4639 | The 1997–98 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1997–98 season. The team played its home games in the Crisler Arena in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference. Under the direction of head coach Brian Ellerbe, the team finished fourth in the Big Ten Conference. The team emerged victorious in the inaugural 1998 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament. The team earned an invitation to the 1998 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament as a number three seed where it was eliminated in the second round. The team was ranked for twelve of the eighteen weeks of Associated Press Top Twenty-Five Poll, starting the season unranked, peaking at number twelve where it ended the season, and it also ended the season ranked twelve in the final USA Today/CNN Poll. The team had a 4–3 December 13, 1997, against #1 Duke 81–73 at home, December 26, 1997, against #19 Syracuse 93–61 at the Puerto Rico Holiday Classic, Eugene Guerra Sports Complex in San Juan, Puerto Rico, February 1 against #16 Iowa 80–66 on the road, March 8 against #9 76–67 at the 1998 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament at the United Center. The victory over Duke was one of only two victories over the number one ranked team in the country in the history of the school.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 198,
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"text": " Loyola College"
}
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"indices"... |
Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof | [
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92
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{
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119
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},
{
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136,
141
],
"target": "Serer people"
},
{
"indices": [
146,
151
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"target": "Wolof people"
... | p_4640 | Cham Joof was born on 22 October 1924 at 7 Griffith Street (Half-Die) in Bathurst now Banjul, the capital of the Gambia. He came from a Serer and Wolof background. He was the third child and the eldest son of Ebrima Joof (1887–1949) and Aji Anna Samba (1896 – 9 April 1977). On his father's side (the Joof family), he was a descendant of the Joof Dynasty of Sine and Saloum, and the Njie Dynasty of Jolof. On his mother's side, he was the great grand-nephew of Tafsir Sa Lolly Jabou Samba — a 19th-century Senegambian jihadist, military strategists and advisor to Maba Diakhou Bâ and one of the commanders of his army. Cham Joof was the elder brother of Gambian barrister Alhaji Bai Modi Joof.
| [
{
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37
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}
],
"q... |
Tom Harrisson | [
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},
{
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{
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252
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"target": "Other ranks (UK)"
},
{
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278,
295
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"target": "Sec... | p_4641 | During the Second World War Harrisson continued directing Mass-Observation and was radio critic for The Observer from May 1942 until June 1944. For much of this time he was in the army and gave up reviewing on leaving the UK. After service in the ranks he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Reconnaissance Corps on 21 November 1943. He had been recruited (some sources say by a confusion of names, despite his apparent suitability) for a plan to use the native peoples of Borneo against the Japanese. He was attached to Z Special Unit (also known as Z Force), part of the Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD: a branch of the combined Allied Intelligence Bureau in the South West Pacific theatre). On 25 March 1945, he was parachuted with seven Z Force operatives from a Consolidated Liberator onto a high plateau occupied by the Kelabit people. An autobiographical account of this operation (SEMUT I, one of four SEMUT operations in the area) is given in World Within (Cresset Press, 1959); there are also reports – not always flattering – from some of his comrades. His efforts to rescue stranded American airmen shot down over Borneo are a central part of "The Airmen and the Headhunters", an episode of the PBS television series Secrets of the Dead. The recommendation for his Distinguished Service Order which was gazetted on 6 March 1947 (and dated 2 November 1946) describes how from his insertion until 15 August 1945 the forces under his command protected the flank of Allied advances, and caused severe disruption to Japanese operations.
| [
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{
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143
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"text": "was radio critic for The Observer from May 1942 until... |
Cyclone Cook | [
{
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26,
53
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},
{
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147,
153
],
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},
{
"indices": [
168,
174
],
"target": "Rotuma"
},
{
"indices": [
533,
561
],
"target": "Joint ... | p_4642 | During April 5, 2017, the Fiji Meteorological Service started to monitor Tropical Disturbance 20F that had developed about to the northwest of the Fijian dependency of Rotuma. The system lied within an area of favourable conditions for further development with low to moderate vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures of about . Over the next couple of days, the system moved south-westwards and gradually developed further, before it was classified as a tropical depression by the FMS during April 7. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) subsequently issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the disturbance, as atmospheric convection consolidated around the system's elongated low level circulation center. During that day, the system was steered south-westwards towards Vanuatu and New Caledonia, by northeasterly winds located to the northwest of a subtropical ridge of high pressure. The system subsequently passed near or over the islands of Maewo and Ambae, before the JTWC initiated advisories on the depression and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 16P early on April 8. The system subsequently passed near or over Malakula, before the FMS reported that it had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and named it Cook.
| [
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"indices": [
... |
WBZ-TV | [
{
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127,
136
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"target": "KYW (AM)"
},
{
"indices": [
162,
168
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"target": "KYW-TV"
},
{
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185
],
"target": "Philadelphia"
},
{
"indices": [
202,
209
],
"target": "WTAM"
},
{
... | p_4643 | Channel 4 was in danger of losing its NBC affiliation when Westinghouse balked at NBC's initial offer to trade sister stations KYW radio and WPTZ television (now KYW-TV) in Philadelphia in exchange for WTAM-AM-FM and WNBK television (now WKYC-TV) in Cleveland. In response, NBC threatened to pull its programming from both WBZ-TV and WPTZ unless Westinghouse agreed to the trade. The swap was made in February 1956, but Westinghouse immediately complained to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the U.S. Department of Justice about NBC's extortion. The threat reemerged in 1960 after NBC announced it would swap the Philadelphia stations in exchange for a competing Boston outlet, then-CBS affiliate WNAC-TV (channel 7) and its sister radio stations, from RKO General. Approval of the RKO-NBC deal would have potentially made WBZ-TV an ABC affiliate, completing a three-way swap of network affiliations in Boston. However, in 1964, the FCC nullified the NBC-RKO trade and ordered the NBC-Westinghouse swap reversed without NBC realizing any profit on the deal. WBZ-TV retained its NBC affiliation as a result of the canceled sale.
| [
{
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
416,
560
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "but Westinghouse immediately complained to the Federal Co... |
Hartley Dewart | [
{
"indices": [
15,
24
],
"target": "Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu"
},
{
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26,
37
],
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},
{
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50,
71
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"target": "Edward Hartley Dewart"
},
{
"indices": [
75,
84
],
"tar... | p_4644 | He was born in St. Johns, Canada East. The son of Edward Hartley Dewart, a Methodist minister who was a staunch advocate of prohibition, the younger Dewart inherited his Liberal politics but broke with his father on the temperance issue becoming a firm opponent of prohibition, a move that would cost him dearly later in life. He studied at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall and was called to the Ontario bar in 1887. Dewart set up practice in Toronto and served as crown attorney for York County from 1891 to 1904. He was first elected to the provincial legislature in a 1916 by-election after the death of James Joseph Foy in the Toronto Southwest electoral district, becoming the first Liberal to win a Toronto seat in a quarter century. In 1919, he became leader of the Ontario Liberal Party. He resigned as leader in 1921 due to opposition within his caucus to his anti-prohibitionist stance. He returned to private practice and died at his home near Uxbridge in 1924.
| [
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49
],
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"text": "The son of"
}
],
"qid": "q_10620",
"quest... |
Knockan Crag | [
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58,
86
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},
{
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94,
100
],
"target": "Assynt"
},
{
"indices": [
111,
119
],
"target": "Scotland"
},
{
"indices": [
129,
137
],
"target": "Ul... | p_4645 | Knockan Crag (, "crag of the small hill") lies within the North West Highlands Geopark in the Assynt region of Scotland north of Ullapool. During the nineteenth century Knockan Crag became the subject of much debate when geologists noted that the Moine schists at the top of the crag appeared to be older than the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks such as Durness limestone lower down. Disagreements over the processes that could have caused this to occur were referred to at the time as the 'Highlands Controversy'. The argument was primarily between Roderick Murchison and Archibald Geikie on the one hand and James Nicol and Charles Lapworth on the other. Murchison and Geikie believed the sequence was wrong and that the Moine schists must be the younger rocks. The controversy was finally resolved by the work of Ben Peach and John Horne whose 1907 paper on the subject remains a classic text. Peach and Horne demonstrated that the situation resulted from the action of a thrust fault - this being the first to be discovered anywhere in the world. The older rocks had been moved some 70 kilometres to the west over the top of the younger rocks due to tectonic action.
| [
{
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},
"context": [
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"indices": [
762,
894
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The controversy was finally resolved by the work of ... |
Danny Ozark | [
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},
{
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53,
69
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"target": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
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150,
162
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"target": "Minor League Baseball"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
17... | p_4646 | A native of Buffalo, New York, Ozark signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers as a teenager and spent over three decades in the Dodger organization. He was a minor league first baseman who spent his entire playing career (1942; 1946–61; 1963) in the Dodgers' farm system. The , Ozark, who batted and threw right-handed, hit over 200 home runs during his minor league career, including two 30+ homer seasons. In 1956, he became a playing manager with Brooklyn's Class B Wichita Falls Spudders farm club of the Big State League, and rose through their system in succeeding years all the way to the Triple-A level, winning a division championship with the 1963 Spokane Indians of the Pacific Coast League.
| [
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"answer": {
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"text": "Pacific Coast League"
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{
... |
History of Duke University | [
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42,
52
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},
{
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85,
96
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{
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227
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375
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"target": "M... | p_4647 | The mascot for Duke's athletic teams, the Blue Devil, has an interesting history. As World War I ended, Duke's Board of Trustees, then called the "Trinity College Board of Trustees," lifted their quarter century ban of football on campus leading to an interest in naming the athletic teams. The team was then known as the Trinity Eleven, the Blue and White, or the Methodists (as opposed to the Baptists of nearby rival Wake Forest University). Because of the ambiguity, the student newspaper, the Trinity Chronicle (now called The Chronicle) launched a campaign to create a new mascot. Nominations for a new team name included Catamounts, Grizzlies, Badgers, Dreadnaughts, and Captains. The Trinity Chronicle editor narrowed the many nominations down to those that utilized the school colors of dark blue and white. The narrowed list consisted of Blue Titans, Blue Eagles, Polar Bears, Blue Devils, Royal Blazes, and Blue Warriors. None of the nominations proved to be a clear favorite, but the name Blue Devils elicited criticism that could potentially engender opposition on campus. That year, the football season passed with no official selection.
| [
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"text": "As World War I ended, Duke's Board of Trustees, then ca... |
Thomas Benton Smith | [
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},
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225,
246
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"target": "Battle of Chickamauga"
},
{
"indices": [
338,
354
],
"target": "Atlanta campaign"
},
{
"indices": [
446,
453
],... | p_4648 | At the end of the year, he fought in the Battle of Stones River, where he suffered a serious wound that put him out of action for much of 1863. After his recuperation, Smith resumed field duties, but was again wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga in September. After another lengthy recovery period, he returned to action during the 1864 Atlanta Campaign. He was promoted to brigadier general on July 29, 1864, and commanded an infantry brigade (Tyler's Tennessee Brigade), assigned to Bates Division, Hardee's Army Corps in the Army of Tennessee comprising the 2nd, 10th, and 20th Tennessee, the 37th Georgia, the 30th, 37th, and 50th Tennessee, consolidated, and the 4th Georgia battalion of sharpshooters. His first action as a general officer on the extreme left of the Confederate flank at the Battle of Utoy Creek, he personally led his brigade in a charge against attacking Union soldiers capturing some 30 Union soldiers and the colors of the 8th Tennessee Infantry and 112th Illinois Infantry. The unit was cited in the OR by his corps commander, Lieut. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, to whom Bates Division was attached for duty. Smith led his brigade in an assault at the Battle of Jonesborough, however the terrific fire from the Federal entrenched troops, required them to withdraw to a gully for protection during the assault on August 30, 1864 and they were unable to dislodge the Federal Army of the Tennessee.
| [
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"context": [
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821,
1001
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"text": "he personally led his brigade in a charge against attack... |
Ray Mendoza | [
{
"indices": [
326,
339
],
"target": "Huracán Ramírez"
},
{
"indices": [
473,
482
],
"target": "Ring name"
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{
"indices": [
495,
502
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"target": "Spanish language"
},
{
"indices": [
661,
672
],
"target": "W... | p_4649 | Despite being forced to retire from pro boxing Díaz kept in shape by lifting weights at a local gym. The gym owner was impressed with Díaz physique and work ethics and recommended he become a luchador. Díaz was originally trained by Ray Carrasco and later also trained under Rogelio de la Paz, Genaro Contreas, Raul Rojas and Daniel García; the latter would later be famous under the name of "Huracán Ramírez". Díaz made his professional wrestling debut in 1954, using the ring name "El Pelón" (Spanish for "Baldy") Chato Díaz, then later on worked under names such as "Indio" Mendoza, El Rayo Rojo and El Hombre del Rayo Rojo. He also worked for a while as an enmascarado (masked) character called Gargantua between 1954 and 1955. In 1955 Díaz came up with the ring name "Ray Mendoza" after his mentor Ray Carrasco and his wife's maiden name Mendoza. As Mendoza he quickly forged a very effective Rudo character ("bad guy") by using well developed physique and charisma to create a ring character that the fans loved to hate. In 1956 Mendoza began working for Salvador Lutteroth's Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL), the world's oldest and Mexico's largest wrestling promotion. He made his debut at EMLL's main arena Arena Coliseo in February, 1956 in a Battle Royal that also included EMLL headliners Gory Guerrero, El Santo, Cavernario Galindo, Blue Demon and Black Shadow, a match that immediately established him as someone who Lutteroth saw potential in. In EMLL Mendoza struck up a friendship with René Guajardo and Karloff Lagarde out of the ring and a "partnership in crime" in the ring as the three became one of the most hated trio in lucha libre at the time. The three drew full houses all over Mexico, setting box office record after box office record as they faced técnicos(good guys) such as El Santo, Rayo de Jalisco or Blue Demon. They also had a very financially successful feud with Los Espantos (Espanto I, Espanto II, and Espanto III) in what at the time was a rare rudo vs. rudo feud. Outside the ring Mendoza, Guajardo and Lagarde often spoke out on behalf of the wrestlers, demanding higher pay and better conditions, and since they were able to generate a lot of ticket sales EMLL officials listened to their demands.
| [
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1027,
1121
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"text": "In 1956 Mendoza began working for Salvador Lutterot... |
R. S. Thomas | [
{
"indices": [
25,
32
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"target": "Cardiff"
},
{
"indices": [
113,
121
],
"target": "Holyhead"
},
{
"indices": [
166,
179
],
"target": "Merchant navy"
},
{
"indices": [
230,
263
],
"target": "Bangor Universi... | p_4650 | R. S. Thomas was born in Cardiff, the only child of Thomas Hubert and Margaret (née Davies). The family moved to Holyhead in 1918 because of his father's work in the Merchant Navy. He was awarded a bursary in 1932 to study at the University College of North Wales, where he read Latin. In 1936, after he completed his theological training at St. Michael's College, Llandaff, he was ordained as a priest in the Anglican Church in Wales. From 1936 to 1940 he was the curate of Chirk, Denbighshire, where he met his future wife, Mildred "Elsi" Eldridge, an English artist. He subsequently became curate-in charge of Tallarn Green, Flintshire, as part of his duties as curate of Hanmer.
| [
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"passage": "main",
"text": "The family moved to Holyhead in 1918 because of his father... |
Matthew P. A. Fisher | [
{
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36,
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"target": "Theoretical physics"
},
{
"indices": [
90,
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"target": "University of California, Santa Barbara"
},
{
"indices": [
179,
203
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"target": "Condensed matter physics"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_4651 | Matthew P. A. Fisher is an American theoretical physicist and Professor of Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and is known for several major contributions to condensed matter physics. He completed his bachelor's degree in engineering physics from Cornell University in 1981 and earned a Ph.D. in theoretical physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1986 with Anthony Leggett as his advisor, with part of his work done under the supervision of Eduardo Fradkin. He was awarded the Alan T. Waterman Award in 1995, and in 2015 he was a recipient of the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize for his work on the superconductor-insulator transition. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003 and to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is the son of English physicist Michael E. Fisher, and brother of American physicist Daniel S. Fisher.
| [
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"answer": {
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{
"end": 132,
"passage": "cornell university",
"start": 124,
"text": "New York"
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],
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"context": [
{
"indices": ... |
Binoculars | [
{
"indices": [
177,
181
],
"target": "Moon"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
211
],
"target": "Uranus"
},
{
"indices": [
216,
223
],
"target": "Neptune"
},
{
"indices": [
251,
256
],
"target": "Ceres (dwarf planet)"
... | p_4652 | A number of solar system objects that are mostly to completely invisible to the human eye are reasonably detectable with medium-size binoculars, including larger craters on the Moon; the dim outer planets Uranus and Neptune; the inner "minor planets" Ceres, Vesta and Pallas; Saturn's largest moon Titan; and the Galilean moons of Jupiter. Although visible unaided in pollution-free skies, Uranus and Vesta require binoculars for easy detection. 10×50 binoculars are limited to an apparent magnitude of +9.5 to +11 depending on sky conditions and observer experience. Asteroids like Interamnia, Davida, Europa and, unless under exceptional conditions Hygiea, are too faint to be seen with commonly sold binoculars. Likewise too faint to be seen with most binoculars are the planetary moons except the Galileans and Titan, and the dwarf planets Pluto and Eris. Other difficult binocular targets include the phases of Venus and the rings of Saturn. Only binoculars with very high magnification, 20x or higher, are capable of discerning Saturn's rings to a recognizable extent. High-power binoculars can sometimes show one or two cloud belts on the disk of Jupiter if optics and observing conditions are sufficiently good.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 508,
"passage": "galilean moons",
"start": 500,
"text": "Ganymede"
}
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... |
Electrolite | [
{
"indices": [
82,
95
],
"target": "New York City"
},
{
"indices": [
104,
127
],
"target": "Tibetan Freedom Concert"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
180
],
"target": "Tibetan Freedom Concert (album)"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
25... | p_4653 | The public debut of the song was performed by Mills and Stipe on June 8, 1997, in New York City for the Tibetan Freedom Concert and subsequently released on Tibetan Freedom Concert. Another version recorded on October 27, 1998 for Later with Jools Holland in the BBC Television Centre in London was released as a b-side to "Suspicion" with a recording of "Man on the Moon" from the same performance. The July 19, 2003 performance also appears on the Perfect Square DVD. A version recorded live in-studio at Clinton Studios in New York City on October 7, 2003 was included in the promotional disc A Joyful Noise – In Time with R.E.M.; the promo includes several other songs from that session. R.E.M.'s performance from their 2005 Dublin rehearsals was released on the live album Live at The Olympia and their 2008 performance from Austin City Limits appears on R.E.M. Live from Austin, TX.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 292,
"passage": "tibetan freedom concert",
"start": 254,
"text": "the Beastie Boys and the Milarepa Fund"
}
],
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"cont... |
Ruth Mackenzie | [
{
"indices": [
16,
19
],
"target": "Order of the British Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
66,
85
],
"target": "Théâtre du Châtelet"
},
{
"indices": [
121,
137
],
"target": "Holland Festival"
},
{
"indices": [
189,
203
]... | p_4654 | Ruth Mackenzie, CBE, (born July 1957) is artistic director of the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, and a former director of Holland Festival. Before, she has served as the general director of Scottish Opera. She is a former drama officer for the Arts Council, and was executive director of Nottingham Playhouse from 1990 until 1997, when she joined Scottish Opera. She was Artistic Director of the Chichester Festival Theatre from 2003 to 2005 alongside Steven Pimlott and Martin Duncan. Mackenzie was appointed a member of the Order of the British Empire in 1995. She was director of the London 2012 Festival, the official cultural programme of the London 2012 Olympics for which she was appointed a CBE.
| [
{
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{
"end": 85,
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"text": "Theatre du Chatelet"
}
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"context": [
{
"indic... |
Ion Macovei | [
{
"indices": [
8,
14
],
"target": "Nereju"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
30
],
"target": "Vrancea County"
},
{
"indices": [
138,
157
],
"target": "Căile Ferate Române"
},
{
"indices": [
218,
223
],
"target": "Adjud"
... | p_4655 | Born in Nereju, Vrancea County, he attended a polytechnic institute in Germany and became an engineer. Hired by the state railway carrier Căile Ferate Române in 1911, he rose through the ranks from maintenance work at Adjud and Bârlad to inspector at Galați in 1919 to deputy department head (1931) and department head (1932), before becoming deputy general director in 1935 and general director in 1936. On June 1, 1940, he entered the cabinet of Gheorghe Tătărescu as Minister of Public Works and Communications. He replaced Ion Gigurtu, who in turn replaced Grigore Gafencu as Foreign Minister. The latter had resigned in protest against the backdrop of German victories in Western Europe. When Gigurtu ascended to the post of Prime Minister on July 4, Macovei remained in his cabinet. The final phase of his ministerial service lasted from September 4 to 14, from the time Ion Antonescu assumed power to the establishment of the National Legionary State. Arrested by the communist regime in May 1950, he died at Sighet prison five months later. His wife Ecaterina was arrested in 1952.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
959,
1048
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Arrested by the communist regime in May 1950, he died at... |
Sebastián Edwards | [
{
"indices": [
40,
48
],
"target": "Santiago"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
55
],
"target": "Chile"
},
{
"indices": [
73,
87
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"target": "Edwards family"
},
{
"indices": [
235,
269
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"target": "UCLA Anderson School... | p_4656 | Sebastián Edwards (born 16 August 1953, Santiago, Chile) a member of the Edwards family is a Chilean economist, professor, speaker, and consultant. He is currently the Henry Ford II Professor of International Business Economics at the UCLA Anderson School of Management at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). From 1993 until April 1996, he was the Chief Economist for the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank. He is also a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), a member of the advisory board of Transnational Research Corporation and co-chairman of the Inter American Seminar on Economics (IASE). He is the Past President of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA), an international professional association of economists with academic interests in Latin America and the Caribbean region. He was a member of the Scientific Advisory Council of the Kiel Institute of World Economics, Kiel-Germany. He is a member of California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Council of Economic Advisors.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
87
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Sebastián Edwards (born 16 August 1953, Santiago, Chile) a m... |
Wuchang District | [
{
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16,
24
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"target": "Sun Quan"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
56
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"target": "Eastern Wu"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
69
],
"target": "Gong'an County"
},
{
"indices": [
78,
86
],
"target": "Jingzhou"
},
... | p_4657 | In 221, warlord Sun Quan moved the capital of Eastern Wu from Gong'an county, Jingzhou (northwest of present-day Gong'an county, Hubei) to È county (in present-day Ezhou City), and renamed È to Wuchang (literally prospering from military, regarding its logistics role of the military bases established before the Battle of Red Cliffs). Later in the year Cao Pi proclaimed himself the emperor of Cao Wei. Sun Quan declared independence in the following year, and started to build forts and palaces in Wuchang. Sun Quan proclaimed himself the emperor of Eastern Wu in 229, and moved the capital to Jianye. Sun Hao, the emperor of Eastern Wu between 264 and 280, moved the capital back to Wuchang in 265. In 589, the Wuchang commandery was abolished and the Wuchang county was transferred to a new commandery named Ezhou (headquartered in present-day Wuchang District), and remained in the administration since then.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"end": 22,
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"text": "Eastern Wu"
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... |
Attempted assassination of Donald Trump | [
{
"indices": [
139,
159
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"target": "Solitary confinement"
},
{
"indices": [
185,
198
],
"target": "Suicide watch"
},
{
"indices": [
220,
229
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"target": "Complaint"
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{
"indices": [
249,
304
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"target": ... | p_4658 | Following his arrest, Sandford was held in the Nevada Southern Detention Center. Due to his mental health conditions, Sandford was kept in solitary confinement and repeatedly put under suicide watch. On June 20, 2016, a complaint was filed with the United States District Court for the District of Nevada charging Sandford with committing an act of violence on restricted ground. Sandford appeared in a Nevada District Court on June 20, 2016, where he was charged with committing an act of violence on restricted ground. Sandford's public defender, Heather Fraley, argued that Sandford should be bailed to a halfway house given his lack of a criminal record, but he was denied bail by judge George Foley Jr. on the basis that he presented a flight risk and was a potential danger to the community. On June 29, a federal grand jury responded to an indictment filed by United States Attorney Daniel Bogden by charging Sandford with three felonies: two counts of being an illegal alien in possession of a firearm and one count of impeding and disrupting the orderly conduct of government business and official functions. Each charge carried a maximum sentence of 10 years' imprisonment and a fine of $250,000. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement also issued a detainer against Sandford relating to an immigration violation.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
380,
520
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Sandford appeared in a Nevada District Court on June 20, ... |
Spanish ship Juan Carlos I | [
{
"indices": [
152,
163
],
"target": "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II"
},
{
"indices": [
186,
201
],
"target": "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement"
},
{
"indices": [
209,
229
],
"target": "Joint Strike Fighter program"
},... | p_4659 | However, the Turkish Navy later changed its plan and opted for a fully equipped flight deck with the ski-jump ramp in front, after deciding to purchase F-35B STOVL aircraft. Turkey is a Level 3 partner in the Joint Strike Fighter program and the Turkish Air Force will get the F-35A CTOL version. The Turkish version of the LHD will be capable of operating up to 12 F-35Bs and 12 helicopters in "light aircraft carrier" configuration. The dimensions of the final design are: 232 meters (length), 32 meters (beam), 6.9 meters (draught), and 58 meters (height). Its displacement will be 24,660 tons (in "light aircraft carrier" mission configuration) or 27,079 tons (in "LHD" mission configuration). Its maximum speed will be 21.5 knots (in "light aircraft carrier" configuration) or 29 knots (in "LHD" configuration); while its maximum range will be 9000 miles at economical speed. It will have a 5,440 m² flight deck and a 990m² aviation hangar which can accommodate either 12 medium size helicopters or 8 CH-47F Chinook heavy-lift helicopters. (When the aviation hangar and the light cargo garage are unified, the ship can carry up to 25 medium size helicopters. Alternatively, the ship can carry up to 12 F-35B and 12 helicopters. Six more helicopters can be hosted on the flight deck of the ship.) Additionally, the ship will have a 1,880 m² light cargo garage for TEU containers and 27 Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV); a 1,165 m² dock which can host four Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) or two Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), or two Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP); and a 1,410m² garage for heavy loads, which can host 29 Main Battle Tanks (MBT), Amphibious Assault Vehicles and TEU containers. The ship's crew will consist of 261 personnel: 30 officers, 49 NCOs, 59 leading seamen and 123 ratings.
| [
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"indices": [
9,
172
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "the Turkish Navy later changed its plan and opted for a ful... |
William Mabane, 1st Baron Mabane | [
{
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19,
39
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"target": "Member of parliament"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
61
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"target": "Huddersfield (UK Parliament constituency)"
},
{
"indices": [
65,
69
],
"target": "1931 United Kingdom general election"
},
{
"indic... | p_4660 | Mabane was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Huddersfield in 1931 and lost his seat in 1945. Mabane's exact party label was confused for much of his time in the Commons. His local Liberal association was affiliated to the official Liberals until 1939, but Mabane was frequently listed as being a National Liberal, which he repeatedly sought to deny, despite supporting the National Government when the official Liberals had ceased to. He lost his seat to Labour in 1945, when he was opposed by an official Liberal candidate, Roy Harrod. The standard authoritative work by F.W.S. Craig indicates he was a National Liberal throughout his tenure, as does the contemporary Times Guide to the House of Commons. The town remained an area of strength for liberals and at the 1950 general election, the Liberal Donald Wade won Huddersfield West in a straight fight against Labour.
| [
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"context": [
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"indices": [
439,
539
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He lost his seat to Labour in 1945, when he was oppos... |
Andrew Forman | [
{
"indices": [
18,
37
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"target": "William Elphinstone"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
49
],
"target": "Aberdeen"
},
{
"indices": [
118,
138
],
"target": "Henry VII of England"
},
{
"indices": [
142,
148
],
"target":... | p_4661 | Forman and Bishop William Elphinstone of Aberdeen were the principal envoys who brokered a seven-year truce with King Henry VII of England at Aytoun in September 1497. They were assisted by the Spanish ambassador Pedro de Ayala, who recommended in May 1498 that diplomatic correspondence to Scotland should be copied to Forman, his influential friend. The search for a queen for James began in 1499 when negotiators were appointed to treat with King Henry for the marriage of his eldest daughter, Princess Margaret. Dispensation from the pope for the marriage was received as both James and Margaret were cousins, descended from John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset. On 8 October 1501, Forman, now postulate to the see of Moray, was commissioned along with Robert Blackadder, Archbishop of Glasgow and Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell to conclude the treaty of marriage. In that same year, King Henry, in gratitude for his services required that Thomas Savage, Archbishop of York institute Forman as Rector of the parish church of Cottingham. On 26 November 1501, Pope Alexander VI provided Forman to the bishopric of Moray and then only a few months later in 1502, Bishop Forman concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with England at Richmond Palace. The formal proceedings that finally concluded the marriage terms of King James and Margaret Tudor were conducted in Glasgow Cathedral on 10 December 1502 where Forman was a signatory. He was then appointed as a commissioner to oversee the exchange of the ratified marriage treaties at the courts of Henry and James. James designated Forman to conduct Margaret to Scotland but while in England, gave King Henry an undertaking that the King of Scots would not renew the league with France unless Henry was first consulted. The procession to Scotland took them to Fast Castle near Berwick where they stayed with Forman's sister Isabel and her husband Alexander Oliphant of Kellie. In 1509, Forman became commendator of Dryburgh Abbey and tried unsuccessfully to obtain the commendatorship of the wealthy abbey of Kelso in 1511. The lands and possessions of the parson of Boleskin, south of Inverness were given to Forman (as bishop of Moray) in 1511 and then in 1512 he became the Keeper of the castle of Darnaway, near Forres, Chamberlain of Moray and Custumar north of the River Spey.
| [
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0,
167
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Forman and Bishop William Elphinstone of Aberdeen were the ... |
Battle of Wolf Mountain | [
{
"indices": [
43,
59
],
"target": "George Armstrong Custer"
},
{
"indices": [
85,
109
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"target": "Battle of the Little Bighorn"
},
{
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285,
297
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"target": "Indian reservation"
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{
"indices": [
376,
3... | p_4662 | Following the defeat of Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer on June 25, 1876, in the Battle of Little Bighorn, the United States government sent a large number of reinforcements into Montana Territory. By autumn, a few bands of the Sioux and Cheyenne tribes had begun returning to the reservations and agencies to acquire food and annuity goods in preparation for winter. The United States Congress had angered many Indians by demanding that they cede the Black Hills to the government in exchange for these promised goods. The army had replaced civilian contractors in charge of the agencies, further convincing many war bands to stay away from them. General Nelson Miles led a mixed force of infantry, artillery and cavalry after Sitting Bull's band, and had effectively defeated them by December. Ranald S. Mackenzie had similarly defeated Dull Knife's Cheyennes, who trekked through snow and icy conditions to join the camp of Crazy Horse in the Tongue River Valley. Concerned with the approaching winter and the destitute condition of Dull Knife's band, Crazy Horse decided to negotiate peace with the army. However, when a group of United States Army Crow scouts murdered Crazy Horse's delegation, the war chief demanded revenge. He led a series of small raids in an effort to draw out Colonel Miles from Tongue River Cantonment. In December, 1876, Colonel Miles led most of nine Infantry companies out of the Cantonment in pursuit of Crazy Horse, marching south, up the Tongue River valley. On December 7, 1876, Miles captured a few Northern Cheyennes, then his force of 436 men camped along the Tongue just south of present-day Birney, Montana. During that night a fresh layer of deep snow fell and temperatures dropped.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 1250,
"passage": "battle of the little bighorn",
"start": 1247,
"text": "268"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"ind... |
WNET | [
{
"indices": [
95,
123
],
"target": "National Telefilm Associates"
},
{
"indices": [
199,
215
],
"target": "NTA Film Network"
},
{
"indices": [
246,
255
],
"target": "Call sign"
},
{
"indices": [
829,
839
],
... | p_4663 | On October 6, 1957, Bremer Broadcasting announced it had sold its stations for $3.5 million to National Telefilm Associates (NTA), an early distributor of motion pictures for television, joining its NTA Film Network. On May 7, 1958, channel 13's call sign was changed to WNTA-TV to reflect the new ownership; the radio stations also adopted these call letters. NTA's cash resources enabled WNTA-TV to produce a schedule of programming with greater emphasis on the people and events of New Jersey, compared to the other commercial television stations. NTA also sought to make channel 13 the center of a new commercial network, though during its run the NTA Film Network offered only one night of "in-pattern" network programming, Friday nights in 1957–58, and for most purposes WNTA served as the New York showcase for nationally syndicated programming and produced several such entries, notably the anthology drama series Play of the Week; the talk show Open End, hosted by David Susskind; children's show The Magic Clown; and a popular dance program emceed by Clay Cole. The station continued to lag behind New York's other independent stations—WNEW-TV (channel 5), WOR-TV (channel 9) and WPIX (channel 11)—in terms of audience size, and NTA incurred a large debt load. National Telefilm Associates put the WNTA stations up for sale in February 1961.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 970,
"passage": "national telefilm associates",
"start": 962,
"text": "New York"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"... |
Gerry Neugebauer | [
{
"indices": [
98,
105
],
"target": "Planet"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
194
],
"target": "IRAS"
},
{
"indices": [
210,
249
],
"target": "Infrared Processing and Analysis Center"
},
{
"indices": [
317,
322
],
"tar... | p_4664 | Neugebauer was active in infrared astronomy, and played a leading role in infrared studies of the planets. In addition—and largely through his activities with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)—he led both ground- and space-based infrared studies of the stars, the Milky Way and other galaxies. Observations by him and his colleagues at Mount Wilson and Palomar observatories revealed thousands of infrared sources in the sky, and afforded the first infrared view of the galactic center. Together with Robert B. Leighton, he completed the Two-Micron Sky Survey, the first infrared survey of the sky, which cataloged more than 5,000 infrared sources. Together with Eric Becklin, he discovered the Becklin–Neugebauer Object, an intense source of infrared radiation in the Orion Nebula that is one of the brightest objects in the sky at wavelengths less than 10 micrometres.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 583,
"passage": "Gerry Neugebauer",
"start": 564,
"text": " Robert B. Leighton"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"i... |
Shirvan | [
{
"indices": [
9,
15
],
"target": "Qajar dynasty"
},
{
"indices": [
365,
372
],
"target": "Derbent"
},
{
"indices": [
414,
443
],
"target": "Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)"
},
{
"indices": [
533,
551
],
"targe... | p_4665 | When the Qajars had succeeded in restoring the unity of Persia, the sons of the Khan were no more able to maintain their independence like the other Caucasian chiefs and had to choose between Russia and Persia. The Khan of Shirwan, Mustafa, who had already entered into negotiations with Zubov, submitted to the Russians in 1805, who occupied the Persian cities of Derbend and Baku the next year (1806) during the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), but soon afterwards he made overtures to the Persians and sought help from them. By the Treaty of Gulistan (12/24 October 1813) following the end of the 1804-1813 war, Persia was forced to cede its territories and regions comprising Darband, Quba, Shirwan and Baku, while giving up all claims on them as well. Nevertheless, Mustafa continued to have secret dealings with Persia. It was not until 1820 that his territory was occupied by Russian troops; the Khan fled to Persia and Shemakha was irrevocably incorporated in Russian territory. Iranian anger while being dissatisfied with losing swaths of its integral territories in the North and South Caucasus subsequently sparked the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828), which resulted in another Iranian loss, as well as the ceding of its last remaining territories in the Caucasus comprising what is now Armenia, and southern parts of the contemporary Republic of Azerbaijan. The Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828 officially ratified the forced ceding of these Iranian territories to Imperial Russia, while it would also mark the official end of millennia long intertwined Iranian hegemony, rule, and influence over the Caucasus region, including Shirvan.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 788,
"passage": "treaty of gulistan",
"start": 772,
"text": "Nikolai Rtischev"
},
{
"end": 842,
"passage": "treaty of gulistan",
"start": 815,
"text": "Mirza Abo... |
Carl Taube | [
{
"indices": [
18,
31
],
"target": "New York City"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
111
],
"target": "Kent School"
},
{
"indices": [
128,
148
],
"target": "Princeton University"
},
{
"indices": [
189,
193
],
"target": ... | p_4666 | Taube was born in New York City in 1939 to Count Arvid E. Taube and Alice N. Taube. After attending Kent School, he enrolled at Princeton University, from which he graduated in 1961 with a B.A. in sociology. He went on to receive a doctorate in sociology from American University in 1983. He began working at the National Institute of Mental Health in 1961 as a statistician, and continued to work there until 1987, eventually becoming director of their Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences. He also began a mental health economics program at the NIMH and started their "Mental Health, United States" series, a regularly published report cataloging mental health statistics in the United States. In 1980, he was awarded the Administrators Award for Meritorious Achievement from the Alcohol Drug Abuse and Mental Health Agency. In 1987, he became a professor in the Department of Mental Hygiene at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, where he continued to teach until his death. On September 28, 1989, he died of congestive heart failure at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1990, the American Public Health Association established the Carl Taube Award for Lifetime Contribution to the Field of Mental Health in honor of his work.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 596,
"passage": "new york city",
"start": 586,
"text": "19,979,477"
}
],
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
1990s post-Soviet aliyah | [
{
"indices": [
115,
128
],
"target": "Law of Return"
},
{
"indices": [
149,
168
],
"target": "Post-Soviet states"
},
{
"indices": [
245,
258
],
"target": "United States"
},
{
"indices": [
284,
291
],
"target"... | p_4667 | Between 1989 and 2006, about 1.6 million Soviet Jews and their non-Jewish relatives and spouses, as defined by the Law of Return, emigrated from the former Soviet Union. About 979,000, or 61%, migrated to Israel. Another 325,000 migrated to the United States, and 219,000 migrated to Germany. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, 26% of the immigrants who arrived in Israel were not considered Jewish by Orthodox interpretations of Jewish law (which only recognizes matrilineal descent), but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return due to patrilineal Jewish descent or marriage to a Jew. The majority of the immigrant wave were Ashkenazi Jews; however, a significant proportion were Mizrahi groups such as the Mountain Jews, Georgian Jews, and Bukharan Jews – with each ethnic group bringing its own distinctive culture to Israel. The group successfully integrated economically into Israel: in 2012, the average salary of FSU (Former Soviet Union) immigrants was comparable to that of native-born Israeli Jews.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 25,
"passage": "united states",
"start": 12,
"text": "United States"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
EMD SD90MAC | [
{
"indices": [
9,
30
],
"target": "Electro-Motive Diesel"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
54
],
"target": "Manufacturing"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
152
],
"target": "Prime mover (locomotive)"
},
{
"indices": [
154,
165
],
... | p_4668 | In 1996, Electro-Motive Diesel entered full production on their , 16-cylinder H-engine, and all SD90MACs made from then on used that for its prime mover. Locomotives fitted with this engine are sometimes referred to as SD90MAC-H locomotives. Later versions of the SD90MAC-H feature a Phase II cab, with a new nose which offers higher visibility from the cab than the old nose. The SD90MAC-H did not prove popular with railroads and less than 70 were built, including Electro-Motive Diesel demonstrator units. Since the SD90MAC-H had such a large prime mover, it didn't offer the same operational flexibility as smaller units, limiting its possible customer base to only the largest railroads. Also, since the H-engine was a new design it hadn't reached the same level of reliability as EMD's previous engine. The low reliability on such a large engine was an especially bad combination since the loss of one engine in a train meant the loss of a larger percentage of pulling power than had a smaller engine failed. In the end the SD90MAC-H was only delivered to two railroads, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Canadian Pacific locomotives were part of an earlier order for 710-engine equipped SD90MAC locomotives that was still in production when Electro-Motive Diesel switched over to the H-engine.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "115",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
54
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1996, Electro-Motive Diesel entered full production"... |
Margaret Drummond (WRNS officer) | [
{
"indices": [
35,
62
],
"target": "Women's Royal Naval Service"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
127
],
"target": "Able seaman (rank)"
},
{
"indices": [
185,
199
],
"target": "Sub-lieutenant"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
307
],... | p_4669 | In April 1941, Drummond joined the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) and served as a writer (equivalent in rank to able seaman). She was commissioned as a third officer (equivalent to sub-lieutenant) in October, with seniority from 25 September. She was promoted to second officer (equivalent to lieutenant) in October 1942, with seniority from 29 August 1942, and in early 1944 joined the staff of Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth. She was "responsible for the administration and paperwork relating to the command's role in operation Neptune": as such, she was the first woman to learn about the Normandy landings. In April 1944, she was made an acting first officer (equivalent to lieutenant commander) with seniority from 5 April; this promotion was confirmed in August. After the Normandy landings, she was posted to India, where she worked as assistant secretary to its flag officer. Then, with promotion to superintendent (equivalent to captain), she joined the staff of Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Fleet.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 204,
"passage": "women's royal naval service",
"start": 200,
"text": "1917"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indic... |
Mike Young (American football) | [
{
"indices": [
4,
11
],
"target": "Visalia, California"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
75
],
"target": "Mt. Whitney High School"
},
{
"indices": [
243,
246
],
"target": "California Interscholastic Federation"
},
{
"indices": [
363,... | p_4670 | The Visalia, CA native was a multi-sport athlete at Mt. Whitney High School where he excelled in football and baseball. Michael’s career statistics of 162 catches for 3,005 yards and 44 touchdowns still stand as one of the top performances in CIF history. Young was recruited by every major college football program in the Country, accepting recruiting visits to Notre Dame, USC, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Washington and UCLA. At UCLA, he played both football and baseball. Young helped the Bruins to two Pac-10 titles, two Rose Bowl (1983, 1984) victories and a Fiesta Bowl (1985) win. Michael was an Academic All-Pac 10 selection in 1984 and in the 1984 Rose Bowl game, Young had 5 receptions for a total of 127 yards, including a 52-yard touchdown pass from Rick Neuheisel. As a two-sport athlete, Young was drafted by the New York Mets in 1983 after hitting .311 his sophomore year. Following the 1985 Fiesta Bowl win, in which he was the leading receiver, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams. He earned a bachelor's degree in sociology from UCLA.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 107,
"passage": "mt. whitney high school",
"start": 97,
"text": "California"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indi... |
Errol Emanuelson | [
{
"indices": [
31,
45
],
"target": "Nieuw Nickerie"
},
{
"indices": [
47,
55
],
"target": "Suriname"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
85
],
"target": "S.V. Santos"
},
{
"indices": [
118,
128
],
"target": "Paramaribo"
... | p_4671 | Emanuelson began his career in Nieuw Nickerie, Suriname, in the youth ranks of Santos at age 14. In 1970, he moved to Paramaribo to play in the youth teams of Tuna with whom he won the youth championship. In 1975, he made the move to SV Robinhood where he played as a forward forming the attack of Robinhood together with Rinaldo Entingh and Roy George. In 1976, he made a name for himself in a friendly fixture against Dutch club Ajax while Robinhood were on a tour of the Netherlands. He helped Robinhood to win three national titles in 1975, 1976 and 1979, and was the league top scorer for three consecutive seasons in 1976, 1977 and 1978. He also helped Robinhood to placement in the CONCACAF Champions' Cup finals, where they would finish as runners-up twice, conceding to C.D. Águila from El Salvador in 1976 and Mexican side Club América in 1977. On 30 July 1979 Robinhood were granted permission by the SVB to loan Emanuelson to Belgian side Sint-Niklaas where he played for one season.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
30
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Emanuelson began his career in"
}
],
"qid": "q... |
History of Austria | [
{
"indices": [
21,
35
],
"target": "Germanic peoples"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
85
],
"target": "Franks"
},
{
"indices": [
183,
190
],
"target": "Bavaria"
},
{
"indices": [
212,
222
],
"target": "Vorarlberg"
},... | p_4672 | In the meantime, the Germanic tribe of the Bavarii (Bavarians), vassals of the Franks, had developed in the 5th and 6th century in the west of the country and in what is now known as Bavaria, while what is today Vorarlberg had been settled by the Alemans. In the northern alps the Bavarians had become established as a stem dukedom around 550 AD, under the rule of the Agilolfings until 788 as an eastern outpost of the Frankish Empire. At that time the lands occupied by the Bavarians extended south to current South Tyrol, and east to the river Enns. The administrative center was at Regensburg. Those groups mixed with the Rhaeto-Romanic population and pushed it up into the mountains along the Puster Valley.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 143,
"passage": "enns (river)",
"start": 137,
"text": "253 km"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Personal relationships of Alexander the Great | [
{
"indices": [
89,
95
],
"target": "Roxana"
},
{
"indices": [
128,
142
],
"target": "Robin Lane Fox"
},
{
"indices": [
223,
227
],
"target": "Asia"
},
{
"indices": [
254,
262
],
"target": "Roshanak"
},
{
... | p_4673 | Ancient historians, as well as modern ones, have also written on Alexander's marriage to Roxana the beautiful [Persian]n woman. Robin Lane Fox writes, "Roxana was said by contemporaries to be the most beautiful lady in all Asia. She deserved her name of Roshanak, meaning 'little star', (probably rokhshana or roshana which means light and illuminating) in Persian. Marriage to a local noble's family made sound political sense, but contemporaries implied that Alexander, aged 28, also lost his heart. A wedding-feast for the two of them was arranged high on one of the Persian rocks. Alexander and his bride shared a loaf of bread, a custom still observed in Turkestan. Characteristically, Alexander sliced it with his sword. Ulrich Wilcken writes, "The fairest prize that fell to him was Roxana, the daughter of Oxyartes, in the first bloom of youth, and in the judgment of Alexander's companions, next to Stateira the wife of Darius, the most beautiful woman that they had seen in Asia. Alexander fell passionately in love with her and determined to raise her to the position of his consort."
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "13",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
65,
88
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Alexander's marriage to"
},
{
"indi... |
Conservative–DUP agreement | [
{
"indices": [
36,
45
],
"target": "Taoiseach"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
56
],
"target": "Enda Kenny"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
187
],
"target": "Northern Ireland peace process"
},
{
"indices": [
222,
231
],
"target... | p_4674 | The Irish government under outgoing Taoiseach Enda Kenny expressed concerns that a parliamentary deal between a British government and the DUP could put the Northern Ireland peace process at risk, a view also expressed by Sinn Féin politicians Gerry Adams and Gerry Kelly, Labour MP Yvette Cooper and former Downing Street Director of Communications Alastair Campbell. This opinion was, however, rejected by the Conservative leadership and former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Theresa Villiers, as well as by former Labour minister Caroline Flint who suggested that Gordon Brown may have sought an agreement with the DUP in 2010. The Conservative peer and former UUP First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, described claims that an agreement would put the peace process at risk as "scaremongering". On 13 June former Conservative Prime Minister John Major publicly urged May to govern without DUP support and not pursue a deal, on the grounds that an agreement could "damage" the "fragile" Northern Ireland peace process, suggesting the government must remain 'impartial'. Major himself had an agreement with the Unionist MPs of the UUP when in power and during peace negotiations in Northern Ireland, though not with the more hardline and socially-conservative DUP. On 15 June Sinn Féin's Gerry Adams met with Theresa May, telling her that he thought she was in breach of the Good Friday Agreement. This has been disputed by one of the UUP's negotiators for the Belfast Agreement.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
232,
272
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "politicians Gerry Adams and Gerry Kelly,"
},
... |
Clint Watts | [
{
"indices": [
40,
96
],
"target": "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections"
},
{
"indices": [
137,
190
],
"target": "United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence"
},
{
"indices": [
295,
300
],
"target": "Slate... | p_4675 | He testified as an expert witness about Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, in a March 30, 2017 hearing before the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. His testimony before the Senate Intelligence Committee was well received, and made multiple headlines. Slate referred to him in a headline as: "Clint Watts, Testifier Extraordinaire", and "The star of March’s Senate Intelligence Committee hearing". CNN profiled him after the testimony in a piece "Russia investigation: Who is Clint Watts", where it was noted he gained knowledge in the field of Russian cyber hacking methods, after himself being a target in 2015 following his "Trolling for Trump" article; the FBI notified the Foreign Policy Research Institute of the attack. Salon compared his testimony "follow the trail of dead Russians" to John Dean's statement about "a cancer on the presidency". This phrase in testimony by Watts was highlighted by the media, including CBS News, The American Interest, and The Oregonian. U.S. Senator Ron Wyden found the comment important to his investigation. Mark Shields of PBS NewsHour found his testimony "compelling", and CNN called it "blistering". Jennifer Rubin wrote for The Washington Post that his testimony "laid out the most comprehensive look at the array of tools Russia used to influence our election". After his testimony, he appeared on NBC's Meet the Press and explained ways the U.S. can better respond to cyberwarfare.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 622,
"passage": "jennifer rubin (journalist)",
"start": 588,
"text": "University of California, Berkeley"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"cont... |
List of Lego video games | [
{
"indices": [
26,
37
],
"target": "Video game"
},
{
"indices": [
47,
51
],
"target": "Lego"
},
{
"indices": [
89,
103
],
"target": "The Lego Group"
},
{
"indices": [
152,
163
],
"target": "Lego Island"
},
... | p_4676 | Since 1995, 69 commercial video games based on Lego, the construction system produced by The Lego Group, have been released. Following the second game, Lego Island, developed and published by Mindscape, The Lego Group published games on its own with its Lego Media division, which was renamed Lego Software in 2001, and Lego Interactive in 2002. The division also co-published with Electronic Arts before closing. Former Lego Interactive staff founded company Giant Interactive Entertainment for future Lego game publishing. Following the release of , Giant merged with Traveller's Tales to form TT Games. TT Games was acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment (WBIE) in November 2007, making WBIE the primary publisher for Lego games.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 18490,
"passage": "lego",
"start": 18479,
"text": "Lego Island"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
2000 United States presidential election in Missouri | [
{
"indices": [
52,
71
],
"target": "Missouri bellwether"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
104
],
"target": "1904 United States presidential election in Missouri"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
113
],
"target": "2004 United States presidential election in... | p_4677 | Beginning with the 2000 election, the status of the Missouri bellwether came into question. Between 1904 and 2004, Missouri was carried by the victor of each presidential election, with the exception of 1956. Though Bush won the presidency in the 2000 election through the Electoral College, he lost the national popular vote. The 2000 election was unique because this was the first time in over a century where the popular vote winner lost the general election. (In 1888, Missouri voted for Grover Cleveland, the incumbent Democrat, who lost to Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison). Thus, controversy exists as to whether or not Missouri accurately predicted victor in this election. In the subsequent election, Missouri voted for George W. Bush, who this time won both the popular vote and the Electoral College. Missouri has voted reliably Republican since 2000. The state voted for John McCain in 2008, and for Mitt Romney in 2012, both of whom lost the general election to Barack Obama. The controversy is further complicated by the 2016 presidential election, where Missouri voted for Donald Trump by a landslide, while Hillary Clinton won the popular vote by nearly three million votes, but like in 2000, Trump won the Electoral College and became 45th President of the United States. Like 2000, political scientists have differing opinions on whether or not Missouri accurately predicted the victor, and even if Missouri is still a bellwether state at all.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 508,
"passage": "2000 United States presidential election in Missouri",
"start": 491,
"text": " Grover Cleveland"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
... |
Minimal music | [
{
"indices": [
27,
36
],
"target": "Art music"
},
{
"indices": [
95,
112
],
"target": "Classical music"
},
{
"indices": [
147,
161
],
"target": "La Monte Young"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
174
],
"target": "Terry ... | p_4678 | Minimal music is a form of art music that employs limited or minimal musical materials. In the Western art music tradition, the American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass are credited with being among the first to develop compositional techniques that exploit a minimal approach. It originated in the New York Downtown scene of the 1960s and was initially viewed as a form of experimental music called the New York Hypnotic School. As an aesthetic, it is marked by a non-narrative, non-teleological, and non-representational conception of a work in progress, and represents a new approach to the activity of listening to music by focusing on the internal processes of the music, which lack goals or motion toward those goals. Prominent features of the technique include consonant harmony, hypnotic rhythmic pulses or steady drones, stasis or gradual transformation, and often reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units such as figures, motifs, and cells. It may include features such as additive process and phase shifting. Phase-shifting leads to what has been termed phase music. Minimal compositions that rely heavily on process techniques that follow strict rules are usually described as process music.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 23,
"passage": "terry riley",
"start": 12,
"text": "Terry Riley"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Eddie Yost | [
{
"indices": [
46,
61
],
"target": "Batting average (baseball)"
},
{
"indices": [
73,
91
],
"target": "On-base percentage"
},
{
"indices": [
136,
143
],
"target": "Double (baseball)"
},
{
"indices": [
264,
282
],... | p_4679 | In 1950, Yost posted career-highs with a .295 batting average and a .440 on-base percentage. In 1951 he led the American League with 36 doubles and produced a career-high 65 runs batted in. He earned a place as a reserve player for the American League team in the 1952 All-Star Game. Between August 30, 1949 and May 11, 1955, Yost played in 829 consecutive games for the Senators, the ninth longest consecutive game streak in major league history. Yost's home run totals were diminished by having to play his home games in Washington's cavernous Griffith Stadium. Between 1944 and 1953, he hit only 3 home runs at home while hitting 52 home runs on the road.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 214,
"passage": "1952 major league baseball all-star game",
"start": 199,
"text": "National League"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": ... |
Caught in a Moment | [
{
"indices": [
70,
106
],
"target": "Bristol International Balloon Fiesta"
},
{
"indices": [
225,
240
],
"target": "Amelle Berrabah"
},
{
"indices": [
280,
299
],
"target": "Sheffield City Hall"
},
{
"indices": [
350,
... | p_4680 | The Sugababes performed "Caught in a Moment" on 12 August 2004 at the Bristol International Balloon Fiesta, which is one of Europe's biggest balloon festivals. The third-line up of the band, consisting of Buchanan, Range and Amelle Berrabah, performed "Caught in a Moment" at the Sheffield City Hall in March 2006 as part of their tour in support of Taller in More Ways (2005). According to Dave Simpson of The Guardian, the performance suggested that Berrabah "could trigger an unlikely shift into soul" for the group. The trio performed "Caught in a Moment" at the 100 Club, London on 3 October 2006 as part of a gig, which was in promotion of Overloaded: The Singles Collection. They performed the song as part of the Overloaded tour, and were seated on stools in the centre of the stage. With regard to their performance on 13 April 2007 at the Wembley Arena, London, Ben Rawson-Jones of Digital Spy commented: "Their epiphanic beauty was fully realised with the fragile, emotive nature of Heidi's voice and Keisha's powerful singing". "Caught in a Moment" appeared in the set list for the group's 2008 Change Tour. According to The Journals Kat Keogh, their performance at the Newcastle City Hall "displayed a confident shift from moody pop princesses to sassy Supremes-style harmony".
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
43
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The Sugababes performed \"Caught in a Moment"
},
... |
Gene Kiniski | [
{
"indices": [
160,
169
],
"target": "Starrcade (1983)"
},
{
"indices": [
204,
215
],
"target": "Harley Race"
},
{
"indices": [
273,
291
],
"target": "Stampede Wrestling"
},
{
"indices": [
414,
422
],
"target... | p_4681 | Kiniski remained involved in the sport for a few more years, teaming periodically with his sons, Kelly and Nick, refereeing the main event of the inaugural NWA Starrcade (Ric Flair vs. NWA World Champion Harley Race in a steel cage) in 1983, and later promoting events for Stampede Wrestling and the AWA in Vancouver while occasionally stepping into the ring. His final matches as an active wrestler took place in Winnipeg's West Four Wrestling Alliance on February 25, 1992, defeating "Bulldog" Bob Brown, Bob Ryan and Randy Rudd in singles matches, teaming with Chris Jericho and Lance Storm to battle Brown, The Natural and Gerry Morrow to a no-contest in a six-man match, and being the last man eliminated by Morrow in a battle royal to fill the vacant WFWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship at a WFWA TV taping in Winnipeg. He acted as the cornerman for Dory Funk Jr. in a match between Funk and Nick Bockwinkel (with Verne Gagne) at Slamboree 1993. He was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 1996, and into the Tragos/Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in Newton, Iowa in 2004. In 2000, he was the interim president (commissioner) of All Japan Pro Wrestling's Pacific Wrestling Federation title governing body, but only while they searched for a permanent replacement for Lord James Blears and to present the vacant Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship to the winner of a tournament. The winner turned out to be Genichiro Tenryu; Kiniski left thereafter, and in 2001 the permanent PWF president was announced as Stan Hansen, who had competed in the tournament and lost to Tenryu in the semifinals.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "40",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
240
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Kiniski remained involved in the sport for a few more y... |
EastEnders in popular culture | [
{
"indices": [
3,
19
],
"target": "April Fools' Day"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
39
],
"target": "TheJournal.ie"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
76
],
"target": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
88
],
... | p_4682 | On April Fools' Day 2019, TheJournal.ie published a report on Prime Minister Theresa May's scheduled appearance on that night's special live episode of EastEnders, details of which had been leaked by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar overnight. May's purpose was to issue a final plea for unity as Brexit entered a critical stage. The internet publication featured a photograph of May in The Queen Victoria pub, with the caption "Rehearsal shot of hostile locals witnessing May's arrival". It even went so far as to compose fake documents to back up its claim, including a draft script said to have been provided by the BBC to highlight the ever-changing difficulties of keeping up with political events as they rapidly unfolded: "'This is the 416th draft' the source said. 'And her appearance was only confirmed at the start of March. Brexit won't stop f*****g, c*****g changing every two seconds. It's driving the actors mad.'" A short video clip shows actor Adam Woodyatt (who portrays the character of Ian Beale) being comforted by colleague Steve McFadden (who portrays the character Phil Mitchell), as Woodyatt bursts into tears due to the protracted rehearsals. The preliminary script — which, TheJournal.ie reminded readers, was "contingent on what the hell happens in Brexit over the course of today" — had Dot Cotton (played by June Brown) gasping as Theresa May enters the pub. May, having begun her speech, is interrupted by Mick Carter (played by Danny Dyer) who knocks over a pint and a chair in his efforts to have the Prime Minister leave the pub. May departs and perches herself despondently on a park bench, whereupon Kat Slater (played by Jessie Wallace) approaches her with "Alright love? What's getting you down?" May tells Slater she has already blamed everyone — the Irish, the Democratic Unionist Party, the European Union — and is at a loss for who is left for her to find fault with now. Slater advises her to be honest. May finds solace in this, thanks Slater, remarks on the chilliness of the night and Slater hands the Prime Minister her leopard print jacket to put on. May returns to the pub and seemingly converts all the customers bar Dot Cotton, who is promptly ejected onto the street.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 26,
"passage": "steve mcfadden",
"start": 12,
"text": "Steve McFadden"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": ... |
Spears Motorsports | [
{
"indices": [
9,
25
],
"target": "Bill France Jr."
},
{
"indices": [
143,
170
],
"target": "Dale Earnhardt, Inc."
},
{
"indices": [
316,
336
],
"target": "Lucas Oil 150"
},
{
"indices": [
452,
471
],
"target... | p_4683 | In 1995, Bill France, Jr. announced the official formation of the NASCAR SuperTruck Series by Craftsman. With Hornaday already signed to drive Dale Earnhardt Incorporated's No. 16 truck, the Spears family turned back to Bill Sedgwick, who would debut their white No. 75 Spears Manufacturing Chevrolet at PIR for the Copper World Classic. Sedgwick would finish 12th in the first ever truck race. Spears proved its competitiveness by winning the pole at Mesa Marin Speedway. Spears Motorsports's first season in the trucks netted them 1 pole, 6 top 5s, and 13 top 10s for a seventh-place points finish. Sedgwick left for Darrell Waltrip Motorsports in 1996, and Spears brought on driver Bobby Gill, who was a consistent top 20 finisher but released after Louisville despite gaining four top tens. Gill was replaced by Busch Series driver Nathan Buttke, who had 7 top 10 starts, but only 3 top 10 finishes and 7 DNF's. Buttke was released for Dan Press who also struggled and had 4 DNF's. Press was soon replaced by another West Series driver, Kevin Harvick, who had made two previous starts in the No. 79 Chevrolet at Tucson and Louisville, finishing in the top 20. Harvick would struggle with only an average season of mid pack finishes but garnered two 8th-place finishes. Harvick ran the full 1998 season except for Nashville, where Lonnie Rush Jr. drove the No. 75 truck but crashed. Despite three consecutive DNF's at the beginning of the year, Harvick and team rallied back to finish 17th in points, with 3 top 5s and 5 top 10s. Harvick would leave Spears for Jim Herrick's team in 1999, and was replaced by Rush, who struggled and was replaced by Marty Houston, who gave the team a top 10 at Nazareth. Houston returned in 2000, scoring 1 top 5 and 10 top 10s to finish 12th in points. His success raised the eyebrows of Armando Fitz, who got him into his Busch Series car for 2001. Another future USAR driver, Billy Bigley, took the reins of the No. 75, resulting in 1 top 5 and 8 top 10s for a 13th-place points finish.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "31",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
1533,
1705
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Harvick would leave Spears for Jim Herrick's team i... |
Chicago Bears | [
{
"indices": [
0,
10
],
"target": "Mike Ditka"
},
{
"indices": [
14,
23
],
"target": "Tight end"
},
{
"indices": [
43,
47
],
"target": "1961 Chicago Bears season"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
55
],
"target": "1966 C... | p_4684 | Mike Ditka, a tight end for the Bears from 1961 to 1966, was hired to coach the team by George Halas in 1982. His gritty personality earned him the nickname "Iron Mike". The team reached the NFC Championship game in 1984. In the 1985 season the fire in the Bears–Packers rivalry was re-lit when Ditka used 315 pound defensive tackle "Refrigerator" Perry as a running back in a touchdown play at Lambeau Field, against the Packers. The Bears won their ninth NFL Championship, first since the AFL-NFL merger, in Super Bowl XX after the 1985 season in which they dominated the NFL with their then-revolutionary 46 defense and a cast of characters that recorded the novelty rap song "The Super Bowl Shuffle". The season was notable in that the Bears had only one loss, the "unlucky 13th" game of the season, a Monday night affair in which they were defeated by the Miami Dolphins. At the time, much was made of the fact that the Dolphins were the only franchise in history to have had an undefeated season and post-season. The Dolphins came close to setting up a rematch in the Super Bowl, but lost to the New England Patriots in the AFC title game. "The Super Bowl Shuffle" was videotaped the day after that Monday night loss in Miami.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 92,
"passage": "william perry (american football)",
"start": 88,
"text": "1962"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"i... |
Taşburun, Karakoyunlu | [
{
"indices": [
50,
57
],
"target": "Oghuz Turks"
},
{
"indices": [
85,
92
],
"target": "Seljuq dynasty"
},
{
"indices": [
165,
172
],
"target": "Mongol Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
192,
206
],
"target": "Ottoman... | p_4685 | According to mayor's page Taşburun was founded by Turkmen tribe named Taşburun after Seljuks annexed the area to their realm in 1064. In 1239 it was captured by the Mongols and in 1514 by the Ottoman Empire. It was ceded to Safavid Persia by the Treaty of Istanbul (1736) . In 1746 it was returned to Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Kerden but lost to Russian Empire by the Treaty of San Stefano signed after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). At the end of the First World War it was returned to Turkey. In 1993 it was declared a seat of township.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
133
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "According to mayor's page Taşburun was founded by Turkmen t... |
Earl's Court | [
{
"indices": [
74,
89
],
"target": "William Edwardes, 2nd Baron Kensington"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
178
],
"target": "Counter's Creek"
},
{
"indices": [
188,
204
],
"target": "Kensington Canal"
},
{
"indices": [
268,
... | p_4686 | The original catalyst for development was the ill-fated vanity project by Lord Kensington (died 1852) which consisted of the two-mile conversion of the insanitary Counter's Creek into the Kensington Canal (1826 onwards), followed by its eventual replacement first by "Mr Punch's railway", opened in 1844 and next, by the Metropolitan District Railway in 1865–69, which eventually became London Underground's District Line and was joined after 1907 by the Piccadilly line. Meanwhile, the congestion apparent in London and Middlesex for burials at the start of the century was causing public concern not least on health grounds. In 1837 a decision was made to lay out a new burial ground on the edge of Earl's Court in an outlying area of Brompton. The moving spirit behind the project was the engineer, Stephen Geary. It was necessary to form a company in order to get parliamentary permission to raise capital for the proposal. Securing the land – some 40 acres – from local landowner, Lord Kensington and the Equitable Gas Light Company, as well as raising the money proved an extended challenge. After two years the cemetery was duly established by Act of Parliament and laid out in 1839, it opened in 1840, originally as the West of London and Westminster Cemetery. It was consecrated by Charles James Blomfield, Bishop of London in June 1840, and is now one of Britain's oldest and most distinguished garden cemeteries, served by the adjacent West Brompton station.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "year",
"answer_value": "1",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
363,
470
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "which eventually became London Underground's District L... |
Bill Bonko | [
{
"indices": [
43,
66
],
"target": "1995 Edmonton municipal election"
},
{
"indices": [
104,
127
],
"target": "Edmonton Public Schools"
},
{
"indices": [
176,
180
],
"target": "1998 Edmonton municipal election"
},
{
"indices": [... | p_4687 | Bonko first sought political office in the 1995 municipal election, when he was elected to the Board of Edmonton Public Schools as trustee for Ward A. He was re-elected in the 1998 and 2001 elections. He did not seek re-election at the conclusion of his third term. Instead, he ran for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in Edmonton Decore in the 2004 provincial election as a Liberal. He won 44.63% of the vote and defeated his opponents, who included former MLA Walter Szwender who was running for the Progressive Conservatives and Gary Masyk, an incumbent MLA whose riding had been abolished and who had crossed the floor to become the Alberta Alliance's first MLA after being elected as PC. He did not sponsor any bills during his time in the legislature, and was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Janice Sarich in the 2008 election.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
35
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Bonko first sought political office"
}
],
"qid... |
Stephen H. Weed | [
{
"indices": [
54,
61
],
"target": "Captain (United States O-3)"
},
{
"indices": [
82,
111
],
"target": "5th U.S. Artillery, Battery I"
},
{
"indices": [
140,
151
],
"target": "Camp Curtin"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
179... | p_4688 | With the outbreak of the Civil War, Weed was promoted captain of the newly formed Battery I, 5th U.S. Artillery in May 1861. He remained at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, training his crews until the spring of 1862, when they served in the Peninsula Campaign and at Second Bull Run. He commanded his battery during the fierce artillery duel at Antietam. Promoted to command of all the artillery of the V Corps, his guns were in action at the Battle of Fredericksburg. From December 1862 through January 1863, he was stationed at Falmouth, Virginia. After a short leave of absence, he took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville, commanding the artillery of the 2nd Division, V Corps. On June 6, 1863, Weed left the regular army artillery to accept a commission as a brigadier general in the volunteer army. He was assigned command of 3rd Brigade in the 2nd Division, V Corps.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
124
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "With the outbreak of the Civil War, Weed was promoted capta... |
Peter Burr | [
{
"indices": [
122,
148
],
"target": "Carnegie Mellon University"
},
{
"indices": [
229,
250
],
"target": "List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 2018"
},
{
"indices": [
254,
262
],
"target": "Sundance Film Festival"
},
{
"in... | p_4689 | Peter Burr is a digital and new media artist based in Brooklyn, New York, born August 3, 1980. Having received a BFA from Carnegie Mellon University in 2002, Peter specializes in animation and installation. He has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Sundance New Frontier Story Lab Fellowship, a Creative Capital Award, and film/video prizes at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2016, among others. His work has been exhibited at The Zabludowicz Collection, The Institute for Contemporary Art, Richmond, 3-Legged Dog in New York, San Francisco Cinematheque's experimental festival CROSSROADS, Supernova Digital Animation Festival in Denver, Documenta 14 in Athens, and Centre Pompidou in Paris. He was also a touring member of the collective MOBILIVRE-BOOKMOBILE. In 2005, he founded the video label and touring animation roadshow Cartune Xprez. He was an artist-in-residence at MacDowell Colony and the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts. In 2015, he was named one of the "best unrepresented artists."
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 103,
"passage": "macdowell colony",
"start": 90,
"text": "New Hampshire"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices"... |
James N. Post III | [
{
"indices": [
54,
92
],
"target": "United States Army Command and General Staff College"
},
{
"indices": [
96,
112
],
"target": "Fort Leavenworth"
},
{
"indices": [
144,
156
],
"target": "The Pentagon"
},
{
"indices": [
2... | p_4690 | From July 1996 to May 1997, Post was a student at the Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was then posted to The Pentagon in Washington, DC, as Operations Officer, Western Hemisphere, Operations Directorate (J3) in June 1997. He graduated from the Armed Forces Staff College in 1998. In July and August 1999, completed the F-16 transition course at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona. He was an F-16 Evaluation Pilot with the 77th Fighter Squadron, Operations Officer with the 79th Fighter Squadron, and then commander of the 55th Fighter Squadron, all at Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina. From July 2002 to June 2003, he was a student at the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, earning a Master of Strategic Studies degree. He was Senior Deputy Commander of the 56th Operations Group at Luke Air Force Base from July 2003 to March 2004, and Vice Commander of the 388th Fighter Wing at Hill Air Force Base in Utah from April 2004 to July 2006. He was in charge of Standardization and Evaluation with the Twelfth Air Force at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona from August 2006 to January 2007. He commanded the 20th Fighter Wing at Shaw Air Force Base from February 2007 to October 2008, and then the 609th Air and Space Operations Center at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. He flew 280 combat sorties. From August 2009 until January 2010, he was Director of Plans and Requirements at Headquarters, Twelfth Air Force. From February 2010 to August 2012, he was commander of the 354th Fighter Wing at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 110,
"passage": "the pentagon",
"start": 75,
"text": "United States Department of Defense"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{... |
New Zealand national football team | [
{
"indices": [
31,
45
],
"target": "College soccer"
},
{
"indices": [
152,
174
],
"target": "Scotland national football team"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
186
],
"target": "Bobby Clark (footballer)"
},
{
"indices": [
291,
... | p_4691 | Since the 1990s, United States college soccer has played a significant role in the development of New Zealand players. This influence began when former Scotland international Bobby Clark returned to the U.S. after his 1994–96 stint as New Zealand head coach to take the head coaching job at Stanford University (he now holds the same position at Notre Dame). Clark began recruiting in New Zealand, and former New Zealand national players Ryan Nelsen and Simon Elliott played for him at Stanford. The trend that Clark started has continued to the present; more than two dozen New Zealanders are now playing for NCAA Division I men's programs in the U.S. A common next step in these players' career paths is a stint in Major League Soccer; ESPN soccernet journalist Brent Latham speculated in a March 2010 story that New Zealand's 2010 FIFA World Cup squad could have more MLS players than the U.S. squad. However, Latham's speculation did not prove true, as only one MLS player made the New Zealand squad for the World Cup. New Zealand formerly competed against Australia for top honours in the OFC. However, after Australia left to join the AFC in 2006, New Zealand were left as the only seeded team in the OFC. New Zealand qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup though exited the competition after the first round despite being the only team not to lose a game during the tournament. The tournament also featured one of New Zealand's most notable results, a 1–1 draw with the then world champions Italy. New Zealand drew their other two pool games with Slovakia and Paraguay and ultimately finished above Italy, who placed last, in the group. New Zealand drew all three games and finished third in their group. New Zealand were also the only undefeated team in the entire tournament thanks to Spain's defeat to Switzerland.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
359,
449
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Clark began recruiting in New Zealand, and former New Z... |
Oh Land discography | [
{
"indices": [
14,
21
],
"target": "Oh Land"
},
{
"indices": [
59,
73
],
"target": "Extended play"
},
{
"indices": [
84,
91
],
"target": "Single (music)"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
175
],
"target": "Music video"
... | p_4692 | Danish singer Oh Land has released five studio albums, two extended plays (EPs), 20 singles (including two as a featured artist), five promotional singles, and 13 music videos. When signed to Fake Diamond Records, Oh Land released her debut album, Fauna, in November 2008. Following a performance at the 2009 SXSW event, she met a representative from Epic Records and signed with the label. She released her major-label debut single "Sun of a Gun" in October 2010, which charted in five countries and served as the lead single to her 2011 self-titled studio album. Oh Land peaked at number five in Denmark and also entered the Billboard 200 in the United States. It would go on to be certified Platinum for selling over 20,000 copies in the former country. The album spawned four additional singles, including "Wolf & I", "Voodoo", "White Nights", and "Speak Out Now"; the latter two songs both within the top twenty in Oh Land's native Denmark and were also certified Gold by IFPI Denmark.
| [] |
Tahirpur Upazila | [
{
"indices": [
10,
27
],
"target": "Conquest of Sylhet"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
84
],
"target": "Shah Jalal"
},
{
"indices": [
180,
187
],
"target": "Khanqah"
},
{
"indices": [
256,
261
],
"target": "Mazar (mau... | p_4693 | After the Conquest of Taraf in 1304, Shah Arifin Rafiuddin, a disciple of Shah Jalal, migrated and settled in present-day Tahirpur where he preached Islam to the local people. His khanqah also remains here in Sarping/Laurergarh but the part containing his mazar is on the other side of the border in Meghalaya on top of Laur Hill. Tahirpur contained the village of Nabagram, now in Badaghat Union, which served as the capital of the Laur Kingdom. In the 18th century, Tahirpur became a part of Brajendra Kishore Roy Chowdhury's zamindari based in Gouripur House in Mymensingh. Tahirpur was then a predominantly Hindu-populated area. During this period, the local council resolved a false accusation against a Bengali Muslim by the name of Tahir Ali. Following this, Tahir Ali settled in this area and named his village Tahirpur. Tahirpur was founded as a thana in 1924 named after the village of Tahirpur. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, refugee camps were set up in the nearby Khasi and Jaintia Hills. During the Bhashan Pani movement from 1997 to 1998, ten peasants were murdered with many also being arrested or kept confined.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 481,
"passage": "shah jalal",
"start": 475,
"text": "Sylhet"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Martha Reeves | [
{
"indices": [
63,
86
],
"target": "Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
125
],
"target": "Fairy Tales (film)"
},
{
"indices": [
156,
166
],
"target": "Quincy, M.E."
},
{
"indices": [
211,
... | p_4694 | Having moved to Los Angeles, Reeves took acting classes at the Lee Strasberg Institute, and appeared in the movie Fairy Tales, and on the television series Quincy, ME. Reeves also appeared on game shows such as Hollywood Squares. In 1977, with the help of former Motown producer Frank Wilson, Reeves became a born-again Christian, joining the Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church, pastored by Rev. EV Hill. She released one album on Arista, working with Clive Davis, the Chairmen of the Board's General Johnson and others, and two albums on the Fantasy label, working with other former Motown colleagues Hank Cosby and Holland, Dozier and Holland. In 1983, she performed solo on the famed Motown 25 special. She then performed in a Broadway production of Ain't Misbehavin' and reunited with original members of the Vandellas in 1989 both on record (recording for the London-based Motorcity Records that year issuing the single "Step into My Shoes") and on tour. In 1995, Reeves and the Vandellas were inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and were inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2003. Martha performed as part of the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, with her sisters, and current Vandellas, Lois and Delphine Reeves. In 2004, Reeves released her first album in 24 years, Home to You, with songs she wrote and produced herself except for a Billie Holiday cover and an updated version of her big hit, "Jimmy Mack". Between leaving the Vandellas and her solo career, Martha served as an early contributor to the music newspaper, Soul, for which she was honored for by the Black Women in Publishing organization. She was also honored for her best-selling 1995 autobiography, Dancing in the Street.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 383,
"passage": "lee strasberg theatre and film institute",
"start": 379,
"text": "1969"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
2013 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21 | [
{
"indices": [
140,
158
],
"target": "Alberto Contador"
},
{
"indices": [
159,
173
],
"target": "Tinkoff (cycling team)"
},
{
"indices": [
214,
230
],
"target": "Mark Cavendish"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
254
],
... | p_4695 | The 13th stage saw a big change in the general classification due to crosswinds leading to the formation of echelons. A 15 man group led by Alberto Contador's Team Saxo Bank, with the help of eventual stage winner Mark Cavendish's Omega Pharma-Quick Step and Bauke Mollema's Belkin Pro Cycling used the crosswinds to make a gap with other General Classification riders 31 kilometers from the finish to form the echelons. Then again This helped Contador gain 1'09" on - among others - Chris Froome, Nairo Quintana and Joaquim Rodriguez. The biggest victim however was the number 2 in the General Classification at that point: Alejandro Valverde. He lost 9'54" after having a puncture at a critical point in the race. The stage saw escapees Bauke Mollema move to second, Alberto Contador to third, Roman Kreuziger to fourth, Laurens ten Dam to fifth and Jakob Fuglsang to sixth in the General Classification. Chris Froome retained the yellow jersey, while Alejandro Valverde dropped to 16th.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
118,
420
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "A 15 man group led by Alberto Contador's Team Saxo Bank, ... |
Walter Trautzsch | [
{
"indices": [
39,
48
],
"target": "Lengefeld"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
94
],
"target": "Erzgebirgskreis"
},
{
"indices": [
104,
112
],
"target": "Chemnitz"
},
{
"indices": [
145,
152
],
"target": "Bohemia"
},... | p_4696 | Walter Ehrengott Trautzsch was born at Lengefeld, a small industrial town in the mining region south of Chemnitz, and close to the frontier with Bohemia. His parents worked in the weaving trade. His father is also described as a building worker in at least one source. Walter was the sixth of his parents' seven recorded children. On leaving school, Walter Trautzch successfully completed an apprenticeship in industrial metal forming (als "Metalldrücker"), which was the trade from which he would earn his living, working in various German towns and cities, till 1929. He joined the recently formed Communist Party in June 1923, and participated in the Hamburg Uprising in October of that year. That led to his imprisonment, but he was released in December 1923. He spent six months in Switzerland, but then in 1926 found work closer to home, in Chemnitz. In 1929 his period as an itinerant labourer came to an end when he returned to Lengefeld. A period of unemployment followed, as Germany was badly impacted the backwash from the Wall Street Crash.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
113
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Walter Ehrengott Trautzsch was born at Lengefeld, a small i... |
George R. Gallagher | [
{
"indices": [
22,
44
],
"target": "New Haven, Connecticut"
},
{
"indices": [
97,
107
],
"target": "Tenleytown"
},
{
"indices": [
124,
140
],
"target": "Washington, D.C."
},
{
"indices": [
174,
202
],
"target... | p_4697 | Gallagher was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and moved with his mother and four siblings to the Tenleytown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the 1920s. He graduated from George Washington University and the Columbus School of Law at the Catholic University of America. Before and after World War II he worked at the United States Department of Justice Criminal Division, serving in the United States Army during the war. In 1952, Gallagher became general counsel of the Subversive Activities Control Board. He entered private practice in 1959 and worked as an advance man for the presidential campaigns of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. In 1967, President Johnson nominated him for the D.C. Court of Appeals, and in 1968 he was confirmed.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 202,
"passage": "George R. Gallagher",
"start": 173,
"text": " George Washington University"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
... |
Call Me Madam | [
{
"indices": [
35,
44
],
"target": "LP record"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
124
],
"target": "RCA Records"
},
{
"indices": [
191,
204
],
"target": "Decca Records"
},
{
"indices": [
372,
386
],
"target": "Gordon Jen... | p_4698 | In a highly unusual situation, two LP albums of the score were released. The recording rights had been granted to RCA Victor, which had invested in the show, but Merman was under contract to Decca Records, which refused to allow her to record the original cast album. Decca issued a 10-inch LP featuring Merman singing some of her songs, accompanied by arranger-conductor Gordon Jenkins and His Orchestra and Chorus, with vocalizing by Dick Haymes (who joined Merman in the show's biggest hit, "You're Just in Love", their single reaching Billboard magazine's number 30 for a week) and Eileen Wilson (who sang "It's a Lovely Day Today" with Haymes). RCA Victor went ahead with the original cast album replacing Merman with Dinah Shore. Merman was called back into the Decca studios to record additional songs from the show, and the label quickly re-released the album as a 12-inch LP under the title Ethel Merman: 12 Songs from Call Me Madam. The Victor album sold reasonably well, attaining the sixth spot on the Billboard popular album charts, but the LP was out of print from 1956 until RCA Red Seal reissued it briefly in 1977. Peaking at number two on Billboards popular album charts, Merman's Decca recording, which would appear on MCA Records beginning in 1973, stayed steadily in print until the end of the LP era. Merman's Madam album currently is available on a Decca Broadway CD, which also features Merman singing four Cole Porter tunes from the stage score of Panama Hattie (1940).
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
73,
266
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The recording rights had been granted to RCA Victor, which... |
2018 Rallye Deutschland | [
{
"indices": [
25,
40
],
"target": "Sébastien Ogier"
},
{
"indices": [
117,
126
],
"target": "Ott Tänak"
},
{
"indices": [
247,
263
],
"target": "Thierry Neuville"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
308
],
"target": "Elf... | p_4699 | Five-time world champion Sébastien Ogier was the fastest man to finish the day other than the defending rally winner Ott Tänak, who set five out of six fastest stage times and built a 12.3-second lead over the Frenchman, while championship leader Thierry Neuville was another 15.1 seconds behind. Elfyn Evans climbed up three places in the afternoon loop and edged Jari-Matti Latvala by a second. Dani Sordo completed the day in sixth, only one-tenth of a second ahead of Esapekka Lappi, who failed to come to terms with dirt dragged onto the roads by the early starters. Craig Breen lost some time due to being caught in a heavy rain shower in the early stage in the eighth place, followed by Andreas Mikkelsen, who was struggling with his i20's handling and chose to change his driving style, in ninth, only one second behind. Teemu Suninen, driving a third Fiesta, in tenth. Lacking of power caused Mads Østberg to fail to find the pace like Finland, which made him cleared the day off the leaderboard in eleventh overall.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 27,
"passage": "sébastien ogier",
"start": 12,
"text": "Sébastien Ogier"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices"... |
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