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Cinema of Turkey | [
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... | p_4700 | Cinema of Turkey, also known as Yeşilçam (literally means The Green Pine in Turkish language) (), is the sobriquet that refers to the Turkish film art and industry. It is an important part of Turkish culture, and has flourished over the years, delivering entertainment to audiences in Turkey, expatriates across Europe, and more recently prospering in the Arab world and in rare cases, the United States. The first film exhibited in the Ottoman Empire was the Lumière Brothers' 1895 film, L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat, which was shown in Istanbul in 1896. The first Turkish-made film was a documentary entitled Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı (Demolition of the Russian Monument at San Stefano), directed by Fuat Uzkınay and completed in 1914. The first narrative film, Sedat Simavi's The Spy, was released in 1917. Turkey's first sound film was shown in 1931.
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Fanny (band) | [
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"t... | p_4701 | Perry produced the band's first three albums, beginning with Fanny in 1970. Because of the connection to Perry and Reprise Records, Barclay was invited to tour with Joe Cocker as a backing singer, and consequently appeared on the album Mad Dogs and Englishmen. The group's cover of Cream's "Badge" from the first album had significant radio airplay. The follow-up album, Charity Ball was released the following year, and its title track reached #40 on the Billboard Hot 100. The members of Fanny also worked as session musicians, and played on Barbra Streisand's 1971 album Barbra Joan Streisand, after Streisand had wanted to record with a small band. The group continued to pick up well-known fans; David Bowie sent the group a letter admiring their work and invited the band to a post-show party where he showed them mime techniques. With young engineer Leslie Ann Jones as their road manager and live sound mixer, Fanny toured worldwide, opening for Slade, Jethro Tull and Humble Pie, gaining widespread popularity in the United Kingdom. A 1971 article in Sounds remarked that the group "seems that they are the support group to everyone these days". The group made several live television appearances during tours, including The Sonny and Cher Show, American Bandstand, The Old Grey Whistle Test and Beat-Club.
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Quincy Adeboyejo | [
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"indices":... | p_4702 | Adeboyejo made contributions in twelve games of his junior season with the Rebels. In the season opener against UT Martin at home, he had a 15-yard touchdown reception from Chad Kelly in the 76-3 victory over the Skyhawks. The next week, he had a career day against Fresno State in a 73-21 home victory. He had five receptions for 120 yards and three touchdowns. The three touchdowns were a 16-yard reception, 50-yard reception, and a 44-yard reception from Chad Kelly. The next game for the Rebels would be against Alabama. In the third quarter of the game, Chad Kelly fielded a bad snap and threw the ball high in the air in an attempt to get the ball to wide receiver Laquon Treadwell in double coverage. The ball bounced off of Treadwell and the two Alabama defenders into the hands of Adeboyejo, who took the pass 66 yards for a touchdown. The touchdown was vital in the Rebels' 43-37 upset victory over the Crimson Tide at Bryant–Denny Stadium. On October 17, against Memphis at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium, he caught a 68-yard touchdown from Treadwell on a trick play. The Rebels would lose to the Tigers in a 37-24 upset though. Against Arkansas in a 53-52 overtime defeat at home, he had a crucial 18-yard touchdown reception from Chad Kelly in the fourth quarter to give Ole Miss a late lead in the game, which did not hold. Against Oklahoma State in the 2016 Sugar Bowl at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, he was held to one reception for 23 yards in the 48-20 victory. Overall, in his junior season, Adeboyejo had 38 receptions for 604 yards and seven touchdowns.
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"text": "Against Oklahoma State in the 2016 Sugar Bowl at th... |
Adam Forshaw | [
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3... | p_4703 | Forshaw joined Brentford permanently on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee in May 2012. He scored the first professional goal of his career in a 1–0 victory over Oldham Athletic on 22 September 2012. Forshaw received the first red card of his career after picking up a second yellow card in a 2–1 league victory over Crawley Town on 26 February 2013. After Brentford missed out on automatic promotion to the Championship following a 1–0 defeat to Doncaster Rovers, it was Forshaw who scored the winning penalty in the playoff semi-final shoot-out against Swindon Town to send the Bees to the final. Forshaw played in the final against Yeovil Town at Wembley Stadium, but a 2–1 defeat consigned Brentford to another season in League One. He made 53 appearances during the 2012–13 season and scored three goals.
| [
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"text": "it was Forshaw who scored the winning penalty in the p... |
John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon | [
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"indices": [... | p_4704 | John Courtenay is said to have been originally intended for a career in the church. He was knighted by his brother, Thomas Courtenay, 6th/14th Earl of Devon, after the Battle of Wakefield. After the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, the future King Edward IV of England marched and took the capital from the Lancastrians. Parliament voted an attainder on his opposition, and John declared a traitor. The effect of the attainder was to terminate the Barony of Okehampton (creation 1299), so that the Earldom inherited from the Redvers family was in abeyance, passing laterally to the descendants of Courtenay's sisters The new King, Edward IV, marched north and sealed his reign with the bloody victory at the Battle of Towton, following which his brother was beheaded. About 1465, Courtenay was in exile in France with Queen Margaret of Anjou (wife of King Henry VI of England). He was titular Earl of Devon from 1469.
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Lisa Lisa | [
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"target": "Nickelodeon"
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"target": "Taina (TV seri... | p_4705 | Lisa Lisa released a solo album called LL77 in 1994, which included the moderate club hit "When I Fell In Love" (which was remixed by Junior Vasquez) and the notable single "Skip to My Lu", which hit No. 38 on the R&B chart. She resurfaced circa 2001 on the Nickelodeon series Taina, in which she played the title character's mother. On June 24, 2008, Lisa Lisa presented an award at the BET Awards sparking interest that she may be plotting a comeback. In 2009, she released Life 'n Love, a full-length album of new material on Mass Appeal Entertainment featuring the single "Can't Wait" with guest rapper Pitbull. The album also features a cover version of the song "Stand" which was originally performed by Taylor Dayne on her 1998 album Naked without You. In March 2014, she appeared with Stevie B., TKA, Sa-Fire, and others at the eighth annual Forever Freestyle showcase at the Lehman College Center for the Performing Arts in the Bronx.
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... |
Alpheus Morton | [
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"... | p_4706 | Morton first stood for Parliament at the 1885 general election, when he contested Hythe, and was unsuccessful again in Christchurch at the 1886 election. He won a seat three years later, when he was elected at a by-election in October 1889 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Peterborough, after the death of the Liberal Unionist MP John Wentworth-FitzWilliam, becoming the 81st new MP since the general election in 1886. His victory was unexpected, and when the result was declared he said that he hoped his victory would be seen as a gesture of conciliation Ireland. He was re-elected in 1892, and raised in Parliament the issue of the appointment of Justices of the Peace (magistrates) in April 1893. In November that year, 280 Gladstonian MPs met the Lord Chancellor, Lord Herschell, in the House of Lords to discuss the system. Morton led the response to the Lord Chancellor's explanation and defence of the existing system of appointment, and denounced the reliance on advice from Lord Lieutenants who were entirely dependent on what Morton called "class cliques". He was also a member of a Select Committee set up to examine the accommodation provided for members and officials of the House of Commons. Great Western Railway
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Henry M. Hoenigswald | [
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... | p_4707 | He was educated in the German Gymnasium, where he learned the classical languages, and trained as an Indo-Europeanist and a historical and comparative linguist in universities in Munich, Zurich, Padua, and Florence. His refugee status compelled these moves (his grandparents were Jewish, and by 1933 Jews were forbidden to attend German universities). In 1939 he escaped to the United States, where he was at first a research assistant at Yale. He taught at the University of Pennsylvania from 1948 until his retirement in 1985. He was a member of the Linguistic Society of America, of which he was elected President in 1958, and a member of the American Philosophical Society for more than 30 years. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He spent a year at Oxford in 1976 and was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 1986.
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Rachel Weisz | [
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... | p_4708 | For playing a murdered activist in the 2005 thriller The Constant Gardener, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and for playing Blanche DuBois in a 2009 revival of A Streetcar Named Desire, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress. In the 2010s, Weisz continued to star in big-budget films such as the action film The Bourne Legacy (2012) and the fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), and gained acclaim for her performances in the independent films The Deep Blue Sea (2011) and The Favourite (2018). For portraying Sarah Churchill in the latter, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and received another Academy Award nomination.
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Curse of Billy Penn | [
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... | p_4709 | Philadelphia sports teams had enjoyed a run of success. Major League Baseball's Phillies won the 1980 World Series and the 1983 National League pennant; the National Hockey League's Flyers won back-to-back Stanley Cups in and , and appeared in the finals in , , , and ; the National Football League's Eagles appeared in Super Bowl XV following the 1980 season, losing to the Oakland Raiders; and the National Basketball Association's 76ers swept the 1983 NBA Finals, as well as making the finals in , , and . Before 1980, the Phillies had appeared in only two other World Series, in and , and the Eagles had won no NFC conference championships since the 1966 agreement that had created the Super Bowl, while the 76ers won NBA titles in both Philadelphia and in their previous incarnation, the Syracuse Nationals. The Villanova Wildcats won the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball tournament, in one of the most famous upsets in sports history. Construction on One Liberty Place began in 1985, two years after the last championship season in Philadelphia.
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The Pin Up Girls | [
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... | p_4710 | The Pin Up Girls are a girl group and dance troupe, founded by New York City native Vixen Romeo in 2005, which began as a burlesque-style performance group based in Los Angeles. Performing at Hollywood's most notorious venues such as The Viper Room Key Club and Roxy the girls quickly gained local attention with their girl-on-girl themed, tribal fusion belly dance, burlesque and hip hop routines. Between 2006-2008 The Pin Up Girls started to become poster girls for the lesbian scene with performances for Curve (magazine), a guest appearance on LOGO network's reality series Curl Girls, a web series segment on AfterEllen, a performance for the LGBT community hosted by Jane Lynch, and performances in Margaret Cho's Sensuous Woman Show. In 2008 The Pin Up Girls first recorded single "There She Goes...She's Real Fly" was picked up to be played on Showtime's hit lesbian series The L Word. In 2009 The Pin Up Girls music video, "There She Goes...She's Real Fly" premiered on Logo (TV channel) (an MTV network), on New Now Next Pop Lab. The Pin Up Girls' "Girl Candy," filmed in N.Y. and L.A., was released in 2011. The Pin Up Girls' "Pretty Things", featuring actress Elaine Hendrix, was filmed in L.A. by Director Joe LaRue in 2012 and was released in June 2012.
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Ichiro Suzuki | [
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"target": ... | p_4711 | Ichiro made his NPB Pacific League debut in 1992 for the Orix BlueWave at the age of 18, but he spent most of his first two seasons in the farm system (accumulating 156 minor league hits and a .368 batting average) because his then-manager, Shōzō Doi, refused to accept Ichiro's unorthodox swing. The swing was nicknamed because of the pendulum-like motion of his leg, which shifts his weight forward as he swings the bat, and goes against conventional hitting theory. In his second career game, he recorded his first ichi-gun (Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball League) hit in the Pacific League against Hawks pitcher Keiji Kimura. Even though he hit in 1993 a home run against Hideo Nomo, who later won an MLB National League Rookie of the Year Award while a Los Angeles Dodger, Ichiro was nevertheless sent back to the farm system on that very day. In 1994, he benefited from the arrival of a new manager, Akira Ōgi, who played him every day in the second spot of the lineup. He was eventually moved to the leadoff spot, where his immediate productivity dissolved any misgivings about his unconventional swing. He set a Japanese single-season record with 210 hits, the first player ever to top 200 hits in a single season. Five other players have since done so: Matt Murton, Norichika Aoki (twice), Alex Ramírez, Tsuyoshi Nishioka, and Shogo Akiyama's 216 hits in 2015, but those players benefited from 140+ game seasons while Ichiro's 210 hits had come in a 130-game season.
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"text": "Even though he hit in 1993 a home run against Hideo Nomo,... |
Mark Mitchell (American figure skater) | [
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... | p_4712 | Mitchell currently works as a coach with former Swedish national champion Peter Johansson at the Skating Club of Boston. Their students include 2012 Skate America Silver Medalist Christina Gao, 2007 World Junior champion Stephen Carriere, 2008 Eastern Sectional champion Katrina Hacker, 2007 US National junior pewter medalist Curran Oi, 2007 Eastern Sectional champion Kylie Gleason, two time Junior Grand Prix gold medalist Juliana Cannarozzo, 2008 US National junior bronze medalist Brittney Rizo, 2007 Canadian Junior Champion Dana Zhalko-Tytarenko, and 2009 US National Junior Champion Ross Miner. They formerly coached 2003 U.S. pewter medalist Scott Smith, 2007 US National silver medalist Emily Hughes, 2004 US National Junior silver medalist Jason Wong, 2003 US National Novice bronze medalist Jessica Houston, and 2003 US National Junior Champion Erica Archambault.
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Young Britons' Foundation | [
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... | p_4713 | As of September 2010, YBF's "advisory board" includes Matthew Elliott, founder of the UK TaxPayers' Alliance, and representatives of the Heritage Foundation (a US conservative thinktank), US Competitive Enterprise Institute and American Conservative Union (a US conservative lobbying organisation). It also includes the founder of the US Leadership Institute, the President of the US Jesse Helms Center, the President of the Young America's Foundation, the co-founder of the US Henry Jackson Society and a former Executive Director of the Collegiate Network. British representatives include Professor Patrick Minford, blogger Iain Dale (who resigned in the same year) and two local councillors. Liam Fox, the shadow defence secretary, was a member of the YBF's parliamentary council. Conor Burns was until shortly before becoming an MP in 2010 the vice-president of YBF.
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Rhaunen | [
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"target": "Departments of F... | p_4714 | In the course of the French occupation of the lands on the Rhine’s left bank in the wake of the Treaty of Lunéville, Rhaunen was grouped into the Department of Sarre, the arrondissement of Birkenfeld and the canton of Rhaunen. After the French withdrew in 1814, Rhaunen found itself in Prussia’s new Rhine Province, also becoming the seat of a Bürgermeisterei (“mayoralty”) in the Bernkastel-Kues district. Parts of the old high court district, however – Bundenbach, for instance – now belonged to the Principality of Birkenfeld, an exclave of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, most of whose territory was in what is now northwest Germany, with a coastline on the North Sea. Even after the First World War, through the Weimar Republic and on through the time of the Third Reich, Rhaunen was the administrative seat for the surrounding villages. In the course of administrative restructuring in the 1960s, the Amt of Rhaunen became the Verbandsgemeinde of Rhaunen in the Birkenfeld district. This arrangement still stands.
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... |
Haim Laskov | [
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"target": "Yaakov ... | p_4715 | Laskov joined the Haganah as a teenager, and served in various units, including Orde Wingate's Special Night Squads. He also served as a personal messenger for Yaakov Dori, who would later become the first Chief of Staff. In 1940, Laskov joined the British Army so that he could participate in World War II. He served in various capacities, and was a commander of the Jewish Brigade which saw action on the Italian front, eventually reaching the rank of major. After the war, he remained in Europe to participate in the Aliyah Bet illegal immigration effort to bring refugee Jews to Palestine. He also took part in various illicit acts of vengeance against the Nazis and their collaborators. Upon eventually returning to Palestine, he rejoined the Haganah, while also working as chief of security for the electric company.
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Edmond Debeaumarché | [
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"target": "Fres... | p_4716 | He was arrested on 3 August 1944 at the Gare Montparnasse, and questioned harshly by the Gestapo at the Rue des Saussaies. He lost consciousness under the beatings but did not divulge any names; he was subsequently held at Fresnes Prison. Debeaumarché was one of the so-called "77,000" (named for the prisoners' numbers, between 76,000 and 78,000), Fresnes prisoners who were transported by train from Pantin to Buchenwald on 15 August 1944. He was moved to the underground factory of Mittelbau-Dora which produced V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets, and posing as an electrical engineer was put to work in the manufacture of the V-1. Maurice Naegelé, a Kapo in the tunnel assembly section, gained the trust of Debeaumarché by relating details of the resistance movement in France. In fact Naegelé had been an agent of the Gestapo, before his deportation. Naegelé denounced Debeaumarché to SS-Oberscharführer Sander, head of surveillance at Mittelbau-Dora. Debeaumarché was arrested with others (including Naegelé) on the night of 3–4 November 1944. They were taken to the Niedersachswerfen SD headquarters, where Naegelé attempted to beat confessions out of the other prisoners. Debeaumarché was sentenced to death on 11 November 1944, but the sentence was not carried out. Instead Debeaumarché was held in solitary confinement, accused of anti-Nazi plotting. In April 1945 he was moved to Bergen-Belsen, where he was liberated during the advance of Allied troops on 15 April 1945 and repatriated to France. On 1 May 1945 he marched down the Champs-Élysées alongside fellow Buchenwald-captive Pierre Dejussieu-Pontcarral.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 19,
"passage": "pantin",
"start": 12,
"text": "Pantin\n"
}
],
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"answer_value": null,
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
34... |
743d Bombardment Squadron | [
{
"indices": [
53,
78
],
"target": "Holloman Air Force Base"
},
{
"indices": [
123,
132
],
"target": "Squadron (aviation)"
},
{
"indices": [
140,
163
],
"target": "455th Air Expeditionary Wing"
},
{
"indices": [
177,
... | p_4717 | The 743d Bombardment Squadron was first activated at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 1 June 1943, one of the four squadrons of the 455th Bombardment Group. The initial cadre for the squadron was drawn from the 302d Bombardment Group. In July, a group cadre was given advanced tactical training by the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base and Pinecastle Army Air Field, Florida. After organizing at Alamogordo, the squadron moved to Utah, where the ground echelon was stationed at Kearns Army Air Base, although flying operations were based at Salt Lake City Army Air Base. After completing training at Langley Field, Virginia, the squadron departed the United States for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in December 1943. The air echelon began staging through Mitchel Field, New York to ferry their Liberators via the southern ferry route. The ground echelon sailed on the SS Charles Brantley Aycock.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
243,
415
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In July, a group cadre was given advanced tactical traini... |
Russian exploration of the Pacific Northwest | [
{
"indices": [
4,
18
],
"target": "Russian Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
62
],
"target": "Pacific Northwest"
},
{
"indices": [
145,
153
],
"target": "Eurasia"
},
{
"indices": [
158,
172
],
"target": "North Am... | p_4718 | The Russian Empire began its interest of the Pacific Northwest in the 18th century, initially curious if there was a land connection between the Eurasian and North American Continents. Two expeditions were led by Vitus Bering, with the findings proving the separation of two continents through the Bering Sea. Being the first European nation to chart much of what comprises the modern American state of Alaska, many locations retain Russian place names. The discovery of sizable fur bearing populations by Bering drew the attention of promyshlenniki previously engaged in the Siberian fur trade. Based out of the Siberian ports of Okhotsk or Petropavlovsk, fur trappers sailed and reported the location of land formations like the Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island and portions of the Alaskan mainland. Relations with Native Alaskans was often terse due to the uncontrolled actions of particular promyshlenniki who killed and raped Indigenous on islands they trapped furs.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
185,
297
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Two expeditions were led by Vitus Bering, with the findin... |
Thomas Canning | [
{
"indices": [
32,
39
],
"target": "Eastman School of Music"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
107
],
"target": "Morningside College"
},
{
"indices": [
124,
158
],
"target": "Indiana University of Pennsylvania"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
... | p_4719 | After receiving his degree from Eastman, Canning taught music theory and composition at Morningside College (1936–1941) and Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1945–1946). In 1946, he took a position with The Royal Conservatory of Music at the University of Toronto, teaching music theory in the RCM's newly created MBac program for training secondary and elementary school music teachers. Canning was appointed Assistant Professor of Theory at Eastman in 1947 and taught there until 1961, when he left for a year to serve at the University of Hull as a Fulbright professor. In 1963 Canning was hired as an associate professor at the newly opened Creative Arts Center at West Virginia University, receiving promotion to full professor in 1967, retiring in 1977. Canning belonged to the American Composers Alliance, The Hymn Society of America, and Pi Kappa Lambda, and was an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 158,
"passage": "Thomas Canning",
"start": 124,
"text": "Indiana University of Pennsylvania"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
... |
Burnley Way | [
{
"indices": [
212,
229
],
"target": "Weavers' Triangle"
},
{
"indices": [
274,
281
],
"target": "Towpath"
},
{
"indices": [
289,
314
],
"target": "Leeds and Liverpool Canal"
},
{
"indices": [
324,
342
],
"ta... | p_4720 | The route is described in a series of six sectional leaflets, updated in 2008, which are available from Burnley Tourist Information Centre. The first section begins at the Manchester Road canal bridge (where the Weavers' Triangle Visitor Centre is located), and follows the towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal over the Burnley Embankment to Thompson Park. It then follows the River Brun through Bank Hall Park and past Heasandford House where it joins the route of the Brontë Way out of Burnley, almost to Lea Green Reservoir. It then passes the ruined Extwistle Hall and over the River Don to Queen Street Mill Textile Museum in Harle Syke. The second section crosses Todmorden Road, passing a number of farms and over Thursden brook. It then follows the road up the Thursden valley and crosses into West Yorkshire, descending to Widdop Reservoir. Joining the Mary Towneley Loop section of the Pennine Bridleway at the Gorpe track, it moves back into Lancashire and past Hurstwood Reservoir to the Elizabethan hamlet of Hurstwood.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
77
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The route is described in a series of six sectional leaflets... |
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau | [
{
"indices": [
52,
67
],
"target": "Black Hawk Down (film)"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
120
],
"target": "Gary Gordon"
},
{
"indices": [
181,
184
],
"target": "Fox Broadcasting Company"
},
{
"indices": [
203,
216
],
... | p_4721 | In the U.S, his debut film role was in the war film Black Hawk Down (2001), playing Medal of Honor recipient Gary Gordon. He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam (2008), as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality, originally intended as a pilot. He became widely known for his role as Jaime Lannister in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones, for which he received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2018 and 2019. He is a UNDP Goodwill Ambassador, drawing public attention to critical issues such as gender equality and climate change.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 97,
"passage": "gary gordon",
"start": 82,
"text": "master sergeant"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Chris Froome | [
{
"indices": [
19,
37
],
"target": "2018 Giro d'Italia"
},
{
"indices": [
94,
98
],
"target": "Rome"
},
{
"indices": [
314,
323
],
"target": "Jerusalem"
},
{
"indices": [
410,
422
],
"target": "Tom Dumoulin"
... | p_4722 | Froome entered the 2018 Giro d'Italia as one of the favourites to take the overall victory in Rome at the end of May. Once at the start of the Giro d'Italia, he was he would be cleared of his offences. However, before the race could even begin Froome crashed whilst performing a recon of the opening time trial in Jerusalem. Froome would finish the time trial in 21st place, ceding 35 seconds to overall rival Tom Dumoulin. After the race, Team Sky directeur sportif Nicolas Portal admitted that the injury Froome sustained in the crash was worse that they had stated at the time, and Brailsford said that the crash was a setback to Froome's physical condition, which the team felt was below the required level at the start of the Giro. By the end of the first summit finish on Mount Etna, Froome had risen to eighth overall, one minute and 10 seconds behind early race leader Simon Yates. On stage 8, Froome fell on his injured side when his rear wheel slid on a wet climb. By the end of stage 9 to Gran Sasso d'Italia, Froome had lost a further one minute and 17 seconds to Yates, dropping to 11th overall. Stage 10 could have also proven ominous when afterwards he admitted to feeling pain and an imbalance between his legs; and was glad to maintain his position. Froome's first signs of recovery came through on the most difficult climb of the race to that point, Monte Zoncolan, where he distanced all of his main overall rivals, taking the stage win. Froome's deficit to the maglia rosa was now 3'10". However, on the final climb of the following stage to Sappada Froome cracked, yielding more than a minute to the other main general classification contenders. Overall, Froome lay 4'52" from Yates, the leader, 2'41" from Dumoulin, 2'24" from Domenico Pozzovivo and 2'15" from Thibaut Pinot.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "28",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
15,
117
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "the 2018 Giro d'Italia as one of the favourites to tak... |
Taste of Chicago | [
{
"indices": [
0,
11
],
"target": "ChicagoFest"
},
{
"indices": [
30,
46
],
"target": "Michael Anthony Bilandic"
},
{
"indices": [
146,
156
],
"target": "Jane Byrne"
},
{
"indices": [
414,
431
],
"target": "H... | p_4723 | ChicagoFest, started by mayor Michael Bilandic, was the precursor to the Taste of Chicago. After Bilandic's tenure in office, newly elected Mayor Jane Byrne attempted to end the festival as well as many other programs associated with the former mayor. Many Chicagoans disapproved of Mayor Byrne's attempt to stop the festivities (although attendance at ChicagoFest had begun to wane). She and her successor, Mayor Harold Washington, dedicated more time and energy to promoting the Taste, slowly phasing ChicagoFest out in the process. Mayor Washington finally put an end to ChicagoFest when in 1983 it was moved from Navy Pier to Soldier Field and attendance continued to wane. The popularity of the Taste of Chicago has prompted other cities to spawn numerous offshoots and equivalents throughout the United States, such as the Taste of Champaign, CityFest in Detroit, the Taste of the Danforth in Toronto, the Taste of Kalamazoo, Taste of Addison, Taste of Denver, Taste in Dallas, Taste of Madison, Taste of Austin, the Taste of Peoria in Peoria, Illinois, and the Bite in Portland to name a few. The first "taste of" festival was Taste of Cincinnati in 1979.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
1100,
1162
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The first \"taste of\" festival was Taste of Cincinnati... |
Lanfranco (horse) | [
{
"indices": [
92,
104
],
"target": "2000 Guineas Stakes"
},
{
"indices": [
210,
217
],
"target": "Shadeed"
},
{
"indices": [
306,
325
],
"target": "Goodwood Racecourse"
},
{
"indices": [
403,
435
],
"target"... | p_4724 | On his first appearance as a three-year-old, Lanfranco started 10/1 third favourite for the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket on 4 May but looked completely outpaced and finished seventh of the fourteen runners behind Shadeed. Later that month he was moved up to one and a half miles for the Predominate Stakes at Goodwood Racecourse. He started favourite and won easily by three lengths from Phardante. In the 206th running of the Epsom Derby on 5 June Lanfranco started at odds of 14/1 in a fourteen runner field: Henry Cecil had doubts about running the colt as he felt that the prevailing firm ground would be to his disadvantage. With Steve Cauthen riding the Cecil stable's main hope Slip Anchor, and Piggott opting to ride the Irish-trained Theatrical Lanfranco was ridden by the American jockey Cash Asmussen. On a course which, according to Cecil, did not suit the colt, he finished fifth behind Slip Anchor, Law Society, Damister and Supreme Leader. Timeform opined that should have been aimed instead at the Prix du Jockey Club in which Mouktar was "the only top-class horse" engaged.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
396,
506
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In the 206th running of the Epsom Derby on 5 June Lanfran... |
San Marcello al Corso | [
{
"indices": [
45,
68
],
"target": "Giovanni Battista Ricci"
},
{
"indices": [
241,
254
],
"target": "Lazzaro Baldi"
},
{
"indices": [
459,
477
],
"target": "Life of the Virgin"
},
{
"indices": [
481,
499
],
... | p_4725 | Behind the facade is a Crucifixion (1613) by Giovanni Battista Ricci. The tomb of Cardinal Cennino was sculpted by Giovanni Francesco de'Rossi (la Vecchietta). Along the right, the first chapel of Marchese Maccarani holds an Annunciation by Lazzaro Baldi; in the second Martyrdom of Sts. Digna and Emerita (1727) of Pietro Barbieri (architecture by Francesco Ferrari); in the third Madonna with the Child, a fresco from the late 14th century, episodes of the life of the Virgin by Francesco Salviati, fresco and paintings of Giovan Battista Ricci; in the fourth chapel a Creation of Eve and the evangelists Mark and John, frescoes by Perino del Vaga, Matthew and Luke begun by Perino del Vaga and finished by Daniele da Volterra. Inside is a cyborium (1691) designed by Carlo Bizzaccheri; in the fifth chapel is a monument to the Cardinal Fabrizio Paolucci (1726) by Pietro Bracci with an altarpiece by Aureliano Milani and lateral paintings by Domenico Corvi; and a monument to cardinal Camillo Paolucci by Tommaso Righi (1776) and wall paintings by Aureliano Milani. On the left nave, in the fifth chapel, is a San Filippo Benizi (1725) by Pier Leone Ghezzi and Gagliardi; in the fourth Conversion of Saint Paul (1560) by Federico Zuccari and his brother Taddeo and, on the sides, of History of Saint Paul. Inside of the chapel has busts of Muzio, Roberto, Lelio Frangipane by Alessandro Algardi (1630–40). In the third chapel on the left is a Doloroso by Pietro Paolo Naldini, Sacrifice of Isaac and discovery of Moses by Domenico Corvi; in the first, Madonna and seven Saints by Agostino Masucci.
| [
{
"answer": {
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
69
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Behind the facade is a Crucifixion (1613) by Giovanni Ba... |
Michel Camilo | [
{
"indices": [
102,
115
],
"target": "Carnegie Hall"
},
{
"indices": [
215,
223
],
"target": "Why Not? (Michel Camilo album)"
},
{
"indices": [
290,
305
],
"target": "Anthony Jackson (musician)"
},
{
"indices": [
322,
... | p_4726 | Camilo's emergence as a star in his own right began around 1985, the year he debuted with his trio at Carnegie Hall. In that same year he toured Europe with Paquito D’Rivera's quintet, and recorded his first album, Why Not?, for Japan's King label. His album Suntan/In Trio had a trio with Anthony Jackson on the bass and Dave Weckl on the drums. In 1988, Camilo debuted on a major record label, Sony, with the release of Michel Camilo, which became a bestseller and held the top jazz album spot for ten consecutive weeks. Special guests joined in with Camilo, such as percussionist Sammy Figueroa and tap dancer Raul. Other bestselling albums followed and so did the accolades, including a Grammy and an Emmy. Camilo's collaborative 2000 album with flamenco guitarist Tomatito Spain won Best Latin Jazz Album in the first Latin Grammy Awards.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 119,
"passage": "carnegie hall",
"start": 106,
"text": "New York City"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": ... |
Félix Mantilla (baseball) | [
{
"indices": [
58,
76
],
"target": "Pittsburgh Pirates"
},
{
"indices": [
80,
104
],
"target": "Milwaukee County Stadium"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
135
],
"target": "Harvey Haddix"
},
{
"indices": [
138,
160
],
... | p_4727 | On May 26, 1959, in the 13th inning of a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates at Milwaukee County Stadium, Mantilla ruined Harvey Haddix's bid for a perfect game. Leading off the inning, he hit a ground ball to third baseman Don Hoak, whose throw to first pulled Rocky Nelson off the bag for an error. (Mantilla had not even been in the starting lineup; he entered the game in the 11th after Del Rice had pinch-hit for Johnny O'Brien.) Mantilla was sacrificed to second by Eddie Mathews, followed by an intentional walk to Hank Aaron. The following batter, Joe Adcock, hit one over the right-center field wall, just beyond the reach of right fielder Joe Christopher (who was making his Major League debut), for an apparent 3–0 victory. Mantilla scored the winning run, but Aaron, thinking the ball was still in play and that the game ended when Mantilla scored the winning run, rounded second and then headed for the dugout. Adcock, running out his home run, passed Aaron on the bases; as a result, the ruling from National League president Warren Giles was that Adcock's hit was a double (not a home run), only Mantilla's run counted and the final score was 1–0.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 76,
"passage": "Félix Mantilla (baseball)",
"start": 58,
"text": "Pittsburgh Pirates"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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},
"context": [
{
... |
1985 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season | [
{
"indices": [
7,
22
],
"target": "Atlanta Falcons"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
43
],
"target": "Leeman Bennett"
},
{
"indices": [
63,
79
],
"target": "Hugh Culverhouse"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
132
],
"target": "Joh... | p_4728 | Former Atlanta Falcons coach Leeman Bennett was named by owner Hugh Culverhouse as the replacement for retired head coach John McKay. Other candidates interviewed included Buccaneer defensive coordinator Wayne Fontes, Seattle Seahawks defensive coordinator Tom Catlin, former Michigan Panthers head coach Jim Stanley, former New England Patriots head coach Ron Meyer, Washington Redskins quarterback coach Jerry Rhome, former Pittsburgh Steelers defensive coordinator Bud Carson, and former Florida Gators coach Charley Pell. Bennett was an unexpected choice, as Fontes had long been considered to be the leading candidate and had the near-unanimous support of the players and existing staff. Culverhouse almost gave Fontes the job without conducting an interview process, before having second thoughts and soliciting recommendations from McKay, Tex Schramm, and Dan Rooney. Described as "heartbroken", Fontes learned while attending a scouting combine in Arizona that he had been passed over for the job. Bennett indicated that nobody who had been a candidate for the head coaching job would be hired as an assistant, ending speculation that he might retain Fontes or bring in his former assistant Jim Stanley. Fontes eventually accepted the defensive coordinator position with the Detroit Lions.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
132
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Former Atlanta Falcons coach Leeman Bennett was named by... |
John Watts (merchant) | [
{
"indices": [
27,
38
],
"target": "Buntingford"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
53
],
"target": "Hertfordshire"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
137
],
"target": "London"
},
{
"indices": [
166,
180
],
"target": "Spanish Armada"... | p_4729 | The son of Thomas Watts of Buntingford, Hertfordshire, he was owner of the Margaret and John, one of the ships paid by the city of London in 1588 to sail against the Spanish armada. Watts himself served in her as a volunteer, and saw action. In 1590 the same ship was one of a fleet of merchantmen coming home from the Mediterranean, which successfully fought and repelled the Spanish galleys near Cadiz. Although Watts was not on board, throughout the war he equipped and financed privateers led by Michael Geare, William Lane and Christopher Newport. A few of his notable successes include his financed and organised expedition to the Spanish main in 1590, the expedition to Cuba the following year and James Lancaster's expedition to Recife in April 1595. Watt's received significant prize money from the success of these expeditions. Another in July 1601 took into Plymouth a prize coming from the Indies laden with China silks, satins and taffetas. At this time he was an alderman of London (Tower ward), and had been suspected of being a supporter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "25",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
242,
552
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1590 the same ship was one of a fleet of merchantm... |
Astyanax | [
{
"indices": [
11,
21
],
"target": "Trojan War"
},
{
"indices": [
251,
263
],
"target": "Little Iliad"
},
{
"indices": [
280,
289
],
"target": "Pausanias (geographer)"
},
{
"indices": [
317,
328
],
"target": ... | p_4730 | During the Trojan War, Andromache hid the child in Hector's tomb, but the child was discovered. His fate was debated by the Greeks, for if he were allowed to live, it was feared he would avenge his father and rebuild Troy. In the version given by the Little Iliad and repeated by Pausanias (x 25.4), he was killed by Neoptolemus (also called Pyrrhus), who threw the infant from the walls. Another version is given in Iliou persis, in which Odysseus kills Astyanax. It has also been depicted in some Greek vases that Neoptolemus kills Priam, who has taken refuge near a sacred altar, using Astyanax's dead body to club the old king to death, in front of horrified onlookers. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the child is thrown from the walls by the Greek victors (13, 413ff). In Euripides's The Trojan Women (719 ff), the herald Talthybius reveals to Andromache that Odysseus has convinced the council to have the child thrown from the walls, and the child is in this way killed. In Seneca's version of The Trojan Women, the prophet Calchas declares that Astyanax must be thrown from the walls if the Greek fleet is to be allowed favorable winds (365–70), but once led to the tower, the child himself leaps off the walls (1100–3). For Hector's mother, Hecuba, Astyanax was the only hope and consolation, and his death's announcement was a terrible climax of the catastrophe. Other sources for the story of the Sack of Troy and Astyanax's death can be found in the Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus), Hyginus (Fabula 109), Tryphiodorus (Sack of Troy 644–6).
| [
{
"answer": {
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"end": 3079,
"passage": "trojan war",
"start": 3067,
"text": "1194–1184 BC"
}
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Yassir Raad | [
{
"indices": [
14,
23
],
"target": "Al-Zawraa SC"
},
{
"indices": [
209,
220
],
"target": "Qatar SC"
},
{
"indices": [
223,
232
],
"target": "Al-Shorta SC"
},
{
"indices": [
234,
243
],
"target": "Al-Zawraa S... | p_4731 | The left-side Al-Zawraa player is capable of playing in defence, as well as midfield. Yassir has been one of the Iraqi league's top defenders for the past four years, having played for Al-Defaa Al-Jawiya (now Al-Esteqlal), Al-Shorta, Al-Zawraa and now Arbil FC. He was first selected for the Olympic team by Wathik Naji in October, 2002. The former Iraqi national coach picked a squad of twenty-four players from a list of 217 players; A month later, German coach Bernd Stange took over the team and Yassir made his international debut for Iraq in the 2-2 draw with Bahrain in Doha. At the end of the war, Yassir played at the 2003 Arab Club Championship in Cairo, where he played against Kuwait SC, Al-Jaish and Zamalek, which would be one of his last appearances for the Police Club before he moved to Al-Zawraa. He was recalled by coach Adnan Hamad and played a part in the side’s 5-1 demolition of Al-Nasr at the Emir Abdullah Al-Faisal Cup in Abha, the team reached went all the way to the final where they beat Morocco 1-0. He was used sparely by coach Hamad making only two appearances in the Qualifiers for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, as well as giving him a starting place in the friendly against South Korea in Seoul in April.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "54",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
262,
535
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He was first selected for the Olympic team by Wathik ... |
Marc Tasman | [
{
"indices": [
34,
56
],
"target": "Time-lapse photography"
},
{
"indices": [
97,
105
],
"target": "Polaroid Corporation"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
118
],
"target": "Instant film"
},
{
"indices": [
119,
132
],
"... | p_4732 | Tasman is most well known for his time-lapse photography piece completed in 2009. Here he made a Polaroid instant film self-portrait every day for ten years and one day—3,654 consecutive days beginning on July 24, 1999. He decided to continue this practice for 10 years because of the significance of a decade and the common practice in popular media of reflecting on the passing of decades. Tasman admits he chose Polaroid film for its ease of use and lack of photographic processing to attain an image. However, there were other challenges in creating the work, especially in archiving the material body of self-portraits, such as remembering to write the dates on the back, to make sure that stacks of photos were not knocked over or disarrayed, the cost of the film, and the expense of digitizing thousands of photographs. Tasman discussed with Mark Metcalf how the medium also seemed fitting to when dealing with conceptual issues of memory and storytelling. After concluding the ten years and one day period, and having digitally scanned the images, Tasman created a video from all of these Polaroids. Dick Gordon, host of the radio program, The Story with Dick Gordon, on American Public Media suggested that Tasman's project that began in 1999, illuminates the dramatic transformation that imaging technology and it social uses have undergone. "The funny thing is that the idea of a widely shared YouTube video was something that Marc could not even have conceived of—the technology wasn't there."
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "63",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
168
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Tasman is most well known for his time-lapse photograph... |
Don Nigro | [
{
"indices": [
84,
98
],
"target": "Antonin Artaud"
},
{
"indices": [
158,
170
],
"target": "Saint Subber"
},
{
"indices": [
188,
208
],
"target": "Christopher Columbus"
},
{
"indices": [
257,
267
],
"target"... | p_4733 | Other plays include Machiavelli, Ardy Fafirsin, A Lecture By Monsieur Artaud (about Antonin Artaud), Grotesque Lovesongs (originally commissioned by producer Saint Subber), Mariner (about Christopher Columbus), Jules Verne Eats A Rhinoceros (about reporter Nellie Bly), Punch and Judy, Boar's Head (about the lives of the supporting characters at the Boar's Head Inn in Shakespeare's mentioned but unwritten scenes from his Henry IV plays), Loves Labours Wonne (about Shakespeare), Paganini, Lucia Mad (about the daughter of James Joyce), Cinderella Waltz, Specter, Monkey Soup, Don Giovanni, The Count of Monte Cristo In The Chateau D'If, Quint And Miss Jessel At Bly, The Girlhood Of Shakespeare's Heroines, Terre Haute, The Transylvanian Clockworks, Seascape With Sharks and Dancer, Henry And Ellen (about Henry Irving and Ellen Terry), The Dark Sonnets Of The Lady (about Sigmund Freud and his patient Dora), Seduction (inspired by Søren Kierkegaard's Diary of a Seducer), Rainy Night At Lindy's (about the last night of gangster Arnold Rothstein), What Shall I Do For Pretty Girls? (about the tangled relationship of William Butler Yeats to Maud Gonne, her daughter Iseult Gonne, and Yeats' automatic writing wife Georgie Hyde-Lees), Maelstrom (about Edgar Allan Poe), Traitors (about the Alger Hiss case) and My Sweetheart's the Man in the Moon (about Evelyn Nesbit and Stanford White).
| [] |
Harry Haywood | [
{
"indices": [
207,
218
],
"target": "World War I"
},
{
"indices": [
239,
254
],
"target": "370th Infantry Regiment (United States)"
},
{
"indices": [
295,
312
],
"target": "Spanish Civil War"
},
{
"indices": [
359,
... | p_4734 | Haywood's military career included service in three wars. His interest in military combat began when his friends recalled tales of their service in the Eighth Illinois, Black National Guard Regiment. During World War I, he served with the Eighth Regiment, a black United States regiment. In the Spanish Civil War, like many Americans there, he fought for the Popular Front with the Abraham Lincoln Battalion of the International Brigades. Haywood held the position of Regimental Commissar in the XV International Brigade during the Battle of Brunete. While in Spain he, Langston Hughes and Walter Benjamin Garland broadcast from Madrid in support of the Republican cause. During World War II, he served in the Merchant Marine, where he was active with National Maritime Union.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 613,
"passage": "Harry Haywood",
"start": 589,
"text": " Walter Benjamin Garland"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Louis Brière de l'Isle | [
{
"indices": [
53,
68
],
"target": "Sino-French War"
},
{
"indices": [
118,
141
],
"target": "Charles-Théodore Millot"
},
{
"indices": [
169,
195
],
"target": "Tonkin Expeditionary Corps"
},
{
"indices": [
277,
289
... | p_4735 | In September 1884, shortly after the outbreak of the Sino-French War (August 1884 to April 1885), he replaced General Charles-Théodore Millot as general-in-chief of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps. In October 1884 he defeated a major Chinese invasion of the Tonkin Delta in the Kep Campaign. In January 1885 he was promoted divisional general (général de division). In February 1885 he commanded both brigades of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps in the Lạng Sơn Campaign, defeating China's Guangxi Army and capturing the strategically important border town of Lạng Sơn. This campaign, which required months of patient preparation, was perhaps the greatest military achievement of his career. Immediately after the capture of Lạng Sơn he returned to Hanoi with Lieutenant-Colonel Laurent Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade to relieve the Siege of Tuyên Quang, leaving General François de Négrier's 2nd Brigade at Lạng Sơn. After defeating Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army at the Battle of Hòa Mộc (2 March 1885), Brière de l'Isle entered the beleaguered French post in triumph on 3 March. These battlefield successes underscored the failure of concurrent diplomatic attempts to resolve the conflict between France and China, and evoked a heartfelt tribute from the French premier Jules Ferry: 'It seems that the only negotiator China will respect is General Brière de l'Isle.'
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
196
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In September 1884, shortly after the outbreak of the Sino-F... |
Districts of Kraków | [
{
"indices": [
236,
254
],
"target": "Architectural plan"
},
{
"indices": [
331,
346
],
"target": "List of conflicts in Europe during Turco-Mongol rule"
},
{
"indices": [
399,
411
],
"target": "Main Square, Kraków"
},
{
"indices... | p_4736 | Medieval Kraków was surrounded by a 1.9 mile (3 km) defensive wall complete with 46 towers and seven main entrances leading through them. The fortifications around the Old Town were erected over the course of two centuries. The current architectural plan of Stare Miasto—the 13th-century merchants' town—was drawn up following the Tatar invasions of 1259 and 1287. It features the centrally located Rynek Główny, or Main Square, the largest medieval town square of any European city. There is a number of historic landmarks in its vicinity, such as St. Mary's Basilica (Kościół Mariacki), Church of St. Wojciech (St. Adalbert's), Church of St. Barbara, as well as other national treasures. At the center of the plaza, surrounded by kamienice (row houses) and noble residences, stands the Renaissance cloth hall Sukiennice (currently housing gift shops, restaurants and merchant stalls) with the National Gallery of Art upstairs. It is flanked by the Town Hall Tower (Wieża ratuszowa).
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 93,
"passage": "main square, kraków",
"start": 87,
"text": "Poland"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Souldern | [
{
"indices": [
66,
87
],
"target": "Lord of the manor"
},
{
"indices": [
167,
178
],
"target": "Mesne lord"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
318
],
"target": "Donnington, Berkshire"
},
{
"indices": [
343,
362
],
"targe... | p_4737 | By 1196 Hugh de Say, grandson of Hugh FitzOsbern, had transferred lordship of the manor of Souldern to his brother-in-law Thomas de Arderne. By 1279 the Ardernes were mesne lords, collecting rent from the de Lewknor family. By 1307 the de Lewknors had conveyed Souldern to the Abberbury family of Donnington, Berkshire. Sir Richard Abberbury, knight of the shire for Oxfordshire in 1373 and 1387, granted lands at Souldern to both Donnington Hospital and a house of Crutched Friars at Donnington. Sir Richard's nephew, another Richard Abberbury, inherited the remainder. The younger Richard seized the Crutched Friars' land at Souldern and granted it to William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk in 1448. The remainder of Richard's land at Souldern passed to his nephew Sir Richard Arches (d.1417), MP for Buckinghamshire in 1402, of Eythrope, Cranwell (both in the parish of Waddesdon) and Little Kimble, Buckinghamshire. Souldern was inherited by his daughter Joan Arches and her husband Sir John Dynham. When their son, John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham, died in 1501, Souldern manor was divided into four parts which remained in separate hands until the 1590s.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 81,
"passage": "john dynham, 1st baron dynham",
"start": 77,
"text": "1433"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indic... |
Nassir Maachi | [
{
"indices": [
45,
52
],
"target": "FC Utrecht"
},
{
"indices": [
151,
160
],
"target": "FC Dordrecht"
},
{
"indices": [
172,
179
],
"target": "SC Cambuur"
},
{
"indices": [
254,
260
],
"target": "PEC Zwolle"... | p_4738 | Maachi began his career as a youth player at Utrecht. He made his first team debut during the 2005–06 season and spent the following year on loan with Dordrecht. He joined Cambuur in 2008 and spent three seasons with the club before being transferred to Zwolle, initially on loan and then permanently during the summer of 2011. In summer 2012, Maachi joined technical director Kevin Hofland at Cypriot side AEK Larnaca. After an unsuccessful stint in Albania, Maachi moved to Birkirkara in January 2015. In the next two years he played in Cyprus for Pafos FC and Nea Salamina. On 18 June 2016, the newly promoted to Greek Super League club Apollon Smyrni officially announced the signing of the experienced Dutch-Moroccan forward on a free transfer. At the end of August 2018, Maachi joined VV DOVO which competes in the Derde Divisie. At the end of 2018 he left there again to return to Cyprus.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
108
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Maachi began his career as a youth player at Utrecht. He ma... |
Status of Jerusalem | [
{
"indices": [
136,
145
],
"target": "Jerusalem"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
167
],
"target": "Capital City"
},
{
"indices": [
246,
271
],
"target": "Israeli–Palestinian conflict"
},
{
"indices": [
301,
312
],
"ta... | p_4739 | The status of Jerusalem is disputed in both international law and diplomatic practice, with both the Israelis and Palestinians claiming Jerusalem as their capital city. The dispute has been described as "one of the most intractable issues in the Israel–Palestine conflict", with conflicting claims to sovereignty over the city or parts of it, and access to its holy sites. The main dispute revolves around the legal status of East Jerusalem and especially the Old City of Jerusalem, while broader agreement exists regarding future Israeli presence in West Jerusalem in accordance with Israel's internationally recognised borders. The majority of United Nations (UN) member states hold the view that the final status of Jerusalem should be resolved through negotiation, and have therefore favored locating their embassies in Tel Aviv prior to a final status agreement. However, in recent years the international consensus to abstain from expressing a viewpoint on the city's final status has shown signs of fragility, with Russia, the United States and Australia adopting new policy positions. Furthermore, the proposal that Jerusalem should be the future capital of both Israel and Palestine has also gained international support, with endorsements coming from both the United Nations and the European Union.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 1938,
"passage": "jerusalem",
"start": 1931,
"text": "882,700"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Palestine Liberation Organization | [
{
"indices": [
161,
178
],
"target": "PLO's Ten Point Program"
},
{
"indices": [
263,
283
],
"target": "Two-state solution"
},
{
"indices": [
317,
335
],
"target": "Rejectionist Front"
},
{
"indices": [
534,
552
... | p_4740 | By the mid-1970s, Arafat and his Fatah movement found themselves in a tenuous position. Arafat increasingly called for diplomacy, perhaps best symbolized by his Ten Point Program and his support for a UN Security Council resolution proposed in 1976 calling for a two-state settlement on the pre-1967 borders. But the Rejectionist Front denounced the calls for diplomacy, and a diplomatic solution was vetoed by the United States. In 1975, the increasing tensions between Palestinian militants and Christian militias exploded into the Lebanese Civil War, involving all factions. On 20 January 1976, the PLO took part in the Damour massacre in retaliation to the Karantina massacre. The PLO and Lebanese National Movement attacked the Christian town of Damour, killing 684 civilians and forcing the remainder of the town's population to flee. In 1976 Syria joined the war by invading Lebanon, beginning the 29‑year Syrian occupation of Lebanon, and in 1978 Israel invaded South Lebanon in response to the Coastal Road Massacre, executed by Palestinian militants based in Lebanon.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 1663,
"passage": "plo's ten point program",
"start": 1325,
"text": "- the denial of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (adopted after the Six-Day War)\n- the denial of the existence of the State of Israel\... |
84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) | [
{
"indices": [
83,
109
],
"target": "American Revolutionary War"
},
{
"indices": [
148,
155
],
"target": "Ontario"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
163
],
"target": "Quebec"
},
{
"indices": [
168,
183
],
"target": "Atl... | p_4741 | The 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) was a British regiment in the American Revolutionary War that was raised to defend present day Ontario, Quebec and Atlantic Canada from the constant land and sea attacks by American Revolutionaries. The 84th Regiment was also involved in offensive action in the Thirteen Colonies; including North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and what is now Maine, as well as raids upon Lake Champlain and the Mohawk Valley. The regiment consisted of 2,000 men in twenty companies. The 84th Regiment was raised from Scottish soldiers who had served in the Seven Years' War and stayed in North America. As a result, the 84th Regiment had one of the oldest and most experienced officer corps of any regiment in North America. The Scottish Highland regiments were a key element of the British Army in the American Revolution. The 84th Regiment was clothed, armed and accoutred the same as the Black Watch, with Lieutenant Colonel Allan Maclean commanding the first battalion and Major General John Small of Strathardle commanding the second. The two Battalions operated independently of each other and saw little action together.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 56188,
"passage": "american revolutionary war",
"start": 56171,
"text": "September 3, 1783"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
... |
Nancy Cartwright (philosopher) | [
{
"indices": [
42,
75
],
"target": "Philosophy of Science Association"
},
{
"indices": [
168,
202
],
"target": "American Philosophical Association"
},
{
"indices": [
243,
315
],
"target": "International Union of History and Philosophy o... | p_4742 | Cartwright served as the president of the Philosophy of Science Association (2009–10), as vice-president (2007–8) and president (2008–9) of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association, and was elected to be President of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology from 2020 to 2023. She is Professor Emeritus at the London School of Economics. She is also Fellow of the British Academy, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, and a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences. She has received honorary degrees from Southern Methodist University and the University of St Andrews as well as a MacArthur Fellowship.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 3616,
"passage": "international union of history and philosophy of science",
"start": 3602,
"text": "Charles Singer"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
}... |
Kenilworth Castle | [
{
"indices": [
44,
54
],
"target": "Kenilworth"
},
{
"indices": [
58,
70
],
"target": "Warwickshire"
},
{
"indices": [
98,
104
],
"target": "Norman conquest of England"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
121
],
"target":... | p_4743 | Kenilworth Castle is located in the town of Kenilworth in Warwickshire, England. Constructed from Norman through to Tudor times, the castle has been described by the architectural historian Anthony Emery as "the finest surviving example of a semi-royal palace of the later middle ages, significant for its scale, form and quality of workmanship". Kenilworth has also played an important historical role. The castle was the subject of the six-month-long Siege of Kenilworth in 1266, thought to be the longest siege in Medieval English history, and formed a base for Lancastrian operations in the Wars of the Roses. Kenilworth was also the scene of the removal of Edward II from the English throne, the French insult to Henry V in 1414 (said by John Strecche to have encouraged the Agincourt campaign), and the Earl of Leicester's lavish reception of Elizabeth I in 1575.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 269,
"passage": "siege of kenilworth",
"start": 252,
"text": "Simon de Montfort"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"... |
Paul Thieme | [
{
"indices": [
29,
37
],
"target": "Indology"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
78
],
"target": "University of Göttingen"
},
{
"indices": [
164,
187
],
"target": "University of Allahabad"
},
{
"indices": [
202,
209
],
"t... | p_4744 | He received his doctorate in Indology in 1928 from the University of Göttingen, and habilitated there in 1932. From 1932 to 1935 he taught German and French at the University of Allahabad. He taught at Breslau from 1936 to 1940, and received tenure at Halle in 1941, but in the same year he was drafted to the German army, where he worked as an interpreter. In 1945, he was captured by U.S. troops in Württemberg. After his release in 1946, he returned to Halle, where he remained until 1953, when he moved to Frankfurt for a professorship in Indo-European studies, against the will of the GDR authorities. From 1954 to 1960 he was in Yale, and from 1960 to his retirement in 1972 in Tübingen as professor for Religious studies and Indology.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 259,
"passage": "university of göttingen",
"start": 254,
"text": "1734 "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices"... |
Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia | [
{
"indices": [
66,
74
],
"target": "Patrilineality"
},
{
"indices": [
93,
113
],
"target": "Queen Sofía of Spain"
},
{
"indices": [
164,
194
],
"target": "Constantine II of Greece"
},
{
"indices": [
217,
227
],
... | p_4745 | Present for the nuptials in Patmos were several members of Olga's paternal family, including Queen Sofia of Spain (née Princess of Greece and Denmark), former King Constantine II of the Hellenes and his consort Queen Anne Marie (née Princess of Denmark), Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark and his wife, Marina (bride's parents), and Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark. With the exception of 78-year-old Margherita, Dowager Archduchess of Austria-Este (née Princess of Savoy-Aosta), all members of the Aosta branch of the House of Savoy were in attendance, i.e. Prince Amedeo of Savoy, 5th Duke of Aosta (bridegroom's father) and his consort Silvia, Duchess of Aosta, Princess Claude of Orléans ( Princess of France, bridegroom's mother), as well as Aimone's two full sisters, Princess Bianca Countess Arrivabene-Valenti-Gonzaga and Princess Mafalda Madame Lombardo di San Chirico, as well as Maria-Cristina (née Princess of Savoy-Aosta) and her husband Prince Casimir of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. From the senior branch of the Italian royal family Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (daughter of the late King Umberto II of Italy) was present, as she had been at the Athens wedding of Olga's parents in 1965.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 32,
"passage": "queen sofía of spain",
"start": 12,
"text": "Queen Sofía of Spain"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Byzantine diplomacy | [
{
"indices": [
231,
239
],
"target": "Iran"
},
{
"indices": [
251,
256
],
"target": "Turkish people"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
303
],
"target": "Steppe"
},
{
"indices": [
466,
473
],
"target": "Bulgars"
},
{... | p_4746 | The fact that Byzantium in its dealings with the barbarians generally preferred diplomacy to war is not surprising. For the East Romans, faced with the ever-present necessity of having to battle on two fronts — in the east against Persians, Arabs and Turks, in the north against the Slavs and the steppe nomads — knew from personal experience how expensive war is both in money and manpower. The Byzantines were skilled at using diplomacy as a weapon of war. If the Bulgars threatened, subsidies could be given to the Kiev Rus. A Rus threat could be countered by subsidies to the Patzinaks. If the Patzinaks proved troublesome, the Cumans or Uzès could be contacted. There was always someone to the enemy’s rear in a position to appreciate the emperor's largesse. Another innovative principle of Byzantine diplomacy was effective interference in the internal affairs of other states. In 1282, Michael VIII sponsored a revolt in Sicily against Charles of Anjou called the Sicilian Vespers. Emperor Heraclius once intercepted a message from Persian rival Khosrau II which ordered the execution of a general. Heraclius added 400 names to the message and diverted the messenger, provoking a rebellion by those on the list. The emperor maintained a stable of pretenders to almost every foreign throne. These could be given funds and released to wreak havoc if their homeland threatened attack.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
528,
590
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "A Rus threat could be countered by subsidies to the Pat... |
Foreign relations of Italy | [
{
"indices": [
112,
134
],
"target": "Allies of World War I"
},
{
"indices": [
194,
210
],
"target": "Antonio Salandra"
},
{
"indices": [
232,
246
],
"target": "Sidney Sonnino"
},
{
"indices": [
381,
405
],
"... | p_4747 | Austria took the offensive against the terms of the alliance and Italy decided to take part in World War I as a principal allied power with France and Great Britain. Two leaders, Prime Minister Antonio Salandra and Foreign Minister Sidney Sonnino made the decisions; their primary motivation was seizure of territory from Austria, as secretly promised by Britain and France in the Treaty of London of 1915. Also, Italy occupied southern Albania and established a protectorate over Albania, which remained in place until 1920. The Allies defeated the Austrian Empire in 1918 and Italy became one of the main winners of the war. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando focused almost exclusively on territorial gains, but he got far less than he wanted, and Italians were bitterly resentful when they were denied control of the city of Fiume The conference, under the control of Britain, France and the United States refused to assign Dalmazia and Albania to Italy as had been promised in the Treaty of London. Britain, France and Japan divided the German overseas colonies into mandates of their own, excluding Italy. Italy also gained no territory from the breakup of the Ottoman Empire. Civil unrest erupted in Italy between nationalists who supported the war effort and opposed what they called the "mutilated victory" (as nationalists referred to it) and leftists who were opposed to the war.
| [] |
Charles Palliser | [
{
"indices": [
8,
19
],
"target": "New England"
},
{
"indices": [
127,
133
],
"target": "University of Oxford"
},
{
"indices": [
232,
237
],
"target": "Bachelor of Letters"
},
{
"indices": [
369,
394
],
"targ... | p_4748 | Born in New England, Palliser is an American citizen but has lived in the United Kingdom since the age of three. He went up to Oxford in 1967 to read English Language and Literature and took a First in June 1970. He was awarded the BLitt in 1975 for a dissertation on Modernist fiction. From 1974 until 1990, Palliser was a Lecturer in the Department of English at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. He was the first Deputy Editor of The Literary Review when it was founded in 1979. He taught creative writing during the Spring semester of 1986 at Rutgers University in New Jersey. In 1990, he gave up his university post to become a full-time writer when his first novel, The Quincunx, became an international best-seller. He teaches occasionally for the Arvon Foundation, the Skyros Institute, the University of London, London Metropolitan University, and Middlesex University. He was Writer in Residence at the University of Poitiers in 1997.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
490,
573
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He taught creative writing during the Spring semester of ... |
FK Napredak Kruševac | [
{
"indices": [
142,
154
],
"target": "Jovica Škoro"
},
{
"indices": [
258,
270
],
"target": "FK Rad"
},
{
"indices": [
304,
315
],
"target": "1976–77 Yugoslav First League"
},
{
"indices": [
324,
338
],
"targ... | p_4749 | In 1976, led by coach Dragan Bojović, the club won the second league and again provides a placement in the elite, thanks to the four goals by Jovica Škoro, three by Milomir Jakovljević and one by Dragiša Ćuslović, which brought the decisive 8–2 victory over Rad Belgrade, but they relegated again in the same season. In the season 1978–79, they joined the Yugoslav First League, and in that season, Yugoslav powerhouse Partizan suffered a sensational 3–0 home defeat from Napredak. In the season 1979–80, led by coach Tomislav Kaloperović, Napredak finished the championship as 4th and this in front of several Yugoslav top clubs, and qualified finally for the first time for a European competition, the 1980–81 UEFA Cup season, but they were eliminated already in the first round by Eastern Germany's club Dynamo Dresden. It got even worse, because in the same season the club finished the league unexpectedly in the last place and relegated to the Yugoslav Second League and competed there until 1988. In the season 1987–88, Napredak won the East Division of the second league and was promoted to the top tier, but the club could not keep in the first league and relegated for the third time in its history again in the debut season. Napredak remain in the second league until the season 1991–92, the last season of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and was one of the clubs, which were member of the newly founded First League of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1993, Napredak achieved a good six place, but the subsequent 1993–94 season, they relegated to the second league.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 761,
"passage": "jovica škoro",
"start": 757,
"text": "2000"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Henri Kontinen | [
{
"indices": [
30,
34
],
"target": "2016 ATP World Tour"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
84
],
"target": "Brisbane International"
},
{
"indices": [
101,
111
],
"target": "John Peers"
},
{
"indices": [
139,
147
],
"targ... | p_4750 | His good results continued in 2016 as he won the title at the Brisbane International in January with John Peers. On April–May they won the BMW Open together. At the 2016 Wimbledon Championships he reached quarterfinals of the men's doubles tournament together with Peers and the final of the mixed doubles with Heather Watson, which they won in straight sets. On July Kontinen and Peers won the German Open Tennis Championships. On August Kontinen won the Winstom-Salem Open playing with Guillermo García-López. It was Kontinen's 10th doubles title in his career. He took the victory of St. Petersburg Open with Dominic Inglot. Kontinen and Peers had a successful end for the year as they won their first Masters title at Paris Masters and the season ending ATP World Tour Finals title. Kontinen reached the top 10 in rankings as a first Finnish tennis player ever.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 4715,
"passage": "2016 wimbledon championships",
"start": 4626,
"text": " Liam Broady\n- Dustin Brown\n- Brydan Klein\n- Radek Štěpánek\n- Alexander Ward\n- James Ward"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
... |
Portugal national football team | [
{
"indices": [
271,
280
],
"target": "Luís Figo"
},
{
"indices": [
282,
291
],
"target": "Rui Costa"
},
{
"indices": [
293,
297
],
"target": "Deco"
},
{
"indices": [
299,
315
],
"target": "Ricardo Carvalho"
... | p_4751 | During this time, Portugal was not part of a group of teams that were candidates to win titles, but from 2000 until this present day, the team evolved, being present in all the final stages of major tournaments, due to the presence of several world-class players such as Luís Figo, Rui Costa, Deco, Ricardo Carvalho, and Cristiano Ronaldo, who were dubbed as Portugal's golden team, who were considered as the best of the world at their time and among the best in history. Portugal's golden team helped Portugal reach the semi-finals of Euro 2000, losing 3–2 after extra time to eventual winners France, securing the second place at Euro 2004 Final after losing to Greece on home soil, as well reaching the semi-finals of the 2006 World Cup losing to finalist France, after a penalty, leading Portugal to secure the fourth place in the tournament, after losing to 3–1 to hosts Germany, thus being the best result since the 1966 World Cup. Despite losing many players of the golden team, new players such as Fábio Coentrão, João Moutinho, Nani and Pepe helped the Portuguese reach the semi-finals of Euro 2012, losing to Spain in penalties, with Cristiano Ronaldo finishing as joint top scorer of the tournament with three goals.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 86,
"passage": "cristiano ronaldo",
"start": 77,
"text": "February "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Drake Olson | [
{
"indices": [
15,
32
],
"target": "Champ Car"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
62
],
"target": "Road America"
},
{
"indices": [
90,
96
],
"target": "Can-Am"
},
{
"indices": [
107,
127
],
"target": "IMSA GT Championship... | p_4752 | Olson made one CART World Series start in 1983 at Road America. In 1984 he drove in three Can-Am races, an IMSA GT Championship race and two World Endurance Championship races, including the 1984 24 Hours of Le Mans where he was caught up in the debris field of his Aston Martin teammate John Sheldon's crash that killed a track worker. In 1985 he won three races with Dyson Racing in IMSA Camel GTP, the team's first, in a Porsche 962. 1986 saw Olson continue in IMSA GTP with Dyson and Preston Henn fielding his entries. That year he also competed in the 1986 24 Hours of Le Mans, co-driving a Rothmans Porsche factory 962 with Vern Schuppan. Olson was away from racing after that until 1989 when he returned with the All American Racers Toyota 88C factory team in IMSA GTP. He won two poles and finished ninth in points. 1990 would be his final year of professional racing as he finished tenth in GTP points with three poles for All American Racers in their Eagle HF89.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
64,
215
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1984 he drove in three Can-Am races, an IMSA GT Champio... |
Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen | [
{
"indices": [
50,
56
],
"target": "Rikdag"
},
{
"indices": [
86,
91
],
"target": "Duchy of Saxony"
},
{
"indices": [
120,
126
],
"target": "Lutici"
},
{
"indices": [
145,
162
],
"target": "Great Slav Rising"... | p_4753 | In 985 Otto III appointed him to succeed Margrave Rikdag in Meissen, following severe Saxon setbacks against the Slavic Lutici tribes during the Great Slav Rising. Eckard remained a vital support for the king and his mother Empress Theophanu. His military responsibilities consisted primarily of securing the Milceni lands as well as the containment of the neighbouring Polish and Bohemia duchies. Duke Boleslaus II of Bohemia had allied with Duke Henry and had taken the occasion to occupy the Albrechtsburg residence, he nevertheless had to withdraw by 987, after Eckard's forces had prevailed. According to the chronicles of Thietmar of Merseburg, he was later elected Duke of Thuringia by the magnates of the region, an event which has been taken as evidence of the principle of tribal ducal election.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
67
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 985 Otto III appointed him to succeed Margrave Rikdag in ... |
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