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5731ca39e99e3014001e6279 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const... | What was the state allowed to continue to fund? | {
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"that the C... | context-426_20_0.mp3 | context-426_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const... | While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const... | question-426_20_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What did both the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate? |
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"that wall"... | context-426_20_0.mp3 | context-426_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const... | While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const... | question-426_20_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what? |
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... | context-426_20_1.mp3 | context-426_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the Fi... | Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the Fi... | question-426_20_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What did Justice Jackson argue there were no grounds upon which to support what? |
5731cae1b9d445190005e563 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch... | When did the Supreme Court address the issue of officially sponsored prayer in public schools? | {
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"... | context-426_21_2.mp3 | context-426_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation. | Vitale, three hundred seventy U.S. four hundred twenty-one (nineteen sixty-two), the Court, by a vote of six-one, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse thems... | question-426_21_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an official school prayer? |
5731cae1b9d445190005e566 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch... | Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what? | {
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5731cb92e99e3014001e628c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | What was one of the reasons early colonists left England to seek religious freedom in America? | {
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"governmentally ... | context-426_22_0.mp3 | context-426_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | question-426_22_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What was one of the reasons early colonists left England to seek religious freedom in America? |
5731cb92e99e3014001e628d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling? | {
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"Justice Po... | context-426_22_0.mp3 | context-426_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | question-426_22_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling? |
5731cb92e99e3014001e628e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | What did Stewart object to? | {
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"the court'... | context-426_22_0.mp3 | context-426_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | question-426_22_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What did Stewart object to? |
5731cb92e99e3014001e628f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what? | {
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5731cb92e99e3014001e6290 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what? | {
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5731cc95e99e3014001e62aa | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | When did the case of Epperson v. Arkansas take place? | {
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"text... | context-426_23_1.mp3 | context-426_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university that received p... | Arkansas, three hundred ninety-three U.S. ninety-seven (nineteen sixty-eight), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this t... | question-426_23_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | When did the case of Epperson v. Arkansas take place? |
5731cc95e99e3014001e62ad | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to? | {
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... | context-426_23_2.mp3 | context-426_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. | The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. | question-426_23_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to? |
5731cc95e99e3014001e62ac | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | Who wrote the court's opinion in Epperson v. Arkansas? | {
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5731cc95e99e3014001e62ae | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | What does the State have no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from? | {
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... | context-426_23_3.mp3 | context-426_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group." The court held ... | The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group." The court held ... | question-426_23_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What does the State have no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from? |
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5731cd38e17f3d1400422419 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b... | When was the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman? | {
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5731cd38e17f3d140042241a | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b... | What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman? | {
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5731cd38e17f3d140042241b | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b... | Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools? | {
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... | context-426_24_1.mp3 | context-426_24.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. | Kurtzman, four hundred three U.S. six hundred two (nineteen seventy-one), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. | question-426_24_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools? |
5731cd38e17f3d140042241c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b... | What did the state's policy violate? | {
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... | context-426_24_1.mp3 | context-426_24.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. | Kurtzman, four hundred three U.S. six hundred two (nineteen seventy-one), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. | question-426_24_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What did the state's policy violate? |
5731cd38e17f3d140042241d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b... | What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could never be? | {
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5731ce3ee99e3014001e62be | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... | How many prongs is the Supreme COurt's test to determine if a government action comports with the Establishment Clause? | {
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5731ce3ee99e3014001e62bf | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... | What is the three-pronged test regarding the Establishment Clause know as? | {
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5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... | To not violate the Establishment Clause, a law must be adopted with neutral or what purpose? | {
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5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... | What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit? | {
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5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c2 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... | Excessive entanglement occurs when a state policy results in a close relationship of what? | {
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5731d073b9d445190005e589 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | How many judges were on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional? | {
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} | context-426_26_0.mp3 | context-426_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | In two thousand two, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk G... | question-426_26_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | How many judges were on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional? |
5731d073b9d445190005e58a | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | When did the three judge panel make their ruling? | {
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} | context-426_26_0.mp3 | context-426_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | In two thousand two, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk G... | question-426_26_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | When did the three judge panel make their ruling? |
5731d073b9d445190005e58b | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for? | {
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5731d073b9d445190005e58c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned? | {
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5731d073b9d445190005e58d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked? | {
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5731d14ee99e3014001e62ec | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu... | When did the US Court of Appeals rule in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County? | {
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5731d14ee99e3014001e62ed | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu... | What was displayed in Kentucky courthouses? | {
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5731d14ee99e3014001e62f0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu... | What did a federal judge rule must be removed from public property? | {
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"... | context-426_27_2.mp3 | context-426_27.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May 3, 2006, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed. | In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May three, two thousand six, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed. | question-426_27_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What did a federal judge rule must be removed from public property? |
5731d14ee99e3014001e62ef | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu... | When was a ruling handed down on the Mount Soledad cross controversy? | {
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5731d14ee99e3014001e62ee | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu... | Why were the displays of the ten Commandments allowed? | {
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5731d483b9d445190005e59d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo... | What case is in regards to whether prayers at town meetings must allow various faiths? | {
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5731d5eee17f3d140042247b | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ... | What do some organizations disagree with the notion of? | {
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5731d5eee17f3d140042247f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ... | What do these critics argue couldn't have been intended by the framers of the constitution? | {
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5731d701e17f3d140042248b | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]... | Critics of modern separation of church and state note there was official establishment of what in several states at the time of ratification? | {
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5731d701e17f3d140042248e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]... | What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Living Constitution? | {
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5731d900b9d445190005e5af | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (... | What do the non-permissible clauses require a belief in? | {
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5731d900b9d445190005e5b0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (... | What's one example in Tennessee's constitution? | {
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"... | context-426_32_2.mp3 | context-426_32.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the 14th amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable. | At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the fourteenth amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable. | question-426_32_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what? |
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5731da10e17f3d140042249f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th... | Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches? | {
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... | context-426_33_1.mp3 | context-426_33.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature. | The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature. | question-426_33_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as? |
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5731da10e17f3d14004224a2 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th... | What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible? | {
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"te... | context-426_33_2.mp3 | context-426_33.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion. | A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion. | question-426_33_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible? |
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"... | context-426_33_2.mp3 | context-426_33.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion. | A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion. | question-426_33_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto? |
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"mid-twentieth ... | context-426_34_0.mp3 | context-426_34.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. | Jeffries and Ryan (two thousand one) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. | question-426_34_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | When do Jeffries and Ryan that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from? |
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"t... | context-426_34_1.mp3 | context-426_34.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. | The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. | question-426_34_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | What was later banned in public education? |
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... | context-426_34_2.mp3 | context-426_34.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Jeffries and Ryan argue that these two propositions—that public aid should not go to religious schools and that public schools should not be religious—make up the separationist position of the modern Establishment Clause. | Jeffries and Ryan argue that these two propositions--that public aid should not go to religious schools and that public schools should not be religious--make up the separationist position of the modern Establishment Clause. | question-426_34_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Establishment Clause? |
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"te... | context-426_35_1.mp3 | context-426_35.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. | Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. | question-426_35_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What type of secularism came to dominate American public life? |
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"t... | context-426_35_2.mp3 | context-426_35.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported before 1970 by most Protestants (and most Jews), who opposed aid to religious schools, which were mostly Catholic at the time. | Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported before nineteen seventy by most Protestants (and most Jews), who opposed aid to religious schools, which were mostly Catholic at the time. | question-426_35_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Who supported the ban against government aid to religious schools before nineteen seventy? |
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"t... | context-426_35_3.mp3 | context-426_35.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | After 1980, however, anti-Catholic sentiment has diminished among mainline Protestants, and the crucial coalition of public secularists and Protestant churches has collapsed. | After nineteen eighty, however, anti-Catholic sentiment has diminished among mainline Protestants, and the crucial coalition of public secularists and Protestant churches has collapsed. | question-426_35_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What diminished after nineteen eighty? |
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5731ddefb9d445190005e5d7 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understa... | What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to? | {
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"t... | context-426_36_1.mp3 | context-426_36.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C... | Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C... | question-426_36_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What is the profession of Philip Hamburger? |
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5731df48e99e3014001e6378 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ... | What did evangelicals want to keep apart? | {
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5731e0ad0fdd8d15006c65eb | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be... | What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in? | {
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} | context-426_40_0.mp3 | context-426_40.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. | Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state--no state-run or state-established church--is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. | question-426_40_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing? |
5731e1420fdd8d15006c65f7 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said th... | Where is the Center for New Religions located? | {
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"audio_segment_answer... | context-426_40_1.mp3 | context-426_40.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations. | Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations. | question-426_40_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Where is the Center for New Religions located? |
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