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5731ca39e99e3014001e6278
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
What did the decision ultimately uphold?
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context-426_20_0.mp3
context-426_20.mp3
22,050
Matthew
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
question-426_20_0.mp3
22,050
Salli
What did the decision ultimately uphold?
5731ca39e99e3014001e6279
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
What was the state allowed to continue to fund?
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context-426_20_0.mp3
context-426_20.mp3
22,050
Matthew
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
question-426_20_1.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What was the state allowed to continue to fund?
5731ca39e99e3014001e627a
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
What did both the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate?
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context-426_20_0.mp3
context-426_20.mp3
22,050
Matthew
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
question-426_20_2.mp3
22,050
Joey
What did both the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate?
5731ca39e99e3014001e627b
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?
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context-426_20_0.mp3
context-426_20.mp3
22,050
Matthew
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
question-426_20_3.mp3
22,050
Justin
What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?
5731ca39e99e3014001e627c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const...
What did Justice Jackson argue there were no grounds upon which to support what?
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context-426_20_1.mp3
context-426_20.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the Fi...
Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the Fi...
question-426_20_4.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What did Justice Jackson argue there were no grounds upon which to support what?
5731cae1b9d445190005e563
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch...
When did the Supreme Court address the issue of officially sponsored prayer in public schools?
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context-426_21_0.mp3
context-426_21.mp3
22,050
Emma
In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools.
In nineteen sixty-two, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools.
question-426_21_0.mp3
22,050
Olivia
When did the Supreme Court address the issue of officially sponsored prayer in public schools?
5731cae1b9d445190005e564
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch...
What was the case in 1962 where the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially sponsored school prayer?
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null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
5731cae1b9d445190005e565
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch...
By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an official school prayer?
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context-426_21_2.mp3
context-426_21.mp3
22,050
Emma
Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation.
Vitale, three hundred seventy U.S. four hundred twenty-one (nineteen sixty-two), the Court, by a vote of six-one, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse thems...
question-426_21_2.mp3
22,050
Salli
By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an official school prayer?
5731cae1b9d445190005e566
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public sch...
Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?
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context-426_21_2.mp3
context-426_21.mp3
22,050
Emma
Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation.
Vitale, three hundred seventy U.S. four hundred twenty-one (nineteen sixty-two), the Court, by a vote of six-one, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse thems...
question-426_21_3.mp3
22,050
Brian
Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?
5731cb92e99e3014001e628c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
What was one of the reasons early colonists left England to seek religious freedom in America?
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context-426_22_0.mp3
context-426_22.mp3
22,050
Joey
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
question-426_22_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What was one of the reasons early colonists left England to seek religious freedom in America?
5731cb92e99e3014001e628d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling?
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context-426_22_0.mp3
context-426_22.mp3
22,050
Joey
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
question-426_22_1.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling?
5731cb92e99e3014001e628e
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
What did Stewart object to?
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context-426_22_0.mp3
context-426_22.mp3
22,050
Joey
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
question-426_22_2.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What did Stewart object to?
5731cb92e99e3014001e628f
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what?
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context-426_22_0.mp3
context-426_22.mp3
22,050
Joey
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
question-426_22_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what?
5731cb92e99e3014001e6290
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what?
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context-426_22_0.mp3
context-426_22.mp3
22,050
Joey
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ...
question-426_22_4.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what?
5731cc95e99e3014001e62aa
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ...
When did the case of Epperson v. Arkansas take place?
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context-426_23_1.mp3
context-426_23.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university that received p...
Arkansas, three hundred ninety-three U.S. ninety-seven (nineteen sixty-eight), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this t...
question-426_23_0.mp3
22,050
Joanna
When did the case of Epperson v. Arkansas take place?
5731cc95e99e3014001e62ad
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ...
What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to?
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context-426_23_2.mp3
context-426_23.mp3
22,050
Kevin
The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
question-426_23_1.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to?
5731cc95e99e3014001e62ac
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ...
Who wrote the court's opinion in Epperson v. Arkansas?
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context-426_23_2.mp3
context-426_23.mp3
22,050
Kevin
The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
question-426_23_2.mp3
22,050
Salli
Who wrote the court's opinion in Epperson v. Arkansas?
5731cc95e99e3014001e62ae
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ...
What does the State have no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from?
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context-426_23_3.mp3
context-426_23.mp3
22,050
Kevin
The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group." The court held ...
The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group." The court held ...
question-426_23_3.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What does the State have no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from?
5731cc95e99e3014001e62ab
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ...
What did an Arkansas law make it a crime to teach the theory of?
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context-426_23_1.mp3
context-426_23.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university that received p...
Arkansas, three hundred ninety-three U.S. ninety-seven (nineteen sixty-eight), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this t...
question-426_23_4.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What did an Arkansas law make it a crime to teach the theory of?
5731cd38e17f3d1400422419
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b...
When was the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman?
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context-426_24_1.mp3
context-426_24.mp3
22,050
Emma
Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
Kurtzman, four hundred three U.S. six hundred two (nineteen seventy-one), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
question-426_24_0.mp3
22,050
Ivy
When was the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman?
5731cd38e17f3d140042241a
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b...
What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman?
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context-426_24_1.mp3
context-426_24.mp3
22,050
Emma
Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
Kurtzman, four hundred three U.S. six hundred two (nineteen seventy-one), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
question-426_24_1.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman?
5731cd38e17f3d140042241b
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b...
Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools?
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context-426_24_1.mp3
context-426_24.mp3
22,050
Emma
Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
Kurtzman, four hundred three U.S. six hundred two (nineteen seventy-one), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
question-426_24_2.mp3
22,050
Joey
Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools?
5731cd38e17f3d140042241c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b...
What did the state's policy violate?
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context-426_24_1.mp3
context-426_24.mp3
22,050
Emma
Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
Kurtzman, four hundred three U.S. six hundred two (nineteen seventy-one), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.
question-426_24_3.mp3
22,050
Amy
What did the state's policy violate?
5731cd38e17f3d140042241d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never b...
What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could never be?
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context-426_24_2.mp3
context-426_24.mp3
22,050
Emma
The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never be absolute: "Our prior holdings do not call for total separation between church and state; total separation is not possible in an absolute sense.
The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never be absolute: "Our prior holdings do not call for total separation between church and state; total separation is not possible in an absolute sense.
question-426_24_4.mp3
22,050
Joey
What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could never be?
5731ce3ee99e3014001e62be
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
How many prongs is the Supreme COurt's test to determine if a government action comports with the Establishment Clause?
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context-426_25_0.mp3
context-426_25.mp3
22,050
Emma
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test".
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test".
question-426_25_0.mp3
22,050
Brian
How many prongs is the Supreme COurt's test to determine if a government action comports with the Establishment Clause?
5731ce3ee99e3014001e62bf
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
What is the three-pronged test regarding the Establishment Clause know as?
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context-426_25_0.mp3
context-426_25.mp3
22,050
Emma
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test".
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test".
question-426_25_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What is the three-pronged test regarding the Establishment Clause know as?
5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c0
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
To not violate the Establishment Clause, a law must be adopted with neutral or what purpose?
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context-426_25_1.mp3
context-426_25.mp3
22,050
Emma
First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose.
First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose.
question-426_25_2.mp3
22,050
Salli
To not violate the Establishment Clause, a law must be adopted with neutral or what purpose?
5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c1
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit?
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context-426_25_2.mp3
context-426_25.mp3
22,050
Emma
Second, the principle or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion.
Second, the principle or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion.
question-426_25_3.mp3
22,050
Salli
What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit?
5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c2
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ...
Excessive entanglement occurs when a state policy results in a close relationship of what?
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context-426_25_3.mp3
context-426_25.mp3
22,050
Emma
Third, the statute or policy must not result in an "excessive entanglement" of government with religion.
Third, the statute or policy must not result in an "excessive entanglement" of government with religion.
question-426_25_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
Excessive entanglement occurs when a state policy results in a close relationship of what?
5731d073b9d445190005e589
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
How many judges were on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional?
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context-426_26_0.mp3
context-426_26.mp3
22,050
Kevin
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
In two thousand two, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk G...
question-426_26_0.mp3
22,050
Olivia
How many judges were on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional?
5731d073b9d445190005e58a
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
When did the three judge panel make their ruling?
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context-426_26_0.mp3
context-426_26.mp3
22,050
Kevin
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
In two thousand two, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk G...
question-426_26_1.mp3
22,050
Joey
When did the three judge panel make their ruling?
5731d073b9d445190005e58b
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?
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context-426_26_0.mp3
context-426_26.mp3
22,050
Kevin
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
In two thousand two, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk G...
question-426_26_2.mp3
22,050
Salli
What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?
5731d073b9d445190005e58c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned?
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context-426_26_2.mp3
context-426_26.mp3
22,050
Kevin
The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June 2004, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue.
The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June two thousand four, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue.
question-426_26_3.mp3
22,050
Justin
Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned?
5731d073b9d445190005e58d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified...
What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?
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context-426_26_3.mp3
context-426_26.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Rather, a five-justice majority held that Newdow, a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter, lacked standing to sue.
Rather, a five-justice majority held that Newdow, a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter, lacked standing to sue.
question-426_26_4.mp3
22,050
Salli
What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?
5731d14ee99e3014001e62ec
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu...
When did the US Court of Appeals rule in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County?
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context-426_27_0.mp3
context-426_27.mp3
22,050
Salli
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v.
On December twenty, two thousand five, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v.
question-426_27_0.mp3
22,050
Joanna
When did the US Court of Appeals rule in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County?
5731d14ee99e3014001e62ed
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu...
What was displayed in Kentucky courthouses?
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context-426_27_1.mp3
context-426_27.mp3
22,050
Salli
Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.
Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.
question-426_27_1.mp3
22,050
Brian
What was displayed in Kentucky courthouses?
5731d14ee99e3014001e62f0
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu...
What did a federal judge rule must be removed from public property?
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context-426_27_2.mp3
context-426_27.mp3
22,050
Salli
In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May 3, 2006, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.
In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May three, two thousand six, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.
question-426_27_2.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What did a federal judge rule must be removed from public property?
5731d14ee99e3014001e62ef
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu...
When was a ruling handed down on the Mount Soledad cross controversy?
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context-426_27_2.mp3
context-426_27.mp3
22,050
Salli
In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May 3, 2006, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.
In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May three, two thousand six, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.
question-426_27_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
When was a ruling handed down on the Mount Soledad cross controversy?
5731d14ee99e3014001e62ee
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the pu...
Why were the displays of the ten Commandments allowed?
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context-426_27_1.mp3
context-426_27.mp3
22,050
Salli
Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.
Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.
question-426_27_4.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Why were the displays of the ten Commandments allowed?
5731d483b9d445190005e59d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo...
What case is in regards to whether prayers at town meetings must allow various faiths?
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null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
5731d483b9d445190005e59e
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo...
When did the Supreme Court rule on Town of Greece v. Galloway?
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context-426_28_2.mp3
context-426_28.mp3
22,050
Amy
On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
On May five, twenty fourteen, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled five-four in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
question-426_28_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
When did the Supreme Court rule on Town of Greece v. Galloway?
5731d483b9d445190005e59f
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo...
What was the Supreme Court's final vote in Town of Greece v. Galloway?
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context-426_28_2.mp3
context-426_28.mp3
22,050
Amy
On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
On May five, twenty fourteen, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled five-four in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
question-426_28_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
What was the Supreme Court's final vote in Town of Greece v. Galloway?
5731d483b9d445190005e5a0
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo...
Who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?
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context-426_28_2.mp3
context-426_28.mp3
22,050
Amy
On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
On May five, twenty fourteen, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled five-four in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
question-426_28_3.mp3
22,050
Joey
Who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?
5731d483b9d445190005e5a1
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favo...
What did the Supreme Court rule the Constitution allowed for?
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context-426_28_2.mp3
context-426_28.mp3
22,050
Amy
On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
On May five, twenty fourteen, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled five-four in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.
question-426_28_4.mp3
22,050
Salli
What did the Supreme Court rule the Constitution allowed for?
5731d5eee17f3d140042247b
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ...
What do some organizations disagree with the notion of?
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context-426_29_0.mp3
context-426_29.mp3
22,050
Amy
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment.
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment.
question-426_29_0.mp3
22,050
Brian
What do some organizations disagree with the notion of?
5731d5eee17f3d140042247d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ...
What do the critics argue the phrase misrepresents?
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context-426_29_1.mp3
context-426_29.mp3
22,050
Amy
Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified.
Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified.
question-426_29_1.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What do the critics argue the phrase misrepresents?
5731d5eee17f3d140042247c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ...
What do scholars also disagree with about the way the Supreme Court has interpreted what?
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context-426_29_0.mp3
context-426_29.mp3
22,050
Amy
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment.
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment.
question-426_29_2.mp3
22,050
Salli
What do scholars also disagree with about the way the Supreme Court has interpreted what?
5731d5eee17f3d140042247e
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ...
What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified?
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context-426_29_1.mp3
context-426_29.mp3
22,050
Amy
Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified.
Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified.
question-426_29_3.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified?
5731d5eee17f3d140042247f
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ...
What do these critics argue couldn't have been intended by the framers of the constitution?
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context-426_29_2.mp3
context-426_29.mp3
22,050
Amy
These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers.
These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers.
question-426_29_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
What do these critics argue couldn't have been intended by the framers of the constitution?
5731d701e17f3d140042248b
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
Critics of modern separation of church and state note there was official establishment of what in several states at the time of ratification?
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context-426_30_0.mp3
context-426_30.mp3
22,050
Amy
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
question-426_30_0.mp3
22,050
Justin
Critics of modern separation of church and state note there was official establishment of what in several states at the time of ratification?
5731d701e17f3d140042248c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
When was the passage of the 14th Amendment?
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context-426_30_0.mp3
context-426_30.mp3
22,050
Amy
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
question-426_30_1.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
When was the passage of the fourteenth Amendment?
5731d701e17f3d140042248d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
What was recognized by the time the 14th Amendment passed?
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context-426_30_0.mp3
context-426_30.mp3
22,050
Amy
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
question-426_30_2.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What was recognized by the time the fourteenth Amendment passed?
5731d701e17f3d140042248e
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Living Constitution?
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context-426_30_1.mp3
context-426_30.mp3
22,050
Amy
Many of these constitutional debates relate to the competing interpretive theories of originalism versus modern, progressivist theories such as the doctrine of the Living Constitution.
Many of these constitutional debates relate to the competing interpretive theories of originalism versus modern, progressivist theories such as the doctrine of the Living Constitution.
question-426_30_3.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Living Constitution?
5731d701e17f3d140042248f
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed]...
What do some debates center on the law of the land not being just defined by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause but also by what?
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context-426_30_2.mp3
context-426_30.mp3
22,050
Amy
Other debates center on the principle of the law of the land in America being defined not just by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause, but also by legal precedence, making an accurate reading of the Constitution subject to the mores and values of a given era, and rendering the concept of historical revisionism irreleva...
Other debates center on the principle of the law of the land in America being defined not just by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause, but also by legal precedence, making an accurate reading of the Constitution subject to the mores and values of a given era, and rendering the concept of historical revisionism irreleva...
question-426_30_4.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What do some debates center on the law of the land not being just defined by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause but also by what?
5731d7dbe99e3014001e6326
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Con...
What clause are both elected officials and appointed ones covered by?
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context-426_31_0.mp3
context-426_31.mp3
22,050
Ivy
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees.
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees.
question-426_31_0.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What clause are both elected officials and appointed ones covered by?
5731d7dbe99e3014001e6327
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Con...
What type of beliefs are not an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?
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context-426_31_1.mp3
context-426_31.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Constitution.
Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Constitution.
question-426_31_1.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What type of beliefs are not an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?
5731d7dbe99e3014001e6328
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Con...
How many states violate the religious test clause with language somewhere in their official policies?
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context-426_31_2.mp3
context-426_31.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Seven states, however, have language included in their Bill of Rights, Declaration of Rights, or in the body of their constitutions that require state office-holders to have particular religious beliefs, though some of these have been successfully challenged in court.
Seven states, however, have language included in their Bill of Rights, Declaration of Rights, or in the body of their constitutions that require state office-holders to have particular religious beliefs, though some of these have been successfully challenged in court.
question-426_31_2.mp3
22,050
Kevin
How many states violate the religious test clause with language somewhere in their official policies?
5731d7dbe99e3014001e6329
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Con...
What do states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?
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context-426_31_2.mp3
context-426_31.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Seven states, however, have language included in their Bill of Rights, Declaration of Rights, or in the body of their constitutions that require state office-holders to have particular religious beliefs, though some of these have been successfully challenged in court.
Seven states, however, have language included in their Bill of Rights, Declaration of Rights, or in the body of their constitutions that require state office-holders to have particular religious beliefs, though some of these have been successfully challenged in court.
question-426_31_3.mp3
22,050
Joey
What do states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?
5731d900b9d445190005e5af
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (...
What do the non-permissible clauses require a belief in?
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context-426_32_0.mp3
context-426_32.mp3
22,050
Kevin
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments.
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments.
question-426_32_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What do the non-permissible clauses require a belief in?
5731d900b9d445190005e5b0
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (...
What's one example in Tennessee's constitution?
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context-426_32_1.mp3
context-426_32.mp3
22,050
Kevin
(Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court.
(Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section two is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court.
question-426_32_1.mp3
22,050
Amy
What's one example in Tennessee's constitution?
5731d900b9d445190005e5b1
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (...
What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?
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context-426_32_1.mp3
context-426_32.mp3
22,050
Kevin
(Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court.
(Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section two is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court.
question-426_32_2.mp3
22,050
Emma
What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?
5731d900b9d445190005e5b2
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (...
Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what?
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context-426_32_2.mp3
context-426_32.mp3
22,050
Kevin
At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the 14th amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable.
At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the fourteenth amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable.
question-426_32_3.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what?
5731d900b9d445190005e5b3
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (...
Because such oaths are in violation of the First Amendment, they're what?
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context-426_32_2.mp3
context-426_32.mp3
22,050
Kevin
At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the 14th amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable.
At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the fourteenth amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable.
question-426_32_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
Because such oaths are in violation of the First Amendment, they're what?
5731da10e17f3d140042249f
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th...
Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?
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context-426_33_0.mp3
context-426_33.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society.
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society.
question-426_33_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?
5731da10e17f3d14004224a0
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th...
What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?
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context-426_33_1.mp3
context-426_33.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.
The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.
question-426_33_1.mp3
22,050
Justin
What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?
5731da10e17f3d14004224a1
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th...
What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?
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context-426_33_1.mp3
context-426_33.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.
The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.
question-426_33_2.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?
5731da10e17f3d14004224a2
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th...
What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible?
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context-426_33_2.mp3
context-426_33.mp3
22,050
Joanna
A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.
A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.
question-426_33_3.mp3
22,050
Salli
What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible?
5731da10e17f3d14004224a3
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th...
Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?
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context-426_33_2.mp3
context-426_33.mp3
22,050
Joanna
A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.
A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.
question-426_33_4.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?
5731dc7ae99e3014001e635c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. Jeffr...
When do Jeffries and Ryan that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from?
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context-426_34_0.mp3
context-426_34.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court.
Jeffries and Ryan (two thousand one) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court.
question-426_34_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
When do Jeffries and Ryan that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from?
5731dc7ae99e3014001e635d
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. Jeffr...
What was the central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?
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context-426_34_1.mp3
context-426_34.mp3
22,050
Kendra
The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education.
The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education.
question-426_34_1.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What was the central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?
5731dc7ae99e3014001e635e
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. Jeffr...
What was later banned in public education?
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context-426_34_1.mp3
context-426_34.mp3
22,050
Kendra
The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education.
The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education.
question-426_34_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
What was later banned in public education?
5731dc7ae99e3014001e635f
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. Jeffr...
How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Establishment Clause?
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context-426_34_2.mp3
context-426_34.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Jeffries and Ryan argue that these two propositions—that public aid should not go to religious schools and that public schools should not be religious—make up the separationist position of the modern Establishment Clause.
Jeffries and Ryan argue that these two propositions--that public aid should not go to religious schools and that public schools should not be religious--make up the separationist position of the modern Establishment Clause.
question-426_34_3.mp3
22,050
Kendra
How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Establishment Clause?
5731dd32e17f3d14004224b9
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported ...
What position do Jeffries and Ryan argue was the reason for support from a coalition of separationists?
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context-426_35_0.mp3
context-426_35.mp3
22,050
Salli
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion.
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion.
question-426_35_0.mp3
22,050
Brian
What position do Jeffries and Ryan argue was the reason for support from a coalition of separationists?
5731dd32e17f3d14004224ba
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported ...
What type of secularism came to dominate American public life?
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context-426_35_1.mp3
context-426_35.mp3
22,050
Salli
Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere.
Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere.
question-426_35_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What type of secularism came to dominate American public life?
5731dd32e17f3d14004224bb
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported ...
Who supported the ban against government aid to religious schools before 1970?
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context-426_35_2.mp3
context-426_35.mp3
22,050
Salli
Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported before 1970 by most Protestants (and most Jews), who opposed aid to religious schools, which were mostly Catholic at the time.
Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported before nineteen seventy by most Protestants (and most Jews), who opposed aid to religious schools, which were mostly Catholic at the time.
question-426_35_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
Who supported the ban against government aid to religious schools before nineteen seventy?
5731dd32e17f3d14004224bc
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported ...
What diminished after 1980?
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context-426_35_3.mp3
context-426_35.mp3
22,050
Salli
After 1980, however, anti-Catholic sentiment has diminished among mainline Protestants, and the crucial coalition of public secularists and Protestant churches has collapsed.
After nineteen eighty, however, anti-Catholic sentiment has diminished among mainline Protestants, and the crucial coalition of public secularists and Protestant churches has collapsed.
question-426_35_3.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What diminished after nineteen eighty?
5731dd32e17f3d14004224bd
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported ...
What is opposed today by members of many Protestant faiths?
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context-426_35_5.mp3
context-426_35.mp3
22,050
Salli
As a consequence, strict separationism is opposed today by members of many Protestant faiths, even perhaps eclipsing the opposition of Roman Catholics.[citation needed]
As a consequence, strict separationism is opposed today by members of many Protestant faiths, even perhaps eclipsing the opposition of Roman Catholics.[citation needed]
question-426_35_4.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What is opposed today by members of many Protestant faiths?
5731ddefb9d445190005e5d7
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understa...
What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to?
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context-426_36_0.mp3
context-426_36.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it.
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it.
question-426_36_0.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to?
5731ddefb9d445190005e5d8
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understa...
What is the profession of Philip Hamburger?
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context-426_36_1.mp3
context-426_36.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
question-426_36_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What is the profession of Philip Hamburger?
5731ddefb9d445190005e5d9
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understa...
What school is Philip Hamburger associated with?
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context-426_36_1.mp3
context-426_36.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
question-426_36_2.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What school is Philip Hamburger associated with?
5731ddefb9d445190005e5da
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understa...
What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in?
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context-426_36_1.mp3
context-426_36.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
question-426_36_3.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in?
5731ddefb9d445190005e5db
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understa...
What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state known as?
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context-426_36_1.mp3
context-426_36.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme C...
question-426_36_4.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state known as?
5731dee2e17f3d14004224cd
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert...
Who is the Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee?
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context-426_37_0.mp3
context-426_37.mp3
22,050
Salli
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle.
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle.
question-426_37_0.mp3
22,050
Salli
Who is the Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee?
5731dee2e17f3d14004224ce
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert...
What does Walker feel does not impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state?
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context-426_37_0.mp3
context-426_37.mp3
22,050
Salli
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle.
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle.
question-426_37_1.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What does Walker feel does not impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state?
5731dee2e17f3d14004224cf
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert...
Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with a desire for a secular culture?
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context-426_37_1.mp3
context-426_37.mp3
22,050
Salli
Champions of religious liberty have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with anti-Catholicism or desire for a secular culture.
Champions of religious liberty have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with anti-Catholicism or desire for a secular culture.
question-426_37_2.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with a desire for a secular culture?
5731dee2e17f3d14004224d0
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert...
Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what?
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context-426_37_2.mp3
context-426_37.mp3
22,050
Salli
Of course, separationists have opposed the Catholic Church when it has sought to tap into the public till to support its parochial schools or to argue for on-campus released time in the public schools.
Of course, separationists have opposed the Catholic Church when it has sought to tap into the public till to support its parochial schools or to argue for on-campus released time in the public schools.
question-426_37_3.mp3
22,050
Amy
Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what?
5731dee2e17f3d14004224d1
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert...
What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of?
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context-426_37_3.mp3
context-426_37.mp3
22,050
Salli
But that principled debate on the issues does not support a charge of religious bigotry"
But that principled debate on the issues does not support a charge of religious bigotry"
question-426_37_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of?
5731df48e99e3014001e6378
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
What did evangelicals want to keep apart?
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context-426_38_0.mp3
context-426_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
question-426_38_0.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What did evangelicals want to keep apart?
5731df48e99e3014001e6379
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
What did religious freedom result from?
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context-426_38_0.mp3
context-426_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
question-426_38_1.mp3
22,050
Brian
What did religious freedom result from?
5731df48e99e3014001e637a
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
What profession does Frank Lambert have?
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context-426_38_0.mp3
context-426_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
question-426_38_2.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What profession does Frank Lambert have?
5731df48e99e3014001e637b
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
What is the name of Lambert's book?
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context-426_38_0.mp3
context-426_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
question-426_38_3.mp3
22,050
Joey
What is the name of Lambert's book?
5731df48e99e3014001e637c
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ...
What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?
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context-426_38_1.mp3
context-426_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
"New Light evangelicals such as Isaac Bachus and John Leland joined forces with Deists and skeptics such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson to fight for a complete separation of church and state."
"New Light evangelicals such as Isaac Bachus and John Leland joined forces with Deists and skeptics such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson to fight for a complete separation of church and state."
question-426_38_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?
5731e0ad0fdd8d15006c65eb
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be...
What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in?
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context-426_39_0.mp3
context-426_39.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States.
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States.
question-426_39_0.mp3
22,050
Justin
What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in?
5731e0ad0fdd8d15006c65ed
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be...
Whose speech does Bellah's 1967 article analyze?
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context-426_39_2.mp3
context-426_39.mp3
22,050
Matthew
His 1967 article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."
His nineteen sixty-seven article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."
question-426_39_1.mp3
22,050
Salli
Whose speech does Bellah's nineteen sixty-seven article analyze?
5731e0ad0fdd8d15006c65ec
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be...
What does Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?
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context-426_39_1.mp3
context-426_39.mp3
22,050
Matthew
He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation between politics and religion in the United States.
He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation between politics and religion in the United States.
question-426_39_2.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What does Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?
5731e0ad0fdd8d15006c65ee
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be...
What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to use?
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context-426_39_2.mp3
context-426_39.mp3
22,050
Matthew
His 1967 article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."
His nineteen sixty-seven article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."
question-426_39_3.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to use?
5731e0ad0fdd8d15006c65ef
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be...
What has the separation of church and state failed to deny the political realm of?
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context-426_39_2.mp3
context-426_39.mp3
22,050
Matthew
His 1967 article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."
His nineteen sixty-seven article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."
question-426_39_4.mp3
22,050
Justin
What has the separation of church and state failed to deny the political realm of?
5731e1420fdd8d15006c65f6
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said th...
What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do?
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context-426_40_0.mp3
context-426_40.mp3
22,050
Joey
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish.
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state--no state-run or state-established church--is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish.
question-426_40_0.mp3
22,050
Brian
What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do?
5731e1420fdd8d15006c65f5
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said th...
Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?
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context-426_40_0.mp3
context-426_40.mp3
22,050
Joey
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish.
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state--no state-run or state-established church--is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish.
question-426_40_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?
5731e1420fdd8d15006c65f7
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said th...
Where is the Center for New Religions located?
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context-426_40_1.mp3
context-426_40.mp3
22,050
Joey
Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations.
Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations.
question-426_40_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
Where is the Center for New Religions located?