What are little boys made of What are little boys made of Snips & snails & puppy dogs tails And such are little boys made of. What are little girls made of Sugar & spice & all things nice</poem> Extracts from the nursery rhyme\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6313397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat roof\",\n \"text\": \"in look and performance but were far from their real chemical and physical characteristics of the TPO membrane. TPO was formulated to fix all the problems associated with other Thermoplastic membranes. Having no plasticizers and chemically being closer to rubber but having better seam, puncture, and tear strength, TPO was touted to be white weldable rubber of the future. From 2007-2012 reported sales of TPO roofing products by all six major U.S. manufacturer's report materials and accessories sales quadrupling all other flat roofing materials. Gross sales of TPO membrane roofing in U.S. exceeds all other flat roof types combined. TPO's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4650294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"room for error. Most flat serves fly straight through the air and bounce relatively medium-low in comparison to other types of serves. They are characterized by their speed and placement. A good flat serve should be aimed along the center of the court, where the net is lowest, in order to maximize chances of landing the serve. Although the placement of this serve is generally the same, its speed at arrival is often used to generate aces or service winners. Many professional players utilize strong flat serves, such as Robin Söderling and Andy Roddick. Flat (tennis) A flat shot in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14270208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat roof\",\n \"text\": \"or coated with a cool material. Cool roofs offer both immediate and long-term savings in building energy costs. Inherently cool roofs, coated roofs and planted or green roofs can: Flat roof A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to be used as a living space or a living roof. Flat roofs, or \\\"low-slope\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4650312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Are The Theosophists?\",\n \"text\": \"often attracted all sorts of neurotics, hysterics and even madmen: \\\"All organisations which depend on enthusiasm and opposition to conventional opinion suffer from this problem to some degree; Theosophy appears to have been especially prone to it. The permanent residents at Adyar during the 1880s and '90s were typical. A quarrelsome collection of minor English aristocrats, rich American widows, German professors, Indian mystics and hangerson of every description, they were all eager to have their say, especially during Olcott's prolonged absences, and all ready to quarrel with one another.\\\" What Are The Theosophists? \\\"What Are The Theosophists?\\\" is an editorial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20792648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of municipalities in Quebec\",\n \"text\": \"Types of municipalities in Quebec The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Not included are the urban agglomerations of Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers. A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec. All municipalities (except cities), whether township,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6762968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat chain\",\n \"text\": \"to move material. Such attachments can be welded on in the field, or can be purchased ready-made on a single link (or pair of links where the conveyor uses two chains) and then spliced into a loop of chain. Older forms of flat chain were made of iron. Though the sprockets are compatible with modern chain, the two types cannot be spliced together. Flat chain Flat chain is a form of chain used chiefly in agricultural machinery. Early machinery made extensive use of flat chain. It has been gradually replaced in most applications by roller chain, which is quieter, lasts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2909390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat-eight engine\",\n \"text\": \"Flat-eight engine A Flat-Eight or Horizontally-Opposed Eight (H8) is an internal combustion engine in flat configuration, having 8 cylinders. A well-known engine of this type is the Porsche air-cooled flat-8 engine. It was introduced as a 1.5-litre engine for Formula One, and grew to a 3-litre version used in the Porsche 908. Continental and Lycoming have both produced flat-8 aircraft engines. The Lycoming IO-720 and Continental IO-720 series of engines have been in production for several decades. A flat-8 is marginally smoother than a flat-6, but since both types are exceptionally smooth, it is normally simpler and cheaper to specify\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6330456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat panel display\",\n \"text\": \"in an interactive display. Bistable flat-panel displays are beginning deployment in limited applications (Cholesteric displays, manufactured by Magink, in outdoor advertising; electrophoretic displays in e-book reader devices from Sony and iRex; anlabels). Flat panel display Flat-panel displays are electronic viewing technologies used to enable people to see content (still images, moving images, text, or other visual material) in a range of entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer, and mobile devices, and many types of medical, transportation and industrial equipment. They are far lighter and thinner than traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets and video displays and are usually less than\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2003166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Naughty Girl (Holly Valance song)\",\n \"text\": \"The single eventually spent eleven weeks in the top fifty and eighteen weeks in the top one hundred, leaving the chart in the issue dated 26 May 2003. It became the sixtieth highest selling single in Australia for 2003 and was given a gold certification on its third week on the chart for shipments in excess of 35,000 copies. CD2 single Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Footprints\\\". Naughty Girl (Holly Valance song) \\\"Naughty Girl\\\" is a song performed by Australian recording artist Holly Valance for her debut album \\\"Footprints\\\" (2002). The song was released as the album's third\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6774175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of motorcycles\",\n \"text\": \"Types of motorcycles There are many systems for classifying types of motorcycles, describing how the motorcycles are put to use, or the designer's intent, or some combination of the two. Six main categories are widely recognized: cruiser, sport, touring, standard, dual-purpose, and dirt bike. Sometimes sport touring motorcycles are recognized as a seventh category. Strong lines are sometimes drawn between motorcycles and their smaller cousins, mopeds, scooters, and underbones, but other classification schemes include these as types of motorcycles. There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles. There are strict classification systems enforced by competitive motorcycle sport\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5905146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of motorcycles\",\n \"text\": \"Types of motorcycles There are many systems for classifying types of motorcycles, describing how the motorcycles are put to use, or the designer's intent, or some combination of the two. Six main categories are widely recognized: cruiser, sport, touring, standard, dual-purpose, and dirt bike. Sometimes sport touring motorcycles are recognized as a seventh category. Strong lines are sometimes drawn between motorcycles and their smaller cousins, mopeds, scooters, and underbones, but other classification schemes include these as types of motorcycles. There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles. There are strict classification systems enforced by competitive motorcycle sport\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5905126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Naughty Girl (Holly Valance song)\",\n \"text\": \"Naughty Girl (Holly Valance song) \\\"Naughty Girl\\\" is a song performed by Australian recording artist Holly Valance for her debut album \\\"Footprints\\\" (2002). The song was released as the album's third and final single on 14 December 2002. It was written by Grant Black, Cozi Costi, Deborah Ffrench and Brio Taliaferro and produced by Phil Thornalley. \\\"Naughty Girl\\\" debuted at number three on the Australian Singles Chart in the issue dated 20 January 2003, being the highest debut on the singles chart for that week. It became the third consecutive single from \\\"Footprints\\\" to reach the top ten in Australia.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6774174\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat panel display\",\n \"text\": \"Flat panel display Flat-panel displays are electronic viewing technologies used to enable people to see content (still images, moving images, text, or other visual material) in a range of entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer, and mobile devices, and many types of medical, transportation and industrial equipment. They are far lighter and thinner than traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets and video displays and are usually less than thick. Flat-panel displays can be divided into two display device categories: volatile and static. Volatile displays require that pixels be periodically electronically refreshed to retain their state (e.g., liquid-crystal displays (LCD)). A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2003152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat-12 engine\",\n \"text\": \"the problem was eventually solved, changes in the rules by the FIA and ACO doomed its prospects. Henry Meadows built a flat-12 petrol engine in World War II for the British Covenanter tank. In 1954, Panhard fitted a flat-12 (based on its earlier air-cooled two-cylinder) in the EBR armored car. Franklin 12 was a series of air-cooled flat-12 aircraft engines produced by Franklin Engine Company in the 1940s and 1950s. Ferrari flat-12 engine Flat-12 engine A flat-12 is a 12-cylinder internal combustion engine in a flat configuration. Rarer, wider, and less tall than a V12, the flat-12 design was used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1628779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mersey flat\",\n \"text\": \"fitted with steam engines, and later with diesel engines, although there were still around 20 working by sail in 1935. Both the Liverpool Maritime Museum and the Ellesmere Port Museum have a Mersey flat in their collections, neither of which actually worked under sail. Mersey flat A Mersey flat is a type of doubled-ended barge with rounded bilges, carvel build and fully decked. Traditionally, the hull was built of oak and the deck was pitch pine. Some had a single mast, with a fore-and-aft rig, while some had an additional mizzen mast. Despite having a flat bottom and curved sides,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4092627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Are What You Is\",\n \"text\": \"You Are What You Is You Are What You Is is a double album by American musician Frank Zappa. It was originally released as a double album in 1981 and later by Rykodisc as a 20-song CD. After the release of \\\"Joe's Garage\\\", Frank Zappa set up his home studio, the Utility Muffin Research Kitchen, and planned to release a triple LP live album called \\\"Warts and All\\\". As \\\"Warts and All\\\" reached completion, Zappa found the project to be \\\"unwieldy\\\" due to its length, and scrapped it, later conceiving \\\"Crush All Boxes\\\". \\\"Crush All Boxes\\\" would have been a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12945390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Are Little Boys Made Of?\",\n \"text\": \"by Roud number What Are Little Boys Made Of? \\\"What Are Little Boys Made Of?\\\" is a popular nursery rhyme dating from the early 19th century. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 821. The author of the rhyme is uncertain, but may be English poet Robert Southey (1774–1843). Here is a representative modern version of the lyrics: <poem> What are little boys made of? What are little boys made of? That's what little boys are made of What are little girls made of? What are little girls made of? That's what little girls are made of</poem> The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6313401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Are Little Boys Made Of?\",\n \"text\": \"What Are Little Boys Made Of? \\\"What Are Little Boys Made Of?\\\" is a popular nursery rhyme dating from the early 19th century. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 821. The author of the rhyme is uncertain, but may be English poet Robert Southey (1774–1843). Here is a representative modern version of the lyrics: <poem> What are little boys made of? What are little boys made of? That's what little boys are made of What are little girls made of? What are little girls made of? That's what little girls are made of</poem> The rhyme appears in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6313395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oatman Flat\",\n \"text\": \"Flat is now farmland that covers the sites of the old stations, but the Oatman Grave and Fourr Cemetery are still to be found. Oatman Flat Oatman Flat, is a flat, south of Oatman Mountain, on the south bank of the Gila River and north of the mouth of Wild Horse Canyon in Maricopa County, Arizona. The flat was named for the Oatman family that was massacred in their camp on the bluff overlooking the flat in 1851. They were later buried there along the Southern Emigrant Trail overlooking the flat that bears their name. What became known as Oatman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18334474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat wagon\",\n \"text\": \"logs, four-axle wagons with non-drivable decks and equipped with high, fixed stanchions are used (Class \\\"Snps\\\"). Wagons with a flat deck for transporting assembled track sections, some of which are fitted with special equipment and used in maintenance of way trains, are usually classified as departmental wagons. Under some circumstances bucket wagons (\\\"Kübelwagen\\\") are not classified as open wagons, but grouped into Class S. The group known as \\\"Spreizhaubenwagen\\\" (Sins, Sfins) are related to the Sliding wall wagons and, like them are for hygroscopic goods, but have no fixed roof. The sliding walls taper inwards towards the top and are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13136772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\",\n \"text\": \"in the elegiac atmosphere of the West itself, set off by the aging Stewart and Wayne.\\\" \\\"The New Yorker\\\"'s Richard Brody described it as \\\"the greatest American political movie\\\", because of its depictions of a free press, town meetings, statehood debates, and the \\\"civilizing influence\\\" of education in frontier America. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance () is a 1962 American Western film directed by John Ford starring James Stewart and John Wayne. The black-and-white film was released by Paramount Pictures. The screenplay\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2534970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of plant oils\",\n \"text\": \"Types of plant oils Plant oils or vegetable oils are oils derived from plant sources, as opposed to animal fats or petroleum. There are three primary types of plant oil, differing both the means of extracting the relevant parts of the plant, and in the nature of the resulting oil: Vegetable fats and oils are what are most commonly called vegetable oils. These are triglyceride-based, and include cooking oils like canola oil, solid oils like cocoa butter, oils used in paint like linseed oil and oils used for industrial purposes. Pressed vegetable oils are extracted from the plant containing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8030014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat module\",\n \"text\": \"projectivity and freeness are all equivalent. The field of quotients of an integral domain, and, more generally, any localization of a commutative ring are flat modules. The product of the local rings of a commutative ring is a faithfully flat module. Flatness was introduced by in his paper \\\"Géometrie Algébrique et Géométrie Analytique\\\". See also flat morphism. Let \\\"M\\\" be an \\\"R\\\"-module. The following conditions are all equivalent, so \\\"M\\\" is flat if it satisfies any (thus all) of them: When \\\"R\\\" isn't commutative one needs the more careful statement that, if \\\"M\\\" is a flat left \\\"R\\\"-module, the tensor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2714686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\",\n \"text\": \"jaw and leaves. Shinbone's residents meet to elect two delegates for a statehood convention at the territorial capital. Doniphon nominates Stoddard, because he \\\"knows the law, and throws a mean punch.\\\" Stoddard explains that statehood will improve infrastructure, safety, and education. The cattle barons oppose statehood, and hire Valance to sabotage the effort, but Stoddard defies him again. The townspeople elect Stoddard and Dutton Peabody, publisher of the local newspaper; Valance challenges Stoddard to a gunfight. Doniphon advises Stoddard to leave town, but Stoddard believes in the rule of law, and is willing to risk his life for his principles.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2534950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\",\n \"text\": \"being \\\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\\\" Senator Ranse Stoddard and his wife Hallie arrive in Shinbone, a frontier town in an unnamed western state, to attend the funeral of Tom Doniphon. As they pay their respects, reporters ask Stoddard why a United States Senator would make the long journey from Washington to attend the funeral of a local rancher. The story flashes back 25 years; Stoddard is a young, idealistic attorney. His stagecoach is robbed by Liberty Valance and his gang. When Stoddard tries to take Valance to task, Stoddard is brutally whipped and left for dead. Doniphon finds him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2534947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\",\n \"text\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance () is a 1962 American Western film directed by John Ford starring James Stewart and John Wayne. The black-and-white film was released by Paramount Pictures. The screenplay by James Warner Bellah and Willis Goldbeck was adapted from a short story written by Dorothy M. Johnson. The supporting cast features Vera Miles, Lee Marvin, Edmond O'Brien, Andy Devine, John Carradine, Woody Strode, Strother Martin, and Lee Van Cleef. In 2007, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2534946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\",\n \"text\": \"Valance, and by founding a school to teach reading and writing to illiterate townspeople – including Hallie. Hallie discovers Stoddard is practicing with a gun, and fretfully tells Doniphon, which raises his suspicions about their relationship. When Doniphon notices that Stoddard is trying to teach himself to use a revolver, he offers the inexperienced Stoddard a lesson in marksmanship. During target practice, Doniphon effortlessly shoots three paint cans; the final one showers Stoddard with white paint, ruining his suit. Tom explains that this is the sort of trickery that he can expect from Valance. Infuriated, Stoddard punches him in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2534949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat module\",\n \"text\": \"If \\\"A\\\" and \\\"B\\\" are flat, \\\"C\\\" need not be flat in general. However, it can be shown that A flat resolution of a module \\\"M\\\" is a resolution of the form where the \\\"F\\\" are all flat modules. Any free or projective resolution is necessarily a flat resolution. Flat resolutions can be used to compute the Tor functor. The \\\"length\\\" of a finite flat resolution is the first subscript \\\"n\\\" such that \\\"F\\\" is nonzero and \\\"F\\\" = 0 for \\\"i\\\" greater than \\\"n\\\". If a module \\\"M\\\" admits a finite flat resolution, the minimal length among all finite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2714695\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\",\n \"text\": \"On the train back to Washington, Stoddard informs Hallie, to her delight, that he wants to retire from politics and practice law in Shinbone. When he tells the train conductor that he will write to railroad officials, thanking them for their many courtesies, the conductor replies, \\\"Nothing's too good for the man who shot Liberty Valance!\\\" In contrast to prior John Ford Westerns, such as \\\"The Searchers\\\" and \\\"She Wore a Yellow Ribbon\\\", \\\"Liberty Valance\\\" was shot in Black-and-white on Paramount's sound stages. Multiple stories and speculations exist to explain this decision. Ford claimed to prefer that medium over color:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2534954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What We're All About\",\n \"text\": \"What We're All About \\\"What We're All About\\\" is a song recorded by Sum 41. It was released in April 2002 as a single for the soundtrack to the film \\\"Spider-Man\\\". This is a reworked version of \\\"Dave's Possessed Hair/It's What We're all About\\\" from the band's first EP, \\\"Half Hour of Power\\\". Part of the first verse is rapped in an a cappella version in the beginning of the \\\"Fat Lip\\\" music video. Similar to \\\"Fat Lip\\\", vocal duties in \\\"What We're All About\\\" are split evenly between rhythm guitarist Deryck Whibley, drummer Stevo Jocz, and lead guitarist Dave\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7227647\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of plant oils\",\n \"text\": \"means of extracting essential oils. In this process, used, for example, to extract the onion, garlic, wintergreen and bitter almond essential oil, the plant material is macerated in warm water to release the volatile compounds in the plant. Types of plant oils Plant oils or vegetable oils are oils derived from plant sources, as opposed to animal fats or petroleum. There are three primary types of plant oil, differing both the means of extracting the relevant parts of the plant, and in the nature of the resulting oil: Vegetable fats and oils are what are most commonly called vegetable oils.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8030018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stay What You Are\",\n \"text\": \"Your Funeral\\\" at number seven of their 10 Best Emo Music Videos list. Tim Landers of Transit and Brandon McMaster of The Crimson Armada featured the album on their Five Albums That Changed My Life lists. Saves the Day played the album in full at FYF Fest in August 2016. All songs written by Bryan Newman, Chris Conley, David Soloway, Eben D'Amico and Ted Alexander. Personnel per sleeve. Saves the Day Additional musician Production Citations Sources Stay What You Are Stay What You Are is the third studio album from American rock band Saves the Day, released in 2001. While\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5119311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of membership of Opus Dei\",\n \"text\": \"for the contributions that they may have made to Opus Dei during their time in the organisation, this applies to all categories of membership. When, however, someone leaves the prelature unlawfully (i.e. without the permission of the Prelate) he or she commits mortal sin. Nevertheless, the Congregation for Bishops states: \\\"The laity incorporated in the Prelature Opus Dei continue to be faithful of the dioceses in which they have their domicile or quasidomicile and are, therefore, under the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishop in what the law lays down for all the ordinary faithful\\\". Types of membership of Opus Dei\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9240193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat design\",\n \"text\": \"Experience, LG UX, and Huawei EMUI. Flat design has been criticized for making user interfaces unintiuitive and less usable. By making all design elements (menus, buttons, links, etc.) flat, distinguishing what function an element serves may become more difficult, for example, determining whether an element is a button or an indicator. Research has shown that flat design is more popular with young adults than older adults. Research also showed that, while young people seem faster at navigating flat designs, they also have trouble with understanding the user interface. In 2013 Jakob Nielsen, an expert in user interface design and usability,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17704440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Are What You Eat\",\n \"text\": \"You Are What You Eat You Are What You Eat is a dieting programme aired in various forms between 2004 and 2007 on British broadcasting company Channel 4, and presented by Gillian McKeith. The fourth series was called \\\"You Are What You Eat: Gillian Moves In\\\". The show often uses shock tactics to get the participants to lose weight. In each episode, all food eaten in one week by the person(s) taking part is placed on a table to highlight problem areas of their diet. Another technique is the analysis of the participant's faeces by McKeith to detect certain problems\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7187558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tram types in Adelaide\",\n \"text\": \"ceased. Ironically, all the surviving H type trams were fitted with pantographs 50 years later in October 1986. The next major round of changes to the H types occurred in the 1950s, starting in c.1952 with a repainting of most of the fleet from the traditional Tuscan and Cream to a new Carnation Red and Silver livery with an Ashbury Green interior which had been completed by the end of the decade. The first H types to be withdrawn from service were also taken out of service during the time (352 in December 1957 and the first 380 in May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20287171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1952 film)\",\n \"text\": \"shaken town decides to banish all undesirables. They include gambler John Oakhurst, saloonkeeper and madam The Duchess and the town drunk, as well as Cal, who had been spotted with Ryker, even though no one knows they are husband and wife. The others follow Oakhurst, not knowing what else to do. They come across young Tom Dakin and pregnant sweetheart Piney, who were headed for Poker Flat to be wed. In a snowstorm, John leads them to a remote cabin. They have no horses, so Tom takes off for Poker Flat on foot to get help, given $500 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18225921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Olympia Valance\",\n \"text\": \"three years and she made her screen debut as Paige on 2 June 2014. Valance's portrayal of Paige earned her nominations for Most Popular New Talent at the Logie Awards and Best Daytime Star at the Inside Soap Awards in 2015. She appeared in a documentary special celebrating the show's 30th anniversary titled \\\"Neighbours 30th: The Stars Reunite\\\", which aired in Australia and the United Kingdom in March 2015. In December 2014, Valance became the new face and body of UK lingerie brand Gossard. Of her role, she said \\\"The last year has been a whirlwind and to work with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18867453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Window valance\",\n \"text\": \"like a valance, only the fabric has been stiffened and shaped and then embellished with a variety of decorative edgings, including trims, tassels or color bands. Fabric gathered into a shape of a flower. Typically placed at the top right and left corners of a window frame to accent an existing treatment, such as a scarf or drapery panel. A single, lengthy piece of lightweight fabric with a color/pattern that shows on both sides (as opposed to simply being imprinted on one side) that either wraps loosely around a stationary rod, or loops through decorative brackets placed on either side\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10188919\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Holly Valance\",\n \"text\": \"an English language rewrite of the Turkish singer Tarkan's \\\"Şımarık\\\" (composed by the Turkish \\\"diva\\\" Sezen Aksu), released in 2002. The song entered both the Australian Recording Industry Association and UK Singles Charts charts at No. 1 in April/May 2002. The song had some success in Europe, going top ten in seventeen countries, and became a surprise Number One in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The director's cut version of the music video was notable in that Valance appeared to be dancing naked. She revealed that she was topless but also wearing flesh-coloured underwear. The footage was digitally retouched adding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1348161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types\",\n \"text\": \"with moulded europlugs. Similar converters are available for a variety of other plug types. Unlike a temporary travel adaptor, conversion plugs, when closed, resemble normal plugs, although larger and squarer. The non-BS 1363 plug is inserted into the contacts, and the hinged body of the conversion plug is closed and fixed shut to grip the plug. There must be an accessible fuse. Conversion plugs may be non-reusable (permanently closed) or reusable, in which case it must be impossible to open the conversion plug without using a tool. The Plugs and Sockets, etc. (Safety) Regulations 1994 permit domestic appliances fitted with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17771891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of motorcycles\",\n \"text\": \"moped ridership saw a resurgence. Sales of motorcycles and scooters declined 43.2% in 2009, and continued to decrease in the first quarter of 2010, with scooter sales doing worst, down 13.3% compared to a 4.6% drop for all two-wheelers. Other types of small motorcycles include the monkey bike, Welbike, and minibike. There are various types of off-road motorcycles, also known as dirt bikes, specially designed for off-road events. The term off-road refers to driving surfaces that are not conventionally paved. These are rough surfaces, often created naturally, such as sand, gravel, a river, mud or snow. These types of terrain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5905142\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Are What You Is\",\n \"text\": \"from side three of the LP, as well as the reprise from the beginning of side four. Album - \\\"Billboard\\\" (United States) You Are What You Is You Are What You Is is a double album by American musician Frank Zappa. It was originally released as a double album in 1981 and later by Rykodisc as a 20-song CD. After the release of \\\"Joe's Garage\\\", Frank Zappa set up his home studio, the Utility Muffin Research Kitchen, and planned to release a triple LP live album called \\\"Warts and All\\\". As \\\"Warts and All\\\" reached completion, Zappa found the project\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12945396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of volcanic eruptions\",\n \"text\": \"Types of volcanic eruptions Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and volcanic blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of types all in one eruptive series. There are three different types of eruptions. The most well-observed are magmatic eruptions, which involve the decompression of gas within magma that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9515289\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flat tax\",\n \"text\": \"Flat tax A flat tax (short for flat tax rate) is a tax system with a constant marginal rate, usually applied to individual or corporate income. A true flat tax would be a proportional tax, but implementations are often progressive and sometimes regressive depending on deductions and exemptions in the tax base. There are various tax systems that are labeled \\\"flat tax\\\" even though they are significantly different. Flat tax proposals differ in how the subject of the tax is defined. A true flat rate tax is a system of taxation where one tax rate is applied to all personal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"568264\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Types of Karma (Jainism)\",\n \"text\": \"sensations (vedanīya). In other therms these non-harming karmas are: \\\"nāma\\\" (body determining karma), \\\"āyu\\\" (life span determining karma), \\\"gotra\\\" (status determining karma) and \\\"vedanīya\\\" (feeling producing karma) respectively. Different types of karmas thus affect the soul in different ways as per their nature. Each of these types has various sub-types. \\\"Tattvārthasūtra\\\" generally speaks of 148 sub-types of karmas in all. These are: 5 of \\\"jñānavaraṇa\\\", 9 of \\\"darśanavaraṇa\\\", 2 of \\\"vedanīya\\\", 28 of \\\"mohanīya\\\" 4 of \\\"āyuṣka\\\", 93 of \\\"nāma\\\", 2 of \\\"gotra\\\", and 5 of \\\"antarāya\\\". \\\"Ghātiyā karmas\\\" (harming karmas) directly affect the attributes of the soul. These are:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13634934\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore)\",\n \"text\": \"mind. It is a gift to the city and all who visit.\\\" \\\"Are Years What?\\\" is considered by some to be di Suvero's \\\"breakthrough work.\\\" Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) is a sculpture by American artist Mark di Suvero. It is in the collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, in Washington, D.C., United States. The sculpture is named after poet Marianne Moore's \\\"What Are Years\\\". From May 22, 2013 through May 26, 2014, the sculpture resided temporarily in San Francisco, as part of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art's Mark\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15290116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Are You Thinking What I'm Thinking?\",\n \"text\": \"Are You Thinking What I'm Thinking? Are You Thinking What I'm Thinking? is the debut album by rock band The Like, released by Geffen in 2005 in the United States and 2006 in selected international markets including the United Kingdom. It features the singles \\\"What I Say and What I Mean\\\" and \\\"June Gloom\\\". In some markets the music video for \\\"What I Say and What I Mean\\\" is included on the album, and in others a cover of Split Enz's \\\"One Step Ahead\\\" (1981) is included as a bonus track. All tracks written by Z Berg unless otherwise noted.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6993056\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["sheets"],"string":"[\n \"sheets\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78279,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the name for money paid out to shareholders of a company out of the corporate profits, based on the number of owned shares?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits","text":"the overall U.S. tax on corporate profits of 35% is less than or similar to that of European countries such as Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, which have lower corporate tax rates but higher taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. Many large multinational companies retain untaxed profits in tax haven jurisdictions which offer no or very low corporate taxes, as well as other tax benefits. Large U.S. multinational companies which are known to have significant untaxed profits include: Companies of the United States with untaxed profits Companies of the United States with untaxed profits deals with those U.S.","psg_id":"18586145"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits\",\n \"text\": \"the overall U.S. tax on corporate profits of 35% is less than or similar to that of European countries such as Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, which have lower corporate tax rates but higher taxes on dividends paid to shareholders. Many large multinational companies retain untaxed profits in tax haven jurisdictions which offer no or very low corporate taxes, as well as other tax benefits. Large U.S. multinational companies which are known to have significant untaxed profits include: Companies of the United States with untaxed profits Companies of the United States with untaxed profits deals with those U.S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18586145\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Financial history of the Dutch Republic","text":"of paid-in capital by partners. As this had been a right of shareholders in other such partnerships it necessitated a feasible alternative for the direct liquidation of the interest of shareholders in the company. The solution was to enable shareholders that wished to get out to sell their share on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange that had just got a new building, but otherwise was just the continuation of the commodity exchange that existed beforehand. It is important to recognize that shares were still registered by name in the VOC's register, and that transfer of shares was effected by an entry","psg_id":"11929701"},{"title":"Squeeze-out","text":"a cash payment for their shares, effectively \"freezing them out\" of the resulting company. Although a LBO is an effective tool for a group of investors to use to purchase a company, it is less well suited to the case of one company acquiring another. An alternative is the freeze-out merger; the Laws on tender offers allow the acquiring company to freeze existing shareholders out of the gains from merging by forcing non-tendering shareholders to sell their shares for the tender offer price. To complete freeze-out merger, the acquiring company first creates a new corporation, which it owns and controls.","psg_id":"7775699"},{"title":"Out of the Blue Enterprises","text":"The Fred Rogers Company, and 9 Story Media Group, also produces a spin-off of \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\", entitled \"Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood\", which debuted on PBS Kids affiliates on September 3, 2012. It also produces \"Wishenpoof!\" with DHX Media and Amazon Studios for Amazon Video, and \"Creative Galaxy\" with 9 Story Media Group and Amazon Studios for Amazon Video. On January 12, 2018, 9 Story Media Group acquired Out of the Blue Enterprises. It is now a wholly owned subsidiary Out of the Blue Enterprises 9 Story USA (formerly Out of the Blue Enterprises) is an American children's television company based","psg_id":"11716541"},{"title":"Squeeze-out","text":"with that subsidiary, and to pay off in cash the minority shareholders. The consent of the minority shareholders is not required. They are merely entitled to receive fair value for their shares. This is in contrast to freeze-outs, where the minority interest is unable to liquidate their investment. Squeeze-out A squeeze-out or squeezeout, sometimes synonymous with freeze-out (\"freezeout\"), is the compulsory sale of the shares of minority shareholders of a joint-stock company for which they receive a fair cash compensation. This technique allows one or more shareholders who collectively hold a majority of shares in a corporation to gain ownership","psg_id":"7775708"},{"title":"The Money Store (company)","text":"chief financial officer of original The Money Store, is the founder and chairman of the new incarnation. The Money Store (company) The Money Store is a U.S. residential mortgage lending brand owned by MLD Mortgage Inc., a consumer finance company that is based in Florham Park, New Jersey with offices nationwide. \"Further information:\" Marc Turtletaub In 1967, the company was founded as Modern Acceptance Corp and it became The Money Store in 1973. The company was based in Union, New Jersey; but after a major revamping and consolidation effort, most of its corporate employees transferred to the newly-built headquarters at","psg_id":"14563520"},{"title":"Squeeze-out","text":"Squeeze-out A squeeze-out or squeezeout, sometimes synonymous with freeze-out (\"freezeout\"), is the compulsory sale of the shares of minority shareholders of a joint-stock company for which they receive a fair cash compensation. This technique allows one or more shareholders who collectively hold a majority of shares in a corporation to gain ownership of remaining shares in that corporation. The majority shareholders incorporate a second corporation, which initiates a merger with the original corporation. The shareholders using this technique are then in a position to dictate the plan of merger. They force the minority stockholders in the original corporation to accept","psg_id":"7775698"},{"title":"The Money Store (company)","text":"The Money Store (company) The Money Store is a U.S. residential mortgage lending brand owned by MLD Mortgage Inc., a consumer finance company that is based in Florham Park, New Jersey with offices nationwide. \"Further information:\" Marc Turtletaub In 1967, the company was founded as Modern Acceptance Corp and it became The Money Store in 1973. The company was based in Union, New Jersey; but after a major revamping and consolidation effort, most of its corporate employees transferred to the newly-built headquarters at The Ziggurat building in West Sacramento, California between 1996 and 1997. It specialized in home equity loans","psg_id":"14563517"},{"title":"Private company limited by shares","text":"Private company limited by shares A private company limited by shares is a class of private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Scotland, certain Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland. It has shareholders with limited liability and its shares may not be offered to the general public, unlike those of a public limited company (plc). \"Limited by shares\" means that the liability of the shareholders to creditors of the company is limited to the capital originally invested, i.e. the nominal value of the shares and any premium paid in return for the issue of the","psg_id":"15337529"},{"title":"Private company limited by shares","text":"Private company limited by shares A private company limited by shares is a class of private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Scotland, certain Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland. It has shareholders with limited liability and its shares may not be offered to the general public, unlike those of a public limited company (plc). \"Limited by shares\" means that the liability of the shareholders to creditors of the company is limited to the capital originally invested, i.e. the nominal value of the shares and any premium paid in return for the issue of the","psg_id":"15337516"},{"title":"Come Out of the Pantry","text":"Come Out of the Pantry Come Out of the Pantry is a 1935 British musical film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Jack Buchanan, Fay Wray, James Carew and Fred Emney. It is based on a 1934 novel of the same name by Alice Duer Miller, and features musical numbers by Al Hoffman, Al Goodhart and Maurice Sigler. A British aristocrat, Lord Robert Brent, travels to New York City to sell some paintings. He deposits the money from the sale in a bank, but when the bank collapses, he finds himself stranded in America with no money and lots of","psg_id":"14536517"},{"title":"Out of the Closet","text":"Out of the Closet Out of the Closet is a nonprofit chain of thrift stores whose revenues provide medical care for patients with HIV/AIDS. The chain is owned and operated by the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), a Los Angeles-based charity that provides medical, preventative, and educational resources for patients. AHF is the nation's largest non-profit HIV/AIDS healthcare, research, prevention, and education provider. Out of the Closet thrift stores generate income to help fund the medical services AHF provides for those patients who are unable to pay. Proceeds from Out of the Closet Thrift Stores directly benefit AHF. Out Of The","psg_id":"13190912"},{"title":"Out of the Blue Enterprises","text":"Out of the Blue Enterprises 9 Story USA (formerly Out of the Blue Enterprises) is an American children's television company based in New York City, founded by the co-creator of the Nickelodeon pre-school animated/live action series \"Blue's Clues\" (hence the company's name) Angela C. Santomero and fellow ex-Nick executive Samantha Freeman Alpert. The company serves as the producers (with DHX Media's Decode Entertainment unit) of the CGI-animated children's television show \"Super Why!\" that airs on most PBS stations and on CBC Kids in Canada and \"Blue's Room\" which formerly aired on Nick Jr. Out of the Blue, along with WQED,","psg_id":"11716540"},{"title":"Out of the Closet","text":"Southern California, four locations in the San Francisco Bay Area, and four locations in South Florida (two in Miami and two in Fort Lauderdale). The 'Out of the Closet' name has been federally trademarked by AHF since 1997. In addition to regular thrift store operations, several stores also offer additional services, including free rapid STD and HIV testing on a walk-in basis, along with counseling in a separate location of the store. Out of the Closet Out of the Closet is a nonprofit chain of thrift stores whose revenues provide medical care for patients with HIV/AIDS. The chain is owned","psg_id":"13190914"},{"title":"Issued shares","text":"not change, in relation to the issuing corporation after that time. Shares are most commonly issued fully paid, in which case the liability of the shareholders is limited to the amount paid on the shares; but they may also be issued partly paid, with unlimited liability, subject to guarantee, or some other form. Issued shares Issued shares is a term of law and finance for the number of shares of a corporation which have been allocated (allotted) and are subsequently held by shareholders. The act of creating new issued shares is called \"issuance\", \"allocation\" or \"allotment\". Allotment is simply the","psg_id":"9642520"},{"title":"Shareholders in the United Kingdom","text":"vote can call meetings, and can circulate suggestions for resolutions with support of 5 per cent of the total vote, or any one hundred other shareholders holding over £100 in shares each. Shareholder have say on pay of directors under CA 2006 section 439. For the time being, this is non-binding. Categories of important decisions, such as large asset sales, approval of mergers, takeovers, winding up of the company, any expenditure on political donations, and share buybacks. Other transactions where directors have a conflict of interest that require binding approval of shareholders are ratification of corporate opportunities, large self dealing","psg_id":"15638659"},{"title":"Squeeze-out","text":"criticized the present rules with regard to freeze-out mergers as being biased against the interests of the minority shareholders. For example, if a gain in stock value is anticipated by the majority, they can deprive the frozen-out minority of its share of those gains. In Germany, a pool of shareholders owning at least 95% of a company's shares has the right to \"squeeze out\" the remaining minority of shareholders by paying them an adequate compensation. This procedure is based on the \"Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act\" (ger.'Wertpapiererwerbs- und Übernahmegesetz\", WpÜG). An alternative procedure is governed by §§ 327a – 327f","psg_id":"7775703"},{"title":"United Kingdom company law","text":"is express authority in the constitution of a public company, and the re-purchase can only be made from distributable profits. Second, since 1980 shares can simply be bought back from shareholders if, again this is done out of distributable profits. Crucially, the directors must also state that the company will be able to pay all its debts and continue for the next year, and shareholders must approve this by special resolution. Under the Listing Rules for public companies, shareholders must generally be given the same buy back offer, and get shares bought back pro rata. How many shares are retained","psg_id":"11414033"},{"title":"Corporate spin-off","text":"Corporate spin-off A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, or starburst, is a type of corporate action where a company \"splits off\" a section as a separate business. Spin-offs are divisions of companies or organizations that then become independent businesses with assets, employees, intellectual property, technology, or existing products that are taken from the parent company. Shareholders of the parent company receive equivalent shares in the new company in order to compensate for the loss of equity in the original stocks. However, shareholders may then buy and sell stocks from either company independently; this potentially makes investment in the","psg_id":"6331124"},{"title":"Piercing the corporate veil","text":"in which the owner could be held responsible for all the debts of the company, a corporation traditionally limited the personal liability of the shareholders. Piercing the corporate veil typically is most effective with smaller privately held business entities (close corporations) in which the corporation has a small number of shareholders, limited assets, and recognition of separateness of the corporation from its shareholders would promote fraud or an inequitable result. There is no record of a successful piercing of the corporate veil for a publicly traded corporation because of the large number of shareholders and the extensive mandatory filings entailed","psg_id":"4646635"},{"title":"The Money Store (company)","text":"of First Union's bad home equity loans into The Money Store's home equity division and took it off its company books two years later, at a loss of $1.7 billion. First Union then transferred the remaining divisions to its subsidiary Wachovia along with 13 billion in shares. However, the student loan division, Educaid, and the SBA loan division were retained by First Union. In 2006, Wachovia (formerly First Union) sold The Money Store name to MLD Mortgage, Inc. There's no direct connection to the old West Sacramento-based company, but a veteran executive of the old company operates it. Morton Dear,","psg_id":"14563519"},{"title":"Out of the Furnace","text":"Rodney becomes so indebted due to his own gambling losses that he begs Petty to let him do a big money fight. After Petty reluctantly arranges for Rodney to do a fight for a ruthless criminal gang in the backwoods, Rodney disappears, and his brother tries to find out what has happened to him. The film received a limited release in Los Angeles and New York City on December 4, 2013, followed by a wide theatrical release on December 6. The film earned $15.7 million against its $22 million budget and it received mixed reviews. After getting off work at","psg_id":"16441649"},{"title":"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits","text":"corporations are entitled to a foreign tax credit for taxes (if any) paid in foreign countries. Retaining such profits offshore may be regarded a tax strategy. Many corporations have accumulated substantial untaxed profits offshore, especially in countries with low corporate tax rates. In recent years it has been estimated that untaxed profits range from US$1.6 to $2.1 trillion. The \"Wall Street Journal\" noted that the \"[u]ntaxed foreign earnings are part of a contentious debate over U.S. fiscal policy and tax code.\" The profits earned abroad and retained there are subject to a foreign exchange risk, besides other financial risks. The","psg_id":"18586138"},{"title":"Out of the Black (song)","text":"set between them, they make some four-piece rock bands look inconsequential.\" \"DIY\" editor Stephen Ackroyd repeated what Kerr said about \"Out of the Black\", saying that it \"remains an incendiary calling card - a roaring, snarling Godzilla levelling sky scrapers at will.\" Partly adapted from \"Out of the Black\" liner notes. Out of the Black (song) \"Out of the Black\" is a song written by Mike Kerr and Ben Thatcher of British rock duo Royal Blood. The song was originally recorded by the duo for release as a single, appearing on the band's debut single of the same name, released","psg_id":"18136131"},{"title":"The Out-of-Towners (1999 film)","text":"The Out-of-Towners (1999 film) The Out-of-Towners is a 1999 American comedy film starring Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn. It is a remake of the 1970 film of the same name written by Neil Simon and starring Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis. Henry (Martin) and Nancy Clark (Hawn) are a couple living in a quiet Ohio town. Married for 27 years, their last child has left home and Nancy is suffering from empty nest syndrome. Unbeknownst to her, Henry has lost his job due to corporate downsizing and has an interview in New York. Nancy sneaks on the plane with him","psg_id":"7947132"},{"title":"Come Out of the Pantry","text":"bills. By chance, Robert meets the old family butler, Eccles, who is now working in New York for the wealthy Beach-Howard family. Eccles helps Roberts to take up employment as a footman in the Beach-Howard household. Robert becomes romantically involved with the young niece, Hilda Beach-Howard. She beings to suspect his true identity. Robert's elder brother arrives in New York to find out what has happened to his sibling. The bank that holds Robert's money reopens, and Robert proposes marriage to Hilda whilst serving dinner. She accepts his proposal. \"Come Out of the Pantry\" was the first British film to","psg_id":"14536518"},{"title":"Out of the Box Publishing","text":"Out of the Box Publishing Out of the Box Publishing was a Wisconsin-based publishing company specializing in family, card, and party games. As of October 2013, they had published over 45 titles. Out of the Box Publishing was best known for games that are easy to learn and quick to play. The company has received numerous awards including Mensa Select, Toy of the Year, Parenting for High Potential, and National Parenting Center. Out of the Box Publishing was established in 1998 in Madison, Wisconsin by Mark Osterhaus, Ellen Winter, Alan Waller, Cathleen Quinn-Kinney, and John Kovalic. The first game published","psg_id":"9654284"},{"title":"Out of the Valley","text":"Congratulations are due to both Gorka and to producer John Jennings.\" The songs are more upbeat than some of Gorka's earlier works and generally better suited to a more glossy production. Gorka's writing, however, remains strong. \"Sing Out!\" states that \"\"Out of the Valley\"... reveals a mature artist with a keen sense of observation with equal parts humor and compassion.\" \"The Valley\" in Gorka's title is a reference to Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley and as with Gorka's previous albums a number of songs feature stories and characters that are based on Gorka's experiences living in this area that surrounds Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.","psg_id":"5304899"},{"title":"Out of the Box Publishing","text":"Nearly all of the games in their catalog were created after 2008. The company received over 600 submissions a year and publishes about two new games per year. Out of the Box Games are distributed by: The artistic director and one of the founders of Out of the Box Publishing, John Kovalic, was also the illustrator for \"Munchkin\" and \"Dork Tower\". Out of the Box Publishing Out of the Box Publishing was a Wisconsin-based publishing company specializing in family, card, and party games. As of October 2013, they had published over 45 titles. Out of the Box Publishing was best","psg_id":"9654288"},{"title":"Out of the Blue (British band)","text":"Christie's auction house on 18 February 2002). In recent years, the group has visited Oxford-based charity, Helen & Douglas House, as well as donating some of its end-of-year profits. Helen & Douglas House is a hospice that provides respite care for children and young adults with life-limiting conditions, and support for their families. From 2005 to 2014, Helen & Douglas House hosted an annual fundraiser, \"Childish Things\", held in the New Theatre, Oxford. The ten iterations of \"Childish Things\" raised a total of nearly £600,000. Out of the Blue performed regularly at the event from 2007, alongside comedians such as","psg_id":"6556356"},{"title":"Out of the Way","text":"of the American Triple Crown, the $200,000 Preakness Stakes, run at a mile and three sixteenths on dirt at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Out of the Way was listed on the morning line as a long shot at 15-1 in a field of ten colts. The official Derby winner, Forward Pass, was the even money favorite at 1-1 with the disqualified Derby winner, Dancer's Image, slightly higher but also listed at even money at 1-1. Out of the Way broke ninth out of ten under jockey John L. Rotz. He lost ground around both turns by in the","psg_id":"17438658"},{"title":"The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law","text":"The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law is Widener University School of Law's corporate law review. The journal was established in 1976 and publishes three issues per annual volume. In addition to scholarly articles, the journal publishes opinions from the Delaware Court of Chancery that are not otherwise printed in a regional reporter. It ranks among the top specialized legal journals the United States based on the number of citations from federal and state courts. In 2008, the journal ranked 10th out of 411 specialized journals based on citations in state and federal court opinions","psg_id":"11623980"},{"title":"Squeeze-out","text":"all shares held by minor shareholders devolve to him. Under UK law, section 979 of the Companies Act 2006 is the relevant \"squeeze out\" provision. It gives a takeover bidder who has already acquired 90% of a company's shares the right to compulsorily buy out the remaining shareholders. Conversely section 983 (the \"sell out\" provision) allows minority shareholders to insist their stakes are bought out. (see Companies Act 2006) In the US squeeze-outs are governed by State laws, e.g. 8 Delaware Code § 253 permits a parent corporation owning at least 90% of the stock of a subsidiary to merge","psg_id":"7775707"},{"title":"Out of the Shelter","text":"has been married and divorced. Timothy reflects on how lucky he is to have a good career and a loving family when things have not gone so well for others. The most autobiographical of Lodge's novels, it reflects the author's own rite of passage in Heidelberg visiting a young aunt, though he points out a number of differences between his visit and what happened in the novel. The naive tone of the narration, especially that of Timothy's early childhood, alters as he matures. In the afterword to the 1984 edition, Lodge explains the novel's origins, as well as the serious","psg_id":"6982233"},{"title":"Joint-stock company","text":"Joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. In modern-day corporate law, the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation (possession of legal personality separate from shareholders) and limited liability (shareholders are liable for the company's debts only to the value of the money they have invested in the","psg_id":"2278840"},{"title":"Out of the Furnace","text":"Tomatoes, the film has an average approval rating of 53% based on 182 reviews and an average rating of 5.9/10. The general consensus for the site says: \"While it may not make the most of its incredible cast, \"Out of the Furnace\" is still so packed with talent that it's hard to turn away.\" The film holds a score of 63 (indicating \"generally favorable reviews\") out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 40 critics. Despite its mixed critical reception, \"Out of the Furnace\" appeared on several critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2013. Town officials from Mahwah,","psg_id":"16441663"},{"title":"Come Out of the Pantry","text":"humour \"would be quite meaningless to any but an English audience\". \"TV Guide\" called it an \"entertaining musical.\" The film includes the following songs: A version of \"Everything Stops for Tea\" was later recorded by blues singer John Baldry on his 1972 album \"Everything Stops for Tea\", produced by Elton John and Rod Stewart. Come Out of the Pantry Come Out of the Pantry is a 1935 British musical film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Jack Buchanan, Fay Wray, James Carew and Fred Emney. It is based on a 1934 novel of the same name by Alice Duer Miller,","psg_id":"14536521"},{"title":"Corporate tax","text":"reorganizations that may be tax free include mergers, amalgamations, liquidations of subsidiaries, share for share exchanges, exchanges of shares for assets, changes in form or place of organization, and recapitalizations. Most jurisdictions allow a tax deduction for interest expense incurred by a corporation in carrying out its trading activities. Where such interest is paid to related parties, such deduction may be limited. Without such limitation, owners could structure financing of the corporation in a manner that would provide for a tax deduction for much of the profits, potentially without changing the tax on shareholders. For example, assume a corporation earns","psg_id":"3616343"},{"title":"Corporate-owned life insurance","text":"certain premiums for life insurance were leveraged and deducted, in essence creating a transaction with highest possible tax benefits. Even today, when a COLI plan's death benefits are paid to an employees family directly, the company paying the premiums can deduct them from corporate profits and earnings legally. In 2006, the U.S. Congress and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) set some guidelines and limits on the installation and administration of COLI and BOLI. Today, COLI is most common for senior executives of a firm, but its use for general employees is still sometimes practiced, primarily as a real economic transaction","psg_id":"2187090"},{"title":"Pathways out of Poverty","text":"is free to choose and make partnerships with any organization, including public, private, and not-for-profit. Some examples of partners include community colleges, technical schools, faith-based organizations, community-based organizations, and trade groups. The Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration announced the 38 national and local organizations that would be receiving grants on January 13, 2010. The grantees for Pathways Out of Poverty (POP) consist of two types: (1) national non-profits that are connected with local organizations; and (2) local public organizations and private non-profits. There are eight national grantees: There are thirty local grantees: Pathways out of Poverty (POP) grantees","psg_id":"15116855"},{"title":"Tendency of the rate of profit to fall","text":"deflation—lower prices, lower profits—would be followed by worldwide revolution. Instead, capitalism has become vastly more profitable”. The McKinsey Global Institute claims that the three decades from 1985 to 2014 were the golden years for profits from stocks and bonds, but forecasts that average profitability will be lower in the future. In May 2018, a WSJ analyst concluded that if taxcut effects are removed from the figures, real US corporate profits were not growing anymore, notwithstanding a surge in profits on S&P listed shares. Another WSJ analyst commented, at the same date, that \"With the profits data, it could take several","psg_id":"6714597"},{"title":"Yorkshire Engine Company","text":"of the company. By 1880, the company was in serious financial difficulties. The Russian debts were never paid, and a dubious method was used to write off the loss made on the marine engines. Despite a successful call to shareholders for more money, the company chose voluntary liquidation as the best option in July 1880. Liquidators ran the business for three and a half years, during which time turnover increased and profits of £9,419 were made. In September 1883, the second Yorkshire Engine Company was launched, by issuing 2,400 shares valued at £25, giving a capital of £60,000. Few locomotive","psg_id":"6085213"},{"title":"Piercing the corporate veil","text":"in qualifying for listing on an exchange. German corporate law developed a number of theories in the early 1920s for lifting the corporate veil on the basis of \"domination\" by a parent company over a subsidiary. Today, shareholders can be held liable in the case of an interference destroying the corporation. The corporation is entitled to a minimum of equitable funds. If these are taken away by the shareholder the corporation may claim compensation, even in an insolvency proceeding. The corporate veil in UK company law is pierced very rarely. After a series of attempts by the Court of Appeal","psg_id":"4646636"},{"title":"Financial history of the Dutch Republic","text":"called the first joint-stock company, but this is only true in a loose sense, because its organization only resembled an English joint-stock company, but was not exactly the same. Like other Dutch merchant ventures, the VOC started out in 1602 as a \"partenrederij\", a type of business organization that had by then already a long history in the Netherlands. As in the joint-stock company the investors in a \"rederij\" owned shares in the physical stock of the venture. They bore a part of the risk of the venture in exchange for a claim on the profits from the venture. A","psg_id":"11929699"},{"title":"The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave","text":"Italian lire on its domestic release. Curti described its profits in Italy as a \"reasonable success\". It was released theatrically in the United States on 26 July 1972 as \"The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave\". When shown theatrically in the United States, it was distributed with such gimmicks as theaters serving \"bloodcorn\", popcorn that had been dyed red. Several versions of the film circulated which were often cut and re-edited, such as the television version titled \"Evelyn Raises the Dead\". The film was first released on Blu-ray disc by Australian distribution company Gryphon Entertainment on 20 June 2013.","psg_id":"15470776"},{"title":"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits","text":"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits Companies of the United States with untaxed profits deals with those U.S. companies whose offshore subsidiaries earn profits which are retained in foreign countries to defer paying U.S. corporate tax. The profits of United States corporations are subject to a federal corporate tax rate of 21%. In principle, the tax is payable on all profits of corporations, whether earned domestically or abroad. However, overseas subsidiaries of U.S. corporations are entitled to a tax deferral of profits on active income until repatriated to the U.S., and are regarded as untaxed. When repatriated, the","psg_id":"18586137"},{"title":"Out of the Blue (1947 film)","text":"Out of the Blue (1947 film) Out of the Blue is a 1947 comedy film based on the short story by Vera Caspary who also co-wrote the screenplay. It stars George Brent, Virginia Mayo, Turhan Bey, Ann Dvorak and Carole Landis. It was directed by Leigh Jason. Arthur Earthleigh (George Brent) lives in an apartment in Greenwich Village where he is dominated by his wife Mae (Carole Landis) and annoyed by Rabelais, the German Shepherd owned by his neighbour, artist and swinging bachelor David (Turhan Bey). David has a constant parade of attractive women visiting his apartment to pose for","psg_id":"13868773"},{"title":"The Profits of Religion","text":"The Profits of Religion The Profits of Religion: An Essay in Economic Interpretation is a nonfiction book, first published in 1917, by the American novelist and muck-raking journalist Upton Sinclair. It is a snapshot of the religious movements in the U.S. before its entry into World War I. The book is the first of the “Dead Hand” series: six books Sinclair wrote on American institutions. The series also includes \"The Brass Check\" (journalism), \"The Goose-step\" (higher education), \"The Goslings\" (elementary and high school education), \"Mammonart\" (art) and \"Money Writes!\" (literature). The term “Dead Hand” ironically refers to Adam Smith’s concept","psg_id":"10181436"},{"title":"Mullens v Federal Commissioner of Taxation","text":"shareholders created trusts under which they took up their Vamgas rights and paid for their new shares with money provided by Mullens. The shares were in the names of those various Vam shareholders, but as trustees, with Mullens (or associates) the beneficial owners. Mullens granted those shareholders options allowing them to buy the Vamgas shares, if they wished, for the issue price (i.e. what Mullens had paid), any time until 15 May 1969 (that being a few months after the issue). The benefits of this scheme were, In effect the Vam shareholders had swapped their potential tax deductions for a","psg_id":"7475077"},{"title":"Out of the Ordinary","text":"pieces then it is that we are all capable of misplaced zeal and irrationality—and that the gaps between the socially awkward and the sociopath are not as wide as we might think.\" Ronson's prose in \"Out of the Ordinary\" is characterized by self-mockery, what the \"Times\" calls his \"charming buffoonery\": he writes about having a panic attack when dressed up as Santa for his son. Parents, he says, \"are like amateur bomb-disposal officers, forever cutting the wrong wires\". A companion volume to \"Out of the Ordinary\", called \"What I Do: More Tales of Everyday Craziness\", was published in November 2007.","psg_id":"15593874"},{"title":"Out of the Blue (British band)","text":"is not what most people expect to see, which I think is why it's so popular…. “We couldn’t believe we were tweeted by Shakira. On the Facebook post she signed it off personally so we knew she had actually watched the video, which is amazing. We’ve recorded the song for charity and all the proceeds go to the hospice Helen and Douglas House, so the most exposure it gets, the better.” On 22 August 2014, Out of the Blue released another charity single - \"Rather Be\" by Clean Bandit to raise money for Global Dream, a non-profit initiative that aims","psg_id":"6556360"},{"title":"Out of the Furnace","text":"Out of the Furnace Out of the Furnace is a 2013 American drama film, directed by Scott Cooper, from a screenplay written by Cooper and Brad Ingelsby. Produced by Ridley Scott and Leonardo DiCaprio, the film stars Christian Bale, Casey Affleck, Woody Harrelson, Zoe Saldana, Forest Whitaker, Willem Dafoe, and Sam Shepard. The film is about a Pennsylvania steel mill worker Russell Baze (Bale) and his Iraq war veteran brother Rodney (Affleck), who cannot adjust to civilian life. While Rodney makes some money doing bareknuckle fights for bar owner and small-time criminal John Petty (Dafoe), who runs illegal gambling operations,","psg_id":"16441648"},{"title":"Out of the Fog (1941 film)","text":"Out of the Fog (1941 film) Out of the Fog (working title: Danger Harbor) is a 1941 American film noir crime drama directed by Anatole Litvak, starring John Garfield, Ida Lupino and Thomas Mitchell. The film was based on the play \"Gentle People\" by Irwin Shaw. Two aging men, Goodwin and Johnson (Mitchell and Qualen), are fishermen in their spare time. They are trying to buy a new boat, but their Brooklyn pier is controlled by Goff, a gangster (Garfield), who extorts \"protection\" money of $5 a week from them. Goodwin's daughter (Lupino) falls in love with Goff, who learns","psg_id":"11436320"},{"title":"Come Out of the Kitchen","text":"Come Out of the Kitchen Come Out of the Kitchen is a lost 1919 American silent drama film produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by John S. Robertson and starred Marguerite Clark. The film is based on a Broadway play of the same name that starred Ruth Chatterton. Parts of the film was shot at Pass Christian, Mississippi. As described in a film magazine, Claudia Daingerfield (Clark) is the resourceful daughter of an old and invalid Southern aristocrat Mr. Daingerfield (Stevens). All that remains of his property is a fine old Virginian country house,","psg_id":"17641397"},{"title":"Into the Out Of","text":"a ritual which seals the breach between dimensions, sacrificing his own supernatural powers in the process. All three return to this world, where the shetani’s tricks have ended and the diplomatic crisis is receding, and Oak and Merry realise they have found what they have been looking for in each other. Into the Out Of Into the Out Of (1986) is a horror/science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster. The Maasai people become aware that a global crisis is approaching. Malevolent, unearthly creatures called \"shetani\", which inhabit another dimension the Maasai know as the “Out Of” (because all","psg_id":"11675647"},{"title":"History of Australian rules football on the Gold Coast","text":"the newly appointed Kangaroos chairman James Brayshaw announced the club would not be moving to the Gold Coast permanently and would continue to be based out of Melbourne. In January 2008, it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name \"Gold Coast Football Club Ltd\" with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). The registration was effective from 24 December 2007. The registration was of a public company limited by guarantees rather than by shares, the corporate personality common to 15 of 16 of the current AFL teams, the exception being the Fremantle Football Club. In March 2008, the","psg_id":"17102936"},{"title":"Bought out deal","text":"Bought out deal A bought out deal is a method of offering securities to the public through a sponsor or underwriter (a bank, financial institution, or an individual). The securities are listed in one or more stock exchanges within a time frame mutually agreed upon by the company and the sponsor. This option saves the issuing company the costs and time involved in a public issue. The cost of holding the shares can be reimbursed by the company, or the sponsor can offer the shares to the public at a premium to earn profits. Terms are agreed upon by the","psg_id":"15903038"},{"title":"Squeeze-out","text":"freeze-out tender offer has a significant advantage over an LBO because an acquiring corporation need not make an all-cash tender offer. Instead, it can use shares of its own stock to pay for the acquisition. In this case, the bidder offers to exchange each shareholder’s stock in the target for stock in the acquiring company. As long as the exchange rate is set so that the value in the acquirer’s stock exceeds the pre-merger market value of the target-company stock, the non-tendering shareholders will receive fair value for their shares and will have no legal recourse. The legal community has","psg_id":"7775702"},{"title":"Out of the Unknown","text":"Out of the Unknown Out of the Unknown is a British television science fiction anthology drama series, produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC2 in four series between 1965 and 1971. Each episode was a dramatisation of a science fiction short story. Some were written directly for the series, but most were adaptations of already-published stories. The first three years were exclusively science fiction, but that genre was abandoned in the final year in favour of horror/fantasy stories. A number of episodes were wiped during the early 1970s, as was standard procedure at the time. A large number of","psg_id":"971148"},{"title":"Out of the Clouds","text":"review is typical of modern critics' view of \"Out of the Clouds\": \"\"Work and play among commercial pilots; nothing special.\"\" In re-release, \"Out of the Clouds\" is the last disc in \"Ealing Classics 2009, Volume 1\". Out of the Clouds Out of the Clouds is a 1955 British drama film directed by Basil Dearden, and starring Anthony Steel, Robert Beatty and James Robertson Justice. An Ealing Studios production, the film is composed of small stories dealing with the passengers and crew on a day at London Airport (the name of Heathrow Airport 1946–1966). During a day at an airport in","psg_id":"12346223"},{"title":"Out of the Shadows (unfinished film)","text":"Out of the Shadows (unfinished film) Out of the Shadows was an unfinished 1931 feature film from A. R. Harwood. He made it after a number of years of working in distribution with the intention of producing Australia's first talking motion picture. The script was by J. Summers, \"a Victorian who has had experience in Hollywood.\" The movie was a \"society romance\" shot in Melbourne using a sound-on-disc recording system. During filming, Senator John Barnes, then leader of the Senate, paid a visit to the St Kilda Studio where it was being shot. Independent Films announced plans to make four","psg_id":"16414521"},{"title":"Windfall profits tax","text":"\"The Wall Street Journal\" wrote, \"What is a 'windfall' profit anyway? ... Take Exxon Mobil, which on Thursday reported the highest quarterly profit ever and is the main target of any 'windfall' tax surcharge. Yet if its profits are at record highs, its tax bills are already at record highs too... Exxon's profit margin stood at 10% for 2007... If that's what constitutes windfall profits, most of corporate America would qualify... 51 Senators voted to impose a 25% windfall tax on a U.S.-based oil company whose profits grew by more than 10% in a single year... This suggests that a","psg_id":"7166959"},{"title":"Bat Out of Hell The Musical","text":"I Want My Money Back\" can be heard at the beginning of the scene in Raven's bedroom between \"Who Needs the Young?\" and \"Out of the Frying Pan (And Into the Fire)\". Lines from \"Bad for Good\"'s title track are used frequently in dialogue spoken by Raven, with one line also being sung as part of Sloane's monologue towards the end of act two. \"Teenager In Love\" is the name of the monologue Strat recites immediately before he and Raven sing \"For Crying Out Loud\". Performed by Jim Steinman, a shorter version of this piece was first released as \"Shadows","psg_id":"20187560"},{"title":"The Movie Out Here","text":"a 6% increase in market share. The Movie Out Here The Movie Out Here is a Canadian buddy comedy film. Premiering at the 2012 Whistler Film Festival, it began a limited run at theatres in Western Canada on March 1, 2013. The film was produced by Alliance Films and funded by Kokanee, a British Columbia-based brewery owned by the Labatt Brewing Company. The concept for the film was conceived by the staff of Grip Limited, an advertising agency who had worked on various campaigns for Kokanee in the past, and served as the first foray into branded content for both","psg_id":"17119746"},{"title":"The Movie Out Here","text":"The Movie Out Here The Movie Out Here is a Canadian buddy comedy film. Premiering at the 2012 Whistler Film Festival, it began a limited run at theatres in Western Canada on March 1, 2013. The film was produced by Alliance Films and funded by Kokanee, a British Columbia-based brewery owned by the Labatt Brewing Company. The concept for the film was conceived by the staff of Grip Limited, an advertising agency who had worked on various campaigns for Kokanee in the past, and served as the first foray into branded content for both Grip and Labatt. Alongside traditional product","psg_id":"17119735"},{"title":"Out of the Way","text":"during his two-year-old season. In April 1968, the owner of Out of the Way, King Ranch, decided to run him in the mile and one eighth Wood Memorial Stakes at Aqueduct Racetrack. He finished fourth to the eventual Kentucky Derby Champion Dancer's Image, who later became the only winner of the Derby to be disqualified. Then in the Withers Stakes, Out of the Way again finished fourth, this time to Call Me Prince, his entry-mate owned by Mrs. Adele L. Rand, also trained by Max Hirsch. On May 18, 1968 Out of the Way was entered into the second jewel","psg_id":"17438657"},{"title":"Corporate law","text":"entitles them to enforce the provisions of the company's constitution against the company and against other members. A share is an item of property, and can be sold or transferred. Shares also normally have a nominal or par value, which is the limit of the shareholder's liability to contribute to the debts of the company on an insolvent liquidation. Shares usually confer a number of rights on the holder. These will normally include: Companies may issue different types of shares, called \"classes\" of shares, offering different rights to the shareholders depending on the underlying regulatory rules pertaining to corporate structures,","psg_id":"3881114"},{"title":"Out of the Woodwork (Buffy comic)","text":"Out of the Woodwork (Buffy comic) \"Out of the Woodwork\" is a comic book storyline based on the \"Buffy\" television series and published in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" #31-34 by Dark Horse Comics. It was later reprinted in a trade paperback collected edition. During one of Sunnydale's hottest summer, the town is suffering from a severe infestation of insects anyone. Strangely, some people are starting to transform into huge demonic insects. Buffy and company must stop this. A Sunnydale alleyway becomes the center of some weird happenings. Buffy and her friends try to find out. Meanwhile, Giles has a new","psg_id":"7192980"},{"title":"Bat Out of Hell The Musical","text":"Bat Out of Hell The Musical Bat Out of Hell is a rock musical written by Jim Steinman based on the album of the same name. Steinman wrote all of the songs, most of which are songs from the Bat Out of Hell trilogy of albums by Meat Loaf including \"Bat Out of Hell\", \"\" and \"\". The musical is a loose retelling of Peter Pan and Wendy, set in post-apocalyptic Manhattan (now named \"Obsidian\"), and follows Strat, the forever young leader of The Lost who has fallen in love with Raven, daughter of Falco, the tyrannical ruler of Obsidian.","psg_id":"20187521"},{"title":"It Crawled Out of the Woodwork","text":"It Crawled Out of the Woodwork \"It Crawled Out of the Woodwork\" is an episode of the original \"The Outer Limits\" television show. It first aired on 9 December 1963, during the first season. A cleaning lady attempts to vacuum up what appears to be a dust-bunny, but as soon as it is in the vacuum cleaner it explodes into a bizarre energy cloud. A security guard at the gates of NORCO, a southern California physics research center, is brusque when the Peters brothers drive up, even though Professor Stuart Peters has taken a job with the company, intending to","psg_id":"6748887"},{"title":"Out of the Vein","text":"name. \"Out of the Vein\" was originally scheduled to be released in the Spring of 2002, but was delayed several times. According to Jenkins, some of the reasons for the delay stemmed from a self-imposed pressure to live up to Third Eye Blind's previous successes, leading him to rewrite lyrics. By the time the album was released, Elektra Records was in the midst of being absorbed into Atlantic Records, and Jenkins contends the group was not a priority: \"Our record company ceased to exist the month the record was released,\" \"Elektra Records imploded. It was just letterhead.\" Jenkins felt that","psg_id":"4608017"},{"title":"Corporate tax in the Netherlands","text":"Corporate tax in the Netherlands Corporate tax in the Netherlands deals with the tax payable in the Netherlands on the profits earned by companies. In general, a Dutch company is subject to 25% corporate tax (\"vennootschapsbelasting\") on its worldwide profits. However, certain items of income are exempt from tax and certain costs are non-deductible. A Dutch company is subject to Dutch corporate tax on its worldwide profits, after taking into account tax deductible costs. The 2013 Dutch corporate tax rate was 20% of the taxable income up to and including €200,000, above which the rate is 25%. Certain items of","psg_id":"13244483"},{"title":"Shareholders in the United Kingdom","text":"actively engage in governance affairs by disclosing their voting policy, voting record and voting. The aim is to make directors more accountable, at least, to investors of capital. Shareholders in the United Kingdom Shareholders in the United Kingdom are people and organisations who buy shares in UK companies. In large companies, such as those on the FTSE100, shareholders are overwhelmingly large institutional investors, such as pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds or similar foreign organisations. UK shareholders have the most favourable set of rights in the world in their ability to control directors of corporations. UK company law gives shareholders","psg_id":"15638662"},{"title":"Bat Out of Hell The Musical","text":"On The Freeway\" in 1979, then as \"Nocturnal Pleasure\" in 1981 on the album \"Dead Ringer\". This full length version - titled \"Teenager In Love\" - was initially only the prologue to the music video for It's All Coming Back to Me Now by Pandora's Box (1989), but was later released as a standalone audio track on the digital-only special 19-track version of the album which includes promotional tracks and single edits. Bat Out of Hell The Musical Bat Out of Hell is a rock musical written by Jim Steinman based on the album of the same name. Steinman wrote","psg_id":"20187561"},{"title":"Out of the Furnace","text":"a North Braddock, Pennsylvania, steel mill, Russell Baze catches his brother Rodney at a horse racing simulcast, where Rodney had just bet on a losing horse. Rodney reveals John Petty loaned the money to him. Petty owns a bar and runs several illegal games. Russell visits Petty, pays off some of Rodney's debt, and promises to pay Petty the rest with his next paycheck if Rodney has not yet paid it off. Driving home intoxicated, Russell hits another car, killing its occupants, including a little boy. He is incarcerated for vehicular manslaughter. While in prison he is informed that his","psg_id":"16441650"},{"title":"Shareholders in the United Kingdom","text":"Shareholders in the United Kingdom Shareholders in the United Kingdom are people and organisations who buy shares in UK companies. In large companies, such as those on the FTSE100, shareholders are overwhelmingly large institutional investors, such as pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds or similar foreign organisations. UK shareholders have the most favourable set of rights in the world in their ability to control directors of corporations. UK company law gives shareholders the ability to, Shareholders also owe one another duties, and owe duties under the Stewardship Code to exercise their voting power. Shareholders provide an essential source of capital","psg_id":"15638656"},{"title":"Out of the Unknown","text":"case of \"Out of the Unknown\", this led to particular attention being paid to the scripts for “Second Childhood” (about reawakening of sexual desire when an elderly man undergoes a rejuvenation process) and “Satisfaction Guaranteed” (about a woman taking a robot as a lover). Series two was broadcast on Thursday nights at 9:30pm, beginning with the episode “The Machine Stops” on 6 October 1966. The new series was promoted in listings magazine \"Radio Times\" with a front cover of “The Machine Stops”’ star Yvonne Mitchell and an article previewing the upcoming episodes, written by Michael Imison. The two most notable","psg_id":"971162"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","psg_id":"9406939"},{"title":"Out of the Wasteland","text":"anthems and power ballads\" that \"indulge in middle-aged introspection\". Alex Lai for Contact Music describes the album as \"ultimately a welcome return for the band who provide a number of genuinely worthy songs to the Lifehouse legacy\". Michael Weaver, giving the album four stars for Jesus Freak Hideout, writes, \"\"Out of the Wasteland\" is a fine example of everything good about Lifehouse and anyone would be well-served to get this album today.\" Rating the album a nine out of ten for Cross Rhythms, Philip Laing writes, \"This is overall an impressive return to form by the mainstream stalwarts.\" PluggedIn's Adam","psg_id":"18660541"},{"title":"Paid in capital","text":"example, it could refer to the money that a company gets from potential investors, in addition to the stated (nominal or par) value of the stock, which coincides with the definition of additional paid-in capital, or paid-in capital in excess of par. One should be aware of the use of the term and the abbreviation, which can confuse. Paid-in Capital (a.k.a. Contributed Capital) = A + B : Excess received from shareholders over the par value (or stated value) of the stock issued; also called \"contributed capital in excess of par\". For example, if 1,000 shares of $10 par value","psg_id":"7073330"},{"title":"Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose","text":"Butcher Is King)\" is \"five Olympian minutes crying out for a full production at Glyndebourne.\" Guitarist Steve Vai describes it as \"very Gothic; almost terrifying.\" It is about the intense power over subordinates: \"Monstro\" is a bombastic orchestral piece layered with chorals that lead into the piano introduction to \"Alive.\" Meat Loaf decided to hire Desmond Child when he revealed that he had written \"Alive\" especially for the album. The song refers to how the singer has overcome difficult periods in his life. \"What About Love\", a piano-based duet with Patti Russo, is a sexually charged song that echoes \"Paradise","psg_id":"7874299"},{"title":"Out of the Game","text":"the United Kingdom, the album earned a midweek position of number two, equaling the initial success of Wainwright's 2007 album \"Release the Stars\" and surpassing the peak position of his previous studio album \"\" (2010). Overall, \"Out of the Game\" charted in 13 counties, including Top 10 positions in Denmark and the United Kingdom. Release history adapted from Wainwright's official site. Out of the Game Out of the Game is the seventh studio album by singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released in Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada in April 2012 and in the United States on May 1, 2012 through Decca","psg_id":"16123808"},{"title":"Out of Joint Theatre Company","text":"Out of Joint Theatre Company Out of Joint is a British and international touring theatre company based in London. It specialises in the commissioning and production of new writing, interspersed with occasional revivals and classic productions. It was founded in 1993 by director Max Stafford-Clark and producer Sonia Friedman. Stafford-Clark left the company in 2017 and its current Artistic Director is Kate Wasserberg, who joined the company in April 2017. Graham Cowley succeeded Friedman as producer in 1998. Upon his retirement in 2012 he was succeeded as producer by Panda Cox, who originally joined the company as Stafford-Clark's assistant. The","psg_id":"9765264"},{"title":"Out of the Park Developments","text":"Out of the Park Developments Out of the Park Developments GmbH & Co.KG is a German video game developer based in Hollern-Twielenfleth. Founded by Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht in 1999, the studio specialises in text sim-style sports games, and as produced notable franchises, such as \"Out of the Park Baseball\" and \"Franchise Hockey Manager\". Out of the Park Developments was founded in 1999, by current managing directors Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht. On 21 December 2016, Out of the Park Developments announced that they had received Metacritic's 2016 PC Game of the Year Award for \"Out of the Park","psg_id":"19947008"},{"title":"Out of the Park Developments","text":"Baseball 17\". Out of the Park Developments Out of the Park Developments GmbH & Co.KG is a German video game developer based in Hollern-Twielenfleth. Founded by Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht in 1999, the studio specialises in text sim-style sports games, and as produced notable franchises, such as \"Out of the Park Baseball\" and \"Franchise Hockey Manager\". Out of the Park Developments was founded in 1999, by current managing directors Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht. On 21 December 2016, Out of the Park Developments announced that they had received Metacritic's 2016 PC Game of the Year Award for \"Out of","psg_id":"19947009"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Financial history of the Dutch Republic\",\n \"text\": \"of paid-in capital by partners. As this had been a right of shareholders in other such partnerships it necessitated a feasible alternative for the direct liquidation of the interest of shareholders in the company. The solution was to enable shareholders that wished to get out to sell their share on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange that had just got a new building, but otherwise was just the continuation of the commodity exchange that existed beforehand. It is important to recognize that shares were still registered by name in the VOC's register, and that transfer of shares was effected by an entry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11929701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Squeeze-out\",\n \"text\": \"a cash payment for their shares, effectively \\\"freezing them out\\\" of the resulting company. Although a LBO is an effective tool for a group of investors to use to purchase a company, it is less well suited to the case of one company acquiring another. An alternative is the freeze-out merger; the Laws on tender offers allow the acquiring company to freeze existing shareholders out of the gains from merging by forcing non-tendering shareholders to sell their shares for the tender offer price. To complete freeze-out merger, the acquiring company first creates a new corporation, which it owns and controls.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7775699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Blue Enterprises\",\n \"text\": \"The Fred Rogers Company, and 9 Story Media Group, also produces a spin-off of \\\"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\\\", entitled \\\"Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood\\\", which debuted on PBS Kids affiliates on September 3, 2012. It also produces \\\"Wishenpoof!\\\" with DHX Media and Amazon Studios for Amazon Video, and \\\"Creative Galaxy\\\" with 9 Story Media Group and Amazon Studios for Amazon Video. On January 12, 2018, 9 Story Media Group acquired Out of the Blue Enterprises. It is now a wholly owned subsidiary Out of the Blue Enterprises 9 Story USA (formerly Out of the Blue Enterprises) is an American children's television company based\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11716541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Squeeze-out\",\n \"text\": \"with that subsidiary, and to pay off in cash the minority shareholders. The consent of the minority shareholders is not required. They are merely entitled to receive fair value for their shares. This is in contrast to freeze-outs, where the minority interest is unable to liquidate their investment. Squeeze-out A squeeze-out or squeezeout, sometimes synonymous with freeze-out (\\\"freezeout\\\"), is the compulsory sale of the shares of minority shareholders of a joint-stock company for which they receive a fair cash compensation. This technique allows one or more shareholders who collectively hold a majority of shares in a corporation to gain ownership\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7775708\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Money Store (company)\",\n \"text\": \"chief financial officer of original The Money Store, is the founder and chairman of the new incarnation. The Money Store (company) The Money Store is a U.S. residential mortgage lending brand owned by MLD Mortgage Inc., a consumer finance company that is based in Florham Park, New Jersey with offices nationwide. \\\"Further information:\\\" Marc Turtletaub In 1967, the company was founded as Modern Acceptance Corp and it became The Money Store in 1973. The company was based in Union, New Jersey; but after a major revamping and consolidation effort, most of its corporate employees transferred to the newly-built headquarters at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14563520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Squeeze-out\",\n \"text\": \"Squeeze-out A squeeze-out or squeezeout, sometimes synonymous with freeze-out (\\\"freezeout\\\"), is the compulsory sale of the shares of minority shareholders of a joint-stock company for which they receive a fair cash compensation. This technique allows one or more shareholders who collectively hold a majority of shares in a corporation to gain ownership of remaining shares in that corporation. The majority shareholders incorporate a second corporation, which initiates a merger with the original corporation. The shareholders using this technique are then in a position to dictate the plan of merger. They force the minority stockholders in the original corporation to accept\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7775698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Money Store (company)\",\n \"text\": \"The Money Store (company) The Money Store is a U.S. residential mortgage lending brand owned by MLD Mortgage Inc., a consumer finance company that is based in Florham Park, New Jersey with offices nationwide. \\\"Further information:\\\" Marc Turtletaub In 1967, the company was founded as Modern Acceptance Corp and it became The Money Store in 1973. The company was based in Union, New Jersey; but after a major revamping and consolidation effort, most of its corporate employees transferred to the newly-built headquarters at The Ziggurat building in West Sacramento, California between 1996 and 1997. It specialized in home equity loans\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14563517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Private company limited by shares\",\n \"text\": \"Private company limited by shares A private company limited by shares is a class of private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Scotland, certain Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland. It has shareholders with limited liability and its shares may not be offered to the general public, unlike those of a public limited company (plc). \\\"Limited by shares\\\" means that the liability of the shareholders to creditors of the company is limited to the capital originally invested, i.e. the nominal value of the shares and any premium paid in return for the issue of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15337529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Private company limited by shares\",\n \"text\": \"Private company limited by shares A private company limited by shares is a class of private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Scotland, certain Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland. It has shareholders with limited liability and its shares may not be offered to the general public, unlike those of a public limited company (plc). \\\"Limited by shares\\\" means that the liability of the shareholders to creditors of the company is limited to the capital originally invested, i.e. the nominal value of the shares and any premium paid in return for the issue of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15337516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Come Out of the Pantry\",\n \"text\": \"Come Out of the Pantry Come Out of the Pantry is a 1935 British musical film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Jack Buchanan, Fay Wray, James Carew and Fred Emney. It is based on a 1934 novel of the same name by Alice Duer Miller, and features musical numbers by Al Hoffman, Al Goodhart and Maurice Sigler. A British aristocrat, Lord Robert Brent, travels to New York City to sell some paintings. He deposits the money from the sale in a bank, but when the bank collapses, he finds himself stranded in America with no money and lots of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14536517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Closet\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Closet Out of the Closet is a nonprofit chain of thrift stores whose revenues provide medical care for patients with HIV/AIDS. The chain is owned and operated by the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), a Los Angeles-based charity that provides medical, preventative, and educational resources for patients. AHF is the nation's largest non-profit HIV/AIDS healthcare, research, prevention, and education provider. Out of the Closet thrift stores generate income to help fund the medical services AHF provides for those patients who are unable to pay. Proceeds from Out of the Closet Thrift Stores directly benefit AHF. Out Of The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13190912\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Blue Enterprises\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Blue Enterprises 9 Story USA (formerly Out of the Blue Enterprises) is an American children's television company based in New York City, founded by the co-creator of the Nickelodeon pre-school animated/live action series \\\"Blue's Clues\\\" (hence the company's name) Angela C. Santomero and fellow ex-Nick executive Samantha Freeman Alpert. The company serves as the producers (with DHX Media's Decode Entertainment unit) of the CGI-animated children's television show \\\"Super Why!\\\" that airs on most PBS stations and on CBC Kids in Canada and \\\"Blue's Room\\\" which formerly aired on Nick Jr. Out of the Blue, along with WQED,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11716540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Closet\",\n \"text\": \"Southern California, four locations in the San Francisco Bay Area, and four locations in South Florida (two in Miami and two in Fort Lauderdale). The 'Out of the Closet' name has been federally trademarked by AHF since 1997. In addition to regular thrift store operations, several stores also offer additional services, including free rapid STD and HIV testing on a walk-in basis, along with counseling in a separate location of the store. Out of the Closet Out of the Closet is a nonprofit chain of thrift stores whose revenues provide medical care for patients with HIV/AIDS. The chain is owned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13190914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Issued shares\",\n \"text\": \"not change, in relation to the issuing corporation after that time. Shares are most commonly issued fully paid, in which case the liability of the shareholders is limited to the amount paid on the shares; but they may also be issued partly paid, with unlimited liability, subject to guarantee, or some other form. Issued shares Issued shares is a term of law and finance for the number of shares of a corporation which have been allocated (allotted) and are subsequently held by shareholders. The act of creating new issued shares is called \\\"issuance\\\", \\\"allocation\\\" or \\\"allotment\\\". Allotment is simply the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9642520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shareholders in the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"vote can call meetings, and can circulate suggestions for resolutions with support of 5 per cent of the total vote, or any one hundred other shareholders holding over £100 in shares each. Shareholder have say on pay of directors under CA 2006 section 439. For the time being, this is non-binding. Categories of important decisions, such as large asset sales, approval of mergers, takeovers, winding up of the company, any expenditure on political donations, and share buybacks. Other transactions where directors have a conflict of interest that require binding approval of shareholders are ratification of corporate opportunities, large self dealing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15638659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Squeeze-out\",\n \"text\": \"criticized the present rules with regard to freeze-out mergers as being biased against the interests of the minority shareholders. For example, if a gain in stock value is anticipated by the majority, they can deprive the frozen-out minority of its share of those gains. In Germany, a pool of shareholders owning at least 95% of a company's shares has the right to \\\"squeeze out\\\" the remaining minority of shareholders by paying them an adequate compensation. This procedure is based on the \\\"Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act\\\" (ger.'Wertpapiererwerbs- und Übernahmegesetz\\\", WpÜG). An alternative procedure is governed by §§ 327a – 327f\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7775703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom company law\",\n \"text\": \"is express authority in the constitution of a public company, and the re-purchase can only be made from distributable profits. Second, since 1980 shares can simply be bought back from shareholders if, again this is done out of distributable profits. Crucially, the directors must also state that the company will be able to pay all its debts and continue for the next year, and shareholders must approve this by special resolution. Under the Listing Rules for public companies, shareholders must generally be given the same buy back offer, and get shares bought back pro rata. How many shares are retained\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11414033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Corporate spin-off\",\n \"text\": \"Corporate spin-off A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, or starburst, is a type of corporate action where a company \\\"splits off\\\" a section as a separate business. Spin-offs are divisions of companies or organizations that then become independent businesses with assets, employees, intellectual property, technology, or existing products that are taken from the parent company. Shareholders of the parent company receive equivalent shares in the new company in order to compensate for the loss of equity in the original stocks. However, shareholders may then buy and sell stocks from either company independently; this potentially makes investment in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6331124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Piercing the corporate veil\",\n \"text\": \"in which the owner could be held responsible for all the debts of the company, a corporation traditionally limited the personal liability of the shareholders. Piercing the corporate veil typically is most effective with smaller privately held business entities (close corporations) in which the corporation has a small number of shareholders, limited assets, and recognition of separateness of the corporation from its shareholders would promote fraud or an inequitable result. There is no record of a successful piercing of the corporate veil for a publicly traded corporation because of the large number of shareholders and the extensive mandatory filings entailed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4646635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Money Store (company)\",\n \"text\": \"of First Union's bad home equity loans into The Money Store's home equity division and took it off its company books two years later, at a loss of $1.7 billion. First Union then transferred the remaining divisions to its subsidiary Wachovia along with 13 billion in shares. However, the student loan division, Educaid, and the SBA loan division were retained by First Union. In 2006, Wachovia (formerly First Union) sold The Money Store name to MLD Mortgage, Inc. There's no direct connection to the old West Sacramento-based company, but a veteran executive of the old company operates it. Morton Dear,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14563519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Furnace\",\n \"text\": \"Rodney becomes so indebted due to his own gambling losses that he begs Petty to let him do a big money fight. After Petty reluctantly arranges for Rodney to do a fight for a ruthless criminal gang in the backwoods, Rodney disappears, and his brother tries to find out what has happened to him. The film received a limited release in Los Angeles and New York City on December 4, 2013, followed by a wide theatrical release on December 6. The film earned $15.7 million against its $22 million budget and it received mixed reviews. After getting off work at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16441649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits\",\n \"text\": \"corporations are entitled to a foreign tax credit for taxes (if any) paid in foreign countries. Retaining such profits offshore may be regarded a tax strategy. Many corporations have accumulated substantial untaxed profits offshore, especially in countries with low corporate tax rates. In recent years it has been estimated that untaxed profits range from US$1.6 to $2.1 trillion. The \\\"Wall Street Journal\\\" noted that the \\\"[u]ntaxed foreign earnings are part of a contentious debate over U.S. fiscal policy and tax code.\\\" The profits earned abroad and retained there are subject to a foreign exchange risk, besides other financial risks. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18586138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Black (song)\",\n \"text\": \"set between them, they make some four-piece rock bands look inconsequential.\\\" \\\"DIY\\\" editor Stephen Ackroyd repeated what Kerr said about \\\"Out of the Black\\\", saying that it \\\"remains an incendiary calling card - a roaring, snarling Godzilla levelling sky scrapers at will.\\\" Partly adapted from \\\"Out of the Black\\\" liner notes. Out of the Black (song) \\\"Out of the Black\\\" is a song written by Mike Kerr and Ben Thatcher of British rock duo Royal Blood. The song was originally recorded by the duo for release as a single, appearing on the band's debut single of the same name, released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18136131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Out-of-Towners (1999 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Out-of-Towners (1999 film) The Out-of-Towners is a 1999 American comedy film starring Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn. It is a remake of the 1970 film of the same name written by Neil Simon and starring Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis. Henry (Martin) and Nancy Clark (Hawn) are a couple living in a quiet Ohio town. Married for 27 years, their last child has left home and Nancy is suffering from empty nest syndrome. Unbeknownst to her, Henry has lost his job due to corporate downsizing and has an interview in New York. Nancy sneaks on the plane with him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7947132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Come Out of the Pantry\",\n \"text\": \"bills. By chance, Robert meets the old family butler, Eccles, who is now working in New York for the wealthy Beach-Howard family. Eccles helps Roberts to take up employment as a footman in the Beach-Howard household. Robert becomes romantically involved with the young niece, Hilda Beach-Howard. She beings to suspect his true identity. Robert's elder brother arrives in New York to find out what has happened to his sibling. The bank that holds Robert's money reopens, and Robert proposes marriage to Hilda whilst serving dinner. She accepts his proposal. \\\"Come Out of the Pantry\\\" was the first British film to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14536518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Box Publishing\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Box Publishing Out of the Box Publishing was a Wisconsin-based publishing company specializing in family, card, and party games. As of October 2013, they had published over 45 titles. Out of the Box Publishing was best known for games that are easy to learn and quick to play. The company has received numerous awards including Mensa Select, Toy of the Year, Parenting for High Potential, and National Parenting Center. Out of the Box Publishing was established in 1998 in Madison, Wisconsin by Mark Osterhaus, Ellen Winter, Alan Waller, Cathleen Quinn-Kinney, and John Kovalic. The first game published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9654284\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Valley\",\n \"text\": \"Congratulations are due to both Gorka and to producer John Jennings.\\\" The songs are more upbeat than some of Gorka's earlier works and generally better suited to a more glossy production. Gorka's writing, however, remains strong. \\\"Sing Out!\\\" states that \\\"\\\"Out of the Valley\\\"... reveals a mature artist with a keen sense of observation with equal parts humor and compassion.\\\" \\\"The Valley\\\" in Gorka's title is a reference to Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley and as with Gorka's previous albums a number of songs feature stories and characters that are based on Gorka's experiences living in this area that surrounds Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5304899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Box Publishing\",\n \"text\": \"Nearly all of the games in their catalog were created after 2008. The company received over 600 submissions a year and publishes about two new games per year. Out of the Box Games are distributed by: The artistic director and one of the founders of Out of the Box Publishing, John Kovalic, was also the illustrator for \\\"Munchkin\\\" and \\\"Dork Tower\\\". Out of the Box Publishing Out of the Box Publishing was a Wisconsin-based publishing company specializing in family, card, and party games. As of October 2013, they had published over 45 titles. Out of the Box Publishing was best\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9654288\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Blue (British band)\",\n \"text\": \"Christie's auction house on 18 February 2002). In recent years, the group has visited Oxford-based charity, Helen & Douglas House, as well as donating some of its end-of-year profits. Helen & Douglas House is a hospice that provides respite care for children and young adults with life-limiting conditions, and support for their families. From 2005 to 2014, Helen & Douglas House hosted an annual fundraiser, \\\"Childish Things\\\", held in the New Theatre, Oxford. The ten iterations of \\\"Childish Things\\\" raised a total of nearly £600,000. Out of the Blue performed regularly at the event from 2007, alongside comedians such as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6556356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Way\",\n \"text\": \"of the American Triple Crown, the $200,000 Preakness Stakes, run at a mile and three sixteenths on dirt at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Out of the Way was listed on the morning line as a long shot at 15-1 in a field of ten colts. The official Derby winner, Forward Pass, was the even money favorite at 1-1 with the disqualified Derby winner, Dancer's Image, slightly higher but also listed at even money at 1-1. Out of the Way broke ninth out of ten under jockey John L. Rotz. He lost ground around both turns by in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17438658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law\",\n \"text\": \"The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law is Widener University School of Law's corporate law review. The journal was established in 1976 and publishes three issues per annual volume. In addition to scholarly articles, the journal publishes opinions from the Delaware Court of Chancery that are not otherwise printed in a regional reporter. It ranks among the top specialized legal journals the United States based on the number of citations from federal and state courts. In 2008, the journal ranked 10th out of 411 specialized journals based on citations in state and federal court opinions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11623980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Squeeze-out\",\n \"text\": \"all shares held by minor shareholders devolve to him. Under UK law, section 979 of the Companies Act 2006 is the relevant \\\"squeeze out\\\" provision. It gives a takeover bidder who has already acquired 90% of a company's shares the right to compulsorily buy out the remaining shareholders. Conversely section 983 (the \\\"sell out\\\" provision) allows minority shareholders to insist their stakes are bought out. (see Companies Act 2006) In the US squeeze-outs are governed by State laws, e.g. 8 Delaware Code § 253 permits a parent corporation owning at least 90% of the stock of a subsidiary to merge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7775707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Shelter\",\n \"text\": \"has been married and divorced. Timothy reflects on how lucky he is to have a good career and a loving family when things have not gone so well for others. The most autobiographical of Lodge's novels, it reflects the author's own rite of passage in Heidelberg visiting a young aunt, though he points out a number of differences between his visit and what happened in the novel. The naive tone of the narration, especially that of Timothy's early childhood, alters as he matures. In the afterword to the 1984 edition, Lodge explains the novel's origins, as well as the serious\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6982233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint-stock company\",\n \"text\": \"Joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. In modern-day corporate law, the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation (possession of legal personality separate from shareholders) and limited liability (shareholders are liable for the company's debts only to the value of the money they have invested in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2278840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Furnace\",\n \"text\": \"Tomatoes, the film has an average approval rating of 53% based on 182 reviews and an average rating of 5.9/10. The general consensus for the site says: \\\"While it may not make the most of its incredible cast, \\\"Out of the Furnace\\\" is still so packed with talent that it's hard to turn away.\\\" The film holds a score of 63 (indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\") out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 40 critics. Despite its mixed critical reception, \\\"Out of the Furnace\\\" appeared on several critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2013. Town officials from Mahwah,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16441663\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Come Out of the Pantry\",\n \"text\": \"humour \\\"would be quite meaningless to any but an English audience\\\". \\\"TV Guide\\\" called it an \\\"entertaining musical.\\\" The film includes the following songs: A version of \\\"Everything Stops for Tea\\\" was later recorded by blues singer John Baldry on his 1972 album \\\"Everything Stops for Tea\\\", produced by Elton John and Rod Stewart. Come Out of the Pantry Come Out of the Pantry is a 1935 British musical film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Jack Buchanan, Fay Wray, James Carew and Fred Emney. It is based on a 1934 novel of the same name by Alice Duer Miller,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14536521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Corporate tax\",\n \"text\": \"reorganizations that may be tax free include mergers, amalgamations, liquidations of subsidiaries, share for share exchanges, exchanges of shares for assets, changes in form or place of organization, and recapitalizations. Most jurisdictions allow a tax deduction for interest expense incurred by a corporation in carrying out its trading activities. Where such interest is paid to related parties, such deduction may be limited. Without such limitation, owners could structure financing of the corporation in a manner that would provide for a tax deduction for much of the profits, potentially without changing the tax on shareholders. For example, assume a corporation earns\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3616343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Corporate-owned life insurance\",\n \"text\": \"certain premiums for life insurance were leveraged and deducted, in essence creating a transaction with highest possible tax benefits. Even today, when a COLI plan's death benefits are paid to an employees family directly, the company paying the premiums can deduct them from corporate profits and earnings legally. In 2006, the U.S. Congress and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) set some guidelines and limits on the installation and administration of COLI and BOLI. Today, COLI is most common for senior executives of a firm, but its use for general employees is still sometimes practiced, primarily as a real economic transaction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2187090\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pathways out of Poverty\",\n \"text\": \"is free to choose and make partnerships with any organization, including public, private, and not-for-profit. Some examples of partners include community colleges, technical schools, faith-based organizations, community-based organizations, and trade groups. The Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration announced the 38 national and local organizations that would be receiving grants on January 13, 2010. The grantees for Pathways Out of Poverty (POP) consist of two types: (1) national non-profits that are connected with local organizations; and (2) local public organizations and private non-profits. There are eight national grantees: There are thirty local grantees: Pathways out of Poverty (POP) grantees\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15116855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tendency of the rate of profit to fall\",\n \"text\": \"deflation—lower prices, lower profits—would be followed by worldwide revolution. Instead, capitalism has become vastly more profitable”. The McKinsey Global Institute claims that the three decades from 1985 to 2014 were the golden years for profits from stocks and bonds, but forecasts that average profitability will be lower in the future. In May 2018, a WSJ analyst concluded that if taxcut effects are removed from the figures, real US corporate profits were not growing anymore, notwithstanding a surge in profits on S&P listed shares. Another WSJ analyst commented, at the same date, that \\\"With the profits data, it could take several\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6714597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yorkshire Engine Company\",\n \"text\": \"of the company. By 1880, the company was in serious financial difficulties. The Russian debts were never paid, and a dubious method was used to write off the loss made on the marine engines. Despite a successful call to shareholders for more money, the company chose voluntary liquidation as the best option in July 1880. Liquidators ran the business for three and a half years, during which time turnover increased and profits of £9,419 were made. In September 1883, the second Yorkshire Engine Company was launched, by issuing 2,400 shares valued at £25, giving a capital of £60,000. Few locomotive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6085213\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Piercing the corporate veil\",\n \"text\": \"in qualifying for listing on an exchange. German corporate law developed a number of theories in the early 1920s for lifting the corporate veil on the basis of \\\"domination\\\" by a parent company over a subsidiary. Today, shareholders can be held liable in the case of an interference destroying the corporation. The corporation is entitled to a minimum of equitable funds. If these are taken away by the shareholder the corporation may claim compensation, even in an insolvency proceeding. The corporate veil in UK company law is pierced very rarely. After a series of attempts by the Court of Appeal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4646636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Financial history of the Dutch Republic\",\n \"text\": \"called the first joint-stock company, but this is only true in a loose sense, because its organization only resembled an English joint-stock company, but was not exactly the same. Like other Dutch merchant ventures, the VOC started out in 1602 as a \\\"partenrederij\\\", a type of business organization that had by then already a long history in the Netherlands. As in the joint-stock company the investors in a \\\"rederij\\\" owned shares in the physical stock of the venture. They bore a part of the risk of the venture in exchange for a claim on the profits from the venture. A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11929699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave\",\n \"text\": \"Italian lire on its domestic release. Curti described its profits in Italy as a \\\"reasonable success\\\". It was released theatrically in the United States on 26 July 1972 as \\\"The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave\\\". When shown theatrically in the United States, it was distributed with such gimmicks as theaters serving \\\"bloodcorn\\\", popcorn that had been dyed red. Several versions of the film circulated which were often cut and re-edited, such as the television version titled \\\"Evelyn Raises the Dead\\\". The film was first released on Blu-ray disc by Australian distribution company Gryphon Entertainment on 20 June 2013.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15470776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits\",\n \"text\": \"Companies of the United States with untaxed profits Companies of the United States with untaxed profits deals with those U.S. companies whose offshore subsidiaries earn profits which are retained in foreign countries to defer paying U.S. corporate tax. The profits of United States corporations are subject to a federal corporate tax rate of 21%. In principle, the tax is payable on all profits of corporations, whether earned domestically or abroad. However, overseas subsidiaries of U.S. corporations are entitled to a tax deferral of profits on active income until repatriated to the U.S., and are regarded as untaxed. When repatriated, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18586137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Blue (1947 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Blue (1947 film) Out of the Blue is a 1947 comedy film based on the short story by Vera Caspary who also co-wrote the screenplay. It stars George Brent, Virginia Mayo, Turhan Bey, Ann Dvorak and Carole Landis. It was directed by Leigh Jason. Arthur Earthleigh (George Brent) lives in an apartment in Greenwich Village where he is dominated by his wife Mae (Carole Landis) and annoyed by Rabelais, the German Shepherd owned by his neighbour, artist and swinging bachelor David (Turhan Bey). David has a constant parade of attractive women visiting his apartment to pose for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13868773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Profits of Religion\",\n \"text\": \"The Profits of Religion The Profits of Religion: An Essay in Economic Interpretation is a nonfiction book, first published in 1917, by the American novelist and muck-raking journalist Upton Sinclair. It is a snapshot of the religious movements in the U.S. before its entry into World War I. The book is the first of the “Dead Hand” series: six books Sinclair wrote on American institutions. The series also includes \\\"The Brass Check\\\" (journalism), \\\"The Goose-step\\\" (higher education), \\\"The Goslings\\\" (elementary and high school education), \\\"Mammonart\\\" (art) and \\\"Money Writes!\\\" (literature). The term “Dead Hand” ironically refers to Adam Smith’s concept\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10181436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mullens v Federal Commissioner of Taxation\",\n \"text\": \"shareholders created trusts under which they took up their Vamgas rights and paid for their new shares with money provided by Mullens. The shares were in the names of those various Vam shareholders, but as trustees, with Mullens (or associates) the beneficial owners. Mullens granted those shareholders options allowing them to buy the Vamgas shares, if they wished, for the issue price (i.e. what Mullens had paid), any time until 15 May 1969 (that being a few months after the issue). The benefits of this scheme were, In effect the Vam shareholders had swapped their potential tax deductions for a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7475077\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Ordinary\",\n \"text\": \"pieces then it is that we are all capable of misplaced zeal and irrationality—and that the gaps between the socially awkward and the sociopath are not as wide as we might think.\\\" Ronson's prose in \\\"Out of the Ordinary\\\" is characterized by self-mockery, what the \\\"Times\\\" calls his \\\"charming buffoonery\\\": he writes about having a panic attack when dressed up as Santa for his son. Parents, he says, \\\"are like amateur bomb-disposal officers, forever cutting the wrong wires\\\". A companion volume to \\\"Out of the Ordinary\\\", called \\\"What I Do: More Tales of Everyday Craziness\\\", was published in November 2007.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15593874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Blue (British band)\",\n \"text\": \"is not what most people expect to see, which I think is why it's so popular…. “We couldn’t believe we were tweeted by Shakira. On the Facebook post she signed it off personally so we knew she had actually watched the video, which is amazing. We’ve recorded the song for charity and all the proceeds go to the hospice Helen and Douglas House, so the most exposure it gets, the better.” On 22 August 2014, Out of the Blue released another charity single - \\\"Rather Be\\\" by Clean Bandit to raise money for Global Dream, a non-profit initiative that aims\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6556360\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Furnace\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Furnace Out of the Furnace is a 2013 American drama film, directed by Scott Cooper, from a screenplay written by Cooper and Brad Ingelsby. Produced by Ridley Scott and Leonardo DiCaprio, the film stars Christian Bale, Casey Affleck, Woody Harrelson, Zoe Saldana, Forest Whitaker, Willem Dafoe, and Sam Shepard. The film is about a Pennsylvania steel mill worker Russell Baze (Bale) and his Iraq war veteran brother Rodney (Affleck), who cannot adjust to civilian life. While Rodney makes some money doing bareknuckle fights for bar owner and small-time criminal John Petty (Dafoe), who runs illegal gambling operations,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16441648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Fog (1941 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Fog (1941 film) Out of the Fog (working title: Danger Harbor) is a 1941 American film noir crime drama directed by Anatole Litvak, starring John Garfield, Ida Lupino and Thomas Mitchell. The film was based on the play \\\"Gentle People\\\" by Irwin Shaw. Two aging men, Goodwin and Johnson (Mitchell and Qualen), are fishermen in their spare time. They are trying to buy a new boat, but their Brooklyn pier is controlled by Goff, a gangster (Garfield), who extorts \\\"protection\\\" money of $5 a week from them. Goodwin's daughter (Lupino) falls in love with Goff, who learns\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11436320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Come Out of the Kitchen\",\n \"text\": \"Come Out of the Kitchen Come Out of the Kitchen is a lost 1919 American silent drama film produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by John S. Robertson and starred Marguerite Clark. The film is based on a Broadway play of the same name that starred Ruth Chatterton. Parts of the film was shot at Pass Christian, Mississippi. As described in a film magazine, Claudia Daingerfield (Clark) is the resourceful daughter of an old and invalid Southern aristocrat Mr. Daingerfield (Stevens). All that remains of his property is a fine old Virginian country house,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17641397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Into the Out Of\",\n \"text\": \"a ritual which seals the breach between dimensions, sacrificing his own supernatural powers in the process. All three return to this world, where the shetani’s tricks have ended and the diplomatic crisis is receding, and Oak and Merry realise they have found what they have been looking for in each other. Into the Out Of Into the Out Of (1986) is a horror/science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster. The Maasai people become aware that a global crisis is approaching. Malevolent, unearthly creatures called \\\"shetani\\\", which inhabit another dimension the Maasai know as the “Out Of” (because all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11675647\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Australian rules football on the Gold Coast\",\n \"text\": \"the newly appointed Kangaroos chairman James Brayshaw announced the club would not be moving to the Gold Coast permanently and would continue to be based out of Melbourne. In January 2008, it was reported that the AFL officially registered the name \\\"Gold Coast Football Club Ltd\\\" with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). The registration was effective from 24 December 2007. The registration was of a public company limited by guarantees rather than by shares, the corporate personality common to 15 of 16 of the current AFL teams, the exception being the Fremantle Football Club. In March 2008, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17102936\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bought out deal\",\n \"text\": \"Bought out deal A bought out deal is a method of offering securities to the public through a sponsor or underwriter (a bank, financial institution, or an individual). The securities are listed in one or more stock exchanges within a time frame mutually agreed upon by the company and the sponsor. This option saves the issuing company the costs and time involved in a public issue. The cost of holding the shares can be reimbursed by the company, or the sponsor can offer the shares to the public at a premium to earn profits. Terms are agreed upon by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15903038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Squeeze-out\",\n \"text\": \"freeze-out tender offer has a significant advantage over an LBO because an acquiring corporation need not make an all-cash tender offer. Instead, it can use shares of its own stock to pay for the acquisition. In this case, the bidder offers to exchange each shareholder’s stock in the target for stock in the acquiring company. As long as the exchange rate is set so that the value in the acquirer’s stock exceeds the pre-merger market value of the target-company stock, the non-tendering shareholders will receive fair value for their shares and will have no legal recourse. The legal community has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7775702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Unknown\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Unknown Out of the Unknown is a British television science fiction anthology drama series, produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC2 in four series between 1965 and 1971. Each episode was a dramatisation of a science fiction short story. Some were written directly for the series, but most were adaptations of already-published stories. The first three years were exclusively science fiction, but that genre was abandoned in the final year in favour of horror/fantasy stories. A number of episodes were wiped during the early 1970s, as was standard procedure at the time. A large number of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"971148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Clouds\",\n \"text\": \"review is typical of modern critics' view of \\\"Out of the Clouds\\\": \\\"\\\"Work and play among commercial pilots; nothing special.\\\"\\\" In re-release, \\\"Out of the Clouds\\\" is the last disc in \\\"Ealing Classics 2009, Volume 1\\\". Out of the Clouds Out of the Clouds is a 1955 British drama film directed by Basil Dearden, and starring Anthony Steel, Robert Beatty and James Robertson Justice. An Ealing Studios production, the film is composed of small stories dealing with the passengers and crew on a day at London Airport (the name of Heathrow Airport 1946–1966). During a day at an airport in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12346223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Shadows (unfinished film)\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Shadows (unfinished film) Out of the Shadows was an unfinished 1931 feature film from A. R. Harwood. He made it after a number of years of working in distribution with the intention of producing Australia's first talking motion picture. The script was by J. Summers, \\\"a Victorian who has had experience in Hollywood.\\\" The movie was a \\\"society romance\\\" shot in Melbourne using a sound-on-disc recording system. During filming, Senator John Barnes, then leader of the Senate, paid a visit to the St Kilda Studio where it was being shot. Independent Films announced plans to make four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16414521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Windfall profits tax\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\" wrote, \\\"What is a 'windfall' profit anyway? ... Take Exxon Mobil, which on Thursday reported the highest quarterly profit ever and is the main target of any 'windfall' tax surcharge. Yet if its profits are at record highs, its tax bills are already at record highs too... Exxon's profit margin stood at 10% for 2007... If that's what constitutes windfall profits, most of corporate America would qualify... 51 Senators voted to impose a 25% windfall tax on a U.S.-based oil company whose profits grew by more than 10% in a single year... This suggests that a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7166959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bat Out of Hell The Musical\",\n \"text\": \"I Want My Money Back\\\" can be heard at the beginning of the scene in Raven's bedroom between \\\"Who Needs the Young?\\\" and \\\"Out of the Frying Pan (And Into the Fire)\\\". Lines from \\\"Bad for Good\\\"'s title track are used frequently in dialogue spoken by Raven, with one line also being sung as part of Sloane's monologue towards the end of act two. \\\"Teenager In Love\\\" is the name of the monologue Strat recites immediately before he and Raven sing \\\"For Crying Out Loud\\\". Performed by Jim Steinman, a shorter version of this piece was first released as \\\"Shadows\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20187560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Movie Out Here\",\n \"text\": \"a 6% increase in market share. The Movie Out Here The Movie Out Here is a Canadian buddy comedy film. Premiering at the 2012 Whistler Film Festival, it began a limited run at theatres in Western Canada on March 1, 2013. The film was produced by Alliance Films and funded by Kokanee, a British Columbia-based brewery owned by the Labatt Brewing Company. The concept for the film was conceived by the staff of Grip Limited, an advertising agency who had worked on various campaigns for Kokanee in the past, and served as the first foray into branded content for both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17119746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Movie Out Here\",\n \"text\": \"The Movie Out Here The Movie Out Here is a Canadian buddy comedy film. Premiering at the 2012 Whistler Film Festival, it began a limited run at theatres in Western Canada on March 1, 2013. The film was produced by Alliance Films and funded by Kokanee, a British Columbia-based brewery owned by the Labatt Brewing Company. The concept for the film was conceived by the staff of Grip Limited, an advertising agency who had worked on various campaigns for Kokanee in the past, and served as the first foray into branded content for both Grip and Labatt. Alongside traditional product\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17119735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Way\",\n \"text\": \"during his two-year-old season. In April 1968, the owner of Out of the Way, King Ranch, decided to run him in the mile and one eighth Wood Memorial Stakes at Aqueduct Racetrack. He finished fourth to the eventual Kentucky Derby Champion Dancer's Image, who later became the only winner of the Derby to be disqualified. Then in the Withers Stakes, Out of the Way again finished fourth, this time to Call Me Prince, his entry-mate owned by Mrs. Adele L. Rand, also trained by Max Hirsch. On May 18, 1968 Out of the Way was entered into the second jewel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17438657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Corporate law\",\n \"text\": \"entitles them to enforce the provisions of the company's constitution against the company and against other members. A share is an item of property, and can be sold or transferred. Shares also normally have a nominal or par value, which is the limit of the shareholder's liability to contribute to the debts of the company on an insolvent liquidation. Shares usually confer a number of rights on the holder. These will normally include: Companies may issue different types of shares, called \\\"classes\\\" of shares, offering different rights to the shareholders depending on the underlying regulatory rules pertaining to corporate structures,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3881114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woodwork (Buffy comic)\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Woodwork (Buffy comic) \\\"Out of the Woodwork\\\" is a comic book storyline based on the \\\"Buffy\\\" television series and published in \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" #31-34 by Dark Horse Comics. It was later reprinted in a trade paperback collected edition. During one of Sunnydale's hottest summer, the town is suffering from a severe infestation of insects anyone. Strangely, some people are starting to transform into huge demonic insects. Buffy and company must stop this. A Sunnydale alleyway becomes the center of some weird happenings. Buffy and her friends try to find out. Meanwhile, Giles has a new\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7192980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bat Out of Hell The Musical\",\n \"text\": \"Bat Out of Hell The Musical Bat Out of Hell is a rock musical written by Jim Steinman based on the album of the same name. Steinman wrote all of the songs, most of which are songs from the Bat Out of Hell trilogy of albums by Meat Loaf including \\\"Bat Out of Hell\\\", \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\". The musical is a loose retelling of Peter Pan and Wendy, set in post-apocalyptic Manhattan (now named \\\"Obsidian\\\"), and follows Strat, the forever young leader of The Lost who has fallen in love with Raven, daughter of Falco, the tyrannical ruler of Obsidian.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20187521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"It Crawled Out of the Woodwork\",\n \"text\": \"It Crawled Out of the Woodwork \\\"It Crawled Out of the Woodwork\\\" is an episode of the original \\\"The Outer Limits\\\" television show. It first aired on 9 December 1963, during the first season. A cleaning lady attempts to vacuum up what appears to be a dust-bunny, but as soon as it is in the vacuum cleaner it explodes into a bizarre energy cloud. A security guard at the gates of NORCO, a southern California physics research center, is brusque when the Peters brothers drive up, even though Professor Stuart Peters has taken a job with the company, intending to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6748887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Vein\",\n \"text\": \"name. \\\"Out of the Vein\\\" was originally scheduled to be released in the Spring of 2002, but was delayed several times. According to Jenkins, some of the reasons for the delay stemmed from a self-imposed pressure to live up to Third Eye Blind's previous successes, leading him to rewrite lyrics. By the time the album was released, Elektra Records was in the midst of being absorbed into Atlantic Records, and Jenkins contends the group was not a priority: \\\"Our record company ceased to exist the month the record was released,\\\" \\\"Elektra Records imploded. It was just letterhead.\\\" Jenkins felt that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4608017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Corporate tax in the Netherlands\",\n \"text\": \"Corporate tax in the Netherlands Corporate tax in the Netherlands deals with the tax payable in the Netherlands on the profits earned by companies. In general, a Dutch company is subject to 25% corporate tax (\\\"vennootschapsbelasting\\\") on its worldwide profits. However, certain items of income are exempt from tax and certain costs are non-deductible. A Dutch company is subject to Dutch corporate tax on its worldwide profits, after taking into account tax deductible costs. The 2013 Dutch corporate tax rate was 20% of the taxable income up to and including €200,000, above which the rate is 25%. Certain items of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13244483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shareholders in the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"actively engage in governance affairs by disclosing their voting policy, voting record and voting. The aim is to make directors more accountable, at least, to investors of capital. Shareholders in the United Kingdom Shareholders in the United Kingdom are people and organisations who buy shares in UK companies. In large companies, such as those on the FTSE100, shareholders are overwhelmingly large institutional investors, such as pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds or similar foreign organisations. UK shareholders have the most favourable set of rights in the world in their ability to control directors of corporations. UK company law gives shareholders\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15638662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bat Out of Hell The Musical\",\n \"text\": \"On The Freeway\\\" in 1979, then as \\\"Nocturnal Pleasure\\\" in 1981 on the album \\\"Dead Ringer\\\". This full length version - titled \\\"Teenager In Love\\\" - was initially only the prologue to the music video for It's All Coming Back to Me Now by Pandora's Box (1989), but was later released as a standalone audio track on the digital-only special 19-track version of the album which includes promotional tracks and single edits. Bat Out of Hell The Musical Bat Out of Hell is a rock musical written by Jim Steinman based on the album of the same name. Steinman wrote\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20187561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Furnace\",\n \"text\": \"a North Braddock, Pennsylvania, steel mill, Russell Baze catches his brother Rodney at a horse racing simulcast, where Rodney had just bet on a losing horse. Rodney reveals John Petty loaned the money to him. Petty owns a bar and runs several illegal games. Russell visits Petty, pays off some of Rodney's debt, and promises to pay Petty the rest with his next paycheck if Rodney has not yet paid it off. Driving home intoxicated, Russell hits another car, killing its occupants, including a little boy. He is incarcerated for vehicular manslaughter. While in prison he is informed that his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16441650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shareholders in the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"Shareholders in the United Kingdom Shareholders in the United Kingdom are people and organisations who buy shares in UK companies. In large companies, such as those on the FTSE100, shareholders are overwhelmingly large institutional investors, such as pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds or similar foreign organisations. UK shareholders have the most favourable set of rights in the world in their ability to control directors of corporations. UK company law gives shareholders the ability to, Shareholders also owe one another duties, and owe duties under the Stewardship Code to exercise their voting power. Shareholders provide an essential source of capital\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15638656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Unknown\",\n \"text\": \"case of \\\"Out of the Unknown\\\", this led to particular attention being paid to the scripts for “Second Childhood” (about reawakening of sexual desire when an elderly man undergoes a rejuvenation process) and “Satisfaction Guaranteed” (about a woman taking a robot as a lover). Series two was broadcast on Thursday nights at 9:30pm, beginning with the episode “The Machine Stops” on 6 October 1966. The new series was promoted in listings magazine \\\"Radio Times\\\" with a front cover of “The Machine Stops”’ star Yvonne Mitchell and an article previewing the upcoming episodes, written by Michael Imison. The two most notable\",\n \"psg_id\": \"971162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Wasteland\",\n \"text\": \"anthems and power ballads\\\" that \\\"indulge in middle-aged introspection\\\". Alex Lai for Contact Music describes the album as \\\"ultimately a welcome return for the band who provide a number of genuinely worthy songs to the Lifehouse legacy\\\". Michael Weaver, giving the album four stars for Jesus Freak Hideout, writes, \\\"\\\"Out of the Wasteland\\\" is a fine example of everything good about Lifehouse and anyone would be well-served to get this album today.\\\" Rating the album a nine out of ten for Cross Rhythms, Philip Laing writes, \\\"This is overall an impressive return to form by the mainstream stalwarts.\\\" PluggedIn's Adam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paid in capital\",\n \"text\": \"example, it could refer to the money that a company gets from potential investors, in addition to the stated (nominal or par) value of the stock, which coincides with the definition of additional paid-in capital, or paid-in capital in excess of par. One should be aware of the use of the term and the abbreviation, which can confuse. Paid-in Capital (a.k.a. Contributed Capital) = A + B : Excess received from shareholders over the par value (or stated value) of the stock issued; also called \\\"contributed capital in excess of par\\\". For example, if 1,000 shares of $10 par value\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7073330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose\",\n \"text\": \"Butcher Is King)\\\" is \\\"five Olympian minutes crying out for a full production at Glyndebourne.\\\" Guitarist Steve Vai describes it as \\\"very Gothic; almost terrifying.\\\" It is about the intense power over subordinates: \\\"Monstro\\\" is a bombastic orchestral piece layered with chorals that lead into the piano introduction to \\\"Alive.\\\" Meat Loaf decided to hire Desmond Child when he revealed that he had written \\\"Alive\\\" especially for the album. The song refers to how the singer has overcome difficult periods in his life. \\\"What About Love\\\", a piano-based duet with Patti Russo, is a sexually charged song that echoes \\\"Paradise\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7874299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Game\",\n \"text\": \"the United Kingdom, the album earned a midweek position of number two, equaling the initial success of Wainwright's 2007 album \\\"Release the Stars\\\" and surpassing the peak position of his previous studio album \\\"\\\" (2010). Overall, \\\"Out of the Game\\\" charted in 13 counties, including Top 10 positions in Denmark and the United Kingdom. Release history adapted from Wainwright's official site. Out of the Game Out of the Game is the seventh studio album by singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released in Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada in April 2012 and in the United States on May 1, 2012 through Decca\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16123808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of Joint Theatre Company\",\n \"text\": \"Out of Joint Theatre Company Out of Joint is a British and international touring theatre company based in London. It specialises in the commissioning and production of new writing, interspersed with occasional revivals and classic productions. It was founded in 1993 by director Max Stafford-Clark and producer Sonia Friedman. Stafford-Clark left the company in 2017 and its current Artistic Director is Kate Wasserberg, who joined the company in April 2017. Graham Cowley succeeded Friedman as producer in 1998. Upon his retirement in 2012 he was succeeded as producer by Panda Cox, who originally joined the company as Stafford-Clark's assistant. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9765264\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Park Developments\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Park Developments Out of the Park Developments GmbH & Co.KG is a German video game developer based in Hollern-Twielenfleth. Founded by Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht in 1999, the studio specialises in text sim-style sports games, and as produced notable franchises, such as \\\"Out of the Park Baseball\\\" and \\\"Franchise Hockey Manager\\\". Out of the Park Developments was founded in 1999, by current managing directors Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht. On 21 December 2016, Out of the Park Developments announced that they had received Metacritic's 2016 PC Game of the Year Award for \\\"Out of the Park\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19947008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Park Developments\",\n \"text\": \"Baseball 17\\\". Out of the Park Developments Out of the Park Developments GmbH & Co.KG is a German video game developer based in Hollern-Twielenfleth. Founded by Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht in 1999, the studio specialises in text sim-style sports games, and as produced notable franchises, such as \\\"Out of the Park Baseball\\\" and \\\"Franchise Hockey Manager\\\". Out of the Park Developments was founded in 1999, by current managing directors Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht. On 21 December 2016, Out of the Park Developments announced that they had received Metacritic's 2016 PC Game of the Year Award for \\\"Out of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19947009\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["patronage dividend","patronage refund","dividends","dividend","quarterly dividends","interim dividend","stock dividend","divident","dividents","share dividend","cash dividend"],"string":"[\n \"patronage dividend\",\n \"patronage refund\",\n \"dividends\",\n \"dividend\",\n \"quarterly dividends\",\n \"interim dividend\",\n \"stock dividend\",\n \"divident\",\n \"dividents\",\n \"share dividend\",\n \"cash dividend\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78280,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"book stieg larsson – the girl with the dragon tattoo and the girl who kicked the hornets' nest"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (original title in , literally, \"the air castle that was blown up\") is the third novel in the best-selling \"Millennium\" series by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson. It was published in Swedish in 2007; in English, in the UK, in October 2009; and in the US and Canada on 25 May 2010. The first three novels in the series, \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" (2005), \"The Girl Who Played with Fire\" (2006), and \"The Girl who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\" were written by Stieg Larsson before","psg_id":"13517307"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (original title in , literally, \\\"the air castle that was blown up\\\") is the third novel in the best-selling \\\"Millennium\\\" series by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson. It was published in Swedish in 2007; in English, in the UK, in October 2009; and in the US and Canada on 25 May 2010. The first three novels in the series, \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" (2005), \\\"The Girl Who Played with Fire\\\" (2006), and \\\"The Girl who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\" were written by Stieg Larsson before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517307\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"manuscript for publication. Norstedts commissioned Steve Murray under the pen-name of Reg Keeland to undertake the English translation. Alfred A. Knopf bought the rights to the book, along with the preceding two volumes in the series, after Larsson's death in 2004. \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\" was published with a first print-run of 800,000 copies. The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (original title in , literally, \"the air castle that was blown up\") is the third novel in the best-selling \"Millennium\" series by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson. It was published","psg_id":"13517327"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)","text":"the third section, writes Koskinen, is a skeleton (of the book's power). Besides, she notes, \"one sees Noomi Rapace far too little.\" The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film) The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest ( = English: \"The castle in the sky that blew up\") is a 2009 Swedish drama thriller film directed by Daniel Alfredson. It is based on the bestselling novel of the same name by the late Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson, the third entry in his \"Millennium\" series. The film was also the last film for veteran actor Per Oscarsson, who died","psg_id":"13741529"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"and 15 million copies altogether, in the United States. Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy\" (2011). The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in ; in English: Men Who Hate Women) is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954–2004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller. It is the first book of the \"Millennium\" series. Larsson spoke of an incident which he said occurred when he was 15: he stood by","psg_id":"11377202"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in ; in English: Men Who Hate Women) is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954–2004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller. It is the first book of the \"Millennium\" series. Larsson spoke of an incident which he said occurred when he was 15: he stood by as three men gang raped an acquaintance of his named Lisbeth. Days later, racked with guilt for having done nothing to help her, he begged her forgiveness—which she refused","psg_id":"11377182"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)","text":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (, literally \"Men who hate women\") is a 2009 Swedish drama thriller film based on the novel of the same name by Swedish author/journalist Stieg Larsson. It is the first book in the trilogy known as the \"Millennium\" series, published in Sweden in 2005. By August 2009, it had been sold to 25 countries outside Scandinavia and had been seen by more than 6 million people in the countries where it was already released. Directed by Niels Arden Oplev, the film stars Michael Nyqvist and Noomi","psg_id":"13449175"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2011 psychological crime thriller film based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Stieg Larsson. This film adaptation was directed by David Fincher and written by Steven Zaillian. Starring Daniel Craig as journalist Mikael Blomkvist and Rooney Mara as Lisbeth Salander, it tells the story of Blomkvist's investigation to find out what happened to a woman from a wealthy family who disappeared 40 years prior. He recruits the help of Salander, a computer hacker. Sony Pictures Entertainment began development on the film","psg_id":"14835736"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"9, 2018. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2011 psychological crime thriller film based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Stieg Larsson. This film adaptation was directed by David Fincher and written by Steven Zaillian. Starring Daniel Craig as journalist Mikael Blomkvist and Rooney Mara as Lisbeth Salander, it tells the story of Blomkvist's investigation to find out what happened to a woman from a wealthy family who disappeared 40 years prior. He recruits the help of Salander, a computer hacker. Sony Pictures Entertainment began development on","psg_id":"14835790"},{"title":"Stieg Larsson","text":"Stieg Larsson Karl Stig-Erland \"Stieg\" Larsson (; ; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He is best known for writing the \"Millennium\" trilogy of crime novels, which were published posthumously and adapted as motion pictures. Larsson lived much of his life in Stockholm and worked there with socialist politics and journalism, including as an independent researcher of right-wing extremism. He was the second best-selling author in the world for 2008, behind Khaled Hosseini. The third novel in the \"Millennium\" trilogy, \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\", became the most sold book in","psg_id":"10243630"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)","text":"a score of 53% based on 125 reviews, with an average score of 5.8/10, the consensus being, \"Slow and mostly devoid of the stellar chemistry between its two leads, \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\" is a disappointingly uneven conclusion to the Millennium trilogy.\" Despite the low rating, the film did receive positive reviews from such noteworthy critics as Peter Travers, James Berardinelli, and Roger Ebert, who gave the film three out of four stars, stating, \"These are all very well-made films. Like most European films, they have adults who are grown-ups, not arrested adolescents. Mikael and Erika, his","psg_id":"13741526"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)","text":"film was released in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark on 29 November 2009, and in Finland and Iceland in January 2010. The film was subsequently released in other European countries throughout the spring and summer of 2010. The film opened the Scottsdale (Arizona) International Film Festival on 1 October 2010, and was screened on 13 October 2010 at the Mill Valley (California) Film Festival; the film then had a limited release in United States and Canadian theaters beginning 29 October 2010. \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film","psg_id":"13741525"},{"title":"Stieg Larsson","text":"Up\"), published in English as \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\", was published in the United Kingdom in October 2009 and the United States in May 2010. Larsson left about three quarters of a fourth novel on a notebook computer, now possessed by his partner, Eva Gabrielsson: synopses or manuscripts of the fifth and sixth in the series, which he intended to comprise an eventual total of ten books, may also exist. Gabrielsson has stated in her book, \"\"There Are Things I Want You to Know\" About Stieg Larsson and Me\" (2011) that she is capable of finishing the","psg_id":"10243644"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"released to great acclaim in Sweden and later, on its publication in many other European countries. In the original language, it won Sweden's Glass Key Award in 2006 for best crime novel of the year. It also won the 2008 Boeke Prize, and in 2009 the Galaxy British Book Awards for Books Direct Crime Thriller of the Year, and the prestigious Anthony Award for Best First Novel. Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008. \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" received mixed reviews from American critics. It debuted at number four","psg_id":"11377198"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"charges against her, and her declaration of incompetence is rescinded. With the evidence and credibility of the prosecution shattered, the prosecutor drops all charges against Salander. Freed, Salander embarks on an overseas trip to forget the events. She spends several months at Gibraltar, among other things to pay a visit to the man managing the billions she had stolen from Hans-Erik Wennerström in \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". She also tracks down Miriam Wu, who is studying at a university in Paris, and apologises for putting her life in danger during the events of \"Played With Fire\". Salander soon","psg_id":"13517321"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"She is tempted to kill him herself, but instead reports his location to Sonny Nieminen, acting head of the Svavelsjö biker gang, and then reports the entire brawl to the police. She leaves before the stand-off concludes, satisfied that both Niedermann and the Svavelsjö bikers have been brought to justice. (She later learns that Niedermann was killed by the bikers, and Nieminen by the police while resisting arrest.) Back at her apartment in Stockholm, Salander receives a visit from Blomkvist. The story ends with the two reconciling. \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest\" was listed at the top of","psg_id":"13517323"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"a good review. Salander is described as \"one of the most original characters in a thriller to come along in a while\". The combination of her resourcefulness, intelligence and apparent fragility underlies her ability to win the battle to have her re-institutionalised. The compelling character of Salander and her past, completely explained in the volume of the trilogy, is a counterpoint to Blomkvist's more mundane character, writes the reviewer. The novel itself is compared to John LeCarre's cold-war thrillers. Writing for \"The Guardian\", Kate Mosse declares that \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest\" is a \"grown-up work for grown-up","psg_id":"13517325"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"most international (and Swedish) reviewers overlook is that the financial and moral corruptibility at the heart of \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" is so profound as to indict most attributes associated with contemporary Sweden as democratic and gender-equal. The novel is in fact far from what American critic Maureen Corrigan calls an \"unflinching ... commonsense feminist social commentary\". (Corrigan's article was \"Super-Smart Noir With a Feminist Jolt,\" National Public Radio, 23 September 2008.) Larsson further enters the debate as to how responsible criminals are for their crimes, and how much is blamed on upbringing or society. For instance, Salander","psg_id":"11377195"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)","text":"made available on the Sony Pictures FYC site as of February 6, 2012. Here, it was presented in chronological order from the film, and did not feature the Led Zeppelin cover performed by Trent Reznor and Karen O: Credits for \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" adapted from liner notes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is an ambient soundtrack by Trent Reznor (of Nine Inch Nails) and Atticus Ross, for David Fincher's film of the same name. It was released on December 9, 2011. This is the second soundtrack that Reznor and","psg_id":"16076369"},{"title":"The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)","text":"The Girl in the Spider's Web (film) The Girl in the Spider's Web is a 2018 crime thriller film directed by Fede Álvarez and written by Álvarez, Steven Knight, and Jay Basu, based on the novel of the same name by David Lagercrantz, which in turn is based on characters in the book series by Stieg Larsson. The film acts as both a soft-reboot and a sequel to David Fincher's \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\", as the second installment in the American-produced \"Millennium\" film series. It stars Claire Foy, taking over the role of Lisbeth Salander from Rooney Mara,","psg_id":"19130952"},{"title":"Stieg Larsson","text":"near the village of Bjursele in Norsjö Municipality, Västerbotten County. He attended the village school and used cross-country skis to get to and from school during the long, snowy winters in northern Sweden. He loved the experience of living there. In the book \"\"There Are Things I Want You to Know\" About Stieg Larsson and Me\", Eva Gabrielsson describes this as Larsson's motivation for setting part of his first novel \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" in northern Sweden, which Gabrielsson calls \"godforsaken places at the back of beyond.\" Larsson was not as fond of the urban environment in the","psg_id":"10243632"},{"title":"The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo","text":"The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo is a humorous autobiographical book by American stand-up comedian and actress Amy Schumer. It topped \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list shortly after its release in 2016. The book addresses subjects such as gun violence in the United States, sexual assault and consent, domestic violence, as well as more personal issues such as her troubled relationship with her mother and her father's multiple sclerosis. The book's title is a reference to \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". The book received generally favorable reviews from critics.","psg_id":"19681375"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)","text":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is an ambient soundtrack by Trent Reznor (of Nine Inch Nails) and Atticus Ross, for David Fincher's film of the same name. It was released on December 9, 2011. This is the second soundtrack that Reznor and Ross have worked on together, the previous being the Oscar-winning \"The Social Network\", also for Fincher. The album was released on Mute Records outside North America. The soundtrack is nearly three hours long, and includes covers of the Led Zeppelin track, \"Immigrant Song\", featuring Karen O of Yeah Yeah Yeahs,","psg_id":"16076358"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)","text":"release of David Fincher's 2011 film adaptation of the novel. In France, the audience of the Canal+ broadcast of the first part on 22 March 2010 was 1.2 million (18% of the channel's subscribers in the country) and the largest audience of a foreign series at Canal+ that year. A home video set of all six parts of the mini-series was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Music Box Home Entertainment on 6 December 2011. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (, literally \"Men who hate women\") is a 2009 Swedish","psg_id":"13449192"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"more. \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" received positive reviews from critics, with particular note to the cast, tone, score and cinematography. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 86%, based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's consensus states, \"Brutal yet captivating, \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" is the result of David Fincher working at his lurid best with total role commitment from star Rooney Mara.\" At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized score, the film received an average score of 71 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating \"generally","psg_id":"14835778"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"the books has characteristics similar to that of Larsson's magazine, \"Expo\", such as its socio-political leanings and its financial difficulties. Both Larsson's longtime partner Eva Gabrielsson and English translator Steven T. Murray have said that Christopher MacLehose (who works for British publisher Quercus) \"needlessly prettified\" the English translation; as such, Murray requested he be credited under the pseudonym \"Reg Keeland\". The English release also changed the title, even though Larsson specifically refused to allow the Swedish publisher to do so, and the size of Salander's dragon tattoo; from a large piece covering her entire back, to a small shoulder tattoo.","psg_id":"11377184"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"less optimistic about the production of the sequels, though she stated that she was still contractually signed on to reprise the lead role. By November 2015, it was announced that Sony was considering rebooting the franchise, before settling on continuing the film series with an adaptation of \"The Girl in the Spider's Web\". The story is based on a 2015 novel by David Lagercrantz that was a continuation of the original \"Millennium\" trilogy after series creator Stieg Larsson died in 2004. Looking for a new lead in the series, Alicia Vikander was considered by the studio. The following year, Fede","psg_id":"14835788"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"enjoyable and completely unnecessary\". Rene Rodriguez of \"The Miami Herald\" said that the \"fabulously sinister entertainment\" surpassed the original film \"in every way\". The film took two and a half stars from \"Rolling Stone\" commentator Peter Travers, who concluded: \"Fincher's \"Girl\" is gloriously rendered but too impersonal to leave a mark.\" A. O. Scott, writing for \"The New York Times\", admired the moments of \"brilliantly orchestrated\" anxiety and confusion, but felt that \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" was vulnerable to the \"lumbering proceduralism\" that he saw in its literary counterpart, as evident with the \"long stretches of drab, hackneyed","psg_id":"14835780"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"of all—author Larsson's penchant for always telling us exactly what we should be feeling.\" On the other hand, Dr. Abdallah Daar, writing for \"Nature\", said, \"The events surrounding the great-niece's disappearance are meticulously and ingeniously pieced together, with plenty of scientific insight.\" The \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" wrote, \"It's a big, intricately plotted, darkly humorous work, rich with ironies, quirky but believable characters and a literary playfulness that only a master of the genre and its history could bring off.\" As of 3 June 2011, \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" had sold over 3.4 million copies in hardcover or ebook formats,","psg_id":"11377201"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"readers\", which she says shows a well-presented plausible narrative. \"The Los Angeles Times\" disagrees, describing the plots as \"improbable\", but notes the popularity of the series, referring to it as \"an authentic phenomenon\". Writing for \"The Washington Post,\" Patrick Anderson claims the third in the series \"brings the saga to a satisfactory conclusion\". The overly long and complicated plot is criticised by Marcel Berlins writing for \"The Sunday Times\". The \"Los Angeles Times\" critic agrees, pointing at the implausibility of Larsson's plot, the weak writing and characterisations. Larsson submitted the book to two Swedish publishers, with Norstedts Förlag accepting the","psg_id":"13517326"},{"title":"30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Craig Moss and starring Kathryn Fiore, Flip Schultz, and Olivia Alexander. The film parodies several films and generally follows the plots of \"Paranormal Activity\" and \"The Devil Inside\". After living in a psychiatric hospital, Dana (Kathryn Fiore) along with her husband, Aaron (Flip Schultz) attempt to move into their new house where her father (French Stewart) has murdered the entire cast of","psg_id":"17121254"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)","text":"an ever-evolving array of further background music accompanied to various film stills. Following a hidden clue on \"...Comes Forth in theThaw\", the website http://www.whatishiddeninsnow.com was found, which led to a series of treasure trails around the world, finding pieces from the film as part of an Alternate Reality Game promotion. The album's art was created by Nine Inch Nails and How to Destroy Angels' creative director Rob Sheridan and Neil Kellerhouse. \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" was opened for pre-orders online on December 2, 2011, on Reznor's independent label website Null Corporation in a number of different formats at","psg_id":"16076363"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)","text":"168 reviews, with an average score of 7.2/10 and declares it \"Certified Fresh\". The critical consensus is: \"Its graphic violence and sprawling length will prove too much for some viewers to take, but Noomi Rapace's gripping performance makes \"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\" an unforgettable viewing experience.\" Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 76% based on reviews from 36 critics. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film four out of four stars, noting that \"[the film] is a compelling thriller to begin with, but it adds the rare quality of having a heroine more","psg_id":"13449190"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"respectively. In its second week in France it descended to number three, with a total gross of $5.8 million. The next major international release came in Japan on February 13, where it opened in first place with $3.68 million (¥288 million) in 431 theaters. By the weekend of February 17–19, the film had scooped up $119.5 million from international markets. The total international gross for \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" was $130.1 million. MGM, one of the studios involved in the production, posted a \"modest loss\" and declared that they had expected the film to gross at least 10%","psg_id":"14835777"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)","text":"Blomkvist publishes a new story on Wennerström in \"Millennium\" which ruins Wennerström and makes the magazine a national sensation. Wennerström is then found dead presumably by suicide. His offshore bank account in the Cayman Islands is raided, and the police suspect a young woman caught on CCTV, whom Blomkvist recognises as Salander in disguise. The film ends with Salander, dressed in disguise as she exits her car, walking along a sunny beach promenade. \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" was well received by critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a normalized score of 86% based on","psg_id":"13449189"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"1, 2012, and Japan on February 13. India and Vietnam releases were abandoned due to censorship concerns. A press statement from the Central Board of Film Certification stated: \"Sony Pictures will not be releasing The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in India. The censor board has judged the film unsuitable for public viewing in its unaltered form and, while we are committed to maintaining and protecting the vision of the director, we will, as always, respect the guidelines set by the board.\" In contrast, the National Film Board of Vietnam insisted that the film's withdrawal had no relation to rigid","psg_id":"14835771"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"welcome humor in Mikael's impassive affect\". In his 2016 assessment of Craig's career for Taste of Cinema, Eoghan Lyng ranked this portrayal as one of his best. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" said the film was given a more assured quality than the original because of Fincher's direction and the lead performances, although he believed this did not always work to the film's advantage, preferring the original version's \"less confident surface\" where \"emotions were closer to the surface.\" In addition to numerous awards, \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" was included on several year-end lists by film commentators and","psg_id":"14835784"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"are shuffled around, and that can get pretty frustrating when you get precious about your work. It was a lesson we learned pretty quickly of, 'Everything is in flux, and approach it as such. Hopefully it’ll work out in the end.'\" A screening for \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" took place on November 28, 2011, as part of a critics-only event hosted by the New York Film Critics Circle. Commentators at the event predicted that while the film would become a contender for several accolades, it would likely not become a forerunner in the pursuit for Academy Award nominations.","psg_id":"14835769"},{"title":"The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo","text":"and that \"even the parts that veer into the former are witty enough to make you glad you stuck around.\" Lincee Ray of the Associated Press said that \"readers will laugh and cry, and may put the book down from moments of honesty that result in uncomfortable realistic details from her life.\" In 2017, the audiobook, read by Amy, was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo is a humorous autobiographical book by American stand-up comedian and","psg_id":"19681377"},{"title":"The Girl Who Played with Fire","text":"\"The Bookseller\" magazine) the first and only translated novel to be number one in the UK hardback chart. The novel is formally divided into a prologue followed by four parts. The prologue of the book opens with a girl captured and restrained inside a dark room by an unidentified male. To cope with being captured, she mentally replays a past episode when she threw a milk carton filled with gasoline onto another man inside a car and tossed an ignited match onto him. After finishing the job on the Wennerström affair (described in \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\"), Lisbeth","psg_id":"12775413"},{"title":"30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"\"The Artist\" during his exorcism. Dana finds herself dealing with various others who live in the house, including an evil spirit and a teenage daughter (Olivia Alexander) who is infatuated with their neighbor Abraham Lincoln (Ben Morrison). \"Exclaim!\" gave the film a two out of ten rating, stating that \"Somewhere buried underneath all of the terrible references and non-sequiturs are maybe one or two chuckles that weren't elicited without a fair amount of shame and guilt.\" 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside","psg_id":"17121255"},{"title":"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"reviewing her (Jami Reid-Quarrell) might not be who he appears to be. The title is inspired by the novel and films \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". Ram struggles to recover from the attack at the prom. Coach Dawson scolds him for poor performance in football and demotes him to the second string team. That week, Ram witnesses a creature attack both the assistant coach and a school cleaner, but struggles to find evidence of their deaths after the fact, leading him to question his sanity. Tanya, Charlie, and April investigate on his behalf, and learn that a dragon manifesting","psg_id":"19750768"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list. Alex Berenson wrote in \"The New York Times\", \"The novel offers a thoroughly ugly view of human nature\"; while it \"opens with an intriguing mystery\" and the \"middle section of \"Girl\" is a treat, the rest of the novel doesn't quite measure up. The book's original Swedish title was \"Men Who Hate Women\", a label that just about captures the subtlety of the novel's sexual politics.\" The \"Los Angeles Times\" said \"the book takes off, in the fourth chapter: From there, it becomes classic parlor crime fiction with many modern twists...The writing","psg_id":"11377199"},{"title":"Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis","text":"and is accidentally bitten off by the repeated action of it moving against his growing incisor teeth. In the first-season episode \"The Courier (No. 85)\" of the TV series \"The Blacklist\" a criminal transporter (played by Robert Knepper) is diagnosed with congenital anhidrosis. In the Japanese visual novel \"Dramatical Murder\", the character Noiz suffers from CIPA and participates in the fighting simulation called Rhyme in order to feel the illusion of pain. Ronald Niedermann is an antagonistic character in Stieg Larsson novel \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\", a criminal that born with a \"rare condition\" that makes him","psg_id":"4009503"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"to grant. The incident, he said, haunted him for years afterward and in part inspired him to create a character named Lisbeth who was also a rape survivor. The veracity of this story has been questioned since Larsson's death, after a colleague from \"Expo\" magazine reported to \"Rolling Stone\" that Larsson had told him he had heard the story secondhand and retold it as his own. The murder of Catrine da Costa was also an inspiration when he wrote the book. With the exception of the fictional Hedestad, the novel takes place in actual Swedish towns. The magazine \"Millennium\" in","psg_id":"11377183"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"Amazon.com's bestseller list before arriving in bookstores, extremely unusual for an English-language book in translation. Just as unusually, this book was not made available in paperback until 21 February 2012, or more than two years after its original English-language publication in October 2009, probably because it still regularly appeared in Top 10 best seller lists as a hardcover book (e.g., rated #5 in the \"New York Times\" best seller list for the week ending 29 January 2012). The \"Millennium\" series is described in a \"The New York Times\" review as \"utterly addicting\", and this, the third in the series, received","psg_id":"13517324"},{"title":"The Bat (novel)","text":"Norway after all.\" Andy Hoban of \"Sunday Express\" noted \"Nesbo’s principal characters are both credible and well-drawn and it is fantastic to see a younger Harry, a more loquacious Harry. The Bat explains some of what burdens and drives him in the later books. So for anyone new to Nesbo, you are in for a treat if you follow Harry’s career beginning with this book. For me, the biggest insult to Nesbo was to see him advertised as “the next Stieg Larsson” when in fact The Bat was written eight years before The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo. Still, now","psg_id":"3595729"},{"title":"The Girl in the Spider's Web","text":"The Girl in the Spider's Web The Girl in the Spider's Web (original title in , literally \"That which does not kill us\") is the fourth novel in the \"Millennium\" series. It focuses on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the first novel in the series not authored by the series' creator and author of the first three \"Millennium\" books, Stieg Larsson, who died of a heart attack in 2004. The novel was released worldwide on 27 August 2015, except in the United States, where it was released on 1 September 2015. In","psg_id":"18688288"},{"title":"The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye","text":"The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye (original title in , literally \"The Man Who Chased His Shadow\") is the fifth novel in the \"Millennium\" series, focusing on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the second novel in the series not authored by the series' creator and author of the first three \"Millennium\" books, Stieg Larsson, who died of a heart attack in 2004. The novel was released worldwide on 7 September 2017. Following the events in Lagercrantz’s first novel in the","psg_id":"20344683"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"misdirection by claiming that the two hitmen simply had the bad luck to stop for a meal at the same restaurant as the police officers. Berger, meanwhile, intuits Figuerola's and Blomkvist's affair, and promises Figuerola to stay clear of Blomkvist as long as they are together. The first two days of Salander's trial, on various counts of aggravated violence, proceed with relative calm. However, on the third day, \"Millennium\"s dual book-and-magazine exposé is published, the officers of the Section are arrested, Channel TV4 runs an hour-long program on the Section using (pre-recorded) interviews and material from Blomkvist, and Giannini systematically","psg_id":"13517319"},{"title":"The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)","text":"cellphone. Seeing through her bluff, he shoots Lisbeth several times as she attempts to escape and buries her alive. Salander digs her way out using her cigarette case. Hidden in the woodshed, she surprises Zalachenko sticking an axe into his leg. She then keeps Niedermann at bay with Zalachenko's gun as Blomkvist comes coasting up the driveway. Ambulances and police arrive to take away Salander and Zalachenko who are both very badly injured. Daniel Alfredson takes over from Niels Arden Oplev, who directed \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\", the first part of the trilogy. The film received mostly positive","psg_id":"13741457"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"and Zalachenko. They form a working alliance with the unsuspecting prosecutor of Salander's case, Richard Ekström. Dr. Peter Teleborian, the psychiatrist who supervised Salander when she was previously institutionalised on the Section's orders, provides Ekström with a false psychiatric examination and recommends that she be reinstitutionalised, preferably without a trial. Gullberg, who has terminal cancer, murders Zalachenko in his hospital bed and attempts to enter Salander's room to murder her, but is prevented by Giannini. Gullberg then commits suicide in the passage outside Salander's room. A distraught Giannini informs Blomkvist of the shootings. Section operatives murder Gunnar Björk, the junior","psg_id":"13517310"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)","text":"work and more ambitious even than NIN’s \"Ghosts\".\" Cottingham asserted that \"Dragon Tattoo\", \"most(ly) recalls Reznor’s soundtrack for \"Quake\" in the late 90’s, where space and silence played a role as great as any multitrack in conveying tension and unsettling the mood. At times tender but mostly pretty terrifying, this needs to be heard somewhere loud, and preferably with an exit in easy reach.\" Conversely professional film music critics like Christian Clemmensen, of Filmtracks, and Jonathan Broxton, of Movie Music UK, dismissed it entirely, the latter considering the score as: \"little more than a series of ambient drones, overlaid with","psg_id":"16076367"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"Säpo officer who had handled Zalachenko after the latter's defection and who was Blomkvist's source of information about the Section; the operatives falsify the death as a suicide. Other Section operatives burgle Blomkvist's apartment and mug Annika Giannini, specifically making off with copies of the classified Säpo file that contains Zalachenko's identity, and plant bugs in the homes and phones of \"Millennium\" staff. The timing of the attacks and the property that was taken cause Blomkvist to realise that the phones are tapped, and he begins to investigate the Section in earnest for a \"Millennium\" exposé. Blomkvist hires Dragan Armansky's","psg_id":"13517311"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)","text":"various price points. The digital copy was released on December 9, whilst retail copies of the album were distributed by Mute Records on December 27 in CD format followed by the \"Deluxe\" edition on February 6. The smallest \"Dragon Tattoo\" package contains the entire album in 320 kbit/s MP3 format made available for download directly from the website for US$12. A lossless digital version includes a choice of Apple Lossless or FLAC for US$14. A standard physical version is available for US$14 and includes three audio CDs stored in an eight panel digipak with custom \"ice\" slipcase and a six","psg_id":"16076364"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"discovers that being a \"legally responsible citizen\" involves its share of toil and drudgery. As Zalachenko's daughter, Salander is obliged to inherit half of his properties and wealth, while the other half goes to her twin sister Camilla, whom no one has heard from in more than a decade. Suspicious about an abandoned factory in her father's estate, she goes there to investigate. There, she discovers two dead women, and Niedermann, who had been hiding there from the police. After a brief struggle and chase, Salander outwits Niedermann by nailing his feet to the plank floor with a nail gun.","psg_id":"13517322"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"Milton Security to handle countersurveillance. Armansky, on his own initiative, informs Säpo Constitutional Protection Director Torsten Edklinth about the constitutional violations. Edklinth, along with his assistant Monica Figuerola, begins a clandestine investigation into the Section. After Figuerola confirms the allegations, Edklinth contacts the Justice Minister and the Prime Minister who approve a full investigation by Constitutional Protection, and later invite Blomkvist to a confidential meeting in which they are to share information. They agree to Blomkvist's deadline—he intends to publish his findings about the state's manipulation of Salander's constitutional rights on 15 July, the third day of her trial, and","psg_id":"13517312"},{"title":"The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)","text":"to the United States with August, Needham attempts to access Firefall, only to discover Lisbeth has already destroyed it, citing it is what Balder would have wanted, while Lisbeth later burns down her childhood home to destroy all traces of her father. In November 2015, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" announced that Sony Pictures Entertainment was planning to develop a new film series of the \"Millennium\" series, starting from the book \"The Girl in the Spider's Web\" by David Lagercrantz. Rooney Mara and Daniel Craig, who portrayed Salander and Blomkvist, respectively, in \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\", would not be back","psg_id":"19130960"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"labour in Vietnam. His research reveals that the boss of said firm is Magnus Borgsjö, who is CEO and major shareholder at \"S.M.P.\" and hired Berger for her new position. Blomkvist gives a copy of the story to Berger, agreeing to delay its publication until August while she confronts Borgsjö and convinces him to resign gracefully. Berger begins receiving graphic e-mails and threats from an anonymous source within \"S.M.P.\", most of them calling her a \"whore.\" Erika asks her staff to remain on alert, but matters escalate when the stalker breaks into Berger's home and steals private materials, such as","psg_id":"13517315"},{"title":"The Lincoln Lawyer","text":"directed by Brad Furman from a screenplay by John Romano, and produced by Stone Village Pictures. Lionsgate holds the US distribution rights, and Lakeshore Entertainment holds international rights. The novel received a lot of attention from the mystery community. It won the 2006 Shamus Award and Macavity Award for \"Best Novel\". It was also nominated in the 2006 Anthony Awards for the same honour. Additionally, in 2010 it was nominated in the \"Best Mystery Novel of the Decade\" category of the Barry Awards, although lost to Stieg Larsson with his \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". The Lincoln Lawyer The","psg_id":"10511924"},{"title":"The Mermaids Singing","text":"The Mermaids Singing The Mermaids Singing (1995) is a crime novel by Scottish author Val McDermid. The first featuring her recurring protagonist, Dr. Tony Hill, it was adapted into the pilot episode of ITV1's television series based on McDermid's work, \"Wire in the Blood\", starring Robson Green and Hermione Norris. The title is part of the fifth line from the poem \"Song\" by John Donne, that was referenced in a poem by T. S. Eliot, \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\". It was referenced in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson. In the fictional English city","psg_id":"12424323"},{"title":"The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)","text":"reviews from critics, although some noted it a step down from its predecessor. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 69% based on 156 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film three and a half out of four stars, describing the film as a step down from \"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\", but only because the first film was so \"fresh and unexpected\". A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" praised Rapace's performance, stating, \"tiny and agile, her steely rage showing now and","psg_id":"13741458"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"destroys Teleborian's testimony, proving that the Section and Teleborian had conspired to commit Salander at age 12 to protect Zalachenko, that Salander's rights had been repeatedly violated, and that they were once again conspiring against her. Blomkvist and Edklinth provide evidence proving that Teleborian's recent \"psychiatric assessment\" of Salander was fabricated and that he is working with the Section to silence her. Teleborian is then arrested for possession of child pornography, which was found on his computer by Salander and her hacker friends, Plague and Trinity. Ekström, realising that the law is (or should be) on Salander's side, withdraws all","psg_id":"13517320"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"high school love letters, a sex tape made with her husband Greger Beckman, and her copy of Cortez's story. Berger engages Milton Security to help secure her home, and Armansky sends over former police officer Susanne Linder to provide protection while Beckman is abroad on business. Salander, whilst engaged in her own homework, discovers Berger's plight and mobilises the \"Hacker Republic,\" an elite and international group of computer wizards, to assist. They determine that Peter Fredriksson, \"S.M.P.\" employee and former high school classmate of Berger, is the culprit. Linder steps outside the law to confront Fredriksson and recovers Berger's things.","psg_id":"13517316"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"the government agree to arrest any identified ringleaders of the Section at the same time. Blomkvist convinces Salander's doctor, Dr. Anders Jonasson, to return her Palm Tungsten handheld computer to her. Blomkvist arranges to have a cellular phone placed in a duct near Salander's room, granting her Internet access through the resulting hotspot, which she uses to maintain contact with the outside world and work on a statement for her upcoming trial. Jonasson also helps her fake complications from her surgery, so that she can remain in the hospital's custody (and out of the police's). Meanwhile, Blomkvist, Armansky, Bublanski, Edklinth","psg_id":"13517313"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"However, Fredriksson has already passed \"Millennium\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> exposé on to Borgsjö. Borgsjö orders Berger to suppress the story at \"Millennium\" or lose her job at \"S.M.P.\" Berger, her sense of journalistic integrity offended, instead runs the story in that day's issue of \"S.M.P.\" under Cortez's byline, and then resigns in protest over both this and her treatment by upper management. Borgsjö and Fredriksson are both forced out, whilst Berger is accepted back at \"Millennium\" with open arms. As Salander's trial approaches, the Section abruptly realise that Blomkvist's and \"Millennium\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> seeming lack of preparation are simply a cover story for their (successful,","psg_id":"13517317"},{"title":"Stieg Larsson","text":"\"A Taste for Death\". Stieg Larsson was the first author to sell more than one million e-books on Amazon.com. Since 2009 Larsson's family and Norstedts have instituted an annual award of 200,000 Swedish Krona in memory of him. The prize is awarded to a person or organisation working in Stieg Larsson's spirit. The recipient in 2015 was Chinese author Yang Jisheng for his notable work \"Tombstone\" which describes the consequences of The Three Years of Great Chinese Famine. The \"Millennium series\": Science fiction fanzines: Other: Stieg Larsson Karl Stig-Erland \"Stieg\" Larsson (; ; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004)","psg_id":"10243651"},{"title":"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo \"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo\" is the second episode of the British science fiction television series \"Class\". It was released online by BBC Three on 22 October 2016. \"Class\" follows four students of Coal Hill Academy and their alien teacher, as they deal with various alien threats. In this episode, the students, while trying to get over the traumatic events of the previous episode, must find and defeat a dragon-like alien of unknown origin who brutally murders people of the Academy. Meanwhile, Miss Quill (Katherine Kelly) feels that the inspector in charge of","psg_id":"19750767"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"Álvarez was announced by Sony as director, as well as co-screenwriter with Steven Knight and Jay Basu. \"The Girl in the Spider's Web\" was notably the first adaptation of an installment in the book series to be produced into an English-language film upon its initial release. By March 2017, Álvarez announced that the film would have an entirely new cast, as he wanted the entire film to be his interpretation of the story. In September of the same year, Claire Foy was cast as Lisbeth Salander, replacing Mara, with the film scheduled to be released in the U.S. on November","psg_id":"14835789"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"guy' detective, while also personifying the popular roles of the victim, the outcast and the avenger.\" In this context, she discusses \"Dialogues with Greek tragedy... namely Salander's struggles with strong father figures.\" Sampaio also argues, Larsson writes within the novel, in Chapter 12, \"It's actually a fascinating case. What I believe is known as a locked room mystery, on an island. And nothing in the investigation seems to follow normal logic. Every question remains unanswered, every clue leads to a dead end.\" He supplies a family tree delineating the relationships of five generations of the Vanger family. The novel was","psg_id":"11377197"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"run after murdering a police officer, and carjacking and kidnapping a woman during his escape. Niedermann seeks help from his old friends at the outlaw Svavelsjö Motorcycle Club, kills the treasurer, and steals 800,000 kronor before disappearing. These events prompt immediate action from \"the Section\", a secret division of Swedish Security Service (Säpo) created for purposes of counterintelligence, and responsible for Zalachenko's asylum and supervision. Evert Gullberg, founder and former chief of the Section, asks former Section associate Fredrik Clinton to become acting head of the Section and plots to deflect attention away from the Section by silencing Salander, Blomkvist,","psg_id":"13517309"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"if now detected) campaign of misinformation. Clinton, having no idea what Blomkvist knows or plans to publish, arranges to plant cocaine in Blomkvist's apartment and simultaneously hire two members of the Yugoslav mafia to murder him; their intention is to frame him as a drug dealer and thus destroy his credibility. The former is easily undermined by the security cameras installed by Milton Security, which capture the plant; the latter requires the intervention of Figuerola, Andersson, Modig and several others from both Säpo and Milton. Blomkvist and Berger are spirited off to a Milton safehouse, allowing Säpo to further the","psg_id":"13517318"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest","text":"and their allies continue their joint counter-surveillance of the \"Zalachenko club,\" feeding them misinformation about \"Millennium\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> (supposed) passivity regarding Salander's trial. They identify nine central players in the Section. Additionally, Blomkvist and Figuerola become romantically involved. Whilst all of the above is going on, Erika Berger leaves \"Millennium\" to be editor-in-chief at Sweden's largest daily paper, the (fictional) \"Svenska Morgon-Posten\" (\"S.M.P.\"). Though the board hired her to revitalise the paper's sagging circulation numbers, they shut down her every proposal, emphasising profits over sustainability. Meanwhile, Henry Cortez, junior \"Millennium\" reporter, uncovers a story about a Swedish toilet-manufacturing company that engages child","psg_id":"13517314"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"crimes. Blomkvist publishes an article that ruins Wennerström, who immediately flees the country. Salander hacks into Wennerström's bank accounts and, travelling to Switzerland in disguise, transfers two billion euros to various accounts. Wennerström is murdered by an unknown person. Salander reveals to her former guardian Holger Palmgren that she has made a friend and is happy. On her way to give Blomkvist a Christmas present, Salander sees him together with Erika, though he had said he was going to see his daughter that evening. Heartbroken, Salander discards the gift and rides away. The success of Stieg Larsson's novel created Hollywood","psg_id":"14835746"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"secret bank account. Blomkvist and Salander spend Christmas together in his holiday retreat. Shortly after, she goes to Blomkvist's home, intending to declare her love for him, but leaves when she sees him with his long-time lover and business partner Erika Berger. As a postscript, Salander continues to monitor Wennerström and after six months, anonymously informs a lawyer in Miami of his whereabouts. Four days later the body of Wennerström is found in Marbella, Spain, shot three times in the head. Larsson makes several literary references to the genre's classic forerunners and comments on contemporary Swedish society. Reviewer Robert Dessaix","psg_id":"11377193"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo","text":"stroke, and is replaced by Nils Bjurman, who uses his position to extort sexual favors from her and eventually rapes her. After using a hidden camera to record her assault, Salander takes her revenge, torturing Bjurman and threatening to ruin him unless he gives her full control of her life and finances. She then uses a tattoo machine to brand him as a rapist. On Hedeby Island, Blomkvist pursues new evidence in Harriet's disappearance, including photographs showing Harriet's discomfort at the sight of a young man. He also discovers a set of names and numbers believed to be old telephone","psg_id":"11377187"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)","text":"showing her state-appointed guardian Nils Bjurman raping her; Bjurman, a former Section employee, is one of the people she is accused of murdering. Ronald Niedermann, Zalachenko's son and enforcer who previously tried to kill Salander's girlfriend Miriam, has remained a fugitive, wanted for killing a police officer. Sonny, of an outlaw motorcycle gang that Salander encountered in the previous film, is informed that Niedermann went to his home to hide out. There, Sonny finds his brother dead and his girlfriend badly injured. She tells him that Niedermann was the culprit, and Sonny vows revenge. On the day of her murder","psg_id":"13741522"},{"title":"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)","text":"he then commits suicide. Clinton plans to have Salander recommitted to the mental hospital where the Section had her institutionalized as a child after she nearly killed Zalachenko. His collaborator in this plan is Dr. Peter Teleborian, the hospital's administrator, who \"treated\" the young Salander by putting her in restraints for the smallest infractions. Blomkvist persuades her doctor to sneak an Internet phone into Salander's room, whereupon Salander contacts her fellow hacker, Plague, to see if he can find something on Teleborian. She then tells Blomkvist that Annika Giannini, her lawyer and Blomkvist's sister, has permission to use a video","psg_id":"13741521"},{"title":"The Girl in the Spider's Web","text":"Scott Rudin, Søren Stærmose, Ole Søndberg, Amy Pascal, Elizabeth Cantillon, Eli Bush, and Berna Levin produced the film, which is executive produced by Anni Faurbye Fernandez, Line Winther Skyum Funch, Johannes Jensen, and \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" director David Fincher. The Girl in the Spider's Web The Girl in the Spider's Web (original title in , literally \"That which does not kill us\") is the fourth novel in the \"Millennium\" series. It focuses on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the first novel in the series not authored by the series'","psg_id":"18688301"},{"title":"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)","text":"as far more feral and vulnerable than Noomi Rapace’s borderline-stereotype sexpot Goth girl.\" Scott Tobias of \"The A.V. Club\" enjoyed the chemistry between Mara and Craig, as did David Germain of the Associated Press; \"Mara and Craig make an indomitable screen pair, he nominally leading their intense search into decades-old serial killings, she surging ahead, plowing through obstacles with flashes of phenomenal intellect and eruptions of physical fury.\" Although Puig found Mara inferior to Rapace in playing Salander, with regard to Craig's performance, he said that the actor shone. This was supported by Morgenstern, who avouched that Craig \"nonetheless finds","psg_id":"14835783"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"manuscript for publication. Norstedts commissioned Steve Murray under the pen-name of Reg Keeland to undertake the English translation. Alfred A. Knopf bought the rights to the book, along with the preceding two volumes in the series, after Larsson's death in 2004. \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\" was published with a first print-run of 800,000 copies. The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (original title in , literally, \\\"the air castle that was blown up\\\") is the third novel in the best-selling \\\"Millennium\\\" series by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson. It was published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the third section, writes Koskinen, is a skeleton (of the book's power). Besides, she notes, \\\"one sees Noomi Rapace far too little.\\\" The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film) The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest ( = English: \\\"The castle in the sky that blew up\\\") is a 2009 Swedish drama thriller film directed by Daniel Alfredson. It is based on the bestselling novel of the same name by the late Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson, the third entry in his \\\"Millennium\\\" series. The film was also the last film for veteran actor Per Oscarsson, who died\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"and 15 million copies altogether, in the United States. Wiley published a collection of essays, edited by Eric Bronson, titled \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Philosophy\\\" (2011). The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in ; in English: Men Who Hate Women) is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954–2004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller. It is the first book of the \\\"Millennium\\\" series. Larsson spoke of an incident which he said occurred when he was 15: he stood by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in ; in English: Men Who Hate Women) is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954–2004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller. It is the first book of the \\\"Millennium\\\" series. Larsson spoke of an incident which he said occurred when he was 15: he stood by as three men gang raped an acquaintance of his named Lisbeth. Days later, racked with guilt for having done nothing to help her, he begged her forgiveness—which she refused\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (, literally \\\"Men who hate women\\\") is a 2009 Swedish drama thriller film based on the novel of the same name by Swedish author/journalist Stieg Larsson. It is the first book in the trilogy known as the \\\"Millennium\\\" series, published in Sweden in 2005. By August 2009, it had been sold to 25 countries outside Scandinavia and had been seen by more than 6 million people in the countries where it was already released. Directed by Niels Arden Oplev, the film stars Michael Nyqvist and Noomi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13449175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2011 psychological crime thriller film based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Stieg Larsson. This film adaptation was directed by David Fincher and written by Steven Zaillian. Starring Daniel Craig as journalist Mikael Blomkvist and Rooney Mara as Lisbeth Salander, it tells the story of Blomkvist's investigation to find out what happened to a woman from a wealthy family who disappeared 40 years prior. He recruits the help of Salander, a computer hacker. Sony Pictures Entertainment began development on the film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"9, 2018. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2011 psychological crime thriller film based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Stieg Larsson. This film adaptation was directed by David Fincher and written by Steven Zaillian. Starring Daniel Craig as journalist Mikael Blomkvist and Rooney Mara as Lisbeth Salander, it tells the story of Blomkvist's investigation to find out what happened to a woman from a wealthy family who disappeared 40 years prior. He recruits the help of Salander, a computer hacker. Sony Pictures Entertainment began development on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stieg Larsson\",\n \"text\": \"Stieg Larsson Karl Stig-Erland \\\"Stieg\\\" Larsson (; ; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He is best known for writing the \\\"Millennium\\\" trilogy of crime novels, which were published posthumously and adapted as motion pictures. Larsson lived much of his life in Stockholm and worked there with socialist politics and journalism, including as an independent researcher of right-wing extremism. He was the second best-selling author in the world for 2008, behind Khaled Hosseini. The third novel in the \\\"Millennium\\\" trilogy, \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\", became the most sold book in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10243630\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)\",\n \"text\": \"a score of 53% based on 125 reviews, with an average score of 5.8/10, the consensus being, \\\"Slow and mostly devoid of the stellar chemistry between its two leads, \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\" is a disappointingly uneven conclusion to the Millennium trilogy.\\\" Despite the low rating, the film did receive positive reviews from such noteworthy critics as Peter Travers, James Berardinelli, and Roger Ebert, who gave the film three out of four stars, stating, \\\"These are all very well-made films. Like most European films, they have adults who are grown-ups, not arrested adolescents. Mikael and Erika, his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)\",\n \"text\": \"film was released in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark on 29 November 2009, and in Finland and Iceland in January 2010. The film was subsequently released in other European countries throughout the spring and summer of 2010. The film opened the Scottsdale (Arizona) International Film Festival on 1 October 2010, and was screened on 13 October 2010 at the Mill Valley (California) Film Festival; the film then had a limited release in United States and Canadian theaters beginning 29 October 2010. \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741525\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stieg Larsson\",\n \"text\": \"Up\\\"), published in English as \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\", was published in the United Kingdom in October 2009 and the United States in May 2010. Larsson left about three quarters of a fourth novel on a notebook computer, now possessed by his partner, Eva Gabrielsson: synopses or manuscripts of the fifth and sixth in the series, which he intended to comprise an eventual total of ten books, may also exist. Gabrielsson has stated in her book, \\\"\\\"There Are Things I Want You to Know\\\" About Stieg Larsson and Me\\\" (2011) that she is capable of finishing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10243644\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"released to great acclaim in Sweden and later, on its publication in many other European countries. In the original language, it won Sweden's Glass Key Award in 2006 for best crime novel of the year. It also won the 2008 Boeke Prize, and in 2009 the Galaxy British Book Awards for Books Direct Crime Thriller of the Year, and the prestigious Anthony Award for Best First Novel. Larsson was awarded the ITV3 Crime Thriller Award for International Author of the Year in 2008. \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" received mixed reviews from American critics. It debuted at number four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"charges against her, and her declaration of incompetence is rescinded. With the evidence and credibility of the prosecution shattered, the prosecutor drops all charges against Salander. Freed, Salander embarks on an overseas trip to forget the events. She spends several months at Gibraltar, among other things to pay a visit to the man managing the billions she had stolen from Hans-Erik Wennerström in \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\". She also tracks down Miriam Wu, who is studying at a university in Paris, and apologises for putting her life in danger during the events of \\\"Played With Fire\\\". Salander soon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"She is tempted to kill him herself, but instead reports his location to Sonny Nieminen, acting head of the Svavelsjö biker gang, and then reports the entire brawl to the police. She leaves before the stand-off concludes, satisfied that both Niedermann and the Svavelsjö bikers have been brought to justice. (She later learns that Niedermann was killed by the bikers, and Nieminen by the police while resisting arrest.) Back at her apartment in Stockholm, Salander receives a visit from Blomkvist. The story ends with the two reconciling. \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest\\\" was listed at the top of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"a good review. Salander is described as \\\"one of the most original characters in a thriller to come along in a while\\\". The combination of her resourcefulness, intelligence and apparent fragility underlies her ability to win the battle to have her re-institutionalised. The compelling character of Salander and her past, completely explained in the volume of the trilogy, is a counterpoint to Blomkvist's more mundane character, writes the reviewer. The novel itself is compared to John LeCarre's cold-war thrillers. Writing for \\\"The Guardian\\\", Kate Mosse declares that \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest\\\" is a \\\"grown-up work for grown-up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"most international (and Swedish) reviewers overlook is that the financial and moral corruptibility at the heart of \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" is so profound as to indict most attributes associated with contemporary Sweden as democratic and gender-equal. The novel is in fact far from what American critic Maureen Corrigan calls an \\\"unflinching ... commonsense feminist social commentary\\\". (Corrigan's article was \\\"Super-Smart Noir With a Feminist Jolt,\\\" National Public Radio, 23 September 2008.) Larsson further enters the debate as to how responsible criminals are for their crimes, and how much is blamed on upbringing or society. For instance, Salander\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)\",\n \"text\": \"made available on the Sony Pictures FYC site as of February 6, 2012. Here, it was presented in chronological order from the film, and did not feature the Led Zeppelin cover performed by Trent Reznor and Karen O: Credits for \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" adapted from liner notes: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is an ambient soundtrack by Trent Reznor (of Nine Inch Nails) and Atticus Ross, for David Fincher's film of the same name. It was released on December 9, 2011. This is the second soundtrack that Reznor and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16076369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl in the Spider's Web (film) The Girl in the Spider's Web is a 2018 crime thriller film directed by Fede Álvarez and written by Álvarez, Steven Knight, and Jay Basu, based on the novel of the same name by David Lagercrantz, which in turn is based on characters in the book series by Stieg Larsson. The film acts as both a soft-reboot and a sequel to David Fincher's \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\", as the second installment in the American-produced \\\"Millennium\\\" film series. It stars Claire Foy, taking over the role of Lisbeth Salander from Rooney Mara,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19130952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stieg Larsson\",\n \"text\": \"near the village of Bjursele in Norsjö Municipality, Västerbotten County. He attended the village school and used cross-country skis to get to and from school during the long, snowy winters in northern Sweden. He loved the experience of living there. In the book \\\"\\\"There Are Things I Want You to Know\\\" About Stieg Larsson and Me\\\", Eva Gabrielsson describes this as Larsson's motivation for setting part of his first novel \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" in northern Sweden, which Gabrielsson calls \\\"godforsaken places at the back of beyond.\\\" Larsson was not as fond of the urban environment in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10243632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo is a humorous autobiographical book by American stand-up comedian and actress Amy Schumer. It topped \\\"The New York Times\\\" Best Seller list shortly after its release in 2016. The book addresses subjects such as gun violence in the United States, sexual assault and consent, domestic violence, as well as more personal issues such as her troubled relationship with her mother and her father's multiple sclerosis. The book's title is a reference to \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\". The book received generally favorable reviews from critics.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681375\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is an ambient soundtrack by Trent Reznor (of Nine Inch Nails) and Atticus Ross, for David Fincher's film of the same name. It was released on December 9, 2011. This is the second soundtrack that Reznor and Ross have worked on together, the previous being the Oscar-winning \\\"The Social Network\\\", also for Fincher. The album was released on Mute Records outside North America. The soundtrack is nearly three hours long, and includes covers of the Led Zeppelin track, \\\"Immigrant Song\\\", featuring Karen O of Yeah Yeah Yeahs,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16076358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)\",\n \"text\": \"release of David Fincher's 2011 film adaptation of the novel. In France, the audience of the Canal+ broadcast of the first part on 22 March 2010 was 1.2 million (18% of the channel's subscribers in the country) and the largest audience of a foreign series at Canal+ that year. A home video set of all six parts of the mini-series was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Music Box Home Entertainment on 6 December 2011. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (, literally \\\"Men who hate women\\\") is a 2009 Swedish\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13449192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"more. \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" received positive reviews from critics, with particular note to the cast, tone, score and cinematography. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 86%, based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's consensus states, \\\"Brutal yet captivating, \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" is the result of David Fincher working at his lurid best with total role commitment from star Rooney Mara.\\\" At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized score, the film received an average score of 71 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating \\\"generally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"the books has characteristics similar to that of Larsson's magazine, \\\"Expo\\\", such as its socio-political leanings and its financial difficulties. Both Larsson's longtime partner Eva Gabrielsson and English translator Steven T. Murray have said that Christopher MacLehose (who works for British publisher Quercus) \\\"needlessly prettified\\\" the English translation; as such, Murray requested he be credited under the pseudonym \\\"Reg Keeland\\\". The English release also changed the title, even though Larsson specifically refused to allow the Swedish publisher to do so, and the size of Salander's dragon tattoo; from a large piece covering her entire back, to a small shoulder tattoo.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377184\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"less optimistic about the production of the sequels, though she stated that she was still contractually signed on to reprise the lead role. By November 2015, it was announced that Sony was considering rebooting the franchise, before settling on continuing the film series with an adaptation of \\\"The Girl in the Spider's Web\\\". The story is based on a 2015 novel by David Lagercrantz that was a continuation of the original \\\"Millennium\\\" trilogy after series creator Stieg Larsson died in 2004. Looking for a new lead in the series, Alicia Vikander was considered by the studio. The following year, Fede\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835788\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"enjoyable and completely unnecessary\\\". Rene Rodriguez of \\\"The Miami Herald\\\" said that the \\\"fabulously sinister entertainment\\\" surpassed the original film \\\"in every way\\\". The film took two and a half stars from \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" commentator Peter Travers, who concluded: \\\"Fincher's \\\"Girl\\\" is gloriously rendered but too impersonal to leave a mark.\\\" A. O. Scott, writing for \\\"The New York Times\\\", admired the moments of \\\"brilliantly orchestrated\\\" anxiety and confusion, but felt that \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" was vulnerable to the \\\"lumbering proceduralism\\\" that he saw in its literary counterpart, as evident with the \\\"long stretches of drab, hackneyed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"of all—author Larsson's penchant for always telling us exactly what we should be feeling.\\\" On the other hand, Dr. Abdallah Daar, writing for \\\"Nature\\\", said, \\\"The events surrounding the great-niece's disappearance are meticulously and ingeniously pieced together, with plenty of scientific insight.\\\" The \\\"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\\\" wrote, \\\"It's a big, intricately plotted, darkly humorous work, rich with ironies, quirky but believable characters and a literary playfulness that only a master of the genre and its history could bring off.\\\" As of 3 June 2011, \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" had sold over 3.4 million copies in hardcover or ebook formats,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"readers\\\", which she says shows a well-presented plausible narrative. \\\"The Los Angeles Times\\\" disagrees, describing the plots as \\\"improbable\\\", but notes the popularity of the series, referring to it as \\\"an authentic phenomenon\\\". Writing for \\\"The Washington Post,\\\" Patrick Anderson claims the third in the series \\\"brings the saga to a satisfactory conclusion\\\". The overly long and complicated plot is criticised by Marcel Berlins writing for \\\"The Sunday Times\\\". The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" critic agrees, pointing at the implausibility of Larsson's plot, the weak writing and characterisations. Larsson submitted the book to two Swedish publishers, with Norstedts Förlag accepting the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517326\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Craig Moss and starring Kathryn Fiore, Flip Schultz, and Olivia Alexander. The film parodies several films and generally follows the plots of \\\"Paranormal Activity\\\" and \\\"The Devil Inside\\\". After living in a psychiatric hospital, Dana (Kathryn Fiore) along with her husband, Aaron (Flip Schultz) attempt to move into their new house where her father (French Stewart) has murdered the entire cast of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17121254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)\",\n \"text\": \"an ever-evolving array of further background music accompanied to various film stills. Following a hidden clue on \\\"...Comes Forth in theThaw\\\", the website http://www.whatishiddeninsnow.com was found, which led to a series of treasure trails around the world, finding pieces from the film as part of an Alternate Reality Game promotion. The album's art was created by Nine Inch Nails and How to Destroy Angels' creative director Rob Sheridan and Neil Kellerhouse. \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" was opened for pre-orders online on December 2, 2011, on Reznor's independent label website Null Corporation in a number of different formats at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16076363\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)\",\n \"text\": \"168 reviews, with an average score of 7.2/10 and declares it \\\"Certified Fresh\\\". The critical consensus is: \\\"Its graphic violence and sprawling length will prove too much for some viewers to take, but Noomi Rapace's gripping performance makes \\\"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\\\" an unforgettable viewing experience.\\\" Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 76% based on reviews from 36 critics. Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave the film four out of four stars, noting that \\\"[the film] is a compelling thriller to begin with, but it adds the rare quality of having a heroine more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13449190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"respectively. In its second week in France it descended to number three, with a total gross of $5.8 million. The next major international release came in Japan on February 13, where it opened in first place with $3.68 million (¥288 million) in 431 theaters. By the weekend of February 17–19, the film had scooped up $119.5 million from international markets. The total international gross for \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" was $130.1 million. MGM, one of the studios involved in the production, posted a \\\"modest loss\\\" and declared that they had expected the film to gross at least 10%\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Blomkvist publishes a new story on Wennerström in \\\"Millennium\\\" which ruins Wennerström and makes the magazine a national sensation. Wennerström is then found dead presumably by suicide. His offshore bank account in the Cayman Islands is raided, and the police suspect a young woman caught on CCTV, whom Blomkvist recognises as Salander in disguise. The film ends with Salander, dressed in disguise as she exits her car, walking along a sunny beach promenade. \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" was well received by critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a normalized score of 86% based on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13449189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"1, 2012, and Japan on February 13. India and Vietnam releases were abandoned due to censorship concerns. A press statement from the Central Board of Film Certification stated: \\\"Sony Pictures will not be releasing The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in India. The censor board has judged the film unsuitable for public viewing in its unaltered form and, while we are committed to maintaining and protecting the vision of the director, we will, as always, respect the guidelines set by the board.\\\" In contrast, the National Film Board of Vietnam insisted that the film's withdrawal had no relation to rigid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"welcome humor in Mikael's impassive affect\\\". In his 2016 assessment of Craig's career for Taste of Cinema, Eoghan Lyng ranked this portrayal as one of his best. Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" said the film was given a more assured quality than the original because of Fincher's direction and the lead performances, although he believed this did not always work to the film's advantage, preferring the original version's \\\"less confident surface\\\" where \\\"emotions were closer to the surface.\\\" In addition to numerous awards, \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" was included on several year-end lists by film commentators and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"are shuffled around, and that can get pretty frustrating when you get precious about your work. It was a lesson we learned pretty quickly of, 'Everything is in flux, and approach it as such. Hopefully it’ll work out in the end.'\\\" A screening for \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" took place on November 28, 2011, as part of a critics-only event hosted by the New York Film Critics Circle. Commentators at the event predicted that while the film would become a contender for several accolades, it would likely not become a forerunner in the pursuit for Academy Award nominations.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"and that \\\"even the parts that veer into the former are witty enough to make you glad you stuck around.\\\" Lincee Ray of the Associated Press said that \\\"readers will laugh and cry, and may put the book down from moments of honesty that result in uncomfortable realistic details from her life.\\\" In 2017, the audiobook, read by Amy, was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo is a humorous autobiographical book by American stand-up comedian and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681377\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Played with Fire\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Bookseller\\\" magazine) the first and only translated novel to be number one in the UK hardback chart. The novel is formally divided into a prologue followed by four parts. The prologue of the book opens with a girl captured and restrained inside a dark room by an unidentified male. To cope with being captured, she mentally replays a past episode when she threw a milk carton filled with gasoline onto another man inside a car and tossed an ignited match onto him. After finishing the job on the Wennerström affair (described in \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\"), Lisbeth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12775413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Artist\\\" during his exorcism. Dana finds herself dealing with various others who live in the house, including an evil spirit and a teenage daughter (Olivia Alexander) who is infatuated with their neighbor Abraham Lincoln (Ben Morrison). \\\"Exclaim!\\\" gave the film a two out of ten rating, stating that \\\"Somewhere buried underneath all of the terrible references and non-sequiturs are maybe one or two chuckles that weren't elicited without a fair amount of shame and guilt.\\\" 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17121255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"reviewing her (Jami Reid-Quarrell) might not be who he appears to be. The title is inspired by the novel and films \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\". Ram struggles to recover from the attack at the prom. Coach Dawson scolds him for poor performance in football and demotes him to the second string team. That week, Ram witnesses a creature attack both the assistant coach and a school cleaner, but struggles to find evidence of their deaths after the fact, leading him to question his sanity. Tanya, Charlie, and April investigate on his behalf, and learn that a dragon manifesting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19750768\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"on \\\"The New York Times\\\" Best Seller list. Alex Berenson wrote in \\\"The New York Times\\\", \\\"The novel offers a thoroughly ugly view of human nature\\\"; while it \\\"opens with an intriguing mystery\\\" and the \\\"middle section of \\\"Girl\\\" is a treat, the rest of the novel doesn't quite measure up. The book's original Swedish title was \\\"Men Who Hate Women\\\", a label that just about captures the subtlety of the novel's sexual politics.\\\" The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" said \\\"the book takes off, in the fourth chapter: From there, it becomes classic parlor crime fiction with many modern twists...The writing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis\",\n \"text\": \"and is accidentally bitten off by the repeated action of it moving against his growing incisor teeth. In the first-season episode \\\"The Courier (No. 85)\\\" of the TV series \\\"The Blacklist\\\" a criminal transporter (played by Robert Knepper) is diagnosed with congenital anhidrosis. In the Japanese visual novel \\\"Dramatical Murder\\\", the character Noiz suffers from CIPA and participates in the fighting simulation called Rhyme in order to feel the illusion of pain. Ronald Niedermann is an antagonistic character in Stieg Larsson novel \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\", a criminal that born with a \\\"rare condition\\\" that makes him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4009503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"to grant. The incident, he said, haunted him for years afterward and in part inspired him to create a character named Lisbeth who was also a rape survivor. The veracity of this story has been questioned since Larsson's death, after a colleague from \\\"Expo\\\" magazine reported to \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" that Larsson had told him he had heard the story secondhand and retold it as his own. The murder of Catrine da Costa was also an inspiration when he wrote the book. With the exception of the fictional Hedestad, the novel takes place in actual Swedish towns. The magazine \\\"Millennium\\\" in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"Amazon.com's bestseller list before arriving in bookstores, extremely unusual for an English-language book in translation. Just as unusually, this book was not made available in paperback until 21 February 2012, or more than two years after its original English-language publication in October 2009, probably because it still regularly appeared in Top 10 best seller lists as a hardcover book (e.g., rated #5 in the \\\"New York Times\\\" best seller list for the week ending 29 January 2012). The \\\"Millennium\\\" series is described in a \\\"The New York Times\\\" review as \\\"utterly addicting\\\", and this, the third in the series, received\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bat (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Norway after all.\\\" Andy Hoban of \\\"Sunday Express\\\" noted \\\"Nesbo’s principal characters are both credible and well-drawn and it is fantastic to see a younger Harry, a more loquacious Harry. The Bat explains some of what burdens and drives him in the later books. So for anyone new to Nesbo, you are in for a treat if you follow Harry’s career beginning with this book. For me, the biggest insult to Nesbo was to see him advertised as “the next Stieg Larsson” when in fact The Bat was written eight years before The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo. Still, now\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3595729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl in the Spider's Web\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl in the Spider's Web The Girl in the Spider's Web (original title in , literally \\\"That which does not kill us\\\") is the fourth novel in the \\\"Millennium\\\" series. It focuses on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the first novel in the series not authored by the series' creator and author of the first three \\\"Millennium\\\" books, Stieg Larsson, who died of a heart attack in 2004. The novel was released worldwide on 27 August 2015, except in the United States, where it was released on 1 September 2015. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18688288\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye\",\n \"text\": \"The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye (original title in , literally \\\"The Man Who Chased His Shadow\\\") is the fifth novel in the \\\"Millennium\\\" series, focusing on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the second novel in the series not authored by the series' creator and author of the first three \\\"Millennium\\\" books, Stieg Larsson, who died of a heart attack in 2004. The novel was released worldwide on 7 September 2017. Following the events in Lagercrantz’s first novel in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20344683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"misdirection by claiming that the two hitmen simply had the bad luck to stop for a meal at the same restaurant as the police officers. Berger, meanwhile, intuits Figuerola's and Blomkvist's affair, and promises Figuerola to stay clear of Blomkvist as long as they are together. The first two days of Salander's trial, on various counts of aggravated violence, proceed with relative calm. However, on the third day, \\\"Millennium\\\"s dual book-and-magazine exposé is published, the officers of the Section are arrested, Channel TV4 runs an hour-long program on the Section using (pre-recorded) interviews and material from Blomkvist, and Giannini systematically\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517319\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)\",\n \"text\": \"cellphone. Seeing through her bluff, he shoots Lisbeth several times as she attempts to escape and buries her alive. Salander digs her way out using her cigarette case. Hidden in the woodshed, she surprises Zalachenko sticking an axe into his leg. She then keeps Niedermann at bay with Zalachenko's gun as Blomkvist comes coasting up the driveway. Ambulances and police arrive to take away Salander and Zalachenko who are both very badly injured. Daniel Alfredson takes over from Niels Arden Oplev, who directed \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\", the first part of the trilogy. The film received mostly positive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"and Zalachenko. They form a working alliance with the unsuspecting prosecutor of Salander's case, Richard Ekström. Dr. Peter Teleborian, the psychiatrist who supervised Salander when she was previously institutionalised on the Section's orders, provides Ekström with a false psychiatric examination and recommends that she be reinstitutionalised, preferably without a trial. Gullberg, who has terminal cancer, murders Zalachenko in his hospital bed and attempts to enter Salander's room to murder her, but is prevented by Giannini. Gullberg then commits suicide in the passage outside Salander's room. A distraught Giannini informs Blomkvist of the shootings. Section operatives murder Gunnar Björk, the junior\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)\",\n \"text\": \"work and more ambitious even than NIN’s \\\"Ghosts\\\".\\\" Cottingham asserted that \\\"Dragon Tattoo\\\", \\\"most(ly) recalls Reznor’s soundtrack for \\\"Quake\\\" in the late 90’s, where space and silence played a role as great as any multitrack in conveying tension and unsettling the mood. At times tender but mostly pretty terrifying, this needs to be heard somewhere loud, and preferably with an exit in easy reach.\\\" Conversely professional film music critics like Christian Clemmensen, of Filmtracks, and Jonathan Broxton, of Movie Music UK, dismissed it entirely, the latter considering the score as: \\\"little more than a series of ambient drones, overlaid with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16076367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"Säpo officer who had handled Zalachenko after the latter's defection and who was Blomkvist's source of information about the Section; the operatives falsify the death as a suicide. Other Section operatives burgle Blomkvist's apartment and mug Annika Giannini, specifically making off with copies of the classified Säpo file that contains Zalachenko's identity, and plant bugs in the homes and phones of \\\"Millennium\\\" staff. The timing of the attacks and the property that was taken cause Blomkvist to realise that the phones are tapped, and he begins to investigate the Section in earnest for a \\\"Millennium\\\" exposé. Blomkvist hires Dragan Armansky's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)\",\n \"text\": \"various price points. The digital copy was released on December 9, whilst retail copies of the album were distributed by Mute Records on December 27 in CD format followed by the \\\"Deluxe\\\" edition on February 6. The smallest \\\"Dragon Tattoo\\\" package contains the entire album in 320 kbit/s MP3 format made available for download directly from the website for US$12. A lossless digital version includes a choice of Apple Lossless or FLAC for US$14. A standard physical version is available for US$14 and includes three audio CDs stored in an eight panel digipak with custom \\\"ice\\\" slipcase and a six\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16076364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"discovers that being a \\\"legally responsible citizen\\\" involves its share of toil and drudgery. As Zalachenko's daughter, Salander is obliged to inherit half of his properties and wealth, while the other half goes to her twin sister Camilla, whom no one has heard from in more than a decade. Suspicious about an abandoned factory in her father's estate, she goes there to investigate. There, she discovers two dead women, and Niedermann, who had been hiding there from the police. After a brief struggle and chase, Salander outwits Niedermann by nailing his feet to the plank floor with a nail gun.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"Milton Security to handle countersurveillance. Armansky, on his own initiative, informs Säpo Constitutional Protection Director Torsten Edklinth about the constitutional violations. Edklinth, along with his assistant Monica Figuerola, begins a clandestine investigation into the Section. After Figuerola confirms the allegations, Edklinth contacts the Justice Minister and the Prime Minister who approve a full investigation by Constitutional Protection, and later invite Blomkvist to a confidential meeting in which they are to share information. They agree to Blomkvist's deadline—he intends to publish his findings about the state's manipulation of Salander's constitutional rights on 15 July, the third day of her trial, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)\",\n \"text\": \"to the United States with August, Needham attempts to access Firefall, only to discover Lisbeth has already destroyed it, citing it is what Balder would have wanted, while Lisbeth later burns down her childhood home to destroy all traces of her father. In November 2015, \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" announced that Sony Pictures Entertainment was planning to develop a new film series of the \\\"Millennium\\\" series, starting from the book \\\"The Girl in the Spider's Web\\\" by David Lagercrantz. Rooney Mara and Daniel Craig, who portrayed Salander and Blomkvist, respectively, in \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\", would not be back\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19130960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"labour in Vietnam. His research reveals that the boss of said firm is Magnus Borgsjö, who is CEO and major shareholder at \\\"S.M.P.\\\" and hired Berger for her new position. Blomkvist gives a copy of the story to Berger, agreeing to delay its publication until August while she confronts Borgsjö and convinces him to resign gracefully. Berger begins receiving graphic e-mails and threats from an anonymous source within \\\"S.M.P.\\\", most of them calling her a \\\"whore.\\\" Erika asks her staff to remain on alert, but matters escalate when the stalker breaks into Berger's home and steals private materials, such as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Lincoln Lawyer\",\n \"text\": \"directed by Brad Furman from a screenplay by John Romano, and produced by Stone Village Pictures. Lionsgate holds the US distribution rights, and Lakeshore Entertainment holds international rights. The novel received a lot of attention from the mystery community. It won the 2006 Shamus Award and Macavity Award for \\\"Best Novel\\\". It was also nominated in the 2006 Anthony Awards for the same honour. Additionally, in 2010 it was nominated in the \\\"Best Mystery Novel of the Decade\\\" category of the Barry Awards, although lost to Stieg Larsson with his \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\". The Lincoln Lawyer The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10511924\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Mermaids Singing\",\n \"text\": \"The Mermaids Singing The Mermaids Singing (1995) is a crime novel by Scottish author Val McDermid. The first featuring her recurring protagonist, Dr. Tony Hill, it was adapted into the pilot episode of ITV1's television series based on McDermid's work, \\\"Wire in the Blood\\\", starring Robson Green and Hermione Norris. The title is part of the fifth line from the poem \\\"Song\\\" by John Donne, that was referenced in a poem by T. S. Eliot, \\\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\\\". It was referenced in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson. In the fictional English city\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12424323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)\",\n \"text\": \"reviews from critics, although some noted it a step down from its predecessor. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 69% based on 156 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave the film three and a half out of four stars, describing the film as a step down from \\\"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\\\", but only because the first film was so \\\"fresh and unexpected\\\". A. O. Scott of \\\"The New York Times\\\" praised Rapace's performance, stating, \\\"tiny and agile, her steely rage showing now and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"destroys Teleborian's testimony, proving that the Section and Teleborian had conspired to commit Salander at age 12 to protect Zalachenko, that Salander's rights had been repeatedly violated, and that they were once again conspiring against her. Blomkvist and Edklinth provide evidence proving that Teleborian's recent \\\"psychiatric assessment\\\" of Salander was fabricated and that he is working with the Section to silence her. Teleborian is then arrested for possession of child pornography, which was found on his computer by Salander and her hacker friends, Plague and Trinity. Ekström, realising that the law is (or should be) on Salander's side, withdraws all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"high school love letters, a sex tape made with her husband Greger Beckman, and her copy of Cortez's story. Berger engages Milton Security to help secure her home, and Armansky sends over former police officer Susanne Linder to provide protection while Beckman is abroad on business. Salander, whilst engaged in her own homework, discovers Berger's plight and mobilises the \\\"Hacker Republic,\\\" an elite and international group of computer wizards, to assist. They determine that Peter Fredriksson, \\\"S.M.P.\\\" employee and former high school classmate of Berger, is the culprit. Linder steps outside the law to confront Fredriksson and recovers Berger's things.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517316\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"the government agree to arrest any identified ringleaders of the Section at the same time. Blomkvist convinces Salander's doctor, Dr. Anders Jonasson, to return her Palm Tungsten handheld computer to her. Blomkvist arranges to have a cellular phone placed in a duct near Salander's room, granting her Internet access through the resulting hotspot, which she uses to maintain contact with the outside world and work on a statement for her upcoming trial. Jonasson also helps her fake complications from her surgery, so that she can remain in the hospital's custody (and out of the police's). Meanwhile, Blomkvist, Armansky, Bublanski, Edklinth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"However, Fredriksson has already passed \\\"Millennium\\\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> exposé on to Borgsjö. Borgsjö orders Berger to suppress the story at \\\"Millennium\\\" or lose her job at \\\"S.M.P.\\\" Berger, her sense of journalistic integrity offended, instead runs the story in that day's issue of \\\"S.M.P.\\\" under Cortez's byline, and then resigns in protest over both this and her treatment by upper management. Borgsjö and Fredriksson are both forced out, whilst Berger is accepted back at \\\"Millennium\\\" with open arms. As Salander's trial approaches, the Section abruptly realise that Blomkvist's and \\\"Millennium\\\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> seeming lack of preparation are simply a cover story for their (successful,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stieg Larsson\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Taste for Death\\\". Stieg Larsson was the first author to sell more than one million e-books on Amazon.com. Since 2009 Larsson's family and Norstedts have instituted an annual award of 200,000 Swedish Krona in memory of him. The prize is awarded to a person or organisation working in Stieg Larsson's spirit. The recipient in 2015 was Chinese author Yang Jisheng for his notable work \\\"Tombstone\\\" which describes the consequences of The Three Years of Great Chinese Famine. The \\\"Millennium series\\\": Science fiction fanzines: Other: Stieg Larsson Karl Stig-Erland \\\"Stieg\\\" Larsson (; ; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10243651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo \\\"The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" is the second episode of the British science fiction television series \\\"Class\\\". It was released online by BBC Three on 22 October 2016. \\\"Class\\\" follows four students of Coal Hill Academy and their alien teacher, as they deal with various alien threats. In this episode, the students, while trying to get over the traumatic events of the previous episode, must find and defeat a dragon-like alien of unknown origin who brutally murders people of the Academy. Meanwhile, Miss Quill (Katherine Kelly) feels that the inspector in charge of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19750767\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Álvarez was announced by Sony as director, as well as co-screenwriter with Steven Knight and Jay Basu. \\\"The Girl in the Spider's Web\\\" was notably the first adaptation of an installment in the book series to be produced into an English-language film upon its initial release. By March 2017, Álvarez announced that the film would have an entirely new cast, as he wanted the entire film to be his interpretation of the story. In September of the same year, Claire Foy was cast as Lisbeth Salander, replacing Mara, with the film scheduled to be released in the U.S. on November\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"guy' detective, while also personifying the popular roles of the victim, the outcast and the avenger.\\\" In this context, she discusses \\\"Dialogues with Greek tragedy... namely Salander's struggles with strong father figures.\\\" Sampaio also argues, Larsson writes within the novel, in Chapter 12, \\\"It's actually a fascinating case. What I believe is known as a locked room mystery, on an island. And nothing in the investigation seems to follow normal logic. Every question remains unanswered, every clue leads to a dead end.\\\" He supplies a family tree delineating the relationships of five generations of the Vanger family. The novel was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"run after murdering a police officer, and carjacking and kidnapping a woman during his escape. Niedermann seeks help from his old friends at the outlaw Svavelsjö Motorcycle Club, kills the treasurer, and steals 800,000 kronor before disappearing. These events prompt immediate action from \\\"the Section\\\", a secret division of Swedish Security Service (Säpo) created for purposes of counterintelligence, and responsible for Zalachenko's asylum and supervision. Evert Gullberg, founder and former chief of the Section, asks former Section associate Fredrik Clinton to become acting head of the Section and plots to deflect attention away from the Section by silencing Salander, Blomkvist,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"if now detected) campaign of misinformation. Clinton, having no idea what Blomkvist knows or plans to publish, arranges to plant cocaine in Blomkvist's apartment and simultaneously hire two members of the Yugoslav mafia to murder him; their intention is to frame him as a drug dealer and thus destroy his credibility. The former is easily undermined by the security cameras installed by Milton Security, which capture the plant; the latter requires the intervention of Figuerola, Andersson, Modig and several others from both Säpo and Milton. Blomkvist and Berger are spirited off to a Milton safehouse, allowing Säpo to further the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\",\n \"text\": \"and their allies continue their joint counter-surveillance of the \\\"Zalachenko club,\\\" feeding them misinformation about \\\"Millennium\\\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> (supposed) passivity regarding Salander's trial. They identify nine central players in the Section. Additionally, Blomkvist and Figuerola become romantically involved. Whilst all of the above is going on, Erika Berger leaves \\\"Millennium\\\" to be editor-in-chief at Sweden's largest daily paper, the (fictional) \\\"Svenska Morgon-Posten\\\" (\\\"S.M.P.\\\"). Though the board hired her to revitalise the paper's sagging circulation numbers, they shut down her every proposal, emphasising profits over sustainability. Meanwhile, Henry Cortez, junior \\\"Millennium\\\" reporter, uncovers a story about a Swedish toilet-manufacturing company that engages child\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13517314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"crimes. Blomkvist publishes an article that ruins Wennerström, who immediately flees the country. Salander hacks into Wennerström's bank accounts and, travelling to Switzerland in disguise, transfers two billion euros to various accounts. Wennerström is murdered by an unknown person. Salander reveals to her former guardian Holger Palmgren that she has made a friend and is happy. On her way to give Blomkvist a Christmas present, Salander sees him together with Erika, though he had said he was going to see his daughter that evening. Heartbroken, Salander discards the gift and rides away. The success of Stieg Larsson's novel created Hollywood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"secret bank account. Blomkvist and Salander spend Christmas together in his holiday retreat. Shortly after, she goes to Blomkvist's home, intending to declare her love for him, but leaves when she sees him with his long-time lover and business partner Erika Berger. As a postscript, Salander continues to monitor Wennerström and after six months, anonymously informs a lawyer in Miami of his whereabouts. Four days later the body of Wennerström is found in Marbella, Spain, shot three times in the head. Larsson makes several literary references to the genre's classic forerunners and comments on contemporary Swedish society. Reviewer Robert Dessaix\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\",\n \"text\": \"stroke, and is replaced by Nils Bjurman, who uses his position to extort sexual favors from her and eventually rapes her. After using a hidden camera to record her assault, Salander takes her revenge, torturing Bjurman and threatening to ruin him unless he gives her full control of her life and finances. She then uses a tattoo machine to brand him as a rapist. On Hedeby Island, Blomkvist pursues new evidence in Harriet's disappearance, including photographs showing Harriet's discomfort at the sight of a young man. He also discovers a set of names and numbers believed to be old telephone\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)\",\n \"text\": \"showing her state-appointed guardian Nils Bjurman raping her; Bjurman, a former Section employee, is one of the people she is accused of murdering. Ronald Niedermann, Zalachenko's son and enforcer who previously tried to kill Salander's girlfriend Miriam, has remained a fugitive, wanted for killing a police officer. Sonny, of an outlaw motorcycle gang that Salander encountered in the previous film, is informed that Niedermann went to his home to hide out. There, Sonny finds his brother dead and his girlfriend badly injured. She tells him that Niedermann was the culprit, and Sonny vows revenge. On the day of her murder\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)\",\n \"text\": \"he then commits suicide. Clinton plans to have Salander recommitted to the mental hospital where the Section had her institutionalized as a child after she nearly killed Zalachenko. His collaborator in this plan is Dr. Peter Teleborian, the hospital's administrator, who \\\"treated\\\" the young Salander by putting her in restraints for the smallest infractions. Blomkvist persuades her doctor to sneak an Internet phone into Salander's room, whereupon Salander contacts her fellow hacker, Plague, to see if he can find something on Teleborian. She then tells Blomkvist that Annika Giannini, her lawyer and Blomkvist's sister, has permission to use a video\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13741521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl in the Spider's Web\",\n \"text\": \"Scott Rudin, Søren Stærmose, Ole Søndberg, Amy Pascal, Elizabeth Cantillon, Eli Bush, and Berna Levin produced the film, which is executive produced by Anni Faurbye Fernandez, Line Winther Skyum Funch, Johannes Jensen, and \\\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\\\" director David Fincher. The Girl in the Spider's Web The Girl in the Spider's Web (original title in , literally \\\"That which does not kill us\\\") is the fourth novel in the \\\"Millennium\\\" series. It focuses on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the first novel in the series not authored by the series'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18688301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"as far more feral and vulnerable than Noomi Rapace’s borderline-stereotype sexpot Goth girl.\\\" Scott Tobias of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" enjoyed the chemistry between Mara and Craig, as did David Germain of the Associated Press; \\\"Mara and Craig make an indomitable screen pair, he nominally leading their intense search into decades-old serial killings, she surging ahead, plowing through obstacles with flashes of phenomenal intellect and eruptions of physical fury.\\\" Although Puig found Mara inferior to Rapace in playing Salander, with regard to Craig's performance, he said that the actor shone. This was supported by Morgenstern, who avouched that Craig \\\"nonetheless finds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14835783\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the girl who played with fire","girl who played with fire","the girl who played with fire","flickan som lekte med elden","tgwpwf","dimensions in mathematics","l. c. parnault","alexander zalachenko"],"string":"[\n \"the girl who played with fire\",\n \"girl who played with fire\",\n \"the girl who played with fire\",\n \"flickan som lekte med elden\",\n \"tgwpwf\",\n \"dimensions in mathematics\",\n \"l. c. parnault\",\n \"alexander zalachenko\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78281,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"the maine coon is a breed of what popular pet?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Maine Coon","text":"three times, which led to the formation of the Maine Coon Cat Club in 1973. The breed was finally accepted by the CFA under provisional status on 1 May 1975, and was approved for championship status on 1 May 1976. The next couple of decades saw a rise in popularity of the Maine Coon, with championship victories and an increase in national rankings. In 1985, the state of Maine announced that the breed would be named the official state cat. Today the Maine Coon is the third most popular cat breed, according to the number of kittens registered with the","psg_id":"784891"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Maine Coon\",\n \"text\": \"three times, which led to the formation of the Maine Coon Cat Club in 1973. The breed was finally accepted by the CFA under provisional status on 1 May 1975, and was approved for championship status on 1 May 1976. The next couple of decades saw a rise in popularity of the Maine Coon, with championship victories and an increase in national rankings. In 1985, the state of Maine announced that the breed would be named the official state cat. Today the Maine Coon is the third most popular cat breed, according to the number of kittens registered with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"784891\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Maine Coon","text":"cited as having \"dog-like\" characteristics. Professionals notice certain health problems in the breed including feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hip dysplasia, but reputable breeders use modern screening methods to minimize the frequency of these problems. The ancestral origins of the Maine Coon are unknown — there are only speculation and folk tales. One such folk tale involves Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, who was executed in 1793. The story goes that before her death, Antoinette attempted to escape France with the help of Captain Samuel Clough. She loaded Clough's ship with her most prized possessions, including six of her favorite","psg_id":"784884"},{"title":"Coon song","text":"the term had been associated with the Whig Party. The Whigs used a raccoon as its emblem, but also had a more tolerant attitude towards blacks than the other political factions. The latter opinion is likely what transformed the term \"coon\" from mere political slang into a racial slur. It is possible that the popularity of coon songs may be explained in part by their historical timing: coon songs arose precisely as the popular music business exploded in Tin Pan Alley. However, James Dormon, a former professor of history and American studies at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, has also","psg_id":"10222899"},{"title":"The Races of Europe (Coon)","text":"The Races of Europe (Coon) The Races of Europe is a popular work of physical anthropology by Carleton S. Coon. It was first published in 1939 by Macmillan. In 1933, the Harvard anthropologist Carleton S. Coon was invited to write a new edition of William Z. Ripley's 1899 \"The Races of Europe\", which Coon dedicated to Ripley. Coon's entirely rewritten version of the book was published in 1939. At the time, he explicitly avoided the discussion of either blood groups or race and intelligence, the latter of which he claimed to know \"next to nothing about\" at the time. The","psg_id":"14470842"},{"title":"The Races of Europe (Coon)","text":"conclusions from the book entail the following: In \"The Races of Europe\", Coon classified Caucasoids into racial sub-groups named after regions or archaeological sites, expanding the tripartite system Mediterranean-Alpine-Nordic of Ripley (1899) by types such as Brünn, Borreby, Ladogan, East Baltic, Neo-Danubian, Lappish, Atlanto-Mediterranean, Iranid, Hallstatt, Keltic, Tronder, Dinaric, Noric and Armenoid. The Races of Europe (Coon) The Races of Europe is a popular work of physical anthropology by Carleton S. Coon. It was first published in 1939 by Macmillan. In 1933, the Harvard anthropologist Carleton S. Coon was invited to write a new edition of William Z. Ripley's 1899","psg_id":"14470843"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"to ignore other animals such as opossums, whitetail deer and rabbits, which are colloquially called \"trash\". Inadvertent hunting or running of deer by coonhounds is particularly problematic for hunters, as hunting deer with dogs is illegal in most states. Modern coon hunting is practiced with the use of a trained dog or dogs. While historically coon hunting dogs were of any breed, modern coon dogs are almost always members of the scenthound subgroup called coonhounds. There are six distinct breeds of coonhound developed specifically to hunt climbing game by scent; Black and Tan Coonhound, Redbone Coonhound, Bluetick Coonhound, English Coonhound,","psg_id":"19799677"},{"title":"Breed club (dog)","text":"research on breed-specific health issues. Breed clubs for agricultural stock breeds became popular social clubs in England in the late 18th century and early 19th century. The first breed club for chickens, for example, was formed in 1815 as an elite and expensive activity. By the mid-19th century, dog shows were becoming a pastime in Victorian England, and the bulldog was a popular pet. In order to make the bulldog breed smaller and more gentle, crossbreeding with pugs and other types of dogs was being done, leading to the formation of the first breed club, the Bulldog Club, in 1864,","psg_id":"13050449"},{"title":"Coon song","text":"the 1920s. Black songwriters and performers who participated in the creation of coon songs profited commercially, enabling them to go on to develop a new type of African American musical theater based at least in part on African-American traditions. Coon songs also contributed to the mainstream acceptance of ragtime music, paving the way for the acceptance of other African-American music. Ernest Hogan, when discussing his \"All Coons Look Alike to Me\" shortly before his death, commented: Coon songs became tremendously popular in Britain after the 1880s. The role of racial stereotyping in Britain was different from what it was in","psg_id":"10222907"},{"title":"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon","text":"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon \"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\" was a song written by Will A. Heelan, and J. Fred Helf that was popular in the United States and the United Kingdom. The song followed the previous success of \"All Coons Look Alike to Me\", written in 1896 by Ernest Hogan. H. L. Mencken cites it as being one of the three coon songs which \"firmly established the term \"coon\" in the American vocabulary\". The song was a musical hit of the day by A. M. Rothschild and Company in 1901. New York's","psg_id":"10995195"},{"title":"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon","text":"World\" weekly newspaper, Marcus Garvey was quoted as saying, The lyrics to \"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\" include the musical meme \"four eleven forty four\". Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon \"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\" was a song written by Will A. Heelan, and J. Fred Helf that was popular in the United States and the United Kingdom. The song followed the previous success of \"All Coons Look Alike to Me\", written in 1896 by Ernest Hogan. H. L. Mencken cites it as being one of the three coon songs which","psg_id":"10995198"},{"title":"What Pet Should I Get?","text":"What Pet Should I Get? What Pet Should I Get? is a Dr. Seuss children's book, posthumously published in 2015. Believed to have been written between 1958 and 1962, the book chronicles the adventures of Jay and Kay from Seuss' \"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\" in their attempts to buy a pet. In a pet store, a young brother and sister (Jay and Kay) are trying to choose a pet. They consider a vast array of possible pets as their deadline of noon approaches. Finally, they settle on a pet whose identity remains unrevealed. After Theodor Seuss","psg_id":"18602878"},{"title":"Breed club (dog)","text":"puppies to brokers and pet shops, so large commercial puppy producers do not belong to breed clubs, although they may register their puppies with a national kennel club. Purchasers of puppies and dogs should research the background and affiliations of kennels. In general, when a newly created \"rare\" breed or newly rediscovered landrace or natural breed becomes popular enough, groups of breeders will join together in a club or association, and write a breed standard for their breed. In the standard the club members will define the breed's eternally observable appearance, often in great detail. The standard may also include","psg_id":"13050452"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"for children who hunt or own coonhounds. In addition to the larger all-breed hunts, the UKC also holds a number of nite hunts each year that are breed-specific, meaning that they are limited to dogs of only one breed. The Southeastern Treeing Walker Conference is an example of this. The American Kennel Club and other kennel clubs also sanction coon hunting competitions. While killing raccoons is legal during the hunting season, typically September to February, some hunters merely tree the raccoon and then leave it unharmed. In competitive hunts, where the objective is to demonstrate the skill of the dog,","psg_id":"19799684"},{"title":"What Pet Should I Get?","text":"saying that \"the book is, if not top-flight Seuss, a very good example of his particular genius for distilling both the spirit of his times and the timeless mind-set of children.\" What Pet Should I Get? What Pet Should I Get? is a Dr. Seuss children's book, posthumously published in 2015. Believed to have been written between 1958 and 1962, the book chronicles the adventures of Jay and Kay from Seuss' \"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\" in their attempts to buy a pet. In a pet store, a young brother and sister (Jay and Kay) are trying","psg_id":"18602882"},{"title":"Hypoallergenic dog breed","text":"dog allergic individual. While \"allergy shots\" can reduce many individuals' dog-allergic reactions, the most common approach remains avoidance. There have been recent studies suggesting early introduction of pets to home may reduce the likelihood of developing sensitization. There are reports of individuals who will become less sensitive with continued exposure to a pet in the environment. But allergists warn that pet owners cannot rely on a breed being non-allergenic just because a particular allergic pet owner can tolerate a specific dog of that breed. Hypoallergenic dog breed The term hypoallergenic dog breed is commonly used to refer to a dog","psg_id":"5284932"},{"title":"Breed club (dog)","text":"not all dog breeders belong to breed clubs, and breed clubs cannot enforce their code on non members, even when the non-members are raising the breed club's breed of dog.) The Scottish Terrier Club of America's code of ethics directs breeders to \"breed only Scottish Terriers of characteristic type, sound structure and temperament... producing dogs in conformity to the AKC Standard.\" There is no work or hunting requirement or inbreeding prohibitions in this breed, which is primarily kept as a pet and showdog. The emphasis on breeding only for appearance in many pet breeds, combined with competitive pressure to breed","psg_id":"13050459"},{"title":"Coon song","text":"Coon song Coon songs were a genre of music that presented a stereotyped image of black people. They were popular in the United States and the United Kingdom from around 1880 to 1920, though the earliest such songs date from minstrel shows as far back as 1848. The first explicitly coon-themed song, published in 1880, may have been \"The Dandy Coon's Parade\" by J.P. Skelley. Other notable early coon songs included \"The Coons Are on Parade\", \"New Coon in Town\" (by J.S. Putnam, 1883), \"Coon Salvation Army\" (by Sam Lucas, 1884), \"Coon Schottische\" (by William Dressler, 1884). By the mid-1880s,","psg_id":"10222896"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"Coon hunting Coon hunting or raccoon hunting is the practice of hunting raccoons, most often for their meat and fur. It is almost always done with specially bred dogs called coonhounds, of which there are six breeds, and is most commonly associated with rural life in the Southern United States. Coon hunting is also popular in the rural Midwest. Most coon hunts take place at night, with the dogs being turned loose, trailing and putting the raccoon up a tree without human assistance. Once the raccoon is in the tree, with the dog at the base, it is referred to","psg_id":"19799674"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"Dog Memorial Graveyard is a cemetery located in Colbert County, Alabama. Since the 1930s it has been specifically dedicated to burial of coonhounds. Coon hunting Coon hunting or raccoon hunting is the practice of hunting raccoons, most often for their meat and fur. It is almost always done with specially bred dogs called coonhounds, of which there are six breeds, and is most commonly associated with rural life in the Southern United States. Coon hunting is also popular in the rural Midwest. Most coon hunts take place at night, with the dogs being turned loose, trailing and putting the raccoon","psg_id":"19799694"},{"title":"Coon song","text":"black-on-white violence remained but an allusion. The street-patrolling \"bully coon\" was often used as a stock character in coon songs. The songs showed the social threats that whites believed were posed by blacks. Passing was a common theme, and blacks were portrayed as seeking the status of whites, through education and money. However, blacks rarely, except during dream sequences, actually succeeded at appearing white; they only aspired to do so. Coon songs were popular in vaudeville theater, where they were delivered by \"coon shouters\", who were typically White females. Notable coon shouters included Artie Hall, Sophie Tucker, May Irwin, Mae","psg_id":"10222905"},{"title":"What Pet Should I Get?","text":"Seuss conceived \"The Pet Shop\" first but eventually decided to use the characters in a less narrative-structured book instead and developed \"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\" around them. \"The Pet Shop\" was reconstructed for publication by Goldsmith, who also colored the black-and-white illustrations. The reconstructed book was published by Random House in July 2015 as \"What Pet Should I Get?\". Random House reported it would likely publish two additional volumes based on the other material found in the same box. In \"The New York Times\", Maria Russo gave \"What Pet Should I Get?\" a largely positive review,","psg_id":"18602881"},{"title":"Jeremy Coon","text":"Coon sold the film to Fox Searchlight Pictures for $3.2 million. After a 22-day shoot in Preston, Idaho, Coon edited the film during a nine-day cram session using Apple Final Cut Pro software for the first time. \"We spent about a year assembling our crew -- 95 percent were friends from the BYU post department,\" he told the Apple publication \"Pro.\" \"People would come by to check on me and I didn’t even know what time of day it was.\" Jeremy Coon Jeremy Coon (born 1979) is an American executive producer and editor of the 2004 film \"Napoleon Dynamite\", a","psg_id":"5644330"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"the fur boom trapping took more raccoons than hunting with dogs. The practice of coon hunting is sometimes associated with possum hunting, since the same dogs were often used, the animals are both climbers by nature, and are common in the same geographic areas. However, opossums are criticized for being too easy to hunt and too greasy to be edible if killed, and are seldom hunted today. Coon hunting continues to be popular in the rural South and Midwest. The \"Indianapolis Star\" noted in a 2014 article that while some coon hunters are \"overalls-clad people from the backwoods\", some earn","psg_id":"19799690"},{"title":"Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song)","text":"the song, he comes out with another girl. The lyrics of the song, written by Svendsen, is about a person trying to make opinions and statements not influenced by what other people think of him/her. Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song) \"Impossible is Nothing\" is a song by heavy metal band Tonic Breed. It is the only song release from the band not to appear on a full-length studio album. The song was recorded in What it's Worth Studios in Råde, Norway, and is the first song by Tonic Breed to include Thomas Koksvik on lead guitar. On drums, the","psg_id":"18296817"},{"title":"A Different Breed of Killer","text":"Bivins and What Lies Beneath. Bivins also announced the album would be released soon and that he designed the artwork for it. A Different Breed of Killer A Different Breed of Killer is an American deathcore band from Knoxville, Tennessee. They released their debut album, \"I, Colossus\", on April 29, 2008. Formed in October 2006, A Different Breed of Killer quickly made a name for themselves in the deathcore scene. Less than a year after their formation, the band signed with Rise Records and released \"I, Colossus\", which received generally positive reviews. The band has toured with such bands as","psg_id":"12453141"},{"title":"Coon song","text":"Pumpkin Colored Coons,\" \"Gib Me Ma 15 Cents,\" and \"My Dinah\"); Bob Cole (who wrote dozens of songs, including \"I Wonder What the Coon's Game Is?\" and \"No Coons Allowed\"); and Bert Williams and George Walker. Even classic ragtime composer Scott Joplin wrote at least one coon song (\"I Am Thinking of My Pickaninny Days\"), and may have composed the music for several more, using lyrics written by others. Coon songs almost always aimed to be funny and incorporated the syncopated rhythms of ragtime music. A coon song's defining characteristic, however, was its caricature of African Americans. In keeping with","psg_id":"10222902"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"including one with an image of Cartman as the Coon, and one of Mysterion with the words, \"Who is Mysterion?\" \"The Coon\" is primarily a parody of dark-toned comic book movies. \"The Dark Knight\" (2008), \"The Spirit\" (2008) and \"Watchmen\" (2009) are the most commonly referred to films, but others such as \"Spider-Man 3\" (2007) are also frequently referenced. Matt Stone said the episode started as a parody specifically of \"Watchmen\", but then elements of other comic book films were added as the writing progressed. The music used in \"The Coon\" is inspired by the style of film scores by","psg_id":"13155212"},{"title":"Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song)","text":"Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song) \"Impossible is Nothing\" is a song by heavy metal band Tonic Breed. It is the only song release from the band not to appear on a full-length studio album. The song was recorded in What it's Worth Studios in Råde, Norway, and is the first song by Tonic Breed to include Thomas Koksvik on lead guitar. On drums, the band hired a guest, Paal Johannesen. Impossible is Nothing was originally made for the Global Battle of the Bands competition, where Tonic Breed advanced to the national final in 2012. Impossible is Nothing did however","psg_id":"18296815"},{"title":"Coon Chicken Inn","text":"Coon Chicken Inn Coon Chicken Inn was an American chain of four restaurants founded by Maxon Lester Graham and Adelaide Burt in 1925, which prospered until the late 1950s. The restaurant's name contains the word \"Coon\", considered an ethnic slur, and the trademarks and entrances of the restaurants were designed to look like a smiling blackface caricature of an African-American porter. The smiling capped porter head also appeared on menus, dishes, and promotional items. Due to change in popular culture and the general consideration of being culturally and racially offensive, the chain has since been discontinued. The first Coon Chicken","psg_id":"7945150"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"of comic book based movies is perfectly done...Though not quite as funny as last week’s 'The Ring', 'The Coon' is right up there as a classic episode, ... A beacon of hope in the sometimes drab world of television,\" while at the same time, he believed the episode title, \"The Coon\" (being a well-known ethnic slur against black people) was a jab intended for Barack Obama, the first African American U.S. President. Percy Olsen, television editor for \"Student Life\", said \"The Coon\" was an improvement over \"The Ring\" because it was less heavy-handed in its morals. Olsen also said it","psg_id":"13155218"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"crowd, however, is shocked to learn Mysterion's identity and, much to the regret of all except Coon, who says that he knew who Mysterion was, even calling him out on it at one point (though this helps the audience little as Cartman claimed that practically everyone in his class was Mysterion at times), Mysterion is hauled to prison. With Professor Chaos, General Disarray and Mysterion defeated, Cartman now perceives that he is the superhero in South Park and that every town should have a Coon like him. \"The Coon\" was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker. It first","psg_id":"13155205"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"awareness about The Coon through word of mouth, nobody pays much attention to the Coon's efforts. When he reports \"crimes\" (such as mistaking a man innocently trying to kiss his date for a rapist) to the police department, he is threatened with jail time and snubbed off. During class, Cartman tries to hype up an appearance from the Coon, saying he will be on roof of a Walgreens later that evening. Cartman (as the Coon) shows up to the spot to find another child superhero named \"Mysterion\", who is far more successful in garnering appreciation as a crime stopping icon","psg_id":"13155201"},{"title":"Coon vs. Coon and Friends","text":"Coon vs. Coon and Friends \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourteenth season and the 208th overall episode of Comedy Central's series \"South Park\". It originally aired on November 10, 2010. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. In its original American broadcast on November 10, 2010, \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\" was watched by 3.249 million viewers, according to the Nielsen Media Research. It was the highest viewed scripted show. It received a 1.9 rating/5% share among adult viewers between ages","psg_id":"15056999"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"Mysterion. The clip is available as a deleted scene in the thirteenth season DVD and Blu-ray sets. The superhero characters from \"The Coon\" returned in the fourteenth season episodes \"\", \"Mysterion Rises\" and \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\", in which Mysterion is revealed. Keo Thongkham and Kevin Dalton, who serve as \"South Park\" storyboard artists, drew the detailed image of Mysterion that appeared in a news broadcast within the episode. Within a week of the episode's original broadcast, the online retailer Zazzle and South Park Studios, the official \"South Park\" website, released T-shirts and hooded sweatshirts based on the episode,","psg_id":"13155211"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"in the episode, sent a thank you card to Parker and Stone after the episode aired. \"The Coon\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the thirteenth season on March 16, 2010. \"The Coon\" was also released on DVD in \"The Little Box of Butters\" on September 28, 2010. \"The Coon\" was re-released once more on DVD and Blu-ray as a \"bonus episode\" with the complete fourteenth season. Donning a disguise modeled after a raccoon, Cartman becomes a vigilante dubbed \"The Coon\", who attempts to wipe out crime in South Park. Though Cartman tries to raise","psg_id":"13155200"},{"title":"Coon vs. Coon and Friends","text":"Bieber. \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\", along with the thirteen other episodes from \"South Park\"'s fourteenth season, were released on a three-disc DVD set and two-disc Blu-ray set in the United States on April 26, 2011. Coon vs. Coon and Friends \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourteenth season and the 208th overall episode of Comedy Central's series \"South Park\". It originally aired on November 10, 2010. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. In its original American broadcast on November 10,","psg_id":"15057013"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"DVD collection \"A Little Box of Butters\". The Coon \"The Coon\" is the second episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 183rd episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 18, 2009. In the episode, Cartman poses as a superhero vigilante named \"The Coon\", who grows increasingly jealous of the popularity and success of a rival superhero named \"Mysterion\". The episode was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. It was originally conceived as an","psg_id":"13155222"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"The Coon \"The Coon\" is the second episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 183rd episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 18, 2009. In the episode, Cartman poses as a superhero vigilante named \"The Coon\", who grows increasingly jealous of the popularity and success of a rival superhero named \"Mysterion\". The episode was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. It was originally conceived as an episode about the economic recession, but those","psg_id":"13155198"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"James Newton Howard and Hans Zimmer, both of whom collaborated on the scores for \"Batman Begins\" (2005) and \"The Dark Knight\". To promote the Coon, Cartman uses a similar tagline as was used to promote \"Darkman\", printing shirts asking \"Who is The Coon?\" The Coon and Mysterion use deep and ominous voices similar to that used by Christian Bale in the Batman films and Jackie Earle Haley as Rorschach in \"Watchmen\". Stone said he found Bale's voice particularly annoying in \"The Dark Knight\", and found it amusing that so many comic book movies had heroes whose voices were so low,","psg_id":"13155213"},{"title":"Coon song","text":"she's my lady, I'm a hustling coon, ... dat's just what I am.</poem> Coon songs portrayed blacks as \"hot\", in this context meaning promiscuous and libidinous. They suggested that the most common living arrangement was a \"honey\" relationship (unmarried cohabitation), rather than marriage. Blacks were portrayed as inclined toward acts of provocative violence. Razors were often featured in the songs and came to symbolize blacks' wanton tendencies. However, violence in the songs was uniformly directed at blacks instead of whites (perhaps to discharge the threatening notion of black violence amongst the coon songs' predominantly white consumers). Hence, the spectre of","psg_id":"10222904"},{"title":"Bleu du Maine","text":"Bleu du Maine The Bleu du Maine (also known as \"Blauköpfiges Fleischschaf\" (German), \"Bazougers\", \"Bluefaced Maine\", \"Blue-headed Maine\", \"Maine-Anjou\", \"Maine à tête bleue\", \"Maynne Blue\") is a breed of domestic sheep that originated in western France, in the region common to the departments of Maine-et-Loire, Mayenne and Sarthe. A large, prolific sheep, the most distinctive characteristic of the breed is its bald, gray–blue head which is polled in both sexes. More common in France and the Netherlands, it has also been exported to the U.K., where it is sometimes used for the creation of cross–bred mules. Though this breed does","psg_id":"11493737"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"for coonhounds, sanctioned over 6,000 such hunts across the United States. The largest and most prestigious annual hunts, also called field trials, include the Autumn Oaks, Leafy Oaks, and Coonhunting World Championship. All are licensed UKC events. The Autumn Oaks is held in Richmond, Indiana and attracts competitors from 39 states and Canada. Another large annual hunt is the Grand American Coon Hunt, which has been held in Orangeburg, South Carolina since 1965 and is sanctioned by the American Coon Hunters' Association. It includes a popular bench or conformation show in addition to the hunting competition, and has special events","psg_id":"19799683"},{"title":"Coon Creek Girls","text":"Anderson, and Kate Smith. Also included were a troupe of Bascom Lunsford's square dancers and the Coon Creek Girls. In 1979, John Lair revived the name with the \"New Coon Creek Girls\", a combo which remained popular for several decades, despite numerous changes in line-up. Among the former members are Pamela Gadd and Pam Perry, who later became members of the country band Wild Rose. In 2013, the original touring group of the New Coon Creek Girls from 1985-87 (Vicki Simmons, Pam Perry Combs, Wanda Barnett, and Pam Gadd) made the decision to reunite in order to fund speech therapy","psg_id":"12944390"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"the 1950s, staged nite hunts were created and by the 1970s had become popular with some hunts involving over one thousand dogs. In the 1970s, the price of raccoon pelts rose again to a high of 25 to 30 dollars each, and some people made their entire income from coon hunting. It was possible to catch ten raccoons per night in well-populated areas, with good dogs. One outdoors writer estimated that in 1985 there were 30 to 40 thousand coon hunters in Michigan alone. This market hunting largely died out by the late 1980s, and it is estimated that during","psg_id":"19799689"},{"title":"Carleton S. Coon","text":"groups in German-occupied Morocco under the guise of anthropological fieldwork. During that time, Coon was affiliated with the United States Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner to the Central Intelligence Agency. Coon left Harvard to take up a position as Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1948, which had an excellent museum. Throughout the 1950s he produced academic papers, as well as many popular books for the general reader, the most notable being \"The Story of Man\" (1954). Coon did photography work for the United States Air Force from 1954-1957. He photographed areas where US planes might","psg_id":"849730"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"raised the question, \"What ever happened to the goofy superhero movies? From Batman to the Hulk, it seems like every comic book hero movie has been given a splotch of mud and some dim lighting before being sent out the door.\" Genevieve Koski of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a B+ grade, although she did not like the \"non-reveal\" ending. She also said the target material for \"The Coon\" is too easy, but she said the episode was \"really likable\" and she particularly liked Cartman's growing frustration when his superhero persona is ignored. Travis Fickett of IGN also said","psg_id":"13155219"},{"title":"Maine-Anjou cattle","text":"Maine-Anjou cattle The Maine-Anjou is a French breed of domestic cattle, raised mainly in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France. It was created in the nineteenth century in the historic province of Maine by cross-breeding the local Mancelle dairy cattle with Durham stock from Britain, and was at first called the Durham-Mancelle. In France it has been known since 2004 as the , but the Maine-Anjou name continues to be used elsewhere. It was formerly a dual-purpose animal, raised both for meat and for milk, but is now principally a beef breed. The Maine-Anjou breed was created","psg_id":"9079386"},{"title":"What is a Masterpiece?","text":"What is a Masterpiece? What is a Masterpiece? is a 1979 non-fiction book by British historian Kenneth Clark. It is a transcribed version of the Walter Neurath memorial lectures given by Clark. The work, initially released on 1 January 1979, received a Thames & Hudson republication on 1 May 1992. Kenneth Clark had already achieved fame with a series of popular books while also serving as, from 1969 on, the writer, producer and presenter of the BBC programme, \"Civilisation\", a pioneering television documentary series. The prestigious series earned a Peabody Award as well as general commercial success. In the work,","psg_id":"18136420"},{"title":"Carrie Coon","text":"for both \"Fargo\" and \"The Leftovers\". In 2017, she played real life journalist Meg Greenfield in the Steven Spielberg-directed historical drama film \"The Post\". In 2018, Coon co-starred in the Steve McQueen heist thriller film \"Widows\". Coon provided the voice and motion capture for Proxima Midnight, a member of the Black Order and a child of Thanos, in the Russo Brothers-directed action film \"\" (2018). Coon married actor and playwright Tracy Letts in 2013. They have a son, born in 2018. Carrie Coon Carrie Alexandra Coon (born January 24, 1981) is an American actress. Coon is known for starring as","psg_id":"18141746"},{"title":"Bleu du Maine","text":"grow wool, it is raised primarily for meat. The Millennium Bleu is a new breed which began to be developed in the year 2000. It is a cross of a Bleu du Maine ewe with a Texel or Beltex ram. It is still rare in the U.K., and is used primarily as a terminal sire. Bleu du Maine The Bleu du Maine (also known as \"Blauköpfiges Fleischschaf\" (German), \"Bazougers\", \"Bluefaced Maine\", \"Blue-headed Maine\", \"Maine-Anjou\", \"Maine à tête bleue\", \"Maynne Blue\") is a breed of domestic sheep that originated in western France, in the region common to the departments of Maine-et-Loire,","psg_id":"11493738"},{"title":"Coon hunting","text":"The book was unsuccessfully marketed to adults for several years before being tested at schools, where it became a mainstay. A movie of the same name was made in 1974, starring Beverly Garland, Stewart Peterson and James Whitmore. It was remade in 2003. Southern comedian and folk storyteller Jerry Clower released his record of \"The Coon Hunt\", a comic tale of a Mississippi coon hunt gone wrong, in the early 1970s. It became popular almost immediately, launching Clower's career, and remained his best-known work, in addition to bringing over $1 million in sales and ultimately becoming a platinum record for","psg_id":"19799692"},{"title":"Pet Star","text":"Search\". It is shown in the United Kingdom on Challenge. The winner of \"Pet Star\"'s first season was Skidboot from Quinlan, Texas. Skidboot died in March 2007; he was owned by David Hartwig. Finalists were Stunt Dog performer John Misita and Stunt Dog performer Kyra Sundance. The winner of \"Pet Star\"'s second season was a troupe of 9 dogs owned by circus performer Johnny Peers of Sarasota, Florida. The winner of \"Pet Star\"'s third season was Spencer Lococo, a male Rhodesian Ridgeback mixed breed from Lexington, Kentucky. His owner is John Flowers. Spencer won a place in the finals through","psg_id":"4945795"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"of U.S. President Barack Obama. Eventually, Cartman would discover the recession stemmed from the sale of Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville blenders, and he would have to battle singer Jimmy Buffett and investor Warren Buffett, who would be portrayed as Jimmy's brother. Eventually, the idea was scrapped, and \"The Coon\" turned into an episode revolving entirely around a comic book film parody. Elements of the economic recession and the Margaritaville blenders were eventually incorporated into future episode \"Margaritaville\". The identity of Mysterion is never revealed in \"The Coon\". After the episode aired, the question \"Who is Mysterion?\" became a frequently asked question","psg_id":"13155208"},{"title":"Joshua Coon","text":"Coon earned his B.Sc. from Central Michigan University in 1988. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Florida in 2002, where he worked with Willard Harrison. Coon was a postdoctoral student in Donald Hunt's lab at the University of Virginia from 2002 to 2005. There Joshua Coon and John Syka developed electron-transfer dissociation (ETD). In 2005, Coon joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He became an Associate Professor in 2010, and a Professor in 2012. Joshua Coon Joshua Coon is a professor of chemistry and biomolecular chemistry and the inaugural holder of the Thomas and Margaret Pyle Chair at the","psg_id":"14585330"},{"title":"Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard","text":"Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard The Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard is a cemetery located in rural Colbert County, Alabama, USA, reserved specifically for the burial of coon dogs. Key Underwood established the cemetery on September 4, 1937 by burying his own dog there. Underwood chose the spot as it was previously a popular hunting camp. , more than 300 dogs are buried in the graveyard. Dogs must meet three requirements to qualify for burial at the cemetery: the owner must verify that their dog is a purebred coonhound, a witness must declare that the deceased is a","psg_id":"10364970"},{"title":"Coon cheese","text":"W. Coon became a cheese dealer in Philadelphia. He died in 1934, aged sixty two. Coon was working at the office in Philadelphia of the Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation at the time of his death, according to \"The Journal and Republican\" in Lowville, New York. Black British comedian Stephen K. Amos regularly performs a skit on Coon Cheese as part of his live show, due to the word \"Coon\" also being an ethnic slur used for black people. Coon cheese COON is the trademark of a cheddar cheese produced by Warrnambool Cheese and Butter company in Australia. It was first launched","psg_id":"5641577"},{"title":"Coon Creek Girls","text":"music camp for Simmons who underwent surgery for an aneurysm in 2008. As of 2014, Simmons has made an amazing recovery, and the band is still performing various reunion concerts. They are sponsored by Sassy Goat Milk Soap. From the Internet Archive (www.archive.org): Coon Creek Girls The Coon Creek Girls were a popular all-female \"string band\" in the Appalachian style of folk music (a precursor of country music) which began in the mid-1930s. Created (and named) by John Lair for his Renfro Valley Barn Dance show, the band originally consisted of sisters Lily May and Rosie Ledford (from Powell County,","psg_id":"12944391"},{"title":"Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard","text":"politicians. Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard The Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard is a cemetery located in rural Colbert County, Alabama, USA, reserved specifically for the burial of coon dogs. Key Underwood established the cemetery on September 4, 1937 by burying his own dog there. Underwood chose the spot as it was previously a popular hunting camp. , more than 300 dogs are buried in the graveyard. Dogs must meet three requirements to qualify for burial at the cemetery: the owner must verify that their dog is a purebred coonhound, a witness must declare that the deceased is","psg_id":"10364975"},{"title":"A Breed of Heroes","text":"command, AAC(A) Sgt. Wheeler – Charles’ loafing platoon sergeant Capt. Henry Sandy – Battalion medical officer and ‘famous cad’ Beazley – Northern Ireland Correspondent for \"The Times\" \"A Breed of Heroes\" won the 1981 Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize and was shortlisted and became runner-up in the 1981 Booker Prize \"A Breed of Heroes\" was adapted for a BBC Television production by Charles Wood, starring Samuel West in 1994. The story of Charles Thoroughgood is continued in Alan Judd's 1996 novel \"Legacy\", having left the military he now works for MI6. A Breed of Heroes A Breed of Heroes is a","psg_id":"9686162"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"from the police and South Park citizens who want to know just \"Who is Mysterion?\" Cartman is angered by his lack of popularity and the attention Mysterion is receiving. Coon decides to rid the town of Mysterion, enlisting the help of Professor Chaos (Butters) and his sidekick General Disarray (Dougie). Unlike the Coon, Professor Chaos and General Disarray have become as familiar to the residents of South Park as Mysterion. Butters also wants to know the identity of Mysterion but can only narrow the list of suspects to the boys from Mr. Garrison's 4th grade class whose shapes do not","psg_id":"13155202"},{"title":"Brent Coon","text":"and lied to them about the effect of late filings on the value of their claims. Brent Coon Brent Coon is an American attorney and founder of Brent Coon & Associates. He worked on litigation that resulted from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. \"U.S. News & World Report\" named Beaumont-based Brent Coon & Associates a Best Law Firm of 2016. Following the Texas City Refinery explosion, Coon represented Eva Rowe, the daughter of Linda and James Rowe. Linda and James Rowe were among the 15 people who were killed in the refinery explosion. Brent Coon and Associates settled her","psg_id":"19663702"},{"title":"Brent Coon","text":"Brent Coon Brent Coon is an American attorney and founder of Brent Coon & Associates. He worked on litigation that resulted from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. \"U.S. News & World Report\" named Beaumont-based Brent Coon & Associates a Best Law Firm of 2016. Following the Texas City Refinery explosion, Coon represented Eva Rowe, the daughter of Linda and James Rowe. Linda and James Rowe were among the 15 people who were killed in the refinery explosion. Brent Coon and Associates settled her lawsuit against British Petroleum for an undisclosed amount and $32 million in donations to health care,","psg_id":"19663691"},{"title":"Jessica Coon","text":"Jessica Coon Jessica Coon is an Associate Professor of linguistics at McGill University and Canada Research Chair in Syntax and Indigenous Languages. She was the linguistics expert consultant for the 2016 film \"Arrival\". Coon works on ergativity, split-ergativity, case and agreement, nominalization, field methodology, and collaborative language work in Ch'ol and Chuj (Mayan) and Mi'gmaq (Algonquian). Coon received her PhD from MIT in 2010 with a dissertation on ergativity in the Ch'ol language. Coon received her BA in linguistics-anthropology from Reed College in May 2004. Coon teaches linguistics to both graduate and undergraduate students at McGill University. In 2011, she","psg_id":"19863321"},{"title":"Carleton S. Coon","text":"French, the Hungarians, the Czechs, or the English. What is needed more than anything else in this respect is a thoroughgoing study of the inhabitants of the principal and most powerful nations of Europe. Summary of \"The Races of Europe\" <br>Coon's 1939 book concluded the following: According to Carleton Coon the \"homeland and cradle\" of the Mediterranean race is in the area from Morocco to Afghanistan. Coon argued that smaller Mediterraneans traveled by land from the Mediterranean basin north into Europe in the Mesolithic era. Taller Mediterraneans (Atlanto-Mediterraneans) were Neolithic seafarers who sailed in reed-type boats and colonized the Mediterranean","psg_id":"849737"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"it sounded like they were \"whispering, like you've been up all night smoking\". Cartman and Mysterion both refer to themselves as \"the symbol this town needs\", a line from \"The Dark Knight\", and Cartman encourages Butters to film a video threatening to blow up a hospital, the same as the Joker from a scene in that film. The opening shot of \"The Coon\" is also inspired by a sequence from \"Watchmen\": both feature a close-up of a city sidewalk and zoom out to someone looking down from the top of a tall skyscraper. A poster of the Coon shown at","psg_id":"13155214"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"differ greatly from that of others. In contrast, he has nearly pinned down Coon's identity to a few fat celebrities, and Cartman. In a scheme to uncover Mysterion's identity, the Coon convinces Professor Chaos to threaten the destruction of a hospital unless Mysterion reveals his identity. After the Coon plants the TNT and leaves to buy detonators, Mysterion unexpectedly arrives. He points out that this is not Professor Chaos' usual style, and fights Professor Chaos and General Disarray on top of the building. A crowd forms below and cheers on Mysterion as the police take no actions, believing that their","psg_id":"13155203"},{"title":"Carrie Coon","text":"Carrie Coon Carrie Alexandra Coon (born January 24, 1981) is an American actress. Coon is known for starring as Nora Durst in the HBO drama series \"The Leftovers\" (2014–2017), for which she won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series. She starred as Gloria Burgle in the third season of the FX anthology series \"Fargo\" (2017), for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. Coon also won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama for both performances. On stage, Coon was nominated","psg_id":"18141739"},{"title":"The Nu Breed Music Group","text":"scene. In Late 2008 The Nu Breed Music Group Signed Harlem Entertainment Mogul Jayson \"J-Didda\" Butler and his Crezyrakk Records Imprint to a joint venture. A Nu Breed Compilation album entitled \"The Nu Breed : Chapter 1\", which showcases the talents of all the Nu Breed artist is planned to be released 2010. The Nu Breed Music Group recently created a website that keeps up to date with what is going on in the group. The Nu Breed Music Group The Nu Breed Music Group, commonly referred to as The Nu Breed Recording or just The Nu Breed, is a","psg_id":"11543181"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"start, Parker and Stone wrote Cartman as caring more about his superhero image than fighting crime, but as they worked further on the episode, it began to take up more and more of the story until they decided to make Cartman the only superhero of the four boys. Parker and Stone long planned to create an episode about the economic recession, and originally planned for Cartman to dress as a superhero named \"The Coon\" and fight the economy. This is why the opening scene of \"The Coon\" involves Cartman discussing the poor economic state of the nation and the election","psg_id":"13155207"},{"title":"The Coon","text":"bullets are no match for Professor Chaos' aluminum foil armor. Dramatically, the Coon appears to fight on the side of Mysterion, with the hopes that he too will be hailed as a hero. At that point, Professor Chaos and General Disarray run off in defeat. After their victory, the Coon convinces Mysterion to unmask himself by claiming such threats to public safety will continue until Mysterion's secret is revealed. Despite the threat of imprisonment, Mysterion unmasks himself, showing the television viewers only the portion of his face that looks similar to almost all of Mr. Garrison's 4th grade class. The","psg_id":"13155204"},{"title":"Coon vs. Coon and Friends","text":"with Cartman acting as Pussyfoot and Cthulhu as Marc Antony in his \"cute kitten\" routine. In his quest to \"make the world a better place\", the Coon (Eric Cartman's alter ego), persuades Cthulhu to destroy the Whole Food Market supermarket chain, which specializes in organic and healthy food. They attack the Burning Man festival, which is, according to Cartman, \"the biggest hippie festival in the world\". A news reporter at the site of the slaughter mistakes The Coon for \"Bruce Vilanch in a rat costume\", an assumption first made in \"The Coon\". Another target, and in Cartman's eyes, the \"most","psg_id":"15057008"},{"title":"Joshua Coon","text":"Joshua Coon Joshua Coon is a professor of chemistry and biomolecular chemistry and the inaugural holder of the Thomas and Margaret Pyle Chair at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and an affiliate of the Morgridge Institute for Research. Coon develops scientific instruments to measure molecules in living systems. He focuses specifically on the use of mass spectrometry to measure the molecular mass of biomolecules, and its application to proteomics. Joshua Coon, along with John Syka, developed electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) while working as a postdoctoral student in Donald Hunt's lab at the University of Virginia. Coon was born in Mount Pleasant, Michigan.","psg_id":"14585329"},{"title":"David Coon","text":"David Coon David Charles Coon (born 28 October 1956 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2014 provincial election to represent the provincial electoral district of Fredericton South. He became the first elected Green MLA in New Brunswick history, the third Green parliamentarian elected in Canada, and has served as the Leader of the Green Party of New Brunswick since winning the leadership of his party in 2012. Coon resides in Fredericton, NB with his wife Janice Harvey, and daughter Laura Coon. A biologist by training, Coon worked","psg_id":"16792649"},{"title":"Pet ownership in Japan","text":"for a not so pet-friendly country, Japanese have found ways to incorporate their pets into their everyday lives. One method is to choose small dog breeds as their companions. Some common dog breeds for Japanese families are chihuahuas, miniature dachshunds, and toy poodles. The most common reason for choosing small breed dogs are the lack of space, and easier cleaning. Although small dogs are preferred, one of the most popular dog breeds in Japan is the Shiba Inu, which can grow to be two feet tall and weigh up to 25 pounds. Some Japanese prefer the Shiba Inu because they","psg_id":"17171573"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Maine Coon\",\n \"text\": \"cited as having \\\"dog-like\\\" characteristics. Professionals notice certain health problems in the breed including feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hip dysplasia, but reputable breeders use modern screening methods to minimize the frequency of these problems. The ancestral origins of the Maine Coon are unknown — there are only speculation and folk tales. One such folk tale involves Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, who was executed in 1793. The story goes that before her death, Antoinette attempted to escape France with the help of Captain Samuel Clough. She loaded Clough's ship with her most prized possessions, including six of her favorite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"784884\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon song\",\n \"text\": \"the term had been associated with the Whig Party. The Whigs used a raccoon as its emblem, but also had a more tolerant attitude towards blacks than the other political factions. The latter opinion is likely what transformed the term \\\"coon\\\" from mere political slang into a racial slur. It is possible that the popularity of coon songs may be explained in part by their historical timing: coon songs arose precisely as the popular music business exploded in Tin Pan Alley. However, James Dormon, a former professor of history and American studies at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, has also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10222899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Races of Europe (Coon)\",\n \"text\": \"The Races of Europe (Coon) The Races of Europe is a popular work of physical anthropology by Carleton S. Coon. It was first published in 1939 by Macmillan. In 1933, the Harvard anthropologist Carleton S. Coon was invited to write a new edition of William Z. Ripley's 1899 \\\"The Races of Europe\\\", which Coon dedicated to Ripley. Coon's entirely rewritten version of the book was published in 1939. At the time, he explicitly avoided the discussion of either blood groups or race and intelligence, the latter of which he claimed to know \\\"next to nothing about\\\" at the time. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14470842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Races of Europe (Coon)\",\n \"text\": \"conclusions from the book entail the following: In \\\"The Races of Europe\\\", Coon classified Caucasoids into racial sub-groups named after regions or archaeological sites, expanding the tripartite system Mediterranean-Alpine-Nordic of Ripley (1899) by types such as Brünn, Borreby, Ladogan, East Baltic, Neo-Danubian, Lappish, Atlanto-Mediterranean, Iranid, Hallstatt, Keltic, Tronder, Dinaric, Noric and Armenoid. The Races of Europe (Coon) The Races of Europe is a popular work of physical anthropology by Carleton S. Coon. It was first published in 1939 by Macmillan. In 1933, the Harvard anthropologist Carleton S. Coon was invited to write a new edition of William Z. Ripley's 1899\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14470843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"to ignore other animals such as opossums, whitetail deer and rabbits, which are colloquially called \\\"trash\\\". Inadvertent hunting or running of deer by coonhounds is particularly problematic for hunters, as hunting deer with dogs is illegal in most states. Modern coon hunting is practiced with the use of a trained dog or dogs. While historically coon hunting dogs were of any breed, modern coon dogs are almost always members of the scenthound subgroup called coonhounds. There are six distinct breeds of coonhound developed specifically to hunt climbing game by scent; Black and Tan Coonhound, Redbone Coonhound, Bluetick Coonhound, English Coonhound,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Breed club (dog)\",\n \"text\": \"research on breed-specific health issues. Breed clubs for agricultural stock breeds became popular social clubs in England in the late 18th century and early 19th century. The first breed club for chickens, for example, was formed in 1815 as an elite and expensive activity. By the mid-19th century, dog shows were becoming a pastime in Victorian England, and the bulldog was a popular pet. In order to make the bulldog breed smaller and more gentle, crossbreeding with pugs and other types of dogs was being done, leading to the formation of the first breed club, the Bulldog Club, in 1864,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13050449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon song\",\n \"text\": \"the 1920s. Black songwriters and performers who participated in the creation of coon songs profited commercially, enabling them to go on to develop a new type of African American musical theater based at least in part on African-American traditions. Coon songs also contributed to the mainstream acceptance of ragtime music, paving the way for the acceptance of other African-American music. Ernest Hogan, when discussing his \\\"All Coons Look Alike to Me\\\" shortly before his death, commented: Coon songs became tremendously popular in Britain after the 1880s. The role of racial stereotyping in Britain was different from what it was in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10222907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon \\\"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\\\" was a song written by Will A. Heelan, and J. Fred Helf that was popular in the United States and the United Kingdom. The song followed the previous success of \\\"All Coons Look Alike to Me\\\", written in 1896 by Ernest Hogan. H. L. Mencken cites it as being one of the three coon songs which \\\"firmly established the term \\\"coon\\\" in the American vocabulary\\\". The song was a musical hit of the day by A. M. Rothschild and Company in 1901. New York's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10995195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\",\n \"text\": \"World\\\" weekly newspaper, Marcus Garvey was quoted as saying, The lyrics to \\\"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\\\" include the musical meme \\\"four eleven forty four\\\". Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon \\\"Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon\\\" was a song written by Will A. Heelan, and J. Fred Helf that was popular in the United States and the United Kingdom. The song followed the previous success of \\\"All Coons Look Alike to Me\\\", written in 1896 by Ernest Hogan. H. L. Mencken cites it as being one of the three coon songs which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10995198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Pet Should I Get?\",\n \"text\": \"What Pet Should I Get? What Pet Should I Get? is a Dr. Seuss children's book, posthumously published in 2015. Believed to have been written between 1958 and 1962, the book chronicles the adventures of Jay and Kay from Seuss' \\\"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\\\" in their attempts to buy a pet. In a pet store, a young brother and sister (Jay and Kay) are trying to choose a pet. They consider a vast array of possible pets as their deadline of noon approaches. Finally, they settle on a pet whose identity remains unrevealed. After Theodor Seuss\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18602878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Breed club (dog)\",\n \"text\": \"puppies to brokers and pet shops, so large commercial puppy producers do not belong to breed clubs, although they may register their puppies with a national kennel club. Purchasers of puppies and dogs should research the background and affiliations of kennels. In general, when a newly created \\\"rare\\\" breed or newly rediscovered landrace or natural breed becomes popular enough, groups of breeders will join together in a club or association, and write a breed standard for their breed. In the standard the club members will define the breed's eternally observable appearance, often in great detail. The standard may also include\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13050452\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"for children who hunt or own coonhounds. In addition to the larger all-breed hunts, the UKC also holds a number of nite hunts each year that are breed-specific, meaning that they are limited to dogs of only one breed. The Southeastern Treeing Walker Conference is an example of this. The American Kennel Club and other kennel clubs also sanction coon hunting competitions. While killing raccoons is legal during the hunting season, typically September to February, some hunters merely tree the raccoon and then leave it unharmed. In competitive hunts, where the objective is to demonstrate the skill of the dog,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Pet Should I Get?\",\n \"text\": \"saying that \\\"the book is, if not top-flight Seuss, a very good example of his particular genius for distilling both the spirit of his times and the timeless mind-set of children.\\\" What Pet Should I Get? What Pet Should I Get? is a Dr. Seuss children's book, posthumously published in 2015. Believed to have been written between 1958 and 1962, the book chronicles the adventures of Jay and Kay from Seuss' \\\"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\\\" in their attempts to buy a pet. In a pet store, a young brother and sister (Jay and Kay) are trying\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18602882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hypoallergenic dog breed\",\n \"text\": \"dog allergic individual. While \\\"allergy shots\\\" can reduce many individuals' dog-allergic reactions, the most common approach remains avoidance. There have been recent studies suggesting early introduction of pets to home may reduce the likelihood of developing sensitization. There are reports of individuals who will become less sensitive with continued exposure to a pet in the environment. But allergists warn that pet owners cannot rely on a breed being non-allergenic just because a particular allergic pet owner can tolerate a specific dog of that breed. Hypoallergenic dog breed The term hypoallergenic dog breed is commonly used to refer to a dog\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5284932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Breed club (dog)\",\n \"text\": \"not all dog breeders belong to breed clubs, and breed clubs cannot enforce their code on non members, even when the non-members are raising the breed club's breed of dog.) The Scottish Terrier Club of America's code of ethics directs breeders to \\\"breed only Scottish Terriers of characteristic type, sound structure and temperament... producing dogs in conformity to the AKC Standard.\\\" There is no work or hunting requirement or inbreeding prohibitions in this breed, which is primarily kept as a pet and showdog. The emphasis on breeding only for appearance in many pet breeds, combined with competitive pressure to breed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13050459\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon song\",\n \"text\": \"Coon song Coon songs were a genre of music that presented a stereotyped image of black people. They were popular in the United States and the United Kingdom from around 1880 to 1920, though the earliest such songs date from minstrel shows as far back as 1848. The first explicitly coon-themed song, published in 1880, may have been \\\"The Dandy Coon's Parade\\\" by J.P. Skelley. Other notable early coon songs included \\\"The Coons Are on Parade\\\", \\\"New Coon in Town\\\" (by J.S. Putnam, 1883), \\\"Coon Salvation Army\\\" (by Sam Lucas, 1884), \\\"Coon Schottische\\\" (by William Dressler, 1884). By the mid-1880s,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10222896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"Coon hunting Coon hunting or raccoon hunting is the practice of hunting raccoons, most often for their meat and fur. It is almost always done with specially bred dogs called coonhounds, of which there are six breeds, and is most commonly associated with rural life in the Southern United States. Coon hunting is also popular in the rural Midwest. Most coon hunts take place at night, with the dogs being turned loose, trailing and putting the raccoon up a tree without human assistance. Once the raccoon is in the tree, with the dog at the base, it is referred to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"Dog Memorial Graveyard is a cemetery located in Colbert County, Alabama. Since the 1930s it has been specifically dedicated to burial of coonhounds. Coon hunting Coon hunting or raccoon hunting is the practice of hunting raccoons, most often for their meat and fur. It is almost always done with specially bred dogs called coonhounds, of which there are six breeds, and is most commonly associated with rural life in the Southern United States. Coon hunting is also popular in the rural Midwest. Most coon hunts take place at night, with the dogs being turned loose, trailing and putting the raccoon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799694\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon song\",\n \"text\": \"black-on-white violence remained but an allusion. The street-patrolling \\\"bully coon\\\" was often used as a stock character in coon songs. The songs showed the social threats that whites believed were posed by blacks. Passing was a common theme, and blacks were portrayed as seeking the status of whites, through education and money. However, blacks rarely, except during dream sequences, actually succeeded at appearing white; they only aspired to do so. Coon songs were popular in vaudeville theater, where they were delivered by \\\"coon shouters\\\", who were typically White females. Notable coon shouters included Artie Hall, Sophie Tucker, May Irwin, Mae\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10222905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Pet Should I Get?\",\n \"text\": \"Seuss conceived \\\"The Pet Shop\\\" first but eventually decided to use the characters in a less narrative-structured book instead and developed \\\"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\\\" around them. \\\"The Pet Shop\\\" was reconstructed for publication by Goldsmith, who also colored the black-and-white illustrations. The reconstructed book was published by Random House in July 2015 as \\\"What Pet Should I Get?\\\". Random House reported it would likely publish two additional volumes based on the other material found in the same box. In \\\"The New York Times\\\", Maria Russo gave \\\"What Pet Should I Get?\\\" a largely positive review,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18602881\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jeremy Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Coon sold the film to Fox Searchlight Pictures for $3.2 million. After a 22-day shoot in Preston, Idaho, Coon edited the film during a nine-day cram session using Apple Final Cut Pro software for the first time. \\\"We spent about a year assembling our crew -- 95 percent were friends from the BYU post department,\\\" he told the Apple publication \\\"Pro.\\\" \\\"People would come by to check on me and I didn’t even know what time of day it was.\\\" Jeremy Coon Jeremy Coon (born 1979) is an American executive producer and editor of the 2004 film \\\"Napoleon Dynamite\\\", a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5644330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"the fur boom trapping took more raccoons than hunting with dogs. The practice of coon hunting is sometimes associated with possum hunting, since the same dogs were often used, the animals are both climbers by nature, and are common in the same geographic areas. However, opossums are criticized for being too easy to hunt and too greasy to be edible if killed, and are seldom hunted today. Coon hunting continues to be popular in the rural South and Midwest. The \\\"Indianapolis Star\\\" noted in a 2014 article that while some coon hunters are \\\"overalls-clad people from the backwoods\\\", some earn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799690\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song)\",\n \"text\": \"the song, he comes out with another girl. The lyrics of the song, written by Svendsen, is about a person trying to make opinions and statements not influenced by what other people think of him/her. Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song) \\\"Impossible is Nothing\\\" is a song by heavy metal band Tonic Breed. It is the only song release from the band not to appear on a full-length studio album. The song was recorded in What it's Worth Studios in Råde, Norway, and is the first song by Tonic Breed to include Thomas Koksvik on lead guitar. On drums, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18296817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Different Breed of Killer\",\n \"text\": \"Bivins and What Lies Beneath. Bivins also announced the album would be released soon and that he designed the artwork for it. A Different Breed of Killer A Different Breed of Killer is an American deathcore band from Knoxville, Tennessee. They released their debut album, \\\"I, Colossus\\\", on April 29, 2008. Formed in October 2006, A Different Breed of Killer quickly made a name for themselves in the deathcore scene. Less than a year after their formation, the band signed with Rise Records and released \\\"I, Colossus\\\", which received generally positive reviews. The band has toured with such bands as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12453141\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon song\",\n \"text\": \"Pumpkin Colored Coons,\\\" \\\"Gib Me Ma 15 Cents,\\\" and \\\"My Dinah\\\"); Bob Cole (who wrote dozens of songs, including \\\"I Wonder What the Coon's Game Is?\\\" and \\\"No Coons Allowed\\\"); and Bert Williams and George Walker. Even classic ragtime composer Scott Joplin wrote at least one coon song (\\\"I Am Thinking of My Pickaninny Days\\\"), and may have composed the music for several more, using lyrics written by others. Coon songs almost always aimed to be funny and incorporated the syncopated rhythms of ragtime music. A coon song's defining characteristic, however, was its caricature of African Americans. In keeping with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10222902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"including one with an image of Cartman as the Coon, and one of Mysterion with the words, \\\"Who is Mysterion?\\\" \\\"The Coon\\\" is primarily a parody of dark-toned comic book movies. \\\"The Dark Knight\\\" (2008), \\\"The Spirit\\\" (2008) and \\\"Watchmen\\\" (2009) are the most commonly referred to films, but others such as \\\"Spider-Man 3\\\" (2007) are also frequently referenced. Matt Stone said the episode started as a parody specifically of \\\"Watchmen\\\", but then elements of other comic book films were added as the writing progressed. The music used in \\\"The Coon\\\" is inspired by the style of film scores by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song)\",\n \"text\": \"Impossible Is Nothing (Tonic Breed song) \\\"Impossible is Nothing\\\" is a song by heavy metal band Tonic Breed. It is the only song release from the band not to appear on a full-length studio album. The song was recorded in What it's Worth Studios in Råde, Norway, and is the first song by Tonic Breed to include Thomas Koksvik on lead guitar. On drums, the band hired a guest, Paal Johannesen. Impossible is Nothing was originally made for the Global Battle of the Bands competition, where Tonic Breed advanced to the national final in 2012. Impossible is Nothing did however\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18296815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon Chicken Inn\",\n \"text\": \"Coon Chicken Inn Coon Chicken Inn was an American chain of four restaurants founded by Maxon Lester Graham and Adelaide Burt in 1925, which prospered until the late 1950s. The restaurant's name contains the word \\\"Coon\\\", considered an ethnic slur, and the trademarks and entrances of the restaurants were designed to look like a smiling blackface caricature of an African-American porter. The smiling capped porter head also appeared on menus, dishes, and promotional items. Due to change in popular culture and the general consideration of being culturally and racially offensive, the chain has since been discontinued. The first Coon Chicken\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7945150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"of comic book based movies is perfectly done...Though not quite as funny as last week’s 'The Ring', 'The Coon' is right up there as a classic episode, ... A beacon of hope in the sometimes drab world of television,\\\" while at the same time, he believed the episode title, \\\"The Coon\\\" (being a well-known ethnic slur against black people) was a jab intended for Barack Obama, the first African American U.S. President. Percy Olsen, television editor for \\\"Student Life\\\", said \\\"The Coon\\\" was an improvement over \\\"The Ring\\\" because it was less heavy-handed in its morals. Olsen also said it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"crowd, however, is shocked to learn Mysterion's identity and, much to the regret of all except Coon, who says that he knew who Mysterion was, even calling him out on it at one point (though this helps the audience little as Cartman claimed that practically everyone in his class was Mysterion at times), Mysterion is hauled to prison. With Professor Chaos, General Disarray and Mysterion defeated, Cartman now perceives that he is the superhero in South Park and that every town should have a Coon like him. \\\"The Coon\\\" was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker. It first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"awareness about The Coon through word of mouth, nobody pays much attention to the Coon's efforts. When he reports \\\"crimes\\\" (such as mistaking a man innocently trying to kiss his date for a rapist) to the police department, he is threatened with jail time and snubbed off. During class, Cartman tries to hype up an appearance from the Coon, saying he will be on roof of a Walgreens later that evening. Cartman (as the Coon) shows up to the spot to find another child superhero named \\\"Mysterion\\\", who is far more successful in garnering appreciation as a crime stopping icon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\",\n \"text\": \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends \\\"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\\\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourteenth season and the 208th overall episode of Comedy Central's series \\\"South Park\\\". It originally aired on November 10, 2010. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. In its original American broadcast on November 10, 2010, \\\"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\\\" was watched by 3.249 million viewers, according to the Nielsen Media Research. It was the highest viewed scripted show. It received a 1.9 rating/5% share among adult viewers between ages\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15056999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Mysterion. The clip is available as a deleted scene in the thirteenth season DVD and Blu-ray sets. The superhero characters from \\\"The Coon\\\" returned in the fourteenth season episodes \\\"\\\", \\\"Mysterion Rises\\\" and \\\"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\\\", in which Mysterion is revealed. Keo Thongkham and Kevin Dalton, who serve as \\\"South Park\\\" storyboard artists, drew the detailed image of Mysterion that appeared in a news broadcast within the episode. Within a week of the episode's original broadcast, the online retailer Zazzle and South Park Studios, the official \\\"South Park\\\" website, released T-shirts and hooded sweatshirts based on the episode,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"in the episode, sent a thank you card to Parker and Stone after the episode aired. \\\"The Coon\\\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the thirteenth season on March 16, 2010. \\\"The Coon\\\" was also released on DVD in \\\"The Little Box of Butters\\\" on September 28, 2010. \\\"The Coon\\\" was re-released once more on DVD and Blu-ray as a \\\"bonus episode\\\" with the complete fourteenth season. Donning a disguise modeled after a raccoon, Cartman becomes a vigilante dubbed \\\"The Coon\\\", who attempts to wipe out crime in South Park. Though Cartman tries to raise\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\",\n \"text\": \"Bieber. \\\"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\\\", along with the thirteen other episodes from \\\"South Park\\\"'s fourteenth season, were released on a three-disc DVD set and two-disc Blu-ray set in the United States on April 26, 2011. Coon vs. Coon and Friends \\\"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\\\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourteenth season and the 208th overall episode of Comedy Central's series \\\"South Park\\\". It originally aired on November 10, 2010. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. In its original American broadcast on November 10,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15057013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"DVD collection \\\"A Little Box of Butters\\\". The Coon \\\"The Coon\\\" is the second episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \\\"South Park\\\". The 183rd episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 18, 2009. In the episode, Cartman poses as a superhero vigilante named \\\"The Coon\\\", who grows increasingly jealous of the popularity and success of a rival superhero named \\\"Mysterion\\\". The episode was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. It was originally conceived as an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155222\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"The Coon \\\"The Coon\\\" is the second episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \\\"South Park\\\". The 183rd episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 18, 2009. In the episode, Cartman poses as a superhero vigilante named \\\"The Coon\\\", who grows increasingly jealous of the popularity and success of a rival superhero named \\\"Mysterion\\\". The episode was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. It was originally conceived as an episode about the economic recession, but those\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"James Newton Howard and Hans Zimmer, both of whom collaborated on the scores for \\\"Batman Begins\\\" (2005) and \\\"The Dark Knight\\\". To promote the Coon, Cartman uses a similar tagline as was used to promote \\\"Darkman\\\", printing shirts asking \\\"Who is The Coon?\\\" The Coon and Mysterion use deep and ominous voices similar to that used by Christian Bale in the Batman films and Jackie Earle Haley as Rorschach in \\\"Watchmen\\\". Stone said he found Bale's voice particularly annoying in \\\"The Dark Knight\\\", and found it amusing that so many comic book movies had heroes whose voices were so low,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155213\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon song\",\n \"text\": \"she's my lady, I'm a hustling coon, ... dat's just what I am.</poem> Coon songs portrayed blacks as \\\"hot\\\", in this context meaning promiscuous and libidinous. They suggested that the most common living arrangement was a \\\"honey\\\" relationship (unmarried cohabitation), rather than marriage. Blacks were portrayed as inclined toward acts of provocative violence. Razors were often featured in the songs and came to symbolize blacks' wanton tendencies. However, violence in the songs was uniformly directed at blacks instead of whites (perhaps to discharge the threatening notion of black violence amongst the coon songs' predominantly white consumers). Hence, the spectre of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10222904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bleu du Maine\",\n \"text\": \"Bleu du Maine The Bleu du Maine (also known as \\\"Blauköpfiges Fleischschaf\\\" (German), \\\"Bazougers\\\", \\\"Bluefaced Maine\\\", \\\"Blue-headed Maine\\\", \\\"Maine-Anjou\\\", \\\"Maine à tête bleue\\\", \\\"Maynne Blue\\\") is a breed of domestic sheep that originated in western France, in the region common to the departments of Maine-et-Loire, Mayenne and Sarthe. A large, prolific sheep, the most distinctive characteristic of the breed is its bald, gray–blue head which is polled in both sexes. More common in France and the Netherlands, it has also been exported to the U.K., where it is sometimes used for the creation of cross–bred mules. Though this breed does\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11493737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"for coonhounds, sanctioned over 6,000 such hunts across the United States. The largest and most prestigious annual hunts, also called field trials, include the Autumn Oaks, Leafy Oaks, and Coonhunting World Championship. All are licensed UKC events. The Autumn Oaks is held in Richmond, Indiana and attracts competitors from 39 states and Canada. Another large annual hunt is the Grand American Coon Hunt, which has been held in Orangeburg, South Carolina since 1965 and is sanctioned by the American Coon Hunters' Association. It includes a popular bench or conformation show in addition to the hunting competition, and has special events\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon Creek Girls\",\n \"text\": \"Anderson, and Kate Smith. Also included were a troupe of Bascom Lunsford's square dancers and the Coon Creek Girls. In 1979, John Lair revived the name with the \\\"New Coon Creek Girls\\\", a combo which remained popular for several decades, despite numerous changes in line-up. Among the former members are Pamela Gadd and Pam Perry, who later became members of the country band Wild Rose. In 2013, the original touring group of the New Coon Creek Girls from 1985-87 (Vicki Simmons, Pam Perry Combs, Wanda Barnett, and Pam Gadd) made the decision to reunite in order to fund speech therapy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12944390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"the 1950s, staged nite hunts were created and by the 1970s had become popular with some hunts involving over one thousand dogs. In the 1970s, the price of raccoon pelts rose again to a high of 25 to 30 dollars each, and some people made their entire income from coon hunting. It was possible to catch ten raccoons per night in well-populated areas, with good dogs. One outdoors writer estimated that in 1985 there were 30 to 40 thousand coon hunters in Michigan alone. This market hunting largely died out by the late 1980s, and it is estimated that during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carleton S. Coon\",\n \"text\": \"groups in German-occupied Morocco under the guise of anthropological fieldwork. During that time, Coon was affiliated with the United States Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner to the Central Intelligence Agency. Coon left Harvard to take up a position as Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1948, which had an excellent museum. Throughout the 1950s he produced academic papers, as well as many popular books for the general reader, the most notable being \\\"The Story of Man\\\" (1954). Coon did photography work for the United States Air Force from 1954-1957. He photographed areas where US planes might\",\n \"psg_id\": \"849730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"raised the question, \\\"What ever happened to the goofy superhero movies? From Batman to the Hulk, it seems like every comic book hero movie has been given a splotch of mud and some dim lighting before being sent out the door.\\\" Genevieve Koski of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" gave the episode a B+ grade, although she did not like the \\\"non-reveal\\\" ending. She also said the target material for \\\"The Coon\\\" is too easy, but she said the episode was \\\"really likable\\\" and she particularly liked Cartman's growing frustration when his superhero persona is ignored. Travis Fickett of IGN also said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155219\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maine-Anjou cattle\",\n \"text\": \"Maine-Anjou cattle The Maine-Anjou is a French breed of domestic cattle, raised mainly in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France. It was created in the nineteenth century in the historic province of Maine by cross-breeding the local Mancelle dairy cattle with Durham stock from Britain, and was at first called the Durham-Mancelle. In France it has been known since 2004 as the , but the Maine-Anjou name continues to be used elsewhere. It was formerly a dual-purpose animal, raised both for meat and for milk, but is now principally a beef breed. The Maine-Anjou breed was created\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9079386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What is a Masterpiece?\",\n \"text\": \"What is a Masterpiece? What is a Masterpiece? is a 1979 non-fiction book by British historian Kenneth Clark. It is a transcribed version of the Walter Neurath memorial lectures given by Clark. The work, initially released on 1 January 1979, received a Thames & Hudson republication on 1 May 1992. Kenneth Clark had already achieved fame with a series of popular books while also serving as, from 1969 on, the writer, producer and presenter of the BBC programme, \\\"Civilisation\\\", a pioneering television documentary series. The prestigious series earned a Peabody Award as well as general commercial success. In the work,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18136420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carrie Coon\",\n \"text\": \"for both \\\"Fargo\\\" and \\\"The Leftovers\\\". In 2017, she played real life journalist Meg Greenfield in the Steven Spielberg-directed historical drama film \\\"The Post\\\". In 2018, Coon co-starred in the Steve McQueen heist thriller film \\\"Widows\\\". Coon provided the voice and motion capture for Proxima Midnight, a member of the Black Order and a child of Thanos, in the Russo Brothers-directed action film \\\"\\\" (2018). Coon married actor and playwright Tracy Letts in 2013. They have a son, born in 2018. Carrie Coon Carrie Alexandra Coon (born January 24, 1981) is an American actress. Coon is known for starring as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18141746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bleu du Maine\",\n \"text\": \"grow wool, it is raised primarily for meat. The Millennium Bleu is a new breed which began to be developed in the year 2000. It is a cross of a Bleu du Maine ewe with a Texel or Beltex ram. It is still rare in the U.K., and is used primarily as a terminal sire. Bleu du Maine The Bleu du Maine (also known as \\\"Blauköpfiges Fleischschaf\\\" (German), \\\"Bazougers\\\", \\\"Bluefaced Maine\\\", \\\"Blue-headed Maine\\\", \\\"Maine-Anjou\\\", \\\"Maine à tête bleue\\\", \\\"Maynne Blue\\\") is a breed of domestic sheep that originated in western France, in the region common to the departments of Maine-et-Loire,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11493738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon hunting\",\n \"text\": \"The book was unsuccessfully marketed to adults for several years before being tested at schools, where it became a mainstay. A movie of the same name was made in 1974, starring Beverly Garland, Stewart Peterson and James Whitmore. It was remade in 2003. Southern comedian and folk storyteller Jerry Clower released his record of \\\"The Coon Hunt\\\", a comic tale of a Mississippi coon hunt gone wrong, in the early 1970s. It became popular almost immediately, launching Clower's career, and remained his best-known work, in addition to bringing over $1 million in sales and ultimately becoming a platinum record for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19799692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pet Star\",\n \"text\": \"Search\\\". It is shown in the United Kingdom on Challenge. The winner of \\\"Pet Star\\\"'s first season was Skidboot from Quinlan, Texas. Skidboot died in March 2007; he was owned by David Hartwig. Finalists were Stunt Dog performer John Misita and Stunt Dog performer Kyra Sundance. The winner of \\\"Pet Star\\\"'s second season was a troupe of 9 dogs owned by circus performer Johnny Peers of Sarasota, Florida. The winner of \\\"Pet Star\\\"'s third season was Spencer Lococo, a male Rhodesian Ridgeback mixed breed from Lexington, Kentucky. His owner is John Flowers. Spencer won a place in the finals through\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4945795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"of U.S. President Barack Obama. Eventually, Cartman would discover the recession stemmed from the sale of Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville blenders, and he would have to battle singer Jimmy Buffett and investor Warren Buffett, who would be portrayed as Jimmy's brother. Eventually, the idea was scrapped, and \\\"The Coon\\\" turned into an episode revolving entirely around a comic book film parody. Elements of the economic recession and the Margaritaville blenders were eventually incorporated into future episode \\\"Margaritaville\\\". The identity of Mysterion is never revealed in \\\"The Coon\\\". After the episode aired, the question \\\"Who is Mysterion?\\\" became a frequently asked question\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joshua Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Coon earned his B.Sc. from Central Michigan University in 1988. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Florida in 2002, where he worked with Willard Harrison. Coon was a postdoctoral student in Donald Hunt's lab at the University of Virginia from 2002 to 2005. There Joshua Coon and John Syka developed electron-transfer dissociation (ETD). In 2005, Coon joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He became an Associate Professor in 2010, and a Professor in 2012. Joshua Coon Joshua Coon is a professor of chemistry and biomolecular chemistry and the inaugural holder of the Thomas and Margaret Pyle Chair at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14585330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard\",\n \"text\": \"Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard The Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard is a cemetery located in rural Colbert County, Alabama, USA, reserved specifically for the burial of coon dogs. Key Underwood established the cemetery on September 4, 1937 by burying his own dog there. Underwood chose the spot as it was previously a popular hunting camp. , more than 300 dogs are buried in the graveyard. Dogs must meet three requirements to qualify for burial at the cemetery: the owner must verify that their dog is a purebred coonhound, a witness must declare that the deceased is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10364970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon cheese\",\n \"text\": \"W. Coon became a cheese dealer in Philadelphia. He died in 1934, aged sixty two. Coon was working at the office in Philadelphia of the Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation at the time of his death, according to \\\"The Journal and Republican\\\" in Lowville, New York. Black British comedian Stephen K. Amos regularly performs a skit on Coon Cheese as part of his live show, due to the word \\\"Coon\\\" also being an ethnic slur used for black people. Coon cheese COON is the trademark of a cheddar cheese produced by Warrnambool Cheese and Butter company in Australia. It was first launched\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5641577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon Creek Girls\",\n \"text\": \"music camp for Simmons who underwent surgery for an aneurysm in 2008. As of 2014, Simmons has made an amazing recovery, and the band is still performing various reunion concerts. They are sponsored by Sassy Goat Milk Soap. From the Internet Archive (www.archive.org): Coon Creek Girls The Coon Creek Girls were a popular all-female \\\"string band\\\" in the Appalachian style of folk music (a precursor of country music) which began in the mid-1930s. Created (and named) by John Lair for his Renfro Valley Barn Dance show, the band originally consisted of sisters Lily May and Rosie Ledford (from Powell County,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12944391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard\",\n \"text\": \"politicians. Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard The Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard is a cemetery located in rural Colbert County, Alabama, USA, reserved specifically for the burial of coon dogs. Key Underwood established the cemetery on September 4, 1937 by burying his own dog there. Underwood chose the spot as it was previously a popular hunting camp. , more than 300 dogs are buried in the graveyard. Dogs must meet three requirements to qualify for burial at the cemetery: the owner must verify that their dog is a purebred coonhound, a witness must declare that the deceased is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10364975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Breed of Heroes\",\n \"text\": \"command, AAC(A) Sgt. Wheeler – Charles’ loafing platoon sergeant Capt. Henry Sandy – Battalion medical officer and ‘famous cad’ Beazley – Northern Ireland Correspondent for \\\"The Times\\\" \\\"A Breed of Heroes\\\" won the 1981 Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize and was shortlisted and became runner-up in the 1981 Booker Prize \\\"A Breed of Heroes\\\" was adapted for a BBC Television production by Charles Wood, starring Samuel West in 1994. The story of Charles Thoroughgood is continued in Alan Judd's 1996 novel \\\"Legacy\\\", having left the military he now works for MI6. A Breed of Heroes A Breed of Heroes is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9686162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"from the police and South Park citizens who want to know just \\\"Who is Mysterion?\\\" Cartman is angered by his lack of popularity and the attention Mysterion is receiving. Coon decides to rid the town of Mysterion, enlisting the help of Professor Chaos (Butters) and his sidekick General Disarray (Dougie). Unlike the Coon, Professor Chaos and General Disarray have become as familiar to the residents of South Park as Mysterion. Butters also wants to know the identity of Mysterion but can only narrow the list of suspects to the boys from Mr. Garrison's 4th grade class whose shapes do not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brent Coon\",\n \"text\": \"and lied to them about the effect of late filings on the value of their claims. Brent Coon Brent Coon is an American attorney and founder of Brent Coon & Associates. He worked on litigation that resulted from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. \\\"U.S. News & World Report\\\" named Beaumont-based Brent Coon & Associates a Best Law Firm of 2016. Following the Texas City Refinery explosion, Coon represented Eva Rowe, the daughter of Linda and James Rowe. Linda and James Rowe were among the 15 people who were killed in the refinery explosion. Brent Coon and Associates settled her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19663702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brent Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Brent Coon Brent Coon is an American attorney and founder of Brent Coon & Associates. He worked on litigation that resulted from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. \\\"U.S. News & World Report\\\" named Beaumont-based Brent Coon & Associates a Best Law Firm of 2016. Following the Texas City Refinery explosion, Coon represented Eva Rowe, the daughter of Linda and James Rowe. Linda and James Rowe were among the 15 people who were killed in the refinery explosion. Brent Coon and Associates settled her lawsuit against British Petroleum for an undisclosed amount and $32 million in donations to health care,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19663691\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jessica Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Jessica Coon Jessica Coon is an Associate Professor of linguistics at McGill University and Canada Research Chair in Syntax and Indigenous Languages. She was the linguistics expert consultant for the 2016 film \\\"Arrival\\\". Coon works on ergativity, split-ergativity, case and agreement, nominalization, field methodology, and collaborative language work in Ch'ol and Chuj (Mayan) and Mi'gmaq (Algonquian). Coon received her PhD from MIT in 2010 with a dissertation on ergativity in the Ch'ol language. Coon received her BA in linguistics-anthropology from Reed College in May 2004. Coon teaches linguistics to both graduate and undergraduate students at McGill University. In 2011, she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19863321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carleton S. Coon\",\n \"text\": \"French, the Hungarians, the Czechs, or the English. What is needed more than anything else in this respect is a thoroughgoing study of the inhabitants of the principal and most powerful nations of Europe. Summary of \\\"The Races of Europe\\\" <br>Coon's 1939 book concluded the following: According to Carleton Coon the \\\"homeland and cradle\\\" of the Mediterranean race is in the area from Morocco to Afghanistan. Coon argued that smaller Mediterraneans traveled by land from the Mediterranean basin north into Europe in the Mesolithic era. Taller Mediterraneans (Atlanto-Mediterraneans) were Neolithic seafarers who sailed in reed-type boats and colonized the Mediterranean\",\n \"psg_id\": \"849737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"it sounded like they were \\\"whispering, like you've been up all night smoking\\\". Cartman and Mysterion both refer to themselves as \\\"the symbol this town needs\\\", a line from \\\"The Dark Knight\\\", and Cartman encourages Butters to film a video threatening to blow up a hospital, the same as the Joker from a scene in that film. The opening shot of \\\"The Coon\\\" is also inspired by a sequence from \\\"Watchmen\\\": both feature a close-up of a city sidewalk and zoom out to someone looking down from the top of a tall skyscraper. A poster of the Coon shown at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"differ greatly from that of others. In contrast, he has nearly pinned down Coon's identity to a few fat celebrities, and Cartman. In a scheme to uncover Mysterion's identity, the Coon convinces Professor Chaos to threaten the destruction of a hospital unless Mysterion reveals his identity. After the Coon plants the TNT and leaves to buy detonators, Mysterion unexpectedly arrives. He points out that this is not Professor Chaos' usual style, and fights Professor Chaos and General Disarray on top of the building. A crowd forms below and cheers on Mysterion as the police take no actions, believing that their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carrie Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Carrie Coon Carrie Alexandra Coon (born January 24, 1981) is an American actress. Coon is known for starring as Nora Durst in the HBO drama series \\\"The Leftovers\\\" (2014–2017), for which she won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series. She starred as Gloria Burgle in the third season of the FX anthology series \\\"Fargo\\\" (2017), for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. Coon also won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama for both performances. On stage, Coon was nominated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18141739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Nu Breed Music Group\",\n \"text\": \"scene. In Late 2008 The Nu Breed Music Group Signed Harlem Entertainment Mogul Jayson \\\"J-Didda\\\" Butler and his Crezyrakk Records Imprint to a joint venture. A Nu Breed Compilation album entitled \\\"The Nu Breed : Chapter 1\\\", which showcases the talents of all the Nu Breed artist is planned to be released 2010. The Nu Breed Music Group recently created a website that keeps up to date with what is going on in the group. The Nu Breed Music Group The Nu Breed Music Group, commonly referred to as The Nu Breed Recording or just The Nu Breed, is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11543181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"start, Parker and Stone wrote Cartman as caring more about his superhero image than fighting crime, but as they worked further on the episode, it began to take up more and more of the story until they decided to make Cartman the only superhero of the four boys. Parker and Stone long planned to create an episode about the economic recession, and originally planned for Cartman to dress as a superhero named \\\"The Coon\\\" and fight the economy. This is why the opening scene of \\\"The Coon\\\" involves Cartman discussing the poor economic state of the nation and the election\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Coon\",\n \"text\": \"bullets are no match for Professor Chaos' aluminum foil armor. Dramatically, the Coon appears to fight on the side of Mysterion, with the hopes that he too will be hailed as a hero. At that point, Professor Chaos and General Disarray run off in defeat. After their victory, the Coon convinces Mysterion to unmask himself by claiming such threats to public safety will continue until Mysterion's secret is revealed. Despite the threat of imprisonment, Mysterion unmasks himself, showing the television viewers only the portion of his face that looks similar to almost all of Mr. Garrison's 4th grade class. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coon vs. Coon and Friends\",\n \"text\": \"with Cartman acting as Pussyfoot and Cthulhu as Marc Antony in his \\\"cute kitten\\\" routine. In his quest to \\\"make the world a better place\\\", the Coon (Eric Cartman's alter ego), persuades Cthulhu to destroy the Whole Food Market supermarket chain, which specializes in organic and healthy food. They attack the Burning Man festival, which is, according to Cartman, \\\"the biggest hippie festival in the world\\\". A news reporter at the site of the slaughter mistakes The Coon for \\\"Bruce Vilanch in a rat costume\\\", an assumption first made in \\\"The Coon\\\". Another target, and in Cartman's eyes, the \\\"most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15057008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joshua Coon\",\n \"text\": \"Joshua Coon Joshua Coon is a professor of chemistry and biomolecular chemistry and the inaugural holder of the Thomas and Margaret Pyle Chair at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and an affiliate of the Morgridge Institute for Research. Coon develops scientific instruments to measure molecules in living systems. He focuses specifically on the use of mass spectrometry to measure the molecular mass of biomolecules, and its application to proteomics. Joshua Coon, along with John Syka, developed electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) while working as a postdoctoral student in Donald Hunt's lab at the University of Virginia. Coon was born in Mount Pleasant, Michigan.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14585329\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Coon\",\n \"text\": \"David Coon David Charles Coon (born 28 October 1956 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2014 provincial election to represent the provincial electoral district of Fredericton South. He became the first elected Green MLA in New Brunswick history, the third Green parliamentarian elected in Canada, and has served as the Leader of the Green Party of New Brunswick since winning the leadership of his party in 2012. Coon resides in Fredericton, NB with his wife Janice Harvey, and daughter Laura Coon. A biologist by training, Coon worked\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16792649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pet ownership in Japan\",\n \"text\": \"for a not so pet-friendly country, Japanese have found ways to incorporate their pets into their everyday lives. One method is to choose small dog breeds as their companions. Some common dog breeds for Japanese families are chihuahuas, miniature dachshunds, and toy poodles. The most common reason for choosing small breed dogs are the lack of space, and easier cleaning. Although small dogs are preferred, one of the most popular dog breeds in Japan is the Shiba Inu, which can grow to be two feet tall and weigh up to 25 pounds. Some Japanese prefer the Shiba Inu because they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17171573\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["housecat","felis silvestris catus","cats have 9 lives","moggies","moggie","felis catus","alley-cat","🐈","felis domesticus catus","cats","house cat","domestic feline","evening crazies","common housecat","domestic cat","domestic cats","felis silverstris catus","tom (cat)","asocial aggression","a cat","domestic housecats","feline asocial aggression","felix domesticus","🐱","cat (animal)","moggy","felis domesticus","house cat","😻","midnight crazies","felis silvestris catus","felis cattus","domestic cat","house cats","goyang-i","domesticated cat","goyangi","felis familiaris","cat","felis sylvestris catus","felis cattus domesticus","felis catus domesticus","cat poison","feline sexual behavior","cat baths","housecats","f. catus","domestic cats","felis catus","pet cat","f. domesticus","felis silvestris domesticus","felis catus domesticus","domestic feline"],"string":"[\n \"housecat\",\n \"felis silvestris catus\",\n \"cats have 9 lives\",\n \"moggies\",\n \"moggie\",\n \"felis catus\",\n \"alley-cat\",\n \"🐈\",\n \"felis domesticus catus\",\n \"cats\",\n \"house cat\",\n \"domestic feline\",\n \"evening crazies\",\n \"common housecat\",\n \"domestic cat\",\n \"domestic cats\",\n \"felis silverstris catus\",\n \"tom (cat)\",\n \"asocial aggression\",\n \"a cat\",\n \"domestic housecats\",\n \"feline asocial aggression\",\n \"felix domesticus\",\n \"🐱\",\n \"cat (animal)\",\n \"moggy\",\n \"felis domesticus\",\n \"house cat\",\n \"😻\",\n \"midnight crazies\",\n \"felis silvestris catus\",\n \"felis cattus\",\n \"domestic cat\",\n \"house cats\",\n \"goyang-i\",\n \"domesticated cat\",\n \"goyangi\",\n \"felis familiaris\",\n \"cat\",\n \"felis sylvestris catus\",\n \"felis cattus domesticus\",\n \"felis catus domesticus\",\n \"cat poison\",\n \"feline sexual behavior\",\n \"cat baths\",\n \"housecats\",\n \"f. catus\",\n \"domestic cats\",\n \"felis catus\",\n \"pet cat\",\n \"f. domesticus\",\n \"felis silvestris domesticus\",\n \"felis catus domesticus\",\n \"domestic feline\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78282,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"for a point each, name the 4 countries that share a physical border with the islamic republic of pakistan."},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At the time Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan, today's Pakistan, and East Pakistan, today's Bangladesh. The President of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, became Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister.Later Imran Khan became prime minister in 2018. Important leaders in the Muslim League highlighted that Pakistan would be a \"New Medina\", in other words","psg_id":"16761496"},{"title":"Islamic republic","text":"Republic of Ichkeria used an Islamic republic government system from 1996 to 2000. Islamic republic An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania. Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Afghanistan adopted it in 2004 after the fall of the Taliban government. Despite having similar names the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws. The term \"Islamic","psg_id":"1696440"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"Nawaz Shareef became prime minister on May28. As of August 2013 national debates continue over the ongoing national isolation, the country's foreign policy, gun control, taxation, immigration, and anti-terrorism reforms. History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At the time Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan, today's Pakistan, and East Pakistan, today's Bangladesh. The President of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, became Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League,","psg_id":"16761585"},{"title":"Islamic republic","text":"Islamic republic An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania. Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Afghanistan adopted it in 2004 after the fall of the Taliban government. Despite having similar names the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws. The term \"Islamic republic\" has come to mean several different things, some contradictory to others. To","psg_id":"1696427"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"as the natural leader of the Islamic world, in large part due to its large population and military strength. A top ranking Muslim League leader, Khaliquzzaman, declared that Pakistan would bring together all Muslim countries into Islamistan – a pan-Islamic entity. The USA, which did not approve of Pakistan's creation, was against this idea and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee voiced international opinion at the time by stating that he wished that India and Pakistan would re-unite. Since most of the Arab world was undergoing a nationalist awakening at the time, there was little attraction in Pakistan's pan-Islamic aspirations. Some","psg_id":"16761513"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"year the first legislative elections were held in Pakistan, which saw the communists gaining control of East Pakistan. The 1954 election results clarified the differences in ideology between West and East Pakistan, with East Pakistan under the influence of the Communist Party allying with the Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal (Workers Party) and the Awami League. The pro-American Republican Party gained a majority in West Pakistan, ousting the PML government. After a vote of confidence in Parliament and the promulgation of the 1956 constitution, which confirmed Pakistan as an Islamic republic, two notable figures became prime minister and president, as the","psg_id":"16761517"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"of Islamists. The Constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic and Islam the state religion. It also stated that all laws would have to be brought into accordance with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah and that no law repugnant to such injunctions could be enacted. The 1973 Constitution also created institutions such as the Shariat Court and the Council of Islamic Ideology to channel and interpret the application of Islam to the law. In 1973 a serious nationalist rebellion took place in Balochistan province, which was harshly suppressed; the Shah of Iran purportedly assisted","psg_id":"16761544"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"country's first monetary policy by establishing the State Bank, the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Board of Revenue to improve statistical knowledge, finance, taxation, and revenue collection in the country. There were also problems because India cut off water supply to Pakistan from two canal headworks in its side of Punjab on 1 April 1948 and also withheld delivering Pakistan its share of the assets and funds of United India, which the Indian government released after Gandhi's pressurisation. Territorial problems arose with neighbouring Afghanistan over the Pakistan–Afghanistan border in 1949, and with India over the Line of Control","psg_id":"16761511"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"the second Islamic state established after the Prophet Muhammad's creation of an Islamic state in Medina. Pakistan was popularly envisaged as an Islamic utopia, a successor to the defunct Turkish Caliphate and a leader and protector of the entire Islamic world. Islamic scholars debated over whether it was possible for the proposed Pakistan to truly become an Islamic state. While the Indian National Congress's (Congress) top leadership had been in prison following the 1942 Quit India Movement, there was intense debate among Indian Muslims over the creation of a separate homeland. The majority of \"Barelvis\" and \"Barelvi ulema\" supported the","psg_id":"16761497"},{"title":"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations","text":"year, both the governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan drafted plans to talk to the Taliban. Cooperation between the two countries includes possible defence cooperation and intelligence sharing as well as further enhancing the two-way trade and abolishment of visas for diplomats from the two nations. Afghanistan–Pakistan relations Afghanistan–Pakistan relations involve bilateral relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The two neighbouring countries share deep historical and cultural links, each has declared itself an Islamic republic and both have become members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Relations between the two countries have been strained since 1947, when Pakistan first formed","psg_id":"11959633"},{"title":"Islamic republic","text":"for Legal Affairs. Pakistan was the first country to adopt the adjective \"Islamic\" to modify its republican status under its otherwise secular constitution in 1956. Despite this definition, the country did not have a state religion until 1973, when a new constitution, more democratic and less secular, was adopted. Pakistan only uses the \"Islamic\" name on its passports, visas, and coins. Although \"Islamic Republic\" is specifically mentioned in the Constitution of 1973, all government documents are prepared under the name of the Government of Pakistan. The Constitution of Pakistan, part IX, article 227 says \"All existing laws shall be brought","psg_id":"1696436"},{"title":"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations","text":"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations Afghanistan–Pakistan relations involve bilateral relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The two neighbouring countries share deep historical and cultural links, each has declared itself an Islamic republic and both have become members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Relations between the two countries have been strained since 1947, when Pakistan first formed and Afghanistan was the sole country to vote against Pakistan's admission into the UN. Afghanistan immediately armed separatist movements in the nascent Pakistan and made irredentist claims to large swathes of Pakistani territory—which prevented the emergence of normalised ties between the two countries. Further tensions","psg_id":"11959606"},{"title":"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation","text":"with the OIC. Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Pakistan continues to enjoy a privileged status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference). In terms of population, it is the OIC's second largest member. Being the only Muslim country with nuclear weapons, having the seventh-largest standing military force, through research at NESCOM and DESTO and a large labour workforce working in various Muslim countries, play a role in its prominence. It was under the pretext of the 2nd summit of OIC held in Lahore between 22–24 February 1974, that Pakistan recognised the","psg_id":"15222219"},{"title":"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation","text":"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Pakistan continues to enjoy a privileged status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference). In terms of population, it is the OIC's second largest member. Being the only Muslim country with nuclear weapons, having the seventh-largest standing military force, through research at NESCOM and DESTO and a large labour workforce working in various Muslim countries, play a role in its prominence. It was under the pretext of the 2nd summit of OIC held in Lahore between 22–24 February 1974, that Pakistan recognised the former or ex-Eastern","psg_id":"15222212"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"of the Arab countries saw the 'Islamistan' project as a Pakistani attempt to dominate other Muslim states. Pakistan vigorously championed the right of self-determination for Muslims around the world. Pakistan's efforts for the independence movements of Indonesia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Eritrea were significant and initially led to close ties between these countries and Pakistan. In a 1948 speech, Jinnah declared that \"Urdu alone would be the state language and the lingua franca of the Pakistan state\", although at the same time he called for the Bengali language to be the official language of the Bengal province. Nonetheless, tensions began","psg_id":"16761514"},{"title":"India–Pakistan border","text":"India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south. Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging","psg_id":"7823464"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"the continuation of his agenda after his death. Conservative Islamic scholars were appointed to the Council of Islamic Ideology. Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985 even though Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process. Zia's state-sponsored Islamization increased sectarian divisions in Pakistan between Sunnis and Shias due to his anti-Shia policies and also between Deobandis and Barelvis. Zia-ul-Haq forged a strong alliance between the military and Deobandi institutions. Possible motivations for the Islamization programme included Zia's personal piety (most accounts agree that he came from a religious family), his","psg_id":"16761551"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"When this news reached Pakistan, a shocked Sharif called a Defence Committee of the Cabinet meeting in Islamabad and vowed that \"she [Pakistan] would give a suitable reply to the Indians...\". After reviewing the effects of the tests for roughly two weeks Sharif ordered the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to perform a series of nuclear tests in the remote area of the Chagai Hills. The military forces in the country were mobilised at war-readiness on the Indian border. Internationally condemned, but extremely popular at home, Sharif took steps to control the economy. Sharif responded fiercely to international criticism and defused","psg_id":"16761568"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"were taken by Gillani to block all major NATO supply lines after a border skirmish between NATO and Pakistan. Relations with Russia improved in 2012, following a secret trip by the foreign minister Hina Khar. Following repeated delays by Gillani in following Supreme Court orders to probe corruption allegations he was charged with contempt of court and ousted on 26April 2012. He was succeeded by Pervez Ashraf. After the parliament completed its term, a first for Pakistan, elections held on 11May 2013 changed the country's political landscape when the conservative Pakistan Muslim League (N) achieved a near supermajority in parliament.","psg_id":"16761584"},{"title":"Myanmar–Pakistan relations","text":"Myanmar–Pakistan relations Myanmar–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Myanmar and Pakistan maintain diplomatic and trade relations. The bilateral relations were established in 14 August 1947 between Burma and Pakistan, which they shared border with each other when East Pakistan existed. Since 1988 both have embassies in each other's capitals. A historic fact that after the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Ambassador of Myanmar, U Pe Khin, was the first ever envoy to present his credentials to Governor-General of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Pakistan has a","psg_id":"17997884"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"in Kashmir. Diplomatic recognition became a problem when the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin did not welcome the partition which established Pakistan and India. Iran was the first country to recognise Pakistan in 1947. In 1948, Ben-Gurion of Israel sent a secret courier to Jinnah to establish the diplomatic relations, but Jinnah did not give any response to Ben-Gurion. After gaining Independence, Pakistan vigorously pursued bilateral relations with other Muslim countries and made a wholehearted bid for leadership of the Muslim world, or at least for leadership in achieving its unity. The Ali brothers had sought to project Pakistan","psg_id":"16761512"},{"title":"Myanmar–Pakistan relations","text":"getting access to the Indian Ocean Region. Pakistan is also building strategic ports in Myanmar.\" Myanmar–Pakistan relations Myanmar–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Myanmar and Pakistan maintain diplomatic and trade relations. The bilateral relations were established in 14 August 1947 between Burma and Pakistan, which they shared border with each other when East Pakistan existed. Since 1988 both have embassies in each other's capitals. A historic fact that after the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Ambassador of Myanmar, U Pe Khin, was the first ever","psg_id":"17997892"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"offer. When Jinnah died of tuberculosis in 1948, Islamic scholar Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani described Jinnah as the greatest Muslim after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and also compared Jinnah's death to the Prophet's passing. Usmani asked Pakistanis to remember Jinnah's message of \"Unity, Faith and Disipline\" and work to fulfil his dream: The first formal step to transform Pakistan into an ideological Islamic state was taken in March 1949 when Liaquat Ali Khan introduced the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly. The Objectives Resolution declared that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to God Almighty. Support for the Objectives Resolution","psg_id":"16761509"},{"title":"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)","text":"Ki-moon's spokesperson issued a statement that he wants the both countries \"to engage constructively to find a long-term solution for peace and stability in Kashmir\". India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab. Started from mid-July 2014, military officials and media reports of both countries gave different accounts of the incidents, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage both in Pakistan and","psg_id":"18281869"},{"title":"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation","text":"countries are member of OIC. More than 1900 officers from Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Palestine, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Iran, Ghana, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya and Oman have been trained in Pakistan Naval Academy. Pakistan SSGN has also trained officers from countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar and Iran. Pakistan is thought to have developed its atomic bomb programme with millions of dollars of contributory aid from (mostly) Saudi Arabia and Libyan oil wealth. Pakistan has always used OIC as a platform to gather support on the Kashmir conflict against the Republic of India. In 1969 King Hassan","psg_id":"15222216"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"and the transformation of Pakistan into an Islamic state was led by Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, a respected \"Deobandi alim\" (scholar) who occupied the position of Shaykh al-Islam in Pakistan in 1949, and Maulana Mawdud of Jamaat-i Islami. Indian Muslims from the United Provinces, Bombay, Central Provinces and other areas of India continued migrating to Pakistan throughout the 1950 and 1960s and settled mainly in urban Sindh, particularly in the new country's first capital, Karachi. Prime Minister Ali Khan established a strong government and had to face challenges soon after gaining the office. His Finance Secretary Victor Turner announced the","psg_id":"16761510"},{"title":"Foreign relations of Pakistan","text":"initiative led to the founding of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in 1985. In 1974, Pakistan became a critical entity in the militarization of the OIC and has historically maintained friendly relations with all the Arab and Muslim countries under the banner of OIC. Pakistan rejoined the Commonwealth in 1989. In 2004, Pakistan became a Major non-NATO ally of the United States. Pakistan was a member of the Commonwealth from 1947 to 1956 under the name 'Dominion of Pakistan'. From 1956 to 1972, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was a Commonwealth republic, when it was withdrawn in protest at the","psg_id":"314457"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"government. The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) according to Constitution is the only radio and television services in Iran. According to article 175 of Constitution the appointment and dismissal of the head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting rests with the Leader. A council consisting of two representatives each of the President, the head of the judiciary branch and the Islamic Consultative Assembly shall supervise the functioning of this organization. General staff of Armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the highest military body in Iran, with an aim to implement policy, monitor and coordinate activities","psg_id":"19589364"},{"title":"West Pakistan","text":"the control. In 1967, another martial law was imposed by another Army Commander-in-Chief, General Yahya Khan, who designated himself as the Chief Martial Law Administrator. West Pakistan had positive relations with the People's Republic of China, with whom it shared a small northern border. In 1950, Pakistan was among the first countries to end official diplomatic relations with the Taiwanese Republic of China and recognise the PRC. After that, both countries maintained an extremely close and supportive relationship. The PRC provided economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan during the Cold War, and the two countries considered each other to","psg_id":"458921"},{"title":"Iran–Pakistan border","text":"of the two countries had not taken the Baloch into their confidence on this matter, demanded that the construction of the wall be stopped immediately, and appealed to the international community to help the Baloch people. Iran–Pakistan border The Iran–Pakistan border is the international border between Iran and Pakistan, demarcating Pakistan's Balochistan province from Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan Province; it is 959 km (596 miles) in length. Since circa 2007 Iran has started constructing a border barrier as a replacement for an intermittent tattered border fence. The border begins at the tripoint with Afghanistan at the Kuh-i-Malik Salih mountain, then","psg_id":"10392372"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"over power to the East Pakistani party. Efforts were made to start a constitutional dialogue. Bhutto asked for a share in government saying \"Udhar tum, idhar hum\", meaning \"You in the east, I in the west\". The PPP's intellectuals maintained that the Awami League had no mandate in West Pakistan. Although President Khan invited the Awami League to a National Assembly session in Islamabad he did not ask them to form a government, due to opposition from the PPP. When no agreement was reached, President Khan appointed Bengali anti-war activist Nurul Amin as Prime Minister with the additional office of","psg_id":"16761537"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"Pakistan to strike back. This led the Indian Army to carry out a military exercise which mustered up to 400,000 troops near southern Pakistan. Facing an indirect war with the Soviet Union in the west, General Zia used cricket diplomacy to lessen the tensions with India. He also reportedly threatened India by saying to Rajiv Gandhi \"If your forces cross our border an inch... We are going to annihilate your (cities)...\". Under pressure from President Reagan, General Zia finally lifted martial law in 1985, holding non-partisan elections and handpicking Muhammad Khan Junejo to be the new prime minister. Junejo in","psg_id":"16761556"},{"title":"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic","text":"president of Alzahra University (and wife of Mir Hossein Mousavi). The Iranian Data Portal describes its original \"main goal\" as improving \"women’s rights in connection with inheritance, family, employment, and divorce, and to defend the presence and activity of women in the public sphere\". In the different elections to Iran's Parliamentary (Islamic Consultative Assembly) since 1984, the association has won as few as 0 seats (in 2008 and 2012) and as many as 4 (in 1996). Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic The Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic (, \"Jam’iat-e Zanan-e Jomhouri-e Islami\") is an","psg_id":"14315828"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"current commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the uniformed police force in Iran. It was established in 1992 by merging the Shahrbani , Gendarmerie and Committee of Iran into a single force, it has more than 60,000 police personnel served under the Ministry of Interior, including border patrol personnel. Brigadier General Hossein Ashtari is the current commander of this force. It is said that there are attempts to incorporate modern political and social concepts into Islamic canon since 1950. The attempt was a reaction to the secular political discourse","psg_id":"19589367"},{"title":"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"use of \"Islamic sources and...fatwas\" in matters where the Iranian law books are silent. This article guarantees the freedom of expression and dissemination of thoughts in the \"Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran\" when keeping with the Islamic criteria and best interests of the country. It gives the Leader the power to appoint and dismiss the head of the \"Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran\" and establishes a council with two representatives (six in total) from each branch of the government to supervise this organization. Chapter 8, which has only one article, establishes Iran's","psg_id":"3493405"},{"title":"Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran or Disciplinary Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( \"Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān\"), abbreviated as NAJA () is the uniformed police force in Iran. The force was created in early 1992 by merging the Shahrbani (), Gendarmerie () and Islamic Revolutionary Committees () into a single force. It has more than 60,000 police personnel, including border guard personnel, and is under the control of the Ministry of Interior. In 2003, some 400 women became the first female members of","psg_id":"7833692"},{"title":"India–Pakistan border","text":"the Pakistan's Punjab provincial border, is officially called the \"Working Boundary\" by Pakistan (which is a recent term) and international border by the Government of India. India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.","psg_id":"7823467"},{"title":"Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"dispersing gatherings deemed dangerous to public order. Marine police have 100 inshore patrol and 50 harbor boats. The Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran have a number of branches, each with specialized duties: Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran or Disciplinary Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( \"Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān\"), abbreviated as NAJA () is the uniformed police force in Iran. The force was created in early 1992 by merging the Shahrbani (), Gendarmerie () and Islamic Revolutionary Committees () into","psg_id":"7833702"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"one of the few Muslim countries where hijab for women is required by law. At the same time, it has \"the lowest mosque attendance of any Islamic country,\" according to Zohreh Soleimani of the BBC. Iranian clergy have complained that more than 70% of the population do not perform their daily prayers and that less than 2% attend Friday mosques. For religious minorities, life has been mixed under the Islamic Republic. Khomeini also called for unity between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims (Sunni Muslims are the largest religious minority in Iran). Pre-revolutionary statements by Khomeini were antagonistic towards Jews, but shortly","psg_id":"9638997"},{"title":"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic","text":"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic The Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic (, \"Jam’iat-e Zanan-e Jomhouri-e Islami\") is an Iranian reformist political party. It was the first officially registered party of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its stated goal is introducing \"genuine Islamic culture\", supporting \"the rights of the oppressed\", and facing \"out superpowers' imperial culture, racism and zionism,\" along with enhancing women's \"scientific, intellectual and cultural capabilities\", women's rights, \"increased women's participation\". It has been described as \"promoting\" the Islamic Republic \"through sponsoring candidates for the Majlis and participated in international conferences\". The society","psg_id":"14315825"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"2008. Prime Minister Gillani headed a collective government with the winning parties from each of the four provinces. Pakistan's political structure was changed to replace the semi-presidential system into a parliamentary democracy. Parliament unanimously passed the 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, which implemented this. It turns the President of Pakistan into a ceremonial head of state and transfers the authoritarian and executive powers to the Prime Minister. In 2009–11, Gillani, under pressure from the public and co-operating with the United States, ordered the armed forces to launch military campaigns against Taliban forces in the north-west of Pakistan. These","psg_id":"16761582"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"first Bengali leaders of the country. Huseyn Suhrawardy became the prime minister leading a communist-socialist alliance, and Iskander Mirza became the first president of Pakistan. Suhrawardy's foreign policy was directed towards improving the fractured relations with the Soviet Union and strengthening relations with the United States and China after paying first a state visit to each country. Announcing a new self-reliance program, Suhrawardy began building a massive military and launched a nuclear power program in the west in an attempt to legitimise his mandate in West Pakistan. Suhrawardy's efforts led to an American training program for the country's armed forces","psg_id":"16761518"},{"title":"State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus","text":"September 20, 1991, the border troops of the Committee for State Security of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (KGB of the BSSR). To manage the border units and subunits stationed in the republic, the General Directorate was established by order of the Supreme Soviet on January 16, 1992. To create a legal basis for the activities of the border troops of Belarus, the Supreme Council adopted Law No. 1908-XII “On the State Border of the Republic of Belarus”, and Law No. 1911-XII “On the Border Troops of the Republic of Belarus” on November 4-5, 1992. Primary tasks of the State","psg_id":"20985929"},{"title":"2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish","text":"the Line of Control in the Neelam Valley of Azad Kashmir. The Pakistan Army spokesperson dubbed the attack as unprovoked and said that three soldiers of the irregular Mujahid Battalion were killed. He further claimed that the soldiers came under fire when they were moving from one post to another. 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish The 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating","psg_id":"15882524"},{"title":"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation","text":"because of their move towards against the self-determination of Kashmiris as a form of aggression. These countries are the State of Israel, Armenia, Costa Rica, Liberia and Zambia. As a goodwill gesture of China's veto power in support of Pakistan at the UN Security Council, for example the Chinese opposition of UNSC resolution at Pakistan's behest demanding a ban on the militant organisation Jama'at-ud-Da'wah following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Pakistan assured China, that the OIC will not pass any resolution condemning China's 'strike hard' campaign against the Uighur Muslim minority. Pakistan therefore act as a contact point for China's engagement","psg_id":"15222218"},{"title":"Islamic republic","text":"establish the \"Islamic Republic\". Before the Islamic Republic referendum, some political groups suggested various names for the ideology of the Iranian revolution, such as the Republic (without Islam) or the democratic republic. But Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, asked people to vote for the name \"Islamic Republic\", not a word more and not a word less. According to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic Republic is a system based on beliefs in: According to a commentary on Constitution, just as the establishment of Islamic Republic system is based on the beliefs","psg_id":"1696430"},{"title":"2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish","text":"2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish The 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. India sources claimed that Pakistani Border Action Team (BAT) attacked a remote Indian Army post located at Gugaldhar ridge, Kupwara district on 30 July 2011. The post was manned by soldiers of the 19 Rajput Regiment and 20 Kumaon Regiment, the latter in the process of replacing the","psg_id":"15882518"},{"title":"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)","text":"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab. Started from mid-July 2014, military officials and media reports of both countries gave different accounts of the incidents, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage both in Pakistan and India and harsh reactions by the Indian and Pakistan armed forces and governments. Later in October 2014, the situation became aggressive, following which Indian Defence","psg_id":"18281862"},{"title":"Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border","text":"Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, also known as the Irish border, runs for from Lough Foyle in the north of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the northeast, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland. Border markings are comparatively inconspicuous, in common with many inter-state borders in the European Union. As both states share a Common Travel Area and are part of the European Single Market, the border is essentially an open one, allowing free passage of people since 1923 and of goods since 1993. There are approximately 270 public roads that cross the","psg_id":"5680501"},{"title":"Politics of Pakistan","text":"with the United States and other Western countries. Pakistan is also an important member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Pakistan has used the OIC as a forum for Enlightened Moderation, its plan to promote a renaissance and enlightenment in the Islamic world. Wary of Soviet expansion, Pakistan had strong relations with both the United States of America and the People's Republic of China during much of the Cold War. It was a member of the CENTO and SEATO military alliances. Its alliance with the United States was especially close after the Soviets invaded the neighbouring country of Afghanistan.","psg_id":"314245"},{"title":"Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States","text":"Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States The Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States is a part of the Pakistani Embassy in Washington, D.C., and is the de facto consular representation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States. Iranian students seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran during the 1979 Iranian Revolution, leading to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Iran and the United States. As part of the Algiers Accords of 1981, the two countries agreed to establish \"interests sections\" to look after their interests in","psg_id":"5438926"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107-112). The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially a theocratic republic. Article 2 of Constitution explains the principles of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, called the Supreme Leadership Authority officially in Iran. This post was established by the Article 5 of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with the concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. This post is a life tenure post. Article 109 is about \"the Leadership Qualifications\" and Article 110 mentions","psg_id":"19589353"},{"title":"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations","text":"in Pakistan. Pakistan and Czech Republic have also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to increase military and defence cooperation between the two countries. Pakistan Minister for Defence Production, Abdul Qayyum Jatoi and Czech Republic visiting Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister of Czech Republic Martin Bartak and signed the MoU on behalf of their countries. In 2017, the Česká zbrojovka (CZ) confirmed that it had finalized agreements over the sale of arms technology to the Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF). The Czech company Velká Bíteš has also sold 100 miniature turbofan engines for Pakistani drones. In 2016, the Czech defense","psg_id":"15219834"},{"title":"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"will witness the establishment of a universal holy government and the downfall of all others.\" (See also: Mahdi and Mohammed al-Mahdi) Article 1 states that the form of Government in Iran is that of an Islamic Republic. It explains this form is due to the referendum passed by 98% of the eligible voters of Iran and gives credit to Imam Khomeini for the victorious revolution. Article 2 defines an Islamic Republic as a system based on belief in: Article 3 states the objective of the Islamic Republic is to direct all of its resources to a number of goals. These","psg_id":"3493389"},{"title":"Islamic republic","text":"some Muslim religious leaders in the Middle East and Africa who advocate it, an Islamic republic is a state under a particular Islamic form of government. They see it as a compromise between a purely Islamic caliphate and secular nationalism and republicanism. In their conception of the Islamic republic, the penal code of the state is required to be compatible with some or all laws of Sharia, and the state may not be a monarchy, as many Middle Eastern states are presently. Iran officially uses the name \"Islamic Republic\" in all governance names referring to the country, e.g. Islamic Republic","psg_id":"1696428"},{"title":"Pakistan","text":"God as the sole sovereign over the entire universe, represented the first formal step to transform Pakistan into an Islamic state. Muslim League leader Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman asserted that Pakistan could only truly become an Islamic state after bringing all believers of Islam into a single political unit. Keith Callard, one of the earliest scholars on Pakistani politics, observed that Pakistanis believed in the essential unity of purpose and outlook in the Muslim world and assumed that Muslim from other countries would share their views on the relationship between religion and nationality. However, Pakistan's pan-Islamist sentiments for a united Islamic bloc","psg_id":"309846"},{"title":"Egypt–Pakistan relations","text":"countries. Egypt–Pakistan relations Egypt–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Modern relations traced back to 1947 when founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah paid a farewell visit to Egypt on the special invitation sent by King Fuad II. Egypt has an embassy in Islamabad and Pakistan has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries are members of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) and the \"D8\". Pakistan and Egypt are both designated Major Non-NATO allies, giving them access to certain levels of hardware and surplus military equipment from the","psg_id":"12876496"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"within Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Major general Mohammad Hossein Bagheri is the current chief of this staff. The Islamic Republic of Iran Army is the \"conventional military of Iran\" and part of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The army is tasked to protect the territorial integrity of Iranian state from external and internal threats and to project power. According to article 143 of Constitution the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran is responsible for guarding the independence and territorial integrity of the country, as well as the order of the Islamic Republic.","psg_id":"19589365"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"human stem cells, although in terms of articles per capita basis, it reportedly ranked 16th in the world. Ayatollah Khomeini was the ruler of (or at least dominant figure in) Iran for a decade, from the founding of the Islamic Republic in April 1979 until his death in mid-1989. During that time the revolution was being consolidated as a theocratic republic under Khomeini, and Iran was fighting a costly and bloody war with Iraq. The Islamic Republic of Iran began with the Iranian Revolution. The first major demonstrations to overthrow Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978. The new","psg_id":"9639001"},{"title":"Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"for 25 minutes without being detected, before returning safely to its base. On November 2, 2012, Iran's Brigadier General Hassan Seifi reported that the Iranian Army had achieved self-suffiency in producing military equipment, and that the abilities of Iranian scientists have enabled the country to make significant progress in this field. He was quoted saying, Unlike Western countries which hide their new weapons and munitions from all, the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army is not afraid of displaying its latest military achievements and all countries must become aware of Iran's progress in producing weaponry.\" Iran has produced several domestically developed","psg_id":"11189441"},{"title":"Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border","text":"post-Brexit border patrol named the \"Soft Border Patrol\" was produced by the BBC. The following cities, towns and villages are located on the border or not far from it (listed from Lough Foyle to Carlingford Lough): Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, also known as the Irish border, runs for from Lough Foyle in the north of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the northeast, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland. Border markings are comparatively inconspicuous, in common with many inter-state borders in the European Union. As both states share a Common Travel Area","psg_id":"5680534"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"involved in supporting Muslims around the world. ISI's Director-General Javed Nasir later confessed that despite the UN arms embargo on Bosnia the ISI airlifted anti-tank weapons and missiles to the Bosnian \"mujahideen\" which turned the tide in favour of Bosnian Muslims and forced the Serbs to lift the siege of Sarajevo. Under Nasir's leadership the ISI was also involved in supporting Chinese Muslims in Xinjiang Province, rebel Muslim groups in the Philippines, and some religious groups in Central Asia. Pakistan was one of only three countries which recognised the Taliban government and Mullah Mohammed Omar as the legitimate ruler of","psg_id":"16761564"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"United India, but with adaptational authority to ensure a British withdrawal with minimal setbacks. British leaders including Mountbatten did not support the creation of Pakistan but failed to convince Jinnah. Mountbatten later confessed that he would most probably have sabotaged the creation of Pakistan had he known that Jinnah was dying of tuberculosis. Soon after he arrived, Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile for even that short a wait. Although his advisers favoured a gradual transfer of independence, Mountbatten decided the only way forward was a quick and orderly transfer of independence before 1947 was out. In his","psg_id":"16761503"},{"title":"2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish","text":"2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish On 5 May 2017, an armed skirmish occurred after Afghan forces attacked a Pakistani census team in Chaman, in Pakistan near the border with Afghanistan. At least 15 people died on both sides in the immediate border clash. It is one of a series of similar border-related incidents between the two countries. In February 2017, Pakistan closed the border crossings at Torkham and Chaman due to security reasons following the Sehwan blast. Hours after the blast, the Pakistan Army reportedly launched \"strikes\" on militant bases in Nangarhar, Afghanistan. In March, 32 days after it was closed,","psg_id":"20140579"},{"title":"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"59 referendum which must be approved by a supermajority of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The article further stipulates that particular aspects of the Constitution are unalterable: the Islamic character of government and laws, the objectives of the republic, the democratic character of the government, “the absolute wilayat al-'amr and the leadership of the Ummah”, the administration of the country by referendum, and the official religion of Islam. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of","psg_id":"3493407"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"in the area of economics and a high-level foreign policy, as he served as a diplomat before his election. He has moved quickly to engage in diplomatic negotiations with Western countries, seeking the lifting of crippling economic sanctions on oil exports in exchange for Iran's cooperation with UN treaties regarding the development of nuclear weapons. History of the Islamic Republic of Iran One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The patriotic monarchy was replaced by an","psg_id":"9639054"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"1965, after Pakistan went ahead with its strategic infiltration mission in Kashmir codenamed Operation Gibraltar, India declared full-scale war against Pakistan. The war, which ended militarily in a stalemate, was mostly fought in the west. Controversially, the East Pakistani Army did not interfere in the conflict and this caused anger in West Pakistan against East Pakistan. The war with India was met with disfavor by the United States, which dismayed Pakistan by adopting a policy of denying military aid to both India and Pakistan. Positive gains were several treaties strengthening Pakistan's historical bonds with its western neighbours in Asia. A","psg_id":"16761527"},{"title":"Foreign relations of Pakistan","text":"Asian nations. Pakistan has a strategic geo-political location at the corridor of world major maritime oil supply lines, and has close proximity to the resource and oil rich central Asian countries. Pakistan has been maintaining a tensed relationship with neighbouring Republic of India and close relationships with People's Republic of China and Arab nations. Pakistan is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), is ranked by the US as a major non-NATO ally in the war against terrorism and one of founding members of IMCTC. The foreign policy of Pakistan sets out in the way it interacts with","psg_id":"314442"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates and procedures for election, as well as the President's powers and responsibilities as \"functions of the executive\". These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs; and appointing ministers subject to the approval of Parliament. According to article 114 the President of Iran is elected for a four-year term by the direct vote of the people and may not serve for more than two consecutive terms or more than 8 years. The current","psg_id":"19589358"},{"title":"Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces","text":"Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces awards and decorations are the collections of military awards which granted to Iranian military based on their performance history. One of the most common awards are Medals. The Medal is a symbol that, with the agreement of the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces, is accorded to the armed forces in order to appreciate, encourage and strengthen the morale. Recipients will be allowed to install these medals on their identical clothing in accordance with the specific instructions of each medal. Before the Islamic","psg_id":"20871020"},{"title":"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation","text":"of Morocco invited the Government of India for the 1969 Summit in Rabat. But after Pakistan then ruler Gen Yahya Khan threatened to walk out, King Hassan requested the Indian delegates not to attend the meeting. During the OIC 1994 Conference in Tehran, Pakistan succeeded in persuading the member countries to create the \"OIC Contact Group on Kashmir\". The Foreign Minister of Pakistan would discuss the possibility of cutting ties with any state that recognized Jammu and Kashmir as \"Integral part of India\" by safeguarding our national security and geo-strategic interests including Kashmir; some countries are not recognized by Pakistan","psg_id":"15222217"},{"title":"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic","text":"is also known as the Women's Association of the Islamic Republic and the Society of the Women of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The secretary general of the society has been Zahra Mostafavi, a daughter of Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. \"Nida\", is the official quarterly organ of the society. The party was established 1987. In December 1987 it established a committee to combat \"bad hejab\" (i.e. insufficiently modest covering of women's hair and heads), holding a rally of `Vanguards of Chastity` (\"tali'eh-daran-e `efaf\") and setting up subcommittees to conduct research on \"Western cultural penetration\"","psg_id":"14315826"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"Legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Articles 62-90 of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are about Islamic Consultative Assembly.In Article 71 is mentioned that The Islamic Consultative Assembly can establish laws on all matters, within the limits of its competence as laid down in the Constitution. According to Article 62 The Islamic consultative Assembly is constituted by the representatives of the people elected directly and by secret ballot. Article 64 notes There are to be two hundred seventy members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly which, keeping in view the human, political, geographic and other similar factors,","psg_id":"19589355"},{"title":"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations","text":"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations Czech Republic–Pakistan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Pakistan. Czech diplomatic relations with Pakistan were formally established on 27 September 1950 by Czechoslovakia and re-established by the Czech Republic in 1991. Pakistan has an embassy in Prague and the Czech Republic has an embassy in Islamabad. Bilateral annual trade between the two countries is around US$100 million. Czech major imports from Pakistan include textile and leather, whereas Pakistan main imports from Czech Republic include machinery, paper & paperboard and electrical and electronic equipment. Czech Republic has made investment in medical equipment, pharmaceuticals and textiles","psg_id":"15219833"},{"title":"Germans in the Czech Republic","text":"Following municipalities had in 2011 share of German ethnicity population over 6%: Government statistics also showed 21,216 German citizens living in the CR as of December 31, 2016. The Deutsche Schule Prag is a German international school in Prague. Germans in the Czech Republic There are various communities of Germans in the Czech Republic (, ). After the Czech Republic joined the European Union in the 2004 enlargement and was incorporated into the Schengen Area, migration between the two countries became relatively unrestricted. Both countries share a land border of 815 kilometers (506 mi). In the 2001 census, 39,106 Czech","psg_id":"7400168"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"authoritarian institutions also regained their statuses. This decree was limited to West Pakistan, it had no effect on East Pakistan. Civilians in Ayub Khan's administration were dismissed by the military government which replaced them with military officers. The Election Commission registered 24 political parties, and public meetings attracted many large crowds. On the eve of the elections, a cyclone struck East Pakistan killing approximately 500,000 people, though this event did not deter people from participating in the first ever general election. Mobilizing support for their Six Points manifesto the Awami League secured electoral support in East Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's","psg_id":"16761535"},{"title":"Kosovo–Pakistan relations","text":"Kosovo–Pakistan relations Kosovan–Pakistani relations are foreign relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan recognised Kosovo on 24 December 2012 become the 98th state that recognised Kosovo. Simultaneously, Pakistan's ambassador to the Republic of Turkey in Ankara was accredited to the Republic of Kosovo. In February 2008, the Pakistani Foreign Ministry released the following statement: \"We understand and support the legitimate aspirations of the Kosovars and the need for peace in Kosovo and the region. Pakistan is watching the developments in Kosovo carefully. We have noted the recognition extended by a number of important countries","psg_id":"16492283"},{"title":"Kosovo–Pakistan relations","text":"Kosovo–Pakistan relations Kosovan–Pakistani relations are foreign relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan recognised Kosovo on 24 December 2012 become the 98th state that recognised Kosovo. Simultaneously, Pakistan's ambassador to the Republic of Turkey in Ankara was accredited to the Republic of Kosovo. In February 2008, the Pakistani Foreign Ministry released the following statement: \"We understand and support the legitimate aspirations of the Kosovars and the need for peace in Kosovo and the region. Pakistan is watching the developments in Kosovo carefully. We have noted the recognition extended by a number of important countries","psg_id":"16492277"},{"title":"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations","text":"ministry expressed interests in having Czech troops trained by the Pakistani military. Czech Republic–Pakistan relations Czech Republic–Pakistan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Pakistan. Czech diplomatic relations with Pakistan were formally established on 27 September 1950 by Czechoslovakia and re-established by the Czech Republic in 1991. Pakistan has an embassy in Prague and the Czech Republic has an embassy in Islamabad. Bilateral annual trade between the two countries is around US$100 million. Czech major imports from Pakistan include textile and leather, whereas Pakistan main imports from Czech Republic include machinery, paper & paperboard and electrical and electronic","psg_id":"15219835"},{"title":"Iranian Islamic Republic Day","text":"were announced, with 98.2 percent of the Iranians voting for an Islamic Republic. Before the referendum, some political groups suggested various name for the ideology of the revolution, such as a Republic (without Islam) or democratic republic. But Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, asked the people to vote for an the Islamic Republic, not a word more and not one less word. 12 Farvardin is a book about events of Islamic Republic Day by Saeed Zahedi. Also other books were published about this day. 12 Farvardin is also the day of the Martyrdom of Imam","psg_id":"18689957"},{"title":"9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran The 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly was 33rd Parliament of Iran that commenced on 27 May 2012 following the legislative elections on 2 March and 4 May 2012 and was closed on 24 May 2016. The parliament was dominated by the conservatives. There were two main parliamentary groups active during the term: The majority Followers of Wilayat (\"Rahrovan\") led by Ali Larijani and chaired by Kazem Jalali, along with the minority Principlists fraction led by Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel. The latter was composed of more conservative groupings such as Paydari and Pathseekers, however Larijani's fraction","psg_id":"20250362"},{"title":"9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"was hostile towards President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In the first session Speaker election, Haddad-Adel lost to Larijani with 100 to 173 votes out of total 275. 9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran The 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly was 33rd Parliament of Iran that commenced on 27 May 2012 following the legislative elections on 2 March and 4 May 2012 and was closed on 24 May 2016. The parliament was dominated by the conservatives. There were two main parliamentary groups active during the term: The majority Followers of Wilayat (\"Rahrovan\") led by Ali Larijani and chaired by Kazem Jalali, along","psg_id":"20250363"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"country. Within weeks Ayub Khan lost the momentum in West Pakistan and his image was damaged in public circles. In 1968, Ayub Khan decided to celebrate his “Decade of Development,” it was strongly condemned by leftist students and they decided to celebrate, instead, a “Decade of Decadence. Leftists accused him of encouraging crony capitalism, the exploitation of workers and the suppression of the rights and ethnic-nationalism of the Bengalis (in East Pakistan), Sindhis, the Baloch and the Pakhtun Amidst further allegations that economic development and hiring for government jobs favoured West Pakistan, Bengali nationalism began to increase and an independence","psg_id":"16761530"},{"title":"Iraq–Pakistan relations","text":"considers Pakistan \"a Muslim super power\" and that Iraq was willing to supply Pakistan with oil unconditionally. In 2014 Iraq purchased the Super Mushak trainer aircraft from Pakistan as part of improving defense relations between the two countries. Iraq–Pakistan relations Iraq–Pakistan relations refers to the foreign relations between the Republic of Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Cultural interaction and economic trade between Indus Valley and Mesopotamia date back to 1800 BCE. In 1955 Iraq and Pakistan joined the Baghdad Pact, a military alliance against the Soviet Union. However, when the king of Iraq was assassinated in 1958, Iraq","psg_id":"12569039"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"Peshawar to overfly the Soviet Union in 1960. The same year Pakistan signed the Indus Waters Treaty with India in an attempt to normalise relations. Relations with China strengthened after the Sino-Indian War, with a boundary agreement being signed in 1963; this shifted the balance of the Cold War by bringing Pakistan and China closer together while loosening ties between Pakistan and the United States. In 1964 the Pakistani Armed Forces quelled a suspected pro-communist revolt in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, West Pakistan, allegedly supported by communist Afghanistan. During the controversial 1965 presidential elections, Ayub Khan almost lost to Fatima Jinnah. In","psg_id":"16761526"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (, known simply as Neẓām () among its supporters, and Režim () among its dissidents) is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the revolution and fall of Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. Its constitution, adopted by a referendum, uses separation of powers model with Executive, Legislative, and Judicial systems, while the Supreme Leader is the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. It is currently one of the four governments using the title Islamic republic in the","psg_id":"19589349"},{"title":"West Pakistan","text":"leadership, participated with full force and became vital players in the country's politics. The long border between Afghanistan and West Pakistan was uneasy. This is due in part to the independent Pashtun tribes that inhabit the area. In addition, the physical boundary is uncertain: the 1893 Durand Line was used by West Pakistan to mark the border between the two countries, but Afghanistan has never recognised that frontier. In 1955, diplomatic relations were severed with the ransacking of Pakistan's embassy. In 1961, Pakistan Armed Forces suppressed an Afghan invasion in the Bajaur region of Pakistan. West Pakistan had hostile relations","psg_id":"458917"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"which met with great opposition in East Pakistan. His party in the East Pakistan Parliament threatened to leave the state of Pakistan. Suhrawardy also verbally authorised the leasing the Inter-Services Intelligence's (ISI) secret installation at Peshawar Air Station to the CIA to conduct operations in the Soviet Union. Differences in East Pakistan further encouraged Baloch separatism, and in an attempt to intimidate the communists in East Pakistan President Mirza initiated massive arrests of communists and party workers of the Awami League, which damaged the image of West Pakistan in the east. The western contingent's lawmakers determinately followed the idea of","psg_id":"16761519"},{"title":"Pakistan","text":"Pakistan Pakistan (), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (), is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. The territory that now","psg_id":"309813"},{"title":"Egypt–Pakistan relations","text":"Egypt–Pakistan relations Egypt–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Modern relations traced back to 1947 when founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah paid a farewell visit to Egypt on the special invitation sent by King Fuad II. Egypt has an embassy in Islamabad and Pakistan has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries are members of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) and the \"D8\". Pakistan and Egypt are both designated Major Non-NATO allies, giving them access to certain levels of hardware and surplus military equipment from the United","psg_id":"12876491"},{"title":"Arab Islamic Republic","text":"also accusations of Tunisian foreign ministers being bribed by Libya. Whatever the case may be, the unification with Libya never ended up happening and relations between the two countries steadily deteriorated. Arab Islamic Republic The Arab Islamic Republic ( \"\") was a proposed unification of Tunisia and Libya in 1974, agreed upon by Libyan head of state Muammar Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba. Additional countries — Morocco and Algeria — were later included in the proposal, which was never implemented. The attempted merger between Tunisia and Libya took place in a historical and regional context. Maghrebi regional politics played","psg_id":"4431221"},{"title":"Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"is carried out according to the criminal procedure and the accused ones can enjoy having lawyers during the entire trial procedure. The Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces currently has prosecutors office and courts-martial in all the provinces' capitals. These courts are responsible for adjudicating the crimes committed within the jurisdiction of each province. Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces is part of the Iranian judiciary. Composed of prosecutor offices and courts-martial, it is the only specialized judicial authority anticipated in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic","psg_id":"20243508"},{"title":"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"to the government in Islam, the need for the clergy’s independent financial organization, Islam as a way of life, advising and guiding youth and necessity of being community. Allameh Tabatabei refers to velayat as a political philosophy for Shia and velayat faqih for Shia community. There are also other attempts to formulate new attitude of Islam such as the publication of three volumes of Maktab Tashayyo. Also somebodies believe that it is indispensable to revive the religious gathered in Hoseyniyeh-e-Ershad. Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (, known simply as Neẓām","psg_id":"19589369"},{"title":"Kosovo–Pakistan relations","text":"Republic of Kosovo. Simultaneously they established diplomatic relations with Pakistan's Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey in Ankara being accredited to the Republic of Kosovo as non-resident Ambassador. In late October 2013 during a meeting in London between Kosovar President Atifete Jahjaga and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif it was agreed to boost economic trade between the two countries and avoid double taxation on goods. Each leader was invited and to one another's country for a state visit, and both leaders accepted the invitation. At the meeting Pakistan also agreed to support Kosovo's membership in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.","psg_id":"16492282"},{"title":"Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces","text":"to all services: Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces awards and decorations are the collections of military awards which granted to Iranian military based on their performance history. One of the most common awards are Medals. The Medal is a symbol that, with the agreement of the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces, is accorded to the armed forces in order to appreciate, encourage and strengthen the morale. Recipients will be allowed to install these medals on their identical clothing in accordance with the specific instructions of each medal.","psg_id":"20871022"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan","text":"Islamic doctrine. New criminal offences of adultery, fornication and types of blasphemy, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death, were added to Pakistani law. Interest payments for bank accounts were replaced by \"profit and loss\" payments. \"Zakat\" charitable donations became a 2.5% annual tax. School textbooks and libraries were overhauled to remove un-Islamic material. Offices, schools and factories were required to offer prayer space. Zia bolstered the influence of the Islamic clergy and the Islamic parties, whilst conservative scholars became fixtures on television. Thousands of activists from the Jamaat-e-Islami party were appointed to government posts to ensure","psg_id":"16761550"},{"title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran","text":"must be replaced by the Islamic Republic.\" The war continued for another six years under the slogans `War, War until Victory,` and `The Road to Jerusalem Goes through Karbala,` but other countries, particularly the Soviet Union gave crucial aid to Iraq. The Iraqis also used chemical weapons against Iranian soldiers. As the costs mounted and Iranian morale waned, Khomeini finally accepted a truce called for by . By 1988, Iran was nearly bankrupted by the ruinous costs of the war and its manpower pool also exhausted. The Iranian Army in desperation began resorting to using boys as young as 14","psg_id":"9639014"},{"title":"Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting","text":"Khamenei. With 13,000 employees and branches in 20 countries worldwide, including France, Belgium, Malaysia, Lebanon, United Kingdom, the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting offers both domestic and foreign radio and television services, broadcasting 12 domestic television channels, 4 international news television channels, six satellite television channels for international audiences, and 30 provincial television channel available countrywide, half of which make use of local accents or dialects. The IRIB provides twelve radio stations for domestic audiences and through the IRIB World Service thirty radio stations are available for foreign and international audiences. It also publishes the Persian-language newspaper","psg_id":"3441211"},{"title":"Share a Coke","text":"out in over 80 countries. In Australia, the advertising agency, Ogilvy have estimated that the campaign increased Coke's share of the category by 4% and increased consumption by young adults by 7%. The campaign received multiple awards at the Creative Effectiveness Lion Awards at Cannes. In the United States, where the campaign is credited with increasing sales by more than 2% and according to a piece by \"The Atlantic\" writer Kalle Oskari Mattila, said to have reversed more than 10 years of decline in Coke consumption, the company and its agency has sought ways to extend the campaign while maintaining","psg_id":"17487049"},{"title":"2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish","text":"considered for this purpose. According to \"Dawn\", the Pakistani side \"made it clear\" to the Afghans that the two villages affected by the incident belonged to Pakistan's side of the border. On 11 May, the completed survey reports were sent to the governments of both countries. On 27 May, Pakistan said it opened the border on \"humanitarian grounds\" after a request from Afghan authorities, following the start of Ramadan. This marked the end of a closure lasting 22 days. 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish On 5 May 2017, an armed skirmish occurred after Afghan forces attacked a Pakistani census team in","psg_id":"20140588"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At the time Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan, today's Pakistan, and East Pakistan, today's Bangladesh. The President of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, became Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister.Later Imran Khan became prime minister in 2018. Important leaders in the Muslim League highlighted that Pakistan would be a \\\"New Medina\\\", in other words\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761496\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islamic republic\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of Ichkeria used an Islamic republic government system from 1996 to 2000. Islamic republic An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania. Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Afghanistan adopted it in 2004 after the fall of the Taliban government. Despite having similar names the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws. The term \\\"Islamic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1696440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"Nawaz Shareef became prime minister on May28. As of August 2013 national debates continue over the ongoing national isolation, the country's foreign policy, gun control, taxation, immigration, and anti-terrorism reforms. History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At the time Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan, today's Pakistan, and East Pakistan, today's Bangladesh. The President of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, became Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islamic republic\",\n \"text\": \"Islamic republic An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania. Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Afghanistan adopted it in 2004 after the fall of the Taliban government. Despite having similar names the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws. The term \\\"Islamic republic\\\" has come to mean several different things, some contradictory to others. To\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1696427\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"as the natural leader of the Islamic world, in large part due to its large population and military strength. A top ranking Muslim League leader, Khaliquzzaman, declared that Pakistan would bring together all Muslim countries into Islamistan – a pan-Islamic entity. The USA, which did not approve of Pakistan's creation, was against this idea and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee voiced international opinion at the time by stating that he wished that India and Pakistan would re-unite. Since most of the Arab world was undergoing a nationalist awakening at the time, there was little attraction in Pakistan's pan-Islamic aspirations. Some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"year the first legislative elections were held in Pakistan, which saw the communists gaining control of East Pakistan. The 1954 election results clarified the differences in ideology between West and East Pakistan, with East Pakistan under the influence of the Communist Party allying with the Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal (Workers Party) and the Awami League. The pro-American Republican Party gained a majority in West Pakistan, ousting the PML government. After a vote of confidence in Parliament and the promulgation of the 1956 constitution, which confirmed Pakistan as an Islamic republic, two notable figures became prime minister and president, as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"of Islamists. The Constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic and Islam the state religion. It also stated that all laws would have to be brought into accordance with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah and that no law repugnant to such injunctions could be enacted. The 1973 Constitution also created institutions such as the Shariat Court and the Council of Islamic Ideology to channel and interpret the application of Islam to the law. In 1973 a serious nationalist rebellion took place in Balochistan province, which was harshly suppressed; the Shah of Iran purportedly assisted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"country's first monetary policy by establishing the State Bank, the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Board of Revenue to improve statistical knowledge, finance, taxation, and revenue collection in the country. There were also problems because India cut off water supply to Pakistan from two canal headworks in its side of Punjab on 1 April 1948 and also withheld delivering Pakistan its share of the assets and funds of United India, which the Indian government released after Gandhi's pressurisation. Territorial problems arose with neighbouring Afghanistan over the Pakistan–Afghanistan border in 1949, and with India over the Line of Control\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"the second Islamic state established after the Prophet Muhammad's creation of an Islamic state in Medina. Pakistan was popularly envisaged as an Islamic utopia, a successor to the defunct Turkish Caliphate and a leader and protector of the entire Islamic world. Islamic scholars debated over whether it was possible for the proposed Pakistan to truly become an Islamic state. While the Indian National Congress's (Congress) top leadership had been in prison following the 1942 Quit India Movement, there was intense debate among Indian Muslims over the creation of a separate homeland. The majority of \\\"Barelvis\\\" and \\\"Barelvi ulema\\\" supported the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761497\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"year, both the governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan drafted plans to talk to the Taliban. Cooperation between the two countries includes possible defence cooperation and intelligence sharing as well as further enhancing the two-way trade and abolishment of visas for diplomats from the two nations. Afghanistan–Pakistan relations Afghanistan–Pakistan relations involve bilateral relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The two neighbouring countries share deep historical and cultural links, each has declared itself an Islamic republic and both have become members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Relations between the two countries have been strained since 1947, when Pakistan first formed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11959633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islamic republic\",\n \"text\": \"for Legal Affairs. Pakistan was the first country to adopt the adjective \\\"Islamic\\\" to modify its republican status under its otherwise secular constitution in 1956. Despite this definition, the country did not have a state religion until 1973, when a new constitution, more democratic and less secular, was adopted. Pakistan only uses the \\\"Islamic\\\" name on its passports, visas, and coins. Although \\\"Islamic Republic\\\" is specifically mentioned in the Constitution of 1973, all government documents are prepared under the name of the Government of Pakistan. The Constitution of Pakistan, part IX, article 227 says \\\"All existing laws shall be brought\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1696436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Afghanistan–Pakistan relations Afghanistan–Pakistan relations involve bilateral relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The two neighbouring countries share deep historical and cultural links, each has declared itself an Islamic republic and both have become members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Relations between the two countries have been strained since 1947, when Pakistan first formed and Afghanistan was the sole country to vote against Pakistan's admission into the UN. Afghanistan immediately armed separatist movements in the nascent Pakistan and made irredentist claims to large swathes of Pakistani territory—which prevented the emergence of normalised ties between the two countries. Further tensions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11959606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\",\n \"text\": \"with the OIC. Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Pakistan continues to enjoy a privileged status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference). In terms of population, it is the OIC's second largest member. Being the only Muslim country with nuclear weapons, having the seventh-largest standing military force, through research at NESCOM and DESTO and a large labour workforce working in various Muslim countries, play a role in its prominence. It was under the pretext of the 2nd summit of OIC held in Lahore between 22–24 February 1974, that Pakistan recognised the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15222219\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\",\n \"text\": \"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Pakistan continues to enjoy a privileged status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference). In terms of population, it is the OIC's second largest member. Being the only Muslim country with nuclear weapons, having the seventh-largest standing military force, through research at NESCOM and DESTO and a large labour workforce working in various Muslim countries, play a role in its prominence. It was under the pretext of the 2nd summit of OIC held in Lahore between 22–24 February 1974, that Pakistan recognised the former or ex-Eastern\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15222212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"of the Arab countries saw the 'Islamistan' project as a Pakistani attempt to dominate other Muslim states. Pakistan vigorously championed the right of self-determination for Muslims around the world. Pakistan's efforts for the independence movements of Indonesia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Eritrea were significant and initially led to close ties between these countries and Pakistan. In a 1948 speech, Jinnah declared that \\\"Urdu alone would be the state language and the lingua franca of the Pakistan state\\\", although at the same time he called for the Bengali language to be the official language of the Bengal province. Nonetheless, tensions began\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"India–Pakistan border\",\n \"text\": \"India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south. Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7823464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"the continuation of his agenda after his death. Conservative Islamic scholars were appointed to the Council of Islamic Ideology. Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985 even though Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process. Zia's state-sponsored Islamization increased sectarian divisions in Pakistan between Sunnis and Shias due to his anti-Shia policies and also between Deobandis and Barelvis. Zia-ul-Haq forged a strong alliance between the military and Deobandi institutions. Possible motivations for the Islamization programme included Zia's personal piety (most accounts agree that he came from a religious family), his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"When this news reached Pakistan, a shocked Sharif called a Defence Committee of the Cabinet meeting in Islamabad and vowed that \\\"she [Pakistan] would give a suitable reply to the Indians...\\\". After reviewing the effects of the tests for roughly two weeks Sharif ordered the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to perform a series of nuclear tests in the remote area of the Chagai Hills. The military forces in the country were mobilised at war-readiness on the Indian border. Internationally condemned, but extremely popular at home, Sharif took steps to control the economy. Sharif responded fiercely to international criticism and defused\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"were taken by Gillani to block all major NATO supply lines after a border skirmish between NATO and Pakistan. Relations with Russia improved in 2012, following a secret trip by the foreign minister Hina Khar. Following repeated delays by Gillani in following Supreme Court orders to probe corruption allegations he was charged with contempt of court and ousted on 26April 2012. He was succeeded by Pervez Ashraf. After the parliament completed its term, a first for Pakistan, elections held on 11May 2013 changed the country's political landscape when the conservative Pakistan Muslim League (N) achieved a near supermajority in parliament.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Myanmar–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Myanmar–Pakistan relations Myanmar–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Myanmar and Pakistan maintain diplomatic and trade relations. The bilateral relations were established in 14 August 1947 between Burma and Pakistan, which they shared border with each other when East Pakistan existed. Since 1988 both have embassies in each other's capitals. A historic fact that after the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Ambassador of Myanmar, U Pe Khin, was the first ever envoy to present his credentials to Governor-General of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Pakistan has a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17997884\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"in Kashmir. Diplomatic recognition became a problem when the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin did not welcome the partition which established Pakistan and India. Iran was the first country to recognise Pakistan in 1947. In 1948, Ben-Gurion of Israel sent a secret courier to Jinnah to establish the diplomatic relations, but Jinnah did not give any response to Ben-Gurion. After gaining Independence, Pakistan vigorously pursued bilateral relations with other Muslim countries and made a wholehearted bid for leadership of the Muslim world, or at least for leadership in achieving its unity. The Ali brothers had sought to project Pakistan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Myanmar–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"getting access to the Indian Ocean Region. Pakistan is also building strategic ports in Myanmar.\\\" Myanmar–Pakistan relations Myanmar–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Myanmar and Pakistan maintain diplomatic and trade relations. The bilateral relations were established in 14 August 1947 between Burma and Pakistan, which they shared border with each other when East Pakistan existed. Since 1988 both have embassies in each other's capitals. A historic fact that after the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Ambassador of Myanmar, U Pe Khin, was the first ever\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17997892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"offer. When Jinnah died of tuberculosis in 1948, Islamic scholar Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani described Jinnah as the greatest Muslim after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and also compared Jinnah's death to the Prophet's passing. Usmani asked Pakistanis to remember Jinnah's message of \\\"Unity, Faith and Disipline\\\" and work to fulfil his dream: The first formal step to transform Pakistan into an ideological Islamic state was taken in March 1949 when Liaquat Ali Khan introduced the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly. The Objectives Resolution declared that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to God Almighty. Support for the Objectives Resolution\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)\",\n \"text\": \"Ki-moon's spokesperson issued a statement that he wants the both countries \\\"to engage constructively to find a long-term solution for peace and stability in Kashmir\\\". India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab. Started from mid-July 2014, military officials and media reports of both countries gave different accounts of the incidents, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage both in Pakistan and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18281869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\",\n \"text\": \"countries are member of OIC. More than 1900 officers from Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Palestine, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Iran, Ghana, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya and Oman have been trained in Pakistan Naval Academy. Pakistan SSGN has also trained officers from countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar and Iran. Pakistan is thought to have developed its atomic bomb programme with millions of dollars of contributory aid from (mostly) Saudi Arabia and Libyan oil wealth. Pakistan has always used OIC as a platform to gather support on the Kashmir conflict against the Republic of India. In 1969 King Hassan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15222216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"and the transformation of Pakistan into an Islamic state was led by Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, a respected \\\"Deobandi alim\\\" (scholar) who occupied the position of Shaykh al-Islam in Pakistan in 1949, and Maulana Mawdud of Jamaat-i Islami. Indian Muslims from the United Provinces, Bombay, Central Provinces and other areas of India continued migrating to Pakistan throughout the 1950 and 1960s and settled mainly in urban Sindh, particularly in the new country's first capital, Karachi. Prime Minister Ali Khan established a strong government and had to face challenges soon after gaining the office. His Finance Secretary Victor Turner announced the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761510\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"initiative led to the founding of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in 1985. In 1974, Pakistan became a critical entity in the militarization of the OIC and has historically maintained friendly relations with all the Arab and Muslim countries under the banner of OIC. Pakistan rejoined the Commonwealth in 1989. In 2004, Pakistan became a Major non-NATO ally of the United States. Pakistan was a member of the Commonwealth from 1947 to 1956 under the name 'Dominion of Pakistan'. From 1956 to 1972, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was a Commonwealth republic, when it was withdrawn in protest at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"314457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"government. The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) according to Constitution is the only radio and television services in Iran. According to article 175 of Constitution the appointment and dismissal of the head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting rests with the Leader. A council consisting of two representatives each of the President, the head of the judiciary branch and the Islamic Consultative Assembly shall supervise the functioning of this organization. General staff of Armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the highest military body in Iran, with an aim to implement policy, monitor and coordinate activities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"West Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"the control. In 1967, another martial law was imposed by another Army Commander-in-Chief, General Yahya Khan, who designated himself as the Chief Martial Law Administrator. West Pakistan had positive relations with the People's Republic of China, with whom it shared a small northern border. In 1950, Pakistan was among the first countries to end official diplomatic relations with the Taiwanese Republic of China and recognise the PRC. After that, both countries maintained an extremely close and supportive relationship. The PRC provided economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan during the Cold War, and the two countries considered each other to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"458921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iran–Pakistan border\",\n \"text\": \"of the two countries had not taken the Baloch into their confidence on this matter, demanded that the construction of the wall be stopped immediately, and appealed to the international community to help the Baloch people. Iran–Pakistan border The Iran–Pakistan border is the international border between Iran and Pakistan, demarcating Pakistan's Balochistan province from Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan Province; it is 959 km (596 miles) in length. Since circa 2007 Iran has started constructing a border barrier as a replacement for an intermittent tattered border fence. The border begins at the tripoint with Afghanistan at the Kuh-i-Malik Salih mountain, then\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10392372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"over power to the East Pakistani party. Efforts were made to start a constitutional dialogue. Bhutto asked for a share in government saying \\\"Udhar tum, idhar hum\\\", meaning \\\"You in the east, I in the west\\\". The PPP's intellectuals maintained that the Awami League had no mandate in West Pakistan. Although President Khan invited the Awami League to a National Assembly session in Islamabad he did not ask them to form a government, due to opposition from the PPP. When no agreement was reached, President Khan appointed Bengali anti-war activist Nurul Amin as Prime Minister with the additional office of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"Pakistan to strike back. This led the Indian Army to carry out a military exercise which mustered up to 400,000 troops near southern Pakistan. Facing an indirect war with the Soviet Union in the west, General Zia used cricket diplomacy to lessen the tensions with India. He also reportedly threatened India by saying to Rajiv Gandhi \\\"If your forces cross our border an inch... We are going to annihilate your (cities)...\\\". Under pressure from President Reagan, General Zia finally lifted martial law in 1985, holding non-partisan elections and handpicking Muhammad Khan Junejo to be the new prime minister. Junejo in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic\",\n \"text\": \"president of Alzahra University (and wife of Mir Hossein Mousavi). The Iranian Data Portal describes its original \\\"main goal\\\" as improving \\\"women’s rights in connection with inheritance, family, employment, and divorce, and to defend the presence and activity of women in the public sphere\\\". In the different elections to Iran's Parliamentary (Islamic Consultative Assembly) since 1984, the association has won as few as 0 seats (in 2008 and 2012) and as many as 4 (in 1996). Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic The Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic (, \\\"Jam’iat-e Zanan-e Jomhouri-e Islami\\\") is an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14315828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"current commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the uniformed police force in Iran. It was established in 1992 by merging the Shahrbani , Gendarmerie and Committee of Iran into a single force, it has more than 60,000 police personnel served under the Ministry of Interior, including border patrol personnel. Brigadier General Hossein Ashtari is the current commander of this force. It is said that there are attempts to incorporate modern political and social concepts into Islamic canon since 1950. The attempt was a reaction to the secular political discourse\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"use of \\\"Islamic sources and...fatwas\\\" in matters where the Iranian law books are silent. This article guarantees the freedom of expression and dissemination of thoughts in the \\\"Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran\\\" when keeping with the Islamic criteria and best interests of the country. It gives the Leader the power to appoint and dismiss the head of the \\\"Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran\\\" and establishes a council with two representatives (six in total) from each branch of the government to supervise this organization. Chapter 8, which has only one article, establishes Iran's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3493405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran or Disciplinary Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( \\\"Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān\\\"), abbreviated as NAJA () is the uniformed police force in Iran. The force was created in early 1992 by merging the Shahrbani (), Gendarmerie () and Islamic Revolutionary Committees () into a single force. It has more than 60,000 police personnel, including border guard personnel, and is under the control of the Ministry of Interior. In 2003, some 400 women became the first female members of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7833692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"India–Pakistan border\",\n \"text\": \"the Pakistan's Punjab provincial border, is officially called the \\\"Working Boundary\\\" by Pakistan (which is a recent term) and international border by the Government of India. India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7823467\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"dispersing gatherings deemed dangerous to public order. Marine police have 100 inshore patrol and 50 harbor boats. The Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran have a number of branches, each with specialized duties: Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran or Disciplinary Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( \\\"Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān\\\"), abbreviated as NAJA () is the uniformed police force in Iran. The force was created in early 1992 by merging the Shahrbani (), Gendarmerie () and Islamic Revolutionary Committees () into\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7833702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"one of the few Muslim countries where hijab for women is required by law. At the same time, it has \\\"the lowest mosque attendance of any Islamic country,\\\" according to Zohreh Soleimani of the BBC. Iranian clergy have complained that more than 70% of the population do not perform their daily prayers and that less than 2% attend Friday mosques. For religious minorities, life has been mixed under the Islamic Republic. Khomeini also called for unity between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims (Sunni Muslims are the largest religious minority in Iran). Pre-revolutionary statements by Khomeini were antagonistic towards Jews, but shortly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9638997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic The Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic (, \\\"Jam’iat-e Zanan-e Jomhouri-e Islami\\\") is an Iranian reformist political party. It was the first officially registered party of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its stated goal is introducing \\\"genuine Islamic culture\\\", supporting \\\"the rights of the oppressed\\\", and facing \\\"out superpowers' imperial culture, racism and zionism,\\\" along with enhancing women's \\\"scientific, intellectual and cultural capabilities\\\", women's rights, \\\"increased women's participation\\\". It has been described as \\\"promoting\\\" the Islamic Republic \\\"through sponsoring candidates for the Majlis and participated in international conferences\\\". The society\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14315825\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"2008. Prime Minister Gillani headed a collective government with the winning parties from each of the four provinces. Pakistan's political structure was changed to replace the semi-presidential system into a parliamentary democracy. Parliament unanimously passed the 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, which implemented this. It turns the President of Pakistan into a ceremonial head of state and transfers the authoritarian and executive powers to the Prime Minister. In 2009–11, Gillani, under pressure from the public and co-operating with the United States, ordered the armed forces to launch military campaigns against Taliban forces in the north-west of Pakistan. These\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"first Bengali leaders of the country. Huseyn Suhrawardy became the prime minister leading a communist-socialist alliance, and Iskander Mirza became the first president of Pakistan. Suhrawardy's foreign policy was directed towards improving the fractured relations with the Soviet Union and strengthening relations with the United States and China after paying first a state visit to each country. Announcing a new self-reliance program, Suhrawardy began building a massive military and launched a nuclear power program in the west in an attempt to legitimise his mandate in West Pakistan. Suhrawardy's efforts led to an American training program for the country's armed forces\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus\",\n \"text\": \"September 20, 1991, the border troops of the Committee for State Security of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (KGB of the BSSR). To manage the border units and subunits stationed in the republic, the General Directorate was established by order of the Supreme Soviet on January 16, 1992. To create a legal basis for the activities of the border troops of Belarus, the Supreme Council adopted Law No. 1908-XII “On the State Border of the Republic of Belarus”, and Law No. 1911-XII “On the Border Troops of the Republic of Belarus” on November 4-5, 1992. Primary tasks of the State\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20985929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish\",\n \"text\": \"the Line of Control in the Neelam Valley of Azad Kashmir. The Pakistan Army spokesperson dubbed the attack as unprovoked and said that three soldiers of the irregular Mujahid Battalion were killed. He further claimed that the soldiers came under fire when they were moving from one post to another. 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish The 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15882524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\",\n \"text\": \"because of their move towards against the self-determination of Kashmiris as a form of aggression. These countries are the State of Israel, Armenia, Costa Rica, Liberia and Zambia. As a goodwill gesture of China's veto power in support of Pakistan at the UN Security Council, for example the Chinese opposition of UNSC resolution at Pakistan's behest demanding a ban on the militant organisation Jama'at-ud-Da'wah following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Pakistan assured China, that the OIC will not pass any resolution condemning China's 'strike hard' campaign against the Uighur Muslim minority. Pakistan therefore act as a contact point for China's engagement\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15222218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islamic republic\",\n \"text\": \"establish the \\\"Islamic Republic\\\". Before the Islamic Republic referendum, some political groups suggested various names for the ideology of the Iranian revolution, such as the Republic (without Islam) or the democratic republic. But Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, asked people to vote for the name \\\"Islamic Republic\\\", not a word more and not a word less. According to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic Republic is a system based on beliefs in: According to a commentary on Constitution, just as the establishment of Islamic Republic system is based on the beliefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1696430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish\",\n \"text\": \"2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish The 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. India sources claimed that Pakistani Border Action Team (BAT) attacked a remote Indian Army post located at Gugaldhar ridge, Kupwara district on 30 July 2011. The post was manned by soldiers of the 19 Rajput Regiment and 20 Kumaon Regiment, the latter in the process of replacing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15882518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)\",\n \"text\": \"India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab. Started from mid-July 2014, military officials and media reports of both countries gave different accounts of the incidents, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage both in Pakistan and India and harsh reactions by the Indian and Pakistan armed forces and governments. Later in October 2014, the situation became aggressive, following which Indian Defence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18281862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, also known as the Irish border, runs for from Lough Foyle in the north of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the northeast, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland. Border markings are comparatively inconspicuous, in common with many inter-state borders in the European Union. As both states share a Common Travel Area and are part of the European Single Market, the border is essentially an open one, allowing free passage of people since 1923 and of goods since 1993. There are approximately 270 public roads that cross the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5680501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"with the United States and other Western countries. Pakistan is also an important member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Pakistan has used the OIC as a forum for Enlightened Moderation, its plan to promote a renaissance and enlightenment in the Islamic world. Wary of Soviet expansion, Pakistan had strong relations with both the United States of America and the People's Republic of China during much of the Cold War. It was a member of the CENTO and SEATO military alliances. Its alliance with the United States was especially close after the Soviets invaded the neighbouring country of Afghanistan.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"314245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States The Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States is a part of the Pakistani Embassy in Washington, D.C., and is the de facto consular representation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the United States. Iranian students seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran during the 1979 Iranian Revolution, leading to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Iran and the United States. As part of the Algiers Accords of 1981, the two countries agreed to establish \\\"interests sections\\\" to look after their interests in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5438926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107-112). The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially a theocratic republic. Article 2 of Constitution explains the principles of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, called the Supreme Leadership Authority officially in Iran. This post was established by the Article 5 of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with the concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. This post is a life tenure post. Article 109 is about \\\"the Leadership Qualifications\\\" and Article 110 mentions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"in Pakistan. Pakistan and Czech Republic have also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to increase military and defence cooperation between the two countries. Pakistan Minister for Defence Production, Abdul Qayyum Jatoi and Czech Republic visiting Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister of Czech Republic Martin Bartak and signed the MoU on behalf of their countries. In 2017, the Česká zbrojovka (CZ) confirmed that it had finalized agreements over the sale of arms technology to the Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF). The Czech company Velká Bíteš has also sold 100 miniature turbofan engines for Pakistani drones. In 2016, the Czech defense\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15219834\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"will witness the establishment of a universal holy government and the downfall of all others.\\\" (See also: Mahdi and Mohammed al-Mahdi) Article 1 states that the form of Government in Iran is that of an Islamic Republic. It explains this form is due to the referendum passed by 98% of the eligible voters of Iran and gives credit to Imam Khomeini for the victorious revolution. Article 2 defines an Islamic Republic as a system based on belief in: Article 3 states the objective of the Islamic Republic is to direct all of its resources to a number of goals. These\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3493389\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islamic republic\",\n \"text\": \"some Muslim religious leaders in the Middle East and Africa who advocate it, an Islamic republic is a state under a particular Islamic form of government. They see it as a compromise between a purely Islamic caliphate and secular nationalism and republicanism. In their conception of the Islamic republic, the penal code of the state is required to be compatible with some or all laws of Sharia, and the state may not be a monarchy, as many Middle Eastern states are presently. Iran officially uses the name \\\"Islamic Republic\\\" in all governance names referring to the country, e.g. Islamic Republic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1696428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"God as the sole sovereign over the entire universe, represented the first formal step to transform Pakistan into an Islamic state. Muslim League leader Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman asserted that Pakistan could only truly become an Islamic state after bringing all believers of Islam into a single political unit. Keith Callard, one of the earliest scholars on Pakistani politics, observed that Pakistanis believed in the essential unity of purpose and outlook in the Muslim world and assumed that Muslim from other countries would share their views on the relationship between religion and nationality. However, Pakistan's pan-Islamist sentiments for a united Islamic bloc\",\n \"psg_id\": \"309846\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Egypt–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"countries. Egypt–Pakistan relations Egypt–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Modern relations traced back to 1947 when founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah paid a farewell visit to Egypt on the special invitation sent by King Fuad II. Egypt has an embassy in Islamabad and Pakistan has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries are members of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) and the \\\"D8\\\". Pakistan and Egypt are both designated Major Non-NATO allies, giving them access to certain levels of hardware and surplus military equipment from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12876496\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"within Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Major general Mohammad Hossein Bagheri is the current chief of this staff. The Islamic Republic of Iran Army is the \\\"conventional military of Iran\\\" and part of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The army is tasked to protect the territorial integrity of Iranian state from external and internal threats and to project power. According to article 143 of Constitution the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran is responsible for guarding the independence and territorial integrity of the country, as well as the order of the Islamic Republic.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"human stem cells, although in terms of articles per capita basis, it reportedly ranked 16th in the world. Ayatollah Khomeini was the ruler of (or at least dominant figure in) Iran for a decade, from the founding of the Islamic Republic in April 1979 until his death in mid-1989. During that time the revolution was being consolidated as a theocratic republic under Khomeini, and Iran was fighting a costly and bloody war with Iraq. The Islamic Republic of Iran began with the Iranian Revolution. The first major demonstrations to overthrow Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978. The new\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9639001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"for 25 minutes without being detected, before returning safely to its base. On November 2, 2012, Iran's Brigadier General Hassan Seifi reported that the Iranian Army had achieved self-suffiency in producing military equipment, and that the abilities of Iranian scientists have enabled the country to make significant progress in this field. He was quoted saying, Unlike Western countries which hide their new weapons and munitions from all, the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army is not afraid of displaying its latest military achievements and all countries must become aware of Iran's progress in producing weaponry.\\\" Iran has produced several domestically developed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11189441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border\",\n \"text\": \"post-Brexit border patrol named the \\\"Soft Border Patrol\\\" was produced by the BBC. The following cities, towns and villages are located on the border or not far from it (listed from Lough Foyle to Carlingford Lough): Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, also known as the Irish border, runs for from Lough Foyle in the north of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the northeast, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland. Border markings are comparatively inconspicuous, in common with many inter-state borders in the European Union. As both states share a Common Travel Area\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5680534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"involved in supporting Muslims around the world. ISI's Director-General Javed Nasir later confessed that despite the UN arms embargo on Bosnia the ISI airlifted anti-tank weapons and missiles to the Bosnian \\\"mujahideen\\\" which turned the tide in favour of Bosnian Muslims and forced the Serbs to lift the siege of Sarajevo. Under Nasir's leadership the ISI was also involved in supporting Chinese Muslims in Xinjiang Province, rebel Muslim groups in the Philippines, and some religious groups in Central Asia. Pakistan was one of only three countries which recognised the Taliban government and Mullah Mohammed Omar as the legitimate ruler of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"United India, but with adaptational authority to ensure a British withdrawal with minimal setbacks. British leaders including Mountbatten did not support the creation of Pakistan but failed to convince Jinnah. Mountbatten later confessed that he would most probably have sabotaged the creation of Pakistan had he known that Jinnah was dying of tuberculosis. Soon after he arrived, Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile for even that short a wait. Although his advisers favoured a gradual transfer of independence, Mountbatten decided the only way forward was a quick and orderly transfer of independence before 1947 was out. In his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish On 5 May 2017, an armed skirmish occurred after Afghan forces attacked a Pakistani census team in Chaman, in Pakistan near the border with Afghanistan. At least 15 people died on both sides in the immediate border clash. It is one of a series of similar border-related incidents between the two countries. In February 2017, Pakistan closed the border crossings at Torkham and Chaman due to security reasons following the Sehwan blast. Hours after the blast, the Pakistan Army reportedly launched \\\"strikes\\\" on militant bases in Nangarhar, Afghanistan. In March, 32 days after it was closed,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20140579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"59 referendum which must be approved by a supermajority of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The article further stipulates that particular aspects of the Constitution are unalterable: the Islamic character of government and laws, the objectives of the republic, the democratic character of the government, “the absolute wilayat al-'amr and the leadership of the Ummah”, the administration of the country by referendum, and the official religion of Islam. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3493407\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"in the area of economics and a high-level foreign policy, as he served as a diplomat before his election. He has moved quickly to engage in diplomatic negotiations with Western countries, seeking the lifting of crippling economic sanctions on oil exports in exchange for Iran's cooperation with UN treaties regarding the development of nuclear weapons. History of the Islamic Republic of Iran One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The patriotic monarchy was replaced by an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9639054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"1965, after Pakistan went ahead with its strategic infiltration mission in Kashmir codenamed Operation Gibraltar, India declared full-scale war against Pakistan. The war, which ended militarily in a stalemate, was mostly fought in the west. Controversially, the East Pakistani Army did not interfere in the conflict and this caused anger in West Pakistan against East Pakistan. The war with India was met with disfavor by the United States, which dismayed Pakistan by adopting a policy of denying military aid to both India and Pakistan. Positive gains were several treaties strengthening Pakistan's historical bonds with its western neighbours in Asia. A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761527\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"Asian nations. Pakistan has a strategic geo-political location at the corridor of world major maritime oil supply lines, and has close proximity to the resource and oil rich central Asian countries. Pakistan has been maintaining a tensed relationship with neighbouring Republic of India and close relationships with People's Republic of China and Arab nations. Pakistan is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), is ranked by the US as a major non-NATO ally in the war against terrorism and one of founding members of IMCTC. The foreign policy of Pakistan sets out in the way it interacts with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"314442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates and procedures for election, as well as the President's powers and responsibilities as \\\"functions of the executive\\\". These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs; and appointing ministers subject to the approval of Parliament. According to article 114 the President of Iran is elected for a four-year term by the direct vote of the people and may not serve for more than two consecutive terms or more than 8 years. The current\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces\",\n \"text\": \"Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces awards and decorations are the collections of military awards which granted to Iranian military based on their performance history. One of the most common awards are Medals. The Medal is a symbol that, with the agreement of the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces, is accorded to the armed forces in order to appreciate, encourage and strengthen the morale. Recipients will be allowed to install these medals on their identical clothing in accordance with the specific instructions of each medal. Before the Islamic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20871020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\",\n \"text\": \"of Morocco invited the Government of India for the 1969 Summit in Rabat. But after Pakistan then ruler Gen Yahya Khan threatened to walk out, King Hassan requested the Indian delegates not to attend the meeting. During the OIC 1994 Conference in Tehran, Pakistan succeeded in persuading the member countries to create the \\\"OIC Contact Group on Kashmir\\\". The Foreign Minister of Pakistan would discuss the possibility of cutting ties with any state that recognized Jammu and Kashmir as \\\"Integral part of India\\\" by safeguarding our national security and geo-strategic interests including Kashmir; some countries are not recognized by Pakistan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15222217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic\",\n \"text\": \"is also known as the Women's Association of the Islamic Republic and the Society of the Women of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The secretary general of the society has been Zahra Mostafavi, a daughter of Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. \\\"Nida\\\", is the official quarterly organ of the society. The party was established 1987. In December 1987 it established a committee to combat \\\"bad hejab\\\" (i.e. insufficiently modest covering of women's hair and heads), holding a rally of `Vanguards of Chastity` (\\\"tali'eh-daran-e `efaf\\\") and setting up subcommittees to conduct research on \\\"Western cultural penetration\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14315826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Articles 62-90 of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are about Islamic Consultative Assembly.In Article 71 is mentioned that The Islamic Consultative Assembly can establish laws on all matters, within the limits of its competence as laid down in the Constitution. According to Article 62 The Islamic consultative Assembly is constituted by the representatives of the people elected directly and by secret ballot. Article 64 notes There are to be two hundred seventy members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly which, keeping in view the human, political, geographic and other similar factors,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations Czech Republic–Pakistan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Pakistan. Czech diplomatic relations with Pakistan were formally established on 27 September 1950 by Czechoslovakia and re-established by the Czech Republic in 1991. Pakistan has an embassy in Prague and the Czech Republic has an embassy in Islamabad. Bilateral annual trade between the two countries is around US$100 million. Czech major imports from Pakistan include textile and leather, whereas Pakistan main imports from Czech Republic include machinery, paper & paperboard and electrical and electronic equipment. Czech Republic has made investment in medical equipment, pharmaceuticals and textiles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15219833\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Germans in the Czech Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Following municipalities had in 2011 share of German ethnicity population over 6%: Government statistics also showed 21,216 German citizens living in the CR as of December 31, 2016. The Deutsche Schule Prag is a German international school in Prague. Germans in the Czech Republic There are various communities of Germans in the Czech Republic (, ). After the Czech Republic joined the European Union in the 2004 enlargement and was incorporated into the Schengen Area, migration between the two countries became relatively unrestricted. Both countries share a land border of 815 kilometers (506 mi). In the 2001 census, 39,106 Czech\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7400168\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"authoritarian institutions also regained their statuses. This decree was limited to West Pakistan, it had no effect on East Pakistan. Civilians in Ayub Khan's administration were dismissed by the military government which replaced them with military officers. The Election Commission registered 24 political parties, and public meetings attracted many large crowds. On the eve of the elections, a cyclone struck East Pakistan killing approximately 500,000 people, though this event did not deter people from participating in the first ever general election. Mobilizing support for their Six Points manifesto the Awami League secured electoral support in East Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kosovo–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Kosovo–Pakistan relations Kosovan–Pakistani relations are foreign relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan recognised Kosovo on 24 December 2012 become the 98th state that recognised Kosovo. Simultaneously, Pakistan's ambassador to the Republic of Turkey in Ankara was accredited to the Republic of Kosovo. In February 2008, the Pakistani Foreign Ministry released the following statement: \\\"We understand and support the legitimate aspirations of the Kosovars and the need for peace in Kosovo and the region. Pakistan is watching the developments in Kosovo carefully. We have noted the recognition extended by a number of important countries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16492283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kosovo–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Kosovo–Pakistan relations Kosovan–Pakistani relations are foreign relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan recognised Kosovo on 24 December 2012 become the 98th state that recognised Kosovo. Simultaneously, Pakistan's ambassador to the Republic of Turkey in Ankara was accredited to the Republic of Kosovo. In February 2008, the Pakistani Foreign Ministry released the following statement: \\\"We understand and support the legitimate aspirations of the Kosovars and the need for peace in Kosovo and the region. Pakistan is watching the developments in Kosovo carefully. We have noted the recognition extended by a number of important countries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16492277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"ministry expressed interests in having Czech troops trained by the Pakistani military. Czech Republic–Pakistan relations Czech Republic–Pakistan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Pakistan. Czech diplomatic relations with Pakistan were formally established on 27 September 1950 by Czechoslovakia and re-established by the Czech Republic in 1991. Pakistan has an embassy in Prague and the Czech Republic has an embassy in Islamabad. Bilateral annual trade between the two countries is around US$100 million. Czech major imports from Pakistan include textile and leather, whereas Pakistan main imports from Czech Republic include machinery, paper & paperboard and electrical and electronic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15219835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iranian Islamic Republic Day\",\n \"text\": \"were announced, with 98.2 percent of the Iranians voting for an Islamic Republic. Before the referendum, some political groups suggested various name for the ideology of the revolution, such as a Republic (without Islam) or democratic republic. But Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, asked the people to vote for an the Islamic Republic, not a word more and not one less word. 12 Farvardin is a book about events of Islamic Republic Day by Saeed Zahedi. Also other books were published about this day. 12 Farvardin is also the day of the Martyrdom of Imam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18689957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran The 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly was 33rd Parliament of Iran that commenced on 27 May 2012 following the legislative elections on 2 March and 4 May 2012 and was closed on 24 May 2016. The parliament was dominated by the conservatives. There were two main parliamentary groups active during the term: The majority Followers of Wilayat (\\\"Rahrovan\\\") led by Ali Larijani and chaired by Kazem Jalali, along with the minority Principlists fraction led by Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel. The latter was composed of more conservative groupings such as Paydari and Pathseekers, however Larijani's fraction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20250362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"was hostile towards President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In the first session Speaker election, Haddad-Adel lost to Larijani with 100 to 173 votes out of total 275. 9th legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran The 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly was 33rd Parliament of Iran that commenced on 27 May 2012 following the legislative elections on 2 March and 4 May 2012 and was closed on 24 May 2016. The parliament was dominated by the conservatives. There were two main parliamentary groups active during the term: The majority Followers of Wilayat (\\\"Rahrovan\\\") led by Ali Larijani and chaired by Kazem Jalali, along\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20250363\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"country. Within weeks Ayub Khan lost the momentum in West Pakistan and his image was damaged in public circles. In 1968, Ayub Khan decided to celebrate his “Decade of Development,” it was strongly condemned by leftist students and they decided to celebrate, instead, a “Decade of Decadence. Leftists accused him of encouraging crony capitalism, the exploitation of workers and the suppression of the rights and ethnic-nationalism of the Bengalis (in East Pakistan), Sindhis, the Baloch and the Pakhtun Amidst further allegations that economic development and hiring for government jobs favoured West Pakistan, Bengali nationalism began to increase and an independence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iraq–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"considers Pakistan \\\"a Muslim super power\\\" and that Iraq was willing to supply Pakistan with oil unconditionally. In 2014 Iraq purchased the Super Mushak trainer aircraft from Pakistan as part of improving defense relations between the two countries. Iraq–Pakistan relations Iraq–Pakistan relations refers to the foreign relations between the Republic of Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Cultural interaction and economic trade between Indus Valley and Mesopotamia date back to 1800 BCE. In 1955 Iraq and Pakistan joined the Baghdad Pact, a military alliance against the Soviet Union. However, when the king of Iraq was assassinated in 1958, Iraq\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12569039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"Peshawar to overfly the Soviet Union in 1960. The same year Pakistan signed the Indus Waters Treaty with India in an attempt to normalise relations. Relations with China strengthened after the Sino-Indian War, with a boundary agreement being signed in 1963; this shifted the balance of the Cold War by bringing Pakistan and China closer together while loosening ties between Pakistan and the United States. In 1964 the Pakistani Armed Forces quelled a suspected pro-communist revolt in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, West Pakistan, allegedly supported by communist Afghanistan. During the controversial 1965 presidential elections, Ayub Khan almost lost to Fatima Jinnah. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (, known simply as Neẓām () among its supporters, and Režim () among its dissidents) is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the revolution and fall of Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. Its constitution, adopted by a referendum, uses separation of powers model with Executive, Legislative, and Judicial systems, while the Supreme Leader is the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. It is currently one of the four governments using the title Islamic republic in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"West Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"leadership, participated with full force and became vital players in the country's politics. The long border between Afghanistan and West Pakistan was uneasy. This is due in part to the independent Pashtun tribes that inhabit the area. In addition, the physical boundary is uncertain: the 1893 Durand Line was used by West Pakistan to mark the border between the two countries, but Afghanistan has never recognised that frontier. In 1955, diplomatic relations were severed with the ransacking of Pakistan's embassy. In 1961, Pakistan Armed Forces suppressed an Afghan invasion in the Bajaur region of Pakistan. West Pakistan had hostile relations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"458917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"which met with great opposition in East Pakistan. His party in the East Pakistan Parliament threatened to leave the state of Pakistan. Suhrawardy also verbally authorised the leasing the Inter-Services Intelligence's (ISI) secret installation at Peshawar Air Station to the CIA to conduct operations in the Soviet Union. Differences in East Pakistan further encouraged Baloch separatism, and in an attempt to intimidate the communists in East Pakistan President Mirza initiated massive arrests of communists and party workers of the Awami League, which damaged the image of West Pakistan in the east. The western contingent's lawmakers determinately followed the idea of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"Pakistan Pakistan (), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (), is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. The territory that now\",\n \"psg_id\": \"309813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Egypt–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Egypt–Pakistan relations Egypt–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Modern relations traced back to 1947 when founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah paid a farewell visit to Egypt on the special invitation sent by King Fuad II. Egypt has an embassy in Islamabad and Pakistan has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries are members of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) and the \\\"D8\\\". Pakistan and Egypt are both designated Major Non-NATO allies, giving them access to certain levels of hardware and surplus military equipment from the United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12876491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arab Islamic Republic\",\n \"text\": \"also accusations of Tunisian foreign ministers being bribed by Libya. Whatever the case may be, the unification with Libya never ended up happening and relations between the two countries steadily deteriorated. Arab Islamic Republic The Arab Islamic Republic ( \\\"\\\") was a proposed unification of Tunisia and Libya in 1974, agreed upon by Libyan head of state Muammar Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba. Additional countries — Morocco and Algeria — were later included in the proposal, which was never implemented. The attempted merger between Tunisia and Libya took place in a historical and regional context. Maghrebi regional politics played\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4431221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"is carried out according to the criminal procedure and the accused ones can enjoy having lawyers during the entire trial procedure. The Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces currently has prosecutors office and courts-martial in all the provinces' capitals. These courts are responsible for adjudicating the crimes committed within the jurisdiction of each province. Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Judiciary Organization of the Armed Forces is part of the Iranian judiciary. Composed of prosecutor offices and courts-martial, it is the only specialized judicial authority anticipated in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20243508\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"to the government in Islam, the need for the clergy’s independent financial organization, Islam as a way of life, advising and guiding youth and necessity of being community. Allameh Tabatabei refers to velayat as a political philosophy for Shia and velayat faqih for Shia community. There are also other attempts to formulate new attitude of Islam such as the publication of three volumes of Maktab Tashayyo. Also somebodies believe that it is indispensable to revive the religious gathered in Hoseyniyeh-e-Ershad. Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (, known simply as Neẓām\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19589369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kosovo–Pakistan relations\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of Kosovo. Simultaneously they established diplomatic relations with Pakistan's Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey in Ankara being accredited to the Republic of Kosovo as non-resident Ambassador. In late October 2013 during a meeting in London between Kosovar President Atifete Jahjaga and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif it was agreed to boost economic trade between the two countries and avoid double taxation on goods. Each leader was invited and to one another's country for a state visit, and both leaders accepted the invitation. At the meeting Pakistan also agreed to support Kosovo's membership in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16492282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces\",\n \"text\": \"to all services: Awards and decorations of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces awards and decorations are the collections of military awards which granted to Iranian military based on their performance history. One of the most common awards are Medals. The Medal is a symbol that, with the agreement of the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces, is accorded to the armed forces in order to appreciate, encourage and strengthen the morale. Recipients will be allowed to install these medals on their identical clothing in accordance with the specific instructions of each medal.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20871022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\",\n \"text\": \"Islamic doctrine. New criminal offences of adultery, fornication and types of blasphemy, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death, were added to Pakistani law. Interest payments for bank accounts were replaced by \\\"profit and loss\\\" payments. \\\"Zakat\\\" charitable donations became a 2.5% annual tax. School textbooks and libraries were overhauled to remove un-Islamic material. Offices, schools and factories were required to offer prayer space. Zia bolstered the influence of the Islamic clergy and the Islamic parties, whilst conservative scholars became fixtures on television. Thousands of activists from the Jamaat-e-Islami party were appointed to government posts to ensure\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16761550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"must be replaced by the Islamic Republic.\\\" The war continued for another six years under the slogans `War, War until Victory,` and `The Road to Jerusalem Goes through Karbala,` but other countries, particularly the Soviet Union gave crucial aid to Iraq. The Iraqis also used chemical weapons against Iranian soldiers. As the costs mounted and Iranian morale waned, Khomeini finally accepted a truce called for by . By 1988, Iran was nearly bankrupted by the ruinous costs of the war and its manpower pool also exhausted. The Iranian Army in desperation began resorting to using boys as young as 14\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9639014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting\",\n \"text\": \"Khamenei. With 13,000 employees and branches in 20 countries worldwide, including France, Belgium, Malaysia, Lebanon, United Kingdom, the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting offers both domestic and foreign radio and television services, broadcasting 12 domestic television channels, 4 international news television channels, six satellite television channels for international audiences, and 30 provincial television channel available countrywide, half of which make use of local accents or dialects. The IRIB provides twelve radio stations for domestic audiences and through the IRIB World Service thirty radio stations are available for foreign and international audiences. It also publishes the Persian-language newspaper\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3441211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Share a Coke\",\n \"text\": \"out in over 80 countries. In Australia, the advertising agency, Ogilvy have estimated that the campaign increased Coke's share of the category by 4% and increased consumption by young adults by 7%. The campaign received multiple awards at the Creative Effectiveness Lion Awards at Cannes. In the United States, where the campaign is credited with increasing sales by more than 2% and according to a piece by \\\"The Atlantic\\\" writer Kalle Oskari Mattila, said to have reversed more than 10 years of decline in Coke consumption, the company and its agency has sought ways to extend the campaign while maintaining\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17487049\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish\",\n \"text\": \"considered for this purpose. According to \\\"Dawn\\\", the Pakistani side \\\"made it clear\\\" to the Afghans that the two villages affected by the incident belonged to Pakistan's side of the border. On 11 May, the completed survey reports were sent to the governments of both countries. On 27 May, Pakistan said it opened the border on \\\"humanitarian grounds\\\" after a request from Afghan authorities, following the start of Ramadan. This marked the end of a closure lasting 22 days. 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish On 5 May 2017, an armed skirmish occurred after Afghan forces attacked a Pakistani census team in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20140588\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["india, afghanistan, iran, and china"],"string":"[\n \"india, afghanistan, iran, and china\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78283,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"hyundai, lg, kia, and samsung are all companies based in what country?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Hyundai Kia R&D Museum","text":"not collect or have their museums. The \"R&D Museum\" is one of the two automaker-owned museums in South Korea; the other being the Renault Samsung Motors Gallery, which was established in 1998. Hyundai Kia R&D Museum The Hyundai Kia R&D Museum was opened in 2007. It is located in Hyundai Kia R&D center, Hwaseong Gyeonggi, South Korea. It displays significant cars from Hyundai Motors and Kia Motors. It has 20 cars on display, and 190 cars in storage due to storage considerations. It displays some remarkable cars such as Hyundai Pony, Hyundai Stellar, Kia Bongo, Kia Sephia, Kia Elan, Hyundai","psg_id":"17025986"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Kia R&D Museum\",\n \"text\": \"not collect or have their museums. The \\\"R&D Museum\\\" is one of the two automaker-owned museums in South Korea; the other being the Renault Samsung Motors Gallery, which was established in 1998. Hyundai Kia R&D Museum The Hyundai Kia R&D Museum was opened in 2007. It is located in Hyundai Kia R&D center, Hwaseong Gyeonggi, South Korea. It displays significant cars from Hyundai Motors and Kia Motors. It has 20 cars on display, and 190 cars in storage due to storage considerations. It displays some remarkable cars such as Hyundai Pony, Hyundai Stellar, Kia Bongo, Kia Sephia, Kia Elan, Hyundai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17025986\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Kia Motors","text":"24,740 automobiles. However, during the Asian financial crisis, Kia declared bankruptcy in 1997; and in 1998 reached an agreement with Hyundai Motor Company to diversify by exchanging ownership between both companies. Hyundai Motor Company acquired 51% of the company, outbidding Ford Motor Company which had owned an interest in Kia Motors since 1986. After subsequent divestments, Hyundai Motor Company owns about one third of Kia Motor Corporation. While Hyundai Motor Company remains Kia's largest stakeholder, Kia Motor Company also retains ownership in some 22 different Hyundai Motor Company subsidiaries. Since 2005, Kia has focused on the European market and has","psg_id":"1644602"},{"title":"Hyundai Capital","text":"companies, supporting the financial services needs of Hyundai Motor America and Kia Motors America, Inc. HCA’s Treasury department was recognized as the 2015 Top Treasury Team in the annual Adam Smith Treasury Achievement awards competition of Treasury Today. Established in 2014, Hyundai Capital Canada (HCCA) is headquartered in Toronto and operates under the service brands Hyundai Motor Finance, Kia Motors Finance, and Genesis Finance. The company is a lease provider of Hyundai and Kia vehicles and continues to offer financial products tailored to meet the needs of Genesis, Hyundai, and Kia dealerships and customers. Hyundai Capital Europe, the European Hyundai","psg_id":"6430658"},{"title":"Hyundai Creta","text":"1.6 liter diesel and a 1.6 liter gasoline engine with five models for the Creta – E, E+, S, SX, SX(O). Each model has a specific set of features which distinguishes it from the others and comes in seven colours. Trinidad & Tobago imports the Indian made Hyundai Creta in three variants, Basic, Advanced and Fully Loaded. They all have 1.6 gasoline engines, with automatic transmissions. The ix25 is based on the Hyundai–Kia platform that underpins the Kia Soul, Hyundai i30, Hyundai Elantra and Kia Cee'd (among other cars), and is similar to the Kia KX3. In India, where it","psg_id":"18867697"},{"title":"Renault Samsung Motors","text":"a range of cars, including electric models and crossovers. In the early 1990s, Samsung's Chairman Lee Kun-hee recognised the automotive industry as the culmination of several others. For the Samsung Group, this would allow to leverage resources and technologies from the entire group including Samsung Electrics and Samsung Electronics. He initially tried to take control of Kia, but competition from other bidders and legal restrictions made him to drop the idea. Kia was eventually purchased by Hyundai. Lee decided to create a new carmaker, Samsung Motors (also known as SMI) and a truck manufacturer, Samsung Commercial Vehicles Co., Ltd. (),","psg_id":"2240722"},{"title":"Seoul","text":"of Commerce Index ranked Seoul No.9. The Global Financial Centres Index in 2015 listed Seoul as the 6th financially most competitive city in the world. The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Seoul 15th in the list of \"Overall 2025 City Competitiveness\" regarding future competitiveness of cities. The traditional, labour-intensive manufacturing industries have been continuously replaced by information technology, electronics and assembly-type of industries; however, food and beverage production, as well as printing and publishing remained among the core industries. Major manufacturers are headquartered in the city, including Samsung, LG, Hyundai, Kia and SK. Notable food and beverage companies include Jinro, whose","psg_id":"12416053"},{"title":"Kia Sportage (Chinese Market)","text":"early 2018 with a price range of 119,900 to 139,900 yuan. The Kia Sportage III is based on the Hyundai ix35 which shares the same platform with the Chinese market second generation Hyundai ix35. Kia Sportage (Chinese Market) The Kia Sportage (智跑) in the Chinese market is a compact crossover produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The first two generations of the Kia Sportage in China are the same as the international version while the international third generation was sold in China as the Kia Sportage R and international fourth generation as the Kia KX5, the China-exclusive third generation Kia Sportage","psg_id":"20843976"},{"title":"Renault Samsung Motors","text":"the latter through Samsung Heavy Industries with Nissan Diesel's support. SMI was established in 1994 (incorporated in 1995) and Daegu-based Samsung Commercial Vehicles in 1996. Shortly after SMI started its operations, the Asian financial crisis hit. Samsung divested itself of SMI as well as other non-core subsidiaries. SMI was put up for sale, with Daewoo Motors being one of the first interested companies, but, as the crisis deepened, Daewoo Motors itself was bought by GM. Hyundai Motors was also considered as a possible buyer, but corporate politics and strife between the Samsung Group and the Hyundai Group made this impossible.","psg_id":"2240723"},{"title":"Kia Mohave","text":"V8 Hyundai Tau engine. The Tau V8 is tuned to give less power but more torque than in the Hyundai Genesis sedan, and creates . The V8 has a towing capacity of , and the V6 is able to tow . A navigation system was available as an option. The Kia Borrego FCEV is a concept car produced by Hyundai-Kia and first shown at the 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show. The green SUV concept is based on a model Borrego and has a fuel cell developed by the 4th generation Hyundai-Kia (154 hp, 115 kW) and a new battery Lithium-Ion","psg_id":"10380940"},{"title":"LG Tractors","text":"LG Tractors LG Tractors was a division of LG Cable. The group of companies were formerly known as GoldStar Cable. It is part of the LG Group. In 2005, LG Cable split off and became a separate company, taking the name LS Cable. The tractor division began in 1975 as a part of Hyundai in cooperation with Yanmar of Japan. See GoldStar for more history. LG had tie-ups with Mitsubishi and Fiat/New Holland, (CNH Global), and sold tractors under the LG, LG-Fiat and LG-New Holland brands. They also built tractors for sale by LG Montana, TAFE, LongAgri and Farmtrac in","psg_id":"7634257"},{"title":"LG G Watch","text":"of Computerworld liked the LG G Watch's superior dimmed-mode display, comfortable band, and easy-to-use charging cradle, but did not like the uninspired design and poor outdoor visibility display compared to Samsung Gear Live. LG G Watch The LG G Watch (model W100, codenamed Dory) is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by LG and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the Samsung Gear Live as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support","psg_id":"17928554"},{"title":"LG Tractors","text":"North America. In 2005, LG Cable split off from LG and became LS Cable. The tractor division became LS Tractors, and tractors began to be sold under the LS and LS-New Holland brands. LG Tractors LG Tractors was a division of LG Cable. The group of companies were formerly known as GoldStar Cable. It is part of the LG Group. In 2005, LG Cable split off and became a separate company, taking the name LS Cable. The tractor division began in 1975 as a part of Hyundai in cooperation with Yanmar of Japan. See GoldStar for more history. LG had","psg_id":"7634258"},{"title":"Hyundai Theta engine","text":"NHTSA about a recall of more than 618,000 model year 2011-2014 Kia Optima, 2012-2014 Sorento and 2011-2013 Sportage vehicles because the Theta engine bearings wore out too early and caused the engines to seize. Kia said it didn't recall the vehicles in 2015 when Hyundai first recalled its cars because the Theta II engines in the Kia vehicles were built on a different production line and had different problems than Hyundai. In addition to customers complaining about the Theta II engines, a Korean whistleblower who worked for Hyundai as an engineer let NHTSA know what he knew. Owners started suing","psg_id":"4760780"},{"title":"LG Electronics","text":"the second-largest LCD TV manufacturer worldwide as of 2013. By 2005, LG was a Top 100 global brand, and in 2006 LG recorded a brand growth of 14%. Its display manufacturing affiliate, LG Display, as of 2009 was the world's largest LCD panel manufacturer. In 2010, LG Electronics entered the smartphone industry. Since, LG Electronics continued to develop various electronic products, such as releasing the world's first 84-inch ultra-HD TV for retail sale. On 5 December 2012, the antitrust regulators of the European Union fined LG Electronics and five other major companies (Samsung, Thomson since 2010 known as Technicolor, Matsushita","psg_id":"3140009"},{"title":"Kia Sportage (Chinese Market)","text":"Kia Sportage (Chinese Market) The Kia Sportage (智跑) in the Chinese market is a compact crossover produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The first two generations of the Kia Sportage in China are the same as the international version while the international third generation was sold in China as the Kia Sportage R and international fourth generation as the Kia KX5, the China-exclusive third generation Kia Sportage was developed as an individual model based on the second generation Hyundai Tucson (Sold as the ix35 in China). The first generation Chinese market Kia Sportage was the same as the international version (Known","psg_id":"20843974"},{"title":"Hyundai Steel","text":"Dangjin, Pohang, Suncheon, Ulsan provinces of Korea and in China's Chungdo province. In addition to Hyundai Steel, the Hyundai-Kia Motor group includes steel companies such as, Hyundai Special Steel and BNG Steel Co., Ltd. (formerly Sammi Steel Co., Ltd.). Hyundai Steel uses the EAF and green field 3 blast furnaces process to manufacture crude steel while BNG is stainless 9cold rolling mills. Hyundai Steel, in 2004, had purchased the facilities of the defunct Hanbo Steel in Dangjin. They have taken the once rundown steel company and has refurnished and revitalised its long product and cold-rolling facilities to make it one","psg_id":"6727225"},{"title":"Hyundai Mighty","text":"LD. The overseas was another important market for the Mighty - to the extent that it was manufactured there from the 1980s using many local components. In Europe, Mid-East, Africa, South America, its principal competitors are Kia Titanic, Kia Trade, Kia Frontier. Hyundai Mighty The Hyundai Mighty (hangul:현대 마이티) is a line of light-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available in Korea and some other countries. Manufactured from 1987 with the first cars going to Asia, other European and American countries which saw import or manufacture of the Mighty included Europe, Mid-east, Africa, and South","psg_id":"8302463"},{"title":"Hyundai MB 490i","text":"Hyundai MB 490i The MB-490i is a tri-band/3G touchscreen phone made by Korean manufacturer Hyundai Mobile. It was first publicly shown at Mobile World Congress 2009. Its design and styling is shaped to resemble a dolphin’s head while other elements include rippling water around the camera. The dolphin theme is also carried through into software, with a dolphin assistant to help navigate menus. The MB-490i is Hyundai’s first attempt to push the styling and functionality of its devices into the midrange dominated by the likes of Nokia, Samsung, LG and Sony Ericsson. It has a 400 x 240 pixel WQVGA","psg_id":"13186956"},{"title":"Hyundai Gamma engine","text":"CVVT. The engine was unveiled in the 11th Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference. The engine has been revised in the 2nd Generation Veloster Turbo to include a new pressurized cooling system, higher compression ratio of 10, electronically actuated wastegate, and a new ECU (CPEGD2.20.3). It is a hybrid variant with liquefied petroleum gas engine and electric motor. It was used in Kia Forte, Hyundai Avante LPI hybrid, Kia Forte LPi, Hyundai Avante LPi(Korea domestic only) Hyundai Gamma engine The Hyundai Gamma engine was introduced in the 2010 Hyundai Accent concept car to replace the existing Hyundai Alpha engine in the Hyundai","psg_id":"15750864"},{"title":"Kia Cadenza","text":"three cars being the Hyundai Genesis, Kia K900 and Hyundai Equus, which are currently on sale in the United States, and are manufactured by Hyundai and Kia. The car features Nappa leather seats in black, beige, or white, the latter available when also outfitted with luxury, technology, and white interior packages. The driver's seat is both heated and ventilated, and the passenger's seat is heated. The rear seats can also be heated. A dual sunroof is available. The car features the 3.3L, 294 horsepower V6, the most powerful engine available for the Cadenza. The engine is used in the Cadenza's","psg_id":"13923779"},{"title":"Hyundai Capital","text":"and Kia Finance, to provide both retail and wholesale finance to over 320 Hyundai and Kia franchised dealers in the U.K. In China, the company joined hands with Beijing Automotive Group, Hyundai Motor Company and others to set up Beijing Hyundai Auto Finance(BHAF) in 2012. BHAF's Income Before Taxes(IBT) in 2016 is more than doubled that of 2015. The company issued its first asset-backed security (ABS) in early 2016. Hyundai Capital is swiftly establishing footprints in emerging markets including Russia, Brazil, India, and Australia with financial consulting for Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors. Strategy + Execution - There can","psg_id":"6430660"},{"title":"Samsung","text":"announced that Samsung had acquired the stake of Sony in this joint venture. Compared to other major Korean companies, Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively unharmed. However, Samsung Motor was sold to Renault at a significant loss. , Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung. Additionally, Samsung manufactured a range of aircraft from the 1980s to 1990s. The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the result of a merger between then three domestic major aerospace divisions of Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries and Hyundai Space and Aircraft","psg_id":"18726874"},{"title":"Kia KX3","text":"Kia KX3 The Kia KX3 or Kia Ao Pao (傲跑) is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured exclusively for the Chinese market by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The KX3 debuted as a concept on the 2014 Guangzhou Auto Show, while the production version made its debut in March 2015. The KX3 is based on the platform of the Hyundai ix25 and has a 1.6L. atmospheric or turbocharged engine. Pricing for the Kia KX3 Ao Pao ranges from 112,800 yuan to 186,800 yuan ($18,018 – 29,830). The facelifted Kia KX3 was launched on the 2016 Chengdu Auto Show in China with updates to","psg_id":"19934151"},{"title":"Kia KX3","text":"the front and rear bumper designs. Kia KX3 The Kia KX3 or Kia Ao Pao (傲跑) is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured exclusively for the Chinese market by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The KX3 debuted as a concept on the 2014 Guangzhou Auto Show, while the production version made its debut in March 2015. The KX3 is based on the platform of the Hyundai ix25 and has a 1.6L. atmospheric or turbocharged engine. Pricing for the Kia KX3 Ao Pao ranges from 112,800 yuan to 186,800 yuan ($18,018 – 29,830). The facelifted Kia KX3 was launched on the 2016 Chengdu Auto","psg_id":"19934152"},{"title":"Electric car use by country","text":"new internal combustion engine vehicles face a surcharge based on engine capacity. , about 7,200 plug-in cars had been sold. 2,896 EVs were sold during the first ten months of 2016, up 12% year-on-year. , all electric models on sale were manufactured by local firms. The top selling models during 2015 were the Kia Soul EV (657) and the Samsung SM3 Z.E. (640). The Hyundai Ioniq Electric was released in July 2016. The government offers a purchase subsidy for electric cars. Starting in 2016, the EV purchase tax surcharge was reduced, although EV drivers see various fees. The stock of","psg_id":"14464131"},{"title":"Hyundai Motor Company","text":"all 2011-2013 Hyundai and Kia vehicles had inflated fuel economy numbers; by as much as six miles per gallon. Currently, Hyundai and Kia have started a reimbursement programme for the owners of the 2011-2013 affected vehicles. Several consumers complained that the engine delivered with the Hyundai Veloster in Brazil was inferior to the one advertised. Independent tests confirmed that it was not the same engine, and it delivered only 121 CV (119 HP) instead of the advertised 140 CV (138 HP), with the car earning derogatory nicknames like Slowster in the Brazilian market. In April 2013, Hyundai Motors UK released","psg_id":"526385"},{"title":"Hyundai Mu engine","text":"runners, along with a Variable intake system (VIS). The engines were built in Asan, Korea by Hyundai. Hyundai Mu engine The Kia Mu engine is a variant of the 2.7 Liter Hyundai Delta engine, the main difference with the Delta engine is the inclusion of the Continuous variable valve timing (CVVT). The Mu Engine is the Kia engineered variant of the Hyundai Delta engine. The Mu engine produces at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,000 to 4,500 rpm. The Mu engine is a 60 degree six cylinder and made of all aluminum block and heads. It features DOHC with","psg_id":"10656684"},{"title":"Communications in Iran","text":"and 25% mobile phone (with growing demand for PDAs, smartphones and 3G handsets). Business Monitor International (BMI) forecasts that Iran’s demands for domestic consumer electronic devices will reach $10 billion by 2013 and $16 billion by 2016. Held once a year, \"ELECOMP\" is the greatest commercial event in Iran’s market of electronics and computer products and services. Iran is manufacturing some computer components under license from international companies, predominantly in the area of monitors. Eight Iranian companies are manufacturing monitors under licence of LG, Samsung, Hyundai, Benq, Tatung and CTX. Motherboard, keyboard, mouse, computer case, power supply, CPU, hard drive","psg_id":"745640"},{"title":"Conglomerate (company)","text":"succeeded their fathers or grandfathers. Some of the largest and most well-known Korean chaebols are Samsung, LG, Hyundai Kia and SK. The era of Licence Raj (1947–1990) in India created some of Asia's largest conglomerates, such as the Tata Group, Kirloskar Group, Larsen & Toubro, Mahindra Group, Sahara India, ITC Limited, Essar Group, Reliance ADA Group, Reliance Industries, Aditya Birla Group and the Bharti Enterprises. In Brazil the most important conglomerates are J&F Investimentos, Odebrecht, Itaúsa, Camargo Corrêa, Votorantim Group, Andrade Gutierrez, and Queiroz Galvão. In New Zealand, Fletcher Challenge was formed in 1981 from the merger of Fletcher Holdings,","psg_id":"741627"},{"title":"Kia Tigers","text":"Haitai was forced to sell the team to Kia in 2001. Until then the Tigers were was also in financial difficulty, could not convince their major players to stay. Eventually they lost Lee Jong-beom to the Chunichi Dragons, and closer Lim Chang-yong and manager Kim Eung-ryong to the Samsung Lions. Lee Jong-beom returned from Japan, and rookies Hong Se-wan, catcher Kim Sang-hoon and pitcher Kim Jin-woo joined between 2001 and 2002 to lead the team to the playoffs for three straight years from 2002 to 2004. But each time they were beaten, by the LG Twins, the SK Wyverns, and","psg_id":"7150408"},{"title":"LG G Watch","text":"LG G Watch The LG G Watch (model W100, codenamed Dory) is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by LG and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the Samsung Gear Live as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth LE. G Watch is, as of June 2014, only available in the United States and Canada at US$229 or in the United Kingdom for £159 on the Google Play Store. As of","psg_id":"17928552"},{"title":"Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama","text":"availability of local suppliers led Hyundai to invest over $1 billion in a new Kia Motors plant in West Point, Georgia. The West Point Kia plant is just over the Alabama state line, less than 85 miles away from the Montgomery plant. The two plants are directly linked by the I-85 highway. Through the years some production has been shifted between the two plants. For example, Kia engines are made in the HMMA plant while some SUV production was moved from Hyundai to the West Point Kia plant. As of the end of 2013, the HMMA plant was running in","psg_id":"4697716"},{"title":"Hyundai Theta engine","text":"the highway. It comes with a 6-speed manual transmission in Sport model trim. Hyundai and Kia vehicles equipped with Theta II engines and recalled because of those engines are the focus of an investigation by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Safety regulators want to know if Hyundai and Kia did enough and fast enough concerning the recalls of nearly 1.7 million vehicles with Theta engines prone to a lot of noise and finally locking up. In September 2015, Hyundai recalled about 470,000 model year 2011-2012 Sonatas equipped with 2-liter and 2.4-liter Theta II engines. At the time, Hyundai","psg_id":"4760778"},{"title":"Hyundai Santa Fe","text":"American production of the Santa Fe shifted to Kia's new West Point, Georgia assembly plant for the 2011 model year. This was done to free up production capacity at the Alabama plant for the new Sonata and new Elantra. The Santa Fe fills the void left for a Kia-built Hyundai sold in the United States & Canada after Hyundai ended production of the Entourage minivan in 2009. Kia, however, is 49.2% owned by Hyundai. The Santa Fe only received minor changes for 2012: The all-body colored grille (in North American markets) was straightened and received chrome accents while the textured","psg_id":"5120589"},{"title":"LG&E and KU Energy","text":"was closed on November 1, 2010, with E-ON US becoming LG&E and KU Energy. LG&E and KU Energy LG&E and KU Energy is a subsidiary of PPL Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky. It is composed of the following companies: The company was created in 1998, when LG&E acquired KU/ODP, becoming LG&E Energy. In 2000, Powergen, a British-based company, acquired LG&E Energy, which still operated under that name. In 2002, German-based E.ON acquired Powergen; the following year, in 2003, E.ON transferred the LG&E Energy group to its American subsidiary, E.ON US Holdings. On April 28, 2010 PPL and E.ON announced a","psg_id":"12316000"},{"title":"Hyundai Mu engine","text":"Hyundai Mu engine The Kia Mu engine is a variant of the 2.7 Liter Hyundai Delta engine, the main difference with the Delta engine is the inclusion of the Continuous variable valve timing (CVVT). The Mu Engine is the Kia engineered variant of the Hyundai Delta engine. The Mu engine produces at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,000 to 4,500 rpm. The Mu engine is a 60 degree six cylinder and made of all aluminum block and heads. It features DOHC with 4 valves per cylinder, and Multi-Port Fuel Injection. It also features CVVT and VLM Variable length intake","psg_id":"10656683"},{"title":"Kia Opirus","text":"the executive car/full-size car classes, while the Kia Quoris was designed to fill the full-size luxury car classes. The Kia Cadenza, officially unveiled on October 18, 2009, is completely redesigned to reflect Kia's new design style. It is based on the platform of the next-generation Hyundai Azera (HG). The Cadenza will replace the Kia Amanti, and features many features found on more expensive luxury cars, such as a heated steering wheel, power extendable seat cushions, automatic windshield defogger, and cooled front seats. Like the Amanti, the Cadenza is only equipped with an automatic transmission. The Kia K9 is an upscale","psg_id":"4313682"},{"title":"Hyundai Capital","text":"Capital subsidiary established in 2010 in Germany, received the European Central Bank as well as the German financial authorities’ approval to establish a captive bank in Germany in 2016. In January 2017, the bank, Hyundai Capital Bank Europe GmbH (HCBE), has officially launched its operations starting with providing financial services to customers and dealers of the Kia brand. Hyundai Capital UK (HCUK) is a captive finance company which commenced trading in 2012. It is a joint venture among Santander Consumer UK, Hyundai Capital Services, Kia Motors UK and Hyundai Motor UK. It operates under two consumer facing brands, Hyundai Finance","psg_id":"6430659"},{"title":"LG&E and KU Energy","text":"LG&E and KU Energy LG&E and KU Energy is a subsidiary of PPL Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky. It is composed of the following companies: The company was created in 1998, when LG&E acquired KU/ODP, becoming LG&E Energy. In 2000, Powergen, a British-based company, acquired LG&E Energy, which still operated under that name. In 2002, German-based E.ON acquired Powergen; the following year, in 2003, E.ON transferred the LG&E Energy group to its American subsidiary, E.ON US Holdings. On April 28, 2010 PPL and E.ON announced a definitive agreement in which PPL will acquire E.ON US for $7.625 billion. The sale","psg_id":"12315999"},{"title":"Samsung Gear Live","text":"Samsung Gear Live The Samsung Gear Live is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by Samsung and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the LG G Watch as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. Gear Live is the 5th device launched in the Samsung Gear family of wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth Smart. Gear Live was initially available in the United States and Canada at US$199 on the Google Play Store, and from Google's","psg_id":"18126915"},{"title":"Samsung Gear Live","text":"distinctive design and the heart-rate sensor but did not like the poor outdoor visibility, the hard to use charger, awkward watch band and that it includes a redundant preinstalled stopwatch application. Samsung Gear Live The Samsung Gear Live is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by Samsung and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the LG G Watch as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. Gear Live is the 5th device launched in the Samsung Gear family of wearables. It is compatible with all","psg_id":"18126917"},{"title":"KBO League","text":"such as Gwangju-Kia Champions Field (2014), Gocheok Sky Dome (2016), Daegu Samsung Lions Park (2016), and Changwon Baseball Stadium (2019). Starting with the 2015 season, each team plays 144 games in the regular season, increased from 128 due to the addition of the KT Wiz to the league. Each team plays every other team 16 times. In mid-July of every season, the best players participate in the KBO All-Star Game. The franchises participating are divided into two sets of teams: Dream All-Stars (Doosan, KT, Lotte, Samsung, and SK) and Nanum All-Stars (Kia, Hanwha, LG, NC and Kiwoom). The KBO All-star","psg_id":"4098015"},{"title":"Hyundai R engine","text":"Hyundai R engine The Hyundai R engine is a diesel 4-cylinder automobile engine produced by Hyundai Kia Automotive Group. The 2.0L R-Engine (codenamed D4HA) is a 4-cylinder compacted graphited iron block and aluminum cylinder head unit, with chain driven dual overhead camshafts operating 4-valves per cylinder. Fuel is supplied to the unit using Bosch 3rd-generation common rail direct injection (CRDi) through piezo-electronic injectors operating at 1800 bar, with air being fed through an electronically managed variable geometry turbocharger and an advanced engine control unit (air system-based charge control). Bore and Stroke are x for a total displacement of 1995 cc.","psg_id":"14257518"},{"title":"Hyundai U engine","text":"air swirl control. Bore and stroke are 75 mm x 84.5 mm. It produces and torque in the Hyundai Getz and at 4,000 rpm and of torque at 2,000 rpm in the Kia Rio and higher spec Hyundai Getz models. Introduced in 2005 this engine replaced the 1.5L 3-cylinder D-engine common rail Diesel sold in the Hyundai Getz and Accent models which was notably less refined. The 1.6-litre U diesel engine (known as D4FB) from the Žilina Kia factory in Slovakia is a bored-out version of the 1.5-litre U series engine (77.2 mm versus 75 mm). It is a \"best","psg_id":"13492637"},{"title":"Hyundai Sonata","text":"\"(EF)\" series. Engines were the 2.0-liter with , 2.4-liter at Hyundai Sirius and a 2.5-liter with —the \"G6BW\" model of Hyundai Delta V6. The Kia Optima (called the Magentis outside of the United States) was based on the same automobile platform of this generation of Sonata and shared the same doors and some other panels. This Sonata also shared a platform with the first-generation Hyundai Santa Fe, a compact crossover SUV. Hyundai issued a facelift for the EF series in 2001 for the 2002 model year, known as the EF-B series. New front and rear styling featured, the original EF","psg_id":"4410231"},{"title":"Hyundai Motor Company","text":"received a number of well-recognized automobile awards worldwide. It also won the 2009 Canadian Car of the Year after winning its category of Best New Luxury Car under $50,000. The Hyundai's V8 Tau engine in the Genesis, which develops on premium fuel and on regular fuel, received 2009 Ward's 10 Best Engines award. In 2009, 4 models from Hyundai and two from Kia, earned the Top Safety Award by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In 2009, Hyundai/Kia vehicles were named as \"least expensive vehicles to insure\". Hyundai/Kia vehicles were the least expensive to insure and occupied the 'top","psg_id":"526353"},{"title":"Hyundai Motor America","text":"awards worldwide. It also won the 2009 Canadian Car of the Year after winning its category of Best New Luxury Car under $50,000. The Hyundai's V8 Tau engine in the Genesis, which develops 375 hp (280 kW) on premium fuel and 368 hp (274 kW) on regular fuel, received 2009Ward's 10 Best Engines award. In 2009, 4 models from Hyundai and two from Kia, earned the Top Safety Award by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In 2009, Hyundai/Kia vehicles were named as \"least expensive vehicles to insure\". Hyundai/Kia vehicles were the least expensive to insure and occupied the","psg_id":"17500518"},{"title":"Samsung P520 Giorgio Armani","text":"Samsung P520 Giorgio Armani The Samsung SGH-P520 is a mobile phone created by Samsung Electronics, announced on September 24, 2007, at an Giorgio Armani fashion show in Milan in a partnership between the two companies. It is the successor to the Samsung P310 (and the P300 before that), classified by Samsung as a \"credit card-phone\". Originally retailing at 750 euros ($1100), it has a 2.6-inch touchscreen with haptic feedback similar to that of the LG Viewty and a 3-megapixel camera. It uses Samsung's \"Croix\" user interface. The Samsung Giorgio Armani's design would heavily influence the Samsung Tocco handset in 2008.","psg_id":"10892547"},{"title":"Hyundai Sigma engine","text":"rpm. It was introduced with the Kia Sedona minivan in 2001. Applications(US) Applications(Korea) Applications(Kia) This Engine is no longer used by Kia/Hyundai automotive group. Hyundai Sigma engine The Hyundai Sigma engine family began life with the simple V6 name. Displacement ranges from 2.5 L to 3.5 L. The DOHC G6AV (also called the 2.5 D) is the small version. Bore is and stroke is shared with the 3.0 at . Output is 160 hp (119 kW) at 6000 rpm and 151 lb·ft (204 N m) at 4500 rpm. The DOHC G6AT and G6CT (also called the 3.0 D) both displace","psg_id":"4486290"},{"title":"Hyundai Mega Truck","text":"Hyundai Mega Truck The Hyundai Mega Truck (hangul:현대 메가트럭) is a line of medium-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available as cargo and dump truck. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai'. In USA and Canada it was called the Bering MD. Most medium-duty truck models are distinguishable by a front 'Hyundai Truck' badge, but the common Hyundai badge is usually used on the rear. In Japan, Asia-Pacific, Mid-East, Africa, South America, its principal competitors are Kia Rhino. Hyundai Mega Truck is a name used by Hyundai Motor Company in commercial vehicle of trucks for two","psg_id":"8291012"},{"title":"Kia Kue","text":"Auto Show. The Kia Kue has front and rear butterfly doors and it is the first and only concept car in the crossover SUV class to have front and rear butterfly doors. Kia Kue The Kia Kue was originally unveiled as a concept crossover SUV during the 2007 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It is similar in design to the Hyundai Santa Fe platform, and it may also share the same platform used by the Hyundai Santa Fe and Veracruz in that it, like the Santa Fe, it is a crossover SUV. The concept vehicle seated five passengers.","psg_id":"9590920"},{"title":"Kia Kue","text":"Kia Kue The Kia Kue was originally unveiled as a concept crossover SUV during the 2007 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It is similar in design to the Hyundai Santa Fe platform, and it may also share the same platform used by the Hyundai Santa Fe and Veracruz in that it, like the Santa Fe, it is a crossover SUV. The concept vehicle seated five passengers. The Kia Kue was the first car to win a Design Award for a Korean company. This concept was awarded with \"Eyes on Design Award\" for Design Excellence at the 2007 Detroit","psg_id":"9590919"},{"title":"Hyundai Motor Company","text":"its American operations as its cars grow in popularity. In 1990, Hyundai established the Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California. The center moved to a new $30 million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and was renamed the Hyundai Kia Motors Design and Technical Center. Besides the design studio, the facility also housed Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI, established in 1986), a subsidiary responsible for all engineering activities in the U.S. for Hyundai. Hyundai America Technical Center moved to its new , $117 million headquarters in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor) in 2005. Later that same year,","psg_id":"526345"},{"title":"LG G Pad 10.1","text":"LG G Pad 10.1 The LG G Pad 10.1 (also known as LG G Tab 10.1) is a 10.1-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 7.0. It is one of LG's new tablet-size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 10.1 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was released in July 2014. The G","psg_id":"18042916"},{"title":"LG G Pad 7.0","text":"LG G Pad 7.0 The LG G Pad 7.0 (also known as LG G Tab 7.0) is a 7.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 7.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was officially released in July 2014.","psg_id":"18042875"},{"title":"LG G Pad 8.0","text":"LG G Pad 8.0 The LG G Pad 8.0 (also known as LG G Tab 8.0) is an 8.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 7.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 8.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was released in July 2014. The","psg_id":"18042872"},{"title":"LG G Pad 10.1","text":"the ability to record HD videos. LG G Pad 10.1 The LG G Pad 10.1 (also known as LG G Tab 10.1) is a 10.1-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 7.0. It is one of LG's new tablet-size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 10.1 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was","psg_id":"18042918"},{"title":"LG G Pad 8.0","text":"has the ability to record HD videos. LG G Pad 8.0 The LG G Pad 8.0 (also known as LG G Tab 8.0) is an 8.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 7.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 8.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco.","psg_id":"18042874"},{"title":"Kia K4","text":"2014. Price ranges from 128,800 yuan to 189,800 yuan. A facelift was revealed in 2018 called the \"Kia K4 Cachet\" featuring new front and rear end styling. Kia K4 The Kia K4 or Kia Cachet (凯绅) is a compact four-door sedan positioned between the Kia K3 and Kia K5 that was designed exclusively for the Chinese market. The Kia K4 was previewed on the 2014 Beijing Auto Show by the Kia K4 Concept. The production version of the Kia K4 shares the same platform as the Hyundai Mistra, and was launched on to the Chinese car market in the second","psg_id":"20767570"},{"title":"Kia K4","text":"Kia K4 The Kia K4 or Kia Cachet (凯绅) is a compact four-door sedan positioned between the Kia K3 and Kia K5 that was designed exclusively for the Chinese market. The Kia K4 was previewed on the 2014 Beijing Auto Show by the Kia K4 Concept. The production version of the Kia K4 shares the same platform as the Hyundai Mistra, and was launched on to the Chinese car market in the second half of 2014 and was unveiled on August 29 2014, at the 2014 Chengdu Auto Show. The market launch for the production Kia K4 was in October","psg_id":"20767569"},{"title":"LG G Pad 7.0","text":"flash and rear-facing camera. It also has the ability to record HD videos. LG G Pad 7.0 The LG G Pad 7.0 (also known as LG G Tab 7.0) is a 7.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 7.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled","psg_id":"18042877"},{"title":"Hyundai Eon","text":"three-cylinder engine also found in the European Hyundai i10 and Kia Picanto. The motor generates power of at 6,200 rpm and peak torque at at 3500 rpm. In April 2017, Hyundai Asia Resources Incorporated (HARI) opened its Hyundai Assembly Center (HAC) in Santa Rosa to meet the increasing demand of the Eon in the Philippines. The plant also produces the Hyundai H350. As of November 2017, there are thirteen variants for the Indian market: The Philippine market version is offered in three variants: Models available in the Philippines (before 2016MY) are sold with airbags on the top-spec GLS variant but","psg_id":"15981500"},{"title":"Hyundai Atos","text":"changed and now also available with a chrome plating. The interiors remained the same. The car was presented at the Busan Motor Show on 17 May 1999 as a Kia Visto and was to be sold in Europe through the sales network of Kia Motors, alongside the old Atos that would remain in production and sold by Hyundai dealerships but, thanks to the success obtained from the model, the European dealers Hyundai opposed the decision of the parent company to distribute the Visto through the Kia network as the car would have caused competition within the same range of Atos","psg_id":"4199458"},{"title":"Hyundai Motor America","text":"Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California. The center moved to a new $30 million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and was renamed the Hyundai Kia Motors Design and Technical Center. Besides the design studio, the facility also housed Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI, established in 1986), a subsidiary responsible for all engineering activities in the U.S. for Hyundai. Hyundai America Technical Center moved to its new 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m), $117 million headquarters in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor) in 2005. Later that same year, HATCI announced that it would be expanding its technical operations in Michigan","psg_id":"17500510"},{"title":"Hyundai Excel","text":"In the US, although manuals exist for Accents before and after 1999, a manual for 1999 Hyundai Accent has not been published. Additionally, owners of the 1999 model were informed by their dealers that the power output of the 1.5-liter engine was in fact rated at . In China, the Hyundai Excel was branded as the Kia Qianlima under Dongfeng Yueda Kia. It came with either a 1.3 or a 1.6 liter engine. Production ran from December 2002 until November 2006. It had similar styling to the regular Hyundai Excel until it was given a facelift in 2005 featuring a","psg_id":"4736168"},{"title":"LG G2","text":"positive reception. In December 2013, the British magazine \"Stuff\" named the G2 its 2013 \"Phone of the Year\" and \"Gadget of the Year\", reporting that \"LG has previously struggled to make an impact on the smartphone market, but the LG G2 is as good as smartphones get in 2013, and shows the established names how it should be done.\" The G2 was considered by critics to be well-built, but was criticized for replacing the glass-based construction of the Optimus G with a plainer, plastic-based design, drawing comparisons to recent Samsung products. \"Ars Technica\" further criticized the Verizon Wireless version for","psg_id":"17429377"},{"title":"HDC Hyundai Development Company","text":"Development Company was the first builder, which enabled prospective residents to conduct preliminary quality checks before their move-ins, bearing standards for quality service and construction. Hyundai Apartments built by Hyundai Development Company had been synonymous with apartments in Korea. After Chairman Chung Mong-Gyu took the reins, Hyundai Development Company launched a new apartment brand IPARK in March 2001, adding a sophisticated and upscale touch to Hyundai apartments’ sturdy, trustworthy image. Hyundai Development Company continues to build up its reputation, creating landmarks across the country such as IPARK apartment complexes in the most-coveted areas such as Samsung-dong in Seoul, Haeundae in","psg_id":"9828311"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Motors\",\n \"text\": \"24,740 automobiles. However, during the Asian financial crisis, Kia declared bankruptcy in 1997; and in 1998 reached an agreement with Hyundai Motor Company to diversify by exchanging ownership between both companies. Hyundai Motor Company acquired 51% of the company, outbidding Ford Motor Company which had owned an interest in Kia Motors since 1986. After subsequent divestments, Hyundai Motor Company owns about one third of Kia Motor Corporation. While Hyundai Motor Company remains Kia's largest stakeholder, Kia Motor Company also retains ownership in some 22 different Hyundai Motor Company subsidiaries. Since 2005, Kia has focused on the European market and has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1644602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Capital\",\n \"text\": \"companies, supporting the financial services needs of Hyundai Motor America and Kia Motors America, Inc. HCA’s Treasury department was recognized as the 2015 Top Treasury Team in the annual Adam Smith Treasury Achievement awards competition of Treasury Today. Established in 2014, Hyundai Capital Canada (HCCA) is headquartered in Toronto and operates under the service brands Hyundai Motor Finance, Kia Motors Finance, and Genesis Finance. The company is a lease provider of Hyundai and Kia vehicles and continues to offer financial products tailored to meet the needs of Genesis, Hyundai, and Kia dealerships and customers. Hyundai Capital Europe, the European Hyundai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6430658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Creta\",\n \"text\": \"1.6 liter diesel and a 1.6 liter gasoline engine with five models for the Creta – E, E+, S, SX, SX(O). Each model has a specific set of features which distinguishes it from the others and comes in seven colours. Trinidad & Tobago imports the Indian made Hyundai Creta in three variants, Basic, Advanced and Fully Loaded. They all have 1.6 gasoline engines, with automatic transmissions. The ix25 is based on the Hyundai–Kia platform that underpins the Kia Soul, Hyundai i30, Hyundai Elantra and Kia Cee'd (among other cars), and is similar to the Kia KX3. In India, where it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18867697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Renault Samsung Motors\",\n \"text\": \"a range of cars, including electric models and crossovers. In the early 1990s, Samsung's Chairman Lee Kun-hee recognised the automotive industry as the culmination of several others. For the Samsung Group, this would allow to leverage resources and technologies from the entire group including Samsung Electrics and Samsung Electronics. He initially tried to take control of Kia, but competition from other bidders and legal restrictions made him to drop the idea. Kia was eventually purchased by Hyundai. Lee decided to create a new carmaker, Samsung Motors (also known as SMI) and a truck manufacturer, Samsung Commercial Vehicles Co., Ltd. (),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2240722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"of Commerce Index ranked Seoul No.9. The Global Financial Centres Index in 2015 listed Seoul as the 6th financially most competitive city in the world. The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Seoul 15th in the list of \\\"Overall 2025 City Competitiveness\\\" regarding future competitiveness of cities. The traditional, labour-intensive manufacturing industries have been continuously replaced by information technology, electronics and assembly-type of industries; however, food and beverage production, as well as printing and publishing remained among the core industries. Major manufacturers are headquartered in the city, including Samsung, LG, Hyundai, Kia and SK. Notable food and beverage companies include Jinro, whose\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12416053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Sportage (Chinese Market)\",\n \"text\": \"early 2018 with a price range of 119,900 to 139,900 yuan. The Kia Sportage III is based on the Hyundai ix35 which shares the same platform with the Chinese market second generation Hyundai ix35. Kia Sportage (Chinese Market) The Kia Sportage (智跑) in the Chinese market is a compact crossover produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The first two generations of the Kia Sportage in China are the same as the international version while the international third generation was sold in China as the Kia Sportage R and international fourth generation as the Kia KX5, the China-exclusive third generation Kia Sportage\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20843976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Renault Samsung Motors\",\n \"text\": \"the latter through Samsung Heavy Industries with Nissan Diesel's support. SMI was established in 1994 (incorporated in 1995) and Daegu-based Samsung Commercial Vehicles in 1996. Shortly after SMI started its operations, the Asian financial crisis hit. Samsung divested itself of SMI as well as other non-core subsidiaries. SMI was put up for sale, with Daewoo Motors being one of the first interested companies, but, as the crisis deepened, Daewoo Motors itself was bought by GM. Hyundai Motors was also considered as a possible buyer, but corporate politics and strife between the Samsung Group and the Hyundai Group made this impossible.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2240723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Mohave\",\n \"text\": \"V8 Hyundai Tau engine. The Tau V8 is tuned to give less power but more torque than in the Hyundai Genesis sedan, and creates . The V8 has a towing capacity of , and the V6 is able to tow . A navigation system was available as an option. The Kia Borrego FCEV is a concept car produced by Hyundai-Kia and first shown at the 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show. The green SUV concept is based on a model Borrego and has a fuel cell developed by the 4th generation Hyundai-Kia (154 hp, 115 kW) and a new battery Lithium-Ion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10380940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG Tractors\",\n \"text\": \"LG Tractors LG Tractors was a division of LG Cable. The group of companies were formerly known as GoldStar Cable. It is part of the LG Group. In 2005, LG Cable split off and became a separate company, taking the name LS Cable. The tractor division began in 1975 as a part of Hyundai in cooperation with Yanmar of Japan. See GoldStar for more history. LG had tie-ups with Mitsubishi and Fiat/New Holland, (CNH Global), and sold tractors under the LG, LG-Fiat and LG-New Holland brands. They also built tractors for sale by LG Montana, TAFE, LongAgri and Farmtrac in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7634257\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Watch\",\n \"text\": \"of Computerworld liked the LG G Watch's superior dimmed-mode display, comfortable band, and easy-to-use charging cradle, but did not like the uninspired design and poor outdoor visibility display compared to Samsung Gear Live. LG G Watch The LG G Watch (model W100, codenamed Dory) is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by LG and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the Samsung Gear Live as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17928554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG Tractors\",\n \"text\": \"North America. In 2005, LG Cable split off from LG and became LS Cable. The tractor division became LS Tractors, and tractors began to be sold under the LS and LS-New Holland brands. LG Tractors LG Tractors was a division of LG Cable. The group of companies were formerly known as GoldStar Cable. It is part of the LG Group. In 2005, LG Cable split off and became a separate company, taking the name LS Cable. The tractor division began in 1975 as a part of Hyundai in cooperation with Yanmar of Japan. See GoldStar for more history. LG had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7634258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Theta engine\",\n \"text\": \"NHTSA about a recall of more than 618,000 model year 2011-2014 Kia Optima, 2012-2014 Sorento and 2011-2013 Sportage vehicles because the Theta engine bearings wore out too early and caused the engines to seize. Kia said it didn't recall the vehicles in 2015 when Hyundai first recalled its cars because the Theta II engines in the Kia vehicles were built on a different production line and had different problems than Hyundai. In addition to customers complaining about the Theta II engines, a Korean whistleblower who worked for Hyundai as an engineer let NHTSA know what he knew. Owners started suing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4760780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG Electronics\",\n \"text\": \"the second-largest LCD TV manufacturer worldwide as of 2013. By 2005, LG was a Top 100 global brand, and in 2006 LG recorded a brand growth of 14%. Its display manufacturing affiliate, LG Display, as of 2009 was the world's largest LCD panel manufacturer. In 2010, LG Electronics entered the smartphone industry. Since, LG Electronics continued to develop various electronic products, such as releasing the world's first 84-inch ultra-HD TV for retail sale. On 5 December 2012, the antitrust regulators of the European Union fined LG Electronics and five other major companies (Samsung, Thomson since 2010 known as Technicolor, Matsushita\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3140009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Sportage (Chinese Market)\",\n \"text\": \"Kia Sportage (Chinese Market) The Kia Sportage (智跑) in the Chinese market is a compact crossover produced by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The first two generations of the Kia Sportage in China are the same as the international version while the international third generation was sold in China as the Kia Sportage R and international fourth generation as the Kia KX5, the China-exclusive third generation Kia Sportage was developed as an individual model based on the second generation Hyundai Tucson (Sold as the ix35 in China). The first generation Chinese market Kia Sportage was the same as the international version (Known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20843974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Steel\",\n \"text\": \"Dangjin, Pohang, Suncheon, Ulsan provinces of Korea and in China's Chungdo province. In addition to Hyundai Steel, the Hyundai-Kia Motor group includes steel companies such as, Hyundai Special Steel and BNG Steel Co., Ltd. (formerly Sammi Steel Co., Ltd.). Hyundai Steel uses the EAF and green field 3 blast furnaces process to manufacture crude steel while BNG is stainless 9cold rolling mills. Hyundai Steel, in 2004, had purchased the facilities of the defunct Hanbo Steel in Dangjin. They have taken the once rundown steel company and has refurnished and revitalised its long product and cold-rolling facilities to make it one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6727225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Mighty\",\n \"text\": \"LD. The overseas was another important market for the Mighty - to the extent that it was manufactured there from the 1980s using many local components. In Europe, Mid-East, Africa, South America, its principal competitors are Kia Titanic, Kia Trade, Kia Frontier. Hyundai Mighty The Hyundai Mighty (hangul:현대 마이티) is a line of light-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available in Korea and some other countries. Manufactured from 1987 with the first cars going to Asia, other European and American countries which saw import or manufacture of the Mighty included Europe, Mid-east, Africa, and South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8302463\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai MB 490i\",\n \"text\": \"Hyundai MB 490i The MB-490i is a tri-band/3G touchscreen phone made by Korean manufacturer Hyundai Mobile. It was first publicly shown at Mobile World Congress 2009. Its design and styling is shaped to resemble a dolphin’s head while other elements include rippling water around the camera. The dolphin theme is also carried through into software, with a dolphin assistant to help navigate menus. The MB-490i is Hyundai’s first attempt to push the styling and functionality of its devices into the midrange dominated by the likes of Nokia, Samsung, LG and Sony Ericsson. It has a 400 x 240 pixel WQVGA\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13186956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Gamma engine\",\n \"text\": \"CVVT. The engine was unveiled in the 11th Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference. The engine has been revised in the 2nd Generation Veloster Turbo to include a new pressurized cooling system, higher compression ratio of 10, electronically actuated wastegate, and a new ECU (CPEGD2.20.3). It is a hybrid variant with liquefied petroleum gas engine and electric motor. It was used in Kia Forte, Hyundai Avante LPI hybrid, Kia Forte LPi, Hyundai Avante LPi(Korea domestic only) Hyundai Gamma engine The Hyundai Gamma engine was introduced in the 2010 Hyundai Accent concept car to replace the existing Hyundai Alpha engine in the Hyundai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15750864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Cadenza\",\n \"text\": \"three cars being the Hyundai Genesis, Kia K900 and Hyundai Equus, which are currently on sale in the United States, and are manufactured by Hyundai and Kia. The car features Nappa leather seats in black, beige, or white, the latter available when also outfitted with luxury, technology, and white interior packages. The driver's seat is both heated and ventilated, and the passenger's seat is heated. The rear seats can also be heated. A dual sunroof is available. The car features the 3.3L, 294 horsepower V6, the most powerful engine available for the Cadenza. The engine is used in the Cadenza's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13923779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Capital\",\n \"text\": \"and Kia Finance, to provide both retail and wholesale finance to over 320 Hyundai and Kia franchised dealers in the U.K. In China, the company joined hands with Beijing Automotive Group, Hyundai Motor Company and others to set up Beijing Hyundai Auto Finance(BHAF) in 2012. BHAF's Income Before Taxes(IBT) in 2016 is more than doubled that of 2015. The company issued its first asset-backed security (ABS) in early 2016. Hyundai Capital is swiftly establishing footprints in emerging markets including Russia, Brazil, India, and Australia with financial consulting for Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors. Strategy + Execution - There can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6430660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Samsung\",\n \"text\": \"announced that Samsung had acquired the stake of Sony in this joint venture. Compared to other major Korean companies, Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively unharmed. However, Samsung Motor was sold to Renault at a significant loss. , Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung. Additionally, Samsung manufactured a range of aircraft from the 1980s to 1990s. The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the result of a merger between then three domestic major aerospace divisions of Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries and Hyundai Space and Aircraft\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18726874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia KX3\",\n \"text\": \"Kia KX3 The Kia KX3 or Kia Ao Pao (傲跑) is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured exclusively for the Chinese market by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The KX3 debuted as a concept on the 2014 Guangzhou Auto Show, while the production version made its debut in March 2015. The KX3 is based on the platform of the Hyundai ix25 and has a 1.6L. atmospheric or turbocharged engine. Pricing for the Kia KX3 Ao Pao ranges from 112,800 yuan to 186,800 yuan ($18,018 – 29,830). The facelifted Kia KX3 was launched on the 2016 Chengdu Auto Show in China with updates to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19934151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia KX3\",\n \"text\": \"the front and rear bumper designs. Kia KX3 The Kia KX3 or Kia Ao Pao (傲跑) is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured exclusively for the Chinese market by Dongfeng Yueda Kia. The KX3 debuted as a concept on the 2014 Guangzhou Auto Show, while the production version made its debut in March 2015. The KX3 is based on the platform of the Hyundai ix25 and has a 1.6L. atmospheric or turbocharged engine. Pricing for the Kia KX3 Ao Pao ranges from 112,800 yuan to 186,800 yuan ($18,018 – 29,830). The facelifted Kia KX3 was launched on the 2016 Chengdu Auto\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19934152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Electric car use by country\",\n \"text\": \"new internal combustion engine vehicles face a surcharge based on engine capacity. , about 7,200 plug-in cars had been sold. 2,896 EVs were sold during the first ten months of 2016, up 12% year-on-year. , all electric models on sale were manufactured by local firms. The top selling models during 2015 were the Kia Soul EV (657) and the Samsung SM3 Z.E. (640). The Hyundai Ioniq Electric was released in July 2016. The government offers a purchase subsidy for electric cars. Starting in 2016, the EV purchase tax surcharge was reduced, although EV drivers see various fees. The stock of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14464131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Motor Company\",\n \"text\": \"all 2011-2013 Hyundai and Kia vehicles had inflated fuel economy numbers; by as much as six miles per gallon. Currently, Hyundai and Kia have started a reimbursement programme for the owners of the 2011-2013 affected vehicles. Several consumers complained that the engine delivered with the Hyundai Veloster in Brazil was inferior to the one advertised. Independent tests confirmed that it was not the same engine, and it delivered only 121 CV (119 HP) instead of the advertised 140 CV (138 HP), with the car earning derogatory nicknames like Slowster in the Brazilian market. In April 2013, Hyundai Motors UK released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"526385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Mu engine\",\n \"text\": \"runners, along with a Variable intake system (VIS). The engines were built in Asan, Korea by Hyundai. Hyundai Mu engine The Kia Mu engine is a variant of the 2.7 Liter Hyundai Delta engine, the main difference with the Delta engine is the inclusion of the Continuous variable valve timing (CVVT). The Mu Engine is the Kia engineered variant of the Hyundai Delta engine. The Mu engine produces at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,000 to 4,500 rpm. The Mu engine is a 60 degree six cylinder and made of all aluminum block and heads. It features DOHC with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10656684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Communications in Iran\",\n \"text\": \"and 25% mobile phone (with growing demand for PDAs, smartphones and 3G handsets). Business Monitor International (BMI) forecasts that Iran’s demands for domestic consumer electronic devices will reach $10 billion by 2013 and $16 billion by 2016. Held once a year, \\\"ELECOMP\\\" is the greatest commercial event in Iran’s market of electronics and computer products and services. Iran is manufacturing some computer components under license from international companies, predominantly in the area of monitors. Eight Iranian companies are manufacturing monitors under licence of LG, Samsung, Hyundai, Benq, Tatung and CTX. Motherboard, keyboard, mouse, computer case, power supply, CPU, hard drive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"745640\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Conglomerate (company)\",\n \"text\": \"succeeded their fathers or grandfathers. Some of the largest and most well-known Korean chaebols are Samsung, LG, Hyundai Kia and SK. The era of Licence Raj (1947–1990) in India created some of Asia's largest conglomerates, such as the Tata Group, Kirloskar Group, Larsen & Toubro, Mahindra Group, Sahara India, ITC Limited, Essar Group, Reliance ADA Group, Reliance Industries, Aditya Birla Group and the Bharti Enterprises. In Brazil the most important conglomerates are J&F Investimentos, Odebrecht, Itaúsa, Camargo Corrêa, Votorantim Group, Andrade Gutierrez, and Queiroz Galvão. In New Zealand, Fletcher Challenge was formed in 1981 from the merger of Fletcher Holdings,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"741627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Tigers\",\n \"text\": \"Haitai was forced to sell the team to Kia in 2001. Until then the Tigers were was also in financial difficulty, could not convince their major players to stay. Eventually they lost Lee Jong-beom to the Chunichi Dragons, and closer Lim Chang-yong and manager Kim Eung-ryong to the Samsung Lions. Lee Jong-beom returned from Japan, and rookies Hong Se-wan, catcher Kim Sang-hoon and pitcher Kim Jin-woo joined between 2001 and 2002 to lead the team to the playoffs for three straight years from 2002 to 2004. But each time they were beaten, by the LG Twins, the SK Wyverns, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7150408\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Watch\",\n \"text\": \"LG G Watch The LG G Watch (model W100, codenamed Dory) is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by LG and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the Samsung Gear Live as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth LE. G Watch is, as of June 2014, only available in the United States and Canada at US$229 or in the United Kingdom for £159 on the Google Play Store. As of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17928552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama\",\n \"text\": \"availability of local suppliers led Hyundai to invest over $1 billion in a new Kia Motors plant in West Point, Georgia. The West Point Kia plant is just over the Alabama state line, less than 85 miles away from the Montgomery plant. The two plants are directly linked by the I-85 highway. Through the years some production has been shifted between the two plants. For example, Kia engines are made in the HMMA plant while some SUV production was moved from Hyundai to the West Point Kia plant. As of the end of 2013, the HMMA plant was running in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4697716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Theta engine\",\n \"text\": \"the highway. It comes with a 6-speed manual transmission in Sport model trim. Hyundai and Kia vehicles equipped with Theta II engines and recalled because of those engines are the focus of an investigation by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Safety regulators want to know if Hyundai and Kia did enough and fast enough concerning the recalls of nearly 1.7 million vehicles with Theta engines prone to a lot of noise and finally locking up. In September 2015, Hyundai recalled about 470,000 model year 2011-2012 Sonatas equipped with 2-liter and 2.4-liter Theta II engines. At the time, Hyundai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4760778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Santa Fe\",\n \"text\": \"American production of the Santa Fe shifted to Kia's new West Point, Georgia assembly plant for the 2011 model year. This was done to free up production capacity at the Alabama plant for the new Sonata and new Elantra. The Santa Fe fills the void left for a Kia-built Hyundai sold in the United States & Canada after Hyundai ended production of the Entourage minivan in 2009. Kia, however, is 49.2% owned by Hyundai. The Santa Fe only received minor changes for 2012: The all-body colored grille (in North American markets) was straightened and received chrome accents while the textured\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5120589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG&E and KU Energy\",\n \"text\": \"was closed on November 1, 2010, with E-ON US becoming LG&E and KU Energy. LG&E and KU Energy LG&E and KU Energy is a subsidiary of PPL Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky. It is composed of the following companies: The company was created in 1998, when LG&E acquired KU/ODP, becoming LG&E Energy. In 2000, Powergen, a British-based company, acquired LG&E Energy, which still operated under that name. In 2002, German-based E.ON acquired Powergen; the following year, in 2003, E.ON transferred the LG&E Energy group to its American subsidiary, E.ON US Holdings. On April 28, 2010 PPL and E.ON announced a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12316000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Mu engine\",\n \"text\": \"Hyundai Mu engine The Kia Mu engine is a variant of the 2.7 Liter Hyundai Delta engine, the main difference with the Delta engine is the inclusion of the Continuous variable valve timing (CVVT). The Mu Engine is the Kia engineered variant of the Hyundai Delta engine. The Mu engine produces at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,000 to 4,500 rpm. The Mu engine is a 60 degree six cylinder and made of all aluminum block and heads. It features DOHC with 4 valves per cylinder, and Multi-Port Fuel Injection. It also features CVVT and VLM Variable length intake\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10656683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Opirus\",\n \"text\": \"the executive car/full-size car classes, while the Kia Quoris was designed to fill the full-size luxury car classes. The Kia Cadenza, officially unveiled on October 18, 2009, is completely redesigned to reflect Kia's new design style. It is based on the platform of the next-generation Hyundai Azera (HG). The Cadenza will replace the Kia Amanti, and features many features found on more expensive luxury cars, such as a heated steering wheel, power extendable seat cushions, automatic windshield defogger, and cooled front seats. Like the Amanti, the Cadenza is only equipped with an automatic transmission. The Kia K9 is an upscale\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4313682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Capital\",\n \"text\": \"Capital subsidiary established in 2010 in Germany, received the European Central Bank as well as the German financial authorities’ approval to establish a captive bank in Germany in 2016. In January 2017, the bank, Hyundai Capital Bank Europe GmbH (HCBE), has officially launched its operations starting with providing financial services to customers and dealers of the Kia brand. Hyundai Capital UK (HCUK) is a captive finance company which commenced trading in 2012. It is a joint venture among Santander Consumer UK, Hyundai Capital Services, Kia Motors UK and Hyundai Motor UK. It operates under two consumer facing brands, Hyundai Finance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6430659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG&E and KU Energy\",\n \"text\": \"LG&E and KU Energy LG&E and KU Energy is a subsidiary of PPL Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky. It is composed of the following companies: The company was created in 1998, when LG&E acquired KU/ODP, becoming LG&E Energy. In 2000, Powergen, a British-based company, acquired LG&E Energy, which still operated under that name. In 2002, German-based E.ON acquired Powergen; the following year, in 2003, E.ON transferred the LG&E Energy group to its American subsidiary, E.ON US Holdings. On April 28, 2010 PPL and E.ON announced a definitive agreement in which PPL will acquire E.ON US for $7.625 billion. The sale\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12315999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Samsung Gear Live\",\n \"text\": \"Samsung Gear Live The Samsung Gear Live is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by Samsung and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the LG G Watch as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. Gear Live is the 5th device launched in the Samsung Gear family of wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth Smart. Gear Live was initially available in the United States and Canada at US$199 on the Google Play Store, and from Google's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18126915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Samsung Gear Live\",\n \"text\": \"distinctive design and the heart-rate sensor but did not like the poor outdoor visibility, the hard to use charger, awkward watch band and that it includes a redundant preinstalled stopwatch application. Samsung Gear Live The Samsung Gear Live is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by Samsung and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the LG G Watch as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. Gear Live is the 5th device launched in the Samsung Gear family of wearables. It is compatible with all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18126917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"KBO League\",\n \"text\": \"such as Gwangju-Kia Champions Field (2014), Gocheok Sky Dome (2016), Daegu Samsung Lions Park (2016), and Changwon Baseball Stadium (2019). Starting with the 2015 season, each team plays 144 games in the regular season, increased from 128 due to the addition of the KT Wiz to the league. Each team plays every other team 16 times. In mid-July of every season, the best players participate in the KBO All-Star Game. The franchises participating are divided into two sets of teams: Dream All-Stars (Doosan, KT, Lotte, Samsung, and SK) and Nanum All-Stars (Kia, Hanwha, LG, NC and Kiwoom). The KBO All-star\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4098015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai R engine\",\n \"text\": \"Hyundai R engine The Hyundai R engine is a diesel 4-cylinder automobile engine produced by Hyundai Kia Automotive Group. The 2.0L R-Engine (codenamed D4HA) is a 4-cylinder compacted graphited iron block and aluminum cylinder head unit, with chain driven dual overhead camshafts operating 4-valves per cylinder. Fuel is supplied to the unit using Bosch 3rd-generation common rail direct injection (CRDi) through piezo-electronic injectors operating at 1800 bar, with air being fed through an electronically managed variable geometry turbocharger and an advanced engine control unit (air system-based charge control). Bore and Stroke are x for a total displacement of 1995 cc.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14257518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai U engine\",\n \"text\": \"air swirl control. Bore and stroke are 75 mm x 84.5 mm. It produces and torque in the Hyundai Getz and at 4,000 rpm and of torque at 2,000 rpm in the Kia Rio and higher spec Hyundai Getz models. Introduced in 2005 this engine replaced the 1.5L 3-cylinder D-engine common rail Diesel sold in the Hyundai Getz and Accent models which was notably less refined. The 1.6-litre U diesel engine (known as D4FB) from the Žilina Kia factory in Slovakia is a bored-out version of the 1.5-litre U series engine (77.2 mm versus 75 mm). It is a \\\"best\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13492637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Sonata\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"(EF)\\\" series. Engines were the 2.0-liter with , 2.4-liter at Hyundai Sirius and a 2.5-liter with —the \\\"G6BW\\\" model of Hyundai Delta V6. The Kia Optima (called the Magentis outside of the United States) was based on the same automobile platform of this generation of Sonata and shared the same doors and some other panels. This Sonata also shared a platform with the first-generation Hyundai Santa Fe, a compact crossover SUV. Hyundai issued a facelift for the EF series in 2001 for the 2002 model year, known as the EF-B series. New front and rear styling featured, the original EF\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4410231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Motor Company\",\n \"text\": \"received a number of well-recognized automobile awards worldwide. It also won the 2009 Canadian Car of the Year after winning its category of Best New Luxury Car under $50,000. The Hyundai's V8 Tau engine in the Genesis, which develops on premium fuel and on regular fuel, received 2009 Ward's 10 Best Engines award. In 2009, 4 models from Hyundai and two from Kia, earned the Top Safety Award by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In 2009, Hyundai/Kia vehicles were named as \\\"least expensive vehicles to insure\\\". Hyundai/Kia vehicles were the least expensive to insure and occupied the 'top\",\n \"psg_id\": \"526353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Motor America\",\n \"text\": \"awards worldwide. It also won the 2009 Canadian Car of the Year after winning its category of Best New Luxury Car under $50,000. The Hyundai's V8 Tau engine in the Genesis, which develops 375 hp (280 kW) on premium fuel and 368 hp (274 kW) on regular fuel, received 2009Ward's 10 Best Engines award. In 2009, 4 models from Hyundai and two from Kia, earned the Top Safety Award by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In 2009, Hyundai/Kia vehicles were named as \\\"least expensive vehicles to insure\\\". Hyundai/Kia vehicles were the least expensive to insure and occupied the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17500518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Samsung P520 Giorgio Armani\",\n \"text\": \"Samsung P520 Giorgio Armani The Samsung SGH-P520 is a mobile phone created by Samsung Electronics, announced on September 24, 2007, at an Giorgio Armani fashion show in Milan in a partnership between the two companies. It is the successor to the Samsung P310 (and the P300 before that), classified by Samsung as a \\\"credit card-phone\\\". Originally retailing at 750 euros ($1100), it has a 2.6-inch touchscreen with haptic feedback similar to that of the LG Viewty and a 3-megapixel camera. It uses Samsung's \\\"Croix\\\" user interface. The Samsung Giorgio Armani's design would heavily influence the Samsung Tocco handset in 2008.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10892547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Sigma engine\",\n \"text\": \"rpm. It was introduced with the Kia Sedona minivan in 2001. Applications(US) Applications(Korea) Applications(Kia) This Engine is no longer used by Kia/Hyundai automotive group. Hyundai Sigma engine The Hyundai Sigma engine family began life with the simple V6 name. Displacement ranges from 2.5 L to 3.5 L. The DOHC G6AV (also called the 2.5 D) is the small version. Bore is and stroke is shared with the 3.0 at . Output is 160 hp (119 kW) at 6000 rpm and 151 lb·ft (204 N m) at 4500 rpm. The DOHC G6AT and G6CT (also called the 3.0 D) both displace\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4486290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Mega Truck\",\n \"text\": \"Hyundai Mega Truck The Hyundai Mega Truck (hangul:현대 메가트럭) is a line of medium-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available as cargo and dump truck. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai'. In USA and Canada it was called the Bering MD. Most medium-duty truck models are distinguishable by a front 'Hyundai Truck' badge, but the common Hyundai badge is usually used on the rear. In Japan, Asia-Pacific, Mid-East, Africa, South America, its principal competitors are Kia Rhino. Hyundai Mega Truck is a name used by Hyundai Motor Company in commercial vehicle of trucks for two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8291012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Kue\",\n \"text\": \"Auto Show. The Kia Kue has front and rear butterfly doors and it is the first and only concept car in the crossover SUV class to have front and rear butterfly doors. Kia Kue The Kia Kue was originally unveiled as a concept crossover SUV during the 2007 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It is similar in design to the Hyundai Santa Fe platform, and it may also share the same platform used by the Hyundai Santa Fe and Veracruz in that it, like the Santa Fe, it is a crossover SUV. The concept vehicle seated five passengers.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9590920\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia Kue\",\n \"text\": \"Kia Kue The Kia Kue was originally unveiled as a concept crossover SUV during the 2007 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It is similar in design to the Hyundai Santa Fe platform, and it may also share the same platform used by the Hyundai Santa Fe and Veracruz in that it, like the Santa Fe, it is a crossover SUV. The concept vehicle seated five passengers. The Kia Kue was the first car to win a Design Award for a Korean company. This concept was awarded with \\\"Eyes on Design Award\\\" for Design Excellence at the 2007 Detroit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9590919\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Motor Company\",\n \"text\": \"its American operations as its cars grow in popularity. In 1990, Hyundai established the Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California. The center moved to a new $30 million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and was renamed the Hyundai Kia Motors Design and Technical Center. Besides the design studio, the facility also housed Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI, established in 1986), a subsidiary responsible for all engineering activities in the U.S. for Hyundai. Hyundai America Technical Center moved to its new , $117 million headquarters in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor) in 2005. Later that same year,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"526345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Pad 10.1\",\n \"text\": \"LG G Pad 10.1 The LG G Pad 10.1 (also known as LG G Tab 10.1) is a 10.1-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 7.0. It is one of LG's new tablet-size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 10.1 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was released in July 2014. The G\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18042916\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Pad 7.0\",\n \"text\": \"LG G Pad 7.0 The LG G Pad 7.0 (also known as LG G Tab 7.0) is a 7.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 7.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was officially released in July 2014.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18042875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Pad 8.0\",\n \"text\": \"LG G Pad 8.0 The LG G Pad 8.0 (also known as LG G Tab 8.0) is an 8.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 7.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 8.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was released in July 2014. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18042872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Pad 10.1\",\n \"text\": \"the ability to record HD videos. LG G Pad 10.1 The LG G Pad 10.1 (also known as LG G Tab 10.1) is a 10.1-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 7.0. It is one of LG's new tablet-size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 10.1 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18042918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Pad 8.0\",\n \"text\": \"has the ability to record HD videos. LG G Pad 8.0 The LG G Pad 8.0 (also known as LG G Tab 8.0) is an 8.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 7.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 8.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled at the MedPI tradeshow in Monaco.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18042874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia K4\",\n \"text\": \"2014. Price ranges from 128,800 yuan to 189,800 yuan. A facelift was revealed in 2018 called the \\\"Kia K4 Cachet\\\" featuring new front and rear end styling. Kia K4 The Kia K4 or Kia Cachet (凯绅) is a compact four-door sedan positioned between the Kia K3 and Kia K5 that was designed exclusively for the Chinese market. The Kia K4 was previewed on the 2014 Beijing Auto Show by the Kia K4 Concept. The production version of the Kia K4 shares the same platform as the Hyundai Mistra, and was launched on to the Chinese car market in the second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20767570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kia K4\",\n \"text\": \"Kia K4 The Kia K4 or Kia Cachet (凯绅) is a compact four-door sedan positioned between the Kia K3 and Kia K5 that was designed exclusively for the Chinese market. The Kia K4 was previewed on the 2014 Beijing Auto Show by the Kia K4 Concept. The production version of the Kia K4 shares the same platform as the Hyundai Mistra, and was launched on to the Chinese car market in the second half of 2014 and was unveiled on August 29 2014, at the 2014 Chengdu Auto Show. The market launch for the production Kia K4 was in October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20767569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G Pad 7.0\",\n \"text\": \"flash and rear-facing camera. It also has the ability to record HD videos. LG G Pad 7.0 The LG G Pad 7.0 (also known as LG G Tab 7.0) is a 7.0-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics. It belongs to the LG G series, and was announced on 13 May 2014 along with the G Pad 8.0, and G Pad 10.1. This is one of LG's new tablet size variants aimed to compete directly with the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 series. The G Pad 7.0 was first announced on 13 May 2014. It was officially unveiled\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18042877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Eon\",\n \"text\": \"three-cylinder engine also found in the European Hyundai i10 and Kia Picanto. The motor generates power of at 6,200 rpm and peak torque at at 3500 rpm. In April 2017, Hyundai Asia Resources Incorporated (HARI) opened its Hyundai Assembly Center (HAC) in Santa Rosa to meet the increasing demand of the Eon in the Philippines. The plant also produces the Hyundai H350. As of November 2017, there are thirteen variants for the Indian market: The Philippine market version is offered in three variants: Models available in the Philippines (before 2016MY) are sold with airbags on the top-spec GLS variant but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15981500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Atos\",\n \"text\": \"changed and now also available with a chrome plating. The interiors remained the same. The car was presented at the Busan Motor Show on 17 May 1999 as a Kia Visto and was to be sold in Europe through the sales network of Kia Motors, alongside the old Atos that would remain in production and sold by Hyundai dealerships but, thanks to the success obtained from the model, the European dealers Hyundai opposed the decision of the parent company to distribute the Visto through the Kia network as the car would have caused competition within the same range of Atos\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4199458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Motor America\",\n \"text\": \"Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California. The center moved to a new $30 million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and was renamed the Hyundai Kia Motors Design and Technical Center. Besides the design studio, the facility also housed Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI, established in 1986), a subsidiary responsible for all engineering activities in the U.S. for Hyundai. Hyundai America Technical Center moved to its new 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m), $117 million headquarters in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor) in 2005. Later that same year, HATCI announced that it would be expanding its technical operations in Michigan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17500510\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hyundai Excel\",\n \"text\": \"In the US, although manuals exist for Accents before and after 1999, a manual for 1999 Hyundai Accent has not been published. Additionally, owners of the 1999 model were informed by their dealers that the power output of the 1.5-liter engine was in fact rated at . In China, the Hyundai Excel was branded as the Kia Qianlima under Dongfeng Yueda Kia. It came with either a 1.3 or a 1.6 liter engine. Production ran from December 2002 until November 2006. It had similar styling to the regular Hyundai Excel until it was given a facelift in 2005 featuring a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4736168\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LG G2\",\n \"text\": \"positive reception. In December 2013, the British magazine \\\"Stuff\\\" named the G2 its 2013 \\\"Phone of the Year\\\" and \\\"Gadget of the Year\\\", reporting that \\\"LG has previously struggled to make an impact on the smartphone market, but the LG G2 is as good as smartphones get in 2013, and shows the established names how it should be done.\\\" The G2 was considered by critics to be well-built, but was criticized for replacing the glass-based construction of the Optimus G with a plainer, plastic-based design, drawing comparisons to recent Samsung products. \\\"Ars Technica\\\" further criticized the Verizon Wireless version for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17429377\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"HDC Hyundai Development Company\",\n \"text\": \"Development Company was the first builder, which enabled prospective residents to conduct preliminary quality checks before their move-ins, bearing standards for quality service and construction. Hyundai Apartments built by Hyundai Development Company had been synonymous with apartments in Korea. After Chairman Chung Mong-Gyu took the reins, Hyundai Development Company launched a new apartment brand IPARK in March 2001, adding a sophisticated and upscale touch to Hyundai apartments’ sturdy, trustworthy image. Hyundai Development Company continues to build up its reputation, creating landmarks across the country such as IPARK apartment complexes in the most-coveted areas such as Samsung-dong in Seoul, Haeundae in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9828311\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["nam chosun","korea, republic of","so. korea","iso 3166-1:kr","r.o.k.","korea, republic of","korea, south","daehan minguk","republic of korea","s. korea","r. korea","south kroea","south korea","republican korea","korea (r.o.k.)","the republic of korea","korea south","rok","daehanminkook","남한","south korea/economy","daehanmingook","korea (south)","korea republic","skorea","s korea","韓國","south-korea","republican corea","republic of korea","corea republic","daehanminkuk","korea (republic of)","republic of korea","korea (rok)","south koreans","free korea","daehanminguk","대한민국","south corea","modern corea","south corea","taehan-min'guk","s.korea","大韓民國","south-korea","republic of corea","s. koreans","s. korean","south korean","korea (seoul)","namjoseon","republic of korea","korea, s","korean republic","republic of south korea","south korea","한국","corean republic"],"string":"[\n \"nam chosun\",\n \"korea, republic of\",\n \"so. korea\",\n \"iso 3166-1:kr\",\n \"r.o.k.\",\n \"korea, republic of\",\n \"korea, south\",\n \"daehan minguk\",\n \"republic of korea\",\n \"s. korea\",\n \"r. korea\",\n \"south kroea\",\n \"south korea\",\n \"republican korea\",\n \"korea (r.o.k.)\",\n \"the republic of korea\",\n \"korea south\",\n \"rok\",\n \"daehanminkook\",\n \"남한\",\n \"south korea/economy\",\n \"daehanmingook\",\n \"korea (south)\",\n \"korea republic\",\n \"skorea\",\n \"s korea\",\n \"韓國\",\n \"south-korea\",\n \"republican corea\",\n \"republic of korea\",\n \"corea republic\",\n \"daehanminkuk\",\n \"korea (republic of)\",\n \"republic of korea\",\n \"korea (rok)\",\n \"south koreans\",\n \"free korea\",\n \"daehanminguk\",\n \"대한민국\",\n \"south corea\",\n \"modern corea\",\n \"south corea\",\n \"taehan-min'guk\",\n \"s.korea\",\n \"大韓民國\",\n \"south-korea\",\n \"republic of corea\",\n \"s. koreans\",\n \"s. korean\",\n \"south korean\",\n \"korea (seoul)\",\n \"namjoseon\",\n \"republic of korea\",\n \"korea, s\",\n \"korean republic\",\n \"republic of south korea\",\n \"south korea\",\n \"한국\",\n \"corean republic\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78284,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in the human body, what is the name for the muscle that covers the shoulder?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Deltoid muscle","text":"purpose of supporting the entire body weight. Deltoid muscle The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. It is also known as the 'common shoulder muscle', particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat. Anatomically, it appears to be made up of three distinct sets of fibers though electromyography suggests that it consists of at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the nervous system. It was previously called the deltoideus (plural \"deltoidei\") and the name is still used by some anatomists. It is called so because it is in the","psg_id":"2934231"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Deltoid muscle\",\n \"text\": \"purpose of supporting the entire body weight. Deltoid muscle The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. It is also known as the 'common shoulder muscle', particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat. Anatomically, it appears to be made up of three distinct sets of fibers though electromyography suggests that it consists of at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the nervous system. It was previously called the deltoideus (plural \\\"deltoidei\\\") and the name is still used by some anatomists. It is called so because it is in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2934231\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Description of the Human Body","text":"soul. A sick or injured body does not do what we want or moves in ways we do not want. He believed the death of the body stopped it from being fit to bring about movement. This did not necessarily happen because the soul left the body. René Descartes believed the body could exist through mechanical means alone. This included digestion, blood circulation, muscle movement and some brain function. He felt we all know what the human body is like because animals have similar bodies and we have all seen them opened up. He saw the body as a machine.","psg_id":"3154880"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"Composition of the human body Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, muscle, bone, etc. In terms of cell type, the body contains hundreds of different types of cells, but notably, the largest \"number\" of cells contained in a human body (though not the largest mass of cells) are not human cells, but bacteria residing in the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Almost 99% of the","psg_id":"10894410"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"organisms. Composition of the human body Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, muscle, bone, etc. In terms of cell type, the body contains hundreds of different types of cells, but notably, the largest \"number\" of cells contained in a human body (though not the largest mass of cells) are not human cells, but bacteria residing in the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Almost 99% of","psg_id":"10894419"},{"title":"Effect of spaceflight on the human body","text":"for the astronauts. These joint torques and muscle forces could be used in conjunction with more fundamental computational simulations of bone remodeling and muscle adaptation in order to more completely model the end effects of such countermeasures, and determine whether a proposed exercise regime would be sufficient to sustain astronaut musculoskeletal health. The second effect of weightlessness takes place in human fluids. The body is made up of 60% water, much of it intra-vascular and inter-cellular. Within a few moments of entering a microgravity environment, fluid is immediately re-distributed to the upper body resulting in bulging neck veins, puffy face","psg_id":"4744209"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"History of beliefs about the human body The human body has been subject of much debate. How people are defined, and what defined them – be it their anatomy or their energy or both – depends on culture and time. Culture not only defines how sex is perceived but also how gender is defined. Today gender, sex, and identity continue to be of much debate and change based on what place and people are being examined. The early modern idea of the body was a cultural ideal, an understanding and approach to how the body works and what place that","psg_id":"20813747"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"not in an essential biological role. The average adult human body contains approximately atoms and contains at least detectable traces of 60 chemical elements. About 29 of these elements are thought to play an active positive role in life and health in humans. The relative amounts of each element vary by individual, mainly due to differences in the proportion of fat, muscle and bone in their body. Persons with more fat will have a higher proportion of carbon and a lower proportion of most other elements (the proportion of hydrogen will be about the same). The numbers in the table","psg_id":"10894414"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"that even in European cultures that attempt to adhere purely to what can be seen and touched, recognize that there is a more cosmic necessity to the body and connection to the physical and cosmological worlds. History of beliefs about the human body The human body has been subject of much debate. How people are defined, and what defined them – be it their anatomy or their energy or both – depends on culture and time. Culture not only defines how sex is perceived but also how gender is defined. Today gender, sex, and identity continue to be of much","psg_id":"20813770"},{"title":"The Description of the Human Body","text":"The Description of the Human Body The Description of the Human Body () is an unfinished treatise written in 1647 by René Descartes (1596-1650). Descartes felt knowing oneself was particularly useful. This for him included medical knowledge. He hoped to cure and prevent disease, even to slow down aging. René Descartes believed the soul caused conscious thought. The body caused automatic functions like the beating of the heart and digestion he felt. The body was necessary for voluntary movement as well as the will. However, he believed the power to move the body was wrongly imagined to come from the","psg_id":"3154879"},{"title":"The Covers Record","text":"Moon Pix is 200,000 copies as of 2001. The Covers Record The Covers Record is the fifth album by Cat Power, the stage name and eponymous band of American singer-songwriter Chan Marshall. It was released in 2000 on Matador Records. The album consists almost entirely of cover songs, with the exception of a new version of Marshall's song \"In this Hole,\" which initially appeared on Cat Power's 1996 album \"What Would the Community Think. The success of Cat Power’s fourth album, \"Moon Pix\" (1998), led to high expectations for her follow-up, and made it difficult for her to live what","psg_id":"5580035"},{"title":"Effect of spaceflight on the human body","text":"Effect of spaceflight on the human body Venturing into the environment of space can have negative effects on the human body. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and a weakening of the immune system. Additional symptoms include fluid redistribution (causing the \"moon-face\" appearance typical in pictures of astronauts experiencing weightlessness), loss of body mass, nasal congestion, sleep disturbance, and excess flatulence. The engineering problems associated with leaving Earth and developing","psg_id":"4744174"},{"title":"The Covers Record","text":"The Covers Record The Covers Record is the fifth album by Cat Power, the stage name and eponymous band of American singer-songwriter Chan Marshall. It was released in 2000 on Matador Records. The album consists almost entirely of cover songs, with the exception of a new version of Marshall's song \"In this Hole,\" which initially appeared on Cat Power's 1996 album \"What Would the Community Think. The success of Cat Power’s fourth album, \"Moon Pix\" (1998), led to high expectations for her follow-up, and made it difficult for her to live what she called “a normal life.” She elected to","psg_id":"5580029"},{"title":"The Human Body (TV series)","text":"July 2001 and includes a 50-minute feature on \"The Making of the Human Body\" - A final overview that reveals the techniques and developments that made the series possible. The series was adapted into a film released for IMAX cinemas. The film won the Giant Screen Theatre Association's Best Film For Lifelong Learning award. The book accompanying the series was written by Anthony Smith. According to one review, \"Smith transcends anatomical trivia to record our bodies' powerful tale with empathy and clarity.\" The Human Body (TV series) The Human Body is a seven-part documentary series, first shown on 20 May","psg_id":"13595358"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"viewed on an atomic and molecular scale as shown in this article. The estimated gross molecular contents of a typical 20-micrometre human cell is as follows: Body composition can also be expressed in terms of various types of material, such as: There are many species of bacteria and other microorganisms that live on or inside the healthy human body. In fact, 90% of the cells in (or on) a human body are microbes, by number (much less by mass or volume). Some of these symbionts are necessary for our health. Those that neither help nor harm humans are called commensal","psg_id":"10894418"},{"title":"My Name Is Human","text":"Bridges in its final form, and is intercut with Johnny Stevens singing and viewing the robot's features up close. Blue crystal-like formations appear to grow out of the floor, as more robots appear, standing in formation behind Stevens. It ends with Bridges resting her head on Stevens' shoulder. My Name Is Human \"My Name Is Human\" is a song by American rock band Highly Suspect. It was released as the lead single from their second studio album \"The Boy Who Died Wolf\" in 2016. The song reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart and stayed there for eight","psg_id":"19720291"},{"title":"Development of the human body","text":"used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development. Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy. In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sex organs. Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when an adult","psg_id":"936206"},{"title":"Cremaster muscle","text":"Cremaster muscle The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord. In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated and smooth muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on each side of the body. Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of the inguinal ligament. The medial cremaster muscle, which sometimes is","psg_id":"2498946"},{"title":"Cremaster muscle","text":"Greek verb \"I hang\" (). Cremaster muscle The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord. In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated and smooth muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on each side of the body. Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of the inguinal ligament. The medial","psg_id":"2498951"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"g in men, ~2.3 g in women Of the 94 naturally occurring chemical elements, 60 are listed in the table above. Of the remaining 34, it is not known how many occur in the human body. Most of the elements needed for life are relatively common in the Earth's crust. Aluminium, the third most common element in the Earth's crust (after oxygen and silicon), serves no function in living cells, but is harmful in large amounts. Transferrins can bind aluminium. The composition of the human body is expressed in terms of chemicals: The composition of the human body can be","psg_id":"10894417"},{"title":"The Human Body (TV series)","text":"The Human Body (TV series) The Human Body is a seven-part documentary series, first shown on 20 May 1998 on BBC One and presented by medical scientist Robert Winston. A co-production between the BBC and The Learning Channel, the series looks at the mechanics and emotions of the human body from birth to death. The series was nominated for numerous awards, winning several, including three BAFTA awards, four RTS awards and a Peabody Award. Described as the BBC's \"first major TV series on human biology\", it took over two years to make and aimed to be the definitive set of","psg_id":"13595356"},{"title":"Explorers of the Human Body","text":"new educational program, introducing the audience to the human body. Shin Dong-yup was chosen to be the lead MC, with the Super Junior members being regulars and co-MCs of the program. Ratings for the show became the highest of all three shows that aired in SBS's new \"Good Sunday\" lineup as the show is educational and entertaining to watch. It was also the first and currently the only variety show that included every member of Super Junior as regulars. Each episode has a main topic to explore regarding the human body. In the first episode, which involved the tongue and","psg_id":"11375410"},{"title":"Effect of spaceflight on the human body","text":"to best counteract the bone and muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts in microgravity environments for prolonged periods of time. The Human Research Program's Human Health Countermeasures Element chartered the Digital Astronaut Project to investigate targeted questions about exercise countermeasure regimes. NASA is focusing on integrating a model of the advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) currently on board the International Space Station with OpenSim musculoskeletal models of humans exercising with the device. The goal of this work is to use inverse dynamics to estimate joint torques and muscle forces resulting from using the ARED, and thus more accurately prescribe exercise regimens","psg_id":"4744208"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"about what he proposed as the discovery of the clitoris, stated that, \"like a penis, \"if you touch it, you will find it rendered a little harder and oblong to such a degree that it shows itself as a sort of male member.\" (There was much debate on the actual discovery of the clitoris between male European scientists and many claimed to have described it first: by dissecting the human body and writing down what was observed these European scientists could claim in their idea of the body that they had discovered or created new knowledge.) This one-sex model was","psg_id":"20813760"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. All 11 are necessary for life. The remaining elements are trace elements, of which more than a dozen are thought on the basis of good evidence to be necessary for life. All of the mass of the trace elements put together (less than 10 grams for a human body) do not add up to the body mass of magnesium, the least common of the 11 non-trace elements.","psg_id":"10894411"},{"title":"Explorers of the Human Body","text":"weeks. It was later decided that instead of a hiatus, the program will end the season with thirteen episodes. Super Junior decided to leave the show due to their occupied schedules and busy preparations for their upcoming Asia-wide concert tour, Super Show. However, representatives of the program stated if there is a chance, a second season is considered. \"Change\", the variety program hosted by Lee Hyo-ri and Shin Dong-yup with Noh Hong-chul, Kangin, Son Ho-young and Min Kyung-hoon as regulars, took over the time slot. Explorers of the Human Body Explorers of the Human Body (Hangul: 인체탐험대; Hanja: 人體探險隊) was","psg_id":"11375413"},{"title":"Effect of spaceflight on the human body","text":"of muscle fibre prominent in muscles also change. Slow twitch endurance fibres used to maintain posture are replaced by fast twitch rapidly contracting fibres that are insufficient for any heavy labour. Advances in research on exercise, hormone supplements and medication may help maintain muscle and body mass. Bone metabolism also changes. Normally, bone is laid down in the direction of mechanical stress. However, in a microgravity environment there is very little mechanical stress. This results in a loss of bone tissue approximately 1.5% per month especially from the lower vertebrae, hip and femur. Due to microgravity and the decreased load","psg_id":"4744203"},{"title":"Explorers of the Human Body","text":"Explorers of the Human Body Explorers of the Human Body (Hangul: 인체탐험대; Hanja: 人體探險隊) was one of the three shows of the newly revamped \"Good Sunday\", a lineup of variety shows that airs every Sunday evening at 5:30 pm KST on SBS. The show's aim was to answer curious questions about the human body, where the Super Junior members perform the answers by doing experiments with their own bodies. The show succeeded in attracting a wide audience due to its comedic and educational content. After previous popular shows \"X-Man\" and \"Reverse Drama\" ended, SBS's \"Good Sunday\" decided to air a","psg_id":"11375409"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"Not all elements which are found in the human body in trace quantities play a role in life. Some of these elements are thought to be simple bystander contaminants without function (examples: caesium, titanium), while many others are thought to be active toxics, depending on amount (cadmium, mercury, radioactives). The possible utility and toxicity of a few elements at levels normally found in the body (aluminium) is debated. Functions have been proposed for trace amounts of cadmium and lead, although these are almost certainly toxic in amounts very much larger than normally found in the body. There is evidence that","psg_id":"10894412"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"much on discourse about bodies, rather than on material bodies themselves. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's 1965 \"Rabelais and His World\", they promoted a more materially orientated direction in the history of the body. The Ebers Papyrus is an Egyptian medical text and is the oldest known record of the human body, dating back to 3000 BC. The Ebers Papyrus describes the body by physical examination and what can be felt. Clinical investigations such as the Pulse, percussion of the body, the recognition of diseased or disordered states. “If thou examinst a swelling of the covering of his belly’s horns above","psg_id":"20813752"},{"title":"101 Things Removed from the Human Body","text":"101 Things Removed from the Human Body 101 Things Removed from the Human Body and 101 More Things Removed from the Human Body is a British \"shockumentary\" series directed by Eric Schotz, which is narrated by Mitch Lewis. The program features tales of foreign objects that have been removed from human bodies in the form of a countdown from 101 to 1. Items included are javelins, a boat anchor, a bicycle pump, a bag of nails, an ice pick, and a human body. The documentary series was first broadcast on Sky One in October 2003. When the show was re-broadcast","psg_id":"7279214"},{"title":"Supraspinatus muscle","text":"Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus (plural \"supraspinati\") is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapula above its spine. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of","psg_id":"5637396"},{"title":"Composition of the human body","text":"are averages of different numbers reported by different references. The adult human body averages ~53% water. This varies substantially by age, sex, and adiposity. In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent, and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to overall mass and atomic composition figures. Because of water content, the human body","psg_id":"10894415"},{"title":"Development of the human body","text":"inconsistent and contradictory; a person may be biologically an adult, and have adult behavior but still be treated as a child if they are under the legal age of majority. Conversely, one may legally be an adult but possess none of the maturity and responsibility that may define an adult. Development of human organs and organ systems begins in the embryo and continues throughout the human lifespan. Development of the human body Human development is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a","psg_id":"936210"},{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body","text":"\"Three Corpses; demonic spirits believed to live in the human body and hasten death\" and \"gǔdú\" 蠱毒 \"gu poisoning\"; a poison produced by venomous insects; cast a black magic spirit possession over someone\". The first \"Bencao gangmu\" prescription for human nails is not from Chinese medical texts but from Daoist rituals for expelling what (Cooper & Sivin (1973: 220) describe as the \"Three Corpse-Worms 三尸, the chief of the \"inner gods\" who are to the individual microcosm what the celestial bureaucracy is to the cosmos.\" Prescription 52.6.1, the 斬三尸法 \"Method of Beheading the Three Corpses\", involves supernaturally cutting the nails","psg_id":"18615295"},{"title":"Development of the human body","text":"of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilisation occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences. Embryogenesis covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the","psg_id":"936201"},{"title":"Human body","text":"blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body. Human anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. The human body has four limbs (two arms and two legs), a head and a neck which connect to the torso. The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a","psg_id":"648888"},{"title":"The Covers Record","text":"release an album of covers in part because she felt more comfortable playing covers than her own material. Between \"Moon Pix\" and what became \"The Covers Record\", she scheduled a number of solo shows during which she played only covers. In order to take attention away from herself, she projected the 1928 French silent film \"The Passion of Joan of Arc\" behind her onstage. Marshall’s decision to release a covers album was disappointing to Matador, who considered her a “genius songwriter” and wanted to capitalize on the success of \"Moon Pix\". According to Gerard Cosloy, the promotional campaign for \"The","psg_id":"5580030"},{"title":"Development of the human body","text":"characteristics, the \"filling in\" of the child's body; from girl to woman, from boy to man. Biologically, an adult is a human or other organism that has reached sexual maturity. In human context, the term \"adult\" additionally has meanings associated with social and legal concepts. In contrast to a \"minor\", a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient, and responsible. The typical age of attaining adulthood is 18, although definition may vary by legal rights and country. Human adulthood encompasses psychological adult development. Definitions of adulthood are often","psg_id":"936209"},{"title":"Theology of the Body","text":"nature of human beings in relation to God. The \"Theology of the Body\" presents an interpretation of the fundamental significance of the body, and in particular of sexual differentiation and complementarity, one which aims to challenge common contemporary philosophical views. Nevertheless, the pope's personalistic phenomenology is \"echoing what he learned from St. John of the Cross\" and is \"in harmony with St. Thomas Aquinas\". Francis Bacon was an early empiricist who focused on problems of knowledge. In his Great Instauration, he argued that the current state of knowledge is immature and not advancing. His purpose was for the human mind","psg_id":"4875938"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","psg_id":"9406947"},{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body","text":"parts of the human body should be used as drugs, such as bone, flesh, and gall. This is really very rude and inhuman. In the present category, all parts of the human body that have been used as drugs are recorded. The use of drugs from the human body that is not contrary to morality is recorded in detail. Those drugs that are cruel or foul [慘忍邪穢] are not recorded in detail. But all of them are listed in this category. (tr. Luo 2003: 4133) Li does not give prescriptions for 12 of the 35 human drugs, which he considered","psg_id":"18615273"},{"title":"Theology of the Body","text":"original design for human sexuality and thus the dignity of the human person, how it was distorted through sin, and how it has been restored and renewed through the redemption of Jesus Christ; and Catholic teachings about the sacramentality of marriage. The central thesis of John Paul's Theology of the Body, according to author Christopher West, is that \"the body, and it alone, is capable of making visible what is invisible: the spiritual and the divine. It was created to transfer into the visible reality of the world, the mystery hidden since time immemorial in God, and thus to be","psg_id":"4875952"},{"title":"Human body","text":"of different cavities, separated areas which house different organ systems. The brain and central nervous system reside in an area protected from the rest of the body by the blood brain barrier. The lungs sit in the pleural cavity. The intestines, liver, and spleen sit in the abdominal cavity Height, weight, shape and other body proportions vary individually and with age and sex. Body shape is influenced by the distribution of muscle and fat tissue. Human physiology is the study of how the human body functions. This includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health,","psg_id":"648891"},{"title":"Shoulder girdle","text":"is the anatomical mechanism that allows for all upper arm and shoulder movement in humans. The shoulder girdle consists of five muscles that attach to the clavicle and scapula and allow for the motion of the sternoclavicular joint (connection between sternum and clavicle) and acromioclavicular joint (connection between clavicle and scapula). The five muscles that comprise the function of the shoulder girdle are the trapezius muscle (upper, middle, and lower), levator scapulae muscle, rhomboid muscles (major and minor), serratus anterior muscle, and pectoralis minor muscle. The shoulder girdle is a complex of five joints that can be divided into two","psg_id":"6889322"},{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body","text":"were successfully making quasi-empirical preparations of active substances with androgens and estrogens, a technique that modern biochemists did not develop until the early 20th century. The physician William C. Cooper and the sinologist Nathan Sivin (1973) chose what the Chinese call \"rényào\" 人藥 \"human drugs\" as a pilot experiment sample for pharmacologically analyzing the efficacy of drugs used in TCM. In contrast to many traditional Chinese plant, animal, and mineral pharmaceuticals with uncertain active constituents, the chemical composition of the human body and parts is well known, and \"their therapeutic effectiveness, or lack of it, can be objectively, if approximately,","psg_id":"18615282"},{"title":"Cunningham shoulder reduction","text":"Cunningham shoulder reduction Cunningham shoulder reduction is a method of shoulder reduction that utilizes bicipital massage and the patient's own cooperation. The method is one of several techniques used for shoulder reduction. Shoulder disclocation is a common complication of trauma or misuse and is often anterior. In this condition the humeral head has moved anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa. The Cunningham technique involves massaging the bicipital muscle in the mid humerus, with the patient's affected arm adducted (close to their body), and the elbow flexed. At the same time the patient is told to move the shoulder superiorly (up),","psg_id":"16229370"},{"title":"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb","text":"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb is an oil and tempera on limewood painting created by the German artist and printmaker Hans Holbein the Younger between 1520–22. The work shows a life-size, grotesque depiction of the stretched and unnaturally thin body of Jesus Christ lying in his tomb. Holbein shows the dead Son of God after he has suffered the fate of an ordinary human. The painting is especially notable for its dramatic dimensions (30.5 cm x 200 cm), and the fact that Christ's face, hands and feet,","psg_id":"13326976"},{"title":"Errors of the Human Body","text":"screening, Sheean himself said, \"The film is about a breakdown in communication, both on the surface in the characters and internally with the cells.\" Errors of the Human Body Errors of the Human Body is a 2012 psychological thriller directed by Eron Sheean and starring Michael Eklund. Dr. Geoff Burton (Eklund), a brilliant genetics researcher, is invited to a lab in Dresden, only to discover a lethal virus is being created, which he may have unintentionally caused and be its first victim. This mystery is set against Dr. Burton trying to find redemption and peace from a past haunted by","psg_id":"16953862"},{"title":"Errors of the Human Body","text":"Errors of the Human Body Errors of the Human Body is a 2012 psychological thriller directed by Eron Sheean and starring Michael Eklund. Dr. Geoff Burton (Eklund), a brilliant genetics researcher, is invited to a lab in Dresden, only to discover a lethal virus is being created, which he may have unintentionally caused and be its first victim. This mystery is set against Dr. Burton trying to find redemption and peace from a past haunted by the death of his infant son. While showing a short film at Berlinale in 2006, Sheean met a scientist from the Max Planck Institute","psg_id":"16953858"},{"title":"The Body Snatchers","text":"The Body Snatchers The Body Snatchers is a 1955 science fiction novel by American writer Jack Finney, originally serialized in \"Colliers Magazine\" in 1954, which describes real-life Mill Valley, California (called in the original film by the fictional name of \"Santa Mira\") being invaded by seeds that have drifted to Earth from space. The seeds, grown from plantlike pods, replace sleeping people with perfect physical duplicates with all the same knowledge, memories, scars, etc. but are incapable of human emotion or feeling. The human victims disappear forever. The duplicates live only five years and cannot sexually reproduce; consequently, if unstopped,","psg_id":"8137622"},{"title":"The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)","text":"abnormally large, an effect that Whedon added because he experienced it when his mother died. Buffy is so bewildered by the paramedic telling her that Joyce is dead that she can only focus on his mouth in an attempt to understand what he is saying. The camera uses her perspective and only the bottom part of the paramedic's face is in view. Instead of a normal \"over-the-shoulder\" view, Buffy is shot at the same height as the paramedic's shoulder, barely squeezed into the frame as if to portray her, according to Whedon, as trapped by reality. Kristine Sutherland stated that","psg_id":"4528342"},{"title":"The Body in the Library","text":"earlier, Anne Meredith knows Ariadne Oliver as the writer of a book called \"The Body in the Library\". In the first episode of the second series (\"And the Moonbeams Kiss the Sea\") of the television series \"Lewis,\" the body of a handyman is found in the Bodleian Library. DS James Hathaway comments to DI Robbie Lewis, \"You realise what we've got, don't you, sir. ... The body in the library.\" The 1984 television film \"The Body in the Library\" was part of the BBC series of \"Miss Marple\", with Joan Hickson making the first of her acclaimed appearances in the","psg_id":"5568763"},{"title":"The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)","text":"and Dawn. She asks why her clothes are stupid and she is childish, weeping until Tara kisses and calms her. Anya asks Xander what she is supposed to do; he cannot answer. Willow changes her shirt again and Xander expresses his desire to find Glory and exact justice, then complains about Joyce's negligent doctors. Anya asks if they will see the body, then if the body will be cut open, and Willow responds angrily. Anya tearfully says she does not understand how to behave, or why Joyce cannot go back into her own body, unable to understand human death, she","psg_id":"4528318"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"muscular and focuses on the exterior of the body, what can be see and felt. This was the standard of beauty of humans and continues to be the ideal body of European traditions. There is no Vitruvian women. Eastern ideologies of the body explain what can be detected, not only felt and examined. This comes from the idea that there is not only what can be physically seen and touched but what can't be. Energy or more aptly the means by which your body can manifest itself in the world can't be seen but, was thought to be able to","psg_id":"20813762"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","psg_id":"9406939"},{"title":"The Tale of the Body Thief","text":"again so that she wouldn't lose him. This could make \"Tale of the Body Thief\" the second of two \"Vampire Chronicle\" novels inspired by Rice's personal tragedies, the first being \"Interview with the Vampire\" (which is denied by Rice). Lestat's adjustment to his human body takes up a major portion of the book—after almost two centuries of being a vampire, he finds he has trouble with the basic human nuances of eating, defecating, and taking care of his body. One of the realizations made by Lestat is that he took his powers for granted for too long; only after his","psg_id":"1355110"},{"title":"The Body in the Library","text":"discloses a diabolical plot.\" Robert Barnard: \"Bravura performance on a classic situation. St Mary Mead regulars figure in the case, pleasantly diversified by fashionable seaside hotel guests and the film crowd. If you think what happens to the body after death is unlikely, try the more 'realistic' P.D. James' \"An Unsuitable Job for a Woman\".\" In Chapter 8 the author gives herself a namecheck from the mouth of the young boy, Peter Carmody. Explaining that he enjoys reading detective stories, Peter says that he has the autographs of Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, John Dickson Carr and H. C. Bailey. In","psg_id":"5568761"},{"title":"The Body Silent","text":"experience muscle spasms in his anus, and in his lower abdomen in 1972, and soon had trouble urinating. He was then diagnosed with an anal fissure, meaning of a slight break in the muscle. After a few years of symptoms, he visited a neurologist and was diagnosed with a benign but slowly growing tumor in the upper part of his spinal cord. Within two years his central nervous system was severely damaged, and lost control of most bodily functions. In 1987, the book was awarded the Columbia University's Lionel Trilling Award. The Body Silent The Body Silent is a personal","psg_id":"15039255"},{"title":"The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)","text":"to mortality and human connections, is childlike in her innocence and questions. Xander's anger and Anya's confusion allow them to be mothered somewhat by Willow, who needs to take care of someone. Dawn is deeply in denial, unable to understand that the woman she thought she had known all her life was gone. Tara, who has gone through the ordeal before, represents the acceptance phase, soothing and helping the others to work through what they are experiencing. Buffy toward the end also begins to see acceptance when she tells Dawn that the body in the morgue is not their mother;","psg_id":"4528338"},{"title":"Shoulder","text":"Shoulder The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the major joint of the shoulder, but can more broadly include the acromioclavicular joint. In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula, and the head sits in the glenoid cavity. The shoulder is the group","psg_id":"2070371"},{"title":"101 Things Removed from the Human Body","text":"from their body survived. This program also aired in the USA on the Discovery network's \"The Learning Channel\" in October 2007. The program contains stories, including a man having a uterus and a man with a teratoma, a type of large tumor. The large jaw tumor segment featured the work Mercy Ships, who have operated floating hospital ships in impoverished areas around the world. 101 Things Removed from the Human Body 101 Things Removed from the Human Body and 101 More Things Removed from the Human Body is a British \"shockumentary\" series directed by Eric Schotz, which is narrated by","psg_id":"7279216"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"these views, that the soul has aspects that can't be felt by normal methods, and physical manifestations that can be felt. \"For even if one and being are spoken of in several ways, what is properly so spoken of is the actuality\" -Aristotle in DeAnima Aristotle forms the idea of Hylomorphism, that the soul and the body are not capable of being split apart without destroying both in the process. Despite this idea of the body and the soul Aristotle viewed disorder in what could be seen and felt. He was a proponent of the humoral theory that classified disorder","psg_id":"20813756"},{"title":"Theology of the Body","text":"letters, and exhortations. The delivery of the \"Theology of the Body\" series did have interruptions. For example, the Wednesday audiences were devoted to other topics during the Holy Year of Redemption in 1983. The work covers such topics as the unified corporeal and spiritual qualities of the human person; the origins, history and destiny of humanity; the deepest desires of the human heart and the way to experience true happiness and freedom; the truth about man's need and desire for loving communion derived from the revealed understanding of humanity in the image of a Triune Creator; the truth about God's","psg_id":"4875951"},{"title":"The Blood That Moves the Body","text":"hits, across two CDs. The official music video was directed by Andy Morahan and was filmed in Paris, France. The Blood That Moves the Body \"The Blood That Moves the Body\" is a song by the Norwegian band A-ha, and was originally released in 1988 as the second single from the band's third album \"Stay on These Roads\". This song was re-released on with the remixes by Alan Tarney. The video remained unchanged. The dark, enigmatic lyrics of this song have been attributed to many things, including teen suicides in Japan and literary references to \"Eyes of a Blue Dog\".","psg_id":"9005772"},{"title":"The Blood That Moves the Body","text":"The Blood That Moves the Body \"The Blood That Moves the Body\" is a song by the Norwegian band A-ha, and was originally released in 1988 as the second single from the band's third album \"Stay on These Roads\". This song was re-released on with the remixes by Alan Tarney. The video remained unchanged. The dark, enigmatic lyrics of this song have been attributed to many things, including teen suicides in Japan and literary references to \"Eyes of a Blue Dog\". The \"Two-Time Gun Remix\" was later included on A-ha's 2010 compilation album, \"25\", which features all of the bands","psg_id":"9005771"},{"title":"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body","text":"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an","psg_id":"18599974"},{"title":"Names for the human species","text":"Names for the human species The common name of the human species in English is historically \"man\" (from Germanic), often replaced by the Latinate \"human\" (since the 16th century). In addition to the generally accepted taxonomic name \"Homo sapiens\" (Latin: \"sapient man\", Linnaeus 1758), other Latin-based names for the human species have been created to refer to various aspects of the human character. Some of these are ironic of the self-ascribed nobility immanent in the choice of \"sapiens\", others are serious references to human universals that may be considered defining characteristics of the species. Most of these refer to linguistic,","psg_id":"8454809"},{"title":"Development of the human body","text":"Development of the human body Human development is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The egg then lodges in the uterus, where an embryo and later fetus develop until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development, influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life, through childhood, and adolescence into adulthood. Development before birth, or prenatal development () is the process in which an embryo","psg_id":"936197"},{"title":"The \"What Time Is Love?\" Story","text":"half the price of a conventional album. Released on 25 September 1989 on LP and CD, \"The \"What Time Is Love?\" Story\" used the same basic design lay-out as the \"Pure Trance Original\" singles, but the colour scheme was altered: lurid pink writing on lurid green (for the vinyl), and lurid green on lurid pink (for the CD). Many commentators have speculated that all of these 'covers' were in fact the work of The KLF themselves. \"Q\" magazine, for example, commented that \"one wonders why all the vocalists sound so alike (and British, even when praising Allah)\" and asked of","psg_id":"7526860"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"the senses to identify what has gone wrong. The Ebers Papyrus refers to many god-like and spiritual infestations of the body that could not be explained at the time. Despite the explanations for maladies by spiritual rational, the interventions described to investigate and see the body were distinctly disconnected for the spirit or life force of the body and was principally about what could be seen or touched. Descriptions of the exact placement of the heart within the body, the circulation of blood are in no doubt accurate as Egyptians practiced embalming their dead by removal of organs and placement","psg_id":"20813754"},{"title":"Shoulder shrug","text":"Shoulder shrug The shoulder shrug (usually called simply the shrug) is an exercise in weight training used to develop the upper trapezius muscle. The lifter stands erect, hands about shoulder width apart, and raises the shoulders as high as possible, and then lowers them, while not bending the elbows, or moving the body at all. The lifter may not have as large a range of motion as in a normal shrug done for active flexibility. It is usually considered good form if the slope of the shoulders is horizontal in the elevated position. A barbell, dumbbells or a smith machine","psg_id":"5522044"},{"title":"Shoulder shrug","text":"Shoulder shrug The shoulder shrug (usually called simply the shrug) is an exercise in weight training used to develop the upper trapezius muscle. The lifter stands erect, hands about shoulder width apart, and raises the shoulders as high as possible, and then lowers them, while not bending the elbows, or moving the body at all. The lifter may not have as large a range of motion as in a normal shrug done for active flexibility. It is usually considered good form if the slope of the shoulders is horizontal in the elevated position. A barbell, dumbbells or a smith machine","psg_id":"5522042"},{"title":"Aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle","text":"Aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle The aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle is a thin but strong membranous structure, the fibers of which are directed downward and medially. It is joined with that of the opposite muscle along the middle line, and covers the whole of the front of the abdomen; above, it is covered by and gives origin to the lower fibers of the pectoralis major; below, its fibers are closely aggregated together, and extend obliquely across from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and the pectineal line. In the middle line, it","psg_id":"9119741"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","psg_id":"9406942"},{"title":"Covers (The Smithereens)","text":"Covers (The Smithereens) Covers is a compilation album by The Smithereens, released in May 2018 by Sunset Blvd Records. It was originally released as a digital download on iTunes in May 2014. The album features 22 cover songs recorded by the band between 1980 and 2008. Most of the songs have previously been released as b-sides or on tribute albums and soundtracks. \"Covers\" features songs that are collected from different sessions throughout the band's career. Guitarist Jim Babjak: “Whenever we had extra time in the studio we’d knock off covers for fun.\" Jeff Elbel of the \"Illinois Entertainer\" rated the","psg_id":"20896559"},{"title":"Sartorius muscle","text":"the location of the inferior portion of the muscle being the \"inseam\" or area of the inner thigh that tailors commonly measure when fitting trousers. Another is that the muscle closely resembles a tailor's ribbon. Additionally, antique sewing machines required continuous cross body pedaling. This combination of lateral rotation and flexion of the hip and flexion of the knee gave tailors particularly enlarged sartorius muscles. The sartorius is also called the honeymoon muscle. Sartorius muscle The sartorius muscle () is the longest muscle in the human body. It is a long, thin, superficial muscle that runs down the length of","psg_id":"1780314"},{"title":"Sexing the Body","text":"Sexing the Body Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality is a 2000 book by the biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling, in which the author explores the social construction of gender, and the social and medical treatment of intersex people. She stated that in it she sets out to \"convince readers of the need for theories that allow for a good deal of human variation and that integrate the analytical powers of the biological and the social into the systematic analysis of human development.\" Fausto-Sterling mentions the most common types of intersex, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen insensitivity syndrome","psg_id":"17758366"},{"title":"Errors of the Human Body","text":"Ruzin of Screen Invasion wrote, \"\"Errors of the Human Body\" is elevated by a sublime turn by star Michael Eklund... His agony, particularly in the third act, is brilliantly painful. Despite the screenplay skimming over his character’s supposed scientific prowess, to the film’s moderate detriment, Eklund’s powerful performance is nonetheless tragic and captivating.\" Michael Treveloni of Film School Rejects noted, \"The film is a not just a science-fiction horror story: it is a commentary on the importance of dialog, showcasing the need for communication in its many forms. With Geoff, \"Errors\" presents the perfect, damaged subject.\". At the Fantastic Fest","psg_id":"16953861"},{"title":"Unethical human experimentation in the United States","text":"ashes analyzed for radioisotopes. This project was kept secret primarily because it would be a public relations disaster; as a result parents and family were not told what was being done with the body parts of their relatives. Between 1960 and 1971, the Department of Defense funded non-consensual whole body radiation experiments on mostly poor and black cancer patients, who were not told what was being done to them. Patients were told that they were receiving a \"treatment\" that might cure their cancer, but the Pentagon was trying to determine the effects of high levels of radiation on the human","psg_id":"14300145"},{"title":"The Human Beinz","text":"did not fit with the feel of the late 1960s. They recorded covers of songs by Them, The Yardbirds, The Who and Bob Dylan. The group was also the first to record a cover of \"Gloria\" by Them, which became a hit for The Shadows of Knight, and covered \"The Pied Piper\", which later became a hit for Crispian St. Peters. The group signed to Capitol Records in 1967 and at that time Capitol misspelled their name, leaving out the \"g\". Capitol's purported idea was to affiliate the band's name with the Human Be-In movement of 1967 The Beingz were","psg_id":"2806612"},{"title":"The Body (1970 film)","text":"The Body (1970 film) The Body is a 1970 UK scientific documentary film directed and produced by Roy Battersby. In the film, external and internal cameras are used to showcase the human body. The film's narrators, Frank Finlay and Vanessa Redgrave, provide commentary that combines the knowledge of human biologists and anatomical experts. The film's soundtrack, \"Music from the Body\", was composed by Ron Geesin and Roger Waters, and includes songs that were made using the human body as a medium. Waters is also the narrator of one scene. In August 1971 Nat Cohen, whose company distributed the film, said","psg_id":"14147461"},{"title":"101 Things Removed from the Human Body","text":"on the terrestrial Channel 4 in July 2004, the British television watchdog OFCOM received complaints over the show causing offence. A one-off program of the same name was also broadcast on Fox in United States in July 2003. The show received high ratings, and was number one in its time slot. In 2006, \"101 More Things Removed from the Human Body\" was released. It features items that have been removed from people such as tree boughs, a 3/4\" drill bit, a pipe, a knife, a sword fish, and a maggot. All persons featured in the program who had items removed","psg_id":"7279215"},{"title":"The Body in the Seine","text":"this collection of twelve songs, hoping to find an experienced writer who would create a book to accompany his tunes. A note on the back of the album read: \"Help Wanted. Musical score requires immediate services of bright, clever \"book.\" Must be mature, sophisticated and willing to travel.\" What makes \"The Body in the Seine\" interesting to collectors of Broadway cast albums is the theatrical performers assembled for the recording, including Alice Pearce, George S. Irving, Barbara Ashley and future U.S. Congressman, Jim Symington. The album's orchestrators, Joseph Glover and Ralph Norman Wilkinson, were both experienced music arrangers, and Buster","psg_id":"11811968"},{"title":"Human body weight","text":"weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately measure the percentage and weight of (fat, muscle, bone) in a body. The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows: The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult: Participants in sports such","psg_id":"2836345"},{"title":"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb","text":"for what purpose the painting was created. Various suggestions have been offered, including as a predella for an altarpiece, a free-standing work, or an ornament for a sepulchre. In 1999, the art historians Oskar Bätschmann and Pascal Griener raised the possibility that the panel was intended to form part of a Holy Tomb, perhaps as a lid to be laid over a sepulchre. It is known that Holbein used a body fished out of the Rhine as a model for the work. The panel has attracted fascination and praise since it was created. The Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky was captivated","psg_id":"13326979"},{"title":"The Body Issue","text":"section was a feature of the best bodies in the world of sports all posed nude but with strategic coverage of private parts. Another section showed the damage done to the human body in athletics such as Laird Hamilton's cracked heel and Torry Holt's crooked middle finger. One action photo captured six members of Major League Soccer's D.C. United simulating a free kick defensive wall while covering their genitalia. Some of the 2009 covers were revealed on shows such \"Monday Night Football\" and \"Good Morning America\". The 2009 edition included the following: The 2010 edition included the following: The 2011","psg_id":"14058774"},{"title":"What What (In the Butt)","text":"What What (In the Butt) \"What What (In the Butt)\" is a viral video created by Andrew Swant and Bobby Ciraldo for the song of the same name by Samwell. It is known for its numerous camp references to homosexuality and anal sex. The lyrics of the song, a production of Mike Stasny, mostly revolve around the title. The video was made in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and uploaded on Valentine's Day 2007 to YouTube. As of March 2016, the video had over 60 million views. On 5 March 2007, with regard to the Christian imagery in the video, Samwell said, in","psg_id":"10157826"},{"title":"Names for the human species","text":"\"Gaian\") is frequently used, as it were naming humanity by its planet of origin. Incidentally, this situation parallels the naming motive of ancient terms for humanity, including \"human\" (\"homo\", \"humanus\") itself, derived from a word for \"earth\" to contrast humans as earth-bound with celestial beings (i.e. deities) in mythology. Names for the human species The common name of the human species in English is historically \"man\" (from Germanic), often replaced by the Latinate \"human\" (since the 16th century). In addition to the generally accepted taxonomic name \"Homo sapiens\" (Latin: \"sapient man\", Linnaeus 1758), other Latin-based names for the human species","psg_id":"8454819"},{"title":"The Body (1970 film)","text":"it had recouped its negative cost in the Far East alone. The movie was released on DVD on 7 October 2013. The Body (1970 film) The Body is a 1970 UK scientific documentary film directed and produced by Roy Battersby. In the film, external and internal cameras are used to showcase the human body. The film's narrators, Frank Finlay and Vanessa Redgrave, provide commentary that combines the knowledge of human biologists and anatomical experts. The film's soundtrack, \"Music from the Body\", was composed by Ron Geesin and Roger Waters, and includes songs that were made using the human body as","psg_id":"14147462"},{"title":"History of beliefs about the human body","text":"manuscript is recorded in the Yellow Emperors Inner Cannon, and it being recorded in this way represents the attention to the individuals perspective in creating therapies like acupuncture to treat body ailments. The Inner Cannon was revised by natural Philosophers of the time and the approved version of the Han Court and became a foundational text for the ideals and perceptions of the human body. It focused on Qi, Yin and Yang balance, and Five phase theory to explain health can disease. Referred to as the life force of the body, or the means by which the body is able","psg_id":"20813765"},{"title":"Catholic theology of the body","text":"positive image of man by stating his freedom and independence. God is truly free and the freedom of man, even if limited, is an image of God. Not only his freedom, but also his ability to love - God is love - and his immortality, make man an image of God. Regarding the human body, Gregory opines that it is created for procreation. In that, humans are like animals; however, the human body also has the capacity for reasoning and perception. The body has three forms of life: the vegetative, sensual and intellectual. The human body derives its dignity from","psg_id":"12108417"},{"title":"The Body Issue","text":"The Body Issue The Body Issue is an edition of \"ESPN The Magazine\" that features dozens of athletes in nude and semi-nude photographs, which is intended to rival the annual Swimsuit Issue from \"Sports Illustrated\". The first issue debuted on October 19, 2009. The issue was a response to the decline in advertising spending resulting from the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and late-2000s recession that saw a 24 percent decline in ad revenues for the first six months of 2009 compared to the same six-month period in 2008. The 2009 edition had six alternative covers featuring Serena Williams (tennis), Carl","psg_id":"14058772"},{"title":"The Man Without a Body","text":"head. Merritt decides to attach Nostradamus' head to Lew's body in an attempt to save them both. Brussard returns again and discovers that Lew has become a monster, with Nostradamus' head encased in what appears to be a shoulder-width box covered with surgical tape. Brussard runs away; Nostradamus wanders off. Merritt calls Dr Alexander (Norman Shelley) and tells him that Nostradamus 'seems demented' and has 'lost the power of speech'. But then the police spot Nostradamus. Merritt and Jean run to a building with a bell tower and find Brussard chasing Nostradamus up a staircase. Brussard becomes dizzy and falls","psg_id":"14957416"},{"title":"Shell tools in the Philippines","text":"the figure has an angular shoulder. This shell spoon is not bilaterally symmetrical. The Mataas shell scoop is a concave utensil with a sharp point at one end and a figure at the other end. The latter has a right extremity that forms to what appears like an arm with five digits. The left extremity and the head are missing. The outer surface of the body whorl near the figure has an angular shoulder. This shell scoop, recovered in Cagraray Island, Albay is not bilaterally symmetrical. Shell scoops made from the body whorl of Turbo marmoratus first appeared in the","psg_id":"18796187"},{"title":"Buddhism and the body","text":"risk life and limb for the good of others. To seek one's death or to make death one’s aim (even when the motive is compassionate, directed toward reducing suffering) is to negate in the most fundamental way the values and final goal of Buddhism by destroying what the traditional sources call the “precious human life” we have the rare good fortune to obtain. It is also said that a person who commits suicide will simply be reborn with the additional bad karma of the suicide to contend with. Buddhism and the body In contrast with many Indian religious traditions, Buddhism","psg_id":"13192061"},{"title":"Effect of spaceflight on the human body","text":"deleterious effects on human health. Humans are well-adapted to the physical conditions at the surface of the earth, and so in response to weightlessness, various physiological systems begin to change, and in some cases, atrophy. Though these changes are usually temporary, some do have a long-term impact on human health. Short-term exposure to microgravity causes space adaptation syndrome, a self-limiting nausea caused by derangement of the vestibular system. Long-term exposure causes multiple health problems, one of the most significant being loss of bone and muscle mass. Over time these deconditioning effects can impair astronauts' performance, increase their risk of injury,","psg_id":"4744195"},{"title":"The Body in the Library","text":"heart attack. Seeing Josie arrested and the plot exposed, Mark breaks down and confesses. The book ends with some happy news for other characters. In her \"Author's Foreword\", Christie describes \"the body in the library\" as a cliché of detective fiction. She states that when writing her own variation on this theme, she decided that the library should be a completely conventional one while the body would be a highly improbable and sensational one. In light of these remarks, this novel can be considered a conscious reworking of the genre. An unusual feature of \"The Body in the Library\" is","psg_id":"5568756"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Description of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"soul. A sick or injured body does not do what we want or moves in ways we do not want. He believed the death of the body stopped it from being fit to bring about movement. This did not necessarily happen because the soul left the body. René Descartes believed the body could exist through mechanical means alone. This included digestion, blood circulation, muscle movement and some brain function. He felt we all know what the human body is like because animals have similar bodies and we have all seen them opened up. He saw the body as a machine.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3154880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"Composition of the human body Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, muscle, bone, etc. In terms of cell type, the body contains hundreds of different types of cells, but notably, the largest \\\"number\\\" of cells contained in a human body (though not the largest mass of cells) are not human cells, but bacteria residing in the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Almost 99% of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"organisms. Composition of the human body Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, muscle, bone, etc. In terms of cell type, the body contains hundreds of different types of cells, but notably, the largest \\\"number\\\" of cells contained in a human body (though not the largest mass of cells) are not human cells, but bacteria residing in the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Almost 99% of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effect of spaceflight on the human body\",\n \"text\": \"for the astronauts. These joint torques and muscle forces could be used in conjunction with more fundamental computational simulations of bone remodeling and muscle adaptation in order to more completely model the end effects of such countermeasures, and determine whether a proposed exercise regime would be sufficient to sustain astronaut musculoskeletal health. The second effect of weightlessness takes place in human fluids. The body is made up of 60% water, much of it intra-vascular and inter-cellular. Within a few moments of entering a microgravity environment, fluid is immediately re-distributed to the upper body resulting in bulging neck veins, puffy face\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4744209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"History of beliefs about the human body The human body has been subject of much debate. How people are defined, and what defined them – be it their anatomy or their energy or both – depends on culture and time. Culture not only defines how sex is perceived but also how gender is defined. Today gender, sex, and identity continue to be of much debate and change based on what place and people are being examined. The early modern idea of the body was a cultural ideal, an understanding and approach to how the body works and what place that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"not in an essential biological role. The average adult human body contains approximately atoms and contains at least detectable traces of 60 chemical elements. About 29 of these elements are thought to play an active positive role in life and health in humans. The relative amounts of each element vary by individual, mainly due to differences in the proportion of fat, muscle and bone in their body. Persons with more fat will have a higher proportion of carbon and a lower proportion of most other elements (the proportion of hydrogen will be about the same). The numbers in the table\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894414\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"that even in European cultures that attempt to adhere purely to what can be seen and touched, recognize that there is a more cosmic necessity to the body and connection to the physical and cosmological worlds. History of beliefs about the human body The human body has been subject of much debate. How people are defined, and what defined them – be it their anatomy or their energy or both – depends on culture and time. Culture not only defines how sex is perceived but also how gender is defined. Today gender, sex, and identity continue to be of much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813770\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Description of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"The Description of the Human Body The Description of the Human Body () is an unfinished treatise written in 1647 by René Descartes (1596-1650). Descartes felt knowing oneself was particularly useful. This for him included medical knowledge. He hoped to cure and prevent disease, even to slow down aging. René Descartes believed the soul caused conscious thought. The body caused automatic functions like the beating of the heart and digestion he felt. The body was necessary for voluntary movement as well as the will. However, he believed the power to move the body was wrongly imagined to come from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3154879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Covers Record\",\n \"text\": \"Moon Pix is 200,000 copies as of 2001. The Covers Record The Covers Record is the fifth album by Cat Power, the stage name and eponymous band of American singer-songwriter Chan Marshall. It was released in 2000 on Matador Records. The album consists almost entirely of cover songs, with the exception of a new version of Marshall's song \\\"In this Hole,\\\" which initially appeared on Cat Power's 1996 album \\\"What Would the Community Think. The success of Cat Power’s fourth album, \\\"Moon Pix\\\" (1998), led to high expectations for her follow-up, and made it difficult for her to live what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5580035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effect of spaceflight on the human body\",\n \"text\": \"Effect of spaceflight on the human body Venturing into the environment of space can have negative effects on the human body. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and a weakening of the immune system. Additional symptoms include fluid redistribution (causing the \\\"moon-face\\\" appearance typical in pictures of astronauts experiencing weightlessness), loss of body mass, nasal congestion, sleep disturbance, and excess flatulence. The engineering problems associated with leaving Earth and developing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4744174\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Covers Record\",\n \"text\": \"The Covers Record The Covers Record is the fifth album by Cat Power, the stage name and eponymous band of American singer-songwriter Chan Marshall. It was released in 2000 on Matador Records. The album consists almost entirely of cover songs, with the exception of a new version of Marshall's song \\\"In this Hole,\\\" which initially appeared on Cat Power's 1996 album \\\"What Would the Community Think. The success of Cat Power’s fourth album, \\\"Moon Pix\\\" (1998), led to high expectations for her follow-up, and made it difficult for her to live what she called “a normal life.” She elected to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5580029\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Human Body (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"July 2001 and includes a 50-minute feature on \\\"The Making of the Human Body\\\" - A final overview that reveals the techniques and developments that made the series possible. The series was adapted into a film released for IMAX cinemas. The film won the Giant Screen Theatre Association's Best Film For Lifelong Learning award. The book accompanying the series was written by Anthony Smith. According to one review, \\\"Smith transcends anatomical trivia to record our bodies' powerful tale with empathy and clarity.\\\" The Human Body (TV series) The Human Body is a seven-part documentary series, first shown on 20 May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13595358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"viewed on an atomic and molecular scale as shown in this article. The estimated gross molecular contents of a typical 20-micrometre human cell is as follows: Body composition can also be expressed in terms of various types of material, such as: There are many species of bacteria and other microorganisms that live on or inside the healthy human body. In fact, 90% of the cells in (or on) a human body are microbes, by number (much less by mass or volume). Some of these symbionts are necessary for our health. Those that neither help nor harm humans are called commensal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Name Is Human\",\n \"text\": \"Bridges in its final form, and is intercut with Johnny Stevens singing and viewing the robot's features up close. Blue crystal-like formations appear to grow out of the floor, as more robots appear, standing in formation behind Stevens. It ends with Bridges resting her head on Stevens' shoulder. My Name Is Human \\\"My Name Is Human\\\" is a song by American rock band Highly Suspect. It was released as the lead single from their second studio album \\\"The Boy Who Died Wolf\\\" in 2016. The song reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Mainstream Rock chart and stayed there for eight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19720291\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Development of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development. Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy. In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sex organs. Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when an adult\",\n \"psg_id\": \"936206\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cremaster muscle\",\n \"text\": \"Cremaster muscle The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord. In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated and smooth muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on each side of the body. Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of the inguinal ligament. The medial cremaster muscle, which sometimes is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2498946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cremaster muscle\",\n \"text\": \"Greek verb \\\"I hang\\\" (). Cremaster muscle The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord. In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated and smooth muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on each side of the body. Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of the inguinal ligament. The medial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2498951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"g in men, ~2.3 g in women Of the 94 naturally occurring chemical elements, 60 are listed in the table above. Of the remaining 34, it is not known how many occur in the human body. Most of the elements needed for life are relatively common in the Earth's crust. Aluminium, the third most common element in the Earth's crust (after oxygen and silicon), serves no function in living cells, but is harmful in large amounts. Transferrins can bind aluminium. The composition of the human body is expressed in terms of chemicals: The composition of the human body can be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Human Body (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"The Human Body (TV series) The Human Body is a seven-part documentary series, first shown on 20 May 1998 on BBC One and presented by medical scientist Robert Winston. A co-production between the BBC and The Learning Channel, the series looks at the mechanics and emotions of the human body from birth to death. The series was nominated for numerous awards, winning several, including three BAFTA awards, four RTS awards and a Peabody Award. Described as the BBC's \\\"first major TV series on human biology\\\", it took over two years to make and aimed to be the definitive set of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13595356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Explorers of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"new educational program, introducing the audience to the human body. Shin Dong-yup was chosen to be the lead MC, with the Super Junior members being regulars and co-MCs of the program. Ratings for the show became the highest of all three shows that aired in SBS's new \\\"Good Sunday\\\" lineup as the show is educational and entertaining to watch. It was also the first and currently the only variety show that included every member of Super Junior as regulars. Each episode has a main topic to explore regarding the human body. In the first episode, which involved the tongue and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11375410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effect of spaceflight on the human body\",\n \"text\": \"to best counteract the bone and muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts in microgravity environments for prolonged periods of time. The Human Research Program's Human Health Countermeasures Element chartered the Digital Astronaut Project to investigate targeted questions about exercise countermeasure regimes. NASA is focusing on integrating a model of the advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) currently on board the International Space Station with OpenSim musculoskeletal models of humans exercising with the device. The goal of this work is to use inverse dynamics to estimate joint torques and muscle forces resulting from using the ARED, and thus more accurately prescribe exercise regimens\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4744208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"about what he proposed as the discovery of the clitoris, stated that, \\\"like a penis, \\\"if you touch it, you will find it rendered a little harder and oblong to such a degree that it shows itself as a sort of male member.\\\" (There was much debate on the actual discovery of the clitoris between male European scientists and many claimed to have described it first: by dissecting the human body and writing down what was observed these European scientists could claim in their idea of the body that they had discovered or created new knowledge.) This one-sex model was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. All 11 are necessary for life. The remaining elements are trace elements, of which more than a dozen are thought on the basis of good evidence to be necessary for life. All of the mass of the trace elements put together (less than 10 grams for a human body) do not add up to the body mass of magnesium, the least common of the 11 non-trace elements.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894411\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Explorers of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"weeks. It was later decided that instead of a hiatus, the program will end the season with thirteen episodes. Super Junior decided to leave the show due to their occupied schedules and busy preparations for their upcoming Asia-wide concert tour, Super Show. However, representatives of the program stated if there is a chance, a second season is considered. \\\"Change\\\", the variety program hosted by Lee Hyo-ri and Shin Dong-yup with Noh Hong-chul, Kangin, Son Ho-young and Min Kyung-hoon as regulars, took over the time slot. Explorers of the Human Body Explorers of the Human Body (Hangul: 인체탐험대; Hanja: 人體探險隊) was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11375413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effect of spaceflight on the human body\",\n \"text\": \"of muscle fibre prominent in muscles also change. Slow twitch endurance fibres used to maintain posture are replaced by fast twitch rapidly contracting fibres that are insufficient for any heavy labour. Advances in research on exercise, hormone supplements and medication may help maintain muscle and body mass. Bone metabolism also changes. Normally, bone is laid down in the direction of mechanical stress. However, in a microgravity environment there is very little mechanical stress. This results in a loss of bone tissue approximately 1.5% per month especially from the lower vertebrae, hip and femur. Due to microgravity and the decreased load\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4744203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Explorers of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"Explorers of the Human Body Explorers of the Human Body (Hangul: 인체탐험대; Hanja: 人體探險隊) was one of the three shows of the newly revamped \\\"Good Sunday\\\", a lineup of variety shows that airs every Sunday evening at 5:30 pm KST on SBS. The show's aim was to answer curious questions about the human body, where the Super Junior members perform the answers by doing experiments with their own bodies. The show succeeded in attracting a wide audience due to its comedic and educational content. After previous popular shows \\\"X-Man\\\" and \\\"Reverse Drama\\\" ended, SBS's \\\"Good Sunday\\\" decided to air a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11375409\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"Not all elements which are found in the human body in trace quantities play a role in life. Some of these elements are thought to be simple bystander contaminants without function (examples: caesium, titanium), while many others are thought to be active toxics, depending on amount (cadmium, mercury, radioactives). The possible utility and toxicity of a few elements at levels normally found in the body (aluminium) is debated. Functions have been proposed for trace amounts of cadmium and lead, although these are almost certainly toxic in amounts very much larger than normally found in the body. There is evidence that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"much on discourse about bodies, rather than on material bodies themselves. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's 1965 \\\"Rabelais and His World\\\", they promoted a more materially orientated direction in the history of the body. The Ebers Papyrus is an Egyptian medical text and is the oldest known record of the human body, dating back to 3000 BC. The Ebers Papyrus describes the body by physical examination and what can be felt. Clinical investigations such as the Pulse, percussion of the body, the recognition of diseased or disordered states. “If thou examinst a swelling of the covering of his belly’s horns above\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"101 Things Removed from the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"101 Things Removed from the Human Body 101 Things Removed from the Human Body and 101 More Things Removed from the Human Body is a British \\\"shockumentary\\\" series directed by Eric Schotz, which is narrated by Mitch Lewis. The program features tales of foreign objects that have been removed from human bodies in the form of a countdown from 101 to 1. Items included are javelins, a boat anchor, a bicycle pump, a bag of nails, an ice pick, and a human body. The documentary series was first broadcast on Sky One in October 2003. When the show was re-broadcast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7279214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Supraspinatus muscle\",\n \"text\": \"Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus (plural \\\"supraspinati\\\") is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapula above its spine. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5637396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Composition of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"are averages of different numbers reported by different references. The adult human body averages ~53% water. This varies substantially by age, sex, and adiposity. In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent, and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to overall mass and atomic composition figures. Because of water content, the human body\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10894415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Development of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"inconsistent and contradictory; a person may be biologically an adult, and have adult behavior but still be treated as a child if they are under the legal age of majority. Conversely, one may legally be an adult but possess none of the maturity and responsibility that may define an adult. Development of human organs and organ systems begins in the embryo and continues throughout the human lifespan. Development of the human body Human development is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"936210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Three Corpses; demonic spirits believed to live in the human body and hasten death\\\" and \\\"gǔdú\\\" 蠱毒 \\\"gu poisoning\\\"; a poison produced by venomous insects; cast a black magic spirit possession over someone\\\". The first \\\"Bencao gangmu\\\" prescription for human nails is not from Chinese medical texts but from Daoist rituals for expelling what (Cooper & Sivin (1973: 220) describe as the \\\"Three Corpse-Worms 三尸, the chief of the \\\"inner gods\\\" who are to the individual microcosm what the celestial bureaucracy is to the cosmos.\\\" Prescription 52.6.1, the 斬三尸法 \\\"Method of Beheading the Three Corpses\\\", involves supernaturally cutting the nails\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18615295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Development of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilisation occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences. Embryogenesis covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"936201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human body\",\n \"text\": \"blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body. Human anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. The human body has four limbs (two arms and two legs), a head and a neck which connect to the torso. The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"648888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Covers Record\",\n \"text\": \"release an album of covers in part because she felt more comfortable playing covers than her own material. Between \\\"Moon Pix\\\" and what became \\\"The Covers Record\\\", she scheduled a number of solo shows during which she played only covers. In order to take attention away from herself, she projected the 1928 French silent film \\\"The Passion of Joan of Arc\\\" behind her onstage. Marshall’s decision to release a covers album was disappointing to Matador, who considered her a “genius songwriter” and wanted to capitalize on the success of \\\"Moon Pix\\\". According to Gerard Cosloy, the promotional campaign for \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5580030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Development of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"characteristics, the \\\"filling in\\\" of the child's body; from girl to woman, from boy to man. Biologically, an adult is a human or other organism that has reached sexual maturity. In human context, the term \\\"adult\\\" additionally has meanings associated with social and legal concepts. In contrast to a \\\"minor\\\", a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient, and responsible. The typical age of attaining adulthood is 18, although definition may vary by legal rights and country. Human adulthood encompasses psychological adult development. Definitions of adulthood are often\",\n \"psg_id\": \"936209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Theology of the Body\",\n \"text\": \"nature of human beings in relation to God. The \\\"Theology of the Body\\\" presents an interpretation of the fundamental significance of the body, and in particular of sexual differentiation and complementarity, one which aims to challenge common contemporary philosophical views. Nevertheless, the pope's personalistic phenomenology is \\\"echoing what he learned from St. John of the Cross\\\" and is \\\"in harmony with St. Thomas Aquinas\\\". Francis Bacon was an early empiricist who focused on problems of knowledge. In his Great Instauration, he argued that the current state of knowledge is immature and not advancing. His purpose was for the human mind\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4875938\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body\",\n \"text\": \"parts of the human body should be used as drugs, such as bone, flesh, and gall. This is really very rude and inhuman. In the present category, all parts of the human body that have been used as drugs are recorded. The use of drugs from the human body that is not contrary to morality is recorded in detail. Those drugs that are cruel or foul [慘忍邪穢] are not recorded in detail. But all of them are listed in this category. (tr. Luo 2003: 4133) Li does not give prescriptions for 12 of the 35 human drugs, which he considered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18615273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Theology of the Body\",\n \"text\": \"original design for human sexuality and thus the dignity of the human person, how it was distorted through sin, and how it has been restored and renewed through the redemption of Jesus Christ; and Catholic teachings about the sacramentality of marriage. The central thesis of John Paul's Theology of the Body, according to author Christopher West, is that \\\"the body, and it alone, is capable of making visible what is invisible: the spiritual and the divine. It was created to transfer into the visible reality of the world, the mystery hidden since time immemorial in God, and thus to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4875952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human body\",\n \"text\": \"of different cavities, separated areas which house different organ systems. The brain and central nervous system reside in an area protected from the rest of the body by the blood brain barrier. The lungs sit in the pleural cavity. The intestines, liver, and spleen sit in the abdominal cavity Height, weight, shape and other body proportions vary individually and with age and sex. Body shape is influenced by the distribution of muscle and fat tissue. Human physiology is the study of how the human body functions. This includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"648891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\",\n \"text\": \"is the anatomical mechanism that allows for all upper arm and shoulder movement in humans. The shoulder girdle consists of five muscles that attach to the clavicle and scapula and allow for the motion of the sternoclavicular joint (connection between sternum and clavicle) and acromioclavicular joint (connection between clavicle and scapula). The five muscles that comprise the function of the shoulder girdle are the trapezius muscle (upper, middle, and lower), levator scapulae muscle, rhomboid muscles (major and minor), serratus anterior muscle, and pectoralis minor muscle. The shoulder girdle is a complex of five joints that can be divided into two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6889322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body\",\n \"text\": \"were successfully making quasi-empirical preparations of active substances with androgens and estrogens, a technique that modern biochemists did not develop until the early 20th century. The physician William C. Cooper and the sinologist Nathan Sivin (1973) chose what the Chinese call \\\"rényào\\\" 人藥 \\\"human drugs\\\" as a pilot experiment sample for pharmacologically analyzing the efficacy of drugs used in TCM. In contrast to many traditional Chinese plant, animal, and mineral pharmaceuticals with uncertain active constituents, the chemical composition of the human body and parts is well known, and \\\"their therapeutic effectiveness, or lack of it, can be objectively, if approximately,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18615282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cunningham shoulder reduction\",\n \"text\": \"Cunningham shoulder reduction Cunningham shoulder reduction is a method of shoulder reduction that utilizes bicipital massage and the patient's own cooperation. The method is one of several techniques used for shoulder reduction. Shoulder disclocation is a common complication of trauma or misuse and is often anterior. In this condition the humeral head has moved anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa. The Cunningham technique involves massaging the bicipital muscle in the mid humerus, with the patient's affected arm adducted (close to their body), and the elbow flexed. At the same time the patient is told to move the shoulder superiorly (up),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16229370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb\",\n \"text\": \"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb is an oil and tempera on limewood painting created by the German artist and printmaker Hans Holbein the Younger between 1520–22. The work shows a life-size, grotesque depiction of the stretched and unnaturally thin body of Jesus Christ lying in his tomb. Holbein shows the dead Son of God after he has suffered the fate of an ordinary human. The painting is especially notable for its dramatic dimensions (30.5 cm x 200 cm), and the fact that Christ's face, hands and feet,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13326976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Errors of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"screening, Sheean himself said, \\\"The film is about a breakdown in communication, both on the surface in the characters and internally with the cells.\\\" Errors of the Human Body Errors of the Human Body is a 2012 psychological thriller directed by Eron Sheean and starring Michael Eklund. Dr. Geoff Burton (Eklund), a brilliant genetics researcher, is invited to a lab in Dresden, only to discover a lethal virus is being created, which he may have unintentionally caused and be its first victim. This mystery is set against Dr. Burton trying to find redemption and peace from a past haunted by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16953862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Errors of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"Errors of the Human Body Errors of the Human Body is a 2012 psychological thriller directed by Eron Sheean and starring Michael Eklund. Dr. Geoff Burton (Eklund), a brilliant genetics researcher, is invited to a lab in Dresden, only to discover a lethal virus is being created, which he may have unintentionally caused and be its first victim. This mystery is set against Dr. Burton trying to find redemption and peace from a past haunted by the death of his infant son. While showing a short film at Berlinale in 2006, Sheean met a scientist from the Max Planck Institute\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16953858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body Snatchers\",\n \"text\": \"The Body Snatchers The Body Snatchers is a 1955 science fiction novel by American writer Jack Finney, originally serialized in \\\"Colliers Magazine\\\" in 1954, which describes real-life Mill Valley, California (called in the original film by the fictional name of \\\"Santa Mira\\\") being invaded by seeds that have drifted to Earth from space. The seeds, grown from plantlike pods, replace sleeping people with perfect physical duplicates with all the same knowledge, memories, scars, etc. but are incapable of human emotion or feeling. The human victims disappear forever. The duplicates live only five years and cannot sexually reproduce; consequently, if unstopped,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8137622\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)\",\n \"text\": \"abnormally large, an effect that Whedon added because he experienced it when his mother died. Buffy is so bewildered by the paramedic telling her that Joyce is dead that she can only focus on his mouth in an attempt to understand what he is saying. The camera uses her perspective and only the bottom part of the paramedic's face is in view. Instead of a normal \\\"over-the-shoulder\\\" view, Buffy is shot at the same height as the paramedic's shoulder, barely squeezed into the frame as if to portray her, according to Whedon, as trapped by reality. Kristine Sutherland stated that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4528342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body in the Library\",\n \"text\": \"earlier, Anne Meredith knows Ariadne Oliver as the writer of a book called \\\"The Body in the Library\\\". In the first episode of the second series (\\\"And the Moonbeams Kiss the Sea\\\") of the television series \\\"Lewis,\\\" the body of a handyman is found in the Bodleian Library. DS James Hathaway comments to DI Robbie Lewis, \\\"You realise what we've got, don't you, sir. ... The body in the library.\\\" The 1984 television film \\\"The Body in the Library\\\" was part of the BBC series of \\\"Miss Marple\\\", with Joan Hickson making the first of her acclaimed appearances in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5568763\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)\",\n \"text\": \"and Dawn. She asks why her clothes are stupid and she is childish, weeping until Tara kisses and calms her. Anya asks Xander what she is supposed to do; he cannot answer. Willow changes her shirt again and Xander expresses his desire to find Glory and exact justice, then complains about Joyce's negligent doctors. Anya asks if they will see the body, then if the body will be cut open, and Willow responds angrily. Anya tearfully says she does not understand how to behave, or why Joyce cannot go back into her own body, unable to understand human death, she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4528318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"muscular and focuses on the exterior of the body, what can be see and felt. This was the standard of beauty of humans and continues to be the ideal body of European traditions. There is no Vitruvian women. Eastern ideologies of the body explain what can be detected, not only felt and examined. This comes from the idea that there is not only what can be physically seen and touched but what can't be. Energy or more aptly the means by which your body can manifest itself in the world can't be seen but, was thought to be able to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813762\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Tale of the Body Thief\",\n \"text\": \"again so that she wouldn't lose him. This could make \\\"Tale of the Body Thief\\\" the second of two \\\"Vampire Chronicle\\\" novels inspired by Rice's personal tragedies, the first being \\\"Interview with the Vampire\\\" (which is denied by Rice). Lestat's adjustment to his human body takes up a major portion of the book—after almost two centuries of being a vampire, he finds he has trouble with the basic human nuances of eating, defecating, and taking care of his body. One of the realizations made by Lestat is that he took his powers for granted for too long; only after his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1355110\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body in the Library\",\n \"text\": \"discloses a diabolical plot.\\\" Robert Barnard: \\\"Bravura performance on a classic situation. St Mary Mead regulars figure in the case, pleasantly diversified by fashionable seaside hotel guests and the film crowd. If you think what happens to the body after death is unlikely, try the more 'realistic' P.D. James' \\\"An Unsuitable Job for a Woman\\\".\\\" In Chapter 8 the author gives herself a namecheck from the mouth of the young boy, Peter Carmody. Explaining that he enjoys reading detective stories, Peter says that he has the autographs of Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, John Dickson Carr and H. C. Bailey. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5568761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body Silent\",\n \"text\": \"experience muscle spasms in his anus, and in his lower abdomen in 1972, and soon had trouble urinating. He was then diagnosed with an anal fissure, meaning of a slight break in the muscle. After a few years of symptoms, he visited a neurologist and was diagnosed with a benign but slowly growing tumor in the upper part of his spinal cord. Within two years his central nervous system was severely damaged, and lost control of most bodily functions. In 1987, the book was awarded the Columbia University's Lionel Trilling Award. The Body Silent The Body Silent is a personal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15039255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)\",\n \"text\": \"to mortality and human connections, is childlike in her innocence and questions. Xander's anger and Anya's confusion allow them to be mothered somewhat by Willow, who needs to take care of someone. Dawn is deeply in denial, unable to understand that the woman she thought she had known all her life was gone. Tara, who has gone through the ordeal before, represents the acceptance phase, soothing and helping the others to work through what they are experiencing. Buffy toward the end also begins to see acceptance when she tells Dawn that the body in the morgue is not their mother;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4528338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shoulder\",\n \"text\": \"Shoulder The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the major joint of the shoulder, but can more broadly include the acromioclavicular joint. In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula, and the head sits in the glenoid cavity. The shoulder is the group\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2070371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"101 Things Removed from the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"from their body survived. This program also aired in the USA on the Discovery network's \\\"The Learning Channel\\\" in October 2007. The program contains stories, including a man having a uterus and a man with a teratoma, a type of large tumor. The large jaw tumor segment featured the work Mercy Ships, who have operated floating hospital ships in impoverished areas around the world. 101 Things Removed from the Human Body 101 Things Removed from the Human Body and 101 More Things Removed from the Human Body is a British \\\"shockumentary\\\" series directed by Eric Schotz, which is narrated by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7279216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"these views, that the soul has aspects that can't be felt by normal methods, and physical manifestations that can be felt. \\\"For even if one and being are spoken of in several ways, what is properly so spoken of is the actuality\\\" -Aristotle in DeAnima Aristotle forms the idea of Hylomorphism, that the soul and the body are not capable of being split apart without destroying both in the process. Despite this idea of the body and the soul Aristotle viewed disorder in what could be seen and felt. He was a proponent of the humoral theory that classified disorder\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Theology of the Body\",\n \"text\": \"letters, and exhortations. The delivery of the \\\"Theology of the Body\\\" series did have interruptions. For example, the Wednesday audiences were devoted to other topics during the Holy Year of Redemption in 1983. The work covers such topics as the unified corporeal and spiritual qualities of the human person; the origins, history and destiny of humanity; the deepest desires of the human heart and the way to experience true happiness and freedom; the truth about man's need and desire for loving communion derived from the revealed understanding of humanity in the image of a Triune Creator; the truth about God's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4875951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blood That Moves the Body\",\n \"text\": \"hits, across two CDs. The official music video was directed by Andy Morahan and was filmed in Paris, France. The Blood That Moves the Body \\\"The Blood That Moves the Body\\\" is a song by the Norwegian band A-ha, and was originally released in 1988 as the second single from the band's third album \\\"Stay on These Roads\\\". This song was re-released on with the remixes by Alan Tarney. The video remained unchanged. The dark, enigmatic lyrics of this song have been attributed to many things, including teen suicides in Japan and literary references to \\\"Eyes of a Blue Dog\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9005772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blood That Moves the Body\",\n \"text\": \"The Blood That Moves the Body \\\"The Blood That Moves the Body\\\" is a song by the Norwegian band A-ha, and was originally released in 1988 as the second single from the band's third album \\\"Stay on These Roads\\\". This song was re-released on with the remixes by Alan Tarney. The video remained unchanged. The dark, enigmatic lyrics of this song have been attributed to many things, including teen suicides in Japan and literary references to \\\"Eyes of a Blue Dog\\\". The \\\"Two-Time Gun Remix\\\" was later included on A-ha's 2010 compilation album, \\\"25\\\", which features all of the bands\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9005771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body\",\n \"text\": \"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18599974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Names for the human species\",\n \"text\": \"Names for the human species The common name of the human species in English is historically \\\"man\\\" (from Germanic), often replaced by the Latinate \\\"human\\\" (since the 16th century). In addition to the generally accepted taxonomic name \\\"Homo sapiens\\\" (Latin: \\\"sapient man\\\", Linnaeus 1758), other Latin-based names for the human species have been created to refer to various aspects of the human character. Some of these are ironic of the self-ascribed nobility immanent in the choice of \\\"sapiens\\\", others are serious references to human universals that may be considered defining characteristics of the species. Most of these refer to linguistic,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8454809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Development of the human body\",\n \"text\": \"Development of the human body Human development is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The egg then lodges in the uterus, where an embryo and later fetus develop until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development, influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life, through childhood, and adolescence into adulthood. Development before birth, or prenatal development () is the process in which an embryo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"936197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The \\\"What Time Is Love?\\\" Story\",\n \"text\": \"half the price of a conventional album. Released on 25 September 1989 on LP and CD, \\\"The \\\"What Time Is Love?\\\" Story\\\" used the same basic design lay-out as the \\\"Pure Trance Original\\\" singles, but the colour scheme was altered: lurid pink writing on lurid green (for the vinyl), and lurid green on lurid pink (for the CD). Many commentators have speculated that all of these 'covers' were in fact the work of The KLF themselves. \\\"Q\\\" magazine, for example, commented that \\\"one wonders why all the vocalists sound so alike (and British, even when praising Allah)\\\" and asked of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7526860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"the senses to identify what has gone wrong. The Ebers Papyrus refers to many god-like and spiritual infestations of the body that could not be explained at the time. Despite the explanations for maladies by spiritual rational, the interventions described to investigate and see the body were distinctly disconnected for the spirit or life force of the body and was principally about what could be seen or touched. Descriptions of the exact placement of the heart within the body, the circulation of blood are in no doubt accurate as Egyptians practiced embalming their dead by removal of organs and placement\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shoulder shrug\",\n \"text\": \"Shoulder shrug The shoulder shrug (usually called simply the shrug) is an exercise in weight training used to develop the upper trapezius muscle. The lifter stands erect, hands about shoulder width apart, and raises the shoulders as high as possible, and then lowers them, while not bending the elbows, or moving the body at all. The lifter may not have as large a range of motion as in a normal shrug done for active flexibility. It is usually considered good form if the slope of the shoulders is horizontal in the elevated position. A barbell, dumbbells or a smith machine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5522044\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shoulder shrug\",\n \"text\": \"Shoulder shrug The shoulder shrug (usually called simply the shrug) is an exercise in weight training used to develop the upper trapezius muscle. The lifter stands erect, hands about shoulder width apart, and raises the shoulders as high as possible, and then lowers them, while not bending the elbows, or moving the body at all. The lifter may not have as large a range of motion as in a normal shrug done for active flexibility. It is usually considered good form if the slope of the shoulders is horizontal in the elevated position. A barbell, dumbbells or a smith machine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5522042\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle\",\n \"text\": \"Aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle The aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle is a thin but strong membranous structure, the fibers of which are directed downward and medially. It is joined with that of the opposite muscle along the middle line, and covers the whole of the front of the abdomen; above, it is covered by and gives origin to the lower fibers of the pectoralis major; below, its fibers are closely aggregated together, and extend obliquely across from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and the pectineal line. In the middle line, it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9119741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Covers (The Smithereens)\",\n \"text\": \"Covers (The Smithereens) Covers is a compilation album by The Smithereens, released in May 2018 by Sunset Blvd Records. It was originally released as a digital download on iTunes in May 2014. The album features 22 cover songs recorded by the band between 1980 and 2008. Most of the songs have previously been released as b-sides or on tribute albums and soundtracks. \\\"Covers\\\" features songs that are collected from different sessions throughout the band's career. Guitarist Jim Babjak: “Whenever we had extra time in the studio we’d knock off covers for fun.\\\" Jeff Elbel of the \\\"Illinois Entertainer\\\" rated the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20896559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sartorius muscle\",\n \"text\": \"the location of the inferior portion of the muscle being the \\\"inseam\\\" or area of the inner thigh that tailors commonly measure when fitting trousers. Another is that the muscle closely resembles a tailor's ribbon. Additionally, antique sewing machines required continuous cross body pedaling. This combination of lateral rotation and flexion of the hip and flexion of the knee gave tailors particularly enlarged sartorius muscles. The sartorius is also called the honeymoon muscle. Sartorius muscle The sartorius muscle () is the longest muscle in the human body. It is a long, thin, superficial muscle that runs down the length of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1780314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sexing the Body\",\n \"text\": \"Sexing the Body Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality is a 2000 book by the biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling, in which the author explores the social construction of gender, and the social and medical treatment of intersex people. She stated that in it she sets out to \\\"convince readers of the need for theories that allow for a good deal of human variation and that integrate the analytical powers of the biological and the social into the systematic analysis of human development.\\\" Fausto-Sterling mentions the most common types of intersex, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen insensitivity syndrome\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17758366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Errors of the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"Ruzin of Screen Invasion wrote, \\\"\\\"Errors of the Human Body\\\" is elevated by a sublime turn by star Michael Eklund... His agony, particularly in the third act, is brilliantly painful. Despite the screenplay skimming over his character’s supposed scientific prowess, to the film’s moderate detriment, Eklund’s powerful performance is nonetheless tragic and captivating.\\\" Michael Treveloni of Film School Rejects noted, \\\"The film is a not just a science-fiction horror story: it is a commentary on the importance of dialog, showcasing the need for communication in its many forms. With Geoff, \\\"Errors\\\" presents the perfect, damaged subject.\\\". At the Fantastic Fest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16953861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Unethical human experimentation in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"ashes analyzed for radioisotopes. This project was kept secret primarily because it would be a public relations disaster; as a result parents and family were not told what was being done with the body parts of their relatives. Between 1960 and 1971, the Department of Defense funded non-consensual whole body radiation experiments on mostly poor and black cancer patients, who were not told what was being done to them. Patients were told that they were receiving a \\\"treatment\\\" that might cure their cancer, but the Pentagon was trying to determine the effects of high levels of radiation on the human\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14300145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Human Beinz\",\n \"text\": \"did not fit with the feel of the late 1960s. They recorded covers of songs by Them, The Yardbirds, The Who and Bob Dylan. The group was also the first to record a cover of \\\"Gloria\\\" by Them, which became a hit for The Shadows of Knight, and covered \\\"The Pied Piper\\\", which later became a hit for Crispian St. Peters. The group signed to Capitol Records in 1967 and at that time Capitol misspelled their name, leaving out the \\\"g\\\". Capitol's purported idea was to affiliate the band's name with the Human Be-In movement of 1967 The Beingz were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2806612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body (1970 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Body (1970 film) The Body is a 1970 UK scientific documentary film directed and produced by Roy Battersby. In the film, external and internal cameras are used to showcase the human body. The film's narrators, Frank Finlay and Vanessa Redgrave, provide commentary that combines the knowledge of human biologists and anatomical experts. The film's soundtrack, \\\"Music from the Body\\\", was composed by Ron Geesin and Roger Waters, and includes songs that were made using the human body as a medium. Waters is also the narrator of one scene. In August 1971 Nat Cohen, whose company distributed the film, said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"101 Things Removed from the Human Body\",\n \"text\": \"on the terrestrial Channel 4 in July 2004, the British television watchdog OFCOM received complaints over the show causing offence. A one-off program of the same name was also broadcast on Fox in United States in July 2003. The show received high ratings, and was number one in its time slot. In 2006, \\\"101 More Things Removed from the Human Body\\\" was released. It features items that have been removed from people such as tree boughs, a 3/4\\\" drill bit, a pipe, a knife, a sword fish, and a maggot. All persons featured in the program who had items removed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7279215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body in the Seine\",\n \"text\": \"this collection of twelve songs, hoping to find an experienced writer who would create a book to accompany his tunes. A note on the back of the album read: \\\"Help Wanted. Musical score requires immediate services of bright, clever \\\"book.\\\" Must be mature, sophisticated and willing to travel.\\\" What makes \\\"The Body in the Seine\\\" interesting to collectors of Broadway cast albums is the theatrical performers assembled for the recording, including Alice Pearce, George S. Irving, Barbara Ashley and future U.S. Congressman, Jim Symington. The album's orchestrators, Joseph Glover and Ralph Norman Wilkinson, were both experienced music arrangers, and Buster\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11811968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human body weight\",\n \"text\": \"weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately measure the percentage and weight of (fat, muscle, bone) in a body. The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows: The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult: Participants in sports such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2836345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb\",\n \"text\": \"for what purpose the painting was created. Various suggestions have been offered, including as a predella for an altarpiece, a free-standing work, or an ornament for a sepulchre. In 1999, the art historians Oskar Bätschmann and Pascal Griener raised the possibility that the panel was intended to form part of a Holy Tomb, perhaps as a lid to be laid over a sepulchre. It is known that Holbein used a body fished out of the Rhine as a model for the work. The panel has attracted fascination and praise since it was created. The Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky was captivated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13326979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body Issue\",\n \"text\": \"section was a feature of the best bodies in the world of sports all posed nude but with strategic coverage of private parts. Another section showed the damage done to the human body in athletics such as Laird Hamilton's cracked heel and Torry Holt's crooked middle finger. One action photo captured six members of Major League Soccer's D.C. United simulating a free kick defensive wall while covering their genitalia. Some of the 2009 covers were revealed on shows such \\\"Monday Night Football\\\" and \\\"Good Morning America\\\". The 2009 edition included the following: The 2010 edition included the following: The 2011\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14058774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\",\n \"text\": \"What What (In the Butt) \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" is a viral video created by Andrew Swant and Bobby Ciraldo for the song of the same name by Samwell. It is known for its numerous camp references to homosexuality and anal sex. The lyrics of the song, a production of Mike Stasny, mostly revolve around the title. The video was made in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and uploaded on Valentine's Day 2007 to YouTube. As of March 2016, the video had over 60 million views. On 5 March 2007, with regard to the Christian imagery in the video, Samwell said, in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10157826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Names for the human species\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Gaian\\\") is frequently used, as it were naming humanity by its planet of origin. Incidentally, this situation parallels the naming motive of ancient terms for humanity, including \\\"human\\\" (\\\"homo\\\", \\\"humanus\\\") itself, derived from a word for \\\"earth\\\" to contrast humans as earth-bound with celestial beings (i.e. deities) in mythology. Names for the human species The common name of the human species in English is historically \\\"man\\\" (from Germanic), often replaced by the Latinate \\\"human\\\" (since the 16th century). In addition to the generally accepted taxonomic name \\\"Homo sapiens\\\" (Latin: \\\"sapient man\\\", Linnaeus 1758), other Latin-based names for the human species\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8454819\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body (1970 film)\",\n \"text\": \"it had recouped its negative cost in the Far East alone. The movie was released on DVD on 7 October 2013. The Body (1970 film) The Body is a 1970 UK scientific documentary film directed and produced by Roy Battersby. In the film, external and internal cameras are used to showcase the human body. The film's narrators, Frank Finlay and Vanessa Redgrave, provide commentary that combines the knowledge of human biologists and anatomical experts. The film's soundtrack, \\\"Music from the Body\\\", was composed by Ron Geesin and Roger Waters, and includes songs that were made using the human body as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147462\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of beliefs about the human body\",\n \"text\": \"manuscript is recorded in the Yellow Emperors Inner Cannon, and it being recorded in this way represents the attention to the individuals perspective in creating therapies like acupuncture to treat body ailments. The Inner Cannon was revised by natural Philosophers of the time and the approved version of the Han Court and became a foundational text for the ideals and perceptions of the human body. It focused on Qi, Yin and Yang balance, and Five phase theory to explain health can disease. Referred to as the life force of the body, or the means by which the body is able\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20813765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Catholic theology of the body\",\n \"text\": \"positive image of man by stating his freedom and independence. God is truly free and the freedom of man, even if limited, is an image of God. Not only his freedom, but also his ability to love - God is love - and his immortality, make man an image of God. Regarding the human body, Gregory opines that it is created for procreation. In that, humans are like animals; however, the human body also has the capacity for reasoning and perception. The body has three forms of life: the vegetative, sensual and intellectual. The human body derives its dignity from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12108417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body Issue\",\n \"text\": \"The Body Issue The Body Issue is an edition of \\\"ESPN The Magazine\\\" that features dozens of athletes in nude and semi-nude photographs, which is intended to rival the annual Swimsuit Issue from \\\"Sports Illustrated\\\". The first issue debuted on October 19, 2009. The issue was a response to the decline in advertising spending resulting from the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and late-2000s recession that saw a 24 percent decline in ad revenues for the first six months of 2009 compared to the same six-month period in 2008. The 2009 edition had six alternative covers featuring Serena Williams (tennis), Carl\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14058772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Without a Body\",\n \"text\": \"head. Merritt decides to attach Nostradamus' head to Lew's body in an attempt to save them both. Brussard returns again and discovers that Lew has become a monster, with Nostradamus' head encased in what appears to be a shoulder-width box covered with surgical tape. Brussard runs away; Nostradamus wanders off. Merritt calls Dr Alexander (Norman Shelley) and tells him that Nostradamus 'seems demented' and has 'lost the power of speech'. But then the police spot Nostradamus. Merritt and Jean run to a building with a bell tower and find Brussard chasing Nostradamus up a staircase. Brussard becomes dizzy and falls\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14957416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shell tools in the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"the figure has an angular shoulder. This shell spoon is not bilaterally symmetrical. The Mataas shell scoop is a concave utensil with a sharp point at one end and a figure at the other end. The latter has a right extremity that forms to what appears like an arm with five digits. The left extremity and the head are missing. The outer surface of the body whorl near the figure has an angular shoulder. This shell scoop, recovered in Cagraray Island, Albay is not bilaterally symmetrical. Shell scoops made from the body whorl of Turbo marmoratus first appeared in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18796187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Buddhism and the body\",\n \"text\": \"risk life and limb for the good of others. To seek one's death or to make death one’s aim (even when the motive is compassionate, directed toward reducing suffering) is to negate in the most fundamental way the values and final goal of Buddhism by destroying what the traditional sources call the “precious human life” we have the rare good fortune to obtain. It is also said that a person who commits suicide will simply be reborn with the additional bad karma of the suicide to contend with. Buddhism and the body In contrast with many Indian religious traditions, Buddhism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13192061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effect of spaceflight on the human body\",\n \"text\": \"deleterious effects on human health. Humans are well-adapted to the physical conditions at the surface of the earth, and so in response to weightlessness, various physiological systems begin to change, and in some cases, atrophy. Though these changes are usually temporary, some do have a long-term impact on human health. Short-term exposure to microgravity causes space adaptation syndrome, a self-limiting nausea caused by derangement of the vestibular system. Long-term exposure causes multiple health problems, one of the most significant being loss of bone and muscle mass. Over time these deconditioning effects can impair astronauts' performance, increase their risk of injury,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4744195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Body in the Library\",\n \"text\": \"heart attack. Seeing Josie arrested and the plot exposed, Mark breaks down and confesses. The book ends with some happy news for other characters. In her \\\"Author's Foreword\\\", Christie describes \\\"the body in the library\\\" as a cliché of detective fiction. She states that when writing her own variation on this theme, she decided that the library should be a completely conventional one while the body would be a highly improbable and sensational one. In light of these remarks, this novel can be considered a conscious reworking of the genre. An unusual feature of \\\"The Body in the Library\\\" is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5568756\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["deltoid (disambiguation)","deltoid"],"string":"[\n \"deltoid (disambiguation)\",\n \"deltoid\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78285,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the name for the affluent district in southwest seoul, korea, which boasts the highest land values in the entire country?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Real estate in South Korea","text":"Real estate in South Korea Real estate in South Korea Gangnam refers to three \"gu\"s (wards) in southern part of Seoul, south of Han River, which includes Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu. Apartment prices in Gangnam are the highest in South Korea, according to a Kookmin Bank analysis on apartment prices in the seven areas where prices have soared. Songpa-gu and Seocho-gu come second and third respectively followed by Cheongdam-dong, all in Seoul. Many multinational corporations are located in the Gangnam (강남) area. It is situated within walking distance of Bukhansan National Park, it boasts fresh air and scenic beauty. Many","psg_id":"7792787"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Real estate in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Real estate in South Korea Real estate in South Korea Gangnam refers to three \\\"gu\\\"s (wards) in southern part of Seoul, south of Han River, which includes Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu. Apartment prices in Gangnam are the highest in South Korea, according to a Kookmin Bank analysis on apartment prices in the seven areas where prices have soared. Songpa-gu and Seocho-gu come second and third respectively followed by Cheongdam-dong, all in Seoul. Many multinational corporations are located in the Gangnam (강남) area. It is situated within walking distance of Bukhansan National Park, it boasts fresh air and scenic beauty. Many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7792787\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Guro District, Seoul","text":"Guro District, Seoul Guro District (Guro-gu) is a district of Seoul, South Korea, which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1, 1980. Located in the southwestern part of the city, where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads, land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country. The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon. In addition, Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1, 2, and 7, and major highways intersect in Guro District. The name Guro originates from the legend","psg_id":"9201616"},{"title":"English League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"made widely known, and found acceptance both in town and country\". The Liberty and Property League was formed in an attempt to counter the ELRL's ideas, while the Land Nationalisation Society worked closely with the ELRL. In 1902 the ELRL changed its name—\"which involved no change of front nor change of principles\"—to the English League for the Taxation of Land Values. The League was a constituent part (as one of the three national members), and 1907 founder, of the United Committee for the Taxation of Land Values, which became the Henry George Foundation: as co-organiser of the 1926 International Conference","psg_id":"13733447"},{"title":"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"the public and parliamentary debate surrounding the Land Values (Scotland) Bill at the turn of the twentieth century. That Bill was initiated at the League’s request, and intended to be prototype UK legislation. Viscount Ridley, speaking in the House of Lords in 1908 (before the reforming 1911 Parliament Act), at the second reading of the ill-starred Bill, claimed that:Behind this Bill is the Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values, and the real support that the Bill gets is from gentlemen who think it would be to the advantage of this country to tax all land values out of","psg_id":"13744312"},{"title":"The Seoul Institute","text":"The Seoul Institute The Seoul Institute (SI) is the official think tank for Seoul, the capital of South Korea. It was established in 1992 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government as The Seoul Development Institute (SDI), and its name was changed to The Seoul Institute on August 1, 2012. The Seoul Institute aims \"to upgrade SMG's policies and to improve the quality of life of Seoul citizens through professional research\". Utilizing their in-depth understanding of municipal administration, expertise in policy area in charge, and vast knowledge of overseas cases, SI's researchers support the policy-making processes of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. According","psg_id":"18687699"},{"title":"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"the Taxation of Land Values. This is what it says: \"The present proposals of the Chancellor of the Exchequer will penalise the landowners who are putting their land to the best possible use just as much as it punishes the owners who are holding land idle, or making a partial use of it. This in itself condemns the present proposals, and marks the scheme as a political stunt “. The Scottish League has been actively involved in Glasgow City Council’s 2009 initiative to reform local taxation on the basis of land values. The Scottish League was one-time proprietor (1904–1907) of","psg_id":"13744315"},{"title":"Jung District, Seoul","text":"Jung District, Seoul Jung District (), is one of the 25 \"gu\" which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. It is located north of the Han River, and as its name implies, is the historical city center of Seoul. Located in the heart of Seoul, Jung District is an area with a variety of old and new. It is a center of modernity, where facilities such as high rise office buildings, department stores and shopping malls are clustered together, and also a center of tradition, where valuable historic sites such as Deoksugung and Namdaemun can be found. Located","psg_id":"9201679"},{"title":"Seoul Land","text":"Seoul Land Seoul Land is an amusement park opened in 1987, in Gwacheon, a city in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea. It is located in the Seoul Grand Park complex. It opened just before the 1988 Summer Olympics. It has about 40 rides, including roller coasters, and movie theaters. Seasonal festivals are held in the park. It is smaller than Everland, but closer to Seoul, about one hour away from downtown. Approximately 3–3.5 million people visit the park in a year. Roughly a third of its 300,000 m is green space, the rest being packed with the attractions. Seoul Land, Seoul","psg_id":"15854491"},{"title":"Transportation in Seoul","text":"4500 won for the first three kilometers and are metered at 200 won every 164 meters. Their name could also be translated as \"Model Taxi\" as their service should be an example of what a proper taxi is. Deluxe taxis do not have nightly surcharges. Seoul city council announced Seoul Taxi will be repainted. They selected colour called Seoul Orange; look like similar orange or mud yellow. They are going to complete the painting until 2016. Seoul is connected to every major city in South Korea by railroad. Seoul is also linked to most major Korean cities by the KTX","psg_id":"10424771"},{"title":"Seoul Land","text":"of the rides are themed with popular animation characters, such as Larva. Seoul Land hosts a variety of temporary exhibits. These have included: Seoul Land Seoul Land is an amusement park opened in 1987, in Gwacheon, a city in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea. It is located in the Seoul Grand Park complex. It opened just before the 1988 Summer Olympics. It has about 40 rides, including roller coasters, and movie theaters. Seasonal festivals are held in the park. It is smaller than Everland, but closer to Seoul, about one hour away from downtown. Approximately 3–3.5 million people visit the park","psg_id":"15854493"},{"title":"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"the modern periodical \"Land&Liberty\", published then under the title \"Land Values\". Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values The Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values is an independent national campaigning organisation that advocates radical reform of Scotland's system of taxation. Known as The Scottish League, the organisation advances the programme of the nineteenth-century American social reformer Henry George. The League publishes books and other material, and is a participant in the ongoing public debate over the future of Scotland’s land and tax system. The Scottish League was constituted in 1890, emerging out of the complex reorganisation that","psg_id":"13744316"},{"title":"The Eight Gates of Seoul","text":"The Eight Gates of Seoul The Eight Gates of Seoul are eight historical gates that were located in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon Dynasty. Six of these gates exist today (2018). All eight gates were originally built between 1396 and 1398. The Eight Gates were based roughly in the four cardinal and four intermediate directions of the compass. Of the eight gates, the North, South, East, and West were known as the “Four Great Gates” (사대문), while the Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest gates were known as the “Four Small Gates”","psg_id":"16593865"},{"title":"Embassy of the United States, Seoul","text":"neighborhood. Current plans call for a new Chancery to be built on land to be relinquished by the U.S. Army leaving the Yongsan Garrison south of downtown Seoul, but still north of the Han River. The U.S. Embassy in Seoul has traditionally played a key and prominent role in South Korea politics. Issues such as the ever-present danger from North Korea, the presence of U.S. troops in South Korea, and the deference of South Korea to the U.S. have been factors that lead to such importance. Increasingly the U.S Embassy has been the focus of demonstrations in Seoul. Whenever a","psg_id":"9289042"},{"title":"English League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"Committee for the Taxation of Land Values Ltd and the International Union for Land Value Taxation and Free Trade. English League for the Taxation of Land Values The English League for the Taxation of Land Values was a Georgist political group. It was a historic precursor of two present-day reform bodies: the international umbrella organisation the IU and the UK think tank the Henry George Foundation. The object of the League wasthe taxation for national and local purposes of the 'unimproved value of the land', ie the value of the land apart from the buildings or other improvements in or","psg_id":"13733449"},{"title":"History of the Jews in South Korea","text":"constantly in flux, due to the rotation of U.S. military personnel in the country. While the soldiers have a Jewish chaplain at the Yongsan Army Base, their services are restricted and off-limits to most civilians. At this time, there are no Jewish schools. Israel has full diplomatic relations with South Korea, and the sizable Christian population in the country also keeps ties strong between the countries. In August 2005, the Jerusalem Summit promoting Christian support for Israel was held in Seoul. In contrast, neighboring North Korea has no known Jews within its borders. In April 2008, the first Chabad House","psg_id":"11625841"},{"title":"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values The Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values is an independent national campaigning organisation that advocates radical reform of Scotland's system of taxation. Known as The Scottish League, the organisation advances the programme of the nineteenth-century American social reformer Henry George. The League publishes books and other material, and is a participant in the ongoing public debate over the future of Scotland’s land and tax system. The Scottish League was constituted in 1890, emerging out of the complex reorganisation that year of the Scottish Land Restoration League. It campaigned vigorously during","psg_id":"13744311"},{"title":"History of the Jews in South Korea","text":"was established in Seoul under direction of Rabbi Osher Litzman, accompanied by his wife, Mussia Litzman. As there were no synagogues in the country, Jews in Korea would have to go to the U.S. Army base for Shabbat meals and holiday services. Chabad.org news service reported that the Israeli ambassador to South Korea asked three visiting Lubavitch yeshiva students to help arrange for permanent Chabad emissaries. Though very few South Koreans are interested in Judaism as a religion, philo-Semitism is prevalent among the South Korean population as they reportedly hope to emulate Jews' high academic standards by studying books derived","psg_id":"11625842"},{"title":"English League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"English League for the Taxation of Land Values The English League for the Taxation of Land Values was a Georgist political group. It was a historic precursor of two present-day reform bodies: the international umbrella organisation the IU and the UK think tank the Henry George Foundation. The object of the League wasthe taxation for national and local purposes of the 'unimproved value of the land', ie the value of the land apart from the buildings or other improvements in or upon it. The League actively support[ed] all proposals in Parliament for separate valuation of land, and for making land","psg_id":"13733443"},{"title":"The Korea Times","text":"internationally and ultimately to produce a Nobel literature laureate from Korea. The Korea Times published The Seoul Olympian in 1988, the official newspaper of the 1988 Summer Olympics. The Korea Times The Korea Times is the oldest of three English-language newspapers published daily in South Korea. It is a sister paper of the \"Hankook Ilbo\", a major Korean language daily. It is not to be confused with the Korean-language newspaper of the same name based in Los Angeles, USA catering to the Korean-American community. Two previous newspapers bore the name \"The Korea Times\". Former President Kim Dae-jung famously taught himself","psg_id":"2588991"},{"title":"Seoul Korea Temple","text":"mother of pearl. After the temple was dedicated, a subway system was built in conjunction with the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The system included a line that ended right at the base of the hill upon which the temple was built, making the temple even more accessible for LDS Church members. The temple is located near what is today Sinchon Station on the Seoul Subway Line 2. This station is located near four major South Korean universities: Yonsei University, Hongik University, Ewha Womans University, and Sogang University. The Seoul Korea Temple has a total of , four ordinance rooms,","psg_id":"7946419"},{"title":"Jung District, Seoul","text":"here is the Gwangtonggwan, the oldest continuously-operating bank building in Korea. It was registered as one of city's protected monuments on March 5, 2001. In addition, together with cultural sites as Myeongdong Cathedral and the Bank of Korea Museum, there are famous landmarks of Seoul such as N Seoul Tower on Namsan mountain in Jung District. And Myeongdong is one of the most famous shopping areas in South Korea, and is one of favorite tourist destinations. Jung District is one of the most significant business cores of Seoul. Notable companies based in Jung District include Hanhwa, Shinsegae, Hanjin, Doosan Corporation,","psg_id":"9201680"},{"title":"Seoul Subway Line 1","text":"Seoul Subway Line 1 Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a commuter rail service which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Sinchang via Suwon and Cheonan in the south. The central underground portion of this rail line is the oldest subway section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system; the entire rail line covers a large part of the Seoul Capital Area. The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni Station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 (), is currently operated by Seoul Metro. The line","psg_id":"3748842"},{"title":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?","text":"of which was good and some bad. The king set riddles to them: whoever guessed the riddles would get good land. The first riddle was what was the fastest thing in the world. The stupid brother's daughter told him what to say; his brother guessed a bird or a horse, and the stupid brother said the mind. The second riddle was what was the heaviest thing in the world; the clever brother guessed stone or iron, and the stupid brother repeated his daughter's answer: fire because no one could lift it. The third was what was the most important thing","psg_id":"9686492"},{"title":"Brazilians in South Korea","text":"2012 with a Brazilian Cultural Programme titled \"Seoul of Brazil\", a three-day event which marks the 50th anniversary of Korean immigration to Brazil. Brazilians in South Korea There is a community of Brazilians in South Korea consisting of immigrants (mostly Korean Brazilian returnees) and expatriates (mostly footballers) from Brazil. In total there are estimated to be about 400 or 500 families of Brazilians living in South Korea. Since the late 1980s, the economic situations of Korean Brazilians have slowly deteriorated. Many successful Koreans who accumulated sufficient wealth abandoned Brazil to look for economic opportunities elsewhere. Some non-affluent Koreans who failed","psg_id":"16552046"},{"title":"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military","text":"Korea (ROK) and are punishable under the USA's Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). According to United States Forces Korea's policy, \"Hiring prostitutes is incompatible with our military core values.\" In the Allied-occupied Korea, between 1950 and 2007, the total number of women amounted to over one million in all South Korea. Some women chose to become prostitutes. Prostitutes for U.S. soldiers were esteemed to be at the bottom of the social hierarchy by South Koreans, they were also lowest status within the hierarchy of prostitution. In September 1945, United States Armed Forces occupied Korea, including Imperial Japanese comfort stations.","psg_id":"17208024"},{"title":"Seoul","text":"each other by the AREX to Seoul Station. Intercity bus services are available to various destinations around the country. Cycling is becoming increasingly popular in Seoul and in the entire country. Both banks of the Han River have cycling paths that run all the way across the city along the river. In addition, Seoul introduced in 2015 a bicycle-sharing system named Ddareungi (and named Seoul Bike in English). Seoul is home to the majority of South Korea's most prestigious universities, including Seoul National University, Yonsei University, Korea University. Seoul ranked 10th on the QS Best Student Cities 2018. Compulsory education","psg_id":"12416084"},{"title":"The Korea Herald","text":"\"The Korea Herald\" began to publish 20 pages daily. In 2004, Herald Media won the right to manage the Seoul English Village, an English language immersion school set up by the Seoul Metropolitan City government. Later that year, \"The Junior Herald\", an English-language newspaper for preteens, was launched. \"The Korea Herald\" launched a book series in 2007 to mark the 20th anniversary of the civilian uprising in June 1987, which put Korea on a path to democracy. The purpose of the project was to present a comprehensive analysis of Korean society's transformation during the past two decades. \"The Korea Herald\"","psg_id":"6987977"},{"title":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?","text":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \"Folktales of Greece\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \"Riddles Wisely Expounded\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some","psg_id":"9686491"},{"title":"The Affluent Society","text":"with another appeal to the importance and need for investment in educating people: The Affluent Society The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith. The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post–World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities. The book sparked much public discussion at the time. It is also credited with popularizing the term \"conventional wisdom\". Many of the ideas presented were later expanded and","psg_id":"7193184"},{"title":"Guro District, Seoul","text":"City of Global Cities Dialogue (GCD) for the Asian Region, Guro District has also participated at the World e-Gov Forum as the guest of honour and Mayor Yang gave a speech during the Opening Ceremony. Also, a close sister relationship with Issy-les-Moulineaux created the Guro Esplanade in Issy and hoisted the flag of South Korea in front of the City Hall of Issy-les-Moulineaux. Guro District hosted the e-Participation Forum from February 7 to February 9, 2007 with the participation of 700 people from more than 37 countries. Guro District, Seoul Guro District (Guro-gu) is a district of Seoul, South Korea,","psg_id":"9201637"},{"title":"Jung District, Seoul","text":"Air had its headquarters in Jung District. Jung District is the center of Seoul. Because this, historically it was a fitting place for many scholars who stayed in Seoul to discuss and pursue crucial academic or political subjects during the Joseon Dynasty. The National Human Rights Commission of Korea has its headquarters in the Gumsegi Building in Jung District. The Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) formerly had its headquarters in the S1 Building in Sunhwa-dong, Jung District. The offices of the KMST are now in Sejong City. International schools include: Jung District, Seoul Jung District (), is one of the","psg_id":"9201683"},{"title":"Sports in Seoul","text":"Sports in Seoul Seoul is a major center for sports in South Korea. Its professional sports teams compete in football (soccer), baseball, basketball, volleyball. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games, commonly known as Asiad, 1988 Olympic Games, and Paralympic Games. It also served as one of the host cities of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Seoul World Cup Stadium hosted the opening ceremony and first game of the tournament. Seoul has greatest number of professional sports teams and facilities in South Korea. In the history of South Korean major professional sports league championships which include the K League, KBO League,","psg_id":"19737530"},{"title":"Embassy of the United States, Seoul","text":"Embassy of the United States, Seoul The Embassy of the United States in Seoul is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), in the capital city of Seoul. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and South Korea–United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Korea is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to South Korea. The United States has had diplomatic relations with Korea, with interruption, since the late 1870s. Korean government relations with nations not aligned with Qing China were more or less unknown and not welcome before that","psg_id":"9289034"},{"title":"Livestock in the Basque Country","text":"utilize natural local resources more efficiently throughout the entire year. Fences are not widely used to guide or contain livestock, so the natural countryside remains fairly untouched in that regard. This lack of physical barriers is generally unproblematic, although the potential utility of fences has been pointed out in cases in which non-agricultural social activities have crossed the boundaries of grazing land. Overall, the presence of grazing livestock in Basque prairies and mountains helps to keep the ecosystem in balance. Livestock in the Basque Country The business of livestock farming is prominent in the Basque Country (Spain). The climate of","psg_id":"17622917"},{"title":"Land Values","text":"Land Values Land Values was the monthly newspaper precursor of the contemporary magazine \"Land&Liberty\". The periodical started life in June 1894 as \"The Single Tax\", changing its name to \"Land Values\" in June 1902. The first issue of \"Land Values\" announced that: \"though the name is changed to suit the requirements of the present political situation - a situation the paper has done its best to create - we leave our readers to judge whether we swerve from the principle and policy hitherto advocated, namely, that the value of the land is the reflex of the presence and industry of","psg_id":"13638170"},{"title":"Gangseo District, Seoul","text":"Gangseo District, Seoul Gangseo District (Gangseo-gu) (Hangul: 강서구, Hanja: 江西區, ) is one of the 25 wards (\"gu\") of Seoul, South Korea. It is located on the south side of the Han River. Gimpo Airport is in Gonghang-dong, where many flights fly to cities like Busan, Jeju, and Gwangju. The Korea Airports Corporation headquarters, Korean Air's headquarters, Korean Airport Service, Ltd., and Air Total Service are located in Gonghang-dong in Gangseo District. Asiana Airlines's headquarters are located in Asiana Town in Osoe-dong, Gangseo District. Jin Air has its headquarters in Deungchon-dong, Gangseo District. Eastarjet has its headquarters in Banghwa 2-dong.","psg_id":"9423430"},{"title":"Education in the Joseon dynasty","text":"Education in the Joseon dynasty Education in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea was largely aimed at preparing students for government service. The ultimate goal of most students was successful passage of the state examinations, known as \"gwageo\". Educational institutions were extremely widespread in the country, and can be divided into public and private. The highest public institution was the Seonggyungwan, located in Seoul. Below this were the \"Sahak\" (사부학당), four schools providing technical training, and the \"hyanggyo\", schools supported by each of the Eight Provinces. The \"hyanggyo\" soon fell into neglect, and for most of the Joseon period education was","psg_id":"5048599"},{"title":"Land Values","text":"century remain\". \"Land&Liberty\" magazine continues to be published by a successor of the UCTLV. Land Values Land Values was the monthly newspaper precursor of the contemporary magazine \"Land&Liberty\". The periodical started life in June 1894 as \"The Single Tax\", changing its name to \"Land Values\" in June 1902. The first issue of \"Land Values\" announced that: \"though the name is changed to suit the requirements of the present political situation - a situation the paper has done its best to create - we leave our readers to judge whether we swerve from the principle and policy hitherto advocated, namely, that","psg_id":"13638173"},{"title":"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military","text":"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military During and following the Korean War, prostitutes in South Korea were frequently used by the U.S. military. Prostitutes servicing members of the U.S. military in South Korea have been known locally under a variety of terms. Yankee princess (—also translated as Western princess) is a common name and literal meaning for the prostitutes in the \"Gijichon\", U.S. military Camp Towns in South Korea. Yankee whore ( \"Yanggalbo\") and Western whore are also common names. The women are also referred to as U.N. madams (, \"U.N. madam\"). Juicy girls is a common name","psg_id":"17208021"},{"title":"Gangseo District, Seoul","text":"The Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (ARAIB) FDR/CVR Analysis and Wreckage Laboratory is on the property of Gimpo International Airport in Gwahae-dong, Gangseo District. Previously the ARAIB had its headquarters in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo District. The ARAIB headquarters are now in Sejong City. Gangseo District, Seoul Gangseo District (Gangseo-gu) (Hangul: 강서구, Hanja: 江西區, ) is one of the 25 wards (\"gu\") of Seoul, South Korea. It is located on the south side of the Han River. Gimpo Airport is in Gonghang-dong, where many flights fly to cities like Busan, Jeju, and Gwangju. The Korea Airports Corporation headquarters, Korean Air's headquarters,","psg_id":"9423431"},{"title":"You Are the Best!","text":"Restaurant and co-worker with his manager Young-hoon. <br> <br> In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will in be red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue. Sources: TNmS Media Korea & AGB Nielsen Korea Global Youth League DN filed an injunction in Seoul Central District Court against broadcaster KBS for using the name \"Lee Soon-shin\" in the title of the drama. The injunction requested that the broadcast be halted immediately, that \"Lee Soon-shin\" be removed from the title, and that the character's name be changed. The group claimed that historical figure Lee","psg_id":"17119970"},{"title":"Football in Seoul","text":"football team at Paichai Academy in Seoul (currently Paichai High School FC), There was a footballing boom throughout the Korea. that saw many football clubs and school teams formed by the 1910s. Also in Seoul, many famous football clubs like Bulgyo Cheongnyeonhoe (불교청년회, Buddhist Youth Club), Geongang Gurakbu (건강구락부, Health Club) and Joseon Football Culb (조선축구단) were founded between the 1910s and 1920s, and they usually had a rivalry against football clubs in Pyongyang, the second biggest city in Korea. In 1933 Kyungsung FC, named according to Seoul's alternate name, was formed and it was the only Korean club which","psg_id":"13559164"},{"title":"The Affluent Society","text":"The Affluent Society The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith. The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post–World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities. The book sparked much public discussion at the time. It is also credited with popularizing the term \"conventional wisdom\". Many of the ideas presented were later expanded and refined in Galbraith's 1967 book, \"The New Industrial State\". Former U.S. Secretary of","psg_id":"7193182"},{"title":"The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure","text":"The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure is a 1994 American direct-to-video animated action-adventure musical film directed by Roy Allen Smith, and a sequel to the 1988 American-Irish animated film \"The Land Before Time\", which is produced by Amblin Entertainment and Sullivan Bluth Studios. It was released six years after the original, and was the first in the series to be a direct-to-video production. \"The Great Valley Adventure\" is also the first \"The Land Before Time\" direct-to-video film to be animated overseas by AKOM in Seoul, South Korea. The","psg_id":"5641310"},{"title":"Radio jamming in Korea","text":"(KBS1) as well as VHF ch. 7 (KBS2) in Seoul which may be North Korean jamming; the two analogue TV channels were discontinued as of 31 December 2012. This jamming is not very effective. Due to electricity shortages in North Korea, radio jamming activities are not consistent and are sometimes interrupted by power failures. A group by the name of Free North Korea Radio conducts numerous activities that focus on providing radio broadcasts to North Koreans. The broadcasts often include instructions on methods to leave the country and the group has contact with underground reporters within North Korea. The group","psg_id":"10443740"},{"title":"What What (In the Butt)","text":"did not owe damages. The decision was unusual in a copyright lawsuit because it was made on a motion to dismiss, before summary judgment. The appeal was dismissed by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals on June 7, 2012. Additionally, the district court awarded attorneys' fees to the defendants because the lawsuit was \"objectively unreasonable\". In January 2013, a behind-the-scenes video was released which showed footage from the original 2006 green screen shoot. What What (In the Butt) \"What What (In the Butt)\" is a viral video created by Andrew Swant and Bobby Ciraldo for the song of the same","psg_id":"10157830"},{"title":"The Eight Gates of Seoul","text":"for the gates. Official names and spellings are taken from signage currently found at and on the gates themselves. Note that Hanja is read right-to-left at times, and left-to right at other times. Thus, the character for \"gate\" (\"mun\", 門) may appear either on the left or right side of actual signboards. The Eight Gates of Seoul The Eight Gates of Seoul are eight historical gates that were located in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon Dynasty. Six of these gates exist today (2018). All eight gates were originally built between 1396","psg_id":"16593868"},{"title":"Foreigners in Korea","text":"and dubbing. Multi-genre performers such as Canadian Jesse Day, Kelly Frances, Stephen Revere, French DJ-actor Julian Quintart, and French performer-model-MC Fabien Yoon contribute through content, voice and live performances. Singer-actress Samia Mounts is credited for her role in Pokemon and American-Korean voice acting, having spent her youth in Korea. Ih the classical music genre, Dr. Ryan Goessl has built the Camarata Music Company, one of the world’s most diverse music organizations, in Seoul. The organization, which boasts members from 97 different countries, can be seen in concert up to 40 times per year. Dr. Goessl can also be seen performing","psg_id":"15168313"},{"title":"History of the Jews in South Korea","text":"History of the Jews in South Korea The first sizable Jewish presence in Korea was during the Korean War, when hundreds of Jewish soldiers participated in the American-led effort to repel a communist attempt to control the whole peninsula. Among the participants was Chaim Potok, who served as a chaplain. His experiences in Korea led to the book, \"The Book of Lights and I am the Clay\". Most of the Jewish community in South Korea resides in Seoul. The community is mostly U.S. military personnel and their families, business people, English-language journalists and teachers, and tourists. The Jewish population is","psg_id":"11625840"},{"title":"The Korea Herald","text":"has thus far published eight books under this series: \"Insight into Korea\", \"Social Change in Korea\", \"Political Change in Korea\", \"A New National Strategy for Korea\", \"Korean Wave\", \"Big Bang in Capital Market\", \"Financial Industry at a Crossroads\" and \"Insight into Dokdo\". The Korea Herald The Korea Herald is a daily English-language newspaper founded in 1953 and published in Seoul, South Korea. The editorial staff is composed of Korean and international writers and editors, with additional news coverage drawn from international news agencies such as the Associated Press. \"The Korea Herald\" is operated by Herald Corporation. Herald Corporation also publishes","psg_id":"6987978"},{"title":"Football in Seoul","text":"Football in Seoul Football is one of the most popular sports, both in terms of participants and spectators, in Seoul. Seoul had several of South Korea's leading football clubs and biggest football stadium - Seoul World Cup Stadium. In June 1882, although the crew from of the Royal Navy introduced the football in Port of Incheon, Regularized football introduction was the time of adoption of football as physical education course at in 1904 and the first official match in Korea was the game between Korea Sports Club and Korea YMCA at Seoul Dongdaemun Stadium in 1905. In 1902, establishment of","psg_id":"13559163"},{"title":"Seoul City Hall","text":"I can recall comfortable feelings of old things.\" In 2012, the new City Hall was opened to the public on 27 August and the city government moved in on 1 September. The project, which took four years and five months to complete, also includes multipurpose halls and cultural facilities for citizens. The old building, registered as a cultural asset, has been converted into a library, and boasts a collection of more than 200,000 books. Seoul City Hall Seoul City Hall is a governmental building for the Seoul Metropolitan Government in South Korea, in charge of the administrative affairs of Seoul.","psg_id":"11769293"},{"title":"Seoul","text":"country, with several Fortune Global 500 companies, including Samsung, SK Holdings, Hyundai, POSCO and LG Group headquartered there. Seoul was the host city of the 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics as well as one of the venues of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Seoul is in the northwest of South Korea. Seoul proper comprises , with a radius of approximately , roughly bisected into northern and southern halves by the Han River. The Han River and its surrounding area played an important role in Korean history. The Three Kingdoms of Korea strove to take control of this land,","psg_id":"12416043"},{"title":"Tourism in South Korea","text":"Tourism in South Korea Tourism in South Korea refers to the tourist industry in the Republic of Korea. In 2012, 11.1 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 20th most visited country in the world, and the 6th most visited in Asia. Most non-Korean tourists come from Japan, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The recent popularity of Korean popular culture, often known as the \"Korean Wave\", in these countries has increased tourist arrivals. Seoul is the principal tourist destination for visitors; popular tourist destinations outside of Seoul include Seorak-san national park, the historic city of Gyeongju and subtropical","psg_id":"7458887"},{"title":"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"and future Chancellor of the Exchequer, addressed the Commons: Let us consider whether after three weeks of existence this Bill is in a very happy condition…. We must not suppose that the cursing comes only from the critics, who might be thought to be naturally opposed to this system of taxation. I hold in my hand a communication from the Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values. I read it with interest, because we know that if one could look anywhere for the pure milk of the word on this subject it would be to the Scottish League for","psg_id":"13744314"},{"title":"Korea Meteorological Administration","text":"the Ministry of Environment In 2013, US-based Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) out of Enterprise, Alabama won a contract to deliver 11 S-band Klystron Dual-Polarization Doppler Weather radar systems to the KMA. The radars will be installed across the country as a means of providing for complete weather radar coverage over the entire country. The headquarters is in Daebang-dong, Dongjak District, Seoul. Co-working organs include mainly 5 categories: regional office of KMA, weather stations, observatories and Joint office for Meteorological observation. Korea Meteorological Administration The Korea Meteorological Administration (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; \"Kisangcheong\") (KMA) is the National Meteorological service of the","psg_id":"13547084"},{"title":"Seoul Korea Temple","text":"Seoul Korea Temple The Seoul Korea Temple is the 37th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The first member of the LDS Church in South Korea was baptized in 1951. At that time Korea was in the midst of a war against Communist armies, with the UN intervening. Latter-day Saint servicemen from the United States were the first to bring Mormonism to the area. The first Mormon missionaries arrived in South Korea in 1954. Some years later, church apostle Boyd K. Packer was assigned to travel to South Korea and find a place","psg_id":"7946417"},{"title":"Addresses in South Korea","text":"Addresses in South Korea Addresses in South Korea are used to identify specific locations within the country. South Korea has replaced its land lot-based address system with one based on street names. The switching of the address system is to make it easier for foreigners as well as Koreans to find their destinations. The current official system, the Road Name Address system rolled out on July 29, 2011, uses street names and building numbers, and is similar to the systems used by the United States, Canada, and Europe. The previous system was the land-lot based address, which is also used","psg_id":"13643965"},{"title":"The Korea Herald","text":"The Korea Herald The Korea Herald is a daily English-language newspaper founded in 1953 and published in Seoul, South Korea. The editorial staff is composed of Korean and international writers and editors, with additional news coverage drawn from international news agencies such as the Associated Press. \"The Korea Herald\" is operated by Herald Corporation. Herald Corporation also publishes \"The Herald Business\", a Korean-language business daily, \"The Junior Herald\", an English weekly for teens, \"The Campus Herald\", a Korean-language weekly for university students. Herald Media is also active in the country's booming English as a foreign language sector, operating a chain","psg_id":"6987974"},{"title":"The Purple Land","text":"The Purple Land The Purple Land is a novel set in 19th century Uruguay by William Henry Hudson, first published in 1885 under the title \"The Purple Land that England Lost\". Initially a commercial and critical failure, it was reissued in 1904 with the full title \"The Purple Land, Being One Richard Lamb's Adventures in the Banda Orientál, in South America, as told by Himself\". Towards the end of the novel, the narrator explains the title, \"I will call my book \"The Purple Land.\" For what more suitable name can one find for a country so stained with the blood","psg_id":"8263940"},{"title":"Transportation in Seoul","text":"terminals. These buses connect Seoul to cities all around Korea. Major bus terminals include Seoul has 21 subway lines that interlink every district of the city with one another and with the surrounding area. The majority of the population now uses the public transportation system due to its convenience and low cost. With more than 8 million passengers a day, Seoul has one of the busiest subway systems in the world. In addition, in order to cope with all of these transportation modes, Seoul's metropolitan government employs several mathematicians to coordinate the subway, bus, and traffic schedules into one timetable.","psg_id":"10424769"},{"title":"The Plaza Hotel Seoul","text":"and Insa-dong. It is also known as a business hotel in a location where domestic and foreign financial institutions and large corporations are concentrated. Since January 2018 , it gained a partnership with Marriott International's luxury lifestyle brand 'Autograph Collection' in Korea. THE PLAZA was opened in October 1976 under the name \"Seoul Plaza Hotel\" and reopened in November 2010 as a luxury boutique hotel. The renovation of the Plaza was the first and largest full-scale business operation in the hotel industry, including front-facing, all rooms, food service, and lobby. The construction period took six months from May 2010 and","psg_id":"16697858"},{"title":"Transport in South Korea","text":"Transport in South Korea Transportation in South Korea is provided by extensive networks of railways, highways, bus routes, ferry services and air routes that criss-cross the country. South Korea is the third country in the world to operate a commercial maglev train. Development of modern infrastructure began with the first Five-Year Development Plan (1962–66), which included the construction of 275 kilometers of railways and several small highway projects. Construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway, which connects the two major cities of Seoul and Busan, was completed on 7 July 1970. The 1970s saw increased commitment to infrastructure investments. The third Five-Year","psg_id":"357297"},{"title":"Rice production in South Korea","text":"Rice production in South Korea Rice production in South Korea is important for the food supply in the country, with rice being a common part of the Korean diet. In 2009, South Korea produced 3,899,036 metric tonnes (4,297,951 tons) of rice. Rice is the most valuable crop in South Korea. However, as noted by Donald S. Macdonald, rising wage levels and land values have made it expensive to produce. Rice represented about 90 percent of total grain production and over 40 percent of farm income; the 1988 rice crop was 6.5 million tonnes. Rice was the imported in the 1980s,","psg_id":"13170585"},{"title":"What What (In the Butt)","text":"What What (In the Butt) \"What What (In the Butt)\" is a viral video created by Andrew Swant and Bobby Ciraldo for the song of the same name by Samwell. It is known for its numerous camp references to homosexuality and anal sex. The lyrics of the song, a production of Mike Stasny, mostly revolve around the title. The video was made in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and uploaded on Valentine's Day 2007 to YouTube. As of March 2016, the video had over 60 million views. On 5 March 2007, with regard to the Christian imagery in the video, Samwell said, in","psg_id":"10157826"},{"title":"Seoul","text":"center is planning at Seoul Olympic stadium complex as MICE HUB by Seoul city. Ex-Kepco head office building was purchased by Hyundai motor group with 9billion USD to build 115-storey Hyundai GBC & hotel complex until 2021. Now ex-kepco 25-storey building is under demolition. Seoul has been described as the world's \"most wired city\", ranked first in technology readiness by PwC's \"Cities of Opportunity\" report. Seoul has a very technologically advanced infrastructure. Seoul is among the world leaders in Internet connectivity, being the capital of South Korea, which has the world's highest fibre-optic broadband penetration and highest global average internet","psg_id":"12416058"},{"title":"Rice production in South Korea","text":"and storage, has accumulated a large stockpile of rice. Rice production in South Korea Rice production in South Korea is important for the food supply in the country, with rice being a common part of the Korean diet. In 2009, South Korea produced 3,899,036 metric tonnes (4,297,951 tons) of rice. Rice is the most valuable crop in South Korea. However, as noted by Donald S. Macdonald, rising wage levels and land values have made it expensive to produce. Rice represented about 90 percent of total grain production and over 40 percent of farm income; the 1988 rice crop was 6.5","psg_id":"13170587"},{"title":"Seoul E-Land FC","text":"2016, the club appointed Park Kun-ha as head coach. He resigned on 9 January 2017 and was replaced by Kim Byung-soo. Seoul E-Land FC Seoul E-Land FC () is South Korean professional football club based in Seoul which plays in the K League 2 (second division). Seoul E-Land was announced as the league's second football club based in Seoul on April 14, 2014. This club is owned by E-Land Group and plays at the Seoul Olympic Stadium. On 14 April 2014, E-Land Group officially announced the foundation of a professional football club based in Seoul. On 17 July 2014, the","psg_id":"17981195"},{"title":"Seoul E-Land FC","text":"Seoul E-Land FC Seoul E-Land FC () is South Korean professional football club based in Seoul which plays in the K League 2 (second division). Seoul E-Land was announced as the league's second football club based in Seoul on April 14, 2014. This club is owned by E-Land Group and plays at the Seoul Olympic Stadium. On 14 April 2014, E-Land Group officially announced the foundation of a professional football club based in Seoul. On 17 July 2014, the club appointed former Vancouver Whitecaps manager Martin Rennie as head coach. He was sacked on 15 June 2016. On 24 June","psg_id":"17981194"},{"title":"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military","text":"rescue her family. Lee Moon-yul is depicted in \"What Crashes, Has Wings\" (1988). \"Camp Arirang\" is a 1995 documentary that claims one million females had been involved in prostitution up until 1995. Until the early 1990s, the term Prostitutes (comfort women) was used to include people who were prostitutes to soldiers. Today, there is a debate about whether it is appropriate to express comfort women as comfort women by saying comfort women as a means of forced mobilization to the state. Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military During and following the Korean War, prostitutes in South Korea were","psg_id":"17208053"},{"title":"Yeongdeungpo District","text":"Yeongdeungpo District Yeongdeungpo District (Yeongdeungpo-gu) is an administrative district in southwest Seoul, South Korea. Although the origin of the name is uncertain, the first two syllables are thought to be from \"\"yeongdeung\"\" (靈登) or \"divine ascent\", a shamanic rite. The third syllable is \"\"po\"\", representing the bank of a river (浦), referring to the district's position on the Han River. The 2006 population was 408,819. The current magistrate is Kim Hyung-Su. There are 22 administrative \"dong\" and 34 legal \"dong\". Yeouido-dong is the largest in area and takes up about 34% of the land. The total area is 24.56 km²","psg_id":"7331325"},{"title":"Embassy of the United States, Seoul","text":"mission in Seoul was shut down. A U.S. embassy was not again established in Korea until the end of World War II, after the Allied forces defeated the Japanese. American and Soviet forces took control of Korea from the Japanese. The Americans set up an American military government in Seoul in the South, and while the Soviets set up a government in Pyongyang in the north. The U.S. recognized the government in Seoul in 1948, the same year North Korea was recognized by the Soviets. From 1948 the American embassy operated out of a leased hotel building. When North Korean","psg_id":"9289037"},{"title":"Land Values","text":"over to the United Committee for the Taxation of Land Values. In its seventeen years of publication, ninety-six issues of the periodical appeared (nos. 97 to 300, in twelve volumes, vols. IX to XX (part)). In 1919 (its twenty-fifth year from launch of \"The Single Tax\") the publication changed its name to \"Land&Liberty (incorporating Land Values)\" - with the suffix dropped in January 1924 - the new title to \"bring it more into line with the new forces and aspirations making for social justice and freedom. The name changes, but the principle and policy argued for a quarter of a","psg_id":"13638172"},{"title":"Seoul","text":"spring, summer, autumn, and winter in Seoul, South Korea since 2003. It is based on the \"Seoul Citizens' Day\" held on every October since 1994 to commemorate the 600 years history of Seoul as the capital of the country. The festival is arranged under the Seoul Metropolitan Government. , Seoul has hosted Ultra Music Festival Korea, an annual dance music festival that takes place on the 2nd weekend of June. Despite the city's population density, Seoul has a large quantity of parks. One of the most famous parks is Namsan Park, which offers recreational hiking and views of the downtown","psg_id":"12416074"},{"title":"Sports in Seoul","text":"KBL, V-League, Seoul had multiple championships in a season 2 times, 1990 K League 1 Lucky-Goldstar FC (currently FC Seoul) and KBO League LG Twins in 1990, K League 1 FC Seoul and KBO League Doosan Bears in 2016 Seoul's most popular football club is FC Seoul. Recently, FC Seoul finished as a runner-up in 2013 AFC Champions League. Sports in Seoul Seoul is a major center for sports in South Korea. Its professional sports teams compete in football (soccer), baseball, basketball, volleyball. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games, commonly known as Asiad, 1988 Olympic Games, and Paralympic Games. It","psg_id":"19737531"},{"title":"Seoul Korea Temple","text":"and three sealing rooms. Notable presidents of the temple include Spencer J. Palmer (1988–90) and Han In Sang (1996–2000). As of November 2013, the temple president is Lee Yong-Hwan. Seoul Korea Temple The Seoul Korea Temple is the 37th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The first member of the LDS Church in South Korea was baptized in 1951. At that time Korea was in the midst of a war against Communist armies, with the UN intervening. Latter-day Saint servicemen from the United States were the first to bring Mormonism to the area.","psg_id":"7946420"},{"title":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?","text":"owner. She called out which was the rightful owner, and the king said she had meddled and must go home. She asked him to eat one last meal with her, and then she drugged it. When he was asleep, she put him in the carriage and went home. When the king woke, she told him she was entitled to him, because she valued him most of everything in the castle. The king took her back to the castle and gave her the right to judge all his affairs. What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest","psg_id":"9686494"},{"title":"The Entire Population of Hackney","text":"the first show; Bruce Dickinson, Dave Murray and Steve Harris joined the band on stage only for the encores. Their set includes songs from all the members and some covers from Bob Seger and ZZ Top. The result of this short break from Iron Maiden was that three of the songs featured in the setlist would be later used on two Iron Maiden singles. \"Reach Out\" featured on \"Wasted Years\" and \"Juanita\" and \"That Girl\" featured on \"Stranger in a Strange Land\". The Entire Population of Hackney The Entire Population of Hackney is the name used for a project featuring","psg_id":"11069197"},{"title":"Seoul National University of Education","text":"Seoul National University of Education The Seoul National University of Education (SNUE) is a government-run institution which provides training for future public elementary school teachers in South Korea. Founded in May 1946 under the name of Kyunggi Public Regular School, the university is the first national university that specializes in elementary school teacher training. The campus is located in the Seocho-gu district of Seoul, the capital of South Korea. The university offers graduate and undergraduate programs, and has an attached elementary school. The school was originally founded as Kyunggi Public Teacher’s School on May 22nd, 1946. The attached elementary school,","psg_id":"11755030"},{"title":"In the Name of the Brother","text":"In the Name of the Brother \"In the Name of the Brother\" is the 12th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\", and the show's 34th episode overall, which aired on January 20, 2013. In this episode Dr. Whale has to face his fears with helping people, while flashbacks show Victor Frankenstein bringing his brother back from the dead. It was written by Jane Espenson and directed by Milan Cheylov. Rumplestiltskin is featured in a black and white forest with a red cloak. In a black-and-white land (Earth, said by Dr","psg_id":"17043520"},{"title":"Korea: A Walk Through the Land of Miracles","text":"military dictatorship that ruled the South Korea during the Fifth Republic. Winchester visited Gwangju only a few years after the Gwangju massacre, an event which marked dissatisfaction with the government. Korea: A Walk Through the Land of Miracles Korea, A Walk Through the Land of Miracles () is a book by Simon Winchester. He recounts his experience walking across South Korea, from Jeju in the south to the DMZ in the north, roughly following a route originally taken by a group of Dutch sailors, reportedly the first Europeans to visit Korea. The book makes general observations about Korean society and","psg_id":"6951143"},{"title":"What Is the What","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","psg_id":"9406939"},{"title":"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military","text":"is in effect helping to line the pockets of human traffickers\". In June 2002, the U.S. Department of Defense pledged to investigate the trafficking allegations. In 2003, the Seoul District Court ruled that three night club owners near Camp Casey must compensate all Filipina women who had been forced into prostitution. The club owners had taken their passports and had kept the women locked up. One Philippine woman who was in captivity kept a diary about her confinement, beating, abortion and starvation. Before the trial began, the International Organization for Migration studied the trafficking of foreign women and reported the","psg_id":"17208039"},{"title":"Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest","text":"Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest describes the agricultural practices of the Native Americans inhabiting the American Southwest, which includes the states of Arizona and New Mexico plus portions of surrounding states and neighboring Mexico. Maize (corn) was the dominant crop. Introduced from Mesoamerica, it was first cultivated in the Southwest about 2100 BCE. Sedentary cultures based on farming developed afterwards including the Hohokam, Mogollon, Ancestral Puebloans, and Patayan. Due to a deficiency in precipitation throughout the region, irrigation and several techniques of water harvesting and conservation were essential for successful agriculture. Although it is possible","psg_id":"16628762"},{"title":"English League for the Taxation of Land Values","text":"values the basis of national and local taxation. The organisation was established on 16 April 1883 as the Land Reform Union, inspired by social reformer Henry George's first UK lecture tour in 1883-4, and his book, \"Progress and Poverty\". Early members of the group included John Charles Durrant, Stewart Headlam, James Leigh Joynes, Sydney Olivier, William Saunders, George Bernard Shaw, Henry Cary Shuttleworth, John Elliotson Symes, Helen Taylor, T. F. Walker and Philip Wicksteed. Initially, it focused on issuing leaflets explaining George's ideas. It also agreed to fund a second speaking tour of England for George. At the organisation's first","psg_id":"13733444"},{"title":"Shopping in Seoul","text":"Gangbyeon Station. There is also an electronic shopping centre located in Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, accessible from exit 3 Nambu Bus Terminal Station. Shopping in Seoul Seoul, South Korea has many shopping areas and markets throughout the city, such as the fashions of Myeong-dong, the luxury of Cheongdam-dong, the indie and vintage of Hongdae area, or the whole-sale of Dongdaemun and Namdaemun markets. The largest market is the Dongdaemun Market, which supplies stocks to thousands of retail fashion shops around the whole of Korea. Near Dongdaemun market are several large mall complexes that specialize in fashion goods of all sorts, from formal","psg_id":"11937494"},{"title":"Shopping in Seoul","text":"Shopping in Seoul Seoul, South Korea has many shopping areas and markets throughout the city, such as the fashions of Myeong-dong, the luxury of Cheongdam-dong, the indie and vintage of Hongdae area, or the whole-sale of Dongdaemun and Namdaemun markets. The largest market is the Dongdaemun Market, which supplies stocks to thousands of retail fashion shops around the whole of Korea. Near Dongdaemun market are several large mall complexes that specialize in fashion goods of all sorts, from formal attire to casual, and from clothes to all kinds of accessories including bags and belts. Some of these are Migliore, Hello","psg_id":"11937486"},{"title":"Baseball in South Korea","text":"Baseball in South Korea Baseball is believed to have been introduced to Korea in 1905 by American missionaries during the Korean Empire, after which it gradually attained prominence. It is one of the most popular sports in the country. There are 10 pro teams in the Korea Baseball Organization. Baseball season runs from March to October. American missionaries brought baseball to Korea in the 19th century. In 1896, US Marines played exhibitions against teams of Americans expatriates and the Seoul Athletic Club. The sport flourished in the period of Japanese rule. On December 1921, a team of American Major League","psg_id":"14505620"},{"title":"Land value tax in the United States","text":"to 2001 when a countywide property reassessment led to a drastic increase in assessed land values during 2001 after years of underassessment, and the system was abandoned in favor of the traditional single-rate property tax. The tax on land in Pittsburgh was about 5.77 times the tax on improvements. Notwithstanding the change in 2001, the Pittsburgh Downtown Partnership Business Improvement District employed a pure land value taxation as a surcharge on the regular property tax from 1997 to 2016. In 2000, Florenz Plassmann and Nicolaus Tideman wrote that when comparing Pennsylvania cities using a higher tax rate on land value","psg_id":"13128495"},{"title":"Seoul Korea Temple","text":"in which to build an LDS temple. After considering several locations, Packer eventually chose the property which the church had purchased almost two decades earlier. In 1981 the announcement was made for a temple in Seoul. Gordon B. Hinckley, of the church's First Presidency, dedicated the Seoul Korea Temple on December 14, 1985. The temple walls feature Korean granite with six white spires. A traditional, tiled \"hundred-year roof\" gives the temple a uniquely Korean appearance. Inside, the temple is decorated with delicate brush paintings, intricate wooden molding, silk wall coverings, gold leaf, dome chandeliers, and white lacquer furniture inlaid with","psg_id":"7946418"},{"title":"Rail transport in South Korea","text":"seaport (Busan); the second is the Honam Line (호남선), which branches off the Gyeongbu Line at Daejeon, and ends at Gwangju or Mokpo. The following is a table of major railway lines in South Korea: There is no railway service on Jeju Island. Frequent service is provided on most routes, with trains every 15–60 minutes connecting Seoul to all major South Korean cities. Seven classes of train operate as of March 2016: South Korea's six largest cities—Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon and Incheon—all have subway systems. Seoul Metropolitan Subway is the oldest system in the country, with the Seoul Station-Cheongnyangni","psg_id":"8850689"},{"title":"In the Name of Identity","text":"universal values of identity, which he dissects, describes the extremes, then applies them to the Levant. He tries to describe how the average modern Arab feels, along a wide spectrum of ideologies in practice throughout the Arab world...from religious beliefs and traditional practices to total secularism. The book also sheds light on recent events in the Arab world, from civil wars to relations with the west. In the Name of Identity In the Name of Identity: Violence and the Need to Belong is a 1998 book by Amin Maalouf. In this work, Maalouf discusses the identity crisis which Arabs have","psg_id":"10071712"},{"title":"Seoul 1945","text":"thwarted due to his political ideology. \"Seoul 1945\" takes place during turbulent times in Korea, spanning from the end of the Japanese occupation to the eventual split of the country into North and South. The story revolves around the lives of four young adults who grew up together. Choi Woon-hyuk (Ryu Soo-young) is a child prodigy born into a family of poor miners; Kim Hae-kyung (Han Eun-jung) is the eldest daughter of tenant farmers; Lee Dong-woo (Kim Ho-jin) is the heir to a wealthy, well-connected family; and Moon Suk-kyung (So Yoo-jin) is the only child of an affluent and powerful","psg_id":"10536933"},{"title":"Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest","text":"rather relied on crop rotation, fallowing, and silt deposit from rainwater runoff. Fire was sometimes used to clear and fertilize land with ash. They transported water in large pottery jugs for hand watering of garden plots. Agriculture at the lower elevations of the Southwest is difficult without irrigation as precipitation is sparse and unreliable. Higher elevations, about , may have greater precipitation but also have cooler temperatures, shorter growing seasons, and less fertile soils. In either case agriculture was a challenge. The agricultural strategies used by ancient Southwestern farmers included: \"seed selection, fallowing fields, planting in different locations, staggering the","psg_id":"16628769"},{"title":"Islam in Korea","text":"3,000 Muslims in North Korea in 2010, up from 1,000 in 1990. The Iranian embassy in Pyongyang hosts Ar-Rahman Mosque. Islam in Korea In South Korea, Islam (이슬람교) is a minority religion. The Muslim community is centered on Seoul and there are a few mosques around the country. According to the Korea Muslim Federation, there are about 100,000 Muslims living in South Korea, both Koreans and foreigners. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has hosted an Iftar dinner during the month of Ramadan every year since 2004. During the middle to late 7th century, Muslim traders had traversed from the Caliphate","psg_id":"4538028"},{"title":"Prostitution in the Americas","text":"receive greater public attention due to the high incidence of HIV/AIDS among prostitutes. Prostitution in the country is separated into three types: \"uptown\", servicing affluent clients, \"downtown\", servicing the working classes, and mining sites. Prostitution is legal for persons over the age of 18, but related activities such as brothel keeping are prohibited. Prostitution is common in the country. Brothels are also common, even some rural villages have a small bar/brothel on the outskirts. Whilst there is no red-light district in the capital, Asunción, street prostitution is widespread in the city centre, especially around Plaza Uruguaya. Brothels are also common","psg_id":"18482383"},{"title":"Islam in Korea","text":"Islam in Korea In South Korea, Islam (이슬람교) is a minority religion. The Muslim community is centered on Seoul and there are a few mosques around the country. According to the Korea Muslim Federation, there are about 100,000 Muslims living in South Korea, both Koreans and foreigners. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has hosted an Iftar dinner during the month of Ramadan every year since 2004. During the middle to late 7th century, Muslim traders had traversed from the Caliphate to Tang China and established contact with Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In 751, a Chinese general","psg_id":"4538012"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Guro District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Guro District, Seoul Guro District (Guro-gu) is a district of Seoul, South Korea, which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1, 1980. Located in the southwestern part of the city, where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads, land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country. The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon. In addition, Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1, 2, and 7, and major highways intersect in Guro District. The name Guro originates from the legend\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9201616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"made widely known, and found acceptance both in town and country\\\". The Liberty and Property League was formed in an attempt to counter the ELRL's ideas, while the Land Nationalisation Society worked closely with the ELRL. In 1902 the ELRL changed its name—\\\"which involved no change of front nor change of principles\\\"—to the English League for the Taxation of Land Values. The League was a constituent part (as one of the three national members), and 1907 founder, of the United Committee for the Taxation of Land Values, which became the Henry George Foundation: as co-organiser of the 1926 International Conference\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13733447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"the public and parliamentary debate surrounding the Land Values (Scotland) Bill at the turn of the twentieth century. That Bill was initiated at the League’s request, and intended to be prototype UK legislation. Viscount Ridley, speaking in the House of Lords in 1908 (before the reforming 1911 Parliament Act), at the second reading of the ill-starred Bill, claimed that:Behind this Bill is the Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values, and the real support that the Bill gets is from gentlemen who think it would be to the advantage of this country to tax all land values out of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13744312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Seoul Institute\",\n \"text\": \"The Seoul Institute The Seoul Institute (SI) is the official think tank for Seoul, the capital of South Korea. It was established in 1992 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government as The Seoul Development Institute (SDI), and its name was changed to The Seoul Institute on August 1, 2012. The Seoul Institute aims \\\"to upgrade SMG's policies and to improve the quality of life of Seoul citizens through professional research\\\". Utilizing their in-depth understanding of municipal administration, expertise in policy area in charge, and vast knowledge of overseas cases, SI's researchers support the policy-making processes of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. According\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18687699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"the Taxation of Land Values. This is what it says: \\\"The present proposals of the Chancellor of the Exchequer will penalise the landowners who are putting their land to the best possible use just as much as it punishes the owners who are holding land idle, or making a partial use of it. This in itself condemns the present proposals, and marks the scheme as a political stunt “. The Scottish League has been actively involved in Glasgow City Council’s 2009 initiative to reform local taxation on the basis of land values. The Scottish League was one-time proprietor (1904–1907) of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13744315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jung District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Jung District, Seoul Jung District (), is one of the 25 \\\"gu\\\" which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. It is located north of the Han River, and as its name implies, is the historical city center of Seoul. Located in the heart of Seoul, Jung District is an area with a variety of old and new. It is a center of modernity, where facilities such as high rise office buildings, department stores and shopping malls are clustered together, and also a center of tradition, where valuable historic sites such as Deoksugung and Namdaemun can be found. Located\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9201679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Land\",\n \"text\": \"Seoul Land Seoul Land is an amusement park opened in 1987, in Gwacheon, a city in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea. It is located in the Seoul Grand Park complex. It opened just before the 1988 Summer Olympics. It has about 40 rides, including roller coasters, and movie theaters. Seasonal festivals are held in the park. It is smaller than Everland, but closer to Seoul, about one hour away from downtown. Approximately 3–3.5 million people visit the park in a year. Roughly a third of its 300,000 m is green space, the rest being packed with the attractions. Seoul Land, Seoul\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15854491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transportation in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"4500 won for the first three kilometers and are metered at 200 won every 164 meters. Their name could also be translated as \\\"Model Taxi\\\" as their service should be an example of what a proper taxi is. Deluxe taxis do not have nightly surcharges. Seoul city council announced Seoul Taxi will be repainted. They selected colour called Seoul Orange; look like similar orange or mud yellow. They are going to complete the painting until 2016. Seoul is connected to every major city in South Korea by railroad. Seoul is also linked to most major Korean cities by the KTX\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10424771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Land\",\n \"text\": \"of the rides are themed with popular animation characters, such as Larva. Seoul Land hosts a variety of temporary exhibits. These have included: Seoul Land Seoul Land is an amusement park opened in 1987, in Gwacheon, a city in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea. It is located in the Seoul Grand Park complex. It opened just before the 1988 Summer Olympics. It has about 40 rides, including roller coasters, and movie theaters. Seasonal festivals are held in the park. It is smaller than Everland, but closer to Seoul, about one hour away from downtown. Approximately 3–3.5 million people visit the park\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15854493\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"the modern periodical \\\"Land&Liberty\\\", published then under the title \\\"Land Values\\\". Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values The Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values is an independent national campaigning organisation that advocates radical reform of Scotland's system of taxation. Known as The Scottish League, the organisation advances the programme of the nineteenth-century American social reformer Henry George. The League publishes books and other material, and is a participant in the ongoing public debate over the future of Scotland’s land and tax system. The Scottish League was constituted in 1890, emerging out of the complex reorganisation that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13744316\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Eight Gates of Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"The Eight Gates of Seoul The Eight Gates of Seoul are eight historical gates that were located in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon Dynasty. Six of these gates exist today (2018). All eight gates were originally built between 1396 and 1398. The Eight Gates were based roughly in the four cardinal and four intermediate directions of the compass. Of the eight gates, the North, South, East, and West were known as the “Four Great Gates” (사대문), while the Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest gates were known as the “Four Small Gates”\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16593865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Embassy of the United States, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood. Current plans call for a new Chancery to be built on land to be relinquished by the U.S. Army leaving the Yongsan Garrison south of downtown Seoul, but still north of the Han River. The U.S. Embassy in Seoul has traditionally played a key and prominent role in South Korea politics. Issues such as the ever-present danger from North Korea, the presence of U.S. troops in South Korea, and the deference of South Korea to the U.S. have been factors that lead to such importance. Increasingly the U.S Embassy has been the focus of demonstrations in Seoul. Whenever a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9289042\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"Committee for the Taxation of Land Values Ltd and the International Union for Land Value Taxation and Free Trade. English League for the Taxation of Land Values The English League for the Taxation of Land Values was a Georgist political group. It was a historic precursor of two present-day reform bodies: the international umbrella organisation the IU and the UK think tank the Henry George Foundation. The object of the League wasthe taxation for national and local purposes of the 'unimproved value of the land', ie the value of the land apart from the buildings or other improvements in or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13733449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"constantly in flux, due to the rotation of U.S. military personnel in the country. While the soldiers have a Jewish chaplain at the Yongsan Army Base, their services are restricted and off-limits to most civilians. At this time, there are no Jewish schools. Israel has full diplomatic relations with South Korea, and the sizable Christian population in the country also keeps ties strong between the countries. In August 2005, the Jerusalem Summit promoting Christian support for Israel was held in Seoul. In contrast, neighboring North Korea has no known Jews within its borders. In April 2008, the first Chabad House\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11625841\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values The Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values is an independent national campaigning organisation that advocates radical reform of Scotland's system of taxation. Known as The Scottish League, the organisation advances the programme of the nineteenth-century American social reformer Henry George. The League publishes books and other material, and is a participant in the ongoing public debate over the future of Scotland’s land and tax system. The Scottish League was constituted in 1890, emerging out of the complex reorganisation that year of the Scottish Land Restoration League. It campaigned vigorously during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13744311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"was established in Seoul under direction of Rabbi Osher Litzman, accompanied by his wife, Mussia Litzman. As there were no synagogues in the country, Jews in Korea would have to go to the U.S. Army base for Shabbat meals and holiday services. Chabad.org news service reported that the Israeli ambassador to South Korea asked three visiting Lubavitch yeshiva students to help arrange for permanent Chabad emissaries. Though very few South Koreans are interested in Judaism as a religion, philo-Semitism is prevalent among the South Korean population as they reportedly hope to emulate Jews' high academic standards by studying books derived\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11625842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"English League for the Taxation of Land Values The English League for the Taxation of Land Values was a Georgist political group. It was a historic precursor of two present-day reform bodies: the international umbrella organisation the IU and the UK think tank the Henry George Foundation. The object of the League wasthe taxation for national and local purposes of the 'unimproved value of the land', ie the value of the land apart from the buildings or other improvements in or upon it. The League actively support[ed] all proposals in Parliament for separate valuation of land, and for making land\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13733443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Korea Times\",\n \"text\": \"internationally and ultimately to produce a Nobel literature laureate from Korea. The Korea Times published The Seoul Olympian in 1988, the official newspaper of the 1988 Summer Olympics. The Korea Times The Korea Times is the oldest of three English-language newspapers published daily in South Korea. It is a sister paper of the \\\"Hankook Ilbo\\\", a major Korean language daily. It is not to be confused with the Korean-language newspaper of the same name based in Los Angeles, USA catering to the Korean-American community. Two previous newspapers bore the name \\\"The Korea Times\\\". Former President Kim Dae-jung famously taught himself\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2588991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Korea Temple\",\n \"text\": \"mother of pearl. After the temple was dedicated, a subway system was built in conjunction with the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The system included a line that ended right at the base of the hill upon which the temple was built, making the temple even more accessible for LDS Church members. The temple is located near what is today Sinchon Station on the Seoul Subway Line 2. This station is located near four major South Korean universities: Yonsei University, Hongik University, Ewha Womans University, and Sogang University. The Seoul Korea Temple has a total of , four ordinance rooms,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7946419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jung District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"here is the Gwangtonggwan, the oldest continuously-operating bank building in Korea. It was registered as one of city's protected monuments on March 5, 2001. In addition, together with cultural sites as Myeongdong Cathedral and the Bank of Korea Museum, there are famous landmarks of Seoul such as N Seoul Tower on Namsan mountain in Jung District. And Myeongdong is one of the most famous shopping areas in South Korea, and is one of favorite tourist destinations. Jung District is one of the most significant business cores of Seoul. Notable companies based in Jung District include Hanhwa, Shinsegae, Hanjin, Doosan Corporation,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9201680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Subway Line 1\",\n \"text\": \"Seoul Subway Line 1 Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a commuter rail service which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Sinchang via Suwon and Cheonan in the south. The central underground portion of this rail line is the oldest subway section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system; the entire rail line covers a large part of the Seoul Capital Area. The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni Station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 (), is currently operated by Seoul Metro. The line\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3748842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?\",\n \"text\": \"of which was good and some bad. The king set riddles to them: whoever guessed the riddles would get good land. The first riddle was what was the fastest thing in the world. The stupid brother's daughter told him what to say; his brother guessed a bird or a horse, and the stupid brother said the mind. The second riddle was what was the heaviest thing in the world; the clever brother guessed stone or iron, and the stupid brother repeated his daughter's answer: fire because no one could lift it. The third was what was the most important thing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9686492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brazilians in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"2012 with a Brazilian Cultural Programme titled \\\"Seoul of Brazil\\\", a three-day event which marks the 50th anniversary of Korean immigration to Brazil. Brazilians in South Korea There is a community of Brazilians in South Korea consisting of immigrants (mostly Korean Brazilian returnees) and expatriates (mostly footballers) from Brazil. In total there are estimated to be about 400 or 500 families of Brazilians living in South Korea. Since the late 1980s, the economic situations of Korean Brazilians have slowly deteriorated. Many successful Koreans who accumulated sufficient wealth abandoned Brazil to look for economic opportunities elsewhere. Some non-affluent Koreans who failed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16552046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military\",\n \"text\": \"Korea (ROK) and are punishable under the USA's Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). According to United States Forces Korea's policy, \\\"Hiring prostitutes is incompatible with our military core values.\\\" In the Allied-occupied Korea, between 1950 and 2007, the total number of women amounted to over one million in all South Korea. Some women chose to become prostitutes. Prostitutes for U.S. soldiers were esteemed to be at the bottom of the social hierarchy by South Koreans, they were also lowest status within the hierarchy of prostitution. In September 1945, United States Armed Forces occupied Korea, including Imperial Japanese comfort stations.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17208024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"each other by the AREX to Seoul Station. Intercity bus services are available to various destinations around the country. Cycling is becoming increasingly popular in Seoul and in the entire country. Both banks of the Han River have cycling paths that run all the way across the city along the river. In addition, Seoul introduced in 2015 a bicycle-sharing system named Ddareungi (and named Seoul Bike in English). Seoul is home to the majority of South Korea's most prestigious universities, including Seoul National University, Yonsei University, Korea University. Seoul ranked 10th on the QS Best Student Cities 2018. Compulsory education\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12416084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Korea Herald\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Korea Herald\\\" began to publish 20 pages daily. In 2004, Herald Media won the right to manage the Seoul English Village, an English language immersion school set up by the Seoul Metropolitan City government. Later that year, \\\"The Junior Herald\\\", an English-language newspaper for preteens, was launched. \\\"The Korea Herald\\\" launched a book series in 2007 to mark the 20th anniversary of the civilian uprising in June 1987, which put Korea on a path to democracy. The purpose of the project was to present a comprehensive analysis of Korean society's transformation during the past two decades. \\\"The Korea Herald\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6987977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \\\"Folktales of Greece\\\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \\\"Riddles Wisely Expounded\\\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9686491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Affluent Society\",\n \"text\": \"with another appeal to the importance and need for investment in educating people: The Affluent Society The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith. The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post–World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities. The book sparked much public discussion at the time. It is also credited with popularizing the term \\\"conventional wisdom\\\". Many of the ideas presented were later expanded and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7193184\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guro District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"City of Global Cities Dialogue (GCD) for the Asian Region, Guro District has also participated at the World e-Gov Forum as the guest of honour and Mayor Yang gave a speech during the Opening Ceremony. Also, a close sister relationship with Issy-les-Moulineaux created the Guro Esplanade in Issy and hoisted the flag of South Korea in front of the City Hall of Issy-les-Moulineaux. Guro District hosted the e-Participation Forum from February 7 to February 9, 2007 with the participation of 700 people from more than 37 countries. Guro District, Seoul Guro District (Guro-gu) is a district of Seoul, South Korea,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9201637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jung District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Air had its headquarters in Jung District. Jung District is the center of Seoul. Because this, historically it was a fitting place for many scholars who stayed in Seoul to discuss and pursue crucial academic or political subjects during the Joseon Dynasty. The National Human Rights Commission of Korea has its headquarters in the Gumsegi Building in Jung District. The Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) formerly had its headquarters in the S1 Building in Sunhwa-dong, Jung District. The offices of the KMST are now in Sejong City. International schools include: Jung District, Seoul Jung District (), is one of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9201683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sports in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Sports in Seoul Seoul is a major center for sports in South Korea. Its professional sports teams compete in football (soccer), baseball, basketball, volleyball. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games, commonly known as Asiad, 1988 Olympic Games, and Paralympic Games. It also served as one of the host cities of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Seoul World Cup Stadium hosted the opening ceremony and first game of the tournament. Seoul has greatest number of professional sports teams and facilities in South Korea. In the history of South Korean major professional sports league championships which include the K League, KBO League,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19737530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Embassy of the United States, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Embassy of the United States, Seoul The Embassy of the United States in Seoul is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), in the capital city of Seoul. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and South Korea–United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Korea is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to South Korea. The United States has had diplomatic relations with Korea, with interruption, since the late 1870s. Korean government relations with nations not aligned with Qing China were more or less unknown and not welcome before that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9289034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Livestock in the Basque Country\",\n \"text\": \"utilize natural local resources more efficiently throughout the entire year. Fences are not widely used to guide or contain livestock, so the natural countryside remains fairly untouched in that regard. This lack of physical barriers is generally unproblematic, although the potential utility of fences has been pointed out in cases in which non-agricultural social activities have crossed the boundaries of grazing land. Overall, the presence of grazing livestock in Basque prairies and mountains helps to keep the ecosystem in balance. Livestock in the Basque Country The business of livestock farming is prominent in the Basque Country (Spain). The climate of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17622917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"Land Values Land Values was the monthly newspaper precursor of the contemporary magazine \\\"Land&Liberty\\\". The periodical started life in June 1894 as \\\"The Single Tax\\\", changing its name to \\\"Land Values\\\" in June 1902. The first issue of \\\"Land Values\\\" announced that: \\\"though the name is changed to suit the requirements of the present political situation - a situation the paper has done its best to create - we leave our readers to judge whether we swerve from the principle and policy hitherto advocated, namely, that the value of the land is the reflex of the presence and industry of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13638170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gangseo District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Gangseo District, Seoul Gangseo District (Gangseo-gu) (Hangul: 강서구, Hanja: 江西區, ) is one of the 25 wards (\\\"gu\\\") of Seoul, South Korea. It is located on the south side of the Han River. Gimpo Airport is in Gonghang-dong, where many flights fly to cities like Busan, Jeju, and Gwangju. The Korea Airports Corporation headquarters, Korean Air's headquarters, Korean Airport Service, Ltd., and Air Total Service are located in Gonghang-dong in Gangseo District. Asiana Airlines's headquarters are located in Asiana Town in Osoe-dong, Gangseo District. Jin Air has its headquarters in Deungchon-dong, Gangseo District. Eastarjet has its headquarters in Banghwa 2-dong.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9423430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Education in the Joseon dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"Education in the Joseon dynasty Education in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea was largely aimed at preparing students for government service. The ultimate goal of most students was successful passage of the state examinations, known as \\\"gwageo\\\". Educational institutions were extremely widespread in the country, and can be divided into public and private. The highest public institution was the Seonggyungwan, located in Seoul. Below this were the \\\"Sahak\\\" (사부학당), four schools providing technical training, and the \\\"hyanggyo\\\", schools supported by each of the Eight Provinces. The \\\"hyanggyo\\\" soon fell into neglect, and for most of the Joseon period education was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5048599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"century remain\\\". \\\"Land&Liberty\\\" magazine continues to be published by a successor of the UCTLV. Land Values Land Values was the monthly newspaper precursor of the contemporary magazine \\\"Land&Liberty\\\". The periodical started life in June 1894 as \\\"The Single Tax\\\", changing its name to \\\"Land Values\\\" in June 1902. The first issue of \\\"Land Values\\\" announced that: \\\"though the name is changed to suit the requirements of the present political situation - a situation the paper has done its best to create - we leave our readers to judge whether we swerve from the principle and policy hitherto advocated, namely, that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13638173\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military\",\n \"text\": \"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military During and following the Korean War, prostitutes in South Korea were frequently used by the U.S. military. Prostitutes servicing members of the U.S. military in South Korea have been known locally under a variety of terms. Yankee princess (—also translated as Western princess) is a common name and literal meaning for the prostitutes in the \\\"Gijichon\\\", U.S. military Camp Towns in South Korea. Yankee whore ( \\\"Yanggalbo\\\") and Western whore are also common names. The women are also referred to as U.N. madams (, \\\"U.N. madam\\\"). Juicy girls is a common name\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17208021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gangseo District, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"The Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (ARAIB) FDR/CVR Analysis and Wreckage Laboratory is on the property of Gimpo International Airport in Gwahae-dong, Gangseo District. Previously the ARAIB had its headquarters in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo District. The ARAIB headquarters are now in Sejong City. Gangseo District, Seoul Gangseo District (Gangseo-gu) (Hangul: 강서구, Hanja: 江西區, ) is one of the 25 wards (\\\"gu\\\") of Seoul, South Korea. It is located on the south side of the Han River. Gimpo Airport is in Gonghang-dong, where many flights fly to cities like Busan, Jeju, and Gwangju. The Korea Airports Corporation headquarters, Korean Air's headquarters,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9423431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Are the Best!\",\n \"text\": \"Restaurant and co-worker with his manager Young-hoon. <br> <br> In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will in be red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue. Sources: TNmS Media Korea & AGB Nielsen Korea Global Youth League DN filed an injunction in Seoul Central District Court against broadcaster KBS for using the name \\\"Lee Soon-shin\\\" in the title of the drama. The injunction requested that the broadcast be halted immediately, that \\\"Lee Soon-shin\\\" be removed from the title, and that the character's name be changed. The group claimed that historical figure Lee\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17119970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Football in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"football team at Paichai Academy in Seoul (currently Paichai High School FC), There was a footballing boom throughout the Korea. that saw many football clubs and school teams formed by the 1910s. Also in Seoul, many famous football clubs like Bulgyo Cheongnyeonhoe (불교청년회, Buddhist Youth Club), Geongang Gurakbu (건강구락부, Health Club) and Joseon Football Culb (조선축구단) were founded between the 1910s and 1920s, and they usually had a rivalry against football clubs in Pyongyang, the second biggest city in Korea. In 1933 Kyungsung FC, named according to Seoul's alternate name, was formed and it was the only Korean club which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13559164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Affluent Society\",\n \"text\": \"The Affluent Society The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith. The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post–World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities. The book sparked much public discussion at the time. It is also credited with popularizing the term \\\"conventional wisdom\\\". Many of the ideas presented were later expanded and refined in Galbraith's 1967 book, \\\"The New Industrial State\\\". Former U.S. Secretary of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7193182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure\",\n \"text\": \"The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure is a 1994 American direct-to-video animated action-adventure musical film directed by Roy Allen Smith, and a sequel to the 1988 American-Irish animated film \\\"The Land Before Time\\\", which is produced by Amblin Entertainment and Sullivan Bluth Studios. It was released six years after the original, and was the first in the series to be a direct-to-video production. \\\"The Great Valley Adventure\\\" is also the first \\\"The Land Before Time\\\" direct-to-video film to be animated overseas by AKOM in Seoul, South Korea. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5641310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Radio jamming in Korea\",\n \"text\": \"(KBS1) as well as VHF ch. 7 (KBS2) in Seoul which may be North Korean jamming; the two analogue TV channels were discontinued as of 31 December 2012. This jamming is not very effective. Due to electricity shortages in North Korea, radio jamming activities are not consistent and are sometimes interrupted by power failures. A group by the name of Free North Korea Radio conducts numerous activities that focus on providing radio broadcasts to North Koreans. The broadcasts often include instructions on methods to leave the country and the group has contact with underground reporters within North Korea. The group\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10443740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\",\n \"text\": \"did not owe damages. The decision was unusual in a copyright lawsuit because it was made on a motion to dismiss, before summary judgment. The appeal was dismissed by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals on June 7, 2012. Additionally, the district court awarded attorneys' fees to the defendants because the lawsuit was \\\"objectively unreasonable\\\". In January 2013, a behind-the-scenes video was released which showed footage from the original 2006 green screen shoot. What What (In the Butt) \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" is a viral video created by Andrew Swant and Bobby Ciraldo for the song of the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10157830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Eight Gates of Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"for the gates. Official names and spellings are taken from signage currently found at and on the gates themselves. Note that Hanja is read right-to-left at times, and left-to right at other times. Thus, the character for \\\"gate\\\" (\\\"mun\\\", 門) may appear either on the left or right side of actual signboards. The Eight Gates of Seoul The Eight Gates of Seoul are eight historical gates that were located in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon Dynasty. Six of these gates exist today (2018). All eight gates were originally built between 1396\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16593868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreigners in Korea\",\n \"text\": \"and dubbing. Multi-genre performers such as Canadian Jesse Day, Kelly Frances, Stephen Revere, French DJ-actor Julian Quintart, and French performer-model-MC Fabien Yoon contribute through content, voice and live performances. Singer-actress Samia Mounts is credited for her role in Pokemon and American-Korean voice acting, having spent her youth in Korea. Ih the classical music genre, Dr. Ryan Goessl has built the Camarata Music Company, one of the world’s most diverse music organizations, in Seoul. The organization, which boasts members from 97 different countries, can be seen in concert up to 40 times per year. Dr. Goessl can also be seen performing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15168313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Jews in South Korea The first sizable Jewish presence in Korea was during the Korean War, when hundreds of Jewish soldiers participated in the American-led effort to repel a communist attempt to control the whole peninsula. Among the participants was Chaim Potok, who served as a chaplain. His experiences in Korea led to the book, \\\"The Book of Lights and I am the Clay\\\". Most of the Jewish community in South Korea resides in Seoul. The community is mostly U.S. military personnel and their families, business people, English-language journalists and teachers, and tourists. The Jewish population is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11625840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Korea Herald\",\n \"text\": \"has thus far published eight books under this series: \\\"Insight into Korea\\\", \\\"Social Change in Korea\\\", \\\"Political Change in Korea\\\", \\\"A New National Strategy for Korea\\\", \\\"Korean Wave\\\", \\\"Big Bang in Capital Market\\\", \\\"Financial Industry at a Crossroads\\\" and \\\"Insight into Dokdo\\\". The Korea Herald The Korea Herald is a daily English-language newspaper founded in 1953 and published in Seoul, South Korea. The editorial staff is composed of Korean and international writers and editors, with additional news coverage drawn from international news agencies such as the Associated Press. \\\"The Korea Herald\\\" is operated by Herald Corporation. Herald Corporation also publishes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6987978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Football in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Football in Seoul Football is one of the most popular sports, both in terms of participants and spectators, in Seoul. Seoul had several of South Korea's leading football clubs and biggest football stadium - Seoul World Cup Stadium. In June 1882, although the crew from of the Royal Navy introduced the football in Port of Incheon, Regularized football introduction was the time of adoption of football as physical education course at in 1904 and the first official match in Korea was the game between Korea Sports Club and Korea YMCA at Seoul Dongdaemun Stadium in 1905. In 1902, establishment of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13559163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul City Hall\",\n \"text\": \"I can recall comfortable feelings of old things.\\\" In 2012, the new City Hall was opened to the public on 27 August and the city government moved in on 1 September. The project, which took four years and five months to complete, also includes multipurpose halls and cultural facilities for citizens. The old building, registered as a cultural asset, has been converted into a library, and boasts a collection of more than 200,000 books. Seoul City Hall Seoul City Hall is a governmental building for the Seoul Metropolitan Government in South Korea, in charge of the administrative affairs of Seoul.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11769293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"country, with several Fortune Global 500 companies, including Samsung, SK Holdings, Hyundai, POSCO and LG Group headquartered there. Seoul was the host city of the 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics as well as one of the venues of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Seoul is in the northwest of South Korea. Seoul proper comprises , with a radius of approximately , roughly bisected into northern and southern halves by the Han River. The Han River and its surrounding area played an important role in Korean history. The Three Kingdoms of Korea strove to take control of this land,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12416043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tourism in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Tourism in South Korea Tourism in South Korea refers to the tourist industry in the Republic of Korea. In 2012, 11.1 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 20th most visited country in the world, and the 6th most visited in Asia. Most non-Korean tourists come from Japan, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The recent popularity of Korean popular culture, often known as the \\\"Korean Wave\\\", in these countries has increased tourist arrivals. Seoul is the principal tourist destination for visitors; popular tourist destinations outside of Seoul include Seorak-san national park, the historic city of Gyeongju and subtropical\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7458887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"and future Chancellor of the Exchequer, addressed the Commons: Let us consider whether after three weeks of existence this Bill is in a very happy condition…. We must not suppose that the cursing comes only from the critics, who might be thought to be naturally opposed to this system of taxation. I hold in my hand a communication from the Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values. I read it with interest, because we know that if one could look anywhere for the pure milk of the word on this subject it would be to the Scottish League for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13744314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Korea Meteorological Administration\",\n \"text\": \"the Ministry of Environment In 2013, US-based Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) out of Enterprise, Alabama won a contract to deliver 11 S-band Klystron Dual-Polarization Doppler Weather radar systems to the KMA. The radars will be installed across the country as a means of providing for complete weather radar coverage over the entire country. The headquarters is in Daebang-dong, Dongjak District, Seoul. Co-working organs include mainly 5 categories: regional office of KMA, weather stations, observatories and Joint office for Meteorological observation. Korea Meteorological Administration The Korea Meteorological Administration (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; \\\"Kisangcheong\\\") (KMA) is the National Meteorological service of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13547084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Korea Temple\",\n \"text\": \"Seoul Korea Temple The Seoul Korea Temple is the 37th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The first member of the LDS Church in South Korea was baptized in 1951. At that time Korea was in the midst of a war against Communist armies, with the UN intervening. Latter-day Saint servicemen from the United States were the first to bring Mormonism to the area. The first Mormon missionaries arrived in South Korea in 1954. Some years later, church apostle Boyd K. Packer was assigned to travel to South Korea and find a place\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7946417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Addresses in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Addresses in South Korea Addresses in South Korea are used to identify specific locations within the country. South Korea has replaced its land lot-based address system with one based on street names. The switching of the address system is to make it easier for foreigners as well as Koreans to find their destinations. The current official system, the Road Name Address system rolled out on July 29, 2011, uses street names and building numbers, and is similar to the systems used by the United States, Canada, and Europe. The previous system was the land-lot based address, which is also used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13643965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Korea Herald\",\n \"text\": \"The Korea Herald The Korea Herald is a daily English-language newspaper founded in 1953 and published in Seoul, South Korea. The editorial staff is composed of Korean and international writers and editors, with additional news coverage drawn from international news agencies such as the Associated Press. \\\"The Korea Herald\\\" is operated by Herald Corporation. Herald Corporation also publishes \\\"The Herald Business\\\", a Korean-language business daily, \\\"The Junior Herald\\\", an English weekly for teens, \\\"The Campus Herald\\\", a Korean-language weekly for university students. Herald Media is also active in the country's booming English as a foreign language sector, operating a chain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6987974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Purple Land\",\n \"text\": \"The Purple Land The Purple Land is a novel set in 19th century Uruguay by William Henry Hudson, first published in 1885 under the title \\\"The Purple Land that England Lost\\\". Initially a commercial and critical failure, it was reissued in 1904 with the full title \\\"The Purple Land, Being One Richard Lamb's Adventures in the Banda Orientál, in South America, as told by Himself\\\". Towards the end of the novel, the narrator explains the title, \\\"I will call my book \\\"The Purple Land.\\\" For what more suitable name can one find for a country so stained with the blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8263940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transportation in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"terminals. These buses connect Seoul to cities all around Korea. Major bus terminals include Seoul has 21 subway lines that interlink every district of the city with one another and with the surrounding area. The majority of the population now uses the public transportation system due to its convenience and low cost. With more than 8 million passengers a day, Seoul has one of the busiest subway systems in the world. In addition, in order to cope with all of these transportation modes, Seoul's metropolitan government employs several mathematicians to coordinate the subway, bus, and traffic schedules into one timetable.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10424769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Plaza Hotel Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"and Insa-dong. It is also known as a business hotel in a location where domestic and foreign financial institutions and large corporations are concentrated. Since January 2018 , it gained a partnership with Marriott International's luxury lifestyle brand 'Autograph Collection' in Korea. THE PLAZA was opened in October 1976 under the name \\\"Seoul Plaza Hotel\\\" and reopened in November 2010 as a luxury boutique hotel. The renovation of the Plaza was the first and largest full-scale business operation in the hotel industry, including front-facing, all rooms, food service, and lobby. The construction period took six months from May 2010 and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16697858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transport in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Transport in South Korea Transportation in South Korea is provided by extensive networks of railways, highways, bus routes, ferry services and air routes that criss-cross the country. South Korea is the third country in the world to operate a commercial maglev train. Development of modern infrastructure began with the first Five-Year Development Plan (1962–66), which included the construction of 275 kilometers of railways and several small highway projects. Construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway, which connects the two major cities of Seoul and Busan, was completed on 7 July 1970. The 1970s saw increased commitment to infrastructure investments. The third Five-Year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"357297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rice production in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Rice production in South Korea Rice production in South Korea is important for the food supply in the country, with rice being a common part of the Korean diet. In 2009, South Korea produced 3,899,036 metric tonnes (4,297,951 tons) of rice. Rice is the most valuable crop in South Korea. However, as noted by Donald S. Macdonald, rising wage levels and land values have made it expensive to produce. Rice represented about 90 percent of total grain production and over 40 percent of farm income; the 1988 rice crop was 6.5 million tonnes. Rice was the imported in the 1980s,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13170585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\",\n \"text\": \"What What (In the Butt) \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" is a viral video created by Andrew Swant and Bobby Ciraldo for the song of the same name by Samwell. It is known for its numerous camp references to homosexuality and anal sex. The lyrics of the song, a production of Mike Stasny, mostly revolve around the title. The video was made in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and uploaded on Valentine's Day 2007 to YouTube. As of March 2016, the video had over 60 million views. On 5 March 2007, with regard to the Christian imagery in the video, Samwell said, in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10157826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"center is planning at Seoul Olympic stadium complex as MICE HUB by Seoul city. Ex-Kepco head office building was purchased by Hyundai motor group with 9billion USD to build 115-storey Hyundai GBC & hotel complex until 2021. Now ex-kepco 25-storey building is under demolition. Seoul has been described as the world's \\\"most wired city\\\", ranked first in technology readiness by PwC's \\\"Cities of Opportunity\\\" report. Seoul has a very technologically advanced infrastructure. Seoul is among the world leaders in Internet connectivity, being the capital of South Korea, which has the world's highest fibre-optic broadband penetration and highest global average internet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12416058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rice production in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"and storage, has accumulated a large stockpile of rice. Rice production in South Korea Rice production in South Korea is important for the food supply in the country, with rice being a common part of the Korean diet. In 2009, South Korea produced 3,899,036 metric tonnes (4,297,951 tons) of rice. Rice is the most valuable crop in South Korea. However, as noted by Donald S. Macdonald, rising wage levels and land values have made it expensive to produce. Rice represented about 90 percent of total grain production and over 40 percent of farm income; the 1988 rice crop was 6.5\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13170587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul E-Land FC\",\n \"text\": \"2016, the club appointed Park Kun-ha as head coach. He resigned on 9 January 2017 and was replaced by Kim Byung-soo. Seoul E-Land FC Seoul E-Land FC () is South Korean professional football club based in Seoul which plays in the K League 2 (second division). Seoul E-Land was announced as the league's second football club based in Seoul on April 14, 2014. This club is owned by E-Land Group and plays at the Seoul Olympic Stadium. On 14 April 2014, E-Land Group officially announced the foundation of a professional football club based in Seoul. On 17 July 2014, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17981195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul E-Land FC\",\n \"text\": \"Seoul E-Land FC Seoul E-Land FC () is South Korean professional football club based in Seoul which plays in the K League 2 (second division). Seoul E-Land was announced as the league's second football club based in Seoul on April 14, 2014. This club is owned by E-Land Group and plays at the Seoul Olympic Stadium. On 14 April 2014, E-Land Group officially announced the foundation of a professional football club based in Seoul. On 17 July 2014, the club appointed former Vancouver Whitecaps manager Martin Rennie as head coach. He was sacked on 15 June 2016. On 24 June\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17981194\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military\",\n \"text\": \"rescue her family. Lee Moon-yul is depicted in \\\"What Crashes, Has Wings\\\" (1988). \\\"Camp Arirang\\\" is a 1995 documentary that claims one million females had been involved in prostitution up until 1995. Until the early 1990s, the term Prostitutes (comfort women) was used to include people who were prostitutes to soldiers. Today, there is a debate about whether it is appropriate to express comfort women as comfort women by saying comfort women as a means of forced mobilization to the state. Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military During and following the Korean War, prostitutes in South Korea were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17208053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yeongdeungpo District\",\n \"text\": \"Yeongdeungpo District Yeongdeungpo District (Yeongdeungpo-gu) is an administrative district in southwest Seoul, South Korea. Although the origin of the name is uncertain, the first two syllables are thought to be from \\\"\\\"yeongdeung\\\"\\\" (靈登) or \\\"divine ascent\\\", a shamanic rite. The third syllable is \\\"\\\"po\\\"\\\", representing the bank of a river (浦), referring to the district's position on the Han River. The 2006 population was 408,819. The current magistrate is Kim Hyung-Su. There are 22 administrative \\\"dong\\\" and 34 legal \\\"dong\\\". Yeouido-dong is the largest in area and takes up about 34% of the land. The total area is 24.56 km²\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7331325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Embassy of the United States, Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"mission in Seoul was shut down. A U.S. embassy was not again established in Korea until the end of World War II, after the Allied forces defeated the Japanese. American and Soviet forces took control of Korea from the Japanese. The Americans set up an American military government in Seoul in the South, and while the Soviets set up a government in Pyongyang in the north. The U.S. recognized the government in Seoul in 1948, the same year North Korea was recognized by the Soviets. From 1948 the American embassy operated out of a leased hotel building. When North Korean\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9289037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"over to the United Committee for the Taxation of Land Values. In its seventeen years of publication, ninety-six issues of the periodical appeared (nos. 97 to 300, in twelve volumes, vols. IX to XX (part)). In 1919 (its twenty-fifth year from launch of \\\"The Single Tax\\\") the publication changed its name to \\\"Land&Liberty (incorporating Land Values)\\\" - with the suffix dropped in January 1924 - the new title to \\\"bring it more into line with the new forces and aspirations making for social justice and freedom. The name changes, but the principle and policy argued for a quarter of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13638172\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"spring, summer, autumn, and winter in Seoul, South Korea since 2003. It is based on the \\\"Seoul Citizens' Day\\\" held on every October since 1994 to commemorate the 600 years history of Seoul as the capital of the country. The festival is arranged under the Seoul Metropolitan Government. , Seoul has hosted Ultra Music Festival Korea, an annual dance music festival that takes place on the 2nd weekend of June. Despite the city's population density, Seoul has a large quantity of parks. One of the most famous parks is Namsan Park, which offers recreational hiking and views of the downtown\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12416074\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sports in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"KBL, V-League, Seoul had multiple championships in a season 2 times, 1990 K League 1 Lucky-Goldstar FC (currently FC Seoul) and KBO League LG Twins in 1990, K League 1 FC Seoul and KBO League Doosan Bears in 2016 Seoul's most popular football club is FC Seoul. Recently, FC Seoul finished as a runner-up in 2013 AFC Champions League. Sports in Seoul Seoul is a major center for sports in South Korea. Its professional sports teams compete in football (soccer), baseball, basketball, volleyball. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games, commonly known as Asiad, 1988 Olympic Games, and Paralympic Games. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19737531\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Korea Temple\",\n \"text\": \"and three sealing rooms. Notable presidents of the temple include Spencer J. Palmer (1988–90) and Han In Sang (1996–2000). As of November 2013, the temple president is Lee Yong-Hwan. Seoul Korea Temple The Seoul Korea Temple is the 37th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The first member of the LDS Church in South Korea was baptized in 1951. At that time Korea was in the midst of a war against Communist armies, with the UN intervening. Latter-day Saint servicemen from the United States were the first to bring Mormonism to the area.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7946420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?\",\n \"text\": \"owner. She called out which was the rightful owner, and the king said she had meddled and must go home. She asked him to eat one last meal with her, and then she drugged it. When he was asleep, she put him in the carriage and went home. When the king woke, she told him she was entitled to him, because she valued him most of everything in the castle. The king took her back to the castle and gave her the right to judge all his affairs. What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9686494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Entire Population of Hackney\",\n \"text\": \"the first show; Bruce Dickinson, Dave Murray and Steve Harris joined the band on stage only for the encores. Their set includes songs from all the members and some covers from Bob Seger and ZZ Top. The result of this short break from Iron Maiden was that three of the songs featured in the setlist would be later used on two Iron Maiden singles. \\\"Reach Out\\\" featured on \\\"Wasted Years\\\" and \\\"Juanita\\\" and \\\"That Girl\\\" featured on \\\"Stranger in a Strange Land\\\". The Entire Population of Hackney The Entire Population of Hackney is the name used for a project featuring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11069197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul National University of Education\",\n \"text\": \"Seoul National University of Education The Seoul National University of Education (SNUE) is a government-run institution which provides training for future public elementary school teachers in South Korea. Founded in May 1946 under the name of Kyunggi Public Regular School, the university is the first national university that specializes in elementary school teacher training. The campus is located in the Seocho-gu district of Seoul, the capital of South Korea. The university offers graduate and undergraduate programs, and has an attached elementary school. The school was originally founded as Kyunggi Public Teacher’s School on May 22nd, 1946. The attached elementary school,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11755030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Name of the Brother\",\n \"text\": \"In the Name of the Brother \\\"In the Name of the Brother\\\" is the 12th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\", and the show's 34th episode overall, which aired on January 20, 2013. In this episode Dr. Whale has to face his fears with helping people, while flashbacks show Victor Frankenstein bringing his brother back from the dead. It was written by Jane Espenson and directed by Milan Cheylov. Rumplestiltskin is featured in a black and white forest with a red cloak. In a black-and-white land (Earth, said by Dr\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17043520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Korea: A Walk Through the Land of Miracles\",\n \"text\": \"military dictatorship that ruled the South Korea during the Fifth Republic. Winchester visited Gwangju only a few years after the Gwangju massacre, an event which marked dissatisfaction with the government. Korea: A Walk Through the Land of Miracles Korea, A Walk Through the Land of Miracles () is a book by Simon Winchester. He recounts his experience walking across South Korea, from Jeju in the south to the DMZ in the north, roughly following a route originally taken by a group of Dutch sailors, reportedly the first Europeans to visit Korea. The book makes general observations about Korean society and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6951143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9406939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military\",\n \"text\": \"is in effect helping to line the pockets of human traffickers\\\". In June 2002, the U.S. Department of Defense pledged to investigate the trafficking allegations. In 2003, the Seoul District Court ruled that three night club owners near Camp Casey must compensate all Filipina women who had been forced into prostitution. The club owners had taken their passports and had kept the women locked up. One Philippine woman who was in captivity kept a diary about her confinement, beating, abortion and starvation. Before the trial began, the International Organization for Migration studied the trafficking of foreign women and reported the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17208039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest\",\n \"text\": \"Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest describes the agricultural practices of the Native Americans inhabiting the American Southwest, which includes the states of Arizona and New Mexico plus portions of surrounding states and neighboring Mexico. Maize (corn) was the dominant crop. Introduced from Mesoamerica, it was first cultivated in the Southwest about 2100 BCE. Sedentary cultures based on farming developed afterwards including the Hohokam, Mogollon, Ancestral Puebloans, and Patayan. Due to a deficiency in precipitation throughout the region, irrigation and several techniques of water harvesting and conservation were essential for successful agriculture. Although it is possible\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16628762\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English League for the Taxation of Land Values\",\n \"text\": \"values the basis of national and local taxation. The organisation was established on 16 April 1883 as the Land Reform Union, inspired by social reformer Henry George's first UK lecture tour in 1883-4, and his book, \\\"Progress and Poverty\\\". Early members of the group included John Charles Durrant, Stewart Headlam, James Leigh Joynes, Sydney Olivier, William Saunders, George Bernard Shaw, Henry Cary Shuttleworth, John Elliotson Symes, Helen Taylor, T. F. Walker and Philip Wicksteed. Initially, it focused on issuing leaflets explaining George's ideas. It also agreed to fund a second speaking tour of England for George. At the organisation's first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13733444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shopping in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Gangbyeon Station. There is also an electronic shopping centre located in Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, accessible from exit 3 Nambu Bus Terminal Station. Shopping in Seoul Seoul, South Korea has many shopping areas and markets throughout the city, such as the fashions of Myeong-dong, the luxury of Cheongdam-dong, the indie and vintage of Hongdae area, or the whole-sale of Dongdaemun and Namdaemun markets. The largest market is the Dongdaemun Market, which supplies stocks to thousands of retail fashion shops around the whole of Korea. Near Dongdaemun market are several large mall complexes that specialize in fashion goods of all sorts, from formal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11937494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shopping in Seoul\",\n \"text\": \"Shopping in Seoul Seoul, South Korea has many shopping areas and markets throughout the city, such as the fashions of Myeong-dong, the luxury of Cheongdam-dong, the indie and vintage of Hongdae area, or the whole-sale of Dongdaemun and Namdaemun markets. The largest market is the Dongdaemun Market, which supplies stocks to thousands of retail fashion shops around the whole of Korea. Near Dongdaemun market are several large mall complexes that specialize in fashion goods of all sorts, from formal attire to casual, and from clothes to all kinds of accessories including bags and belts. Some of these are Migliore, Hello\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11937486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Baseball in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Baseball in South Korea Baseball is believed to have been introduced to Korea in 1905 by American missionaries during the Korean Empire, after which it gradually attained prominence. It is one of the most popular sports in the country. There are 10 pro teams in the Korea Baseball Organization. Baseball season runs from March to October. American missionaries brought baseball to Korea in the 19th century. In 1896, US Marines played exhibitions against teams of Americans expatriates and the Seoul Athletic Club. The sport flourished in the period of Japanese rule. On December 1921, a team of American Major League\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14505620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Land value tax in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"to 2001 when a countywide property reassessment led to a drastic increase in assessed land values during 2001 after years of underassessment, and the system was abandoned in favor of the traditional single-rate property tax. The tax on land in Pittsburgh was about 5.77 times the tax on improvements. Notwithstanding the change in 2001, the Pittsburgh Downtown Partnership Business Improvement District employed a pure land value taxation as a surcharge on the regular property tax from 1997 to 2016. In 2000, Florenz Plassmann and Nicolaus Tideman wrote that when comparing Pennsylvania cities using a higher tax rate on land value\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13128495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul Korea Temple\",\n \"text\": \"in which to build an LDS temple. After considering several locations, Packer eventually chose the property which the church had purchased almost two decades earlier. In 1981 the announcement was made for a temple in Seoul. Gordon B. Hinckley, of the church's First Presidency, dedicated the Seoul Korea Temple on December 14, 1985. The temple walls feature Korean granite with six white spires. A traditional, tiled \\\"hundred-year roof\\\" gives the temple a uniquely Korean appearance. Inside, the temple is decorated with delicate brush paintings, intricate wooden molding, silk wall coverings, gold leaf, dome chandeliers, and white lacquer furniture inlaid with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7946418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rail transport in South Korea\",\n \"text\": \"seaport (Busan); the second is the Honam Line (호남선), which branches off the Gyeongbu Line at Daejeon, and ends at Gwangju or Mokpo. The following is a table of major railway lines in South Korea: There is no railway service on Jeju Island. Frequent service is provided on most routes, with trains every 15–60 minutes connecting Seoul to all major South Korean cities. Seven classes of train operate as of March 2016: South Korea's six largest cities—Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon and Incheon—all have subway systems. Seoul Metropolitan Subway is the oldest system in the country, with the Seoul Station-Cheongnyangni\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8850689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Name of Identity\",\n \"text\": \"universal values of identity, which he dissects, describes the extremes, then applies them to the Levant. He tries to describe how the average modern Arab feels, along a wide spectrum of ideologies in practice throughout the Arab world...from religious beliefs and traditional practices to total secularism. The book also sheds light on recent events in the Arab world, from civil wars to relations with the west. In the Name of Identity In the Name of Identity: Violence and the Need to Belong is a 1998 book by Amin Maalouf. In this work, Maalouf discusses the identity crisis which Arabs have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10071712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seoul 1945\",\n \"text\": \"thwarted due to his political ideology. \\\"Seoul 1945\\\" takes place during turbulent times in Korea, spanning from the end of the Japanese occupation to the eventual split of the country into North and South. The story revolves around the lives of four young adults who grew up together. Choi Woon-hyuk (Ryu Soo-young) is a child prodigy born into a family of poor miners; Kim Hae-kyung (Han Eun-jung) is the eldest daughter of tenant farmers; Lee Dong-woo (Kim Ho-jin) is the heir to a wealthy, well-connected family; and Moon Suk-kyung (So Yoo-jin) is the only child of an affluent and powerful\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10536933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest\",\n \"text\": \"rather relied on crop rotation, fallowing, and silt deposit from rainwater runoff. Fire was sometimes used to clear and fertilize land with ash. They transported water in large pottery jugs for hand watering of garden plots. Agriculture at the lower elevations of the Southwest is difficult without irrigation as precipitation is sparse and unreliable. Higher elevations, about , may have greater precipitation but also have cooler temperatures, shorter growing seasons, and less fertile soils. In either case agriculture was a challenge. The agricultural strategies used by ancient Southwestern farmers included: \\\"seed selection, fallowing fields, planting in different locations, staggering the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16628769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islam in Korea\",\n \"text\": \"3,000 Muslims in North Korea in 2010, up from 1,000 in 1990. The Iranian embassy in Pyongyang hosts Ar-Rahman Mosque. Islam in Korea In South Korea, Islam (이슬람교) is a minority religion. The Muslim community is centered on Seoul and there are a few mosques around the country. According to the Korea Muslim Federation, there are about 100,000 Muslims living in South Korea, both Koreans and foreigners. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has hosted an Iftar dinner during the month of Ramadan every year since 2004. During the middle to late 7th century, Muslim traders had traversed from the Caliphate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4538028\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Americas\",\n \"text\": \"receive greater public attention due to the high incidence of HIV/AIDS among prostitutes. Prostitution in the country is separated into three types: \\\"uptown\\\", servicing affluent clients, \\\"downtown\\\", servicing the working classes, and mining sites. Prostitution is legal for persons over the age of 18, but related activities such as brothel keeping are prohibited. Prostitution is common in the country. Brothels are also common, even some rural villages have a small bar/brothel on the outskirts. Whilst there is no red-light district in the capital, Asunción, street prostitution is widespread in the city centre, especially around Plaza Uruguaya. Brothels are also common\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18482383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Islam in Korea\",\n \"text\": \"Islam in Korea In South Korea, Islam (이슬람교) is a minority religion. The Muslim community is centered on Seoul and there are a few mosques around the country. According to the Korea Muslim Federation, there are about 100,000 Muslims living in South Korea, both Koreans and foreigners. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has hosted an Iftar dinner during the month of Ramadan every year since 2004. During the middle to late 7th century, Muslim traders had traversed from the Caliphate to Tang China and established contact with Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In 751, a Chinese general\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4538012\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["gangnam","gangnam (disambiguation)","kangnam","강남"],"string":"[\n \"gangnam\",\n \"gangnam (disambiguation)\",\n \"kangnam\",\n \"강남\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78286,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what latin phrase, which translates as \"you should have the body\" is taken to mean a legal action which requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge."},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Operation Spectrum","text":"the re-arrests, which \"did not come as a surprise\" to the government. \"See Changes to the law\" After the re-arrests, four of the detainees – Teo Soh Lung, Kenneth Tsang Chi Seng, Wong Souk Yee and Kevin Desmond de Souza – were issued with one-year detention orders. They engaged Anthony Lester and Geoffrey Robertson, Queen's Counsels (QC) from the United Kingdom, to apply to the High Court for writs of \"habeas corpus\", a legal action that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge to challenge detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. They were unsuccessful. They then","psg_id":"6013067"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Operation Spectrum\",\n \"text\": \"the re-arrests, which \\\"did not come as a surprise\\\" to the government. \\\"See Changes to the law\\\" After the re-arrests, four of the detainees – Teo Soh Lung, Kenneth Tsang Chi Seng, Wong Souk Yee and Kevin Desmond de Souza – were issued with one-year detention orders. They engaged Anthony Lester and Geoffrey Robertson, Queen's Counsels (QC) from the United Kingdom, to apply to the High Court for writs of \\\"habeas corpus\\\", a legal action that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge to challenge detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. They were unsuccessful. They then\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6013067\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?","text":"a necessary precondition for understanding the mind-body problem. Dennett denies Nagel's claim that the bat's consciousness is inaccessible, contending that any \"interesting or theoretically important\" features of a bat's consciousness would be amenable to third-person observation. For instance, it is clear that bats cannot detect objects more than a few meters away because echolocation has a limited range. He holds that any similar aspects of its experiences could be gleaned by further scientific experiments. What Is it Like to Be a Bat? \"What is it like to be a bat?\" is a paper by American philosopher Thomas Nagel, first published","psg_id":"9902787"},{"title":"1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)","text":"the Gil Evans Orchestra for their 1975 album \"Plays the Music of Jimi Hendrix\", which was followed in 1999 with recordings by Laurie Anderson and Tracy Scott Silverman, before the Turtle Island Quartet recorded a classical version for the Hendrix-focused collection \"Have You Ever Been…\" released in 2010. The song was covered by American deathrock band Christian Death on their 1987 album \"The Scriptures\". The Allman Brothers performed it live several times at the end of their career, several recordings exist. Musical personnel Additional personnel 1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be) \"1983… (A Merman I Should Turn to","psg_id":"10513734"},{"title":"To Be and to Have","text":"To Be and to Have To Be and To Have (; also the UK title) is a 2002 French documentary film directed by Nicolas Philibert about a small rural school. It was screened as an \"Out of Competition\" film at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival and achieved commercial success. The film became the subject of an unsuccessful legal action by the school's teacher, who said that he and the children's parents had been misled about the film's intended audience, and that he and the children had been exploited. The documentary's title translates as \"to be and to have\", the two","psg_id":"1728896"},{"title":"Murder conviction without a body","text":"on 10 August 1949. Haigh had misinterpreted the Latin legal phrase \"corpus delicti\" (referring to the body of evidence which establish a crime) to mean an actual human body. This was one of the first instances of forensic science being used in such cases. In 1951, New Zealand criminal George Cecil Horry was convicted of the murder of his wife, although her body was never found. The Horry case helped to overturn the long-standing principle in other common law jurisdictions. The rule was finally abolished for practical purposes in the UK with the 1954 case of Michail Onufrejczyk. He and","psg_id":"10480082"},{"title":"What Is to Be Done?","text":"what Lenin’s real views were\". Therefore, Lih argues, the word спонтанность, when translated as \"spontaneity\", distorts his views and has different contextual connotations; how конспирация does not mean \"conspiracy\", but \"the rules and procedures needed for an underground organisation to survive\"; тред-юнионизм does not mean \"trade unionism\", but non-revolutionary \"only trade unionism\"; and революционер по профессии should not be translated as \"professional revolutionary\". What Is to Be Done? What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement () is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902.","psg_id":"17513541"},{"title":"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry","text":"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry \"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\" is a song by British girl group The Caravelles. The single reached No. 3 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and No.6 on the UK Singles Chart in 1963. The song had previously charted in the US by Ernest Tubb, Moon Mullican, and Tennessee Ernie Ford in the 1950s. The song was originally recorded by Moon Mullican, Ernest Tubb and Jimmy Dorsey in 1950. \"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\" was also recorded by Billie Davis in 1963. Her","psg_id":"10959180"},{"title":"What Have You Done to Solange?","text":"released under the title \"Das Geheimnis der grünen Stecknadel\" where it was distributed by Constantin. The film has been released under various English-language titles, including \"The Secret of the Green Pin\", \"The School That Couldn't Scream\", and \"Who's Next?\". It is most commonly known under the title \"What Have You Done to Solange?\". In 2005, the Venice Film Festival had a day in honour of Fulvio Lucisano Day as part of its \"Secret History of Italian Cinema\" screenings, which included a screening of a restored version of \"What Have You Done to Solange?\". \"What Have You Done to Solange?\" was","psg_id":"13027167"},{"title":"So You Want to Be a Wizard","text":"and Assyrian writings. I don't think I'd qualify as human if it didn't turn up in mine. \"So You Want to Be a Wizard\" is listed in \"What Else Should I Read? Guiding Kids to Good Books, Vol. 2\" by Matt Berman as well as \"Rip-Roaring Reads for Reluctant Teen Readers\" by Gale W. Sherman and Bette D. Ammon. \"So You Want to Be a Wizard\" has won the \"ALA Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Adult Readers\" award. So You Want to Be a Wizard So You Want to Be a Wizard is the first book in the Young Wizards","psg_id":"6835030"},{"title":"You, Too, Can Have a Body","text":"work on a TV play as mysterious goings on happen at the castle. You, Too, Can Have a Body You, Too, Can Have a Body is a 1960 Australian TV play that screened as part of \"The General Motors Hour\". It was based on a play which had been performed on stage and television in England. It was shot in the GTV 9 Studios in Melbourne. Two television scriptwriters—Chick Weld (Bill Maynnrd) and Lucky Wilson (Mark Kelly) — accept an invitation from Lord Leverdale to stay at the haunted Creckwood Castle. The castle is haunted by The Black Monk, who","psg_id":"20023857"},{"title":"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye","text":"on my feet. I'd say, 'Jackie, go on.' Jackie would look up at me and his purr would get a little louder, but he would not leave.\" The title of the album was taken from a song of the same name, \"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\", which was later cut during the sequencing process and remains unreleased. Design and layout for \"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\" was created by Grammy-award winning designer, Peter Buchanan-Smith, and features original artwork, liner notes, and a short story by Tom Brosseau. What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye What I","psg_id":"9287271"},{"title":"You, Too, Can Have a Body","text":"You, Too, Can Have a Body You, Too, Can Have a Body is a 1960 Australian TV play that screened as part of \"The General Motors Hour\". It was based on a play which had been performed on stage and television in England. It was shot in the GTV 9 Studios in Melbourne. Two television scriptwriters—Chick Weld (Bill Maynnrd) and Lucky Wilson (Mark Kelly) — accept an invitation from Lord Leverdale to stay at the haunted Creckwood Castle. The castle is haunted by The Black Monk, who was tortured to death in 1305 for practising magic. The two script writers","psg_id":"20023856"},{"title":"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry","text":"version remained unreleased until her compilation \"Watcha Gonna Do?\" was released in 2007. It was also recorded and released by Ceil Clayton in 1964 and re-released in 1968. Her version appeared on her debut album, \"Ceil Clayton\", and also on her second album, \"I meet the Nicest People\", on the Norman Records label. Julie London also recorded the song on her 1964 LP \"Julie London\" (Liberty Records LST-7342 US). You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry \"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\" is a song by British girl group The Caravelles. The single reached No.","psg_id":"10959181"},{"title":"Light as a feather, stiff as a board","text":"that it will now be easier to lift this person than before. All versions of the game end with the phrase \"light as a feather, stiff as a board\" chanted by the entire group, (save for the prone person, who pretends to be dead) as they attempt to lift their companion's body using only their fingertips. Some versions omit the story entirely and only the \"light as a feather...\" chant is used. Allegedly, after these repetitions, the person being lifted will seem lighter or even entirely weightless. Another variation of the game takes place with one person seated in a","psg_id":"7067548"},{"title":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?","text":"only unquestionable fact of our experience\", meaning that each individual only knows what it is like to be them (Subjectivism). Objectivity, requires an unbiased, non-subjective state of perception. For Nagel, the objective perspective is not feasible, because humans are limited to subjective experience. Nagel concludes with the contention that it would be wrong to assume that physicalism is incorrect, since that position is also imperfectly understood. Physicalism claims that states and events are physical, but those physical states and events are only imperfectly characterized. Nevertheless, he holds that physicalism cannot be understood without characterizing objective and subjective experience. That is","psg_id":"9902786"},{"title":"What Is and What Should Never Be","text":"and What Should Never Be\" was performed live at Led Zeppelin concerts between 1969 and 1973. A live version taken from a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970 can be seen on the \"Led Zeppelin DVD\". Another was included on disc two of the live triple album \"How The West Was Won\". Two more versions were included in BBC Sessions. What Is and What Should Never Be \"What Is and What Should Never Be\" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant and was included as the second","psg_id":"5616997"},{"title":"What You Mean We?","text":"Anderson (and her Clone) returned to host the 1987 season of \"Alive from Off Center\". Although this film has yet to be rereleased in its entirety to home video, segments such as \"The Dream Before\" and \"Smoke Rings\" were included on the compilation \"\". Anderson would later return to the experiment of creating an alter ego with her CD-ROM release \"Puppet Motel\", which replaced the clone with a ventriloquist dummy. Anderson and Spalding Gray collaborated again in 1987 when she provided the soundtrack music to his performance film \"Swimming to Cambodia\". What You Mean We? What You Mean We? is","psg_id":"6416875"},{"title":"Preemptive arrest","text":"plot. Preemptive arrest A preemptive arrest is one in which a person is arrested prior to committing a crime. Preemptive arrests are sometimes viewed with suspicion as being contrary to the principles of a democracy. This practice is distinct from an arrest on a charge of conspiracy to commit a crime, which for example in the United States federal system is itself a crime. A conspiracy charge in this system must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, and requires that two or more parties have agreed to or planned to commit a crime and have taken concrete action to advance","psg_id":"14763702"},{"title":"Preemptive arrest","text":"Preemptive arrest A preemptive arrest is one in which a person is arrested prior to committing a crime. Preemptive arrests are sometimes viewed with suspicion as being contrary to the principles of a democracy. This practice is distinct from an arrest on a charge of conspiracy to commit a crime, which for example in the United States federal system is itself a crime. A conspiracy charge in this system must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, and requires that two or more parties have agreed to or planned to commit a crime and have taken concrete action to advance this","psg_id":"14763701"},{"title":"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?","text":"Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" as the main song. Additional track listings can be found on the page about \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)\". \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" was heavily remixed for single release. The version used for the music video was also released on 7-inch vinyl and cassette-single. Due to its playing time of 4:10 minutes, it is often confused with the similar \"Perfect Attitude mix\", which has an identical playing time, but a different introduction. How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously? \"How Can You","psg_id":"10789929"},{"title":"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)","text":"Listening chart and #7 on the UK Singles Chart. It would eventually be certified gold, selling over one million copies, and winning them a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1977. You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show) \"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)\" is a song by the husband/wife duo of Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr., former members of the vocal group The 5th Dimension. Released from their album, \"I Hope We Get to Love in Time\", it became","psg_id":"11157295"},{"title":"How to Be a Latin Lover","text":"based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 4.9/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 54 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale. \"How to be a Latin Lover\" was released on Digital HD on August 1, 2017, and was released two weeks later on Blu-ray and DVD on August 15, 2017. How to Be a Latin Lover How to Be a Latin Lover is a 2017 American comedy film","psg_id":"19910464"},{"title":"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)","text":"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show) \"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)\" is a song by the husband/wife duo of Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr., former members of the vocal group The 5th Dimension. Released from their album, \"I Hope We Get to Love in Time\", it became a crossover success, spending six months on the charts and soaring to number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Hot Soul Singles charts during late 1976 and early 1977. The song also reached #6 on Billboard's Easy","psg_id":"11157294"},{"title":"What Is and What Should Never Be","text":"What Is and What Should Never Be \"What Is and What Should Never Be\" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant and was included as the second track on \"Led Zeppelin II\" (1969). \"What is and What Should Never Be\" was one of the first songs on which Page used his soon-to-become trademark Gibson Les Paul for recording. The production makes liberal use of stereo as the guitars pan back and forth between channels. Robert Plant's vocals were phased during the verses. Record producer Rick Rubin has remarked, \"The","psg_id":"5616995"},{"title":"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye","text":"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye is a 2005 album by Tom Brosseau and features a cast of notable Los Angeles, California musicians. It was produced by Sam Jones (\", Off Camera with Sam Jones, Lost Songs: The Basement Tapes Continued).\" When the album was released, \"West of Town\" received much attention from KEXP host John Richards, which eventually lead to Brosseau's appearance on The Mid Day Show with Cheryl Waters. The composition, \"Grafton\", which appears on this album, was originally on \"North Dakota\" under the slightly different title, \"Grafton, ND\". The","psg_id":"9287269"},{"title":"Hard to Be a God","text":"to Earth with utmost speed, as \"all that we hold dear should be either in our hearts or on Earth\". Before Budah's departure, Rumata asks him a theological question: \"what would you ask a god, if he could come from sky and fulfill any of your wishes?\". After a long discussion – with Budah wishing and Rumata explaining the dire consequences of each of the wishes, Budah finally states that the only true gift a god could give the people is to leave them to their affairs. To this, Rumata replies that a god cannot bear the sight of their","psg_id":"5723761"},{"title":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?","text":"of experience, and the subjective character of experience cannot be explained by a reductionist being; it is a mental phenomenon that cannot be reduced to materialism. Thus for consciousness to be explained from a reductionist stance, the idea of the subjective character of experience would have to be discarded, which is absurd. Neither can a physicalist view, because in such a world each phenomenal experience had by a conscious being would have to have a physical property attributed to it, which is impossible to prove due to the subjectivity of conscious experience. Nagel argues that each and every subjective experience","psg_id":"9902783"},{"title":"Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician","text":"for You)\" by Ben Liebrand, all of which remain unreleased on CD. Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician \"Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician\" is a 1987 single by Grace Jones. The song was the third European single from Grace Jones' 1986 album \"Inside Story\", co-produced by Jones and Nile Rodgers. It was released simultaneously with \"Crush\", which promoted \"Inside Story\" in North America. The horns on the track were played by Lenny Pickett, Stan Harrison, Steve Elson, and Mac Gollehon under the collective name The Borneo Horns. The 12\" single featured remixes of \"Victor Should Have Been","psg_id":"12153549"},{"title":"What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!","text":"a trio of experimental albums, \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\", which were considered to be spoken word at the time, due to their use of sprechgesang. Modern critics have since dubbed these albums as precursors to hip hop music. Van Peebles wanted to record an album that showed that he could perform in a more traditional form, as opposed to the style he had used on his previous albums, titling it \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" because of this. \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" places more emphasis on","psg_id":"7976677"},{"title":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?","text":"perceptional experiences. While it is possible to imagine what it would be like to fly, navigate by sonar, hang upside down and eat insects like a bat, that is not the same as a bat's perspective. Nagel claims that even if humans were able to metamorphose gradually into bats, their brains would not have been wired as a bat's from birth; therefore, they would only be able to experience the life and behaviors of a bat, rather than the mindset. Such is the difference between subjective and objective points of view. According to Nagel, \"our own mental activity is the","psg_id":"9902785"},{"title":"What You Mean We?","text":"What You Mean We? What You Mean We? is the title of a 1986 American made-for-television musical short film starring the performance artist Laurie Anderson, who also wrote and directed the piece. Originally produced as a segment of the PBS arts series \"Alive from Off Center\", the film runs a little less than a half-hour and is broken into several segments. The film begins with Anderson being interviewed on a faux talk show (the interviewer's voice is provided by Spalding Gray), talking about how her popularity and workload has become too much for one person to handle. So, after speaking","psg_id":"6416870"},{"title":"Have a nice day","text":"a nice day\". The phrase can have passive–aggressive connotations, and can be caustically used to end transactions with abusive customers. The speaker may also use the phrase ironically, in either a purposeful or unintentional manner. Roly Sussex of \"The Courier-Mail\" wrote that \"have a nice day\" can sound \"a touch brusque\" in comparison with \"you have a nice day\". Deeming the word \"you\" as moderating the imperative, Sussex stated that the word \"you\" causes the phrase to seem like a mixture of a command and a hope. He wrote that using \"you\" in imperatives is more common with people under","psg_id":"14147017"},{"title":"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me","text":"playing himself. You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me \"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\" is a 1930 popular song. The credits list music and lyrics as written by Sammy Fain, Irving Kahal, and Pierre Norman. Since Fain was primarily a music writer and Kahal a lyricist, it may be assumed that the music was by Fain and lyrics were by Kahal, with Norman's contribution uncertain. The song was introduced in the movie \"The Big Pond\" (1930) by Maurice Chevalier who also made a successful recording of it the same year. Other hit recordings in","psg_id":"8996313"},{"title":"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me","text":"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me \"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\" is a 1930 popular song. The credits list music and lyrics as written by Sammy Fain, Irving Kahal, and Pierre Norman. Since Fain was primarily a music writer and Kahal a lyricist, it may be assumed that the music was by Fain and lyrics were by Kahal, with Norman's contribution uncertain. The song was introduced in the movie \"The Big Pond\" (1930) by Maurice Chevalier who also made a successful recording of it the same year. Other hit recordings in 1930 were","psg_id":"8996311"},{"title":"To Have or to Be?","text":"lost their inner selves. The point of being is more important as everyone is mortal, and thus having of possessions will become useless after their death, because the possessions which are transferred to the life after death, will be what the person actually was inside. To Have or to Be? To Have or to Be? is a 1976 book by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, in which he differentiates between having and being. It was originally published in the World Perspectives book series edited by Ruth Nanda Anshen for Harper & Row publishing firm. Fromm writes that modern society has become materialistic","psg_id":"14143638"},{"title":"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse","text":"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse is a demo album by the American metal band The Black Dahlia Murder, released independently in May 2001. It is the band's only record to feature Sean Gauvreau on bass. Although The Black Dahlia Murder are considered a melodic death metal band, the style of the demo has also been described as metalcore. Vocalist Trevor Strnad said in a interview that much of the material on the demo is a blatant \"rip-off\" of the metalcore band Prayer for Cleansing. Its title is derived from","psg_id":"11630192"},{"title":"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)","text":"and raises the chill bumps at every turn.\" \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) debuted at number 61 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of February 4, 1995. Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in January 1995 as the fourth single from the album \"When Love Finds You\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by","psg_id":"14847545"},{"title":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?","text":"the organism to be itself.\" Daniel Dennett, a critic of Nagel's argument, nevertheless called this paper \"the most widely cited and influential thought experiment about consciousness.\" The thesis attempts to refute reductionism (the philosophical position that a complex system is nothing more than the sum of its parts). For example, a physicalist reductionist's approach to the mind–body problem holds that the mental process humans experience as consciousness can be fully described via physical processes in the brain and body. Nagel begins by arguing that the conscious experience is widespread, present in many animals (particularly mammals), and that for an organism","psg_id":"9902781"},{"title":"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)","text":"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in January 1995 as the fourth single from the album \"When Love Finds You\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Gill and Bill Anderson. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably calling it a \"classic slow country waltz.\" She goes on to say that the song \"makes optimum use of those classic changes","psg_id":"14847544"},{"title":"A Nod Is As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse","text":"new vinyl reissue even replicated the poster included with the first-pressing vinyl release. The album was included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". Side One Side Two 2015 Reissue bonus tracks A Nod Is As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse A Nod's As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse was the third album by British rock group Faces, and their second album of 1971. Bolstered somewhat by lead singer Rod Stewart's recent solo success with \"Maggie May\", it was their most successful album worldwide, peaking at No. 6 in the","psg_id":"4214035"},{"title":"A good day to die (phrase)","text":"published in 1881, author Judson Elliott Walker relates an account from Low Dog, as told to Captain Howe of the Standing Rock Agency: \"I [Low Dog] called to my men: 'This is a good day to die; follow me'\". This is the first known (published) use of the phrase. In \"Black Elk Speaks\" published in 1932, recounting the Battle of the Little Bighorn described the warriors under Crazy Horse: \"...off toward the west and north they were yelling \" Hokahey!\" like a big wind roaring, and making the tremolo; and you could hear eagle bone whistles screaming\". \"Hokahey\" is simply","psg_id":"18389306"},{"title":"What Have You Done to Solange?","text":"remake of \"What Have You Done to Solange?\". The film will be produced by Refn's Space Rocket Nation banner along with producer Fulvio Lucisano. What Have You Done to Solange? What Have You Done to Solange? () is a 1972 \"giallo\" film directed by Massimo Dallamano, and starring Fabio Testi, Karin Baal, Joachim Fuchsberger, Cristina Galbó, and Camille Keaton. The plot follows a series of violent murders occurring at a Catholic girls' school in England where a young student has gone missing. The film is a co-production between Italian production companies Italian International Films S.r.l., Clodio Cinematografica and West German","psg_id":"13027173"},{"title":"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse","text":"the NES game \"\", where it appears in a text box during the in-game transition from day to night. An eponymous song was later recorded for the band's 2007 album \"Nocturnal\". The song \"Burning the Hive\" was re-recorded for the band's 2002 EP, \"A Cold-Blooded Epitaph\". What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse is a demo album by the American metal band The Black Dahlia Murder, released independently in May 2001. It is the band's only record to feature Sean Gauvreau on bass. Although The Black Dahlia Murder are considered a","psg_id":"11630193"},{"title":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?","text":"What Is it Like to Be a Bat? \"What is it like to be a bat?\" is a paper by American philosopher Thomas Nagel, first published in \"The Philosophical Review\" in October 1974, and later in Nagel's \"Mortal Questions\" (1979). In it, Nagel argues that materialist theories of mind omit the essential component of consciousness, namely that there is something that it is (or feels) like to be a particular, conscious thing. He argues that an organism has conscious mental states, \"if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism—something it is like \"for\"","psg_id":"9902780"},{"title":"Your Body Is a Wonderland","text":"in 2002, but she denied it. Hewitt told \"Entertainment Weekly\", \"My body is far from a wonderland. My body is more like a pawnshop. There's a lot of interesting things put together, and if you look closely you'd probably be excited, but at first glance, not so much\". According to the liner notes, a toy piano is used as an instrument in the song. The line \"I'm never speaking up again\", sung in the background, is also prominently featured in the chorus to the song \"My Stupid Mouth\", which appears just before the song on \"Room For Squares\". All songs","psg_id":"8941889"},{"title":"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body","text":"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an","psg_id":"18599974"},{"title":"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing","text":"female, and speaks Spanish, using the phrase \"\"Todo está bien chévere\"\", which loosely translates as \"Everything's really great.\" The song's second chorus begins with Stevie taking the vocals up an octave, with two vocal overdubs singing the same line. He also mimics the horn line with harmonised scat singing. Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing \"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing\" is a single by Stevie Wonder, taken from his 1973 album \"Innervisions\". It reached number 16 on the \"\"Billboard\" Pop Singles\" chart, number 10 on the \"Cash Box\" chart, and number 2 on the R&B chart. The song's lyrics","psg_id":"7700975"},{"title":"What Do You Mean?","text":"\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\" \"USA Today\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \"catchy dance track for the club\". Similarly, a writer for \"The Daily Beast\" said, \"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \"banger\", explaining, \"the track is classic JB: seductive,","psg_id":"18937838"},{"title":"What Is and What Should Never Be (Supernatural)","text":"What Is and What Should Never Be (Supernatural) \"What Is and What Should Never Be\" is the twentieth episode of the paranormal drama television series \"Supernatural\"s second season. It was first broadcast on May 3, 2007 on The CW. The narrative follows series protagonist Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles) who finds himself in an alternate reality after a confrontation with a djinn . The creature appears to have fulfilled Dean's greatest wish: that his mother had not been killed when he was a child. Dean is happy in the new world until it becomes apparent that his previous work as a","psg_id":"10175344"},{"title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?","text":"for changing the nature of the legal profession so that less power is vested in legal professionals and institutions, and legal analysis is reoriented to be more egalitarian and advance more effectively the democratic project. Jeremy Waldron, reviewing \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\" in the \"Columbia Law Review\", praised the book as an \"eminently readable\" text encompassing many of the same themes that Unger explored in his three-volume \"Politics: A Work in Constructive Social Theory\". Waldron notes that Unger's argument in the book has a negative and a positive side. Waldron finds the negative side of Unger's argument—in which Unger","psg_id":"19001722"},{"title":"You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee","text":"a 1.9 rating and was watched by a total of 3.91 million people, making it the second most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \"Bob's Burgers\" and \"American Dad!\" but losing to \"Family Guy\" with 4.17 million. In May 2015, after a corruption scandal at FIFA, the real-life world governing body of soccer, the episode received attention over social media, a phenomenon reported on by media such as the BBC. You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee \"You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee\" is the sixteenth episode of the 25th season of the American animated","psg_id":"17577947"},{"title":"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?","text":"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously? \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" is the third single from Pet Shop Boys' album \"Behaviour\". It was released in the UK as a double A-side with \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)\" by Parlophone Records on 11 March 1991. It was subsequently released as a single in its own right in the United States and France. The single later peaked at a low number 93 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. As \"Being Boring\" and \"It's Alright\" were not released in the","psg_id":"10789927"},{"title":"Are You What You Want to Be?","text":"on September 9, 2014 as the album's fourth single. The song is also used on EA Sports game, \"FIFA 15\". Are You What You Want to Be? \"Are You What You Want to Be?\" is a song by American indie pop band Foster the People. It serves as the opening track on their second studio album, \"Supermodel\", and was released as the album's fourth single on September 8, 2014. An audio stream of \"Are You What You Want to Be?\" was uploaded by the band's Vevo account to YouTube on August 5, 2014 accompanied by its single cover. The song","psg_id":"18225947"},{"title":"Do You Want to See a Dead Body?","text":"Do You Want to See a Dead Body? Do You Want to See a Dead Body? is an American surreal comedy web television series that premiered on November 17, 2017 on YouTube Red. The series was created by Owen Burke and Rob Huebel, who stars in the series as a fictionalized version of himself. \"Do You Want to See a Dead Body?\" follows \"Rob Huebel and his celebrity friends who begrudgingly join him on adventures that see them frolicking at the beach, getting tacos...oh...and seeing a dead body.\" The concept for the series originated out of a recurring sketch from","psg_id":"20501025"},{"title":"How to Be a Latin Lover","text":"How to Be a Latin Lover How to Be a Latin Lover is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Ken Marino, written by Chris Spain and Jon Zack and stars Eugenio Derbez, Salma Hayek, Raphael Alejandro, Raquel Welch, Rob Riggle, Rob Huebel, Rob Corddry, Renée Taylor, Linda Lavin, Kristen Bell, and Rob Lowe. The film follows a man who has spent his whole life married to a rich old woman, and must learn to make it on his own when she kicks him out. It was released on April 28, 2017 by Pantelion Films and grossed $61 million worldwide.","psg_id":"19910459"},{"title":"What Have You Done to Solange?","text":"influenced by American films such as \"Dirty Harry\" and \"The French Connection\". Dallamano's next film in the \"Schoolgirls in Peril\" trilogy was \"What Have They Done to Your Daughters?\", a film with similar themes to \"What Have You Done to Solange?\". The final part of the series was \"Red Rings of Fear\". It was released on August 19, 1978. Dallamano is credited as a screenwriter on the film, and was intended to direct the film, but he died before the film began production. Director Nicolas Winding Refn announced in 2016 that he was seeking a director and screenwriter for a","psg_id":"13027172"},{"title":"Legal person","text":"or political body which they are a part of. The concept of legal personhood for organizations of people is at least as old as Ancient Rome: a variety of collegial institutions enjoyed the benefit under Roman law. The doctrine has been attributed to Pope Innocent IV, who seems at least to have helped spread the idea of \"persona ficta\" as it is called in Latin. In canon law, the doctrine of \"persona ficta\" allowed monasteries to have a legal existence that was apart from the monks, simplifying the difficulty in balancing the need for such groups to have infrastructure though","psg_id":"1716284"},{"title":"Which?","text":"Which? can seek an injunction to restrain the use of an unfair contract term by a trader against consumers. Which? is one of the 'specified bodies' who, under the Enterprise and Competition Acts, may bring proceedings before the Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT) on behalf of two or more consumers for damages. Which? was granted specified body status on 1 October 2005 by the Ministers of the Department of Trade and Industry. In April 2007 Which? launched its first representative action on behalf of consumers unlawfully overcharged for football shirts due to price fixing. The Consumers’ Association owns an operational company","psg_id":"2084569"},{"title":"Are You What You Want to Be?","text":"Are You What You Want to Be? \"Are You What You Want to Be?\" is a song by American indie pop band Foster the People. It serves as the opening track on their second studio album, \"Supermodel\", and was released as the album's fourth single on September 8, 2014. An audio stream of \"Are You What You Want to Be?\" was uploaded by the band's Vevo account to YouTube on August 5, 2014 accompanied by its single cover. The song impacted contemporary hit radio in the United Kingdom on September 8, 2014 and modern rock radio in the United States","psg_id":"18225946"},{"title":"Dear Zachary: A Letter to a Son About His Father","text":"and visited Zachary in July 2003. In jail, Turner wrote to a judge and, contrary to normal legal procedure, received advice on how to appeal her arrest and imprisonment. Turner was later released by a Newfoundland judge, Gale Welsh, who — despite what the film presents as ample evidence that Turner was psychologically disturbed — felt she did not pose a threat to society in general. Turner was therefore released on bail and successfully sued for joint custody of Zachary with the Bagbys, although their arrangement was tenuous. The arrangement ended in tragedy when, on August 18, 2003, Turner jumped","psg_id":"11587104"},{"title":"Winston tastes good like a cigarette should","text":"\"What did you want, good grammar or good taste?\" \"I wanted to live a lot longer than this!\"). With the new slogan in wide use, \"Winston tastes good like a cigarette should\" was retired permanently in 1972. In 1981, actor James Garner claimed responsibility for the wording of the slogan during an interview with \"Playboy\" magazine. Garner, who narrated the original commercial, stated that his first action ever to be captured on film was to misread the line that had been provided to him. However, as noted above, the advertisements first appeared in print before their debut on television, which","psg_id":"8290282"},{"title":"A moron in a hurry","text":"Beck's name in a parody website. A moron in a hurry A moron in a hurry is a legal test for trademark infringement or passing off in which a hypothetical person against whom a claimant's concern might be judged in a civil law action. The expression is used to reject a claim that two items could reasonably be confused by a passer-by: that \"only a moron in a hurry\" would be confused. If the items offered for sale are distinct, the goodwill and brand of one trader cannot be affected by another's. The \"moron in a hurry\" phrase was first","psg_id":"7691426"},{"title":"Resisting arrest","text":"law to make a lawful arrest, lawful detention, or seizure of property or to serve any lawful process or court order when the offender knows or has reason to know that the person arresting, detaining, seizing property, or serving process is acting in his official capacity. B. (1) The phrase \"obstruction of\" as used herein shall, in addition to its common meaning, signification, and connotation mean the following: (a) Flight by one sought to be arrested before the arresting officer can restrain him and after notice is given that he is under arrest. (b) Any violence toward or any resistance","psg_id":"7137845"},{"title":"A moron in a hurry","text":"A moron in a hurry A moron in a hurry is a legal test for trademark infringement or passing off in which a hypothetical person against whom a claimant's concern might be judged in a civil law action. The expression is used to reject a claim that two items could reasonably be confused by a passer-by: that \"only a moron in a hurry\" would be confused. If the items offered for sale are distinct, the goodwill and brand of one trader cannot be affected by another's. The \"moron in a hurry\" phrase was first used by Mr Justice Foster in","psg_id":"7691421"},{"title":"Have a nice day","text":"Rights in Israel paid for ads on television and radio stations in Israel. In the television ads, the Arabic phrase for \"have a nice day\" would flash onto the screen in black letters and on a red background. Immediately following the Arabic phrase would be a Hebrew phrase that said, \"Are you already against it without even knowing what it says? All we wanted to say is have a nice day.\" Spokeswoman Abir Kopty stated that \"[t]he purpose of this campaign was mainly to cause the Israeli public sitting at home, or walking down the street, to ask itself why","psg_id":"14147022"},{"title":"Refusing to assist a police officer","text":"aid any person known by the person to be a peace officer is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor. (2) This section does not apply if under the circumstances the officer was not authorized to command such assistance.\" TITLE 7 - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS 7-3-209. Authority of person making arrest to command assistance. \"Every officer or other person authorized by the governor to make the arrest has the same authority in arresting the accused to command assistance as sheriffs and other officers have in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with the like","psg_id":"18253902"},{"title":"What Do You Mean?","text":"Do You Mean?\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house","psg_id":"18937858"},{"title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?","text":"What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in order to transform society to be more radically democratic, it is necessary to penetrate the specialized professions so that we can talk about, and imagine, institutions effectively. Unger focuses on the legal profession in this book, setting forth a vision of law as \"institutional imagination.\" He presents a program","psg_id":"19001721"},{"title":"Have a nice day","text":"generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive. Critics of the phrase characterize it as an imperative, obliging the person to have a nice day. Other critics argue that it is a parting platitude that comes across as pretended. While defenders of the phrase agree that \"Have a nice day\" can be used insincerely, they consider the phrase to be comforting, in that it improves interactions among people. Others favor the phrase because it does not require a response. A variant of the phrase—\"have a good day\"—is first recorded in \"Layamon's Brut\" (c. 1205) and","psg_id":"14147007"},{"title":"Have a nice day","text":"He stated that when people say \"thank you\", they admit that they are dependent on others, which leads to a healthier, safer society. J. Broad wrote that the phrase \"have a nice day\" is an apt middle ground for the \"drop dead\" the cashier is thinking and the \"come back soon\" the owner wants. Broad stated that the phrase is meaningless because it has been castrated by excessive usage and pretense. He compared the phrase to the salutation \"How are you?\" and the phrase \"had a lovely time\", which are \"conversational space-fillers\" that help prevent embarrassing silences. Usage of the","psg_id":"14147040"},{"title":"What You Mean We?","text":"to get a show put together for a fast-approaching opening.\" \"What you mean, we?\" the Clone replies sullenly. The first musical number in the film is an early version—performed by the Clone—of a song titled \"The Dream Before\" (a.k.a. \"Hansel and Gretel are Alive and Well\"), which would later be recorded for Anderson's album \"Strange Angels\". After this sequence, the film shifts to an all-night diner where an incompetent chef is shown causing havoc in a kitchen while making breakfast and singing along to a fast dance mix of the song \"Smoke Rings\" from Anderson's then-recent concert film \"Home of","psg_id":"6416873"},{"title":"If a Body Meets a Body","text":"revealing the will, which was hidden underneath it. After excitedly reading the will, Curly learns that he has been bequeathed a grand total of $0.67 net. The film title is a pun on a line from the traditional Scottish song by Robert Burns, \"Coming Through the Rye\" (as in \"Should a body meet a body/Coming through the rye/Should a body kiss a body/Need a body cry?\"). The plot device is borrowed from \"The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case\", which also features actor Fred Kelsey. \"If a Body Meets a Body\" was filmed on March 9-13, 1945. It was the first film produced","psg_id":"11309973"},{"title":"What Is and What Should Never Be","text":"descending riff [of \"What Is and What Should Never Be\"] is amazing: It's like a bow is being drawn back, and then it releases. The rhythm of the vocals is almost like a rap. It's insane — one of their most psychedelic songs.\" This was also one of the first songs recorded by the band for which Robert Plant received writing credit. According to rock journalist Stephen Davis, the author of the Led Zeppelin biography \"Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga\", the lyrics for this song reflect a romance Plant had with his wife's younger sister. \"What Is","psg_id":"5616996"},{"title":"What a piece of work is a man","text":"observed that the Folio text \"involves two grave difficulties\", namely that according to Elizabethan thought angels could apprehend but not act, making \"in action how like an angel\" nonsensical, and that \"express\" (which as an adjective means \"direct and purposive\") makes sense applied to \"action\", but goes very awkwardly with \"form and moving\". These difficulties are remedied if we read it thus: A source well known to Shakespeare is Psalm 8, especially verse 5: \"You have made [humans] a little lower than the heavenly beings and crowned them with glory and honor.\" Scholars have pointed out this section's similarities to","psg_id":"9799043"},{"title":"Have a nice day","text":"responded \"Thank you very much, you have a nice day.\" The stress of suppressing their feelings and faking cheerfulness caused people like the telemarketer to feel insincere and phony. Individuals affected by the \"Have a Nice Day\" syndrome must carry out emotional labor, which could lead to diminished self-esteem, depression, and cynicism. Linguistically, \"have a nice day\" is a command in that the subject, the pronoun you, is intimated. It could be regarded as an exhortation to achieve an outcome that the recipient has no power to influence. However, it is also possible to interpret the phrase as a contraction","psg_id":"14147034"},{"title":"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye","text":"photo of the black cat wrapped around Brosseau's shoulders was taken on a whim by Sam Jones and not intended to be part of the album, but later it became the front cover. Since the cat was present throughout the entire recording of \"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\" including him on the front cover seemed a very fitting idea. In an experpt from the album's liner notes, Brosseau explains: \"The cat would come in the studio and keep me company. He would pussyfoot around the cables and cords, maybe sidle up against my leg and then fall down","psg_id":"9287270"},{"title":"Light as a feather, stiff as a board","text":"The lifters then retry lifting the sitter the same way as before. Also it can be that the lifters lift the person sitting in the chair; doing the rest of the ritual as so but holding at the four main points of the body (Under the knees on each side and under the shoulders.) In many strange versions, each of the (in the example) five people sitting around the other person uses only one or two of his or her fingers on each hand to do the weight lifting. It is particularly easy to lift a heavy weight when it","psg_id":"7067550"},{"title":"What a Time to Be Alive","text":"What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \"What a Time to Be Alive\" was supported by Drake and Future's previous collaboration on the single \"Where Ya At\". As friends, they originally planned to record a mixtape together earlier in the year; the project never fully materialized. However, during recording sessions for \"Where Ya At\", the duo began working","psg_id":"19036612"},{"title":"You Mean the World to Me","text":"out of the Australian Singles Chart. Credits taken from Discogs website. You Mean the World to Me \"You Mean the World to Me\" is the fourth single from Toni Braxton's self-titled debut album, \"Toni Braxton\" (1993). Written by Babyface, L.A. Reid, and Daryl Simmons, the track was released in April 1994. It was a radio hit, peaking at number 3 on both the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Airplay (Radio Songs) and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, and at number 7 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The music video for You Mean the World to Me was directed by Lionel","psg_id":"8566400"},{"title":"You Are What You Eat","text":"the American Association of Nutritional Consultants, a controversial organisation which seeks to enhance the reputation of Nutritional and Dietary Consultants by consolidating them into a professional organisation. It offers examination and certification, or association membership which does not require an examination but requires the payment of the $60 membership fee. \"You Are What You Eat\" was also the title of an American film from 1968. The phrase \"You are what you eat\" was first expressed by Ludwig Feuerbach in 1863 (German: \"Der Mensch ist, was er iszt.\"). You Are What You Eat You Are What You Eat is a dieting","psg_id":"7187563"},{"title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?","text":"Lorne. \"The Politics of Imagination\" (review of \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\") 47 University of Toronto Law Journal 523 (1997) Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\". Verso Books, 1996. Waldron, Jeremy. \"Dirty Little Secret\" (review of \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"), 98 Columbia Law Review 510 (1998). What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in","psg_id":"19001727"},{"title":"And What Have You Done with My Body, God?","text":"And What Have You Done with My Body, God? And What Have You Done with My Body, God? is a 4 CD collection of over 40 unreleased tracks, demos and scrapped masters by Art of Noise. It also features the complete vinyl version of \"Into Battle with the Art of Noise\" – sourced from the original masters – for the first time on CD. The project was conceived, researched and compiled by music journalist Ian Peel, who also wrote the box set's accompanying 36-page book, which featured new interviews with all of the original members. All songs written by Anne","psg_id":"17376253"},{"title":"Which?","text":"A super-complaint can be made about any market that is not working properly for consumers. As consumers are not in the position to overcome the issue themselves, Which? can issue a super-complaint on consumers' behalf. The OFT has 90 days in which to assess the complaint and decide what to do about it. It can reject the complaint in part or as a whole, it can launch a market investigation, take action under competition law or consumer law, or refer the market to the Competition and Markets Authority for further investigation. Which? made its first super complaint about private dentistry","psg_id":"2084565"},{"title":"You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee","text":"A.V. Club\" gave the episode a C, saying \"Going into tonight’s episode “You Don’t Have To Live Like A Referee,” there was a lot of potential comic ammo to go around. For one, it’s the Simpsons’ first trip back to Brazil since the infamous season 13 episode “Blame It on Lisa” which angered the Brazilian tourist board so badly that there was a lawsuit in the works. Throw in some of the old reliable Homer/Lisa relationship dynamic (ever the most dramatically evocative on the show), and all the pieces were there to assemble a memorable episode. That what eventually emerged","psg_id":"17577945"},{"title":"(I'd Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China","text":"parlance to mean anything that takes an extremely long time. This song is: The phrase \"a slow boat to China\" (or a snowclone thereof) features: (I'd Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China \"On A Slow Boat to China\" is a popular song by Frank Loesser, published in 1948. The song is a well-known pop standard, recorded by many artists, including a duet between Rosemary Clooney and Bing Crosby (for their album \"Fancy Meeting You Here\" (1958)), Ella Fitzgerald, Joni James, Jimmy Buffett, Fats Domino and Liza Minnelli. In the UK, the biggest hit version was recorded","psg_id":"10835440"},{"title":"If You Know What I Mean","text":"a \"tender recollection\" of a relationship in his teens, in which he successfully seduced a significantly older woman. If You Know What I Mean \"If You Know What I Mean\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Diamond. The song is a track from Diamond's 1976 album, \"Beautiful Noise\", and was Diamond's third number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent two weeks. \"If You Know What I Mean\" went to number one for two nonconsecutive weeks and peaked at number eleven on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In Canada, the song reached number 19 on the pop","psg_id":"14761129"},{"title":"You Be the Judge","text":"the directors. Methods to record live television did not exist during the run of the series. As such, the series is likely lost today except possibly for still photographs. You Be the Judge You Be the Judge was an early United States television game show, which aired on New York City television WCBW (now WCBS-TV) beginning January 4, 1946. It is notable as an early example of television programming, though it was not a network series. In each episode, a real-life court case would be re-enacted, and three \"amateur judges\" (contestants) would make their decisions on the case. The \"judge\"","psg_id":"17659412"},{"title":"What Do You Mean?","text":"What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \"slick beat\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while","psg_id":"18937831"},{"title":"To Be and to Have","text":"of stress as a direct consequence of the film.\" To Be and to Have To Be and To Have (; also the UK title) is a 2002 French documentary film directed by Nicolas Philibert about a small rural school. It was screened as an \"Out of Competition\" film at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival and achieved commercial success. The film became the subject of an unsuccessful legal action by the school's teacher, who said that he and the children's parents had been misled about the film's intended audience, and that he and the children had been exploited. The documentary's title","psg_id":"1728902"},{"title":"What Do You Mean?","text":"later, it returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. This means that it has spent five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. Bieber became only the fourth person to have the same single reach number one on the UK Singles Chart on three separate occasions. The other songs to top the chart three separate times are Frankie Laine's \"I Believe\", Guy Mitchell's \"Singing the Blues\" and Pharrell Williams' \"Happy\". 'What Do You Mean?' was the ninth best-selling single of 2015 in the UK with combined sales of 988,000 copies. In Australia, \"What Do","psg_id":"18937851"},{"title":"What Is to Be Done?","text":"to become Marxists. He goes on to argue that to understand politics you must understand all of society, not just workers and their economic struggles with their employers. To become political and to become Marxists, workers need to learn about all of society, not just their own corner of it: Class political consciousness can be brought to the workers \"only from without\"; that is, only from outside the economic struggle, from outside the sphere of relations between workers and employers. The sphere from which alone it is possible to obtain this knowledge is the sphere of relationships (of \"all\" classes","psg_id":"17513538"},{"title":"Proud as a Peacock","text":"\"Smart as a Peacock\", which was meant as a way for SNL staff to ridicule NBC for causing SNL's disputes and problems during that time. \"Proud as a peacock\" is a saying that is used to mean a vain or self-centered person. The phrase comes from the plumage of the male peafowl (females are peahens). When a male is courting, he spreads his tail feathers, sometimes five feet in length, out in a fan pattern to attract a female. Thus, someone who is \"proud as a peacock\" is similarly \"strutting his stuff\". Proud as a Peacock \"Proud as a Peacock\"","psg_id":"4630029"},{"title":"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress","text":"society features complete racial integration, which becomes a vehicle for social commentary when Mannie, visiting the Southeastern United States, is arrested for polygamy after he innocently shows a picture of his multiracial family to reporters, and learns that the \"range of color in Davis family was what got [the] judge angry enough\" to have him arrested. It is later revealed that this arrest was anticipated and provoked by his fellow conspirators to gain emotional support from Loonies when the arrest is announced. The novel is notable stylistically for its use of an invented Lunar dialect consisting predominantly of standard English","psg_id":"644571"},{"title":"What a Time to Be Alive","text":"platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over a million units. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes and Tidal. Notes Credits adapted from album's liner notes and Tidal. Musicians Technical What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \"What a Time to Be Alive\" was supported by Drake and","psg_id":"19036619"},{"title":"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?","text":"contestant's answer needs to be verified. The question is asked because the rules require that the contestants must clearly indicate their choices before they are made official, the nature of the game allowing them to ponder the options before committing to an answer. Regularly on tier-three questions, a dramatic pause occurs between the contestant's statement of their answer and the host's acknowledgement of whether or not it is correct. Many parodies of \"Millionaire\" have capitalised on the \"final answer\" catchphrase. In the United States, the phrase was popularised by Philbin during his tenure as the host of that country's version,","psg_id":"491544"},{"title":"What Do You Mean?","text":"On the chart dated 6 February 2016, the song spent a 21st consecutive week inside the Hot 100's top ten, tying with Nicki Minaj's \"Starships\" and Maroon 5's \"Sugar\" for the most weeks a song has logged in the Hot 100's top 10 from its debut. The record was surpassed later by Bieber's \"Love Yourself\", which spent 23 consecutive weeks in the top ten since its debut. As of February 2016, \"What Do You Mean?\" has sold over 1,600,000 copies in the United States. In Bieber's native Canada, \"What Do You Mean?\" debuted at number one on the Canadian Hot","psg_id":"18937847"},{"title":"Refusing to assist a police officer","text":"or by any judge, is punishable by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000).\" 18-8-107. Refusing to aid a peace officer \"A person, eighteen years of age or older, commits a class 1 petty offense when, upon command by a person known to him to be a peace officer, he unreasonably refuses or fails to aid the peace officer in effecting or securing an arrest or preventing the commission by another of any offense.\" Colorado Revised Statutes 2013 35 Title 16 16-3-202. Assisting peace officer - arrest - furnishing information -","psg_id":"18253854"},{"title":"What Have You Done to Solange?","text":"in for the role. Keaton described working with Dallamano as challenging as she was only learning to speak Italian and he spoke very little English. For her role, Dallamano told her that she was looking for someone who looked frail and ordered her not to tan while filming. \"What Have You Done to Solange?\" was released in both Italy and West Germany on March 9, 1972. Fulvio Lucisano stated that the film was the first \"giallo\" film to be shown at the Adriano Theater in Rome, which normally did not show films of the genre. In West Germany, it was","psg_id":"13027166"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?\",\n \"text\": \"a necessary precondition for understanding the mind-body problem. Dennett denies Nagel's claim that the bat's consciousness is inaccessible, contending that any \\\"interesting or theoretically important\\\" features of a bat's consciousness would be amenable to third-person observation. For instance, it is clear that bats cannot detect objects more than a few meters away because echolocation has a limited range. He holds that any similar aspects of its experiences could be gleaned by further scientific experiments. What Is it Like to Be a Bat? \\\"What is it like to be a bat?\\\" is a paper by American philosopher Thomas Nagel, first published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902787\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)\",\n \"text\": \"the Gil Evans Orchestra for their 1975 album \\\"Plays the Music of Jimi Hendrix\\\", which was followed in 1999 with recordings by Laurie Anderson and Tracy Scott Silverman, before the Turtle Island Quartet recorded a classical version for the Hendrix-focused collection \\\"Have You Ever Been…\\\" released in 2010. The song was covered by American deathrock band Christian Death on their 1987 album \\\"The Scriptures\\\". The Allman Brothers performed it live several times at the end of their career, several recordings exist. Musical personnel Additional personnel 1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be) \\\"1983… (A Merman I Should Turn to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10513734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"To Be and to Have\",\n \"text\": \"To Be and to Have To Be and To Have (; also the UK title) is a 2002 French documentary film directed by Nicolas Philibert about a small rural school. It was screened as an \\\"Out of Competition\\\" film at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival and achieved commercial success. The film became the subject of an unsuccessful legal action by the school's teacher, who said that he and the children's parents had been misled about the film's intended audience, and that he and the children had been exploited. The documentary's title translates as \\\"to be and to have\\\", the two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1728896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Murder conviction without a body\",\n \"text\": \"on 10 August 1949. Haigh had misinterpreted the Latin legal phrase \\\"corpus delicti\\\" (referring to the body of evidence which establish a crime) to mean an actual human body. This was one of the first instances of forensic science being used in such cases. In 1951, New Zealand criminal George Cecil Horry was convicted of the murder of his wife, although her body was never found. The Horry case helped to overturn the long-standing principle in other common law jurisdictions. The rule was finally abolished for practical purposes in the UK with the 1954 case of Michail Onufrejczyk. He and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10480082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is to Be Done?\",\n \"text\": \"what Lenin’s real views were\\\". Therefore, Lih argues, the word спонтанность, when translated as \\\"spontaneity\\\", distorts his views and has different contextual connotations; how конспирация does not mean \\\"conspiracy\\\", but \\\"the rules and procedures needed for an underground organisation to survive\\\"; тред-юнионизм does not mean \\\"trade unionism\\\", but non-revolutionary \\\"only trade unionism\\\"; and революционер по профессии should not be translated as \\\"professional revolutionary\\\". What Is to Be Done? What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement () is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17513541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\",\n \"text\": \"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry \\\"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\\\" is a song by British girl group The Caravelles. The single reached No. 3 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and No.6 on the UK Singles Chart in 1963. The song had previously charted in the US by Ernest Tubb, Moon Mullican, and Tennessee Ernie Ford in the 1950s. The song was originally recorded by Moon Mullican, Ernest Tubb and Jimmy Dorsey in 1950. \\\"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\\\" was also recorded by Billie Davis in 1963. Her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10959180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Have You Done to Solange?\",\n \"text\": \"released under the title \\\"Das Geheimnis der grünen Stecknadel\\\" where it was distributed by Constantin. The film has been released under various English-language titles, including \\\"The Secret of the Green Pin\\\", \\\"The School That Couldn't Scream\\\", and \\\"Who's Next?\\\". It is most commonly known under the title \\\"What Have You Done to Solange?\\\". In 2005, the Venice Film Festival had a day in honour of Fulvio Lucisano Day as part of its \\\"Secret History of Italian Cinema\\\" screenings, which included a screening of a restored version of \\\"What Have You Done to Solange?\\\". \\\"What Have You Done to Solange?\\\" was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13027167\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"So You Want to Be a Wizard\",\n \"text\": \"and Assyrian writings. I don't think I'd qualify as human if it didn't turn up in mine. \\\"So You Want to Be a Wizard\\\" is listed in \\\"What Else Should I Read? Guiding Kids to Good Books, Vol. 2\\\" by Matt Berman as well as \\\"Rip-Roaring Reads for Reluctant Teen Readers\\\" by Gale W. Sherman and Bette D. Ammon. \\\"So You Want to Be a Wizard\\\" has won the \\\"ALA Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Adult Readers\\\" award. So You Want to Be a Wizard So You Want to Be a Wizard is the first book in the Young Wizards\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6835030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You, Too, Can Have a Body\",\n \"text\": \"work on a TV play as mysterious goings on happen at the castle. You, Too, Can Have a Body You, Too, Can Have a Body is a 1960 Australian TV play that screened as part of \\\"The General Motors Hour\\\". It was based on a play which had been performed on stage and television in England. It was shot in the GTV 9 Studios in Melbourne. Two television scriptwriters—Chick Weld (Bill Maynnrd) and Lucky Wilson (Mark Kelly) — accept an invitation from Lord Leverdale to stay at the haunted Creckwood Castle. The castle is haunted by The Black Monk, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20023857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye\",\n \"text\": \"on my feet. I'd say, 'Jackie, go on.' Jackie would look up at me and his purr would get a little louder, but he would not leave.\\\" The title of the album was taken from a song of the same name, \\\"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\\\", which was later cut during the sequencing process and remains unreleased. Design and layout for \\\"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\\\" was created by Grammy-award winning designer, Peter Buchanan-Smith, and features original artwork, liner notes, and a short story by Tom Brosseau. What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye What I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9287271\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You, Too, Can Have a Body\",\n \"text\": \"You, Too, Can Have a Body You, Too, Can Have a Body is a 1960 Australian TV play that screened as part of \\\"The General Motors Hour\\\". It was based on a play which had been performed on stage and television in England. It was shot in the GTV 9 Studios in Melbourne. Two television scriptwriters—Chick Weld (Bill Maynnrd) and Lucky Wilson (Mark Kelly) — accept an invitation from Lord Leverdale to stay at the haunted Creckwood Castle. The castle is haunted by The Black Monk, who was tortured to death in 1305 for practising magic. The two script writers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20023856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\",\n \"text\": \"version remained unreleased until her compilation \\\"Watcha Gonna Do?\\\" was released in 2007. It was also recorded and released by Ceil Clayton in 1964 and re-released in 1968. Her version appeared on her debut album, \\\"Ceil Clayton\\\", and also on her second album, \\\"I meet the Nicest People\\\", on the Norman Records label. Julie London also recorded the song on her 1964 LP \\\"Julie London\\\" (Liberty Records LST-7342 US). You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry \\\"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry\\\" is a song by British girl group The Caravelles. The single reached No.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10959181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Light as a feather, stiff as a board\",\n \"text\": \"that it will now be easier to lift this person than before. All versions of the game end with the phrase \\\"light as a feather, stiff as a board\\\" chanted by the entire group, (save for the prone person, who pretends to be dead) as they attempt to lift their companion's body using only their fingertips. Some versions omit the story entirely and only the \\\"light as a feather...\\\" chant is used. Allegedly, after these repetitions, the person being lifted will seem lighter or even entirely weightless. Another variation of the game takes place with one person seated in a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7067548\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?\",\n \"text\": \"only unquestionable fact of our experience\\\", meaning that each individual only knows what it is like to be them (Subjectivism). Objectivity, requires an unbiased, non-subjective state of perception. For Nagel, the objective perspective is not feasible, because humans are limited to subjective experience. Nagel concludes with the contention that it would be wrong to assume that physicalism is incorrect, since that position is also imperfectly understood. Physicalism claims that states and events are physical, but those physical states and events are only imperfectly characterized. Nevertheless, he holds that physicalism cannot be understood without characterizing objective and subjective experience. That is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902786\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be\",\n \"text\": \"and What Should Never Be\\\" was performed live at Led Zeppelin concerts between 1969 and 1973. A live version taken from a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970 can be seen on the \\\"Led Zeppelin DVD\\\". Another was included on disc two of the live triple album \\\"How The West Was Won\\\". Two more versions were included in BBC Sessions. What Is and What Should Never Be \\\"What Is and What Should Never Be\\\" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant and was included as the second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5616997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What You Mean We?\",\n \"text\": \"Anderson (and her Clone) returned to host the 1987 season of \\\"Alive from Off Center\\\". Although this film has yet to be rereleased in its entirety to home video, segments such as \\\"The Dream Before\\\" and \\\"Smoke Rings\\\" were included on the compilation \\\"\\\". Anderson would later return to the experiment of creating an alter ego with her CD-ROM release \\\"Puppet Motel\\\", which replaced the clone with a ventriloquist dummy. Anderson and Spalding Gray collaborated again in 1987 when she provided the soundtrack music to his performance film \\\"Swimming to Cambodia\\\". What You Mean We? What You Mean We? is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6416875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Preemptive arrest\",\n \"text\": \"plot. Preemptive arrest A preemptive arrest is one in which a person is arrested prior to committing a crime. Preemptive arrests are sometimes viewed with suspicion as being contrary to the principles of a democracy. This practice is distinct from an arrest on a charge of conspiracy to commit a crime, which for example in the United States federal system is itself a crime. A conspiracy charge in this system must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, and requires that two or more parties have agreed to or planned to commit a crime and have taken concrete action to advance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14763702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Preemptive arrest\",\n \"text\": \"Preemptive arrest A preemptive arrest is one in which a person is arrested prior to committing a crime. Preemptive arrests are sometimes viewed with suspicion as being contrary to the principles of a democracy. This practice is distinct from an arrest on a charge of conspiracy to commit a crime, which for example in the United States federal system is itself a crime. A conspiracy charge in this system must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, and requires that two or more parties have agreed to or planned to commit a crime and have taken concrete action to advance this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14763701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\",\n \"text\": \"Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\\\" as the main song. Additional track listings can be found on the page about \\\"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)\\\". \\\"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\\\" was heavily remixed for single release. The version used for the music video was also released on 7-inch vinyl and cassette-single. Due to its playing time of 4:10 minutes, it is often confused with the similar \\\"Perfect Attitude mix\\\", which has an identical playing time, but a different introduction. How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously? \\\"How Can You\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10789929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)\",\n \"text\": \"Listening chart and #7 on the UK Singles Chart. It would eventually be certified gold, selling over one million copies, and winning them a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1977. You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show) \\\"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)\\\" is a song by the husband/wife duo of Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr., former members of the vocal group The 5th Dimension. Released from their album, \\\"I Hope We Get to Love in Time\\\", it became\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11157295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Be a Latin Lover\",\n \"text\": \"based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 4.9/10. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 54 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \\\"A\\\" on an A+ to F scale. \\\"How to be a Latin Lover\\\" was released on Digital HD on August 1, 2017, and was released two weeks later on Blu-ray and DVD on August 15, 2017. How to Be a Latin Lover How to Be a Latin Lover is a 2017 American comedy film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19910464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)\",\n \"text\": \"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show) \\\"You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)\\\" is a song by the husband/wife duo of Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr., former members of the vocal group The 5th Dimension. Released from their album, \\\"I Hope We Get to Love in Time\\\", it became a crossover success, spending six months on the charts and soaring to number one on both the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and Hot Soul Singles charts during late 1976 and early 1977. The song also reached #6 on Billboard's Easy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11157294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be\",\n \"text\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be \\\"What Is and What Should Never Be\\\" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant and was included as the second track on \\\"Led Zeppelin II\\\" (1969). \\\"What is and What Should Never Be\\\" was one of the first songs on which Page used his soon-to-become trademark Gibson Les Paul for recording. The production makes liberal use of stereo as the guitars pan back and forth between channels. Robert Plant's vocals were phased during the verses. Record producer Rick Rubin has remarked, \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5616995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye\",\n \"text\": \"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye is a 2005 album by Tom Brosseau and features a cast of notable Los Angeles, California musicians. It was produced by Sam Jones (\\\", Off Camera with Sam Jones, Lost Songs: The Basement Tapes Continued).\\\" When the album was released, \\\"West of Town\\\" received much attention from KEXP host John Richards, which eventually lead to Brosseau's appearance on The Mid Day Show with Cheryl Waters. The composition, \\\"Grafton\\\", which appears on this album, was originally on \\\"North Dakota\\\" under the slightly different title, \\\"Grafton, ND\\\". The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9287269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hard to Be a God\",\n \"text\": \"to Earth with utmost speed, as \\\"all that we hold dear should be either in our hearts or on Earth\\\". Before Budah's departure, Rumata asks him a theological question: \\\"what would you ask a god, if he could come from sky and fulfill any of your wishes?\\\". After a long discussion – with Budah wishing and Rumata explaining the dire consequences of each of the wishes, Budah finally states that the only true gift a god could give the people is to leave them to their affairs. To this, Rumata replies that a god cannot bear the sight of their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5723761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?\",\n \"text\": \"of experience, and the subjective character of experience cannot be explained by a reductionist being; it is a mental phenomenon that cannot be reduced to materialism. Thus for consciousness to be explained from a reductionist stance, the idea of the subjective character of experience would have to be discarded, which is absurd. Neither can a physicalist view, because in such a world each phenomenal experience had by a conscious being would have to have a physical property attributed to it, which is impossible to prove due to the subjectivity of conscious experience. Nagel argues that each and every subjective experience\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902783\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician\",\n \"text\": \"for You)\\\" by Ben Liebrand, all of which remain unreleased on CD. Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician \\\"Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician\\\" is a 1987 single by Grace Jones. The song was the third European single from Grace Jones' 1986 album \\\"Inside Story\\\", co-produced by Jones and Nile Rodgers. It was released simultaneously with \\\"Crush\\\", which promoted \\\"Inside Story\\\" in North America. The horns on the track were played by Lenny Pickett, Stan Harrison, Steve Elson, and Mac Gollehon under the collective name The Borneo Horns. The 12\\\" single featured remixes of \\\"Victor Should Have Been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12153549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!\",\n \"text\": \"a trio of experimental albums, \\\"Brer Soul\\\", \\\"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\\\" and \\\"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\\\", which were considered to be spoken word at the time, due to their use of sprechgesang. Modern critics have since dubbed these albums as precursors to hip hop music. Van Peebles wanted to record an album that showed that he could perform in a more traditional form, as opposed to the style he had used on his previous albums, titling it \\\"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\\\" because of this. \\\"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\\\" places more emphasis on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7976677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?\",\n \"text\": \"perceptional experiences. While it is possible to imagine what it would be like to fly, navigate by sonar, hang upside down and eat insects like a bat, that is not the same as a bat's perspective. Nagel claims that even if humans were able to metamorphose gradually into bats, their brains would not have been wired as a bat's from birth; therefore, they would only be able to experience the life and behaviors of a bat, rather than the mindset. Such is the difference between subjective and objective points of view. According to Nagel, \\\"our own mental activity is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What You Mean We?\",\n \"text\": \"What You Mean We? What You Mean We? is the title of a 1986 American made-for-television musical short film starring the performance artist Laurie Anderson, who also wrote and directed the piece. Originally produced as a segment of the PBS arts series \\\"Alive from Off Center\\\", the film runs a little less than a half-hour and is broken into several segments. The film begins with Anderson being interviewed on a faux talk show (the interviewer's voice is provided by Spalding Gray), talking about how her popularity and workload has become too much for one person to handle. So, after speaking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6416870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Have a nice day\",\n \"text\": \"a nice day\\\". The phrase can have passive–aggressive connotations, and can be caustically used to end transactions with abusive customers. The speaker may also use the phrase ironically, in either a purposeful or unintentional manner. Roly Sussex of \\\"The Courier-Mail\\\" wrote that \\\"have a nice day\\\" can sound \\\"a touch brusque\\\" in comparison with \\\"you have a nice day\\\". Deeming the word \\\"you\\\" as moderating the imperative, Sussex stated that the word \\\"you\\\" causes the phrase to seem like a mixture of a command and a hope. He wrote that using \\\"you\\\" in imperatives is more common with people under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\",\n \"text\": \"playing himself. You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me \\\"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\\\" is a 1930 popular song. The credits list music and lyrics as written by Sammy Fain, Irving Kahal, and Pierre Norman. Since Fain was primarily a music writer and Kahal a lyricist, it may be assumed that the music was by Fain and lyrics were by Kahal, with Norman's contribution uncertain. The song was introduced in the movie \\\"The Big Pond\\\" (1930) by Maurice Chevalier who also made a successful recording of it the same year. Other hit recordings in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8996313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\",\n \"text\": \"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me \\\"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\\\" is a 1930 popular song. The credits list music and lyrics as written by Sammy Fain, Irving Kahal, and Pierre Norman. Since Fain was primarily a music writer and Kahal a lyricist, it may be assumed that the music was by Fain and lyrics were by Kahal, with Norman's contribution uncertain. The song was introduced in the movie \\\"The Big Pond\\\" (1930) by Maurice Chevalier who also made a successful recording of it the same year. Other hit recordings in 1930 were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8996311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"To Have or to Be?\",\n \"text\": \"lost their inner selves. The point of being is more important as everyone is mortal, and thus having of possessions will become useless after their death, because the possessions which are transferred to the life after death, will be what the person actually was inside. To Have or to Be? To Have or to Be? is a 1976 book by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, in which he differentiates between having and being. It was originally published in the World Perspectives book series edited by Ruth Nanda Anshen for Harper & Row publishing firm. Fromm writes that modern society has become materialistic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14143638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse\",\n \"text\": \"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse is a demo album by the American metal band The Black Dahlia Murder, released independently in May 2001. It is the band's only record to feature Sean Gauvreau on bass. Although The Black Dahlia Murder are considered a melodic death metal band, the style of the demo has also been described as metalcore. Vocalist Trevor Strnad said in a interview that much of the material on the demo is a blatant \\\"rip-off\\\" of the metalcore band Prayer for Cleansing. Its title is derived from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11630192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\",\n \"text\": \"and raises the chill bumps at every turn.\\\" \\\"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) debuted at number 61 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of February 4, 1995. Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) \\\"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in January 1995 as the fourth single from the album \\\"When Love Finds You\\\". The song reached number 4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14847545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?\",\n \"text\": \"the organism to be itself.\\\" Daniel Dennett, a critic of Nagel's argument, nevertheless called this paper \\\"the most widely cited and influential thought experiment about consciousness.\\\" The thesis attempts to refute reductionism (the philosophical position that a complex system is nothing more than the sum of its parts). For example, a physicalist reductionist's approach to the mind–body problem holds that the mental process humans experience as consciousness can be fully described via physical processes in the brain and body. Nagel begins by arguing that the conscious experience is widespread, present in many animals (particularly mammals), and that for an organism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\",\n \"text\": \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) \\\"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in January 1995 as the fourth single from the album \\\"When Love Finds You\\\". The song reached number 4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Gill and Bill Anderson. Deborah Evans Price, of \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine reviewed the song favorably calling it a \\\"classic slow country waltz.\\\" She goes on to say that the song \\\"makes optimum use of those classic changes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14847544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Nod Is As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse\",\n \"text\": \"new vinyl reissue even replicated the poster included with the first-pressing vinyl release. The album was included in the book \\\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\\\". Side One Side Two 2015 Reissue bonus tracks A Nod Is As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse A Nod's As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse was the third album by British rock group Faces, and their second album of 1971. Bolstered somewhat by lead singer Rod Stewart's recent solo success with \\\"Maggie May\\\", it was their most successful album worldwide, peaking at No. 6 in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4214035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A good day to die (phrase)\",\n \"text\": \"published in 1881, author Judson Elliott Walker relates an account from Low Dog, as told to Captain Howe of the Standing Rock Agency: \\\"I [Low Dog] called to my men: 'This is a good day to die; follow me'\\\". This is the first known (published) use of the phrase. In \\\"Black Elk Speaks\\\" published in 1932, recounting the Battle of the Little Bighorn described the warriors under Crazy Horse: \\\"...off toward the west and north they were yelling \\\" Hokahey!\\\" like a big wind roaring, and making the tremolo; and you could hear eagle bone whistles screaming\\\". \\\"Hokahey\\\" is simply\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18389306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Have You Done to Solange?\",\n \"text\": \"remake of \\\"What Have You Done to Solange?\\\". The film will be produced by Refn's Space Rocket Nation banner along with producer Fulvio Lucisano. What Have You Done to Solange? What Have You Done to Solange? () is a 1972 \\\"giallo\\\" film directed by Massimo Dallamano, and starring Fabio Testi, Karin Baal, Joachim Fuchsberger, Cristina Galbó, and Camille Keaton. The plot follows a series of violent murders occurring at a Catholic girls' school in England where a young student has gone missing. The film is a co-production between Italian production companies Italian International Films S.r.l., Clodio Cinematografica and West German\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13027173\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse\",\n \"text\": \"the NES game \\\"\\\", where it appears in a text box during the in-game transition from day to night. An eponymous song was later recorded for the band's 2007 album \\\"Nocturnal\\\". The song \\\"Burning the Hive\\\" was re-recorded for the band's 2002 EP, \\\"A Cold-Blooded Epitaph\\\". What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse is a demo album by the American metal band The Black Dahlia Murder, released independently in May 2001. It is the band's only record to feature Sean Gauvreau on bass. Although The Black Dahlia Murder are considered a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11630193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat?\",\n \"text\": \"What Is it Like to Be a Bat? \\\"What is it like to be a bat?\\\" is a paper by American philosopher Thomas Nagel, first published in \\\"The Philosophical Review\\\" in October 1974, and later in Nagel's \\\"Mortal Questions\\\" (1979). In it, Nagel argues that materialist theories of mind omit the essential component of consciousness, namely that there is something that it is (or feels) like to be a particular, conscious thing. He argues that an organism has conscious mental states, \\\"if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism—something it is like \\\"for\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9902780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Your Body Is a Wonderland\",\n \"text\": \"in 2002, but she denied it. Hewitt told \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\", \\\"My body is far from a wonderland. My body is more like a pawnshop. There's a lot of interesting things put together, and if you look closely you'd probably be excited, but at first glance, not so much\\\". According to the liner notes, a toy piano is used as an instrument in the song. The line \\\"I'm never speaking up again\\\", sung in the background, is also prominently featured in the chorus to the song \\\"My Stupid Mouth\\\", which appears just before the song on \\\"Room For Squares\\\". All songs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8941889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body\",\n \"text\": \"The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18599974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing\",\n \"text\": \"female, and speaks Spanish, using the phrase \\\"\\\"Todo está bien chévere\\\"\\\", which loosely translates as \\\"Everything's really great.\\\" The song's second chorus begins with Stevie taking the vocals up an octave, with two vocal overdubs singing the same line. He also mimics the horn line with harmonised scat singing. Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing \\\"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing\\\" is a single by Stevie Wonder, taken from his 1973 album \\\"Innervisions\\\". It reached number 16 on the \\\"\\\"Billboard\\\" Pop Singles\\\" chart, number 10 on the \\\"Cash Box\\\" chart, and number 2 on the R&B chart. The song's lyrics\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7700975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\\\" \\\"USA Today\\\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \\\"catchy dance track for the club\\\". Similarly, a writer for \\\"The Daily Beast\\\" said, \\\"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\\\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \\\"banger\\\", explaining, \\\"the track is classic JB: seductive,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18937838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be (Supernatural)\",\n \"text\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be (Supernatural) \\\"What Is and What Should Never Be\\\" is the twentieth episode of the paranormal drama television series \\\"Supernatural\\\"s second season. It was first broadcast on May 3, 2007 on The CW. The narrative follows series protagonist Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles) who finds himself in an alternate reality after a confrontation with a djinn . The creature appears to have fulfilled Dean's greatest wish: that his mother had not been killed when he was a child. Dean is happy in the new world until it becomes apparent that his previous work as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10175344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\",\n \"text\": \"for changing the nature of the legal profession so that less power is vested in legal professionals and institutions, and legal analysis is reoriented to be more egalitarian and advance more effectively the democratic project. Jeremy Waldron, reviewing \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\" in the \\\"Columbia Law Review\\\", praised the book as an \\\"eminently readable\\\" text encompassing many of the same themes that Unger explored in his three-volume \\\"Politics: A Work in Constructive Social Theory\\\". Waldron notes that Unger's argument in the book has a negative and a positive side. Waldron finds the negative side of Unger's argument—in which Unger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19001722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee\",\n \"text\": \"a 1.9 rating and was watched by a total of 3.91 million people, making it the second most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and \\\"American Dad!\\\" but losing to \\\"Family Guy\\\" with 4.17 million. In May 2015, after a corruption scandal at FIFA, the real-life world governing body of soccer, the episode received attention over social media, a phenomenon reported on by media such as the BBC. You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee \\\"You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee\\\" is the sixteenth episode of the 25th season of the American animated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17577947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\",\n \"text\": \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously? \\\"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\\\" is the third single from Pet Shop Boys' album \\\"Behaviour\\\". It was released in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)\\\" by Parlophone Records on 11 March 1991. It was subsequently released as a single in its own right in the United States and France. The single later peaked at a low number 93 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. As \\\"Being Boring\\\" and \\\"It's Alright\\\" were not released in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10789927\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Are You What You Want to Be?\",\n \"text\": \"on September 9, 2014 as the album's fourth single. The song is also used on EA Sports game, \\\"FIFA 15\\\". Are You What You Want to Be? \\\"Are You What You Want to Be?\\\" is a song by American indie pop band Foster the People. It serves as the opening track on their second studio album, \\\"Supermodel\\\", and was released as the album's fourth single on September 8, 2014. An audio stream of \\\"Are You What You Want to Be?\\\" was uploaded by the band's Vevo account to YouTube on August 5, 2014 accompanied by its single cover. The song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18225947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Do You Want to See a Dead Body?\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Want to See a Dead Body? Do You Want to See a Dead Body? is an American surreal comedy web television series that premiered on November 17, 2017 on YouTube Red. The series was created by Owen Burke and Rob Huebel, who stars in the series as a fictionalized version of himself. \\\"Do You Want to See a Dead Body?\\\" follows \\\"Rob Huebel and his celebrity friends who begrudgingly join him on adventures that see them frolicking at the beach, getting tacos...oh...and seeing a dead body.\\\" The concept for the series originated out of a recurring sketch from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20501025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Be a Latin Lover\",\n \"text\": \"How to Be a Latin Lover How to Be a Latin Lover is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Ken Marino, written by Chris Spain and Jon Zack and stars Eugenio Derbez, Salma Hayek, Raphael Alejandro, Raquel Welch, Rob Riggle, Rob Huebel, Rob Corddry, Renée Taylor, Linda Lavin, Kristen Bell, and Rob Lowe. The film follows a man who has spent his whole life married to a rich old woman, and must learn to make it on his own when she kicks him out. It was released on April 28, 2017 by Pantelion Films and grossed $61 million worldwide.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19910459\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Have You Done to Solange?\",\n \"text\": \"influenced by American films such as \\\"Dirty Harry\\\" and \\\"The French Connection\\\". Dallamano's next film in the \\\"Schoolgirls in Peril\\\" trilogy was \\\"What Have They Done to Your Daughters?\\\", a film with similar themes to \\\"What Have You Done to Solange?\\\". The final part of the series was \\\"Red Rings of Fear\\\". It was released on August 19, 1978. Dallamano is credited as a screenwriter on the film, and was intended to direct the film, but he died before the film began production. Director Nicolas Winding Refn announced in 2016 that he was seeking a director and screenwriter for a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13027172\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Legal person\",\n \"text\": \"or political body which they are a part of. The concept of legal personhood for organizations of people is at least as old as Ancient Rome: a variety of collegial institutions enjoyed the benefit under Roman law. The doctrine has been attributed to Pope Innocent IV, who seems at least to have helped spread the idea of \\\"persona ficta\\\" as it is called in Latin. In canon law, the doctrine of \\\"persona ficta\\\" allowed monasteries to have a legal existence that was apart from the monks, simplifying the difficulty in balancing the need for such groups to have infrastructure though\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1716284\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Which?\",\n \"text\": \"Which? can seek an injunction to restrain the use of an unfair contract term by a trader against consumers. Which? is one of the 'specified bodies' who, under the Enterprise and Competition Acts, may bring proceedings before the Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT) on behalf of two or more consumers for damages. Which? was granted specified body status on 1 October 2005 by the Ministers of the Department of Trade and Industry. In April 2007 Which? launched its first representative action on behalf of consumers unlawfully overcharged for football shirts due to price fixing. The Consumers’ Association owns an operational company\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2084569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Are You What You Want to Be?\",\n \"text\": \"Are You What You Want to Be? \\\"Are You What You Want to Be?\\\" is a song by American indie pop band Foster the People. It serves as the opening track on their second studio album, \\\"Supermodel\\\", and was released as the album's fourth single on September 8, 2014. An audio stream of \\\"Are You What You Want to Be?\\\" was uploaded by the band's Vevo account to YouTube on August 5, 2014 accompanied by its single cover. The song impacted contemporary hit radio in the United Kingdom on September 8, 2014 and modern rock radio in the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18225946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dear Zachary: A Letter to a Son About His Father\",\n \"text\": \"and visited Zachary in July 2003. In jail, Turner wrote to a judge and, contrary to normal legal procedure, received advice on how to appeal her arrest and imprisonment. Turner was later released by a Newfoundland judge, Gale Welsh, who — despite what the film presents as ample evidence that Turner was psychologically disturbed — felt she did not pose a threat to society in general. Turner was therefore released on bail and successfully sued for joint custody of Zachary with the Bagbys, although their arrangement was tenuous. The arrangement ended in tragedy when, on August 18, 2003, Turner jumped\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11587104\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston tastes good like a cigarette should\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What did you want, good grammar or good taste?\\\" \\\"I wanted to live a lot longer than this!\\\"). With the new slogan in wide use, \\\"Winston tastes good like a cigarette should\\\" was retired permanently in 1972. In 1981, actor James Garner claimed responsibility for the wording of the slogan during an interview with \\\"Playboy\\\" magazine. Garner, who narrated the original commercial, stated that his first action ever to be captured on film was to misread the line that had been provided to him. However, as noted above, the advertisements first appeared in print before their debut on television, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8290282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A moron in a hurry\",\n \"text\": \"Beck's name in a parody website. A moron in a hurry A moron in a hurry is a legal test for trademark infringement or passing off in which a hypothetical person against whom a claimant's concern might be judged in a civil law action. The expression is used to reject a claim that two items could reasonably be confused by a passer-by: that \\\"only a moron in a hurry\\\" would be confused. If the items offered for sale are distinct, the goodwill and brand of one trader cannot be affected by another's. The \\\"moron in a hurry\\\" phrase was first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7691426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Resisting arrest\",\n \"text\": \"law to make a lawful arrest, lawful detention, or seizure of property or to serve any lawful process or court order when the offender knows or has reason to know that the person arresting, detaining, seizing property, or serving process is acting in his official capacity. B. (1) The phrase \\\"obstruction of\\\" as used herein shall, in addition to its common meaning, signification, and connotation mean the following: (a) Flight by one sought to be arrested before the arresting officer can restrain him and after notice is given that he is under arrest. (b) Any violence toward or any resistance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7137845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A moron in a hurry\",\n \"text\": \"A moron in a hurry A moron in a hurry is a legal test for trademark infringement or passing off in which a hypothetical person against whom a claimant's concern might be judged in a civil law action. The expression is used to reject a claim that two items could reasonably be confused by a passer-by: that \\\"only a moron in a hurry\\\" would be confused. If the items offered for sale are distinct, the goodwill and brand of one trader cannot be affected by another's. The \\\"moron in a hurry\\\" phrase was first used by Mr Justice Foster in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7691421\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Have a nice day\",\n \"text\": \"Rights in Israel paid for ads on television and radio stations in Israel. In the television ads, the Arabic phrase for \\\"have a nice day\\\" would flash onto the screen in black letters and on a red background. Immediately following the Arabic phrase would be a Hebrew phrase that said, \\\"Are you already against it without even knowing what it says? All we wanted to say is have a nice day.\\\" Spokeswoman Abir Kopty stated that \\\"[t]he purpose of this campaign was mainly to cause the Israeli public sitting at home, or walking down the street, to ask itself why\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Refusing to assist a police officer\",\n \"text\": \"aid any person known by the person to be a peace officer is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor. (2) This section does not apply if under the circumstances the officer was not authorized to command such assistance.\\\" TITLE 7 - CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS 7-3-209. Authority of person making arrest to command assistance. \\\"Every officer or other person authorized by the governor to make the arrest has the same authority in arresting the accused to command assistance as sheriffs and other officers have in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with the like\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18253902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Mean?\\\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18937858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\",\n \"text\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in order to transform society to be more radically democratic, it is necessary to penetrate the specialized professions so that we can talk about, and imagine, institutions effectively. Unger focuses on the legal profession in this book, setting forth a vision of law as \\\"institutional imagination.\\\" He presents a program\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19001721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Have a nice day\",\n \"text\": \"generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive. Critics of the phrase characterize it as an imperative, obliging the person to have a nice day. Other critics argue that it is a parting platitude that comes across as pretended. While defenders of the phrase agree that \\\"Have a nice day\\\" can be used insincerely, they consider the phrase to be comforting, in that it improves interactions among people. Others favor the phrase because it does not require a response. A variant of the phrase—\\\"have a good day\\\"—is first recorded in \\\"Layamon's Brut\\\" (c. 1205) and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Have a nice day\",\n \"text\": \"He stated that when people say \\\"thank you\\\", they admit that they are dependent on others, which leads to a healthier, safer society. J. Broad wrote that the phrase \\\"have a nice day\\\" is an apt middle ground for the \\\"drop dead\\\" the cashier is thinking and the \\\"come back soon\\\" the owner wants. Broad stated that the phrase is meaningless because it has been castrated by excessive usage and pretense. He compared the phrase to the salutation \\\"How are you?\\\" and the phrase \\\"had a lovely time\\\", which are \\\"conversational space-fillers\\\" that help prevent embarrassing silences. Usage of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What You Mean We?\",\n \"text\": \"to get a show put together for a fast-approaching opening.\\\" \\\"What you mean, we?\\\" the Clone replies sullenly. The first musical number in the film is an early version—performed by the Clone—of a song titled \\\"The Dream Before\\\" (a.k.a. \\\"Hansel and Gretel are Alive and Well\\\"), which would later be recorded for Anderson's album \\\"Strange Angels\\\". After this sequence, the film shifts to an all-night diner where an incompetent chef is shown causing havoc in a kitchen while making breakfast and singing along to a fast dance mix of the song \\\"Smoke Rings\\\" from Anderson's then-recent concert film \\\"Home of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6416873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"If a Body Meets a Body\",\n \"text\": \"revealing the will, which was hidden underneath it. After excitedly reading the will, Curly learns that he has been bequeathed a grand total of $0.67 net. The film title is a pun on a line from the traditional Scottish song by Robert Burns, \\\"Coming Through the Rye\\\" (as in \\\"Should a body meet a body/Coming through the rye/Should a body kiss a body/Need a body cry?\\\"). The plot device is borrowed from \\\"The Laurel-Hardy Murder Case\\\", which also features actor Fred Kelsey. \\\"If a Body Meets a Body\\\" was filmed on March 9-13, 1945. It was the first film produced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11309973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be\",\n \"text\": \"descending riff [of \\\"What Is and What Should Never Be\\\"] is amazing: It's like a bow is being drawn back, and then it releases. The rhythm of the vocals is almost like a rap. It's insane — one of their most psychedelic songs.\\\" This was also one of the first songs recorded by the band for which Robert Plant received writing credit. According to rock journalist Stephen Davis, the author of the Led Zeppelin biography \\\"Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga\\\", the lyrics for this song reflect a romance Plant had with his wife's younger sister. \\\"What Is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5616996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a piece of work is a man\",\n \"text\": \"observed that the Folio text \\\"involves two grave difficulties\\\", namely that according to Elizabethan thought angels could apprehend but not act, making \\\"in action how like an angel\\\" nonsensical, and that \\\"express\\\" (which as an adjective means \\\"direct and purposive\\\") makes sense applied to \\\"action\\\", but goes very awkwardly with \\\"form and moving\\\". These difficulties are remedied if we read it thus: A source well known to Shakespeare is Psalm 8, especially verse 5: \\\"You have made [humans] a little lower than the heavenly beings and crowned them with glory and honor.\\\" Scholars have pointed out this section's similarities to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9799043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Have a nice day\",\n \"text\": \"responded \\\"Thank you very much, you have a nice day.\\\" The stress of suppressing their feelings and faking cheerfulness caused people like the telemarketer to feel insincere and phony. Individuals affected by the \\\"Have a Nice Day\\\" syndrome must carry out emotional labor, which could lead to diminished self-esteem, depression, and cynicism. Linguistically, \\\"have a nice day\\\" is a command in that the subject, the pronoun you, is intimated. It could be regarded as an exhortation to achieve an outcome that the recipient has no power to influence. However, it is also possible to interpret the phrase as a contraction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14147034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye\",\n \"text\": \"photo of the black cat wrapped around Brosseau's shoulders was taken on a whim by Sam Jones and not intended to be part of the album, but later it became the front cover. Since the cat was present throughout the entire recording of \\\"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\\\" including him on the front cover seemed a very fitting idea. In an experpt from the album's liner notes, Brosseau explains: \\\"The cat would come in the studio and keep me company. He would pussyfoot around the cables and cords, maybe sidle up against my leg and then fall down\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9287270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Light as a feather, stiff as a board\",\n \"text\": \"The lifters then retry lifting the sitter the same way as before. Also it can be that the lifters lift the person sitting in the chair; doing the rest of the ritual as so but holding at the four main points of the body (Under the knees on each side and under the shoulders.) In many strange versions, each of the (in the example) five people sitting around the other person uses only one or two of his or her fingers on each hand to do the weight lifting. It is particularly easy to lift a heavy weight when it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7067550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Time to Be Alive\",\n \"text\": \"What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \\\"What a Time to Be Alive\\\" was supported by Drake and Future's previous collaboration on the single \\\"Where Ya At\\\". As friends, they originally planned to record a mixtape together earlier in the year; the project never fully materialized. However, during recording sessions for \\\"Where Ya At\\\", the duo began working\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19036612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Mean the World to Me\",\n \"text\": \"out of the Australian Singles Chart. Credits taken from Discogs website. You Mean the World to Me \\\"You Mean the World to Me\\\" is the fourth single from Toni Braxton's self-titled debut album, \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" (1993). Written by Babyface, L.A. Reid, and Daryl Simmons, the track was released in April 1994. It was a radio hit, peaking at number 3 on both the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 Airplay (Radio Songs) and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, and at number 7 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. The music video for You Mean the World to Me was directed by Lionel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8566400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Are What You Eat\",\n \"text\": \"the American Association of Nutritional Consultants, a controversial organisation which seeks to enhance the reputation of Nutritional and Dietary Consultants by consolidating them into a professional organisation. It offers examination and certification, or association membership which does not require an examination but requires the payment of the $60 membership fee. \\\"You Are What You Eat\\\" was also the title of an American film from 1968. The phrase \\\"You are what you eat\\\" was first expressed by Ludwig Feuerbach in 1863 (German: \\\"Der Mensch ist, was er iszt.\\\"). You Are What You Eat You Are What You Eat is a dieting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7187563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\",\n \"text\": \"Lorne. \\\"The Politics of Imagination\\\" (review of \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\") 47 University of Toronto Law Journal 523 (1997) Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\". Verso Books, 1996. Waldron, Jeremy. \\\"Dirty Little Secret\\\" (review of \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\"), 98 Columbia Law Review 510 (1998). What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19001727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And What Have You Done with My Body, God?\",\n \"text\": \"And What Have You Done with My Body, God? And What Have You Done with My Body, God? is a 4 CD collection of over 40 unreleased tracks, demos and scrapped masters by Art of Noise. It also features the complete vinyl version of \\\"Into Battle with the Art of Noise\\\" – sourced from the original masters – for the first time on CD. The project was conceived, researched and compiled by music journalist Ian Peel, who also wrote the box set's accompanying 36-page book, which featured new interviews with all of the original members. All songs written by Anne\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17376253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Which?\",\n \"text\": \"A super-complaint can be made about any market that is not working properly for consumers. As consumers are not in the position to overcome the issue themselves, Which? can issue a super-complaint on consumers' behalf. The OFT has 90 days in which to assess the complaint and decide what to do about it. It can reject the complaint in part or as a whole, it can launch a market investigation, take action under competition law or consumer law, or refer the market to the Competition and Markets Authority for further investigation. Which? made its first super complaint about private dentistry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2084565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee\",\n \"text\": \"A.V. Club\\\" gave the episode a C, saying \\\"Going into tonight’s episode “You Don’t Have To Live Like A Referee,” there was a lot of potential comic ammo to go around. For one, it’s the Simpsons’ first trip back to Brazil since the infamous season 13 episode “Blame It on Lisa” which angered the Brazilian tourist board so badly that there was a lawsuit in the works. Throw in some of the old reliable Homer/Lisa relationship dynamic (ever the most dramatically evocative on the show), and all the pieces were there to assemble a memorable episode. That what eventually emerged\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17577945\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"(I'd Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China\",\n \"text\": \"parlance to mean anything that takes an extremely long time. This song is: The phrase \\\"a slow boat to China\\\" (or a snowclone thereof) features: (I'd Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China \\\"On A Slow Boat to China\\\" is a popular song by Frank Loesser, published in 1948. The song is a well-known pop standard, recorded by many artists, including a duet between Rosemary Clooney and Bing Crosby (for their album \\\"Fancy Meeting You Here\\\" (1958)), Ella Fitzgerald, Joni James, Jimmy Buffett, Fats Domino and Liza Minnelli. In the UK, the biggest hit version was recorded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10835440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"If You Know What I Mean\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"tender recollection\\\" of a relationship in his teens, in which he successfully seduced a significantly older woman. If You Know What I Mean \\\"If You Know What I Mean\\\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Diamond. The song is a track from Diamond's 1976 album, \\\"Beautiful Noise\\\", and was Diamond's third number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent two weeks. \\\"If You Know What I Mean\\\" went to number one for two nonconsecutive weeks and peaked at number eleven on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. In Canada, the song reached number 19 on the pop\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14761129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Be the Judge\",\n \"text\": \"the directors. Methods to record live television did not exist during the run of the series. As such, the series is likely lost today except possibly for still photographs. You Be the Judge You Be the Judge was an early United States television game show, which aired on New York City television WCBW (now WCBS-TV) beginning January 4, 1946. It is notable as an early example of television programming, though it was not a network series. In each episode, a real-life court case would be re-enacted, and three \\\"amateur judges\\\" (contestants) would make their decisions on the case. The \\\"judge\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17659412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \\\"slick beat\\\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18937831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"To Be and to Have\",\n \"text\": \"of stress as a direct consequence of the film.\\\" To Be and to Have To Be and To Have (; also the UK title) is a 2002 French documentary film directed by Nicolas Philibert about a small rural school. It was screened as an \\\"Out of Competition\\\" film at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival and achieved commercial success. The film became the subject of an unsuccessful legal action by the school's teacher, who said that he and the children's parents had been misled about the film's intended audience, and that he and the children had been exploited. The documentary's title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1728902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\",\n \"text\": \"later, it returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. This means that it has spent five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. Bieber became only the fourth person to have the same single reach number one on the UK Singles Chart on three separate occasions. The other songs to top the chart three separate times are Frankie Laine's \\\"I Believe\\\", Guy Mitchell's \\\"Singing the Blues\\\" and Pharrell Williams' \\\"Happy\\\". 'What Do You Mean?' was the ninth best-selling single of 2015 in the UK with combined sales of 988,000 copies. In Australia, \\\"What Do\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18937851\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is to Be Done?\",\n \"text\": \"to become Marxists. He goes on to argue that to understand politics you must understand all of society, not just workers and their economic struggles with their employers. To become political and to become Marxists, workers need to learn about all of society, not just their own corner of it: Class political consciousness can be brought to the workers \\\"only from without\\\"; that is, only from outside the economic struggle, from outside the sphere of relations between workers and employers. The sphere from which alone it is possible to obtain this knowledge is the sphere of relationships (of \\\"all\\\" classes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17513538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Proud as a Peacock\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Smart as a Peacock\\\", which was meant as a way for SNL staff to ridicule NBC for causing SNL's disputes and problems during that time. \\\"Proud as a peacock\\\" is a saying that is used to mean a vain or self-centered person. The phrase comes from the plumage of the male peafowl (females are peahens). When a male is courting, he spreads his tail feathers, sometimes five feet in length, out in a fan pattern to attract a female. Thus, someone who is \\\"proud as a peacock\\\" is similarly \\\"strutting his stuff\\\". Proud as a Peacock \\\"Proud as a Peacock\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4630029\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\",\n \"text\": \"society features complete racial integration, which becomes a vehicle for social commentary when Mannie, visiting the Southeastern United States, is arrested for polygamy after he innocently shows a picture of his multiracial family to reporters, and learns that the \\\"range of color in Davis family was what got [the] judge angry enough\\\" to have him arrested. It is later revealed that this arrest was anticipated and provoked by his fellow conspirators to gain emotional support from Loonies when the arrest is announced. The novel is notable stylistically for its use of an invented Lunar dialect consisting predominantly of standard English\",\n \"psg_id\": \"644571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Time to Be Alive\",\n \"text\": \"platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over a million units. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes and Tidal. Notes Credits adapted from album's liner notes and Tidal. Musicians Technical What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \\\"What a Time to Be Alive\\\" was supported by Drake and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19036619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\",\n \"text\": \"contestant's answer needs to be verified. The question is asked because the rules require that the contestants must clearly indicate their choices before they are made official, the nature of the game allowing them to ponder the options before committing to an answer. Regularly on tier-three questions, a dramatic pause occurs between the contestant's statement of their answer and the host's acknowledgement of whether or not it is correct. Many parodies of \\\"Millionaire\\\" have capitalised on the \\\"final answer\\\" catchphrase. In the United States, the phrase was popularised by Philbin during his tenure as the host of that country's version,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"491544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\",\n \"text\": \"On the chart dated 6 February 2016, the song spent a 21st consecutive week inside the Hot 100's top ten, tying with Nicki Minaj's \\\"Starships\\\" and Maroon 5's \\\"Sugar\\\" for the most weeks a song has logged in the Hot 100's top 10 from its debut. The record was surpassed later by Bieber's \\\"Love Yourself\\\", which spent 23 consecutive weeks in the top ten since its debut. As of February 2016, \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" has sold over 1,600,000 copies in the United States. In Bieber's native Canada, \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" debuted at number one on the Canadian Hot\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18937847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Refusing to assist a police officer\",\n \"text\": \"or by any judge, is punishable by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000).\\\" 18-8-107. Refusing to aid a peace officer \\\"A person, eighteen years of age or older, commits a class 1 petty offense when, upon command by a person known to him to be a peace officer, he unreasonably refuses or fails to aid the peace officer in effecting or securing an arrest or preventing the commission by another of any offense.\\\" Colorado Revised Statutes 2013 35 Title 16 16-3-202. Assisting peace officer - arrest - furnishing information -\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18253854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Have You Done to Solange?\",\n \"text\": \"in for the role. Keaton described working with Dallamano as challenging as she was only learning to speak Italian and he spoke very little English. For her role, Dallamano told her that she was looking for someone who looked frail and ordered her not to tan while filming. \\\"What Have You Done to Solange?\\\" was released in both Italy and West Germany on March 9, 1972. Fulvio Lucisano stated that the film was the first \\\"giallo\\\" film to be shown at the Adriano Theater in Rome, which normally did not show films of the genre. In West Germany, it was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13027166\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["writ of habeas corpus","habeas corpus ad deliberandum et recipiendum","hábeas corpus","habeas corpus ad respondendum","writ of habeus corpus","28 u.s.c. ss 2254","habeas corpus ad satisfaciendum","habeus corpus","habeas","habeas corpus","habeaus corpus","criminal procedure act 1701","habaes corpus","great writ","habeas corpus ad prosequendum","habeas corpus ad faciendum et recipiendum","writ of habeas corpus","habeus corpus","habeas relief","writ of habeus corpus","habius corpus","habeas corpus ad testificandum","28 u.s.c. § 2254","habeas corpus ad subjiciendum","habeous corpus","great writ","act for preventing wrongful imprisonment and against undue delays in trials","writ of habeas corpus","habeas corpus cum causa","habeas corpus petition","the writ of habeas corpus","habeas corpus","habeas petition","habeous corpus"],"string":"[\n \"writ of habeas corpus\",\n \"habeas corpus ad deliberandum et recipiendum\",\n \"hábeas corpus\",\n \"habeas corpus ad respondendum\",\n \"writ of habeus corpus\",\n \"28 u.s.c. ss 2254\",\n \"habeas corpus ad satisfaciendum\",\n \"habeus corpus\",\n \"habeas\",\n \"habeas corpus\",\n \"habeaus corpus\",\n \"criminal procedure act 1701\",\n \"habaes corpus\",\n \"great writ\",\n \"habeas corpus ad prosequendum\",\n \"habeas corpus ad faciendum et recipiendum\",\n \"writ of habeas corpus\",\n \"habeus corpus\",\n \"habeas relief\",\n \"writ of habeus corpus\",\n \"habius corpus\",\n \"habeas corpus ad testificandum\",\n \"28 u.s.c. § 2254\",\n \"habeas corpus ad subjiciendum\",\n \"habeous corpus\",\n \"great writ\",\n \"act for preventing wrongful imprisonment and against undue delays in trials\",\n \"writ of habeas corpus\",\n \"habeas corpus cum causa\",\n \"habeas corpus petition\",\n \"the writ of habeas corpus\",\n \"habeas corpus\",\n \"habeas petition\",\n \"habeous corpus\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78287,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"the gunfight at the o.k. corral pitted the earps against the clantons. in what territorial city did the gunfight take place?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. It is generally regarded as the most famous shootout in the history of the American Wild West. The gunfight was the result of a long-simmering feud, with Cowboys Billy Claiborne, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp, Special Policeman Morgan Earp, Special Policeman Wyatt Earp,","psg_id":"738835"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. It is generally regarded as the most famous shootout in the history of the American Wild West. The gunfight was the result of a long-simmering feud, with Cowboys Billy Claiborne, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp, Special Policeman Morgan Earp, Special Policeman Wyatt Earp,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738835\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Incident Near the O.K. Corral.\" Stuart Lake titled his chapter about the conflict \"At the O.K. Corral\" in his popular book \"\". But it was the popular movie \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" that cemented the incident and its erroneous location in popular consciousness. The movie and accompanying mythologizing also altered the way that the public thought of the Earps and the outlaws. Prior to the movie, the media often criticized the Earps' actions in Tombstone. In the movies, they became the good guys, always ready to stand for what is right. The incident has become a fixture in American","psg_id":"738972"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)","text":"to Tombstone to face off against the Earps at the O.K. Corral. Holliday, who is sick from tuberculosis, joins them. Though Virgil and Morgan are wounded in the gunfight, all six in Clanton's gang are killed, including Billy, who is given a chance to surrender but refuses. After the fight is over, Wyatt joins Holliday for a final drink before heading off to California to meet Laura, as promised. There are historical inaccuracies contained in the film depiction of the Gunfight at O.K. Corral: Part of the movie was shot on the set of Paramount Ranch. Reviews were generally positive.","psg_id":"4564068"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"accuracy. These works include: David Williams and Paul McIlroy introduced a mathematical model for the O.K. Corral gunfight, which they published in \"Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society\" (1998). Later this model was analyzed by Sir John Kingman (1999, 2002), and Kingman and Volkov (2003). They analyzed the probability of \"survival of exactly S gunmen given an initially fair configuration.\" Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26,","psg_id":"738977"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"artist, painted \"Gunfight at O.K. Corral\", a oil painting regarded by some as the most accurate depiction of the gunfight for many years. Forsythe's father William Bowen Forsyth and uncle Ira Chandler owned the store Chandler & Forsyth C.O.D. at 328 Fremont Street, west of the back entrance to the O.K. Corral and half a block from the site of the gunfight. They claimed that they had been present and witnessed the shootout. Newspaper accounts of the painting reported that Forsythe had interviewed Tombstone residents and examined many of the existing buildings before beginning to plan his painting. In May","psg_id":"738968"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Apache warriors had engaged the U.S. Army near Tombstone just three weeks before the O.K. Corral gunfight, so the need for weapons outside of town was well established and accepted. Billy and Frank stopped first at the Grand Hotel on Allen Street, and were greeted by Doc Holliday. They learned immediately after of their brothers' beatings by the Earps within the previous two hours. The incidents had generated a lot of talk in town. Angrily, Frank said he would not drink, and he and Billy left the saloon immediately to seek Tom. By law, both Frank and Billy should have","psg_id":"738907"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)","text":"film was nominated for two Academy Awards. Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film) Gunfight at the O.K. Corral is a 1957 American western film starring Burt Lancaster as Wyatt Earp and Kirk Douglas as Doc Holliday, loosely based on the actual event which took place on October 26, 1881. The picture was directed by John Sturges from a screenplay written by novelist Leon Uris. The shootout was portrayed in the movie as a protracted, heavily armed firefight that took place at medium range. The actual event began in a narrow wide empty lot between the Harwood house and C. S.","psg_id":"4564072"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)","text":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film) Gunfight at the O.K. Corral is a 1957 American western film starring Burt Lancaster as Wyatt Earp and Kirk Douglas as Doc Holliday, loosely based on the actual event which took place on October 26, 1881. The picture was directed by John Sturges from a screenplay written by novelist Leon Uris. The shootout was portrayed in the movie as a protracted, heavily armed firefight that took place at medium range. The actual event began in a narrow wide empty lot between the Harwood house and C. S. Fly's 12-room boarding house and photography studio.","psg_id":"4564061"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"for much of the popular imagery associated with the Old West. Despite its name, the gunfight did not take place within or next to the O.K. Corral, which fronted Allen Street and had a rear entrance lined with horse stalls on Fremont Street. The shootout actually took place in a narrow lot on the side of C. S. Fly's Photographic Studio on Fremont Street, six doors west of the O.K. Corral's rear entrance. Some members of the two opposing parties were initially only about apart. About 30 shots were fired in 30 seconds. Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton","psg_id":"738838"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"history due to the personal nature of the feud between the Earps and the McLaury and Clanton brothers and the symbolism of the fight between lawmen and the Cowboys. The Cowboys maimed Virgil and murdered Morgan but escaped prosecution, and Wyatt's extra-legal campaign for revenge captured people's attention. The gunfight and its aftermath stand for the change overcoming America as the Western frontier ceased to exist, as a nation that was rapidly industrializing pushed out what had been a largely agrarian economy. The town of Tombstone has capitalized on interest in the gunfight. A portion of the town is a","psg_id":"738973"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton. Ike Clanton had been publicly threatening to kill the Earps for several months, including very loud threats on the day before. Wyatt told the court afterward that Clanton had bragged that he would kill the Earps or Doc Holliday at his first opportunity. But when the gunfight broke out, Clanton ran forward and grabbed Wyatt, exclaiming that he was unarmed and did not want a fight. To this protest Wyatt said he responded, \"Go to fighting or get away!\" Clanton ran through the front door of Fly's boarding house and escaped, unwounded. Other accounts say","psg_id":"738932"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"although it could have been anyone among the lawmen. Wyatt had developed a reputation as a no-nonsense, hard-nosed lawman, but prior to the gunfight in October 1881, he had been involved in only one other shooting, in Dodge City, Kansas during the summer of 1878. The 1931 book \"\" was a best-selling biography by Stuart N. Lake. It established Wyatt Earp's role as a fearless lawman in the American Old West and the legend of the \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" in the public consciousness. But Lake and many others in the popular media wildly exaggerated Wyatt's role as the","psg_id":"738858"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"open range for outlaws, largely unopposed by law enforcement officers who were spread thin over vast territories. The gunfight was not well known to the American public until 1931, when Stuart Lake published the initially well-received biography \"\" two years after Earp's death. The book was the basis for the 1946 film \"My Darling Clementine\", directed by John Ford, and the 1957 film \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\", after which the shootout became known by that name. Since then, the conflict has been portrayed with varying degrees of accuracy in numerous Western films and books, and has become an archetype","psg_id":"738837"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"that Ike and Tom had left their livery stable and entered town while armed, in violation of the city ordinance. Virgil Earp was told by several citizens that the McLaurys and the Clantons had gathered on Fremont Street. Virgil decided he had to disarm the Cowboys. His decision to take action may have been influenced by the Cowboy's repeated threats to the Earps, their proximity to Holliday's room in Fly's boarding house, and their location on the route the Earps usually took to their homes two blocks further west on Fremont Street. Several members of the citizen's vigilance committee offered","psg_id":"738916"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"were killed. Ike Clanton subsequently filed murder charges against the Earps and Doc Holliday. The lawmen were exonerated by a local justice of the peace after a 30-day preliminary hearing and then by a local grand jury. The gunfight was not the end of the conflict. On December 28, 1881, Virgil Earp was ambushed and maimed in a murder attempt by the Cowboys. On March 18, 1882, a Cowboy fired from a dark alley through the glass door of a Campbell & Hatch’s saloon and billiard parlor, killing Morgan Earp. The suspects in both incidents furnished alibis supplied by other","psg_id":"738839"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"he told Ike he had not told Holliday anything. Wyatt Earp offered to prove this when Holliday and the Clantons next returned to town. A month later, the weekend before the shootout, Morgan Earp was concerned about possible trouble with the Cowboys. He asked Doc Holliday to come back to Tombstone from a fiesta celebration in Tucson where Holliday had been gambling. Upon his return, Wyatt Earp asked Holliday about Ike's accusation. On the morning of Tuesday, October 25, 1881, the day before the gunfight, Ike Clanton and Tom McLaury drove in a spring wagon from Chandler's Milk Ranch at","psg_id":"738892"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"paint the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. The oil on masonite painting titled \"The Street Fight\" is 6 feet 4 inches by 4 feet (1.93 m by 1.22 m). It was the largest work ever executed by Perceval. He referred to original documents in Gilchriese's collection, including Wyatt Earp's own diagram of the shootout, and unpublished notes made by John Flood, to create what is regarded as the most accurate depiction of the shootout. Gilchreise had 500 lithographic prints reproduced from the original, which Perceval signed. The prints were sold by the museum for $10. After Gilchriese closed his museum,","psg_id":"738970"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Cowboys' illegal activities. Tom and Frank McLaury worked with the rustlers buying and selling stolen cattle. Many of the rural ranchers and Cowboys resented the growing influence of the city residents over county politics and law enforcement. The ranchers largely maintained control of the country outside Tombstone, due in large part to the sympathetic support of Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan, who favored the Cowboys and rural ranchers, and who also grew to intensely dislike the Earps. Behan tended to ignore the Earps' complaints about the McLaurys' and Clantons' horse thieving and cattle rustling. The Earps were known to bend","psg_id":"738862"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"matched the story Behan later told at the coroner's inquest. Though saloon-keeper Andrew Mehan had seen Tom deposit his pistol after his beating by Earp and before the gunfight, none of the Earps had any way of knowing that Tom had left his revolver at the saloon. Hotel keeper Albert \"Chris\" Billickie, whose father Charles owned the Cosmopolitan Hotel, saw Tom McLaury enter Bauer's butcher shop about 2:00 p.m. He testified that Tom's right-hand pants pocket was flat when he went in but protruded, as if it contained a pistol (so he thought), when he emerged. Retired army surgeon Dr.","psg_id":"738951"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"was fined. Saloon-keeper Mehan testified that Tom had deposited his revolver at the Capital Saloon on 4th Street and Fremont after his arrest and before the fight, between 1 and 2 p.m. Several Cowboy witnesses testified that Tom was unarmed and claimed that the Earps had murdered a defenseless man. Behan testified that when he searched Tom McLaury for a weapon prior to the gunfight, he was not thorough, and that Tom might have had a pistol hidden in his waistband. Behan's testimony was significant, since he was a prime witness for the prosecution but had equivocated on this point.","psg_id":"738948"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)","text":"battle.\" Richard L. Coe of \"The Washington Post\" deemed the film \"just what its title suggests — blood-thirsty, empty-headed and good fun of its sort.\" \"The Monthly Film Bulletin\" called it \"carefully and lavishly mounted, but it is ultimately overlong and overwrought. Leon Uris's script dulls the final scene of action by the introduction of too many minor climaxes, which never blend.\" The film was a big hit and earned $4.7 million on its first run and $6 million on re-release. Its Dimitri Tiomkin score, featuring the song \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\", with lyrics by Ned Washington, sung by","psg_id":"4564070"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"day. Though usually opposing each other in their reporting of events, reporting by both the \"Epitaph\" and the \"Nugget\" initially supported the lawmen's version of events. Woods, the publisher of the pro-Cowboy \"Nugget\", was out of town during the hearings, and an experienced reporter, Richard Rule, wrote the story. The \"Nugget\" staff had a close relationship with Sheriff Behan, but Rule's story, as printed in the \"Nugget\" the day after the shootout, backed up the Earps' version of events. This varied widely from Behan's and the Cowboys' later court testimony. Subsequent stories about the gunfight published in the \"Nugget\" after","psg_id":"738847"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"hands in the air, and that neither of the McLaurys were troublemakers. They portrayed Ike Clanton and Tom McLaury as being unjustly bullied and beaten by the vengeful Earps on the day of the gunfight. On the strength of the prosecution case, Spicer revoked the bail for Doc and Wyatt Earp and had them jailed on November 7. They spent the next 16 days in jail. Defense accounts contradicted the testimony of Behan, Claiborne and Allen, who all said that a man had fired a nickel-plated pistol first. Claiborne and Allen both said it was Holliday. Virgil, Wyatt and other","psg_id":"738961"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"have been down there to disarm them.'\" In his testimony, Behan repeatedly insisted he told the Earps that he only intended to disarm the Cowboys, not that he had actually done so. The article said that Behan \"was standing near by commanding the contestants to cease firing but was powerless to prevent it.\" Given the \"Nugget\" close relationship to Behan (it was owned by Behan's deputy sheriff), it is likely they interviewed him. By Williams' account, Behan told Virgil Earp immediately after the gunfight a story that corroborated the \"Nugget\" report, which the newspaper altered afterward to a version that","psg_id":"738950"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the painting and other contents of the museum were sold at auction by John's Western Gallery of San Francisco. The estimated auction price for the painting had been $200,000 to $300,000; the final sale price on June 25, 2004 was $40,250. It was put up for auction again on June 14, 2014 with an estimated selling price of $40,000–$60,000 but failed to sell. Less than a month after the shootout it was described by a local newspaper as the \"Gunfight at The O.K. Corral\". William Breakenridge in his 1928 book \"Helldorado: Bringing Law to the Mesquite\" described it as \"The","psg_id":"738971"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)","text":"Frankie Laine, pushes the movie's momentum relentlessly throughout. Members of the Western Writers of America chose the song \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Sturges revisited the same material a decade later when he directed a more historically accurate sequel of sorts, \"Hour of the Gun\", starring James Garner as Wyatt Earp, Jason Robards as Doc Holliday, and Robert Ryan as Ike Clanton. That film begins with a more accurate version of the O.K. Corral gun battle, then moves forward into the aftermath for the balance of the movie. The","psg_id":"4564071"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"central figure in the gunfight. It was only discovered much later that \"Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal\", based on eight interviews with Earp, was largely fictional. The book and later Hollywood portrayals embellished Wyatt's reputation and magnified his mystique as a western lawman. Morgan Earp had no known experience with gunfighting prior to their arrival in Tombstone. While Wyatt was Pima County Deputy Sheriff on July 27, 1881, Morgan Earp took over his job as shotgun messenger for Wells Fargo. Morgan also occasionally assisted Virgil and at the time of the gunfight was wearing a deputy city marshal's badge and drawing","psg_id":"738859"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"known as Guadalupe Canyon. In August 1881, 15 Mexicans carrying gold, coins and bullion to make their purchases were ambushed and killed in Skeleton Canyon. The next month Mexican Commandant Felipe Neri dispatched troops to the border, where they killed five Cowboys, including Old Man Clanton, in Guadalupe Canyon. The Earps knew that the McLaurys and Clantons were reputed to be mixed up in the robbery and murder in Skeleton Canyon. Wyatt Earp said in his testimony after the shootout, \"I naturally kept my eyes open and did not intend that any of the gang should get the drop on","psg_id":"738864"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"hiding the mules. He reprinted this in \"The Tombstone Epitaph\" on July 30, 1880. Virgil later said that McLaury had asked him if he had posted the handbills. When Virgil said he had not, McLaury said if Virgil had printed the handbills it was Frank's intention to kill Virgil. He warned Virgil, \"If you ever again follow us as close as you did, then you will have to fight anyway.\" This incident was the first run-in between the Clantons and McLaurys and the Earps. On the evening of March 15, 1881, a Kinnear & Company stagecoach carrying US$26,000 in silver","psg_id":"738872"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"later, Virgil ran for the office on November 12, 1880 but lost to Ben Sippy. However, on June 6, 1881, Sippy asked for a two-week leave of absence. The city soon discovered $3,000 in financial improprieties in Sippy's records. A few days later Virgil was appointed as town marshal in his place. At the time of the gunfight, Virgil was both Deputy U.S. Marshal and town marshal. The city suspended him as town marshal after Ike Clanton filed murder charges, and after he was wounded in an assassination attempt on December 29, 1881, Wyatt replaced him as Deputy U.S. Marshal.","psg_id":"738855"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Holliday's walking-stick in return. As usual, the Earps carried their revolvers in their coat pockets or in their waistbands. Wyatt Earp was carrying a .44 caliber American 1869 Smith & Wesson revolver. Holliday was carrying a nickel-plated pistol in a holster, but this was concealed by his long coat, as was the shotgun. The Earps and Holliday walked west, down the south side of Fremont Street past the rear entrance to the O.K. Corral, but out of visual range of the Cowboys' last reported location. Near the corner of Fourth St. and Fremont St., the Earps ran into Sheriff Behan.","psg_id":"738918"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"had been properly deputized by Virgil Earp. The public perceptions were controversial concerning the Earp brothers' actions, and especially those of Wyatt. Even today, the brothers have strongly opinionated admirers and detractors. A hand-drawn sketch of the gunfight was made by John Flood with Wyatt Earp's assistance on September 15, 1921; it was sold at auction in October 2010 for $380,000. The map describes the position of a number of witnesses and all of the participants with the exception of Ike Clanton, who fled from the gunfight. In 1952, Victor Clyde Forsythe, a popular painter of desert scenes and cowboy","psg_id":"738967"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"came to each other's aid. Virgil Earp thought that some of the Cowboys had met at Charleston, Arizona, and taken \"an oath over blood drawn from the arm of Johnny Ringo, the leader, that they would kill us.\" Among the lawmen involved in the O.K. Corral shooting, only Virgil had any real experience in combat, and he had far more experience than any of his brothers as a sheriff, constable, and marshal. The Earps' work as lawmen was not welcomed by the Cowboys, who viewed the Earps as badge-toting tyrants who ruthlessly enforced the business interests of the town. In","psg_id":"738853"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Cowboys (In that time and region, the term \"cowboy\" generally meant an outlaw; legitimate cowmen were instead referred to as cattle herders or ranchers.). Many of the supporting facts about the events leading up to the gunfight and details of the gunfight itself are uncertain. Newspapers of the day were not above taking sides, and news reporting often editorialized on issues to reflect the publisher's interests. John Clum, publisher of \"The Tombstone Epitaph\", had helped organize a \"Committee of Safety\" (a vigilance committee) in Tombstone in late September 1881. He was elected as the city's first mayor under the new","psg_id":"738844"},{"title":"Gunfight at Hide Park","text":"Gunfight at Hide Park The Gunfight at Hide Park, or Newton Massacre, was the name given to an Old West gunfight that occurred on August 19, 1871, in Newton, Kansas, United States. It was well publicised at the time, but since has received little historical attention, despite its producing a higher body count than the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and the Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight of 1881. Unlike most other well-known gunfights of the Old West, it involved no notable or well known gunfighters, nor did it propel any of its participants into any degree of fame.","psg_id":"8696277"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"mail carrier. The newspapers, however, reported that they had been arrested for a different stage robbery that occurred on October 8 near Contention City. Ike and other Cowboys believed the new arrest was further evidence that the Earps were illegally persecuting the Cowboys. They told the Earps that they could expect retaliation. While Virgil and Wyatt were in Tucson for the federal hearing on the charges against Spence and Stilwell, Frank McLaury confronted Morgan Earp. He told him that the McLaurys would kill the Earps if they tried to arrest Spence, Stilwell, or the McLaurys again. \"The Tombstone Epitaph\" reported","psg_id":"738887"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"started shooting first is not certain; accounts by both participants and eyewitnesses are contradictory. The smoke from the black powder used in the weapons added to the confusion of the gunfight in the narrow space. Those loyal to one side or the other told conflicting stories, and independent eyewitnesses who did not know the participants by sight were unable to say for certain who shot first. The six or seven men with guns fired about 30 shots in around 30 seconds. Virgil Earp reported afterward, \"Two shots went off right together. Billy Clanton's was one of them.\" Wyatt testified, \"Billy","psg_id":"738928"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"\"Johnny Ringo\", and \"Gunsmoke\". Hugh O'Brian portrayed Earp on the namesake show \"Wyatt Earp\" which ran for six seasons, and he was forever associated with that role. A 2003 episode of Discovery Channel's \"Unsolved History\" used modern technology to attempt to re-enact the gunfight. They utilized a movie set to recreate a space similar to the lot where the original gun fight took place. They confirmed that the front-to-back wrist wound suffered by Billy Clanton could only have occurred if his arm was raised in the manner of one holding a pistol, and that the black powder may have obscured","psg_id":"738975"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"where witnesses overheard them threatening to kill the Earps. For unknown reasons the Cowboys then walked out the back of the O.K. Corral and then west, stopping in a narrow, empty lot next to C. S. Fly's boarding house. Virgil initially avoided a confrontation with the newly arrived Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton, who had not yet deposited their weapons at a hotel or stable as the law required. The statute was not specific about how far a recently arrived visitor might \"with good faith, and within reasonable time\" travel into town while carrying a firearm. This permitted a traveler","psg_id":"738910"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"still in the scabbards on Frank and Tom McLaury's horses when they were found after the gunfight. If, as was customary, Frank carried only five rounds, then he had fired only three shots. Witnesses differed about whether Tom McLaury was carrying a weapon during the shootout or not. No revolver or rifle was found near his body and he was not wearing a cartridge belt. Wyatt testified that he had arrested Tom earlier that day when he found him carrying a weapon earlier in violation of a city ordinance. He pistol-whipped him and took him to the courthouse where he","psg_id":"738947"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)","text":"The two parties were initially only about apart. The real gunfight lasted only about 30 seconds. In Fort Griffin, Texas, Ed Bailey (Lee Van Cleef) comes looking to avenge the death of his brother at the hands of gunslinger John H. \"Doc\" Holliday (Kirk Douglas). Seeing him in a bar, Holliday's girl, Kate Fisher (Jo Van Fleet), returns to Holliday's room, where the two argue—while Holliday throws knives at the door-near her once she brings up Holliday's once-prominent family. At the same time, well-known marshal Wyatt Earp (Burt Lancaster) arrives in Fort Griffin thinking he will take outlaws Ike Clanton","psg_id":"4564062"},{"title":"Family feuds in the United States","text":"had occurred on October 26, 1881, and was itself the climax of the Earp–Clanton family feud, simmering since the summer of 1880. Tensions between the Earps and both the Clantons and McLaurys increased through 1881, culminating in the historic gunfight. At the O.K. Corral, three deputized Earp brothers, Wyatt, Morgan and Virgil, along with Doc Holliday, had killed Billy Clanton, Frank McLaury and Tom McLaury. The Clanton and McLaury families were aligned with the \"Outlaw Cowboys\", a loosely knit outlaw group of families, friends and acquaintances then living in surrounding Cochise and Pima counties. The Earp Vendetta ride was a","psg_id":"16055855"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"in the chest at close range. Witness C. H. \"Ham\" Light saw Tom running or stumbling westward on Fremont Street towards Third Street, away from the gunfight, while Frank and Billy were still standing and shooting. Light testified that Tom fell at the foot of a telegraph pole on the corner of Fremont and 3rd Street and lay there, without moving, through the duration of the fight. Fallehy also saw Tom stagger across the street until he fell on his back. After shooting Tom, Holliday tossed the empty shotgun aside, pulled out his nickel-plated revolver, and continued to fire at","psg_id":"738931"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"historical district that has been designated a National Historic Landmark and is listed in the \"National Register of Historic Places\" by the U.S. National Park Service. A local company produces daily theatrical re-enactments of the gunfight. With the widespread sales of televisions after World War II, producers spun out a large number of western-oriented shows. At the height of their popularity in 1959, there were more than two dozen \"cowboy\" programs on each week. At least six of them were directly or indirectly connected with Wyatt Earp: \"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\", \"Bat Masterson\", \"Tombstone Territory\", \"Broken Arrow\",","psg_id":"738974"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"to Haffords and bought a cigar and went outside to watch the Cowboys. At the time of the gunfight about two hours later, Wyatt could not know if Tom was still armed. It was early afternoon by the time Ike and Tom had seen doctors for their head wounds. The day was chilly, with snow still on the ground in some places. Both Tom and Ike had spent the night gambling, drinking heavily, and without sleep. Now they were both out-of-doors, both wounded from head beatings, and at least Ike was still drunk. At around 1:30–2:00 pm, after Tom had","psg_id":"738905"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"criminated.\" Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne both said they were unarmed when they fled the gunfight. The bodies of the three dead Cowboys were displayed in a window at Ritter and Reams undertakers with a sign: \"Murdered in the Streets of Tombstone.\" The funerals for Billy Clanton (age 19), Tom McLaury (age 28) and his older brother Frank (age 33) were well attended. About 300 people joined in the procession to Boot Hill and as many as two thousand watched from the sidewalks. Both McLaurys were buried in the same grave, and Billy Clanton was buried nearby. The story was","psg_id":"738956"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"J. W. Gardiner also testified that he saw the bulge in Tom's pants. However, the bulge in Tom's pants pocket may have been the nearly $3,300 in cash and receipts found on his body, perhaps in payment for stolen Mexican beef purchased by the butcher. Wyatt and Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday believed that Tom had a revolver at the time of the gunfight. Wyatt thought Tom fired a revolver under the horse's neck and believed until he died that Tom's revolver had been removed from the scene by Wesley Fuller. Witness Fallehy wrote that he saw Morgan Earp and","psg_id":"738952"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the shooters' view of each other. The episode concluded that the three eyewitnesses for the prosecution (Sheriff Behan, Ike Clanton, and Billy Claiborne) likely offered perjured testimony. They found that Tom McLaury may have been hit by the shotgun round under his armpit as he reached over his horse for a rifle in his scabbard, as the horse turned away from him at the same time. The stories about the gunfight written in the 20th century affected American culture. Numerous dramatic, fictional, and documentary works have been produced about or in reference to the event, with widely varying degrees of","psg_id":"738976"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"he had fired at least one shot over the back of a horse. Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury exchanged gunfire with the lawmen. During the gunfight, Doc Holliday was bruised by a bullet fired by Frank that struck his holster and grazed his hip. Virgil Earp was shot through the calf, he thought by Billy Clanton. Morgan Earp was struck across both shoulder blades by a bullet that Morgan thought Frank McLaury had fired. Wyatt Earp was unhurt. Tom McLaury, his brother Frank, and Billy Clanton were killed. As the wounded lawmen were carried to their homes, they passed in","psg_id":"738940"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"to the left of his navel. Mathews stated that the wound beneath the ear was at the base of the brain and caused instant death. Sheriff Behan testified that he had heard Morgan Earp yell \"I got him\" after Frank was shot. However, during the gunfight, Frank moved across Fremont street, putting Holliday on Frank's right and Morgan on his left. This makes it much more likely that Holliday shot the fatal round that killed Frank. When he examined Tom McLaury's body, Mathews found twelve buckshot wounds from a single shotgun blast on the right side under his arm, between","psg_id":"738942"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Cowboys' purpose was to leave town, yet Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne did not have their weapons with them. Spicer noted that the doctor who examined the dead Cowboys established that the wounds they received could not have occurred if their hands and arms had been in the positions that prosecution witnesses described. Spicer did not condone all of the Earps' actions and criticized Virgil Earp's use of Wyatt and Holliday as deputies, but he concluded that no laws were broken. He said the evidence indicated that the Earps and Holliday acted within the law and that Holliday and Wyatt","psg_id":"738966"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"was part of the Works Progress Administration. According to one report, Hayhurst was a friend of the Behan family. After he completed his transcription, he kept the original document in his home, where it was destroyed in a house fire. The interpersonal conflicts and feuds leading to the gunfight were complex. Each side had strong family ties. The brothers James, Virgil, Wyatt, Morgan, and Warren Earp were a tight-knit family, working together as pimps, lawmen, and saloon owners in several frontier towns, among other occupations, and had moved together from one town to another. Virgil served in the Union Army","psg_id":"738849"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Harwood house. In testimony given by witnesses afterward, they disagreed about the precise location of the men before, during and after the gunfight. The coroner's inquest and the Spicer hearing produced a sketch showing the Cowboys standing, from left to right facing Fremont Street, with Billy Clanton and then Frank McLaury near the Harwood house and Tom McLaury and Ike Clanton roughly in the middle of the lot. Opposite them and initially only about away, Virgil Earp was on the left end of the Earp party, standing a few feet inside the vacant lot and nearest Ike Clanton. Behind him","psg_id":"738923"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the Cowboy plot revealed, Spicer freed Holliday. The district attorney threw out the charges, labeling them \"ridiculous.\" Doc gave Kate some money and put her on a stage out of town. Wyatt Earp testified after the gunfight that five or six weeks prior he had met Ike Clanton outside the Alhambra Hotel. Ike told Wyatt that Doc Holliday had told him he knew of Ike's meetings with Wyatt and about Ike providing information on Head, Leonard, and Crane, as well as their attempted robbery of the stage. Ike now accused Earp of telling Holliday about these conversations. Earp testified that","psg_id":"738891"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"charges against Doc Holliday and the Earps. Wyatt and Holliday were arrested and brought before Justice of the Peace, Wells Spicer. Morgan and Virgil were still recovering at home. Only Wyatt and Holliday were required to post $10,000 bail, which was paid by their attorney Thomas Fitch, local mine owner E.B. Gage, Wells Fargo undercover agent Fred Dodge, and other business owners appreciative of the Earps' efforts to maintain order. Virgil Earp was suspended as town marshal pending the outcome of the trial. Justice Spicer convened a preliminary hearing on October 31 to determine if there was enough evidence to","psg_id":"738958"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"\"that since the arrest of Spence and Stilwell, veiled threats [are] being made that the friends of the accused will 'get the Earps.'\" Milt Joyce, a county supervisor and owner of the Oriental Saloon, had a contentious relationship with Doc Holliday. In October 1880, Holliday had trouble with a gambler named Johnny Tyler in Milt Joyce's Oriental Saloon. Tyler had been hired by a competing gambling establishment to drive customers from Joyce's saloon. Holliday challenged Tyler to a fight, but Tyler ran. Joyce did not like Holliday or the Earps and he continued to argue with Holliday. Joyce ordered Holliday","psg_id":"738888"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the other told conflicting stories and independent eyewitnesses who did not know the participants by sight were unable to say for certain who shot first. Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan testified on the third day of the hearing. During two days on the stand, he gave strong testimony that the Cowboys had not resisted but either threw up their hands and turned out their coats to show they were not armed. Behan's views turned public opinion against the Earps, who were free on bail. He and other prosecution witnesses testified that Tom McLaury was unarmed, that Billy Clanton had his","psg_id":"738960"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"photography studio at 312 Fremont Street, where Doc Holliday roomed. Behan later said he attempted to persuade Frank McLaury to give up his weapons, but Frank insisted that he would give up his guns only after City Marshal Virgil Earp and his brothers were first disarmed. The Cowboys were about a block and a half from the West End Corral at 2nd Street and Fremont, where Ike and Tom's wagon and team were stabled. Virgil Earp later testified that he thought Ike and Tom were stabled at the O.K. Corral on Allen between 3rd and 4th, from which he thought","psg_id":"738913"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Morgan and Warren Earp also moved to Tombstone. Wyatt arrived hoping he could leave \"lawing\" behind. He bought a stagecoach, only to find the business was already very competitive. The Earps invested together in several mining claims and water rights. The Earps were Republicans and Northerners who had never worked as cowmen or ranchers. The Earps quickly came into conflict with Frank and Tom McLaury, Billy and Ike Clanton, Johnny Ringo, and William \"Curly Bill\" Brocius, among others. They were part of a large, loose association of cattle smugglers and horse thieves known as the Cowboys, outlaws who had been","psg_id":"738851"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the testimony there and at the coroner's inquest, but only the reporter from \"The Daily Nugget\" knew shorthand. The testimony recorded by the court recorder and the two newspapers varied greatly. According to the Earps' version of events, the fight was in self-defense because the Cowboys, armed in violation of local ordinance, aggressively threatened the lawmen and defied a lawful order to hand over their weapons. The Cowboys maintained that they raised their hands, offering no resistance, and were shot in cold blood by the Earps. Sorting out who was telling the truth was difficult and remains so to this","psg_id":"738846"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"in the Dexter Livery Stable. On March 19, King conveniently escaped while Dunbar and Woods were making out the bill-of-sale. Woods claimed that someone had deliberately unlocked a secured back door to the jail. The Earps and the townspeople were furious at King's easy escape. Williams was later dismissed from Wells Fargo, leaving behind a number of debts, when it was determined he had been stealing from the company for years. The Earps pursued the other two men for 17 days, riding for 60 hours without food and 36 hours without water, during which Bob Paul's horse died, and Wyatt","psg_id":"738877"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"witnesses testified that Holliday was carrying a shotgun. (Morgan remained bedridden throughout the trial and did not testify.) The prosecution's scenario would have required Holliday to fire with his pistol first, switch to the shotgun to shoot Tom McLaury, then switch back again to his pistol to continue firing. Three witnesses gave key evidence that swayed Justice Spicer to hold that Virgil had acted within his capacity as Sheriff and that there was insufficient evidence to indict the Earps and Doc Holliday for murder. H.F Sills was an AT&SF RR engineer who had just arrived in town and knew none","psg_id":"738962"},{"title":"O.K. Corral hearing and aftermath","text":"shotgun; put it aside in order to pull out his pistol; fired the first shot, presumably at Billy Clanton; and then picked up the shotgun in order to kill Tom McLaury—all in the space of a few seconds.\" Under questioning, Matthews said he did not see Ike Clanton appeal to Wyatt to not shoot him. Four days after the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, as permitted by territorial law, Ike Clanton applied by affidavit for an arrest warrant against Doc Holliday and the Earps. Because Morgan and Virgil were incapacitated by their wounds, they were recovering at home, and were","psg_id":"18740458"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"been appointed Tombstone's town marshal (i.e., chief of police) on June 6, 1881, after Ben Sippy abandoned the job. However, Virgil at the same time continued to hold his position of deputy U.S. marshal, and it was in this federal capacity that he continued to chase robbers of stage coaches outside Tombstone city limits. At the scene of the holdup, Wyatt discovered an unusual boot print left by someone wearing a custom-repaired boot heel. The Earps checked a shoe repair shop in Bisbee known to provide widened boot heels and were able to link the boot print to Stilwell. Frank","psg_id":"738885"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"direct conflict with the Earps' roles as lawmen, Johnny Behan was Cochise County Sheriff. Virgil Earp had served for three years during the Civil War and had also been involved in a police shooting in Prescott, Arizona Territory. He was appointed Deputy U.S. Marshal for eastern Pima County by U.S. Marshal Crawley Dake, on November 27, 1879, before the Earps arrived in Tombstone on December 1, 1879. He was appointed acting Tombstone's town marshal (or police chief) on September 30, 1880, after popular Tombstone town marshal Fred White was shot and killed by Curly Bill Brocius. Only a few days","psg_id":"738854"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"horse, standing a little out from the house.\" Martha J. King was in Bauer's butcher shop located on Fremont Street. She testified that when the Earp party passed by her location, one of the Earps on the outside of the group looked across and said to Doc Holliday nearest the store, \"... let them have it!\" to which Holliday replied, \"All right.\" When the Earps approached the lot, the four law men initially faced six Cowboys: Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne, Wes Fuller, and Ike Clanton. When the Cowboys saw the officers, they stepped away from the","psg_id":"738922"},{"title":"O.K. Corral (building)","text":"The gunfight took place within the narrow lot and on Fremont Street. The O.K. Corral at 326 Allen Street is within the Tombstone Historic District. Investors from Detroit, Michigan, led by attorney Harold O. Love, purchased the O.K. Corral, along with \"The Tombstone Epitaph\" newspaper, the Crystal Palace Saloon, and Schieffelin Hall in 1964. , the Love family continues to operate the O.K. Corral as a historic site. The museum property extends from the Allen Street frontage northward to Fremont Street, including the land where the historic gunfight began. The narrow lot where much of the gunfight took place is","psg_id":"15308713"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"a room, Tom McLaury and Ike Clanton had no place to go. Shortly after 8:00 am barkeeper E. F. Boyle spoke to Ike Clanton in front of the telegraph office. Clanton had been drinking all night and Boyle encouraged him to get some sleep, but Ike insisted he would not go to bed. Boyle later testified he noticed Ike was armed and covered his gun for him. Boyle later said that Ike told him, \"'As soon as the Earps and Doc Holliday showed themselves on the street, the ball would open—that they would have to fight' ... I went down","psg_id":"738897"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Behan's sympathy to the Cowboys was well known, and during the trial he firmly denied he had contributed money to help Ike with his defense costs. However, documents were located in 1997 that showed Behan served as guarantor for a loan to Ike Clanton during the Spicer hearing. Since Wyatt planned to run against Behan for County Sheriff, Behan had an incentive to help convict Wyatt. A story in the Cowboy-friendly newspaper, the \"Nugget\", stated without attribution that \"The Sheriff stepped out and said [to the Earps]: 'Hold up boys, don't go down there or there will be trouble; I","psg_id":"738949"},{"title":"Long Branch Saloon gunfight","text":"each other.\" Long Branch Saloon gunfight The Long Branch Saloon gunfight, on April 5, 1879, was a gunfight that took place at the famed Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, Kansas, between Frank Loving and Levi Richardson, both gamblers who frequented the saloon. Frank Loving was a 19-year-old youth at the time of the fight. Although often referred to as being a gunman, that reputation did not develop until after this gunfight. Loving had come to Dodge City from Texas, arriving the year before and settling into the gamblers life of the busy cattle town. He'd married, became friends with","psg_id":"12043657"},{"title":"Long Branch Saloon gunfight","text":"Long Branch Saloon gunfight The Long Branch Saloon gunfight, on April 5, 1879, was a gunfight that took place at the famed Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, Kansas, between Frank Loving and Levi Richardson, both gamblers who frequented the saloon. Frank Loving was a 19-year-old youth at the time of the fight. Although often referred to as being a gunman, that reputation did not develop until after this gunfight. Loving had come to Dodge City from Texas, arriving the year before and settling into the gamblers life of the busy cattle town. He'd married, became friends with Long Branch","psg_id":"12043652"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Earp, left for Los Angeles on March 25, 1882, and then returned to her family in San Francisco. In July 1882, Wyatt left Colorado and went to San Francisco, where he sought out Sadie and his brother Virgil, who was seeking treatment for his arm. In February or March 1883, Sadie and Earp left San Francisco for Gunnison, where Earp ran a Faro bank until he received a request in April for assistance from Luke Short in Dodge City. Sadie was his common-law wife for the next 46 years. Tensions between the Earps and the McLaurys further increased when another","psg_id":"738883"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"with his offices in Tombstone, only days before his arrival. In June 1881 he was also appointed as Tombstone's town marshal (or police chief). Though not universally liked by the townspeople, the Earps tended to protect the interests of the town's business owners and residents; even so, Wyatt Earp helped protect Cowboy \"Curly Bill\" Brocius from being lynched after he accidentally killed Tombstone city Marshal Fred White. In contrast, Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan was generally sympathetic to the interests of the rural ranchers and members of the loosely organized outlaw group called the Cochise County Cowboys, or simply the","psg_id":"738843"},{"title":"The Gunfighters","text":"tow in search of Holliday. Steven and Kate end up being taken by Ringo to the Clanton ranch where the Clantons recamp and tell their father, Pa Clanton, that they have killed an Earp. Wyatt Earp swears vengeance and starts to build a posse of lawmen to deal with the Clantons once and for all. Doc Holliday returns to Tombstone with Dodo, and offers his services to his old friend Earp too. Attempts by the Doctor to defuse the situation amount to little: there will be a gunfight at the O.K. Corral. On the one side are the three Clanton","psg_id":"5088208"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"to support him with arms, but Virgil refused. He had during the prior month appointed Morgan as a Special Policeman. He had also appointed Wyatt as a Special Policeman while Virgil had been in Prescott on business. He had also called on Doc Holliday that morning for help with disarming the Clantons and McLaurys. Wyatt spoke of his brothers Virgil and Morgan as the \"marshals\" while he acted as \"deputy.\" Virgil Earp picked up the shotgun he had retrieved from the Wells Fargo office earlier. He gave the shotgun to Doc Holliday who hid it under his overcoat. He took","psg_id":"738917"},{"title":"Billy Clanton","text":"warned the Earps. Upon attempting to disarm the Cowboys, a shootout broke out, later named the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. There remain today conflicting versions of what actually happened and who fired first. Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne ran away in the opening moments. Billy Clanton emptied his gun during the fight, and was killed along with both McLaurys. Doc Holliday and Virgil and Morgan Earp were wounded. The town was divided, with many supporting the Clantons, and others supporting the Earps. The funeral that followed was the largest in Tombstone's history, with more than 300 people following the","psg_id":"11956522"},{"title":"Hunnewell gunfight","text":"Hunnewell gunfight The Hunnewell gunfight (August 21, 1884) was a gunfight of the Old West which involved no known gunmen, hence it is mostly forgotten today. However, at the time, it was widely circulated. The gunfight took place in Hunnewell, Kansas, a town frequented by cowboys working on the local ranches and corrals. Hunnewell, which as of the 2000 US census sports a population of 83, at the time was a prosperous cattle town, serving as a shipping point for Texas cattle. The Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad provided quick access to the Kansas City, Kansas stockyards, and in the","psg_id":"12012048"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"that Ike drew a hidden pistol and fired at the Earps before disappearing. Like Ike, Billy Claiborne was unarmed. He and Cowboy Wes Fuller, who had been at the rear of the lot, also ran from the fight as soon as the shooting began. According to \"The Tombstone Epitaph\", \"Wyatt Earp stood up and fired in rapid succession, as cool as a cucumber, and was not hit.\" Morgan Earp fired almost immediately, as Billy Clanton drew his gun right-handed. Morgan's shot hit Billy in the right wrist, disabling his hand. Forced to shift the revolver to his left hand, Clanton","psg_id":"738933"},{"title":"William K. Meade","text":"legislature during the 1881 session, this time representing Pima County in the upper house. Following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, Meade sided with Sheriff Johnny Behan against the Earps. In 1884, Meade was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention During the convention he requested Grover Cleveland appoint him as Governor of Arizona Territory. He did not receive the requested appointment but was instead appointed U.S. marshal for Arizona Territory on July 8, 1885. Several months later, Meade organized the liberation of newly appointed Arizona Territorial Governor C. Meyer Zulick from imprisonment in Mexico. In 1887, Meade married Helen","psg_id":"18026481"},{"title":"Frank McLaury","text":"arrived to get Ike. Wyatt Earp and McLaury had a heated exchange. and Wyatt later testified he saw a pistol in Tom's waistband and buffaloed Tom. Later in the day the Clantons and McLaurys, along with Billy Claiborne, faced off against the Earps and Doc Holiday in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Some witnesses testified that Frank and Billy Clanton drew their weapons first, while others loyal to the Cowboys supported their version of events in which Tom opened his coat to show he was unarmed. The Earps and Holiday killed Frank and Tom McLaury along with Billy Clanton.","psg_id":"11950544"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the McLaurys to Fort Worth. Will McLaury came to Tombstone after the gun fight and joined the prosecution team in an attempt to convict the Earps and Holliday for his brothers' murder. Paul Johnson told a different story, that the McLaurys were about to leave for Iowa to attend the wedding of their sister, Sarah Caroline, in Iowa. Tom and Frank were especially close to Sarah, one of their 14 siblings and half-siblings. Caroline married James Reed in Richland, Iowa at the end of November that year. Citizens reported to Virgil on the Cowboys' movements and their threats told him","psg_id":"738915"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"Morgan Earp, as well as Wells Fargo agent Marshall Williams. The posse found the mules on the McLaury's Ranch on Babacomari Creek, northwest of Tombstone, as well as the branding iron used to change the \"US\" brand to \"D8.\" To avoid bloodshed, Cowboy Frank Patterson promised Hurst they would return the mules and Hurst persuaded the posse to withdraw. Hurst went to nearby Charleston, but the Cowboys showed up two days later without the mules, laughing at Hurst and the Earps. In response, Hurst had printed and distributed a handbill in which he named Frank McLaury as specifically assisting with","psg_id":"738871"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"get off his second shot, Holliday killed him. Holliday was tried for the murder but acquitted, mostly based on the testimony of Webb. Holliday had saved Wyatt Earp's life at one time and had become a close friend. He had been living in Prescott, Arizona Territory and making a living as a gambler since late 1879. There, he first met future Tombstone sheriff Johnny Behan, a sometime gambler and saloon owner. In late September 1880, Holliday followed the Earps to Tombstone. The ranch owned by Newman Haynes Clanton near Charleston, Arizona was believed to be the local center for the","psg_id":"738861"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"situation. They plied Big Nose Kate with more booze and suggested to her a way to get even with Holliday. She signed an affidavit implicating Holliday in the attempted stagecoach robbery and murders. Holliday was a good friend of Bill Leonard, a former watchmaker from New York, one of three men implicated in the robbery. Judge Wells Spicer issued an arrest warrant for Holliday. The Earps found witnesses who could attest to Holliday's location at the time of the murders and Kate sobered up, revealing that Behan and Joyce had influenced her to sign a document she didn't understand. With","psg_id":"738890"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"a cattle thieving son-of-a-bitch, you've threatened my life enough, and you've got to fight!\", Ike Clanton was hear to reply, \"Fight is my racket, and all I want is four feet of ground!\" Ike reported in his testimony afterward that Wyatt Earp cursed him. He said Wyatt, Virgil and Morgan offered him his rifle and to fight him right there in the courthouse, which Ike declined. Ike also denied ever threatening the Earps. Judge Wallace fined Ike $25 plus court costs. Ike paid the fine and Virgil told Ike he could pick up his confiscated rifle and revolver at the","psg_id":"738901"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"God will let me live to get my clothes on, he will see me.\" At about 1:00 pm, Virgil and Morgan Earp found Ike on 4th Street, still armed, and Virgil pistol whipped him from behind. Disarming him, the Earps took Ike to appear before Judge Wallace for violating the ordinance. Wyatt waited with Clanton while Virgil went to find Justice of the Peace A.O. Wallace so a court hearing could be held. While Wyatt waited for Virgil to return with Judge Wallace, witnesses overheard Wyatt tell Clanton, \"You cattle thieving son-of-a-bitch, and you know that I know you are","psg_id":"738900"},{"title":"The Gunfighters","text":"brothers and Johnny Ringo; on the other, the two Earps and Doc Holliday. At the end of the gunfight Ringo and the three Clantons are shot dead. Shortly thereafter, the Doctor, Steven and Dodo slip away in the TARDIS. They arrive on a strange planet, and decide to go out and have a look. As they leave, a strange man is seen approaching the TARDIS on the scanner. The working title for this story was \"The Gunslingers\". This was the last serial of the classic series to have individual episode titles. From \"The Savages\" on, each serial had an overall","psg_id":"5088209"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"suspects—Leonard, Head and Crane—were killed in unrelated incidents. Ike began to fear that word of his possible cooperation had leaked, threatening to compromise his standing among the Cowboys. Undercover Wells Fargo Company agent M. Williams suspected a deal, and said something to Ike, who was fearful that other Cowboys might learn of his double-cross. Ike now began to threaten Wyatt and Doc Holliday (who had learned of the deal) for apparently revealing Ike's willingness to help arrest his friends. The fallout over the Cowboys' attempt to implicate Holliday and the Earps in the robbery, along with Behan's involvement in King's","psg_id":"738880"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"but I will kill them on sight.\" When Behan said he had disarmed them, Virgil attempted to avoid a fight. \"I had a walking stick in my left hand and my hand was on my six-shooter in my waist pants, and when he said he had disarmed them, I shoved it clean around to my left hip and changed my walking stick to my right hand.\" Wyatt said I \"took my pistol, which I had in my hand, under my coat, and put it in my overcoat pocket.\" The Earps walked further down Fremont street and came into full view","psg_id":"738920"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the Earps. After he was passed over by Johnny Behan for the position of undersheriff, Wyatt thought he might beat him in the next Cochise County election in late 1882. He thought catching the murderers of Bud Philpot and Peter Roerig would help him win the sheriff's office. Wyatt later said that on June 2, 1881 he offered the Wells, Fargo & Co. reward money and more to Ike Clanton if he would provide information leading to the capture or death of the stage robbers. According to Wyatt, Ike was initially interested, but the plan was foiled when the three","psg_id":"738879"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"the transcription. The documents were subsequently lost and are still unaccounted for. Even if Tom wasn't armed with a revolver, Virgil Earp testified Tom attempted to grab a rifle from the scabbard on the horse in front of him before he was killed. Judge Spicer ruled afterward that \"if Thomas McLaury was one of a party who were thus armed and were making felonious resistance to an arrest, and in the melee that followed was shot, the fact of his being unarmed, if it be a fact, could not of itself criminate the defendants [Earps], if they were not otherwise","psg_id":"738955"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side. All three Earp brothers had been the target of repeated death threats made by the Cowboys, who objected to the Earps' interference in their illegal activities. The four law men faced five Cowboys. Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed. Ike Clanton claimed that he was unarmed and ran from the fight, along with Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Virgil, Morgan, and Doc Holliday were wounded, but Wyatt Earp was unharmed. The shootout has come to represent a period of the American Old West when the frontier was virtually an","psg_id":"738836"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"was in considerable pain and asked for a doctor and some morphine. He told those near him, \"They have murdered me. I have been murdered. Chase the crowd away and from the door and give me air.\" Billy gasped for air, and someone else heard him say, \"Go away and let me die.\" Ike Clanton, who had repeatedly threatened the Earps with death, was still running. William Cuddy testified that Ike passed him on Allen Street and Johnny Behan saw him a few minutes later on Toughnut Street. Both Wyatt and Virgil believed Tom McLaury was armed and testified that","psg_id":"738939"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"\"Throw up your hands, I want your guns!\" Wyatt said Virgil told the Cowboys, \"Throw up your hands; I have come to disarm you!\" Virgil and Wyatt both testified they saw Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton draw and cock their six-shooters. Virgil yelled: \"Hold! I don't mean that!\" or \"Hold on, I don't want that!\" The single-action revolvers carried by both groups had to be cocked before firing. Jeff Morey, who served as the historical consultant on the film \"Tombstone\", compared testimony by partisan and neutral witnesses and came to the conclusion that the Earps described the situation accurately. Who","psg_id":"738927"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"and Morgan's horses became so weak, that the two men walked back to Tombstone to obtain new horses. After pursuing the Cowboys for over they could not obtain more fresh horses and were forced to give up the chase. They returned to Tombstone on April 1. Behan submitted a bill for $796.84 to the county for posse expenses, but he refused to reimburse the Earps for any of their costs. Virgil was incensed. They were finally reimbursed by Wells, Fargo & Co. later on, but the incident caused further friction between county and federal law enforcement, and between Behan and","psg_id":"738878"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"go to trial. The prosecution was led by Republican District Attorney Lyttleton Price, assisted by John M. Murphy, James Robinson, and Benoodrich. They were joined by William McLaury, Frank and Tom's older brother, he also being an able attorney, who played a key role on the prosecutor's team. The Earps' attorney Thomas Fitch was an experienced trial lawyer and had earned a reputation as the \"silver-tongued orator of the Pacific.\" Spicer took written and oral testimony from a number of witnesses over more than a month. Accounts by both participants and eye-witnesses were contradictory. Those loyal to one side or","psg_id":"738959"},{"title":"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral","text":"front of the Sheriff's Office, and Johnny Behan told Wyatt Earp, \"I'll have to arrest you.\" Wyatt paused two or three seconds and replied very forcibly: \"I won't be arrested today. I am right here and am not going away. You have deceived me. You told me these men were disarmed; I went to disarm them.\" Dr. George Goodfellow treated the Earps' wounds. Dr. Henry M. Mathews examined the dead Cowboys late that night. He found Frank McLaury had two wounds: a gunshot beneath the right ear that horizontally penetrated his head, and a second entering his abdomen one inch","psg_id":"738941"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Incident Near the O.K. Corral.\\\" Stuart Lake titled his chapter about the conflict \\\"At the O.K. Corral\\\" in his popular book \\\"\\\". But it was the popular movie \\\"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\\\" that cemented the incident and its erroneous location in popular consciousness. The movie and accompanying mythologizing also altered the way that the public thought of the Earps and the outlaws. Prior to the movie, the media often criticized the Earps' actions in Tombstone. In the movies, they became the good guys, always ready to stand for what is right. The incident has become a fixture in American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)\",\n \"text\": \"to Tombstone to face off against the Earps at the O.K. Corral. Holliday, who is sick from tuberculosis, joins them. Though Virgil and Morgan are wounded in the gunfight, all six in Clanton's gang are killed, including Billy, who is given a chance to surrender but refuses. After the fight is over, Wyatt joins Holliday for a final drink before heading off to California to meet Laura, as promised. There are historical inaccuracies contained in the film depiction of the Gunfight at O.K. Corral: Part of the movie was shot on the set of Paramount Ranch. Reviews were generally positive.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4564068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"accuracy. These works include: David Williams and Paul McIlroy introduced a mathematical model for the O.K. Corral gunfight, which they published in \\\"Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society\\\" (1998). Later this model was analyzed by Sir John Kingman (1999, 2002), and Kingman and Volkov (2003). They analyzed the probability of \\\"survival of exactly S gunmen given an initially fair configuration.\\\" Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"artist, painted \\\"Gunfight at O.K. Corral\\\", a oil painting regarded by some as the most accurate depiction of the gunfight for many years. Forsythe's father William Bowen Forsyth and uncle Ira Chandler owned the store Chandler & Forsyth C.O.D. at 328 Fremont Street, west of the back entrance to the O.K. Corral and half a block from the site of the gunfight. They claimed that they had been present and witnessed the shootout. Newspaper accounts of the painting reported that Forsythe had interviewed Tombstone residents and examined many of the existing buildings before beginning to plan his painting. In May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Apache warriors had engaged the U.S. Army near Tombstone just three weeks before the O.K. Corral gunfight, so the need for weapons outside of town was well established and accepted. Billy and Frank stopped first at the Grand Hotel on Allen Street, and were greeted by Doc Holliday. They learned immediately after of their brothers' beatings by the Earps within the previous two hours. The incidents had generated a lot of talk in town. Angrily, Frank said he would not drink, and he and Billy left the saloon immediately to seek Tom. By law, both Frank and Billy should have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)\",\n \"text\": \"film was nominated for two Academy Awards. Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film) Gunfight at the O.K. Corral is a 1957 American western film starring Burt Lancaster as Wyatt Earp and Kirk Douglas as Doc Holliday, loosely based on the actual event which took place on October 26, 1881. The picture was directed by John Sturges from a screenplay written by novelist Leon Uris. The shootout was portrayed in the movie as a protracted, heavily armed firefight that took place at medium range. The actual event began in a narrow wide empty lot between the Harwood house and C. S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4564072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film) Gunfight at the O.K. Corral is a 1957 American western film starring Burt Lancaster as Wyatt Earp and Kirk Douglas as Doc Holliday, loosely based on the actual event which took place on October 26, 1881. The picture was directed by John Sturges from a screenplay written by novelist Leon Uris. The shootout was portrayed in the movie as a protracted, heavily armed firefight that took place at medium range. The actual event began in a narrow wide empty lot between the Harwood house and C. S. Fly's 12-room boarding house and photography studio.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4564061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"for much of the popular imagery associated with the Old West. Despite its name, the gunfight did not take place within or next to the O.K. Corral, which fronted Allen Street and had a rear entrance lined with horse stalls on Fremont Street. The shootout actually took place in a narrow lot on the side of C. S. Fly's Photographic Studio on Fremont Street, six doors west of the O.K. Corral's rear entrance. Some members of the two opposing parties were initially only about apart. About 30 shots were fired in 30 seconds. Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"history due to the personal nature of the feud between the Earps and the McLaury and Clanton brothers and the symbolism of the fight between lawmen and the Cowboys. The Cowboys maimed Virgil and murdered Morgan but escaped prosecution, and Wyatt's extra-legal campaign for revenge captured people's attention. The gunfight and its aftermath stand for the change overcoming America as the Western frontier ceased to exist, as a nation that was rapidly industrializing pushed out what had been a largely agrarian economy. The town of Tombstone has capitalized on interest in the gunfight. A portion of the town is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton. Ike Clanton had been publicly threatening to kill the Earps for several months, including very loud threats on the day before. Wyatt told the court afterward that Clanton had bragged that he would kill the Earps or Doc Holliday at his first opportunity. But when the gunfight broke out, Clanton ran forward and grabbed Wyatt, exclaiming that he was unarmed and did not want a fight. To this protest Wyatt said he responded, \\\"Go to fighting or get away!\\\" Clanton ran through the front door of Fly's boarding house and escaped, unwounded. Other accounts say\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"although it could have been anyone among the lawmen. Wyatt had developed a reputation as a no-nonsense, hard-nosed lawman, but prior to the gunfight in October 1881, he had been involved in only one other shooting, in Dodge City, Kansas during the summer of 1878. The 1931 book \\\"\\\" was a best-selling biography by Stuart N. Lake. It established Wyatt Earp's role as a fearless lawman in the American Old West and the legend of the \\\"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\\\" in the public consciousness. But Lake and many others in the popular media wildly exaggerated Wyatt's role as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"open range for outlaws, largely unopposed by law enforcement officers who were spread thin over vast territories. The gunfight was not well known to the American public until 1931, when Stuart Lake published the initially well-received biography \\\"\\\" two years after Earp's death. The book was the basis for the 1946 film \\\"My Darling Clementine\\\", directed by John Ford, and the 1957 film \\\"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\\\", after which the shootout became known by that name. Since then, the conflict has been portrayed with varying degrees of accuracy in numerous Western films and books, and has become an archetype\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"that Ike and Tom had left their livery stable and entered town while armed, in violation of the city ordinance. Virgil Earp was told by several citizens that the McLaurys and the Clantons had gathered on Fremont Street. Virgil decided he had to disarm the Cowboys. His decision to take action may have been influenced by the Cowboy's repeated threats to the Earps, their proximity to Holliday's room in Fly's boarding house, and their location on the route the Earps usually took to their homes two blocks further west on Fremont Street. Several members of the citizen's vigilance committee offered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738916\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"were killed. Ike Clanton subsequently filed murder charges against the Earps and Doc Holliday. The lawmen were exonerated by a local justice of the peace after a 30-day preliminary hearing and then by a local grand jury. The gunfight was not the end of the conflict. On December 28, 1881, Virgil Earp was ambushed and maimed in a murder attempt by the Cowboys. On March 18, 1882, a Cowboy fired from a dark alley through the glass door of a Campbell & Hatch’s saloon and billiard parlor, killing Morgan Earp. The suspects in both incidents furnished alibis supplied by other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"he told Ike he had not told Holliday anything. Wyatt Earp offered to prove this when Holliday and the Clantons next returned to town. A month later, the weekend before the shootout, Morgan Earp was concerned about possible trouble with the Cowboys. He asked Doc Holliday to come back to Tombstone from a fiesta celebration in Tucson where Holliday had been gambling. Upon his return, Wyatt Earp asked Holliday about Ike's accusation. On the morning of Tuesday, October 25, 1881, the day before the gunfight, Ike Clanton and Tom McLaury drove in a spring wagon from Chandler's Milk Ranch at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"paint the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. The oil on masonite painting titled \\\"The Street Fight\\\" is 6 feet 4 inches by 4 feet (1.93 m by 1.22 m). It was the largest work ever executed by Perceval. He referred to original documents in Gilchriese's collection, including Wyatt Earp's own diagram of the shootout, and unpublished notes made by John Flood, to create what is regarded as the most accurate depiction of the shootout. Gilchreise had 500 lithographic prints reproduced from the original, which Perceval signed. The prints were sold by the museum for $10. After Gilchriese closed his museum,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Cowboys' illegal activities. Tom and Frank McLaury worked with the rustlers buying and selling stolen cattle. Many of the rural ranchers and Cowboys resented the growing influence of the city residents over county politics and law enforcement. The ranchers largely maintained control of the country outside Tombstone, due in large part to the sympathetic support of Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan, who favored the Cowboys and rural ranchers, and who also grew to intensely dislike the Earps. Behan tended to ignore the Earps' complaints about the McLaurys' and Clantons' horse thieving and cattle rustling. The Earps were known to bend\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"matched the story Behan later told at the coroner's inquest. Though saloon-keeper Andrew Mehan had seen Tom deposit his pistol after his beating by Earp and before the gunfight, none of the Earps had any way of knowing that Tom had left his revolver at the saloon. Hotel keeper Albert \\\"Chris\\\" Billickie, whose father Charles owned the Cosmopolitan Hotel, saw Tom McLaury enter Bauer's butcher shop about 2:00 p.m. He testified that Tom's right-hand pants pocket was flat when he went in but protruded, as if it contained a pistol (so he thought), when he emerged. Retired army surgeon Dr.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"was fined. Saloon-keeper Mehan testified that Tom had deposited his revolver at the Capital Saloon on 4th Street and Fremont after his arrest and before the fight, between 1 and 2 p.m. Several Cowboy witnesses testified that Tom was unarmed and claimed that the Earps had murdered a defenseless man. Behan testified that when he searched Tom McLaury for a weapon prior to the gunfight, he was not thorough, and that Tom might have had a pistol hidden in his waistband. Behan's testimony was significant, since he was a prime witness for the prosecution but had equivocated on this point.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)\",\n \"text\": \"battle.\\\" Richard L. Coe of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" deemed the film \\\"just what its title suggests — blood-thirsty, empty-headed and good fun of its sort.\\\" \\\"The Monthly Film Bulletin\\\" called it \\\"carefully and lavishly mounted, but it is ultimately overlong and overwrought. Leon Uris's script dulls the final scene of action by the introduction of too many minor climaxes, which never blend.\\\" The film was a big hit and earned $4.7 million on its first run and $6 million on re-release. Its Dimitri Tiomkin score, featuring the song \\\"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\\\", with lyrics by Ned Washington, sung by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4564070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"day. Though usually opposing each other in their reporting of events, reporting by both the \\\"Epitaph\\\" and the \\\"Nugget\\\" initially supported the lawmen's version of events. Woods, the publisher of the pro-Cowboy \\\"Nugget\\\", was out of town during the hearings, and an experienced reporter, Richard Rule, wrote the story. The \\\"Nugget\\\" staff had a close relationship with Sheriff Behan, but Rule's story, as printed in the \\\"Nugget\\\" the day after the shootout, backed up the Earps' version of events. This varied widely from Behan's and the Cowboys' later court testimony. Subsequent stories about the gunfight published in the \\\"Nugget\\\" after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"hands in the air, and that neither of the McLaurys were troublemakers. They portrayed Ike Clanton and Tom McLaury as being unjustly bullied and beaten by the vengeful Earps on the day of the gunfight. On the strength of the prosecution case, Spicer revoked the bail for Doc and Wyatt Earp and had them jailed on November 7. They spent the next 16 days in jail. Defense accounts contradicted the testimony of Behan, Claiborne and Allen, who all said that a man had fired a nickel-plated pistol first. Claiborne and Allen both said it was Holliday. Virgil, Wyatt and other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"have been down there to disarm them.'\\\" In his testimony, Behan repeatedly insisted he told the Earps that he only intended to disarm the Cowboys, not that he had actually done so. The article said that Behan \\\"was standing near by commanding the contestants to cease firing but was powerless to prevent it.\\\" Given the \\\"Nugget\\\" close relationship to Behan (it was owned by Behan's deputy sheriff), it is likely they interviewed him. By Williams' account, Behan told Virgil Earp immediately after the gunfight a story that corroborated the \\\"Nugget\\\" report, which the newspaper altered afterward to a version that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the painting and other contents of the museum were sold at auction by John's Western Gallery of San Francisco. The estimated auction price for the painting had been $200,000 to $300,000; the final sale price on June 25, 2004 was $40,250. It was put up for auction again on June 14, 2014 with an estimated selling price of $40,000–$60,000 but failed to sell. Less than a month after the shootout it was described by a local newspaper as the \\\"Gunfight at The O.K. Corral\\\". William Breakenridge in his 1928 book \\\"Helldorado: Bringing Law to the Mesquite\\\" described it as \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Frankie Laine, pushes the movie's momentum relentlessly throughout. Members of the Western Writers of America chose the song \\\"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\\\" as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Sturges revisited the same material a decade later when he directed a more historically accurate sequel of sorts, \\\"Hour of the Gun\\\", starring James Garner as Wyatt Earp, Jason Robards as Doc Holliday, and Robert Ryan as Ike Clanton. That film begins with a more accurate version of the O.K. Corral gun battle, then moves forward into the aftermath for the balance of the movie. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4564071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"central figure in the gunfight. It was only discovered much later that \\\"Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal\\\", based on eight interviews with Earp, was largely fictional. The book and later Hollywood portrayals embellished Wyatt's reputation and magnified his mystique as a western lawman. Morgan Earp had no known experience with gunfighting prior to their arrival in Tombstone. While Wyatt was Pima County Deputy Sheriff on July 27, 1881, Morgan Earp took over his job as shotgun messenger for Wells Fargo. Morgan also occasionally assisted Virgil and at the time of the gunfight was wearing a deputy city marshal's badge and drawing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738859\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"known as Guadalupe Canyon. In August 1881, 15 Mexicans carrying gold, coins and bullion to make their purchases were ambushed and killed in Skeleton Canyon. The next month Mexican Commandant Felipe Neri dispatched troops to the border, where they killed five Cowboys, including Old Man Clanton, in Guadalupe Canyon. The Earps knew that the McLaurys and Clantons were reputed to be mixed up in the robbery and murder in Skeleton Canyon. Wyatt Earp said in his testimony after the shootout, \\\"I naturally kept my eyes open and did not intend that any of the gang should get the drop on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"hiding the mules. He reprinted this in \\\"The Tombstone Epitaph\\\" on July 30, 1880. Virgil later said that McLaury had asked him if he had posted the handbills. When Virgil said he had not, McLaury said if Virgil had printed the handbills it was Frank's intention to kill Virgil. He warned Virgil, \\\"If you ever again follow us as close as you did, then you will have to fight anyway.\\\" This incident was the first run-in between the Clantons and McLaurys and the Earps. On the evening of March 15, 1881, a Kinnear & Company stagecoach carrying US$26,000 in silver\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"later, Virgil ran for the office on November 12, 1880 but lost to Ben Sippy. However, on June 6, 1881, Sippy asked for a two-week leave of absence. The city soon discovered $3,000 in financial improprieties in Sippy's records. A few days later Virgil was appointed as town marshal in his place. At the time of the gunfight, Virgil was both Deputy U.S. Marshal and town marshal. The city suspended him as town marshal after Ike Clanton filed murder charges, and after he was wounded in an assassination attempt on December 29, 1881, Wyatt replaced him as Deputy U.S. Marshal.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Holliday's walking-stick in return. As usual, the Earps carried their revolvers in their coat pockets or in their waistbands. Wyatt Earp was carrying a .44 caliber American 1869 Smith & Wesson revolver. Holliday was carrying a nickel-plated pistol in a holster, but this was concealed by his long coat, as was the shotgun. The Earps and Holliday walked west, down the south side of Fremont Street past the rear entrance to the O.K. Corral, but out of visual range of the Cowboys' last reported location. Near the corner of Fourth St. and Fremont St., the Earps ran into Sheriff Behan.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"had been properly deputized by Virgil Earp. The public perceptions were controversial concerning the Earp brothers' actions, and especially those of Wyatt. Even today, the brothers have strongly opinionated admirers and detractors. A hand-drawn sketch of the gunfight was made by John Flood with Wyatt Earp's assistance on September 15, 1921; it was sold at auction in October 2010 for $380,000. The map describes the position of a number of witnesses and all of the participants with the exception of Ike Clanton, who fled from the gunfight. In 1952, Victor Clyde Forsythe, a popular painter of desert scenes and cowboy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738967\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"came to each other's aid. Virgil Earp thought that some of the Cowboys had met at Charleston, Arizona, and taken \\\"an oath over blood drawn from the arm of Johnny Ringo, the leader, that they would kill us.\\\" Among the lawmen involved in the O.K. Corral shooting, only Virgil had any real experience in combat, and he had far more experience than any of his brothers as a sheriff, constable, and marshal. The Earps' work as lawmen was not welcomed by the Cowboys, who viewed the Earps as badge-toting tyrants who ruthlessly enforced the business interests of the town. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Cowboys (In that time and region, the term \\\"cowboy\\\" generally meant an outlaw; legitimate cowmen were instead referred to as cattle herders or ranchers.). Many of the supporting facts about the events leading up to the gunfight and details of the gunfight itself are uncertain. Newspapers of the day were not above taking sides, and news reporting often editorialized on issues to reflect the publisher's interests. John Clum, publisher of \\\"The Tombstone Epitaph\\\", had helped organize a \\\"Committee of Safety\\\" (a vigilance committee) in Tombstone in late September 1881. He was elected as the city's first mayor under the new\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at Hide Park\",\n \"text\": \"Gunfight at Hide Park The Gunfight at Hide Park, or Newton Massacre, was the name given to an Old West gunfight that occurred on August 19, 1871, in Newton, Kansas, United States. It was well publicised at the time, but since has received little historical attention, despite its producing a higher body count than the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and the Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight of 1881. Unlike most other well-known gunfights of the Old West, it involved no notable or well known gunfighters, nor did it propel any of its participants into any degree of fame.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8696277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"mail carrier. The newspapers, however, reported that they had been arrested for a different stage robbery that occurred on October 8 near Contention City. Ike and other Cowboys believed the new arrest was further evidence that the Earps were illegally persecuting the Cowboys. They told the Earps that they could expect retaliation. While Virgil and Wyatt were in Tucson for the federal hearing on the charges against Spence and Stilwell, Frank McLaury confronted Morgan Earp. He told him that the McLaurys would kill the Earps if they tried to arrest Spence, Stilwell, or the McLaurys again. \\\"The Tombstone Epitaph\\\" reported\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"started shooting first is not certain; accounts by both participants and eyewitnesses are contradictory. The smoke from the black powder used in the weapons added to the confusion of the gunfight in the narrow space. Those loyal to one side or the other told conflicting stories, and independent eyewitnesses who did not know the participants by sight were unable to say for certain who shot first. The six or seven men with guns fired about 30 shots in around 30 seconds. Virgil Earp reported afterward, \\\"Two shots went off right together. Billy Clanton's was one of them.\\\" Wyatt testified, \\\"Billy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Johnny Ringo\\\", and \\\"Gunsmoke\\\". Hugh O'Brian portrayed Earp on the namesake show \\\"Wyatt Earp\\\" which ran for six seasons, and he was forever associated with that role. A 2003 episode of Discovery Channel's \\\"Unsolved History\\\" used modern technology to attempt to re-enact the gunfight. They utilized a movie set to recreate a space similar to the lot where the original gun fight took place. They confirmed that the front-to-back wrist wound suffered by Billy Clanton could only have occurred if his arm was raised in the manner of one holding a pistol, and that the black powder may have obscured\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"where witnesses overheard them threatening to kill the Earps. For unknown reasons the Cowboys then walked out the back of the O.K. Corral and then west, stopping in a narrow, empty lot next to C. S. Fly's boarding house. Virgil initially avoided a confrontation with the newly arrived Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton, who had not yet deposited their weapons at a hotel or stable as the law required. The statute was not specific about how far a recently arrived visitor might \\\"with good faith, and within reasonable time\\\" travel into town while carrying a firearm. This permitted a traveler\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"still in the scabbards on Frank and Tom McLaury's horses when they were found after the gunfight. If, as was customary, Frank carried only five rounds, then he had fired only three shots. Witnesses differed about whether Tom McLaury was carrying a weapon during the shootout or not. No revolver or rifle was found near his body and he was not wearing a cartridge belt. Wyatt testified that he had arrested Tom earlier that day when he found him carrying a weapon earlier in violation of a city ordinance. He pistol-whipped him and took him to the courthouse where he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The two parties were initially only about apart. The real gunfight lasted only about 30 seconds. In Fort Griffin, Texas, Ed Bailey (Lee Van Cleef) comes looking to avenge the death of his brother at the hands of gunslinger John H. \\\"Doc\\\" Holliday (Kirk Douglas). Seeing him in a bar, Holliday's girl, Kate Fisher (Jo Van Fleet), returns to Holliday's room, where the two argue—while Holliday throws knives at the door-near her once she brings up Holliday's once-prominent family. At the same time, well-known marshal Wyatt Earp (Burt Lancaster) arrives in Fort Griffin thinking he will take outlaws Ike Clanton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4564062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Family feuds in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"had occurred on October 26, 1881, and was itself the climax of the Earp–Clanton family feud, simmering since the summer of 1880. Tensions between the Earps and both the Clantons and McLaurys increased through 1881, culminating in the historic gunfight. At the O.K. Corral, three deputized Earp brothers, Wyatt, Morgan and Virgil, along with Doc Holliday, had killed Billy Clanton, Frank McLaury and Tom McLaury. The Clanton and McLaury families were aligned with the \\\"Outlaw Cowboys\\\", a loosely knit outlaw group of families, friends and acquaintances then living in surrounding Cochise and Pima counties. The Earp Vendetta ride was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16055855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"in the chest at close range. Witness C. H. \\\"Ham\\\" Light saw Tom running or stumbling westward on Fremont Street towards Third Street, away from the gunfight, while Frank and Billy were still standing and shooting. Light testified that Tom fell at the foot of a telegraph pole on the corner of Fremont and 3rd Street and lay there, without moving, through the duration of the fight. Fallehy also saw Tom stagger across the street until he fell on his back. After shooting Tom, Holliday tossed the empty shotgun aside, pulled out his nickel-plated revolver, and continued to fire at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"historical district that has been designated a National Historic Landmark and is listed in the \\\"National Register of Historic Places\\\" by the U.S. National Park Service. A local company produces daily theatrical re-enactments of the gunfight. With the widespread sales of televisions after World War II, producers spun out a large number of western-oriented shows. At the height of their popularity in 1959, there were more than two dozen \\\"cowboy\\\" programs on each week. At least six of them were directly or indirectly connected with Wyatt Earp: \\\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\\\", \\\"Bat Masterson\\\", \\\"Tombstone Territory\\\", \\\"Broken Arrow\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"to Haffords and bought a cigar and went outside to watch the Cowboys. At the time of the gunfight about two hours later, Wyatt could not know if Tom was still armed. It was early afternoon by the time Ike and Tom had seen doctors for their head wounds. The day was chilly, with snow still on the ground in some places. Both Tom and Ike had spent the night gambling, drinking heavily, and without sleep. Now they were both out-of-doors, both wounded from head beatings, and at least Ike was still drunk. At around 1:30–2:00 pm, after Tom had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"criminated.\\\" Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne both said they were unarmed when they fled the gunfight. The bodies of the three dead Cowboys were displayed in a window at Ritter and Reams undertakers with a sign: \\\"Murdered in the Streets of Tombstone.\\\" The funerals for Billy Clanton (age 19), Tom McLaury (age 28) and his older brother Frank (age 33) were well attended. About 300 people joined in the procession to Boot Hill and as many as two thousand watched from the sidewalks. Both McLaurys were buried in the same grave, and Billy Clanton was buried nearby. The story was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"J. W. Gardiner also testified that he saw the bulge in Tom's pants. However, the bulge in Tom's pants pocket may have been the nearly $3,300 in cash and receipts found on his body, perhaps in payment for stolen Mexican beef purchased by the butcher. Wyatt and Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday believed that Tom had a revolver at the time of the gunfight. Wyatt thought Tom fired a revolver under the horse's neck and believed until he died that Tom's revolver had been removed from the scene by Wesley Fuller. Witness Fallehy wrote that he saw Morgan Earp and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the shooters' view of each other. The episode concluded that the three eyewitnesses for the prosecution (Sheriff Behan, Ike Clanton, and Billy Claiborne) likely offered perjured testimony. They found that Tom McLaury may have been hit by the shotgun round under his armpit as he reached over his horse for a rifle in his scabbard, as the horse turned away from him at the same time. The stories about the gunfight written in the 20th century affected American culture. Numerous dramatic, fictional, and documentary works have been produced about or in reference to the event, with widely varying degrees of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"he had fired at least one shot over the back of a horse. Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury exchanged gunfire with the lawmen. During the gunfight, Doc Holliday was bruised by a bullet fired by Frank that struck his holster and grazed his hip. Virgil Earp was shot through the calf, he thought by Billy Clanton. Morgan Earp was struck across both shoulder blades by a bullet that Morgan thought Frank McLaury had fired. Wyatt Earp was unhurt. Tom McLaury, his brother Frank, and Billy Clanton were killed. As the wounded lawmen were carried to their homes, they passed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"to the left of his navel. Mathews stated that the wound beneath the ear was at the base of the brain and caused instant death. Sheriff Behan testified that he had heard Morgan Earp yell \\\"I got him\\\" after Frank was shot. However, during the gunfight, Frank moved across Fremont street, putting Holliday on Frank's right and Morgan on his left. This makes it much more likely that Holliday shot the fatal round that killed Frank. When he examined Tom McLaury's body, Mathews found twelve buckshot wounds from a single shotgun blast on the right side under his arm, between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Cowboys' purpose was to leave town, yet Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne did not have their weapons with them. Spicer noted that the doctor who examined the dead Cowboys established that the wounds they received could not have occurred if their hands and arms had been in the positions that prosecution witnesses described. Spicer did not condone all of the Earps' actions and criticized Virgil Earp's use of Wyatt and Holliday as deputies, but he concluded that no laws were broken. He said the evidence indicated that the Earps and Holliday acted within the law and that Holliday and Wyatt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738966\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"was part of the Works Progress Administration. According to one report, Hayhurst was a friend of the Behan family. After he completed his transcription, he kept the original document in his home, where it was destroyed in a house fire. The interpersonal conflicts and feuds leading to the gunfight were complex. Each side had strong family ties. The brothers James, Virgil, Wyatt, Morgan, and Warren Earp were a tight-knit family, working together as pimps, lawmen, and saloon owners in several frontier towns, among other occupations, and had moved together from one town to another. Virgil served in the Union Army\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Harwood house. In testimony given by witnesses afterward, they disagreed about the precise location of the men before, during and after the gunfight. The coroner's inquest and the Spicer hearing produced a sketch showing the Cowboys standing, from left to right facing Fremont Street, with Billy Clanton and then Frank McLaury near the Harwood house and Tom McLaury and Ike Clanton roughly in the middle of the lot. Opposite them and initially only about away, Virgil Earp was on the left end of the Earp party, standing a few feet inside the vacant lot and nearest Ike Clanton. Behind him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the Cowboy plot revealed, Spicer freed Holliday. The district attorney threw out the charges, labeling them \\\"ridiculous.\\\" Doc gave Kate some money and put her on a stage out of town. Wyatt Earp testified after the gunfight that five or six weeks prior he had met Ike Clanton outside the Alhambra Hotel. Ike told Wyatt that Doc Holliday had told him he knew of Ike's meetings with Wyatt and about Ike providing information on Head, Leonard, and Crane, as well as their attempted robbery of the stage. Ike now accused Earp of telling Holliday about these conversations. Earp testified that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"charges against Doc Holliday and the Earps. Wyatt and Holliday were arrested and brought before Justice of the Peace, Wells Spicer. Morgan and Virgil were still recovering at home. Only Wyatt and Holliday were required to post $10,000 bail, which was paid by their attorney Thomas Fitch, local mine owner E.B. Gage, Wells Fargo undercover agent Fred Dodge, and other business owners appreciative of the Earps' efforts to maintain order. Virgil Earp was suspended as town marshal pending the outcome of the trial. Justice Spicer convened a preliminary hearing on October 31 to determine if there was enough evidence to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"that since the arrest of Spence and Stilwell, veiled threats [are] being made that the friends of the accused will 'get the Earps.'\\\" Milt Joyce, a county supervisor and owner of the Oriental Saloon, had a contentious relationship with Doc Holliday. In October 1880, Holliday had trouble with a gambler named Johnny Tyler in Milt Joyce's Oriental Saloon. Tyler had been hired by a competing gambling establishment to drive customers from Joyce's saloon. Holliday challenged Tyler to a fight, but Tyler ran. Joyce did not like Holliday or the Earps and he continued to argue with Holliday. Joyce ordered Holliday\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the other told conflicting stories and independent eyewitnesses who did not know the participants by sight were unable to say for certain who shot first. Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan testified on the third day of the hearing. During two days on the stand, he gave strong testimony that the Cowboys had not resisted but either threw up their hands and turned out their coats to show they were not armed. Behan's views turned public opinion against the Earps, who were free on bail. He and other prosecution witnesses testified that Tom McLaury was unarmed, that Billy Clanton had his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"photography studio at 312 Fremont Street, where Doc Holliday roomed. Behan later said he attempted to persuade Frank McLaury to give up his weapons, but Frank insisted that he would give up his guns only after City Marshal Virgil Earp and his brothers were first disarmed. The Cowboys were about a block and a half from the West End Corral at 2nd Street and Fremont, where Ike and Tom's wagon and team were stabled. Virgil Earp later testified that he thought Ike and Tom were stabled at the O.K. Corral on Allen between 3rd and 4th, from which he thought\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Morgan and Warren Earp also moved to Tombstone. Wyatt arrived hoping he could leave \\\"lawing\\\" behind. He bought a stagecoach, only to find the business was already very competitive. The Earps invested together in several mining claims and water rights. The Earps were Republicans and Northerners who had never worked as cowmen or ranchers. The Earps quickly came into conflict with Frank and Tom McLaury, Billy and Ike Clanton, Johnny Ringo, and William \\\"Curly Bill\\\" Brocius, among others. They were part of a large, loose association of cattle smugglers and horse thieves known as the Cowboys, outlaws who had been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738851\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the testimony there and at the coroner's inquest, but only the reporter from \\\"The Daily Nugget\\\" knew shorthand. The testimony recorded by the court recorder and the two newspapers varied greatly. According to the Earps' version of events, the fight was in self-defense because the Cowboys, armed in violation of local ordinance, aggressively threatened the lawmen and defied a lawful order to hand over their weapons. The Cowboys maintained that they raised their hands, offering no resistance, and were shot in cold blood by the Earps. Sorting out who was telling the truth was difficult and remains so to this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738846\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"in the Dexter Livery Stable. On March 19, King conveniently escaped while Dunbar and Woods were making out the bill-of-sale. Woods claimed that someone had deliberately unlocked a secured back door to the jail. The Earps and the townspeople were furious at King's easy escape. Williams was later dismissed from Wells Fargo, leaving behind a number of debts, when it was determined he had been stealing from the company for years. The Earps pursued the other two men for 17 days, riding for 60 hours without food and 36 hours without water, during which Bob Paul's horse died, and Wyatt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"witnesses testified that Holliday was carrying a shotgun. (Morgan remained bedridden throughout the trial and did not testify.) The prosecution's scenario would have required Holliday to fire with his pistol first, switch to the shotgun to shoot Tom McLaury, then switch back again to his pistol to continue firing. Three witnesses gave key evidence that swayed Justice Spicer to hold that Virgil had acted within his capacity as Sheriff and that there was insufficient evidence to indict the Earps and Doc Holliday for murder. H.F Sills was an AT&SF RR engineer who had just arrived in town and knew none\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738962\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"O.K. Corral hearing and aftermath\",\n \"text\": \"shotgun; put it aside in order to pull out his pistol; fired the first shot, presumably at Billy Clanton; and then picked up the shotgun in order to kill Tom McLaury—all in the space of a few seconds.\\\" Under questioning, Matthews said he did not see Ike Clanton appeal to Wyatt to not shoot him. Four days after the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, as permitted by territorial law, Ike Clanton applied by affidavit for an arrest warrant against Doc Holliday and the Earps. Because Morgan and Virgil were incapacitated by their wounds, they were recovering at home, and were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18740458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"been appointed Tombstone's town marshal (i.e., chief of police) on June 6, 1881, after Ben Sippy abandoned the job. However, Virgil at the same time continued to hold his position of deputy U.S. marshal, and it was in this federal capacity that he continued to chase robbers of stage coaches outside Tombstone city limits. At the scene of the holdup, Wyatt discovered an unusual boot print left by someone wearing a custom-repaired boot heel. The Earps checked a shoe repair shop in Bisbee known to provide widened boot heels and were able to link the boot print to Stilwell. Frank\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"direct conflict with the Earps' roles as lawmen, Johnny Behan was Cochise County Sheriff. Virgil Earp had served for three years during the Civil War and had also been involved in a police shooting in Prescott, Arizona Territory. He was appointed Deputy U.S. Marshal for eastern Pima County by U.S. Marshal Crawley Dake, on November 27, 1879, before the Earps arrived in Tombstone on December 1, 1879. He was appointed acting Tombstone's town marshal (or police chief) on September 30, 1880, after popular Tombstone town marshal Fred White was shot and killed by Curly Bill Brocius. Only a few days\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"horse, standing a little out from the house.\\\" Martha J. King was in Bauer's butcher shop located on Fremont Street. She testified that when the Earp party passed by her location, one of the Earps on the outside of the group looked across and said to Doc Holliday nearest the store, \\\"... let them have it!\\\" to which Holliday replied, \\\"All right.\\\" When the Earps approached the lot, the four law men initially faced six Cowboys: Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne, Wes Fuller, and Ike Clanton. When the Cowboys saw the officers, they stepped away from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"O.K. Corral (building)\",\n \"text\": \"The gunfight took place within the narrow lot and on Fremont Street. The O.K. Corral at 326 Allen Street is within the Tombstone Historic District. Investors from Detroit, Michigan, led by attorney Harold O. Love, purchased the O.K. Corral, along with \\\"The Tombstone Epitaph\\\" newspaper, the Crystal Palace Saloon, and Schieffelin Hall in 1964. , the Love family continues to operate the O.K. Corral as a historic site. The museum property extends from the Allen Street frontage northward to Fremont Street, including the land where the historic gunfight began. The narrow lot where much of the gunfight took place is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15308713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"a room, Tom McLaury and Ike Clanton had no place to go. Shortly after 8:00 am barkeeper E. F. Boyle spoke to Ike Clanton in front of the telegraph office. Clanton had been drinking all night and Boyle encouraged him to get some sleep, but Ike insisted he would not go to bed. Boyle later testified he noticed Ike was armed and covered his gun for him. Boyle later said that Ike told him, \\\"'As soon as the Earps and Doc Holliday showed themselves on the street, the ball would open—that they would have to fight' ... I went down\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738897\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Behan's sympathy to the Cowboys was well known, and during the trial he firmly denied he had contributed money to help Ike with his defense costs. However, documents were located in 1997 that showed Behan served as guarantor for a loan to Ike Clanton during the Spicer hearing. Since Wyatt planned to run against Behan for County Sheriff, Behan had an incentive to help convict Wyatt. A story in the Cowboy-friendly newspaper, the \\\"Nugget\\\", stated without attribution that \\\"The Sheriff stepped out and said [to the Earps]: 'Hold up boys, don't go down there or there will be trouble; I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Branch Saloon gunfight\",\n \"text\": \"each other.\\\" Long Branch Saloon gunfight The Long Branch Saloon gunfight, on April 5, 1879, was a gunfight that took place at the famed Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, Kansas, between Frank Loving and Levi Richardson, both gamblers who frequented the saloon. Frank Loving was a 19-year-old youth at the time of the fight. Although often referred to as being a gunman, that reputation did not develop until after this gunfight. Loving had come to Dodge City from Texas, arriving the year before and settling into the gamblers life of the busy cattle town. He'd married, became friends with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12043657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Branch Saloon gunfight\",\n \"text\": \"Long Branch Saloon gunfight The Long Branch Saloon gunfight, on April 5, 1879, was a gunfight that took place at the famed Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, Kansas, between Frank Loving and Levi Richardson, both gamblers who frequented the saloon. Frank Loving was a 19-year-old youth at the time of the fight. Although often referred to as being a gunman, that reputation did not develop until after this gunfight. Loving had come to Dodge City from Texas, arriving the year before and settling into the gamblers life of the busy cattle town. He'd married, became friends with Long Branch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12043652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Earp, left for Los Angeles on March 25, 1882, and then returned to her family in San Francisco. In July 1882, Wyatt left Colorado and went to San Francisco, where he sought out Sadie and his brother Virgil, who was seeking treatment for his arm. In February or March 1883, Sadie and Earp left San Francisco for Gunnison, where Earp ran a Faro bank until he received a request in April for assistance from Luke Short in Dodge City. Sadie was his common-law wife for the next 46 years. Tensions between the Earps and the McLaurys further increased when another\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738883\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"with his offices in Tombstone, only days before his arrival. In June 1881 he was also appointed as Tombstone's town marshal (or police chief). Though not universally liked by the townspeople, the Earps tended to protect the interests of the town's business owners and residents; even so, Wyatt Earp helped protect Cowboy \\\"Curly Bill\\\" Brocius from being lynched after he accidentally killed Tombstone city Marshal Fred White. In contrast, Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan was generally sympathetic to the interests of the rural ranchers and members of the loosely organized outlaw group called the Cochise County Cowboys, or simply the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Gunfighters\",\n \"text\": \"tow in search of Holliday. Steven and Kate end up being taken by Ringo to the Clanton ranch where the Clantons recamp and tell their father, Pa Clanton, that they have killed an Earp. Wyatt Earp swears vengeance and starts to build a posse of lawmen to deal with the Clantons once and for all. Doc Holliday returns to Tombstone with Dodo, and offers his services to his old friend Earp too. Attempts by the Doctor to defuse the situation amount to little: there will be a gunfight at the O.K. Corral. On the one side are the three Clanton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5088208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"to support him with arms, but Virgil refused. He had during the prior month appointed Morgan as a Special Policeman. He had also appointed Wyatt as a Special Policeman while Virgil had been in Prescott on business. He had also called on Doc Holliday that morning for help with disarming the Clantons and McLaurys. Wyatt spoke of his brothers Virgil and Morgan as the \\\"marshals\\\" while he acted as \\\"deputy.\\\" Virgil Earp picked up the shotgun he had retrieved from the Wells Fargo office earlier. He gave the shotgun to Doc Holliday who hid it under his overcoat. He took\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy Clanton\",\n \"text\": \"warned the Earps. Upon attempting to disarm the Cowboys, a shootout broke out, later named the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. There remain today conflicting versions of what actually happened and who fired first. Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne ran away in the opening moments. Billy Clanton emptied his gun during the fight, and was killed along with both McLaurys. Doc Holliday and Virgil and Morgan Earp were wounded. The town was divided, with many supporting the Clantons, and others supporting the Earps. The funeral that followed was the largest in Tombstone's history, with more than 300 people following the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11956522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hunnewell gunfight\",\n \"text\": \"Hunnewell gunfight The Hunnewell gunfight (August 21, 1884) was a gunfight of the Old West which involved no known gunmen, hence it is mostly forgotten today. However, at the time, it was widely circulated. The gunfight took place in Hunnewell, Kansas, a town frequented by cowboys working on the local ranches and corrals. Hunnewell, which as of the 2000 US census sports a population of 83, at the time was a prosperous cattle town, serving as a shipping point for Texas cattle. The Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad provided quick access to the Kansas City, Kansas stockyards, and in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12012048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"that Ike drew a hidden pistol and fired at the Earps before disappearing. Like Ike, Billy Claiborne was unarmed. He and Cowboy Wes Fuller, who had been at the rear of the lot, also ran from the fight as soon as the shooting began. According to \\\"The Tombstone Epitaph\\\", \\\"Wyatt Earp stood up and fired in rapid succession, as cool as a cucumber, and was not hit.\\\" Morgan Earp fired almost immediately, as Billy Clanton drew his gun right-handed. Morgan's shot hit Billy in the right wrist, disabling his hand. Forced to shift the revolver to his left hand, Clanton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William K. Meade\",\n \"text\": \"legislature during the 1881 session, this time representing Pima County in the upper house. Following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, Meade sided with Sheriff Johnny Behan against the Earps. In 1884, Meade was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention During the convention he requested Grover Cleveland appoint him as Governor of Arizona Territory. He did not receive the requested appointment but was instead appointed U.S. marshal for Arizona Territory on July 8, 1885. Several months later, Meade organized the liberation of newly appointed Arizona Territorial Governor C. Meyer Zulick from imprisonment in Mexico. In 1887, Meade married Helen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18026481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank McLaury\",\n \"text\": \"arrived to get Ike. Wyatt Earp and McLaury had a heated exchange. and Wyatt later testified he saw a pistol in Tom's waistband and buffaloed Tom. Later in the day the Clantons and McLaurys, along with Billy Claiborne, faced off against the Earps and Doc Holiday in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Some witnesses testified that Frank and Billy Clanton drew their weapons first, while others loyal to the Cowboys supported their version of events in which Tom opened his coat to show he was unarmed. The Earps and Holiday killed Frank and Tom McLaury along with Billy Clanton.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11950544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the McLaurys to Fort Worth. Will McLaury came to Tombstone after the gun fight and joined the prosecution team in an attempt to convict the Earps and Holliday for his brothers' murder. Paul Johnson told a different story, that the McLaurys were about to leave for Iowa to attend the wedding of their sister, Sarah Caroline, in Iowa. Tom and Frank were especially close to Sarah, one of their 14 siblings and half-siblings. Caroline married James Reed in Richland, Iowa at the end of November that year. Citizens reported to Virgil on the Cowboys' movements and their threats told him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"Morgan Earp, as well as Wells Fargo agent Marshall Williams. The posse found the mules on the McLaury's Ranch on Babacomari Creek, northwest of Tombstone, as well as the branding iron used to change the \\\"US\\\" brand to \\\"D8.\\\" To avoid bloodshed, Cowboy Frank Patterson promised Hurst they would return the mules and Hurst persuaded the posse to withdraw. Hurst went to nearby Charleston, but the Cowboys showed up two days later without the mules, laughing at Hurst and the Earps. In response, Hurst had printed and distributed a handbill in which he named Frank McLaury as specifically assisting with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"get off his second shot, Holliday killed him. Holliday was tried for the murder but acquitted, mostly based on the testimony of Webb. Holliday had saved Wyatt Earp's life at one time and had become a close friend. He had been living in Prescott, Arizona Territory and making a living as a gambler since late 1879. There, he first met future Tombstone sheriff Johnny Behan, a sometime gambler and saloon owner. In late September 1880, Holliday followed the Earps to Tombstone. The ranch owned by Newman Haynes Clanton near Charleston, Arizona was believed to be the local center for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"situation. They plied Big Nose Kate with more booze and suggested to her a way to get even with Holliday. She signed an affidavit implicating Holliday in the attempted stagecoach robbery and murders. Holliday was a good friend of Bill Leonard, a former watchmaker from New York, one of three men implicated in the robbery. Judge Wells Spicer issued an arrest warrant for Holliday. The Earps found witnesses who could attest to Holliday's location at the time of the murders and Kate sobered up, revealing that Behan and Joyce had influenced her to sign a document she didn't understand. With\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"a cattle thieving son-of-a-bitch, you've threatened my life enough, and you've got to fight!\\\", Ike Clanton was hear to reply, \\\"Fight is my racket, and all I want is four feet of ground!\\\" Ike reported in his testimony afterward that Wyatt Earp cursed him. He said Wyatt, Virgil and Morgan offered him his rifle and to fight him right there in the courthouse, which Ike declined. Ike also denied ever threatening the Earps. Judge Wallace fined Ike $25 plus court costs. Ike paid the fine and Virgil told Ike he could pick up his confiscated rifle and revolver at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738901\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"God will let me live to get my clothes on, he will see me.\\\" At about 1:00 pm, Virgil and Morgan Earp found Ike on 4th Street, still armed, and Virgil pistol whipped him from behind. Disarming him, the Earps took Ike to appear before Judge Wallace for violating the ordinance. Wyatt waited with Clanton while Virgil went to find Justice of the Peace A.O. Wallace so a court hearing could be held. While Wyatt waited for Virgil to return with Judge Wallace, witnesses overheard Wyatt tell Clanton, \\\"You cattle thieving son-of-a-bitch, and you know that I know you are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738900\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Gunfighters\",\n \"text\": \"brothers and Johnny Ringo; on the other, the two Earps and Doc Holliday. At the end of the gunfight Ringo and the three Clantons are shot dead. Shortly thereafter, the Doctor, Steven and Dodo slip away in the TARDIS. They arrive on a strange planet, and decide to go out and have a look. As they leave, a strange man is seen approaching the TARDIS on the scanner. The working title for this story was \\\"The Gunslingers\\\". This was the last serial of the classic series to have individual episode titles. From \\\"The Savages\\\" on, each serial had an overall\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5088209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"suspects—Leonard, Head and Crane—were killed in unrelated incidents. Ike began to fear that word of his possible cooperation had leaked, threatening to compromise his standing among the Cowboys. Undercover Wells Fargo Company agent M. Williams suspected a deal, and said something to Ike, who was fearful that other Cowboys might learn of his double-cross. Ike now began to threaten Wyatt and Doc Holliday (who had learned of the deal) for apparently revealing Ike's willingness to help arrest his friends. The fallout over the Cowboys' attempt to implicate Holliday and the Earps in the robbery, along with Behan's involvement in King's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"but I will kill them on sight.\\\" When Behan said he had disarmed them, Virgil attempted to avoid a fight. \\\"I had a walking stick in my left hand and my hand was on my six-shooter in my waist pants, and when he said he had disarmed them, I shoved it clean around to my left hip and changed my walking stick to my right hand.\\\" Wyatt said I \\\"took my pistol, which I had in my hand, under my coat, and put it in my overcoat pocket.\\\" The Earps walked further down Fremont street and came into full view\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738920\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the Earps. After he was passed over by Johnny Behan for the position of undersheriff, Wyatt thought he might beat him in the next Cochise County election in late 1882. He thought catching the murderers of Bud Philpot and Peter Roerig would help him win the sheriff's office. Wyatt later said that on June 2, 1881 he offered the Wells, Fargo & Co. reward money and more to Ike Clanton if he would provide information leading to the capture or death of the stage robbers. According to Wyatt, Ike was initially interested, but the plan was foiled when the three\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"the transcription. The documents were subsequently lost and are still unaccounted for. Even if Tom wasn't armed with a revolver, Virgil Earp testified Tom attempted to grab a rifle from the scabbard on the horse in front of him before he was killed. Judge Spicer ruled afterward that \\\"if Thomas McLaury was one of a party who were thus armed and were making felonious resistance to an arrest, and in the melee that followed was shot, the fact of his being unarmed, if it be a fact, could not of itself criminate the defendants [Earps], if they were not otherwise\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738955\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side. All three Earp brothers had been the target of repeated death threats made by the Cowboys, who objected to the Earps' interference in their illegal activities. The four law men faced five Cowboys. Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed. Ike Clanton claimed that he was unarmed and ran from the fight, along with Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Virgil, Morgan, and Doc Holliday were wounded, but Wyatt Earp was unharmed. The shootout has come to represent a period of the American Old West when the frontier was virtually an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"was in considerable pain and asked for a doctor and some morphine. He told those near him, \\\"They have murdered me. I have been murdered. Chase the crowd away and from the door and give me air.\\\" Billy gasped for air, and someone else heard him say, \\\"Go away and let me die.\\\" Ike Clanton, who had repeatedly threatened the Earps with death, was still running. William Cuddy testified that Ike passed him on Allen Street and Johnny Behan saw him a few minutes later on Toughnut Street. Both Wyatt and Virgil believed Tom McLaury was armed and testified that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Throw up your hands, I want your guns!\\\" Wyatt said Virgil told the Cowboys, \\\"Throw up your hands; I have come to disarm you!\\\" Virgil and Wyatt both testified they saw Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton draw and cock their six-shooters. Virgil yelled: \\\"Hold! I don't mean that!\\\" or \\\"Hold on, I don't want that!\\\" The single-action revolvers carried by both groups had to be cocked before firing. Jeff Morey, who served as the historical consultant on the film \\\"Tombstone\\\", compared testimony by partisan and neutral witnesses and came to the conclusion that the Earps described the situation accurately. Who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738927\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"and Morgan's horses became so weak, that the two men walked back to Tombstone to obtain new horses. After pursuing the Cowboys for over they could not obtain more fresh horses and were forced to give up the chase. They returned to Tombstone on April 1. Behan submitted a bill for $796.84 to the county for posse expenses, but he refused to reimburse the Earps for any of their costs. Virgil was incensed. They were finally reimbursed by Wells, Fargo & Co. later on, but the incident caused further friction between county and federal law enforcement, and between Behan and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"go to trial. The prosecution was led by Republican District Attorney Lyttleton Price, assisted by John M. Murphy, James Robinson, and Benoodrich. They were joined by William McLaury, Frank and Tom's older brother, he also being an able attorney, who played a key role on the prosecutor's team. The Earps' attorney Thomas Fitch was an experienced trial lawyer and had earned a reputation as the \\\"silver-tongued orator of the Pacific.\\\" Spicer took written and oral testimony from a number of witnesses over more than a month. Accounts by both participants and eye-witnesses were contradictory. Those loyal to one side or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\",\n \"text\": \"front of the Sheriff's Office, and Johnny Behan told Wyatt Earp, \\\"I'll have to arrest you.\\\" Wyatt paused two or three seconds and replied very forcibly: \\\"I won't be arrested today. I am right here and am not going away. You have deceived me. You told me these men were disarmed; I went to disarm them.\\\" Dr. George Goodfellow treated the Earps' wounds. Dr. Henry M. Mathews examined the dead Cowboys late that night. He found Frank McLaury had two wounds: a gunshot beneath the right ear that horizontally penetrated his head, and a second entering his abdomen one inch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"738941\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["tombstone, az","tombstone arizona","tombstone, az","tombstone, arizona","tombstone district","tombstone (city, arizona)"],"string":"[\n \"tombstone, az\",\n \"tombstone arizona\",\n \"tombstone, az\",\n \"tombstone, arizona\",\n \"tombstone district\",\n \"tombstone (city, arizona)\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78288,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"immortalized in an 1854 poem by alfred, lord tennyson, the charge of the light brigade, a military disaster for the english, occurred during what 1854 war?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)","text":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem) \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. He wrote it on December 2, 1854, and it was published on December 9, 1854 in \"The Examiner\". He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom at the time. During the 1850s, when Great Britain was engaged in the Crimean War, Tennyson wrote several patriotic poems under various pseudonyms. Scholars speculate that Tennyson created his pen names because these verses used","psg_id":"7071876"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem) \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. He wrote it on December 2, 1854, and it was published on December 9, 1854 in \\\"The Examiner\\\". He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom at the time. During the 1850s, when Great Britain was engaged in the Crimean War, Tennyson wrote several patriotic poems under various pseudonyms. Scholars speculate that Tennyson created his pen names because these verses used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7071876\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"Mr. Hayes Fisher, M.P., who presided, said that the last pensioned survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade died on the previous day. His name was Thomas Warr. The last survivor was Edwin Hughes of the 13th Light Dragoons, who died on the 18th May 1927, aged 96. Poet Laureate Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote evocatively about the battle in his poem \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\". Tennyson's poem, written 2 December and published on 9 December 1854, in \"The Examiner\", praises the Brigade (\"When can their glory fade? O the wild charge they made!\") while trenchantly mourning the","psg_id":"12375428"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)","text":"a traditional structure Tennyson employed in his earlier career but suppressed during the 1840s, worrying that poems like \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" (which he initially signed only A.T.) \"might prove not to be decorous for a poet laureate\". The poem was written after the Light Cavalry Brigade suffered great casualties in the Battle of Balaclava. Tennyson wrote the poem based on two articles published in \"The Times\": the first, published in November, 1854, provided the phrase \"Some one has blunder'd\" and thus the meter of the poem. The poem was written in a few minutes on December 2","psg_id":"7071877"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)","text":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1936 American historical adventure film made by Warner Bros. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Samuel Bischoff, with Hal B. Wallis as executive producer, from a screenplay by Michael Jacoby and Rowland Leigh, from a story by Michael Jacoby based on the poem \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The music score was by Max Steiner; his first for Warners and the cinematography by Sol Polito. Scenes were shot at the following California locations: Lone Pine, Sherwood","psg_id":"8085665"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"of defensive fire. The Light Brigade reached the battery under withering direct fire and scattered some of the gunners, but they were forced to retreat immediately, and the assault ended with very high British casualties and no decisive gains. The events were the subject of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's narrative poem \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" (1854), published just six weeks after the event. Its lines emphasise the valour of the cavalry in bravely carrying out their orders, regardless of the nearly inevitable outcome. Blame has remained controversial for the miscommunication, as the order was vague and Louis Edward Nolan","psg_id":"12375397"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"was killed in the ensuing battle. In response to the order, Lucan instructed Cardigan to lead his command of about 670 troopers of the Light Brigade straight into the valley between the Fedyukhin Heights and the Causeway Heights. In his poem, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" (1854), Tennyson dubbed this hollow \"The Valley of Death\". The opposing Russian forces were commanded by Pavel Liprandi and included approximately 20 battalions of infantry supported by over 50 artillery pieces. These forces were deployed on both sides and at the opposite end of the valley. Lucan himself was to follow with the","psg_id":"12375403"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"position of Poet Laureate; Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Leigh Hunt had also been considered. He held the position until his own death in 1892, the longest tenure of any laureate. Tennyson fulfilled the requirements of this position by turning out appropriate but often uninspired verse, such as a poem of greeting to Princess Alexandra of Denmark when she arrived in Britain to marry the future King Edward VII. In 1855, Tennyson produced one of his best-known works, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\", a dramatic tribute to the British cavalrymen involved in an ill-advised charge on 25 October 1854, during","psg_id":"696452"},{"title":"Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55)","text":"of Crimean soldier Leo Tolstoy's \"Sebastopol Sketches\" and the subject of the first Russian feature film, \"Defence of Sevastopol\". The Battle of Balaklava was made famous by Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" and Robert Gibb's painting \"The Thin Red Line\". A panorama of the siege itself was painted by Franz Roubaud. The Jamaican and English nurses who treated the wounded during these battles were much celebrated, most famously Mary Seacole and Florence Nightingale. The allies (French, Ottoman, and British) landed at Eupatoria on 14 September 1854. The Battle of the Alma (20 September 1854), which","psg_id":"4755302"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"appalling futility of the charge (\"Not tho' the soldier knew, someone had blunder'd... Charging an army, while all the world wonder'd\"). Tennyson wrote the poem inside only a few minutes after reading an account of the battle in \"The Times\", according to his grandson Sir Charles Tennyson. It immediately became hugely popular, and even reached the troops in the Crimea, where it was distributed in pamphlet form. Nearly 36 years later Kipling wrote \"The Last of the Light Brigade\" (1890), commemorating a visit by the last 20 survivors to Tennyson (then aged 80) to reproach him gently for not writing","psg_id":"12375429"},{"title":"Military in the media","text":"glorify or sanctify war. The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, with its galloping hoofbeat rhythm, is a prime late Victorian example of this, though Rudyard Kipling had written a scathing reply, \"The Last of the Light Brigade\", criticising the poverty in which many Light Brigade veterans found themselves in old age. Instead, the new wave of poetry, from the war poets, was written from the point of view of the disenchanted trench soldier. Leading war poets included: Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen, John McCrae, Rupert Brooke, Isaac Rosenberg, and David Jones. A similar movement occurred in literature,","psg_id":"13190875"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)","text":"followed suit and banned tripwires from films. Unlike Flynn's other blockbuster films, because of the number of horses killed, it was never re-released by Warner Brothers, and so wouldn't be seen again until 1956, when Warner Brothers sold the rights to it and other pre-1950 films to Associated Artists Productions and it subsequently premiered on television. \"QUIS SUPERABIT<br> WHO SHALL EXCEL THEM<br> Dedication<br> To the officers and men<br> Of the Light Brigade who<br> Died victorious in a gallant<br> Charge at Balaklava for<br> Queen and Country<br> A.D. 1856\" \"The world is indebted to Alfred,<br> Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate to<br> Her Majesty,","psg_id":"8085675"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"that the British soldiers must have been drunk. Somerset Calthorpe, aide-de-camp to Lord Raglan, wrote a letter to a friend three days after the charge. He detailed casualty numbers but did not distinguish between those killed and those taken prisoner: Slow communications meant that news of the disaster did not reach the British public until three weeks after the action. The British commanders' dispatches from the front were published in an extraordinary edition of the \"London Gazette\" of 12 November 1854. Raglan blamed Lucan for the charge, claiming that \"from some misconception of the order to advance, the Lieutenant-General (Lucan)","psg_id":"12375418"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)","text":"at a restaurant across the road from where the actors were staying. There was some shooting done in Mexico where there were fewer restrictions on hurting animals. The film comes to a climax at the Battle of Balaclava, subject of Lord Tennyson's poem \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\". The lancers charge into the valley and brave the Russian cannons, and many are killed. Text from Tennyson's poem is superimposed on the screen, coupled with Max Steiner's musical score. Director Michael Curtiz, who did not have an excellent command of English, shouted \"Bring on the empty horses\", meaning \"riderless horses\".","psg_id":"8085673"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)","text":"of the same year, based on a recollection of that account; Tennyson wrote other similar poems, like \"Riflemen, form in town and in Shrine\" in a similar manner. Tennyson made revisions to the poem due to criticisms by the American poet Frederick Goddard Tuckerman and others; these were published in Tennyson's volume \"Maud and Other Poems\". These changes were criticized by several, including both Tennyson and Tuckerman. Tennyson sent a version of the poem, after correcting the revisions in \"Maud\", at the soldiers' request. There, it was distributed in pamphlet form at the behest of Jane, Lady Franklin. The same","psg_id":"7071878"},{"title":"The Eagle (poem)","text":"mountain. They say that the fragment is vital to understanding the poem in the way that the mountain depicted is in fact the whole poem and the eagle, being a part of the mountains identity, is a loss when the eagle falls. The uncertainty of the poem being complete or incomplete reinforces the open ended question of what happens to the eagle at the end of the poem. The Eagle (poem) \"The Eagle (Fragment)\" is a short poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, which was first published in 1851. Alfred, Lord Tennyson lived during the Victorian Era during the 1800s. This","psg_id":"9972370"},{"title":"The Princess (Tennyson poem)","text":"The Princess (Tennyson poem) The Princess is a serio-comic blank verse narrative poem, written by Alfred Tennyson, published in 1847. Tennyson was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1850 to 1892 and remains one of the most popular English poets. The poem tells the story of a heroic princess who forswears the world of men and founds a women's university where men are forbidden to enter. The prince to whom she was betrothed in infancy enters the university with two friends, disguised as women students. They are discovered and flee, but eventually they fight a battle for the princess's","psg_id":"12685776"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)","text":"before he can warn Cardigan. This is 'The Charge of the Light Brigade'. The Light Brigade, torn apart by the cannons, clashes briefly with the Russians and then retreats. With most of his force dead or wounded, Lord Cardigan who led his men valiantly, is ironically unharmed, but he immediately begins bickering with the other officers about who must take the blame for the disaster. The British army at its very best and worst. The screenplay was written by Charles Wood from a first draft (uncredited) by John Osborne. It aimed to be brutally authentic, based in part on the","psg_id":"7987832"},{"title":"The Eagle (poem)","text":"The Eagle (poem) \"The Eagle (Fragment)\" is a short poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, which was first published in 1851. Alfred, Lord Tennyson lived during the Victorian Era during the 1800s. This era is widely known for the Romanticism movement in the literary culture. Tennyson was often referred as one of the main representatives of poetry during the Victorian era due to his growing popularity both during and after his time. Romanticism was a reaction to The Enlightenment or the notion that human actions were guided by other forces. The movement as a whole emphasized feeling over thought, and was","psg_id":"9972365"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1912 film)","text":"of the British and Russians. It was released in American cinemas on October 12, 1912 to commemorate the fifty-eighth anniversary of the battle. It was critically well-received with widespread praise for the pioneering new techniques. It was released as an extra on the Region 2 DVD release of the 1968 film \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\". The Charge of the Light Brigade (1912 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1912 American short war film directed by J. Searle Dawley and starring James Gordon, Richard Neill and Charles Sutton. It portrays the Charge of the Light Brigade","psg_id":"13699076"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"military historian and a former cavalryman, insisted on taking time out during the Yalta Conference in 1945 to see the battlefield for himself. One research project used a mathematical model to examine how the charge might have turned out if conducted differently. The analysis suggested that a charge toward the redoubt on the Causeway Heights, as Raglan had apparently intended, would have led to even higher British casualties. By contrast, the charge might have succeeded if the Heavy Brigade had accompanied the Light Brigade along the valley, as Lucan had initially directed. According to Norman Dixon, 19th-century accounts of the","psg_id":"12375422"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"orally instead of handing over the written orders. He said, \"There, my lord, is your enemy! There are your guns!\", and he added the word \"attack\", whereas Raglan had intended merely a show of force. Nolan's version of the order and accompanying gesture were misunderstood, causing the disaster described above. Nolan rode with the charge and died in it. Maxse's letter said that Nolan was annoyed at how little the Light Brigade had done previously, and that he was angry against Lucan. Nigel Kingscote was another of Raglan's staff officers, and he agreed that the fault was Nolan's and said","psg_id":"12375416"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, \"Timbuktu\". He published his first solo collection of poems, \"Poems Chiefly Lyrical\" in 1830. \"Claribel\" and \"Mariana\", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his","psg_id":"696439"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"by Prince Michael of Kent. A survivor, John Penn, who died in Dunbar in 1886, left a personal account of his military career, including the Charge, written for a friend. This survives and is held by East Lothian Council Archives. A number of individuals who died during 1916–17 were thought to be the 'last' survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade. For example, Sergeant James A. Mustard of the 17th Lancers, aged 85, had his funeral with military honours at Twickenham in early February 1916. In the \"Abergavenny Chronicle\" news report published on 11 February it was stated: He","psg_id":"12375426"},{"title":"Military","text":"a new kind of military depiction, through poetry. Hitherto, poetry had been used mostly to glorify or sanctify war. \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, with its galloping hoofbeat rhythm, is a prime late Victorian example of this, though Rudyard Kipling had written a scathing reply, \"The Last of the Light Brigade\", criticising the poverty in which many Light Brigade veterans found themselves in old age. Instead, the new wave of poetry, from the war poets, was written from the point of view of the disenchanted trench soldier. Leading war poets included Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen,","psg_id":"919279"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"down, and he was best positioned to render assistance to Light Brigade survivors returning from the charge. The French light cavalry, the Chasseurs d'Afrique, was more effective by clearing the Fedyukhin Heights of the two half-batteries of guns, two infantry battalions, and Cossacks to ensure that the Light Brigade would not be hit by fire from that flank, and it provided cover for the remaining elements of the Light Brigade as they withdrew. War correspondent William Howard Russell witnessed the battle and declared: \"Our Light Brigade was annihilated by their own rashness, and by the brutality of a ferocious enemy.\"","psg_id":"12375408"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"signifies \"Denys's son\", although no connection between the two families is recorded. Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, \"Timbuktu\". He published his first solo collection of poems, \"Poems Chiefly Lyrical\" in 1830. \"Claribel\" and \"Mariana\", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included","psg_id":"696467"},{"title":"Crimean War","text":"battery he could see and allegedly said \"There is your enemy, there are your guns\"—due to his obstructed view, these were the wrong ones. Lucan then passed the order to the Earl of Cardigan, resulting in the charge of the Light Brigade. In this charge, Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialised in the famous poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\".","psg_id":"572694"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"European agent, made sound recordings of Tennyson reading his own poetry, late in his life. They include recordings of \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\", and excerpts from \"The splendour falls\" (from The Princess), \"Come into the garden\" (from Maud), \"Ask me no more\", \"Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington\" and \"Lancelot and Elaine\". The sound quality is poor, as wax cylinder recordings usually are. Towards the end of his life Tennyson revealed that his \"religious beliefs also defied convention, leaning towards agnosticism and pandeism\": In a characteristically Victorian manner, Tennyson combines a deep interest in contemporary","psg_id":"696456"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"in front, leading the charge on his horse Ronald. Almost at once, Nolan rushed across the front, passing in front of Cardigan. It may be that he realised that the charge was aimed at the wrong target and was attempting to stop or turn the brigade, but he was killed by an artillery shell and the cavalry continued on its course. Captain Godfrey Morgan was close by and saw what happened: The Light Brigade faced withering fire from three sides which devastated their force on the ride, yet they were able to engage the Russian forces at the end of","psg_id":"12375405"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)","text":"case of the 17th Lancers, double white stripes. In one scene a single trooper of the 17th is correctly attired. The film's depiction of the Battle of Balaclava shows the initial Russian attack on the redoubts and of course the Charge of the Light Brigade, but elides both the stand of the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders (the \"Thin Red Line\") and the Charge of the Heavy Brigade. According to director Tony Richardson, the Heavy Brigade scene was filmed but later cut at the studio's behest. Likewise Fanny Duberly is shown to be seduced by Lord Cardigan; although she was in the","psg_id":"7987839"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Tennyson also excelled at penning short lyrics, such as \"Break, Break, Break\", \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\", \"Tears, Idle Tears\", and \"Crossing the Bar\". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as \"Ulysses\", although \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\" was written to commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and student at Trinity College, Cambridge, after he died","psg_id":"696440"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"from the greatest apparent certainty of death which could possibly be conceived. A newspaper report on 11 December 2016 revealed another version of what happened when a letter was found in the British Library, written by Lieutenant Frederick Maxse who was on Lord Raglan's staff at Balaklava. It said that Lord Raglan had sent an order for the Light Brigade to \"follow the enemy and try to prevent the enemy from carrying away the guns\", referring to some British artillery which were at risk. Raglan sent the order with 36 year-old Captain Louis Nolan, who passed it on to Lucan","psg_id":"12375415"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"Heavy Brigade. Although the Heavy Brigade was better armoured and intended for frontal assaults on infantry positions, neither force was remotely equipped for a frontal assault on a fully dug-in and alerted artillery battery—much less one with an excellent line of sight over a mile in length and supported on two sides by artillery batteries providing enfilading fire from elevated ground. The semi-suicidal nature of this charge was surely evident to the troopers of the Light Brigade, but if there were any objection to the orders, it was not recorded. The Light Brigade set off down the valley with Cardigan","psg_id":"12375404"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)","text":"Brigade\" and starred Trevor Howard and Vanessa Redgrave. In 1854, Major Geoffrey Vickers (Errol Flynn) and his brother, Captain Perry Vickers (Patric Knowles), are stationed in India, with the 27th Lancers of the British Army. It is during the period of East India Company dominance over the Indian subcontinent. Perry has secretly betrayed Geoffrey by stealing the love of his fiancee Elsa (Olivia de Havilland). During an official visit to local tributary rajah, Surat Khan (C. Henry Gordon), Geoffrey saves the rajah's life while hunting, for which the rajah promises eternal gratitude. Later, Maj. Vickers is stationed at the British","psg_id":"8085667"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"married Emily Sellwood, whom he had known since childhood, in the village of Shiplake. They had two sons, Hallam Tennyson (b. 11 August 1852)—named after his friend—and Lionel (b. 16 March 1854). Tennyson rented Farringford House on the Isle of Wight in 1853, eventually buying it in 1856. He eventually found that there were too many starstruck tourists who pestered him in Farringford, so he moved to Aldworth, in West Sussex in 1869. However, he retained Farringford, and regularly returned there to spend the winters. In 1850, after William Wordsworth's death and Samuel Rogers' refusal, Tennyson was appointed to the","psg_id":"696451"},{"title":"Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt","text":"Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt Admiral Edwin Clayton Tennyson d’Eyncourt (1813 – 14 January 1903) was a distinguished British naval officer. The second son of Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt, and a first cousin of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson, he entered naval college in 1826 and became a lieutenant in 1837. He served in the South American, East Indies and China Stations during the 1840s. In 1854, he served in the Baltic campaign under Sir Charles Napier as captain of the gunboat HMS \"Desperate\", and returned to that theatre in 1855 under Rear-Admiral Richard Saunders Dundas, as captain of the steam frigate HMS","psg_id":"6503773"},{"title":"Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt","text":"peerage offered to him in 1883. Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt Admiral Edwin Clayton Tennyson d’Eyncourt (1813 – 14 January 1903) was a distinguished British naval officer. The second son of Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt, and a first cousin of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson, he entered naval college in 1826 and became a lieutenant in 1837. He served in the South American, East Indies and China Stations during the 1840s. In 1854, he served in the Baltic campaign under Sir Charles Napier as captain of the gunboat HMS \"Desperate\", and returned to that theatre in 1855 under Rear-Admiral Richard Saunders Dundas, as","psg_id":"6503775"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. In 1848, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt made a list of \"Immortals\", artistic heroes whom they admired, especially from literature, notably including Keats and Tennyson, whose work would form subjects for PRB paintings. \"The Lady of Shalott\" alone was a subject for Rossetti, Hunt, John William Waterhouse (three versions), and Elizabeth Siddall. An heraldic achievement of Alfred, Lord Tennyson exists in an 1884 stained-glass window in the Hall of Trinity College, Cambridge, showing arms: \"Gules, a bend nebuly or thereon a chaplet vert between three leopard's faces jessant-de-lys of the second\"; Crest:","psg_id":"696465"},{"title":"Mark Tennyson, 5th Baron Tennyson","text":"Mark Tennyson, 5th Baron Tennyson Mark Aubrey Tennyson, 5th Baron Tennyson DSC (28 March 1920 – 3 July 2006) was a British peer. He was the second son of Lionel Tennyson, 3rd Baron Tennyson and the Hon. Clarissa Madeline Georgiana Felicite Tennant. The great-grandson of poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, he succeeded his brother as 5th Baron Tennyson in 1991. Tennyson served in the Royal Navy from 1937 to 1960, rising to the rank of commander, and saw action during World War II. He was Mentioned in Despatches in 1945 in recognition of his military service during the war. He was","psg_id":"7402721"},{"title":"The Trenchcoat Brigade","text":"The Trenchcoat Brigade The Trenchcoat Brigade is a four-issue comic book limited series that was published in 1999 as a part of DC Comics' Vertigo imprint, featuring several mystic DC Universe characters. The title references an offhand joke used by John Constantine in the earlier \"Books of Magic\" series to label a loose affiliation of mystics including himself, Phantom Stranger, Doctor Occult, and Mister E who share a preference for trenchcoats as their outdoor wear (Constantine was knowingly paraphrasing the title of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's famous \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\", about a reckless military event). They first appeared","psg_id":"6620892"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)","text":"film was the studio's most expensive and most popular film of 1936, earning $1,176,000 domestically and $1,560,000 foreign. Jack Sullivan won the Academy Award for Best Assistant Director for his work on the film, and the film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Sound (Nathan Levinson) and the Academy Award for Original Music Score. The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1936 American historical adventure film made by Warner Bros. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Samuel Bischoff, with Hal B. Wallis as executive producer, from","psg_id":"8085677"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"delivered the written orders with some verbal interpretation, then died in the first minute of the assault. The charge was made by the Light Brigade of the British cavalry, which consisted of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan. Also present that day was the Heavy Brigade, commanded by Major General James Yorke Scarlett, who was a past Commanding Officer of the 5th Dragoon Guards. The Heavy Brigade was made up of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, the 5th Dragoon","psg_id":"12375398"},{"title":"Oattathoodhuvan-1854","text":"Film Festival 2015; 8th Bangalore International Film Festival 2016; 14th Pune International Film Festival 2016, and 13th Chennai International Film Festival 2016. The movie received positive reviews from critics and viewers during the screening at the festivals. Oattathoodhuvan-1854 Oattathoodhuvan-1854 (Tamil: ஓட்டத்தூதுவன்-1854; English: \"The Mail Runner-1854\") is a 2015 Tamil historical period film, set in the year 1854. The movie is directed by debutant director Ra.Mu. Chidambaram who has earlier penned the story for Newtonin Moondram Vidhi starring S.J. Suryah. Oattathoodhuvan is produced under the banner Kalorful Beta Movement. Oattathoodhuvan-1854 is the first directorial venture of Ra.Mu Chidambaram who is a","psg_id":"19386154"},{"title":"English translations of Asterix","text":"who they think are responsible for the kidnapping. In the original, the Goth chief says \"Faut pas chercher à comprendre\", meaning \"We shouldn't try to understand\", a common French phrase with no particular pun attached. In the English version, the chief instead comments \"Ours is not to reason why\", a reference to The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, which states in its third stanza \"Theirs not to reason why/Theirs but to do and die\". In earlier translations, such as in \"Valiant\" and \"Ranger\"/\"Look and Learn\" (see below), other versions of names have appeared. An edited-down version","psg_id":"10697626"},{"title":"Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens","text":"Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens (28 October 1845 – 2 January 1912) was the sixth child and fourth son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He made lecture tours in Australia, Europe and the United States on his father's life and work. Nicknamed \"Sampson Brass\" and \"Skittles\" by his father, Alfred Dickens was born at 1 Devonshire Terrace in London, and was baptized at the church of St. Mary Marylebone in London on 21 April 1846. He was named after his godfathers, Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Count Alfred D'Orsay. Because of this choice of","psg_id":"12639483"},{"title":"The Boat Race 1854","text":"The Boat Race 1854 The 12th Boat Race took place on the River Thames on 8 April 1854. Typically held annually, the event is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The race was won by Oxford who triumphed over Cambridge by seven lengths. The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the \"Dark Blues\") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the \"Light Blues\"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the Championship Course on","psg_id":"18183968"},{"title":"The Last of the Light Brigade","text":"for not writing a sequel about the way in which England was treating its old soldiers. Some sources treat the poem as an account of a real event, but other commentators class the destitute old soldiers as allegorical, with the visit invented by Kipling to draw attention to the poverty in which the real survivors were living, in the same way that he evoked Tommy Atkins in \"The Absent Minded Beggar\". Unlike Tennyson's poem, and like first-person accounts of the Light Brigade, Kipling's poem was largely ignored. The Last of the Light Brigade \"The Last of the Light Brigade\" is","psg_id":"7419335"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)","text":"from his high vantage point. Cardigan, at his lower level, can only see the valley with the cannons, and assumes that he must charge into this. When he queries the order, Nolan loses his temper and gestures vaguely with his arm, shouting \"There, my Lord, is your enemy and there are your guns!\" (these, or something close to them, were his actual words). As the cavalry advances into cannon fire Nolan - who has gained permission from his friend Morris to ride with Cardigan's light brigade as they chase the Russians - realises his mistake, but is killed by shrapnel","psg_id":"7987831"},{"title":"USS Queen of the West (1854)","text":"the river for several hours before she grounded and exploded. USS Queen of the West (1854) US Ram \"Queen of the West\", a sidewheel steamer built at Cincinnati, Ohio in 1854, was purchased by the United States Department of War in 1862 and fitted out as a ram for Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr.'s Ram Fleet which operated on the Mississippi River in the U.S. Civil War in conjunction with the Western Flotilla. Commanded by Colonel Charles Rivers Ellet (the Fleet commander's son), \"Queen of the West\", ram , and five ironclad gunboats of the Western Flotilla engaged the Confederate States","psg_id":"4217497"},{"title":"Oattathoodhuvan-1854","text":"Oattathoodhuvan-1854 Oattathoodhuvan-1854 (Tamil: ஓட்டத்தூதுவன்-1854; English: \"The Mail Runner-1854\") is a 2015 Tamil historical period film, set in the year 1854. The movie is directed by debutant director Ra.Mu. Chidambaram who has earlier penned the story for Newtonin Moondram Vidhi starring S.J. Suryah. Oattathoodhuvan is produced under the banner Kalorful Beta Movement. Oattathoodhuvan-1854 is the first directorial venture of Ra.Mu Chidambaram who is a freelance Journalist and has contributed to popular Tamil Magazines. He has also written two Tamil novel under his pen name, Rasin and has nearly fifteen years of experience as Assistant Director in Tamil Cinema. He is an","psg_id":"19386152"},{"title":"USS Queen of the West (1854)","text":"USS Queen of the West (1854) US Ram \"Queen of the West\", a sidewheel steamer built at Cincinnati, Ohio in 1854, was purchased by the United States Department of War in 1862 and fitted out as a ram for Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr.'s Ram Fleet which operated on the Mississippi River in the U.S. Civil War in conjunction with the Western Flotilla. Commanded by Colonel Charles Rivers Ellet (the Fleet commander's son), \"Queen of the West\", ram , and five ironclad gunboats of the Western Flotilla engaged the Confederate States River Defense Fleet at Memphis, Tennessee on June 6, 1862.","psg_id":"4217491"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"two men who were in that charge would describe it in the same way. When I was back pretty nearly where we started from I found that I was the senior officer of those not wounded, and, consequently, in command, there being two others, both juniors to me, in the same position — Lieut. Wombwell and Cornet Cleveland. Lucan and his troops of the Heavy Brigade failed to provide any support for the Light Brigade—they entered the mouth of the valley but did not advance farther. Lucan's explanation was that he saw no point in having a second brigade mown","psg_id":"12375407"},{"title":"1854 Waimea by-election","text":"1854 Waimea by-election The Waimea by-election 1854 was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 21 June 1854, and was the second by-election in New Zealand political history (and the first contested by-election), coming two days after the Town of Nelson by-election. The Waimea MP William Cautley and the neighbouring electorate's MP William Travers both resigned on 26 May 1854, two days after the start of the first Parliamentary session of the 1st New Zealand Parliament. On nomination day (20 June) William Travers and Francis Jollie were nominated (Jollie was nominated in","psg_id":"17266097"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"a speech in the House of Lords on 19 March. Lucan evidently escaped blame for the charge, as he was made a member of the Order of the Bath in July of that same year. Although he never again saw active duty, he reached the rank of general in 1865 and was made a field marshal in the year before his death. The charge continues to be studied by modern military historians and students as an example of what can go wrong when accurate military intelligence is lacking and orders are unclear. Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was a keen","psg_id":"12375421"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"and a monument to him stands on top of Tennyson Down. Lake Tennyson in New Zealand's high country, named by Frederick Weld, is assumed to be named after Lord Tennyson. He was succeeded as 2nd Baron Tennyson by his son, Hallam, who produced an authorised biography of his father in 1897, and was later the second Governor-General of Australia. Although Prince Albert was largely responsible for Tennyson's appointment as Laureate, Queen Victoria became an ardent admirer of Tennyson's work, writing in her diary that she was \"much soothed & pleased\" by reading \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\" after Albert's death. The two","psg_id":"696459"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"charge tended to focus on the bravery and glory of the cavalrymen, much more than the military blunders involved, with the perverse effect that it \"did much to strengthen those very forms of tradition which put such an incapacitating stranglehold on military endeavor for the next eighty or so years,\" i.e., until after World War I. The fate of the surviving members of the charge was investigated by Edward James Boys, a military historian, who documented their lives from leaving the army to their deaths. His records are described as being the most definitive project of its kind ever undertaken.","psg_id":"12375423"},{"title":"1854 Town of Nelson by-election","text":"1854 Town of Nelson by-election The 1854 Town of Nelson by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 19 June 1854, and was the first by-election in New Zealand political history. The Town of Nelson MP William Travers and the neighbouring electorate's MP William Cautley resigned on 26 May 1854, two days after the start of the first Parliamentary session of the 1st New Zealand Parliament. On nomination day (17 June) Samuel Stephens and Francis Jollie were nominated (both candidates were nominated in absentia), and after a show of hands Stephens","psg_id":"17266068"},{"title":"The Princess (Tennyson poem)","text":"ending of his poem, he must be credited with broaching the topic and voicing some of the injustices women suffered.\" In \"The Princess\", \"Tennyson describes with such clarity the principal problems of feminism\". As in the case of many other Tennyson poems, \"The Princess\" is framed by a prologue and a conclusion outside of the main narrative. The description of a summer fête that opens the poem is based on a feast of the Mechanics' Institute at a country house, Park House, near Maidstone, in 1842. The narrative device is a tale of fancy composed in turn by some university","psg_id":"12685780"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"were writing poetry in their teens and a collection of poems by all three was published locally when Alfred was only 17. One of those brothers, Charles Tennyson Turner, later married Louisa Sellwood, the younger sister of Alfred's future wife; the other was Frederick Tennyson. Another of Tennyson's brothers, Edward Tennyson, was institutionalised at a private asylum. Tennyson was a student of King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth from 1816 to 1820. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1827, where he joined a secret society called the Cambridge Apostles. A portrait of Tennyson by George Frederic Watts is in Trinity's","psg_id":"696444"},{"title":"Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854","text":"between the United States and Canada. It is a part of Solar Saros 135. Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854 An annular solar eclipse occurred on May 26, 1854. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of","psg_id":"14168222"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"a letter refuting point by point Raglan's \"London Gazette\" dispatch, but his criticism of his superior was not tolerated, and Lucan was recalled to England in March 1855. The Charge of the Light Brigade became a subject of considerable controversy and public dispute on his return. He strongly rejected Raglan's version of events, calling it \"an imputation reflecting seriously on my professional character.\" In an exchange of public correspondence printed in the pages of \"The Times\", Lucan blamed Raglan and his deceased aide-de-camp Captain Nolan, who had been the actual deliverer of the disputed order. Lucan subsequently defended himself with","psg_id":"12375420"},{"title":"Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854","text":"Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854 An annular solar eclipse occurred on May 26, 1854. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The annular path crossed close to the boundary","psg_id":"14168221"},{"title":"Concordat of 1854","text":"consists of twenty nine items, written in Latin and Spanish, which are summarized as follows: Concordat of 1854 The Concordat of 1854 was an international treaty between the president of the Republic of Guatemala - General Captain Rafael Carrera - and the Holy See, which was signed in 1852 and ratified by both parties in 1854. Through this, Guatemala gave the education of Guatemalan people to regular orders Catholic Church, committed to respect ecclesiastical property and monasteries, imposed mandatory tithing and allowed the bishops to censor what was published in the country; in return, Guatemala received dispensations for the members","psg_id":"18512261"},{"title":"Concordat of 1854","text":"Concordat of 1854 The Concordat of 1854 was an international treaty between the president of the Republic of Guatemala - General Captain Rafael Carrera - and the Holy See, which was signed in 1852 and ratified by both parties in 1854. Through this, Guatemala gave the education of Guatemalan people to regular orders Catholic Church, committed to respect ecclesiastical property and monasteries, imposed mandatory tithing and allowed the bishops to censor what was published in the country; in return, Guatemala received dispensations for the members of the army, allowed those who had acquired the properties that the Liberals had expropriated","psg_id":"18512259"},{"title":"Frederick Tennyson","text":"Frederick Tennyson Frederick Tennyson (5 June 1807 in Louth, Lincolnshire – 26 February 1898 in Kensington) was an English poet. Frederick Tennyson was the eldest son of George Clayton Tennyson, Rector of Somersby, Lincolnshire, and brother of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. He was educated at Eton College (where, as a skilled cricketer, he was Captain of the Oppidans) and, from 1827, St John's College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge he contributed four poems to \"Poems, by Two Brothers\", which Frederick, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and their brother Charles Tennyson Turner published in 1827. He also won the Browne medal for Greek verse composition","psg_id":"4261975"},{"title":"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)","text":"Lancer\" (1935) had been released to great popularity, ushering in a series of British Empire adventure tales. Michel Jacoby had developed a story based on the famous charge but, although Warners bought Jacoby's script, the final script was closer to \"Lives of a Bengal Lancer\". An original working title was \"The Charge of the 600\". Warners wanted an all-British cast. Errol Flynn (Australian, but often considered Irish) had made such a strong impression in \"Captain Blood\" he was removed from supporting Fredric March in \"Anthony Adverse\" to play the lead in \"Charge of the Light Brigade\". Ian Hunter was connected","psg_id":"8085671"},{"title":"1854 Waimea by-election","text":"electors present. The Returning Officer then read the writ. F. Otterson proposed Francis Jollie, as expected, seconded by Mr. Harkness. J. W. Saxton said he was happy to propose Mr. William L. T. Travers, a nomination seconded by S. Wells. A show of hands then happened after speeches, which was declared in favour of Jollie, to which Travers demanded a poll. 1854 Waimea by-election The Waimea by-election 1854 was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 21 June 1854, and was the second by-election in New Zealand political history (and the first","psg_id":"17266099"},{"title":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","text":"Tennyson. In 1833 Tennyson published his second book of poetry, which notably included the first version of \"The Lady of Shalott\". The volume met heavy criticism, which so discouraged Tennyson that he did not publish again for ten years, although he did continue to write. That same year, Hallam died suddenly and unexpectedly after suffering a cerebral haemorrhage while on a holiday in Vienna. Hallam's death had a profound effect on Tennyson and inspired several poems, including \"In the Valley of Cauteretz\" and \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\", a long poem detailing the \"Way of the Soul\". Tennyson and his family were","psg_id":"696447"},{"title":"India General Service Medal (1854)","text":"India General Service Medal (1854) The India General Service Medal (1854 IGSM) was a campaign medal approved on 1 March 1854, for issue to officers and men of the British and Indian armies. It was awarded for various minor military campaigns in India and nearby countries, between 1852 to 1895. In 1852 Lord Dalhousie had suggested a general service medal for smaller Indian campaigns, in order to limit the number of individual medals awarded. Indian Army units made up the majority of forces present for nearly all campaigns. While the expeditions covered by the medal included few formal battles, most","psg_id":"7795037"},{"title":"USS Magnolia (1854)","text":"USS Magnolia (1854) USS \"Magnolia\" (1854) was a steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was planned to be used by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries. \"Magnolia\", a wooden, seagoing, sidewheel steamer built by J. Simonson of Greenpoint, New York for Charles Morgan's Southern Steamship Company. Launched in 1854, the ship was impressed as a public vessel in New Orleans, Louisiana, 15 January 1862, by Maj. Gen. Mansfield Lovell, CSA, acting for the Confederacy's Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin. The","psg_id":"11090800"},{"title":"1854 Frome by-election","text":"before he succeeded to the peerage in 1856. This triggered another by-election, at which Nicoll was again an unsuccessful candidate, losing by only 1 vote. Nicoll went on to win the seat at the 1857 general election, serving as Frome's MP for two years. 1854 Frome by-election The Frome by-election of 1854 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 24 October 1854 for the House of Commons constituency of Frome, a parliamentary borough in Somerset. The vacancy had been caused by the death of the borough's 45-year-old Liberal MP Colonel Robert Edward Boyle, who had held the seat since","psg_id":"18053085"},{"title":"Frederick Tennyson","text":"Church of the New Jerusalem. Frederick Tennyson Frederick Tennyson (5 June 1807 in Louth, Lincolnshire – 26 February 1898 in Kensington) was an English poet. Frederick Tennyson was the eldest son of George Clayton Tennyson, Rector of Somersby, Lincolnshire, and brother of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. He was educated at Eton College (where, as a skilled cricketer, he was Captain of the Oppidans) and, from 1827, St John's College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge he contributed four poems to \"Poems, by Two Brothers\", which Frederick, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and their brother Charles Tennyson Turner published in 1827. He also won the Browne","psg_id":"4261977"},{"title":"USS Adelaide (1854)","text":"USS Adelaide (1854) USS \"Adelaide\" (1854) was a steamer chartered by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a transport in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways. Sidewheel steamer \"Adelaide\" was built in 1854 at Greenpoint, Long Island, New York, by the firm of Lupton and McDermott for Cornelius Vanderbilt who intended to send her round Cape Horn for service in the rivers and shallow coastal waters of California during the Gold Rush. However, changing business conditions caused this plan to be cancelled; and the","psg_id":"11170201"},{"title":"Battle of Brunanburh (poem)","text":"two alternative translations of the poem and essays on the battle and the poem. The twelfth-century Anglo-Norman chronicler Geoffrey Gaimar likely used the account in the \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" for his treatment of Æthelstan in his \"L'Estoire des Engles\". English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson translated (or \"modernized\") the poem in 1880, publishing it as part of his \"Ballads and Other Poems\" (and his son Hallam Tennyson published a prose translation of the poem). In contrast to many other translations of poetry, Tennyson's is still praised as \"a faithful, sensitive, even eloquent recreation of its source.\" The Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges","psg_id":"15579745"},{"title":"Charge of the Light Brigade","text":"the light cavalry to prevent the Russians from successfully withdrawing the naval guns from the redoubts they had captured on the reverse side of the Causeway Heights, the hill forming the south side of the valley. This was an optimum task for the Light Brigade, as their superior speed would ensure the Russians would be forced to either quickly abandon the cumbersome guns or be cut down \"en masse\" while they attempted to flee with them. Raglan could see what was happening from his high vantage point on the west side of the valley. However, the lie of the land","psg_id":"12375401"},{"title":"1854 Tōkai earthquake","text":"by the effects of resonance in the V-shaped Iruma bay. 1854 Tōkai earthquake The 1854 Tōkai earthquake was the first of the Ansei great earthquakes (1854–1855). It occurred at about 09:00 local time on 23 December 1854. It had a magnitude of 8.4 and caused a damaging tsunami. More than 10,000 buildings were destroyed and there were at least 2,000 casualties. It was the first of the three Ansei great earthquakes; the 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake of similar size hit southern Honshu the following day. The southern coast of Honshu runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of","psg_id":"14054039"},{"title":"1854 Town of Nelson by-election","text":"William T. L. Travers. Both the candidates could not come to the meeting, since Stephens was in the Auckland Region, and Jollie had moved to Peel Forest in Canterbury in late 1853, and therefore there were no speeches from the candidates. Following a show of hands, Stephens was subsequently elected with Jollie not demanding a poll. 1854 Town of Nelson by-election The 1854 Town of Nelson by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 19 June 1854, and was the first by-election in New Zealand political history. The Town of Nelson","psg_id":"17266070"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"Mr. Hayes Fisher, M.P., who presided, said that the last pensioned survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade died on the previous day. His name was Thomas Warr. The last survivor was Edwin Hughes of the 13th Light Dragoons, who died on the 18th May 1927, aged 96. Poet Laureate Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote evocatively about the battle in his poem \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\". Tennyson's poem, written 2 December and published on 9 December 1854, in \\\"The Examiner\\\", praises the Brigade (\\\"When can their glory fade? O the wild charge they made!\\\") while trenchantly mourning the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"a traditional structure Tennyson employed in his earlier career but suppressed during the 1840s, worrying that poems like \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" (which he initially signed only A.T.) \\\"might prove not to be decorous for a poet laureate\\\". The poem was written after the Light Cavalry Brigade suffered great casualties in the Battle of Balaclava. Tennyson wrote the poem based on two articles published in \\\"The Times\\\": the first, published in November, 1854, provided the phrase \\\"Some one has blunder'd\\\" and thus the meter of the poem. The poem was written in a few minutes on December 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7071877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1936 American historical adventure film made by Warner Bros. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Samuel Bischoff, with Hal B. Wallis as executive producer, from a screenplay by Michael Jacoby and Rowland Leigh, from a story by Michael Jacoby based on the poem \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The music score was by Max Steiner; his first for Warners and the cinematography by Sol Polito. Scenes were shot at the following California locations: Lone Pine, Sherwood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8085665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"of defensive fire. The Light Brigade reached the battery under withering direct fire and scattered some of the gunners, but they were forced to retreat immediately, and the assault ended with very high British casualties and no decisive gains. The events were the subject of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's narrative poem \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" (1854), published just six weeks after the event. Its lines emphasise the valour of the cavalry in bravely carrying out their orders, regardless of the nearly inevitable outcome. Blame has remained controversial for the miscommunication, as the order was vague and Louis Edward Nolan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"was killed in the ensuing battle. In response to the order, Lucan instructed Cardigan to lead his command of about 670 troopers of the Light Brigade straight into the valley between the Fedyukhin Heights and the Causeway Heights. In his poem, \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" (1854), Tennyson dubbed this hollow \\\"The Valley of Death\\\". The opposing Russian forces were commanded by Pavel Liprandi and included approximately 20 battalions of infantry supported by over 50 artillery pieces. These forces were deployed on both sides and at the opposite end of the valley. Lucan himself was to follow with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"position of Poet Laureate; Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Leigh Hunt had also been considered. He held the position until his own death in 1892, the longest tenure of any laureate. Tennyson fulfilled the requirements of this position by turning out appropriate but often uninspired verse, such as a poem of greeting to Princess Alexandra of Denmark when she arrived in Britain to marry the future King Edward VII. In 1855, Tennyson produced one of his best-known works, \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\", a dramatic tribute to the British cavalrymen involved in an ill-advised charge on 25 October 1854, during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696452\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55)\",\n \"text\": \"of Crimean soldier Leo Tolstoy's \\\"Sebastopol Sketches\\\" and the subject of the first Russian feature film, \\\"Defence of Sevastopol\\\". The Battle of Balaklava was made famous by Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" and Robert Gibb's painting \\\"The Thin Red Line\\\". A panorama of the siege itself was painted by Franz Roubaud. The Jamaican and English nurses who treated the wounded during these battles were much celebrated, most famously Mary Seacole and Florence Nightingale. The allies (French, Ottoman, and British) landed at Eupatoria on 14 September 1854. The Battle of the Alma (20 September 1854), which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4755302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"appalling futility of the charge (\\\"Not tho' the soldier knew, someone had blunder'd... Charging an army, while all the world wonder'd\\\"). Tennyson wrote the poem inside only a few minutes after reading an account of the battle in \\\"The Times\\\", according to his grandson Sir Charles Tennyson. It immediately became hugely popular, and even reached the troops in the Crimea, where it was distributed in pamphlet form. Nearly 36 years later Kipling wrote \\\"The Last of the Light Brigade\\\" (1890), commemorating a visit by the last 20 survivors to Tennyson (then aged 80) to reproach him gently for not writing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military in the media\",\n \"text\": \"glorify or sanctify war. The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, with its galloping hoofbeat rhythm, is a prime late Victorian example of this, though Rudyard Kipling had written a scathing reply, \\\"The Last of the Light Brigade\\\", criticising the poverty in which many Light Brigade veterans found themselves in old age. Instead, the new wave of poetry, from the war poets, was written from the point of view of the disenchanted trench soldier. Leading war poets included: Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen, John McCrae, Rupert Brooke, Isaac Rosenberg, and David Jones. A similar movement occurred in literature,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13190875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"followed suit and banned tripwires from films. Unlike Flynn's other blockbuster films, because of the number of horses killed, it was never re-released by Warner Brothers, and so wouldn't be seen again until 1956, when Warner Brothers sold the rights to it and other pre-1950 films to Associated Artists Productions and it subsequently premiered on television. \\\"QUIS SUPERABIT<br> WHO SHALL EXCEL THEM<br> Dedication<br> To the officers and men<br> Of the Light Brigade who<br> Died victorious in a gallant<br> Charge at Balaklava for<br> Queen and Country<br> A.D. 1856\\\" \\\"The world is indebted to Alfred,<br> Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate to<br> Her Majesty,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8085675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"that the British soldiers must have been drunk. Somerset Calthorpe, aide-de-camp to Lord Raglan, wrote a letter to a friend three days after the charge. He detailed casualty numbers but did not distinguish between those killed and those taken prisoner: Slow communications meant that news of the disaster did not reach the British public until three weeks after the action. The British commanders' dispatches from the front were published in an extraordinary edition of the \\\"London Gazette\\\" of 12 November 1854. Raglan blamed Lucan for the charge, claiming that \\\"from some misconception of the order to advance, the Lieutenant-General (Lucan)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"at a restaurant across the road from where the actors were staying. There was some shooting done in Mexico where there were fewer restrictions on hurting animals. The film comes to a climax at the Battle of Balaclava, subject of Lord Tennyson's poem \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\". The lancers charge into the valley and brave the Russian cannons, and many are killed. Text from Tennyson's poem is superimposed on the screen, coupled with Max Steiner's musical score. Director Michael Curtiz, who did not have an excellent command of English, shouted \\\"Bring on the empty horses\\\", meaning \\\"riderless horses\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8085673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"of the same year, based on a recollection of that account; Tennyson wrote other similar poems, like \\\"Riflemen, form in town and in Shrine\\\" in a similar manner. Tennyson made revisions to the poem due to criticisms by the American poet Frederick Goddard Tuckerman and others; these were published in Tennyson's volume \\\"Maud and Other Poems\\\". These changes were criticized by several, including both Tennyson and Tuckerman. Tennyson sent a version of the poem, after correcting the revisions in \\\"Maud\\\", at the soldiers' request. There, it was distributed in pamphlet form at the behest of Jane, Lady Franklin. The same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7071878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Eagle (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"mountain. They say that the fragment is vital to understanding the poem in the way that the mountain depicted is in fact the whole poem and the eagle, being a part of the mountains identity, is a loss when the eagle falls. The uncertainty of the poem being complete or incomplete reinforces the open ended question of what happens to the eagle at the end of the poem. The Eagle (poem) \\\"The Eagle (Fragment)\\\" is a short poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, which was first published in 1851. Alfred, Lord Tennyson lived during the Victorian Era during the 1800s. This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9972370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Princess (Tennyson poem)\",\n \"text\": \"The Princess (Tennyson poem) The Princess is a serio-comic blank verse narrative poem, written by Alfred Tennyson, published in 1847. Tennyson was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1850 to 1892 and remains one of the most popular English poets. The poem tells the story of a heroic princess who forswears the world of men and founds a women's university where men are forbidden to enter. The prince to whom she was betrothed in infancy enters the university with two friends, disguised as women students. They are discovered and flee, but eventually they fight a battle for the princess's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12685776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)\",\n \"text\": \"before he can warn Cardigan. This is 'The Charge of the Light Brigade'. The Light Brigade, torn apart by the cannons, clashes briefly with the Russians and then retreats. With most of his force dead or wounded, Lord Cardigan who led his men valiantly, is ironically unharmed, but he immediately begins bickering with the other officers about who must take the blame for the disaster. The British army at its very best and worst. The screenplay was written by Charles Wood from a first draft (uncredited) by John Osborne. It aimed to be brutally authentic, based in part on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7987832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Eagle (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"The Eagle (poem) \\\"The Eagle (Fragment)\\\" is a short poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, which was first published in 1851. Alfred, Lord Tennyson lived during the Victorian Era during the 1800s. This era is widely known for the Romanticism movement in the literary culture. Tennyson was often referred as one of the main representatives of poetry during the Victorian era due to his growing popularity both during and after his time. Romanticism was a reaction to The Enlightenment or the notion that human actions were guided by other forces. The movement as a whole emphasized feeling over thought, and was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9972365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1912 film)\",\n \"text\": \"of the British and Russians. It was released in American cinemas on October 12, 1912 to commemorate the fifty-eighth anniversary of the battle. It was critically well-received with widespread praise for the pioneering new techniques. It was released as an extra on the Region 2 DVD release of the 1968 film \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\". The Charge of the Light Brigade (1912 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1912 American short war film directed by J. Searle Dawley and starring James Gordon, Richard Neill and Charles Sutton. It portrays the Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13699076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"military historian and a former cavalryman, insisted on taking time out during the Yalta Conference in 1945 to see the battlefield for himself. One research project used a mathematical model to examine how the charge might have turned out if conducted differently. The analysis suggested that a charge toward the redoubt on the Causeway Heights, as Raglan had apparently intended, would have led to even higher British casualties. By contrast, the charge might have succeeded if the Heavy Brigade had accompanied the Light Brigade along the valley, as Lucan had initially directed. According to Norman Dixon, 19th-century accounts of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375422\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"orally instead of handing over the written orders. He said, \\\"There, my lord, is your enemy! There are your guns!\\\", and he added the word \\\"attack\\\", whereas Raglan had intended merely a show of force. Nolan's version of the order and accompanying gesture were misunderstood, causing the disaster described above. Nolan rode with the charge and died in it. Maxse's letter said that Nolan was annoyed at how little the Light Brigade had done previously, and that he was angry against Lucan. Nigel Kingscote was another of Raglan's staff officers, and he agreed that the fault was Nolan's and said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, \\\"Timbuktu\\\". He published his first solo collection of poems, \\\"Poems Chiefly Lyrical\\\" in 1830. \\\"Claribel\\\" and \\\"Mariana\\\", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696439\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"by Prince Michael of Kent. A survivor, John Penn, who died in Dunbar in 1886, left a personal account of his military career, including the Charge, written for a friend. This survives and is held by East Lothian Council Archives. A number of individuals who died during 1916–17 were thought to be the 'last' survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade. For example, Sergeant James A. Mustard of the 17th Lancers, aged 85, had his funeral with military honours at Twickenham in early February 1916. In the \\\"Abergavenny Chronicle\\\" news report published on 11 February it was stated: He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military\",\n \"text\": \"a new kind of military depiction, through poetry. Hitherto, poetry had been used mostly to glorify or sanctify war. \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, with its galloping hoofbeat rhythm, is a prime late Victorian example of this, though Rudyard Kipling had written a scathing reply, \\\"The Last of the Light Brigade\\\", criticising the poverty in which many Light Brigade veterans found themselves in old age. Instead, the new wave of poetry, from the war poets, was written from the point of view of the disenchanted trench soldier. Leading war poets included Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"919279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"down, and he was best positioned to render assistance to Light Brigade survivors returning from the charge. The French light cavalry, the Chasseurs d'Afrique, was more effective by clearing the Fedyukhin Heights of the two half-batteries of guns, two infantry battalions, and Cossacks to ensure that the Light Brigade would not be hit by fire from that flank, and it provided cover for the remaining elements of the Light Brigade as they withdrew. War correspondent William Howard Russell witnessed the battle and declared: \\\"Our Light Brigade was annihilated by their own rashness, and by the brutality of a ferocious enemy.\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375408\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"signifies \\\"Denys's son\\\", although no connection between the two families is recorded. Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, \\\"Timbuktu\\\". He published his first solo collection of poems, \\\"Poems Chiefly Lyrical\\\" in 1830. \\\"Claribel\\\" and \\\"Mariana\\\", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696467\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crimean War\",\n \"text\": \"battery he could see and allegedly said \\\"There is your enemy, there are your guns\\\"—due to his obstructed view, these were the wrong ones. Lucan then passed the order to the Earl of Cardigan, resulting in the charge of the Light Brigade. In this charge, Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialised in the famous poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"572694\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"European agent, made sound recordings of Tennyson reading his own poetry, late in his life. They include recordings of \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\", and excerpts from \\\"The splendour falls\\\" (from The Princess), \\\"Come into the garden\\\" (from Maud), \\\"Ask me no more\\\", \\\"Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington\\\" and \\\"Lancelot and Elaine\\\". The sound quality is poor, as wax cylinder recordings usually are. Towards the end of his life Tennyson revealed that his \\\"religious beliefs also defied convention, leaning towards agnosticism and pandeism\\\": In a characteristically Victorian manner, Tennyson combines a deep interest in contemporary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"in front, leading the charge on his horse Ronald. Almost at once, Nolan rushed across the front, passing in front of Cardigan. It may be that he realised that the charge was aimed at the wrong target and was attempting to stop or turn the brigade, but he was killed by an artillery shell and the cavalry continued on its course. Captain Godfrey Morgan was close by and saw what happened: The Light Brigade faced withering fire from three sides which devastated their force on the ride, yet they were able to engage the Russian forces at the end of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)\",\n \"text\": \"case of the 17th Lancers, double white stripes. In one scene a single trooper of the 17th is correctly attired. The film's depiction of the Battle of Balaclava shows the initial Russian attack on the redoubts and of course the Charge of the Light Brigade, but elides both the stand of the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders (the \\\"Thin Red Line\\\") and the Charge of the Heavy Brigade. According to director Tony Richardson, the Heavy Brigade scene was filmed but later cut at the studio's behest. Likewise Fanny Duberly is shown to be seduced by Lord Cardigan; although she was in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7987839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Tennyson also excelled at penning short lyrics, such as \\\"Break, Break, Break\\\", \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\", \\\"Tears, Idle Tears\\\", and \\\"Crossing the Bar\\\". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as \\\"Ulysses\\\", although \\\"In Memoriam A.H.H.\\\" was written to commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and student at Trinity College, Cambridge, after he died\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"from the greatest apparent certainty of death which could possibly be conceived. A newspaper report on 11 December 2016 revealed another version of what happened when a letter was found in the British Library, written by Lieutenant Frederick Maxse who was on Lord Raglan's staff at Balaklava. It said that Lord Raglan had sent an order for the Light Brigade to \\\"follow the enemy and try to prevent the enemy from carrying away the guns\\\", referring to some British artillery which were at risk. Raglan sent the order with 36 year-old Captain Louis Nolan, who passed it on to Lucan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"Heavy Brigade. Although the Heavy Brigade was better armoured and intended for frontal assaults on infantry positions, neither force was remotely equipped for a frontal assault on a fully dug-in and alerted artillery battery—much less one with an excellent line of sight over a mile in length and supported on two sides by artillery batteries providing enfilading fire from elevated ground. The semi-suicidal nature of this charge was surely evident to the troopers of the Light Brigade, but if there were any objection to the orders, it was not recorded. The Light Brigade set off down the valley with Cardigan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375404\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Brigade\\\" and starred Trevor Howard and Vanessa Redgrave. In 1854, Major Geoffrey Vickers (Errol Flynn) and his brother, Captain Perry Vickers (Patric Knowles), are stationed in India, with the 27th Lancers of the British Army. It is during the period of East India Company dominance over the Indian subcontinent. Perry has secretly betrayed Geoffrey by stealing the love of his fiancee Elsa (Olivia de Havilland). During an official visit to local tributary rajah, Surat Khan (C. Henry Gordon), Geoffrey saves the rajah's life while hunting, for which the rajah promises eternal gratitude. Later, Maj. Vickers is stationed at the British\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8085667\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"married Emily Sellwood, whom he had known since childhood, in the village of Shiplake. They had two sons, Hallam Tennyson (b. 11 August 1852)—named after his friend—and Lionel (b. 16 March 1854). Tennyson rented Farringford House on the Isle of Wight in 1853, eventually buying it in 1856. He eventually found that there were too many starstruck tourists who pestered him in Farringford, so he moved to Aldworth, in West Sussex in 1869. However, he retained Farringford, and regularly returned there to spend the winters. In 1850, after William Wordsworth's death and Samuel Rogers' refusal, Tennyson was appointed to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt\",\n \"text\": \"Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt Admiral Edwin Clayton Tennyson d’Eyncourt (1813 – 14 January 1903) was a distinguished British naval officer. The second son of Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt, and a first cousin of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson, he entered naval college in 1826 and became a lieutenant in 1837. He served in the South American, East Indies and China Stations during the 1840s. In 1854, he served in the Baltic campaign under Sir Charles Napier as captain of the gunboat HMS \\\"Desperate\\\", and returned to that theatre in 1855 under Rear-Admiral Richard Saunders Dundas, as captain of the steam frigate HMS\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6503773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt\",\n \"text\": \"peerage offered to him in 1883. Edwin Tennyson d'Eyncourt Admiral Edwin Clayton Tennyson d’Eyncourt (1813 – 14 January 1903) was a distinguished British naval officer. The second son of Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt, and a first cousin of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson, he entered naval college in 1826 and became a lieutenant in 1837. He served in the South American, East Indies and China Stations during the 1840s. In 1854, he served in the Baltic campaign under Sir Charles Napier as captain of the gunboat HMS \\\"Desperate\\\", and returned to that theatre in 1855 under Rear-Admiral Richard Saunders Dundas, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6503775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. In 1848, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt made a list of \\\"Immortals\\\", artistic heroes whom they admired, especially from literature, notably including Keats and Tennyson, whose work would form subjects for PRB paintings. \\\"The Lady of Shalott\\\" alone was a subject for Rossetti, Hunt, John William Waterhouse (three versions), and Elizabeth Siddall. An heraldic achievement of Alfred, Lord Tennyson exists in an 1884 stained-glass window in the Hall of Trinity College, Cambridge, showing arms: \\\"Gules, a bend nebuly or thereon a chaplet vert between three leopard's faces jessant-de-lys of the second\\\"; Crest:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Tennyson, 5th Baron Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Tennyson, 5th Baron Tennyson Mark Aubrey Tennyson, 5th Baron Tennyson DSC (28 March 1920 – 3 July 2006) was a British peer. He was the second son of Lionel Tennyson, 3rd Baron Tennyson and the Hon. Clarissa Madeline Georgiana Felicite Tennant. The great-grandson of poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, he succeeded his brother as 5th Baron Tennyson in 1991. Tennyson served in the Royal Navy from 1937 to 1960, rising to the rank of commander, and saw action during World War II. He was Mentioned in Despatches in 1945 in recognition of his military service during the war. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7402721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Trenchcoat Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"The Trenchcoat Brigade The Trenchcoat Brigade is a four-issue comic book limited series that was published in 1999 as a part of DC Comics' Vertigo imprint, featuring several mystic DC Universe characters. The title references an offhand joke used by John Constantine in the earlier \\\"Books of Magic\\\" series to label a loose affiliation of mystics including himself, Phantom Stranger, Doctor Occult, and Mister E who share a preference for trenchcoats as their outdoor wear (Constantine was knowingly paraphrasing the title of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's famous \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\", about a reckless military event). They first appeared\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6620892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"film was the studio's most expensive and most popular film of 1936, earning $1,176,000 domestically and $1,560,000 foreign. Jack Sullivan won the Academy Award for Best Assistant Director for his work on the film, and the film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Sound (Nathan Levinson) and the Academy Award for Original Music Score. The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1936 American historical adventure film made by Warner Bros. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Samuel Bischoff, with Hal B. Wallis as executive producer, from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8085677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"delivered the written orders with some verbal interpretation, then died in the first minute of the assault. The charge was made by the Light Brigade of the British cavalry, which consisted of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan. Also present that day was the Heavy Brigade, commanded by Major General James Yorke Scarlett, who was a past Commanding Officer of the 5th Dragoon Guards. The Heavy Brigade was made up of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, the 5th Dragoon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oattathoodhuvan-1854\",\n \"text\": \"Film Festival 2015; 8th Bangalore International Film Festival 2016; 14th Pune International Film Festival 2016, and 13th Chennai International Film Festival 2016. The movie received positive reviews from critics and viewers during the screening at the festivals. Oattathoodhuvan-1854 Oattathoodhuvan-1854 (Tamil: ஓட்டத்தூதுவன்-1854; English: \\\"The Mail Runner-1854\\\") is a 2015 Tamil historical period film, set in the year 1854. The movie is directed by debutant director Ra.Mu. Chidambaram who has earlier penned the story for Newtonin Moondram Vidhi starring S.J. Suryah. Oattathoodhuvan is produced under the banner Kalorful Beta Movement. Oattathoodhuvan-1854 is the first directorial venture of Ra.Mu Chidambaram who is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19386154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"English translations of Asterix\",\n \"text\": \"who they think are responsible for the kidnapping. In the original, the Goth chief says \\\"Faut pas chercher à comprendre\\\", meaning \\\"We shouldn't try to understand\\\", a common French phrase with no particular pun attached. In the English version, the chief instead comments \\\"Ours is not to reason why\\\", a reference to The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, which states in its third stanza \\\"Theirs not to reason why/Theirs but to do and die\\\". In earlier translations, such as in \\\"Valiant\\\" and \\\"Ranger\\\"/\\\"Look and Learn\\\" (see below), other versions of names have appeared. An edited-down version\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10697626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens\",\n \"text\": \"Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens (28 October 1845 – 2 January 1912) was the sixth child and fourth son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He made lecture tours in Australia, Europe and the United States on his father's life and work. Nicknamed \\\"Sampson Brass\\\" and \\\"Skittles\\\" by his father, Alfred Dickens was born at 1 Devonshire Terrace in London, and was baptized at the church of St. Mary Marylebone in London on 21 April 1846. He was named after his godfathers, Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Count Alfred D'Orsay. Because of this choice of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12639483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Boat Race 1854\",\n \"text\": \"The Boat Race 1854 The 12th Boat Race took place on the River Thames on 8 April 1854. Typically held annually, the event is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The race was won by Oxford who triumphed over Cambridge by seven lengths. The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the \\\"Dark Blues\\\") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the \\\"Light Blues\\\"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the Championship Course on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18183968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Last of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"for not writing a sequel about the way in which England was treating its old soldiers. Some sources treat the poem as an account of a real event, but other commentators class the destitute old soldiers as allegorical, with the visit invented by Kipling to draw attention to the poverty in which the real survivors were living, in the same way that he evoked Tommy Atkins in \\\"The Absent Minded Beggar\\\". Unlike Tennyson's poem, and like first-person accounts of the Light Brigade, Kipling's poem was largely ignored. The Last of the Light Brigade \\\"The Last of the Light Brigade\\\" is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7419335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)\",\n \"text\": \"from his high vantage point. Cardigan, at his lower level, can only see the valley with the cannons, and assumes that he must charge into this. When he queries the order, Nolan loses his temper and gestures vaguely with his arm, shouting \\\"There, my Lord, is your enemy and there are your guns!\\\" (these, or something close to them, were his actual words). As the cavalry advances into cannon fire Nolan - who has gained permission from his friend Morris to ride with Cardigan's light brigade as they chase the Russians - realises his mistake, but is killed by shrapnel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7987831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Queen of the West (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"the river for several hours before she grounded and exploded. USS Queen of the West (1854) US Ram \\\"Queen of the West\\\", a sidewheel steamer built at Cincinnati, Ohio in 1854, was purchased by the United States Department of War in 1862 and fitted out as a ram for Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr.'s Ram Fleet which operated on the Mississippi River in the U.S. Civil War in conjunction with the Western Flotilla. Commanded by Colonel Charles Rivers Ellet (the Fleet commander's son), \\\"Queen of the West\\\", ram , and five ironclad gunboats of the Western Flotilla engaged the Confederate States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4217497\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oattathoodhuvan-1854\",\n \"text\": \"Oattathoodhuvan-1854 Oattathoodhuvan-1854 (Tamil: ஓட்டத்தூதுவன்-1854; English: \\\"The Mail Runner-1854\\\") is a 2015 Tamil historical period film, set in the year 1854. The movie is directed by debutant director Ra.Mu. Chidambaram who has earlier penned the story for Newtonin Moondram Vidhi starring S.J. Suryah. Oattathoodhuvan is produced under the banner Kalorful Beta Movement. Oattathoodhuvan-1854 is the first directorial venture of Ra.Mu Chidambaram who is a freelance Journalist and has contributed to popular Tamil Magazines. He has also written two Tamil novel under his pen name, Rasin and has nearly fifteen years of experience as Assistant Director in Tamil Cinema. He is an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19386152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Queen of the West (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"USS Queen of the West (1854) US Ram \\\"Queen of the West\\\", a sidewheel steamer built at Cincinnati, Ohio in 1854, was purchased by the United States Department of War in 1862 and fitted out as a ram for Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr.'s Ram Fleet which operated on the Mississippi River in the U.S. Civil War in conjunction with the Western Flotilla. Commanded by Colonel Charles Rivers Ellet (the Fleet commander's son), \\\"Queen of the West\\\", ram , and five ironclad gunboats of the Western Flotilla engaged the Confederate States River Defense Fleet at Memphis, Tennessee on June 6, 1862.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4217491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"two men who were in that charge would describe it in the same way. When I was back pretty nearly where we started from I found that I was the senior officer of those not wounded, and, consequently, in command, there being two others, both juniors to me, in the same position — Lieut. Wombwell and Cornet Cleveland. Lucan and his troops of the Heavy Brigade failed to provide any support for the Light Brigade—they entered the mouth of the valley but did not advance farther. Lucan's explanation was that he saw no point in having a second brigade mown\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375407\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1854 Waimea by-election\",\n \"text\": \"1854 Waimea by-election The Waimea by-election 1854 was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 21 June 1854, and was the second by-election in New Zealand political history (and the first contested by-election), coming two days after the Town of Nelson by-election. The Waimea MP William Cautley and the neighbouring electorate's MP William Travers both resigned on 26 May 1854, two days after the start of the first Parliamentary session of the 1st New Zealand Parliament. On nomination day (20 June) William Travers and Francis Jollie were nominated (Jollie was nominated in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17266097\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"a speech in the House of Lords on 19 March. Lucan evidently escaped blame for the charge, as he was made a member of the Order of the Bath in July of that same year. Although he never again saw active duty, he reached the rank of general in 1865 and was made a field marshal in the year before his death. The charge continues to be studied by modern military historians and students as an example of what can go wrong when accurate military intelligence is lacking and orders are unclear. Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was a keen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375421\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"and a monument to him stands on top of Tennyson Down. Lake Tennyson in New Zealand's high country, named by Frederick Weld, is assumed to be named after Lord Tennyson. He was succeeded as 2nd Baron Tennyson by his son, Hallam, who produced an authorised biography of his father in 1897, and was later the second Governor-General of Australia. Although Prince Albert was largely responsible for Tennyson's appointment as Laureate, Queen Victoria became an ardent admirer of Tennyson's work, writing in her diary that she was \\\"much soothed & pleased\\\" by reading \\\"In Memoriam A.H.H.\\\" after Albert's death. The two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696459\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"charge tended to focus on the bravery and glory of the cavalrymen, much more than the military blunders involved, with the perverse effect that it \\\"did much to strengthen those very forms of tradition which put such an incapacitating stranglehold on military endeavor for the next eighty or so years,\\\" i.e., until after World War I. The fate of the surviving members of the charge was investigated by Edward James Boys, a military historian, who documented their lives from leaving the army to their deaths. His records are described as being the most definitive project of its kind ever undertaken.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375423\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1854 Town of Nelson by-election\",\n \"text\": \"1854 Town of Nelson by-election The 1854 Town of Nelson by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 19 June 1854, and was the first by-election in New Zealand political history. The Town of Nelson MP William Travers and the neighbouring electorate's MP William Cautley resigned on 26 May 1854, two days after the start of the first Parliamentary session of the 1st New Zealand Parliament. On nomination day (17 June) Samuel Stephens and Francis Jollie were nominated (both candidates were nominated in absentia), and after a show of hands Stephens\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17266068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Princess (Tennyson poem)\",\n \"text\": \"ending of his poem, he must be credited with broaching the topic and voicing some of the injustices women suffered.\\\" In \\\"The Princess\\\", \\\"Tennyson describes with such clarity the principal problems of feminism\\\". As in the case of many other Tennyson poems, \\\"The Princess\\\" is framed by a prologue and a conclusion outside of the main narrative. The description of a summer fête that opens the poem is based on a feast of the Mechanics' Institute at a country house, Park House, near Maidstone, in 1842. The narrative device is a tale of fancy composed in turn by some university\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12685780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"were writing poetry in their teens and a collection of poems by all three was published locally when Alfred was only 17. One of those brothers, Charles Tennyson Turner, later married Louisa Sellwood, the younger sister of Alfred's future wife; the other was Frederick Tennyson. Another of Tennyson's brothers, Edward Tennyson, was institutionalised at a private asylum. Tennyson was a student of King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth from 1816 to 1820. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1827, where he joined a secret society called the Cambridge Apostles. A portrait of Tennyson by George Frederic Watts is in Trinity's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854\",\n \"text\": \"between the United States and Canada. It is a part of Solar Saros 135. Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854 An annular solar eclipse occurred on May 26, 1854. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14168222\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"a letter refuting point by point Raglan's \\\"London Gazette\\\" dispatch, but his criticism of his superior was not tolerated, and Lucan was recalled to England in March 1855. The Charge of the Light Brigade became a subject of considerable controversy and public dispute on his return. He strongly rejected Raglan's version of events, calling it \\\"an imputation reflecting seriously on my professional character.\\\" In an exchange of public correspondence printed in the pages of \\\"The Times\\\", Lucan blamed Raglan and his deceased aide-de-camp Captain Nolan, who had been the actual deliverer of the disputed order. Lucan subsequently defended himself with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854\",\n \"text\": \"Solar eclipse of May 26, 1854 An annular solar eclipse occurred on May 26, 1854. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The annular path crossed close to the boundary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14168221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Concordat of 1854\",\n \"text\": \"consists of twenty nine items, written in Latin and Spanish, which are summarized as follows: Concordat of 1854 The Concordat of 1854 was an international treaty between the president of the Republic of Guatemala - General Captain Rafael Carrera - and the Holy See, which was signed in 1852 and ratified by both parties in 1854. Through this, Guatemala gave the education of Guatemalan people to regular orders Catholic Church, committed to respect ecclesiastical property and monasteries, imposed mandatory tithing and allowed the bishops to censor what was published in the country; in return, Guatemala received dispensations for the members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18512261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Concordat of 1854\",\n \"text\": \"Concordat of 1854 The Concordat of 1854 was an international treaty between the president of the Republic of Guatemala - General Captain Rafael Carrera - and the Holy See, which was signed in 1852 and ratified by both parties in 1854. Through this, Guatemala gave the education of Guatemalan people to regular orders Catholic Church, committed to respect ecclesiastical property and monasteries, imposed mandatory tithing and allowed the bishops to censor what was published in the country; in return, Guatemala received dispensations for the members of the army, allowed those who had acquired the properties that the Liberals had expropriated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18512259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frederick Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"Frederick Tennyson Frederick Tennyson (5 June 1807 in Louth, Lincolnshire – 26 February 1898 in Kensington) was an English poet. Frederick Tennyson was the eldest son of George Clayton Tennyson, Rector of Somersby, Lincolnshire, and brother of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. He was educated at Eton College (where, as a skilled cricketer, he was Captain of the Oppidans) and, from 1827, St John's College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge he contributed four poems to \\\"Poems, by Two Brothers\\\", which Frederick, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and their brother Charles Tennyson Turner published in 1827. He also won the Browne medal for Greek verse composition\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4261975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Lancer\\\" (1935) had been released to great popularity, ushering in a series of British Empire adventure tales. Michel Jacoby had developed a story based on the famous charge but, although Warners bought Jacoby's script, the final script was closer to \\\"Lives of a Bengal Lancer\\\". An original working title was \\\"The Charge of the 600\\\". Warners wanted an all-British cast. Errol Flynn (Australian, but often considered Irish) had made such a strong impression in \\\"Captain Blood\\\" he was removed from supporting Fredric March in \\\"Anthony Adverse\\\" to play the lead in \\\"Charge of the Light Brigade\\\". Ian Hunter was connected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8085671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1854 Waimea by-election\",\n \"text\": \"electors present. The Returning Officer then read the writ. F. Otterson proposed Francis Jollie, as expected, seconded by Mr. Harkness. J. W. Saxton said he was happy to propose Mr. William L. T. Travers, a nomination seconded by S. Wells. A show of hands then happened after speeches, which was declared in favour of Jollie, to which Travers demanded a poll. 1854 Waimea by-election The Waimea by-election 1854 was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 21 June 1854, and was the second by-election in New Zealand political history (and the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17266099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alfred, Lord Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"Tennyson. In 1833 Tennyson published his second book of poetry, which notably included the first version of \\\"The Lady of Shalott\\\". The volume met heavy criticism, which so discouraged Tennyson that he did not publish again for ten years, although he did continue to write. That same year, Hallam died suddenly and unexpectedly after suffering a cerebral haemorrhage while on a holiday in Vienna. Hallam's death had a profound effect on Tennyson and inspired several poems, including \\\"In the Valley of Cauteretz\\\" and \\\"In Memoriam A.H.H.\\\", a long poem detailing the \\\"Way of the Soul\\\". Tennyson and his family were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"696447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"India General Service Medal (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"India General Service Medal (1854) The India General Service Medal (1854 IGSM) was a campaign medal approved on 1 March 1854, for issue to officers and men of the British and Indian armies. It was awarded for various minor military campaigns in India and nearby countries, between 1852 to 1895. In 1852 Lord Dalhousie had suggested a general service medal for smaller Indian campaigns, in order to limit the number of individual medals awarded. Indian Army units made up the majority of forces present for nearly all campaigns. While the expeditions covered by the medal included few formal battles, most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7795037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Magnolia (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"USS Magnolia (1854) USS \\\"Magnolia\\\" (1854) was a steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was planned to be used by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries. \\\"Magnolia\\\", a wooden, seagoing, sidewheel steamer built by J. Simonson of Greenpoint, New York for Charles Morgan's Southern Steamship Company. Launched in 1854, the ship was impressed as a public vessel in New Orleans, Louisiana, 15 January 1862, by Maj. Gen. Mansfield Lovell, CSA, acting for the Confederacy's Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11090800\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1854 Frome by-election\",\n \"text\": \"before he succeeded to the peerage in 1856. This triggered another by-election, at which Nicoll was again an unsuccessful candidate, losing by only 1 vote. Nicoll went on to win the seat at the 1857 general election, serving as Frome's MP for two years. 1854 Frome by-election The Frome by-election of 1854 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 24 October 1854 for the House of Commons constituency of Frome, a parliamentary borough in Somerset. The vacancy had been caused by the death of the borough's 45-year-old Liberal MP Colonel Robert Edward Boyle, who had held the seat since\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18053085\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frederick Tennyson\",\n \"text\": \"Church of the New Jerusalem. Frederick Tennyson Frederick Tennyson (5 June 1807 in Louth, Lincolnshire – 26 February 1898 in Kensington) was an English poet. Frederick Tennyson was the eldest son of George Clayton Tennyson, Rector of Somersby, Lincolnshire, and brother of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. He was educated at Eton College (where, as a skilled cricketer, he was Captain of the Oppidans) and, from 1827, St John's College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge he contributed four poems to \\\"Poems, by Two Brothers\\\", which Frederick, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and their brother Charles Tennyson Turner published in 1827. He also won the Browne\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4261977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Adelaide (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"USS Adelaide (1854) USS \\\"Adelaide\\\" (1854) was a steamer chartered by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a transport in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways. Sidewheel steamer \\\"Adelaide\\\" was built in 1854 at Greenpoint, Long Island, New York, by the firm of Lupton and McDermott for Cornelius Vanderbilt who intended to send her round Cape Horn for service in the rivers and shallow coastal waters of California during the Gold Rush. However, changing business conditions caused this plan to be cancelled; and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11170201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Brunanburh (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"two alternative translations of the poem and essays on the battle and the poem. The twelfth-century Anglo-Norman chronicler Geoffrey Gaimar likely used the account in the \\\"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\\\" for his treatment of Æthelstan in his \\\"L'Estoire des Engles\\\". English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson translated (or \\\"modernized\\\") the poem in 1880, publishing it as part of his \\\"Ballads and Other Poems\\\" (and his son Hallam Tennyson published a prose translation of the poem). In contrast to many other translations of poetry, Tennyson's is still praised as \\\"a faithful, sensitive, even eloquent recreation of its source.\\\" The Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15579745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charge of the Light Brigade\",\n \"text\": \"the light cavalry to prevent the Russians from successfully withdrawing the naval guns from the redoubts they had captured on the reverse side of the Causeway Heights, the hill forming the south side of the valley. This was an optimum task for the Light Brigade, as their superior speed would ensure the Russians would be forced to either quickly abandon the cumbersome guns or be cut down \\\"en masse\\\" while they attempted to flee with them. Raglan could see what was happening from his high vantage point on the west side of the valley. However, the lie of the land\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12375401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1854 Tōkai earthquake\",\n \"text\": \"by the effects of resonance in the V-shaped Iruma bay. 1854 Tōkai earthquake The 1854 Tōkai earthquake was the first of the Ansei great earthquakes (1854–1855). It occurred at about 09:00 local time on 23 December 1854. It had a magnitude of 8.4 and caused a damaging tsunami. More than 10,000 buildings were destroyed and there were at least 2,000 casualties. It was the first of the three Ansei great earthquakes; the 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake of similar size hit southern Honshu the following day. The southern coast of Honshu runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14054039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1854 Town of Nelson by-election\",\n \"text\": \"William T. L. Travers. Both the candidates could not come to the meeting, since Stephens was in the Auckland Region, and Jollie had moved to Peel Forest in Canterbury in late 1853, and therefore there were no speeches from the candidates. Following a show of hands, Stephens was subsequently elected with Jollie not demanding a poll. 1854 Town of Nelson by-election The 1854 Town of Nelson by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 19 June 1854, and was the first by-election in New Zealand political history. The Town of Nelson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17266070\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["russo-turkish war, 1853-56","war of crimea","crimean expedition","crimea war","crimean war","crimean war","crimean struggle","paris peace conference, 1856","baltic campaign of 1854","crimean war (1853)","cremean war","eastern war","crim war","russian war","the crimean war","baltic theatre of the crimean war","russo-turkish war, 1853-1856","oriental war"],"string":"[\n \"russo-turkish war, 1853-56\",\n \"war of crimea\",\n \"crimean expedition\",\n \"crimea war\",\n \"crimean war\",\n \"crimean war\",\n \"crimean struggle\",\n \"paris peace conference, 1856\",\n \"baltic campaign of 1854\",\n \"crimean war (1853)\",\n \"cremean war\",\n \"eastern war\",\n \"crim war\",\n \"russian war\",\n \"the crimean war\",\n \"baltic theatre of the crimean war\",\n \"russo-turkish war, 1853-1856\",\n \"oriental war\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78289,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in a patent attempt to curry favor with president frankly pierce, what washington county was named for the democratic vice president at the time of a request for statehood?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Pierce County, Washington","text":"Pierce County, Washington Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 795,225, making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County. The county seat and largest city is Tacoma. Formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory, it was named for U.S. President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is in the Seattle metropolitan area (formally the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA metropolitan statistical area). Pierce County is notable for being home to Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain and a volcano in the Cascade Range.","psg_id":"905318"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Pierce County, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"Pierce County, Washington Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 795,225, making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County. The county seat and largest city is Tacoma. Formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory, it was named for U.S. President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is in the Seattle metropolitan area (formally the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA metropolitan statistical area). Pierce County is notable for being home to Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain and a volcano in the Cascade Range.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"905318\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"the election of 1796, Federalist John Adams won the presidency, but his bitter rival, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson came second and became vice president. Thus, the president and vice president were from opposing parties; and Jefferson used the vice presidency to frustrate the president's policies. Then, four years later, in the election of 1800, Jefferson, and fellow Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr each received 73 electoral votes. In the contingent election that followed, Jefferson finally won on the 36th ballot, and Burr became vice president. Afterward, the system was overhauled through the Twelfth Amendment in time to be used in the 1804 election.","psg_id":"449666"},{"title":"The Vice President","text":"The Vice President The Vice President is a mountain on \"The President/Vice President Massif\" just North of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named \"Mount McNicoll\" in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass. There appears to be only one route up the Vice President—up the President glacier to the col,","psg_id":"8496165"},{"title":"Gilbert A. Pierce","text":"to Portugal by President Benjamin Harrison; but failing health forced Pierce to resign after only a few months. Pierce's last years were spent in British Columbia, Washington, and California before the time of his death in Chicago, Illinois, aged 62. Gilbert A. Pierce Gilbert Ashville Pierce (January 11, 1838February 15, 1901) was an American author, journalist, playwright, and a member of the Indiana House of Representatives, the eighth Governor of Dakota Territory, and representative for North Dakota in the United States Senate. Pierce County, North Dakota was named in his honor. Gilbert Pierce was born at East Otto, Cattaraugus County,","psg_id":"6736016"},{"title":"The Vice President","text":"then up a snow slope to the ridge, then to the peak. The Vice President The Vice President is a mountain on \"The President/Vice President Massif\" just North of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named \"Mount McNicoll\" in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass. There appears to be only","psg_id":"8496166"},{"title":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic","text":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the Vice President shall be elected along with the President. Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional Vice Presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting Vice Presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana. After","psg_id":"11343570"},{"title":"A Planet for the President","text":"A Planet for the President A Planet for the President (2004) is a novel by Alistair Beaton. Set in the not-too-distant future, it satirically ponders the question of what action the President of the United States might take if he finally realized that global climate change is converting the earth into an increasingly uninhabitable planet, also for Americans. Eventually persuaded by his aides to \"think the unthinkable\", the President in the novel, Fletcher J. Fletcher, greenlights drastic measures to stop environmental destruction and to secure for himself a place in history as the saviour of the earth. A biting political","psg_id":"6402325"},{"title":"Vice President of the Legislative Yuan","text":"Vice President may presides over the Yuan Sittings and the meetings of the Committee of the Entire Yuan and is responsible for the administration of the Yuan. Vice President of the Legislative Yuan The Vice President of the Legislative Yuan () is the deputy presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. The current Vice President is Tsai Chi-chang, a Democratic Progressive Party legislator representing the first district of Taichung. The Vice President is elected by and from among all members of the Yuan in a preparatory meeting held on the first reporting day of the first","psg_id":"19089903"},{"title":"A Planet for the President","text":"in the vaccine being inefficient. (\"The free market made America and the free market destroyed America.\") In the end, Fletcher J. Fletcher is the only human survivor, as his vaccine was the only one produced outside the United States. He continues living in the White House for several years until his death. A Planet for the President A Planet for the President (2004) is a novel by Alistair Beaton. Set in the not-too-distant future, it satirically ponders the question of what action the President of the United States might take if he finally realized that global climate change is converting","psg_id":"6402341"},{"title":"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President","text":"and then kept him as a family pet. He is said to be well-behaved and is the first rabbit to have flown on \"Air Force Two\", when the Pences moved to Washington, D.C. The Pences planned to take Marlon Bundo on the book's press tour. The story details the experiences of Marlon Bundo, the Pence family pet rabbit and BOTUS (Bunny of the United States), as he follows Grampa (vice president Mike Pence) around for a day. Included are visits to the Oval Office, the Senate, the vice president's office, and the telescope at their home at the Naval Observatory.","psg_id":"20630867"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"of the Senate. Dick Cheney is the most recent former vice president to be so honored. Unlike former presidents, whose pension is fixed at the same rate, regardless of their time in office, former vice presidents receive their retirement income based on their role as President of the Senate. Additionally, since 2008, each former vice president and his immediate family is entitled (under the \"Former Vice President Protection Act of 2008\") to Secret Service protection for up to six months after leaving office, and again temporarily at any time thereafter if warranted. Vice President of the United States The Vice","psg_id":"449726"},{"title":"George Clinton (vice president)","text":"their candidate for vice president. While the Republicans joined in the general acclamation of Washington for a second term as president, they objected to the allegedly \"monarchical\" attitude of Vice President Adams. Clinton was nominated rather than Thomas Jefferson because the Virginia electors could not vote for Washington, and for a second Virginian. Clinton received 50 electoral votes to 77 for Adams. His candidacy was damaged by his anti-Federalist record and by his narrow and disputed re-election as governor in 1792. (He won by only 108 votes, and the substantial anti-Clinton vote of Otsego County was excluded on a technicality.)","psg_id":"1311109"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"became moot. In the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries which pitted Hillary Clinton against Barack Obama, Clinton suggested a Clinton-Obama ticket with Obama in the vice president slot as it would be \"unstoppable\" against the presumptive Republican nominee. Obama rejected the offer outright saying \"I want everybody to be absolutely clear. I'm not running for vice president. I'm running for president of the United States of America\" while noting \"With all due respect. I won twice as many states as Sen. Clinton. I've won more of the popular vote than Sen. Clinton. I have more delegates than Sen. Clinton. So, I","psg_id":"449696"},{"title":"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President","text":"prose. A parody, \"A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo\" by Jill Twiss, was released around the same time and surpassed it in sales, taking aim at Mike Pence's staunch opposition to same-sex marriage. Charlotte Pence welcomed the satire and ultimately so did Regnery, her book's publisher. The book is an educational story explaining to children what the job of Vice President of the United States entails as seen through the eyes of the Pence family pet rabbit Marlon Bundo. The book was announced on the Instagram account dedicated to Marlon Bundo on September 15, 2017. Second Lady Karen","psg_id":"20630864"},{"title":"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President","text":"partisan.\" When the success of both books became apparent, Regnery complimented John Oliver and Chronicle Books for their sales figures, adding: \"There's plenty to go around for everyone and, like Charlotte [Pence] said, we can all be happy the proceeds are going to a good cause.\" Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President is a 2018 children's book by Charlotte Pence as author and Karen Pence as illustrator. It details a fictional day in the life of Marlon Bundo, pet rabbit of Vice President of","psg_id":"20630873"},{"title":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic","text":"President had been eliminated to later be recreated. In times when the office was eliminated, if the President was leaving the country, an acting President was designated, therefore creating the post of a second in command. For example the 30th President of the Dominican Republic, Carlos Felipe Morales, elected Ramón Cáceres to be his Vice President from 1903 until 1905. Then from 1905–1911, the previous Vice President Ramón Cáceres is elected as President and the office of the Vice President is eliminated during that time span. Also during the 31 year dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, the office of the Vice","psg_id":"11343572"},{"title":"Vice President of the Legislative Yuan","text":"Vice President of the Legislative Yuan The Vice President of the Legislative Yuan () is the deputy presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. The current Vice President is Tsai Chi-chang, a Democratic Progressive Party legislator representing the first district of Taichung. The Vice President is elected by and from among all members of the Yuan in a preparatory meeting held on the first reporting day of the first session of each Legislative Yuan, and he or she shall serve a term the same length as that of other members. In absent of the President, the","psg_id":"19089902"},{"title":"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President","text":"At the end of the day, Marlon joins the vice president in reading the Bible and praying before bed. One week after the book's launch date, Regnery Publishing reported that \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\" was in its third printing, totaling more than 100,000 copies. \"Publisher's Weekly\" estimated the book had sold 26,000 copies as of May 11, 2018. The book has received a rating of 4.7/5 on its Amazon page, for an overall positive reception by its buyers. On its launch date, a number of one-star reviews with negative comments were left on","psg_id":"20630868"},{"title":"Vice-President of the European Commission","text":"a percentage of the top civil service grade. Vice-Presidents are paid at 125% (€22,122.10 monthly), in comparison to 112.5% (€19,909.89) for normal Commissioners and 138% (€24,422.80) for the President. However, the Vice-President who is also the High Representative, is paid at 130% (€23,006.98). There are further allowances on top of these figures. The First Vice-President usually takes on the main role of a Vice-President: taking over from the President in their absence. The current First Vice-President is Frans Timmermans. The Previous First Vice-President was Catherine Ashton who was also the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security","psg_id":"9889107"},{"title":"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President","text":"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President is a 2018 children's book by Charlotte Pence as author and Karen Pence as illustrator. It details a fictional day in the life of Marlon Bundo, pet rabbit of Vice President of the United States Mike Pence, father of Charlotte and husband of Karen. The book sold well, with proceeds going to charity, and was well received by those who bought it. It received lukewarm reviews from professional critics, who praised the illustrations but found fault with the","psg_id":"20630863"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"Roosevelt raised the stature of the office by renewing the practice of inviting the vice president to cabinet meetings, which every president since has maintained. Roosevelt's first vice president, John Nance Garner, broke with him over the \"court-packing\" issue, early in his second term, and became Roosevelt's leading critic. At the start of that term, on January 20, 1937, Garner had been the first Vice President to be sworn into office on the Capitol steps in the same ceremony with the president; a tradition that continues. Prior to that time, vice presidents were traditionally inaugurated at a separate ceremony in","psg_id":"449719"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"same qualifications as the President which means he must be: The Vice President is elected in the same manner as, but separately from, the President. Both the President and the Vice President are elected by direct plurality vote where the candidate who garners the highest number of votes, whether a majority or not, wins the election. While candidates usually run in tandem for the offices of President and Vice President, under their own political parties, it is possible and not unusual for candidates from different parties to be elected as President and Vice President. The Vice President is barred from","psg_id":"5588584"},{"title":"Vice President of Vietnam","text":"the office of vice president to Deputy Chairman of the Council of State. Unlike the 1946, 1959 and the present constitution, the 1980 constitution did not mentioned what kind of authority the office of vice president had — for instance, it was not mentioned if a vice president would take the responsibilities of acting head of state if the head of state was incapacitated. In 1992, the name for the post of deputy chairman of the Council of State was reverted to its original name; vice president. South Vietnam, under its 1967 constitution, also had a Vice-President. Since 1992, the","psg_id":"13621376"},{"title":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic","text":"the inception of the Dominican Republic, the country was run by a Central Governing Junta led by Pedro Santana. As such, there was no need for a Vice President at the time. Yet, it is believed that the first Vice President of the Republic was Felipe Benicio Alfau Bustamante, who was elected as Acting Vice President by Pedro Santana. This was spurred because Santana was invited to go abroad yet the Republic had to be seen to in his absence. The Constitution of the Dominican Republic has been amended many times, and in some instances the office of the Vice","psg_id":"11343571"},{"title":"Vice President of Indonesia","text":"was now officially a Parliamentary Democracy and there was not a significant role for the Vice-President to play. On 1 December 1956, partly because of his differences with Sukarno, Hatta resigned from the Vice Presidency. For the next 17 years, the Vice Presidency remain vacant. In December 1965, there were calls for a Vice-President to be named to assist President Sukarno during the times of uncertainty. The idea did not gain momentum and the Vice Presidency continued to remain vacant as the Presidency passed over from Sukarno to General Suharto. In March 1973, the Vice Presidency vacancy was filled by","psg_id":"10421835"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"this practice, awarding two electors to the statewide winner and one to the winner in each congressional district. On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, about six weeks after the election, the electors convene in their respective states (and in Washington D.C.) to vote for president and, on a separate ballot, for vice president. The certified results are opened and counted during a joint session of Congress, held in the first week of January. A candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes for vice president (currently 270 of 538) is declared the winner. Otherwise, the","psg_id":"449700"},{"title":"George Clinton (vice president)","text":"Bill of Rights. In the early 1790s, he emerged as a leader of the incipient Democratic-Republican Party, and Clinton served as the party's vice presidential candidate in the 1792 presidential election. Clinton received the third most electoral votes in the election, as President George Washington and Vice President John Adams both won re-election. Clinton did not seek re-election in 1795, but served as governor again from 1801 to 1805. He was the longest-serving governor in U.S. history until Terry Branstad surpassed his record in 2015. Clinton was again tapped as the Democratic-Republican vice presidential nominee in the 1804 election, as","psg_id":"1311098"},{"title":"Vice President of Liberia","text":"The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah. She began her term on January 22, 2018. Article 52 of the Constitution lays out the qualifications for candidates for vice president. To be eligible for office under the current Constitution, a vice presidential candidate must: Additionally, the vice president may not reside in the same county as the president. Under Article 63(b), the Vice President ascends to the presidency in the event of president's death, resignation, impeachment, or when the president is declared incapable of carrying out the duties of the office. In the event of ascension,","psg_id":"7020905"},{"title":"Flag of the Vice President of the United States","text":"the Vice President, but no such official order is known. Following the 1915 ceremony, Marshall asked to keep the flags, and they were given to him. A flag of this design, presumably either from 1915 or 1919, is housed at the Scottish Rite Masonic Cathedral in Fort Wayne, Indiana (Vice President Marshall's hometown). In 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued , which defined an official flag of the Vice President for the first time. The design was the same as the President's flag of the time, as specified in from 1916, except with the colors reversed (much like the 1915","psg_id":"14097128"},{"title":"Flag of the Vice President of the United States","text":"during a visit from the President, and at the foremast if the Vice President was aboard. Subsequent regulations switched between the national flag and union jack for the honors, but the December 31, 1869 regulations reverted to the same honors as 1865. In March 1915, Vice President Thomas R. Marshall was sent to the Panama–Pacific International Exposition to represent President Wilson, which was to include a ceremony aboard a U.S. Navy ship. While most other high government officials had personal flags by this time, there was no such flag for the Vice President. Therefore, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels","psg_id":"14097121"},{"title":"Vice President of the Confederate States of America","text":"first person in the line of succession. If the President died, resigned or was removed from office, the Vice President would become the new president for the remainder of his term. This never happened. During his tenure in office, Vice President Alexander Stephens grew increasingly distant from President Davis and spent less and less time in Richmond, the Confederate capital. He eventually spent much of his time trying, without success, to maintain diplomatic channels with the USA and pushed for a negotiated end to the war. He was sent by Davis to represent the Confederate government at the Hampton Roads","psg_id":"7344237"},{"title":"Vice president","text":"specific business divisions (\"e.g.\", Vice President for Legal, Vice President for Sales and Marketing, Vice President for Finance, or Vice President for Human Resources). When there are several vice presidents in a company, these individuals are sometimes differentiated with titles denoting higher positions such as executive vice president and/or senior vice president with the remaining management team holding the title vice president. The title of assistant vice president or associate vice president is used in large organizations below vice president and there can be a very convoluted list of other types of VPs as seen in the next section. As","psg_id":"626653"},{"title":"Vice-President of Ghana","text":"of Ghana and to do right to all manner of persons. I further (solemnly swear) (solemnly affirm) that should I at any time break this oath of office, I shall submit myself to the laws of the Republic of Ghana and suffer the penalty for it. (So help me God).\" The duties of the vice-president of Ghana are: The Vice-President is also a member of Vice-President of Ghana The Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana is the second-highest executive official in Ghana. The vice-president, together with the President of Ghana, is directly elected by the people through popular vote to","psg_id":"17728800"},{"title":"Vice President of the Republic of China","text":"the president. Two vice presidents have succeeded to the president upon the death of the president. Yen Chia-kan became president in 1975 upon the death of President Chiang Kai-shek and Lee Teng-hui became president in 1988 upon the death of President Chiang Ching-kuo. Yen stepped down as president three years later in favor of Chiang Ching-kuo Another, Li Tsung-jen, formally acted as president from 21 January 1949 to 1 March 1950. President Chiang Kai-shek had resigned amid heavy losses during the Chinese Civil War, but was unclear on whether he was resigning permanently, or simply wished to step down temporarily.","psg_id":"6820990"},{"title":"Vice president","text":"in place of the president on the event of the president's death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as their running mate, or more rarely, appointed independently after the president's election. Most governments with vice presidents have one person in this role at any time, although in some countries there are two or more vice presidents–an extreme case being Iran's 12 vice presidents. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill their duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many presidential systems, the vice president","psg_id":"626650"},{"title":"George Clinton (vice president)","text":"Anti-Federalist essays which appeared in New York newspapers during the ratification debates. However, the authorship of the essays is disputed. In the first U.S. presidential election, held from 1788 to 1789, many Anti-Federalists supported Clinton for the position of vice president. Federalists rallied around the candidacy of John Adams, and Adams finished second in the electoral vote behind George Washington, making Adams vice president. Clinton received just three electoral votes, partly because the New York legislature deadlocked and was unable to appoint a slate of electors. In the 1792 presidential election, he was chosen by the nascent Democratic-Republican Party as","psg_id":"1311108"},{"title":"Flag of the Vice President of the United States","text":"for the 19-gun salute and sent all of the items flying in the air.) The flag was used on at least one other occasion, in 1919. Due to President Wilson's recent stroke, Vice President Marshall once again needed to represent the President, hosting King Albert and Queen Elizabeth of Belgium (and their son, the Duke of Brabant) on their trip to Washington, D.C. from October 27 to 29, 1919. Part of the schedule involved a trip on the presidential yacht USS \"Mayflower\" from the Washington Navy Yard to Mount Vernon on the last day, so accordingly two flags (the same","psg_id":"14097126"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"City. The Vice President of the Philippines generally rides in a Mercedes Benz W140 S-Class, backed up by personnel from the Presidential Security Group. Vice President of the Philippines The Vice President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as \"Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas\") or in () is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President. The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. Previously, the Vice President of the Philippines held office at the Coconut Palace (located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex), the Philippine","psg_id":"5588588"},{"title":"Flag of the Vice President of the United States","text":"a U.S. Navy ship while the Vice President is aboard, and the Navy also prescribes several other flag sizes to use in various situations when the Vice President is present. Similarly, the Army prescribes use of the color (with fringe) or flag (without fringe) in different situations when the Vice President is present. The first official flag for the Vice President came in 1936, long after flags were designed for most other high government officials, though on two earlier occasions (1915 and 1919) a specially-designed, unofficial flag was used for the Vice President when he was representing the President at","psg_id":"14097119"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"a dash connecting the two words. However, the person and office is usually referred to today without the dash, as the \"Vice President.\" The first known vice president claiming to be part of a government was Mariano Trías, whose term started on March 22, 1897. He was elected during the elections of the Tejeros Convention, and was later elected vice president of the Supreme Council that oversaw negotiations for the Biak na Bato pact in 1897. This Supreme Council had no sovereignty, did not govern any state, and was just used for bargaining with the Spanish. This council was replaced","psg_id":"5588578"},{"title":"Vice President of the Maldives","text":"and 122 then goes on to describe the Responsibilities of the Vice President. As a result of these responsibilities, the Office of the Vice President and its duties are determined by the President. Under the current government, President Nasheed has charged the Vice President's office with implementing a plan to become Carbon Neutral by 2020, as well as to tackle a drug problem which affects more than half of the youth population. The first Vice President of the Maldives was Ibrahim Muhammad Didi of Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party, who was \"appointed\" to the position by President Mohamed Amin Didi (1 January","psg_id":"12673072"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"Vice President of the Philippines The Vice President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as \"Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas\") or in () is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President. The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. Previously, the Vice President of the Philippines held office at the Coconut Palace (located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex), the Philippine National Bank Financial Center, and the Philippine International Convention Center (also located in the CCP Complex), all in Pasay, Metro Manila. Bearing similarities with","psg_id":"5588576"},{"title":"Office of the Vice President of the United States","text":"included an \"office of the Vice President\" (who at the time was John Nance Garner), under the Executive Office of the President. Vice President Henry Wallace was given actual executive duties during World War II, as was Alben Barkley, who became a member of the National Security Council in 1949. The office of the vice president has been located in the Old Executive Office building since the 1950s, while the Vice President himself has been resident in the West Wing since 1977. Office of the Vice President of the United States The Office of the Vice President includes personnel who","psg_id":"13148771"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"presidential nomination at the convention. Of the thirteen presidential elections from 1956 to 2004, nine featured the incumbent president; the other four (1960, 1968, 1988, 2000) all featured the incumbent vice president. Former vice presidents also ran in 1984 (Walter Mondale) and in 1968 (Richard Nixon, against the incumbent vice president, Hubert Humphrey). The presidential election of 2008 was the first presidential election since 1928 that saw neither an incumbent president nor an incumbent or former vice president take part in any primary or general election for the presidency on a major party ticket. Nixon is the only vice president","psg_id":"449710"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"of the United States) the privilege of addressing the Senate, without granting a similar privilege to the sitting vice president. Thus, \"Time\" magazine wrote in 1925, during the tenure of Vice President Charles G. Dawes, \"once in four years the Vice President can make a little speech, and then he is done. For four years he then has to sit in the seat of the silent, attending to speeches ponderous or otherwise, of deliberation or humor.\" As President of the Senate he may also preside over most of the impeachment trials of federal officers. However, whenever the President of the","psg_id":"449671"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"by a vote of 27 to 85 in the United States House of Representatives. A second proposed amendment, introduced by United States Senator James Hillhouse in 1808 was also defeated. During the late-1860s and 1870s, five additional amendments were proposed. One supporter of the proposals, James Mitchell Ashley, opined that the office of Vice President was \"superfluous\" and dangerous. Garret Hobart, the first vice president under William McKinley, was one of the very few vice presidents at this time who played an important role in the administration. A close confidant and adviser of the president, Hobart was called \"Assistant President.\"","psg_id":"449717"},{"title":"Vice President of the Maldives","text":"Vice President of the Maldives Vice President of the Maldives is the holder of a public office created by the Constitution of the Maldives. The current office-holder is Faisal Naseem, since 17 November 2018. Ibrahim Muhammad Didi was the first Vice President, and was an appointee, while Mohammed Waheed Hassan was the first elected Vice President. The Vice President is the first in the line of succession to the Presidency in the event of the President's death, resignation, or removal from office. The post of the Vice President are described in article 112 of the constitution as follows: Articles 117","psg_id":"12673071"},{"title":"Vice-President of the European Commission","text":"Policy. Legend: – – Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice-President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is \"ex officio\" the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, with the others being appointed at the discretion of the Commission President. Any Vice-President occupies this role in addition to the usual portfolio as Commissioner. Although the post of Vice-President gives little extra power, it is seen as important in appointments. Commission","psg_id":"9889108"},{"title":"Vice president","text":"many of these VPs have minimal employees reporting to them, their necessity has been questioned, with for example Inc Magazine arguing to flatten the corporate hierarchy. Similarly, as universities have adopted a corporate structure there is concern over administrative bloat and over paying VPs. Some commentators have even claimed the proliferation of VPs and other administrators is destroying universities. \"Corporate vice president\" is an older term that usually denotes a vice president that is named as a corporate officer by the board of directors. Not all vice presidents in a company in the modern business environment are named as an","psg_id":"626654"},{"title":"United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress","text":"United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress The United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President, and Representatives in Congress is a former standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee was established in 1893 with jurisdiction over legislation concerning the election of the officials enumerated in its title, including proposed changes to the Constitution that affected the terms of office of the named officials, the succession to the offices of the President and Vice President, the direct election of Senators, and the meeting","psg_id":"7755241"},{"title":"Vice-President of the European Commission","text":"Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice-President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is \"ex officio\" the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, with the others being appointed at the discretion of the Commission President. Any Vice-President occupies this role in addition to the usual portfolio as Commissioner. Although the post of Vice-President gives little extra power, it is seen as important in appointments. Commission salaries are set as","psg_id":"9889106"},{"title":"Vice President of Russia","text":"elected vice president. The vice president shall not be people's deputy, or hold any other offices in state or public bodies as well as in businesses. The vice president was elected simultaneously with the president. A candidate for vice president was nominated by a candidate for president. The vice president executed individual assignments on a commission of the president and acted for the president in his absence or in case when it would be impossible for the president to attend to his duties. Following 1993 Russian constitutional crisis the office was abolished. The position of the Prime Minister of Russia","psg_id":"11934310"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"President George W. Bush's closest confidants. Al Gore was an important adviser to President Bill Clinton on matters of foreign policy and the environment. Under the American system of government the president is both head of state and head of government, and the ceremonial duties of the former position are often delegated to the vice president. The vice president will on occasion represent the president and the U.S. government at state funerals abroad, or at various events in the United States. This often is the most visible role of the vice president. The vice president may also meet with other","psg_id":"449682"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"Congressional Joint Resolution No. 4 series. Prior to the raise, the monthly salary was around ₱100,000. The salary of the Vice President is determined by Congress and the pay cannot be reduced during his tenure. Any increase approved during his tenure can only take effect after such tenure. Historically, the Vice President was not given an official residence. However, the Vice President also held office along with the President at the Executive Building (now Kalayaan Hall) in the complex of Malacañang Palace from 1935 until 1972, when the position was abolished under martial law and the 1973 Constitution. When the","psg_id":"5588586"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"anticipated that the vice president would not always be available to fulfil this responsibility, the Constitution provides that the Senate may elect a President pro tempore (or \"president for a time\") in order to maintain the proper ordering of the legislative process. In practice, since the early 20th century, the President of the Senate rarely presides, nor does the President pro tempore. He regularly delegates the task to other Senate members. Rule XIX, which governs debate, does not authorize the vice president to participate in debate, and grants only to members of the Senate (and, upon appropriate notice, former presidents","psg_id":"449670"},{"title":"Vice President of Abkhazia","text":"Vice President. The Vice President shall not be member of the Parliament, or hold any other offices in state or public bodies as well as in businesses. The Vice President is elected simultaneously with the President. A candidate for Vice President is nominated by a candidate for President. The Vice-President executes individual assignments on a commission of the President and acts for the President in his absence or in case when it is impossible for the President to attend to his duties. On 25 December 2013, Mikhail Logua announced his resignation as Vice President for health reasons. Vice President of","psg_id":"9588979"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"joint sessions of Congress. The vice president is indirectly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office by the people of the United States through the Electoral College. Section 2 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, ratified in 1967, created a mechanism for intra-term vice presidential succession, establishing that vice presidential vacancies will be filled by the president and confirmed by both houses of Congress. Previously, whenever a vice president had succeeded to the presidency or had died or resigned from office, the vice presidency remained vacant until the next presidential and vice presidential terms began. The vice president","psg_id":"449658"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"two-thirds vote to convict. No vice president has ever been impeached. The vice president's salary is $230,700. The salary was set by the 1989 Government Salary Reform Act, which also provides an automatic cost of living adjustment for federal employees. The vice president does not automatically receive a pension based on that office, but instead receives the same pension as other members of Congress based on his position as President of the Senate. The vice president must serve a minimum of two years to qualify for a pension. The home of the vice president was only designated in 1974, when","psg_id":"449706"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"the Senate chamber. Gerald R. Ford and Nelson A. Rockefeller, who were both appointed to the office under the terms of the 25th amendment, were inaugurated in the House and Senate chambers, respectively. Henry Wallace, Roosevelt's vice president during his third term (1941–1945), was given major responsibilities during World War II. However, after numerous policy disputes between Wallace and other Roosevelt Administration and Democratic Party officials, he was denied renomination to office at the 1944 Democratic National Convention. Harry Truman was selected instead. During his day vice presidency, Truman was not informed about any war or post-war plans, including the","psg_id":"449720"},{"title":"John A. Curry","text":"One\" was published in 2009. Curry currently resides in Saugus, Massachusetts with his wife Marcia. John A. Curry John A. Curry (born May 12, 1934) was the President of Northeastern University from 1989 to 1996. Prior to serving as President, Curry was the University's Executive Vice President. Curry is the first alumnus to serve as Northeastern's President. Curry grew up in the city of Lynn, Massachusetts and graduated from Lynn English High School where he is a member of the Lynn English sport's hall of fame. After receiving both his bachelor's and master's degree from Northeastern University, Curry went on","psg_id":"10188974"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"undergoing medical procedures, which were done under sedationVice President Dick Cheney was acting president for approximately two hours on each occasion. The extent of any informal roles and functions of the vice president depend on the specific relationship between the president and the vice president, but often include tasks such as drafter and spokesperson for the administration's policies, adviser to the president, and being a symbol of American concern or support. The influence of the vice president in this role depends almost entirely on the characteristics of the particular administration. Dick Cheney, for instance, was widely regarded as one of","psg_id":"449681"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"(it is still the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio in official protocol to this day), which was given to Vice President Elpidio Quirino. Vice President Fernando Lopez declined the Foreign Affairs portfolio when he became Quirino's Vice President in 1949. However, Vice Presidents Carlos P. Garcia and Emmanuel Pelaez also held the Foreign Affairs portfolio, a tradition revived in the Fifth Republic, with Vice Presidents Salvador Laurel and Teofisto Guingona, Jr. holding the Foreign Affairs portfolio. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo served as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development. Other Cabinet positions with no Secretary title was given to Joseph Estrada as Chairman of the","psg_id":"5588581"},{"title":"Vice President of the Republic of China","text":"should become vacant, the Vice President shall succeed until the expiration of the original presidential term. In case the office of both the President and the Vice President should become vacant, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. In case the President should be unable to attend to office due to any cause, the Vice President shall act for the President. In case both the President and the Vice President should be unable to attend to office, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. After the Vice President succeeds as president, the","psg_id":"6820988"},{"title":"Flag of the Vice President of the United States","text":"Flag of the Vice President of the United States The Flag of the Vice President of the United States consists of the vice presidential coat of arms on a white background, with four dark blue stars in the corners. A version of the flag is kept in the Vice President's office, is sometimes displayed by the Vice President in official photos, and is flown on the Vice President's motorcade. The first official flag for the Vice President was specified in 1936, although a special design was used at least twice during the 1910s. The flag has shared the same design","psg_id":"14097112"},{"title":"Vice president","text":"clubs) one or multiple vice presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: 1st vice president, 2nd vice president, and so on). In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: Vice President of Operations, Finance, etc. In some associations the first vice president can be interchangeable with executive vice president and the remaining vice presidents are ranked in order","psg_id":"626657"},{"title":"Vice-President of Burundi","text":"of two posts: The 1st vice-president (Responsible for political and administrative affairs) and the 2nd vice-president (Responsible for economic and social affairs). A new transitional power-sharing government took office on 1 November 2001. Interim president Pierre Buyoya became transitional president for a period of 18 months. At the end of his term in 2003, Hutu Vice-President Domitien Ndayizeye took office and appointed a Tutsi (Alphonse-Marie Kadege) as vice-president. In November 2004, Kadege was sacked as vice-president and replaced by Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro. Although Ndayizeye's term was due to end in late 2004 following elections, the transitional period was extended and planned","psg_id":"5742524"},{"title":"Vice president","text":"Vice president A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the Latin \"vice\" meaning \"in place of\". In some countries, the vice president is called the \"deputy president\". In everyday speech, the abbreviation \"VP\" can be used. In government, a vice president is a person whose primary responsibility is to act","psg_id":"626649"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"don't know how somebody who's in second place is offering vice presidency to the person who's in first place\". Obama stated that the nomination process would have to be a choice between himself and Clinton, saying \"I don't want anybody here thinking that 'Somehow, maybe I can get both'\", by nominating Clinton as president and assuming he would be her running mate\". Some suggested that it was a ploy by the Clinton campaign to denigrate Obama as less qualified for the presidency. Later, when Obama became the presumptive Democratic nominee, former President Jimmy Carter cautioned against Clinton being picked for","psg_id":"449697"},{"title":"Vice President of the Republic of China","text":"office of Vice President remains vacant for the remainder of the term. Aside from succeeding the president in the case of death, resignation, or impeachment of the president, and acting as president in the event the president becomes incapacitated, the vice president holds little formal power in the government. Until 1996, the vice president was elected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China. Beginning in the 1996 election, the vice president has been elected through a direct popular vote of citizens with household registration in the \"Free Area of the Republic of China\" on the same ticket as","psg_id":"6820989"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"as Vice President. Within a week after Tolentino's oath, the People Power Revolution resulted in the collapse of the Marcos regime. On February 25, 1986 Corazon Aquino and Salvador H. Laurel were sworn in as President and Vice President. The office of Vice President was abolished and not included in the original version of the 1973 Constitution. It was, however, reinstated in subsequent amendments, just before the snap elections in 1986 that led to the People Power Revolution that installed Corazon Aquino into the Presidency. Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution mandates that the Vice President must bear the","psg_id":"5588583"},{"title":"Vice President of the Republic of China","text":"being impeached by the Control Yuan for \"failure to carry out duties due to illegal conduct.\" Due to the relative lack of formal power of the position, it has been coupled in the past with the office of the premier of the Republic of China. Vice presidents Chen Cheng, Yen Chia-kan, and Lien Chan all served as premier concurrently as vice president during part of their terms, and vice president Annette Lu has at times been mentioned as a possible candidate for premiership. Standard of the Vice President of the Republic of China was instituted in \"Act of Ensign of","psg_id":"6820992"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"Who determined the existence of an inability? Did a vice president become president for the rest of the presidential term in the case of an inability; or was the vice president merely \"acting as President\"? During the 19th and first half of the 20th century several presidents experienced periods of severe illness, physical disability or injury, some lasting for weeks or months. During these times, even though the nation needed effective presidential leadership, no vice president wanted to seem like a usurper, and so power was never transferred. After President Dwight D. Eisenhower openly addressed his health issues and made","psg_id":"449678"},{"title":"A Planet for the President","text":"developments is a thoroughly hypocritical society. Vince Lennox, for example, who frequently has to eat cheeseburgers with his boss, does not dare admit to the President that he is actually a vegetarian. Various celebrities publicly support the campaigns for moral integrity and sexual abstinence while behind closed doors indulging in pornography, promiscuity and all kinds of perversions. The President himself, whose son comes out during a live television broadcast, more and more often locks himself in his private study adjacent to the Oval Office to \"be alone with his God\", a phrase which is very soon recognized by everyone on","psg_id":"6402335"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"later, with no such position existing during the country's declaration of independence in 1898, which had a dictatorial government. Officially, the country's first actual republic was founded in 1899, and it too had no vice president. Trias instead served in the cabinets of Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno, as finance minister and war minister, respectively. Trias is not considered a Philippine Vice President as the Supreme Council did not proclaim any sovereign state. The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines established the position of Vice President, and may be appointed by the President to a cabinet position. The first person elected","psg_id":"5588579"},{"title":"Vice President of Suriname","text":"Vice President of Suriname Vice President of Suriname () is the second-highest political position in Suriname, after the President. The President and the Vice President are elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms. The position of Vice President was created in the Constitution of 1987, when the position of Prime Minister of Suriname was abolished. The Vice President is charged with the day-to-day management of the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the President. Ashwin Adhin has been the incumbent Vice President of Suriname since August 12, 2015. The powers of the President are exercised by the Vice-President:","psg_id":"13099674"},{"title":"Vice President of Suriname","text":"Vice President of Suriname Vice President of Suriname () is the second-highest political position in Suriname, after the President. The President and the Vice President are elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms. The position of Vice President was created in the Constitution of 1987, when the position of Prime Minister of Suriname was abolished. The Vice President is charged with the day-to-day management of the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the President. Ashwin Adhin has been the incumbent Vice President of Suriname since August 12, 2015. The powers of the President are exercised by the Vice-President:","psg_id":"13099673"},{"title":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic","text":"President was eliminated or vacated on several occasions. Since 1966, which is considered the beginning of the 4th Republic, the office of the Vice President of the Dominican Republic has been a permanent post. Also, the Vice President has to be elected along with the President, not appointed by the latter. Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic,","psg_id":"11343573"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"United States is on trial, the Constitution requires that the Chief Justice of the United States must preside. This stipulation was designed to avoid the possible conflict of interest in having the vice president preside over the trial for the removal of the one official standing between him and the presidency. Curiously, the framers made no mention of who would preside in the instance where the vice president is the officer impeached; thus leaving a loophole whereby a vice president, as President of the Senate, could preside at their own impeachment trial. The Twelfth Amendment, like the superseded Article II","psg_id":"449672"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"to the position of Vice President under the constitution was Sergio Osmeña. Elected together with Manuel L. Quezon in the first Philippine national elections, Osmena was given the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio with inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in November 1935. Prior to independence in 1946, that cabinet portfolio was Secretary of Public Instruction, which had once been reserved only for the Vice Governor-General (an American). Vice President Osmena held that position from 1935–1939, and a similar portfolio in the War Cabinet during World War II. After independence, the highest-ranking cabinet position became that of Secretary of Foreign Affairs","psg_id":"5588580"},{"title":"Vice president","text":"club specifically provide of the Officer title of President-Elect, that officer would assume the powers and duties of the president upon vacancy of that office only if specified in the bylaws. Vice president A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the Latin \"vice\" meaning \"in place of\". In some countries,","psg_id":"626659"},{"title":"Vice President of Costa Rica","text":"of the 1871 Constitution, Costa Rica returned to the system of Designates to the Presidency, but with three designates, elected by the Legislature for same four-year period as the President of the Republic. In accordance with the Costa Rican constitution of 7 November 1949 there are two vice presidents, popularly elected at the same time as the president. Vice President of Costa Rica The 1949 Constitution of Costa Rica established two Vice-Presidencies of Costa Rica, which are directly elected through a popular vote on a ticket with the president for a period of four years, with no immediate re-election. There","psg_id":"11789881"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"new office imposed a political cost on strategically discarded electoral votes, incentivizing electors to make their choices for president without resort to electoral gamesmanship and to cast their second ballot accordingly. The resultant method of electing the president and vice president, spelled out in , allocated to each state a number of electors equal to the combined total of its Senate and House of Representatives membership. Each elector was allowed to vote for two people for president (rather than for both president and vice president), but could not differentiate between their first and second choice for the presidency. The person","psg_id":"449664"},{"title":"John A. Curry","text":"John A. Curry John A. Curry (born May 12, 1934) was the President of Northeastern University from 1989 to 1996. Prior to serving as President, Curry was the University's Executive Vice President. Curry is the first alumnus to serve as Northeastern's President. Curry grew up in the city of Lynn, Massachusetts and graduated from Lynn English High School where he is a member of the Lynn English sport's hall of fame. After receiving both his bachelor's and master's degree from Northeastern University, Curry went on to earn his Doctor of Education from Boston University. Curry is the husband of Marcia","psg_id":"10188972"},{"title":"Vice President of Azerbaijan","text":"vice president. In terms of resignation of the President from his/her post ahead of time, extraordinary presidential elections should be held within 60 days. In this case, powers of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is exercised by the First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan until the new President of the Republic is elected. If the First Vice-President, who is acting as the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, resigns, or is incapacitated due to health problems, the status of First Vice President passes to the Vice President of Azerbaijan in a specified sequence. Vice President of Azerbaijan","psg_id":"20028848"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"in the OEOB has since been designated the \"Ceremonial Office of the Vice President\" and is today used for formal events and press interviews. President Jimmy Carter was the first president to give his vice president, Walter Mondale, an office in the West Wing of the White House, which all vice presidents have since retained. Because of their function as Presidents of the Senate, vice presidents still maintain offices and staff members on Capitol Hill. Though Walter Mondale's tenure was the beginning of the modern day power of the vice presidency, the tenure of Dick Cheney saw a rapid growth","psg_id":"449723"},{"title":"Seal of the Vice President of the United States","text":"many seals for the government, and would make one for the President a few years later). The letter also indicates that the vice presidential seal was not new at the time. Only one impression of an early vice presidential seal has been found, that on the envelope of a January 26, 1850 letter from Vice President Millard Fillmore to the Chairman of the Senate Committee of Post Offices and Post Roads concerning the nomination of a postmaster. The seal was of red wax, and about the size of a nickel (which is ). The central design is basically a version","psg_id":"14097102"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"heads of state at times when the administration wishes to demonstrate concern or support but cannot send the president personally. To be Constitutionally eligible to serve as the nation's vice president, a person must, according to the Twelfth Amendment, meet the eligibility requirements to become president (which are stated in ). Thus, to serve as vice president, an individual must: A person who meets the above qualifications is still disqualified from holding the office of vice president under the following conditions: Though the vice president does not need to have any political experience, most major-party vice presidential nominees are current","psg_id":"449683"},{"title":"Vice President of Chile","text":"only a title for the first in the order of succession to discharge the duties of the president in case of temporary impediment or vacancy. The Vice President, in the performance of his duties, has all the powers that the Constitution confers on the President of the Republic. Vice President of Chile Vice President of Chile was a political position in Chile from 1826 to 1833. In 1826, jointly with the establishment of the title of President of the Republic, the position of Vice President was created, whose function was to replace the President in the cases of illness, absence","psg_id":"20613107"},{"title":"Vice President of Colombia","text":"Interior. Marta Lucía Ramírez is the current vice president. The vice president must be a natural-born citizen of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The Colombian Constitution of 1991 requires the vice president to meet the same eligibility requirements as the president that can be re-elected. It is also eligible for an unlimited number of terms as vice president. The vice president has the same period of functions that the President of Colombia and will replace him in case of temporary or complete absences. The vice president can also be authorized by the president special missions (like to represent","psg_id":"9796457"},{"title":"Vice President of the Philippines","text":"serving more than two consecutive terms. The Vice President is first in the presidential line of succession. The Constitution provides several circumstances where the Vice President (or the Vice President-elect) shall assume the Presidency or serve as acting President. There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation: The Vice President is paid ₱353,476 (approximately US$7,080) per month and ₱ 4,241,640 per annum as of July 1 2016 by virtue of Executive Order No. 201 series of 2016 as authorized by","psg_id":"5588585"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"goal of vice presidential candidate selection is to help and not hurt the party's chances of getting elected; nonetheless, several vice presidential selections have been controversial. In 1984, Democratic nominee Walter Mondale's groundbreaking choice of Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate (the first woman in U.S. history nominated for Vice President by a major political party), became a drag on the ticket due to repeated questions about her husband's finances. A selection whose positive traits make the presidential candidate look less favorable in comparison or which can cause the presidential candidate's judgment to be questioned often backfire, such as in","psg_id":"449688"},{"title":"Vice President of the People's Republic of China","text":"The holders of the office have all been individuals with a degree of political clout. Vice President Li Yuanchao was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China until 2017, but not the Standing Committee. His successor, Wang Qishan, was a retired member of the Standing Committee at the time of his ascension. Vice President of the People's Republic of China The Vice President of the People's Republic of China (; abbreviated ), formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, is a senior position in the government of the","psg_id":"7729934"},{"title":"Vice President of Liberia","text":"Vice President of Liberia The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six-year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie.","psg_id":"7020904"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"three-story Queen Anne style mansion was built in 1893 on the grounds of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., to serve as residence for the superintendent of the Observatory. In 1923, the residence was reassigned to be the home of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), which it was until it was turned over to the office of the vice president fifty years later. In recent decades, the vice presidency has frequently been used as a platform to launch bids for the presidency. The transition of the office to its modern stature occurred primarily as a result of Franklin","psg_id":"449708"},{"title":"Vice President of the United States","text":"Senate must meet to elect a vice president using a contingent election procedure in which senators, casting votes individually, choose between the two candidates who received the most electoral votes for vice president. For a candidate to win, he or she must receive votes from an absolute majority of senators (currently 51 of 100). There has been only one vice presidential contingent election since the Twelfth Amendment was ratified. It occurred on February 8, 1837, after no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes cast for vice president in the 1836 election. By a 33–17 vote, Richard M. Johnson","psg_id":"449701"},{"title":"Students for a Democratic Society","text":"Todd Gitlin of Harvard University was made president. Some continuity was preserved by retaining Paul Booth as Vice President. The search began for something to challenge the idealistic, budding activists. SDS New School in the building of the Presidio Hills School, 3839 Washington St., in San Francisco was founded in January 1964 by Saul Landau, Alvin Duskin (former president of Emerson College), Paul Jacobs, Carl Werthman (sociologist), Ronnie Davis (a playwright and director), Mike Miller (SNCC), and Bob Scheer. It was at this time that the Black Power Movement was first gaining some momentum (although Stokely Carmichael would make the","psg_id":"17344757"},{"title":"Vice President of the Maldives","text":"President Gayoom on 7 August 2008, the post of Vice President was once again created with the duties described above. Under the new constitution, Dr. Mohammed Waheed Hassan of the Gaumee Itthihaad Party became the first \"elected\" Vice President of Maldives and was sworn into office on November 11, 2008. Mohamed Nasheed was elected into office as the President of the Maldives and together they effectively ended the 30 year rule of then Asia's longest serving ruler President Gayoom. Dr. Waheed was the senior most Maldivian in the United Nations when he retired from it in June 2008, in order","psg_id":"12673074"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"the election of 1796, Federalist John Adams won the presidency, but his bitter rival, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson came second and became vice president. Thus, the president and vice president were from opposing parties; and Jefferson used the vice presidency to frustrate the president's policies. Then, four years later, in the election of 1800, Jefferson, and fellow Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr each received 73 electoral votes. In the contingent election that followed, Jefferson finally won on the 36th ballot, and Burr became vice president. Afterward, the system was overhauled through the Twelfth Amendment in time to be used in the 1804 election.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"The Vice President The Vice President is a mountain on \\\"The President/Vice President Massif\\\" just North of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named \\\"Mount McNicoll\\\" in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass. There appears to be only one route up the Vice President—up the President glacier to the col,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8496165\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gilbert A. Pierce\",\n \"text\": \"to Portugal by President Benjamin Harrison; but failing health forced Pierce to resign after only a few months. Pierce's last years were spent in British Columbia, Washington, and California before the time of his death in Chicago, Illinois, aged 62. Gilbert A. Pierce Gilbert Ashville Pierce (January 11, 1838February 15, 1901) was an American author, journalist, playwright, and a member of the Indiana House of Representatives, the eighth Governor of Dakota Territory, and representative for North Dakota in the United States Senate. Pierce County, North Dakota was named in his honor. Gilbert Pierce was born at East Otto, Cattaraugus County,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6736016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"then up a snow slope to the ridge, then to the peak. The Vice President The Vice President is a mountain on \\\"The President/Vice President Massif\\\" just North of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named \\\"Mount McNicoll\\\" in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass. There appears to be only\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8496166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the Vice President shall be elected along with the President. Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional Vice Presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting Vice Presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11343570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Planet for the President\",\n \"text\": \"A Planet for the President A Planet for the President (2004) is a novel by Alistair Beaton. Set in the not-too-distant future, it satirically ponders the question of what action the President of the United States might take if he finally realized that global climate change is converting the earth into an increasingly uninhabitable planet, also for Americans. Eventually persuaded by his aides to \\\"think the unthinkable\\\", the President in the novel, Fletcher J. Fletcher, greenlights drastic measures to stop environmental destruction and to secure for himself a place in history as the saviour of the earth. A biting political\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6402325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Legislative Yuan\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President may presides over the Yuan Sittings and the meetings of the Committee of the Entire Yuan and is responsible for the administration of the Yuan. Vice President of the Legislative Yuan The Vice President of the Legislative Yuan () is the deputy presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. The current Vice President is Tsai Chi-chang, a Democratic Progressive Party legislator representing the first district of Taichung. The Vice President is elected by and from among all members of the Yuan in a preparatory meeting held on the first reporting day of the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19089903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Planet for the President\",\n \"text\": \"in the vaccine being inefficient. (\\\"The free market made America and the free market destroyed America.\\\") In the end, Fletcher J. Fletcher is the only human survivor, as his vaccine was the only one produced outside the United States. He continues living in the White House for several years until his death. A Planet for the President A Planet for the President (2004) is a novel by Alistair Beaton. Set in the not-too-distant future, it satirically ponders the question of what action the President of the United States might take if he finally realized that global climate change is converting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6402341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"and then kept him as a family pet. He is said to be well-behaved and is the first rabbit to have flown on \\\"Air Force Two\\\", when the Pences moved to Washington, D.C. The Pences planned to take Marlon Bundo on the book's press tour. The story details the experiences of Marlon Bundo, the Pence family pet rabbit and BOTUS (Bunny of the United States), as he follows Grampa (vice president Mike Pence) around for a day. Included are visits to the Oval Office, the Senate, the vice president's office, and the telescope at their home at the Naval Observatory.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"of the Senate. Dick Cheney is the most recent former vice president to be so honored. Unlike former presidents, whose pension is fixed at the same rate, regardless of their time in office, former vice presidents receive their retirement income based on their role as President of the Senate. Additionally, since 2008, each former vice president and his immediate family is entitled (under the \\\"Former Vice President Protection Act of 2008\\\") to Secret Service protection for up to six months after leaving office, and again temporarily at any time thereafter if warranted. Vice President of the United States The Vice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Clinton (vice president)\",\n \"text\": \"their candidate for vice president. While the Republicans joined in the general acclamation of Washington for a second term as president, they objected to the allegedly \\\"monarchical\\\" attitude of Vice President Adams. Clinton was nominated rather than Thomas Jefferson because the Virginia electors could not vote for Washington, and for a second Virginian. Clinton received 50 electoral votes to 77 for Adams. His candidacy was damaged by his anti-Federalist record and by his narrow and disputed re-election as governor in 1792. (He won by only 108 votes, and the substantial anti-Clinton vote of Otsego County was excluded on a technicality.)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1311109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"became moot. In the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries which pitted Hillary Clinton against Barack Obama, Clinton suggested a Clinton-Obama ticket with Obama in the vice president slot as it would be \\\"unstoppable\\\" against the presumptive Republican nominee. Obama rejected the offer outright saying \\\"I want everybody to be absolutely clear. I'm not running for vice president. I'm running for president of the United States of America\\\" while noting \\\"With all due respect. I won twice as many states as Sen. Clinton. I've won more of the popular vote than Sen. Clinton. I have more delegates than Sen. Clinton. So, I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"prose. A parody, \\\"A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo\\\" by Jill Twiss, was released around the same time and surpassed it in sales, taking aim at Mike Pence's staunch opposition to same-sex marriage. Charlotte Pence welcomed the satire and ultimately so did Regnery, her book's publisher. The book is an educational story explaining to children what the job of Vice President of the United States entails as seen through the eyes of the Pence family pet rabbit Marlon Bundo. The book was announced on the Instagram account dedicated to Marlon Bundo on September 15, 2017. Second Lady Karen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"partisan.\\\" When the success of both books became apparent, Regnery complimented John Oliver and Chronicle Books for their sales figures, adding: \\\"There's plenty to go around for everyone and, like Charlotte [Pence] said, we can all be happy the proceeds are going to a good cause.\\\" Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President is a 2018 children's book by Charlotte Pence as author and Karen Pence as illustrator. It details a fictional day in the life of Marlon Bundo, pet rabbit of Vice President of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic\",\n \"text\": \"President had been eliminated to later be recreated. In times when the office was eliminated, if the President was leaving the country, an acting President was designated, therefore creating the post of a second in command. For example the 30th President of the Dominican Republic, Carlos Felipe Morales, elected Ramón Cáceres to be his Vice President from 1903 until 1905. Then from 1905–1911, the previous Vice President Ramón Cáceres is elected as President and the office of the Vice President is eliminated during that time span. Also during the 31 year dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, the office of the Vice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11343572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Legislative Yuan\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of the Legislative Yuan The Vice President of the Legislative Yuan () is the deputy presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. The current Vice President is Tsai Chi-chang, a Democratic Progressive Party legislator representing the first district of Taichung. The Vice President is elected by and from among all members of the Yuan in a preparatory meeting held on the first reporting day of the first session of each Legislative Yuan, and he or she shall serve a term the same length as that of other members. In absent of the President, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19089902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"At the end of the day, Marlon joins the vice president in reading the Bible and praying before bed. One week after the book's launch date, Regnery Publishing reported that \\\"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\\\" was in its third printing, totaling more than 100,000 copies. \\\"Publisher's Weekly\\\" estimated the book had sold 26,000 copies as of May 11, 2018. The book has received a rating of 4.7/5 on its Amazon page, for an overall positive reception by its buyers. On its launch date, a number of one-star reviews with negative comments were left on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice-President of the European Commission\",\n \"text\": \"a percentage of the top civil service grade. Vice-Presidents are paid at 125% (€22,122.10 monthly), in comparison to 112.5% (€19,909.89) for normal Commissioners and 138% (€24,422.80) for the President. However, the Vice-President who is also the High Representative, is paid at 130% (€23,006.98). There are further allowances on top of these figures. The First Vice-President usually takes on the main role of a Vice-President: taking over from the President in their absence. The current First Vice-President is Frans Timmermans. The Previous First Vice-President was Catherine Ashton who was also the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9889107\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President\",\n \"text\": \"Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President is a 2018 children's book by Charlotte Pence as author and Karen Pence as illustrator. It details a fictional day in the life of Marlon Bundo, pet rabbit of Vice President of the United States Mike Pence, father of Charlotte and husband of Karen. The book sold well, with proceeds going to charity, and was well received by those who bought it. It received lukewarm reviews from professional critics, who praised the illustrations but found fault with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"Roosevelt raised the stature of the office by renewing the practice of inviting the vice president to cabinet meetings, which every president since has maintained. Roosevelt's first vice president, John Nance Garner, broke with him over the \\\"court-packing\\\" issue, early in his second term, and became Roosevelt's leading critic. At the start of that term, on January 20, 1937, Garner had been the first Vice President to be sworn into office on the Capitol steps in the same ceremony with the president; a tradition that continues. Prior to that time, vice presidents were traditionally inaugurated at a separate ceremony in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"same qualifications as the President which means he must be: The Vice President is elected in the same manner as, but separately from, the President. Both the President and the Vice President are elected by direct plurality vote where the candidate who garners the highest number of votes, whether a majority or not, wins the election. While candidates usually run in tandem for the offices of President and Vice President, under their own political parties, it is possible and not unusual for candidates from different parties to be elected as President and Vice President. The Vice President is barred from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Vietnam\",\n \"text\": \"the office of vice president to Deputy Chairman of the Council of State. Unlike the 1946, 1959 and the present constitution, the 1980 constitution did not mentioned what kind of authority the office of vice president had — for instance, it was not mentioned if a vice president would take the responsibilities of acting head of state if the head of state was incapacitated. In 1992, the name for the post of deputy chairman of the Council of State was reverted to its original name; vice president. South Vietnam, under its 1967 constitution, also had a Vice-President. Since 1992, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13621376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic\",\n \"text\": \"the inception of the Dominican Republic, the country was run by a Central Governing Junta led by Pedro Santana. As such, there was no need for a Vice President at the time. Yet, it is believed that the first Vice President of the Republic was Felipe Benicio Alfau Bustamante, who was elected as Acting Vice President by Pedro Santana. This was spurred because Santana was invited to go abroad yet the Republic had to be seen to in his absence. The Constitution of the Dominican Republic has been amended many times, and in some instances the office of the Vice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11343571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Indonesia\",\n \"text\": \"was now officially a Parliamentary Democracy and there was not a significant role for the Vice-President to play. On 1 December 1956, partly because of his differences with Sukarno, Hatta resigned from the Vice Presidency. For the next 17 years, the Vice Presidency remain vacant. In December 1965, there were calls for a Vice-President to be named to assist President Sukarno during the times of uncertainty. The idea did not gain momentum and the Vice Presidency continued to remain vacant as the Presidency passed over from Sukarno to General Suharto. In March 1973, the Vice Presidency vacancy was filled by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10421835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"this practice, awarding two electors to the statewide winner and one to the winner in each congressional district. On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, about six weeks after the election, the electors convene in their respective states (and in Washington D.C.) to vote for president and, on a separate ballot, for vice president. The certified results are opened and counted during a joint session of Congress, held in the first week of January. A candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes for vice president (currently 270 of 538) is declared the winner. Otherwise, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Clinton (vice president)\",\n \"text\": \"Bill of Rights. In the early 1790s, he emerged as a leader of the incipient Democratic-Republican Party, and Clinton served as the party's vice presidential candidate in the 1792 presidential election. Clinton received the third most electoral votes in the election, as President George Washington and Vice President John Adams both won re-election. Clinton did not seek re-election in 1795, but served as governor again from 1801 to 1805. He was the longest-serving governor in U.S. history until Terry Branstad surpassed his record in 2015. Clinton was again tapped as the Democratic-Republican vice presidential nominee in the 1804 election, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1311098\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Liberia\",\n \"text\": \"The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah. She began her term on January 22, 2018. Article 52 of the Constitution lays out the qualifications for candidates for vice president. To be eligible for office under the current Constitution, a vice presidential candidate must: Additionally, the vice president may not reside in the same county as the president. Under Article 63(b), the Vice President ascends to the presidency in the event of president's death, resignation, impeachment, or when the president is declared incapable of carrying out the duties of the office. In the event of ascension,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7020905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"the Vice President, but no such official order is known. Following the 1915 ceremony, Marshall asked to keep the flags, and they were given to him. A flag of this design, presumably either from 1915 or 1919, is housed at the Scottish Rite Masonic Cathedral in Fort Wayne, Indiana (Vice President Marshall's hometown). In 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued , which defined an official flag of the Vice President for the first time. The design was the same as the President's flag of the time, as specified in from 1916, except with the colors reversed (much like the 1915\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14097128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"during a visit from the President, and at the foremast if the Vice President was aboard. Subsequent regulations switched between the national flag and union jack for the honors, but the December 31, 1869 regulations reverted to the same honors as 1865. In March 1915, Vice President Thomas R. Marshall was sent to the Panama–Pacific International Exposition to represent President Wilson, which was to include a ceremony aboard a U.S. Navy ship. While most other high government officials had personal flags by this time, there was no such flag for the Vice President. Therefore, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14097121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Confederate States of America\",\n \"text\": \"first person in the line of succession. If the President died, resigned or was removed from office, the Vice President would become the new president for the remainder of his term. This never happened. During his tenure in office, Vice President Alexander Stephens grew increasingly distant from President Davis and spent less and less time in Richmond, the Confederate capital. He eventually spent much of his time trying, without success, to maintain diplomatic channels with the USA and pushed for a negotiated end to the war. He was sent by Davis to represent the Confederate government at the Hampton Roads\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7344237\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice president\",\n \"text\": \"specific business divisions (\\\"e.g.\\\", Vice President for Legal, Vice President for Sales and Marketing, Vice President for Finance, or Vice President for Human Resources). When there are several vice presidents in a company, these individuals are sometimes differentiated with titles denoting higher positions such as executive vice president and/or senior vice president with the remaining management team holding the title vice president. The title of assistant vice president or associate vice president is used in large organizations below vice president and there can be a very convoluted list of other types of VPs as seen in the next section. As\",\n \"psg_id\": \"626653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice-President of Ghana\",\n \"text\": \"of Ghana and to do right to all manner of persons. I further (solemnly swear) (solemnly affirm) that should I at any time break this oath of office, I shall submit myself to the laws of the Republic of Ghana and suffer the penalty for it. (So help me God).\\\" The duties of the vice-president of Ghana are: The Vice-President is also a member of Vice-President of Ghana The Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana is the second-highest executive official in Ghana. The vice-president, together with the President of Ghana, is directly elected by the people through popular vote to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17728800\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"the president. Two vice presidents have succeeded to the president upon the death of the president. Yen Chia-kan became president in 1975 upon the death of President Chiang Kai-shek and Lee Teng-hui became president in 1988 upon the death of President Chiang Ching-kuo. Yen stepped down as president three years later in favor of Chiang Ching-kuo Another, Li Tsung-jen, formally acted as president from 21 January 1949 to 1 March 1950. President Chiang Kai-shek had resigned amid heavy losses during the Chinese Civil War, but was unclear on whether he was resigning permanently, or simply wished to step down temporarily.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6820990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice president\",\n \"text\": \"in place of the president on the event of the president's death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as their running mate, or more rarely, appointed independently after the president's election. Most governments with vice presidents have one person in this role at any time, although in some countries there are two or more vice presidents–an extreme case being Iran's 12 vice presidents. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill their duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many presidential systems, the vice president\",\n \"psg_id\": \"626650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Clinton (vice president)\",\n \"text\": \"Anti-Federalist essays which appeared in New York newspapers during the ratification debates. However, the authorship of the essays is disputed. In the first U.S. presidential election, held from 1788 to 1789, many Anti-Federalists supported Clinton for the position of vice president. Federalists rallied around the candidacy of John Adams, and Adams finished second in the electoral vote behind George Washington, making Adams vice president. Clinton received just three electoral votes, partly because the New York legislature deadlocked and was unable to appoint a slate of electors. In the 1792 presidential election, he was chosen by the nascent Democratic-Republican Party as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1311108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"for the 19-gun salute and sent all of the items flying in the air.) The flag was used on at least one other occasion, in 1919. Due to President Wilson's recent stroke, Vice President Marshall once again needed to represent the President, hosting King Albert and Queen Elizabeth of Belgium (and their son, the Duke of Brabant) on their trip to Washington, D.C. from October 27 to 29, 1919. Part of the schedule involved a trip on the presidential yacht USS \\\"Mayflower\\\" from the Washington Navy Yard to Mount Vernon on the last day, so accordingly two flags (the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14097126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"City. The Vice President of the Philippines generally rides in a Mercedes Benz W140 S-Class, backed up by personnel from the Presidential Security Group. Vice President of the Philippines The Vice President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as \\\"Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas\\\") or in () is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President. The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. Previously, the Vice President of the Philippines held office at the Coconut Palace (located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex), the Philippine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"a U.S. Navy ship while the Vice President is aboard, and the Navy also prescribes several other flag sizes to use in various situations when the Vice President is present. Similarly, the Army prescribes use of the color (with fringe) or flag (without fringe) in different situations when the Vice President is present. The first official flag for the Vice President came in 1936, long after flags were designed for most other high government officials, though on two earlier occasions (1915 and 1919) a specially-designed, unofficial flag was used for the Vice President when he was representing the President at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14097119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"a dash connecting the two words. However, the person and office is usually referred to today without the dash, as the \\\"Vice President.\\\" The first known vice president claiming to be part of a government was Mariano Trías, whose term started on March 22, 1897. He was elected during the elections of the Tejeros Convention, and was later elected vice president of the Supreme Council that oversaw negotiations for the Biak na Bato pact in 1897. This Supreme Council had no sovereignty, did not govern any state, and was just used for bargaining with the Spanish. This council was replaced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Maldives\",\n \"text\": \"and 122 then goes on to describe the Responsibilities of the Vice President. As a result of these responsibilities, the Office of the Vice President and its duties are determined by the President. Under the current government, President Nasheed has charged the Vice President's office with implementing a plan to become Carbon Neutral by 2020, as well as to tackle a drug problem which affects more than half of the youth population. The first Vice President of the Maldives was Ibrahim Muhammad Didi of Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party, who was \\\"appointed\\\" to the position by President Mohamed Amin Didi (1 January\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12673072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of the Philippines The Vice President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as \\\"Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas\\\") or in () is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President. The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. Previously, the Vice President of the Philippines held office at the Coconut Palace (located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex), the Philippine National Bank Financial Center, and the Philippine International Convention Center (also located in the CCP Complex), all in Pasay, Metro Manila. Bearing similarities with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Office of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"included an \\\"office of the Vice President\\\" (who at the time was John Nance Garner), under the Executive Office of the President. Vice President Henry Wallace was given actual executive duties during World War II, as was Alben Barkley, who became a member of the National Security Council in 1949. The office of the vice president has been located in the Old Executive Office building since the 1950s, while the Vice President himself has been resident in the West Wing since 1977. Office of the Vice President of the United States The Office of the Vice President includes personnel who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13148771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"presidential nomination at the convention. Of the thirteen presidential elections from 1956 to 2004, nine featured the incumbent president; the other four (1960, 1968, 1988, 2000) all featured the incumbent vice president. Former vice presidents also ran in 1984 (Walter Mondale) and in 1968 (Richard Nixon, against the incumbent vice president, Hubert Humphrey). The presidential election of 2008 was the first presidential election since 1928 that saw neither an incumbent president nor an incumbent or former vice president take part in any primary or general election for the presidency on a major party ticket. Nixon is the only vice president\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449710\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"of the United States) the privilege of addressing the Senate, without granting a similar privilege to the sitting vice president. Thus, \\\"Time\\\" magazine wrote in 1925, during the tenure of Vice President Charles G. Dawes, \\\"once in four years the Vice President can make a little speech, and then he is done. For four years he then has to sit in the seat of the silent, attending to speeches ponderous or otherwise, of deliberation or humor.\\\" As President of the Senate he may also preside over most of the impeachment trials of federal officers. However, whenever the President of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"by a vote of 27 to 85 in the United States House of Representatives. A second proposed amendment, introduced by United States Senator James Hillhouse in 1808 was also defeated. During the late-1860s and 1870s, five additional amendments were proposed. One supporter of the proposals, James Mitchell Ashley, opined that the office of Vice President was \\\"superfluous\\\" and dangerous. Garret Hobart, the first vice president under William McKinley, was one of the very few vice presidents at this time who played an important role in the administration. A close confidant and adviser of the president, Hobart was called \\\"Assistant President.\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Maldives\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of the Maldives Vice President of the Maldives is the holder of a public office created by the Constitution of the Maldives. The current office-holder is Faisal Naseem, since 17 November 2018. Ibrahim Muhammad Didi was the first Vice President, and was an appointee, while Mohammed Waheed Hassan was the first elected Vice President. The Vice President is the first in the line of succession to the Presidency in the event of the President's death, resignation, or removal from office. The post of the Vice President are described in article 112 of the constitution as follows: Articles 117\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12673071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice-President of the European Commission\",\n \"text\": \"Policy. Legend: – – Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice-President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is \\\"ex officio\\\" the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, with the others being appointed at the discretion of the Commission President. Any Vice-President occupies this role in addition to the usual portfolio as Commissioner. Although the post of Vice-President gives little extra power, it is seen as important in appointments. Commission\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9889108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice president\",\n \"text\": \"many of these VPs have minimal employees reporting to them, their necessity has been questioned, with for example Inc Magazine arguing to flatten the corporate hierarchy. Similarly, as universities have adopted a corporate structure there is concern over administrative bloat and over paying VPs. Some commentators have even claimed the proliferation of VPs and other administrators is destroying universities. \\\"Corporate vice president\\\" is an older term that usually denotes a vice president that is named as a corporate officer by the board of directors. Not all vice presidents in a company in the modern business environment are named as an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"626654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress\",\n \"text\": \"United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress The United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President, and Representatives in Congress is a former standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee was established in 1893 with jurisdiction over legislation concerning the election of the officials enumerated in its title, including proposed changes to the Constitution that affected the terms of office of the named officials, the succession to the offices of the President and Vice President, the direct election of Senators, and the meeting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7755241\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice-President of the European Commission\",\n \"text\": \"Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice-President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is \\\"ex officio\\\" the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, with the others being appointed at the discretion of the Commission President. Any Vice-President occupies this role in addition to the usual portfolio as Commissioner. Although the post of Vice-President gives little extra power, it is seen as important in appointments. Commission salaries are set as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9889106\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Russia\",\n \"text\": \"elected vice president. The vice president shall not be people's deputy, or hold any other offices in state or public bodies as well as in businesses. The vice president was elected simultaneously with the president. A candidate for vice president was nominated by a candidate for president. The vice president executed individual assignments on a commission of the president and acted for the president in his absence or in case when it would be impossible for the president to attend to his duties. Following 1993 Russian constitutional crisis the office was abolished. The position of the Prime Minister of Russia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11934310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"President George W. Bush's closest confidants. Al Gore was an important adviser to President Bill Clinton on matters of foreign policy and the environment. Under the American system of government the president is both head of state and head of government, and the ceremonial duties of the former position are often delegated to the vice president. The vice president will on occasion represent the president and the U.S. government at state funerals abroad, or at various events in the United States. This often is the most visible role of the vice president. The vice president may also meet with other\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"Congressional Joint Resolution No. 4 series. Prior to the raise, the monthly salary was around ₱100,000. The salary of the Vice President is determined by Congress and the pay cannot be reduced during his tenure. Any increase approved during his tenure can only take effect after such tenure. Historically, the Vice President was not given an official residence. However, the Vice President also held office along with the President at the Executive Building (now Kalayaan Hall) in the complex of Malacañang Palace from 1935 until 1972, when the position was abolished under martial law and the 1973 Constitution. When the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"anticipated that the vice president would not always be available to fulfil this responsibility, the Constitution provides that the Senate may elect a President pro tempore (or \\\"president for a time\\\") in order to maintain the proper ordering of the legislative process. In practice, since the early 20th century, the President of the Senate rarely presides, nor does the President pro tempore. He regularly delegates the task to other Senate members. Rule XIX, which governs debate, does not authorize the vice president to participate in debate, and grants only to members of the Senate (and, upon appropriate notice, former presidents\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Abkhazia\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President. The Vice President shall not be member of the Parliament, or hold any other offices in state or public bodies as well as in businesses. The Vice President is elected simultaneously with the President. A candidate for Vice President is nominated by a candidate for President. The Vice-President executes individual assignments on a commission of the President and acts for the President in his absence or in case when it is impossible for the President to attend to his duties. On 25 December 2013, Mikhail Logua announced his resignation as Vice President for health reasons. Vice President of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9588979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"joint sessions of Congress. The vice president is indirectly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office by the people of the United States through the Electoral College. Section 2 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, ratified in 1967, created a mechanism for intra-term vice presidential succession, establishing that vice presidential vacancies will be filled by the president and confirmed by both houses of Congress. Previously, whenever a vice president had succeeded to the presidency or had died or resigned from office, the vice presidency remained vacant until the next presidential and vice presidential terms began. The vice president\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"two-thirds vote to convict. No vice president has ever been impeached. The vice president's salary is $230,700. The salary was set by the 1989 Government Salary Reform Act, which also provides an automatic cost of living adjustment for federal employees. The vice president does not automatically receive a pension based on that office, but instead receives the same pension as other members of Congress based on his position as President of the Senate. The vice president must serve a minimum of two years to qualify for a pension. The home of the vice president was only designated in 1974, when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"the Senate chamber. Gerald R. Ford and Nelson A. Rockefeller, who were both appointed to the office under the terms of the 25th amendment, were inaugurated in the House and Senate chambers, respectively. Henry Wallace, Roosevelt's vice president during his third term (1941–1945), was given major responsibilities during World War II. However, after numerous policy disputes between Wallace and other Roosevelt Administration and Democratic Party officials, he was denied renomination to office at the 1944 Democratic National Convention. Harry Truman was selected instead. During his day vice presidency, Truman was not informed about any war or post-war plans, including the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John A. Curry\",\n \"text\": \"One\\\" was published in 2009. Curry currently resides in Saugus, Massachusetts with his wife Marcia. John A. Curry John A. Curry (born May 12, 1934) was the President of Northeastern University from 1989 to 1996. Prior to serving as President, Curry was the University's Executive Vice President. Curry is the first alumnus to serve as Northeastern's President. Curry grew up in the city of Lynn, Massachusetts and graduated from Lynn English High School where he is a member of the Lynn English sport's hall of fame. After receiving both his bachelor's and master's degree from Northeastern University, Curry went on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10188974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"undergoing medical procedures, which were done under sedationVice President Dick Cheney was acting president for approximately two hours on each occasion. The extent of any informal roles and functions of the vice president depend on the specific relationship between the president and the vice president, but often include tasks such as drafter and spokesperson for the administration's policies, adviser to the president, and being a symbol of American concern or support. The influence of the vice president in this role depends almost entirely on the characteristics of the particular administration. Dick Cheney, for instance, was widely regarded as one of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"(it is still the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio in official protocol to this day), which was given to Vice President Elpidio Quirino. Vice President Fernando Lopez declined the Foreign Affairs portfolio when he became Quirino's Vice President in 1949. However, Vice Presidents Carlos P. Garcia and Emmanuel Pelaez also held the Foreign Affairs portfolio, a tradition revived in the Fifth Republic, with Vice Presidents Salvador Laurel and Teofisto Guingona, Jr. holding the Foreign Affairs portfolio. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo served as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development. Other Cabinet positions with no Secretary title was given to Joseph Estrada as Chairman of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"should become vacant, the Vice President shall succeed until the expiration of the original presidential term. In case the office of both the President and the Vice President should become vacant, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. In case the President should be unable to attend to office due to any cause, the Vice President shall act for the President. In case both the President and the Vice President should be unable to attend to office, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. After the Vice President succeeds as president, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6820988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"Flag of the Vice President of the United States The Flag of the Vice President of the United States consists of the vice presidential coat of arms on a white background, with four dark blue stars in the corners. A version of the flag is kept in the Vice President's office, is sometimes displayed by the Vice President in official photos, and is flown on the Vice President's motorcade. The first official flag for the Vice President was specified in 1936, although a special design was used at least twice during the 1910s. The flag has shared the same design\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14097112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice president\",\n \"text\": \"clubs) one or multiple vice presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: 1st vice president, 2nd vice president, and so on). In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: Vice President of Operations, Finance, etc. In some associations the first vice president can be interchangeable with executive vice president and the remaining vice presidents are ranked in order\",\n \"psg_id\": \"626657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice-President of Burundi\",\n \"text\": \"of two posts: The 1st vice-president (Responsible for political and administrative affairs) and the 2nd vice-president (Responsible for economic and social affairs). A new transitional power-sharing government took office on 1 November 2001. Interim president Pierre Buyoya became transitional president for a period of 18 months. At the end of his term in 2003, Hutu Vice-President Domitien Ndayizeye took office and appointed a Tutsi (Alphonse-Marie Kadege) as vice-president. In November 2004, Kadege was sacked as vice-president and replaced by Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro. Although Ndayizeye's term was due to end in late 2004 following elections, the transitional period was extended and planned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5742524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice president\",\n \"text\": \"Vice president A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the Latin \\\"vice\\\" meaning \\\"in place of\\\". In some countries, the vice president is called the \\\"deputy president\\\". In everyday speech, the abbreviation \\\"VP\\\" can be used. In government, a vice president is a person whose primary responsibility is to act\",\n \"psg_id\": \"626649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"don't know how somebody who's in second place is offering vice presidency to the person who's in first place\\\". Obama stated that the nomination process would have to be a choice between himself and Clinton, saying \\\"I don't want anybody here thinking that 'Somehow, maybe I can get both'\\\", by nominating Clinton as president and assuming he would be her running mate\\\". Some suggested that it was a ploy by the Clinton campaign to denigrate Obama as less qualified for the presidency. Later, when Obama became the presumptive Democratic nominee, former President Jimmy Carter cautioned against Clinton being picked for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"office of Vice President remains vacant for the remainder of the term. Aside from succeeding the president in the case of death, resignation, or impeachment of the president, and acting as president in the event the president becomes incapacitated, the vice president holds little formal power in the government. Until 1996, the vice president was elected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China. Beginning in the 1996 election, the vice president has been elected through a direct popular vote of citizens with household registration in the \\\"Free Area of the Republic of China\\\" on the same ticket as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6820989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"as Vice President. Within a week after Tolentino's oath, the People Power Revolution resulted in the collapse of the Marcos regime. On February 25, 1986 Corazon Aquino and Salvador H. Laurel were sworn in as President and Vice President. The office of Vice President was abolished and not included in the original version of the 1973 Constitution. It was, however, reinstated in subsequent amendments, just before the snap elections in 1986 that led to the People Power Revolution that installed Corazon Aquino into the Presidency. Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution mandates that the Vice President must bear the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"being impeached by the Control Yuan for \\\"failure to carry out duties due to illegal conduct.\\\" Due to the relative lack of formal power of the position, it has been coupled in the past with the office of the premier of the Republic of China. Vice presidents Chen Cheng, Yen Chia-kan, and Lien Chan all served as premier concurrently as vice president during part of their terms, and vice president Annette Lu has at times been mentioned as a possible candidate for premiership. Standard of the Vice President of the Republic of China was instituted in \\\"Act of Ensign of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6820992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"Who determined the existence of an inability? Did a vice president become president for the rest of the presidential term in the case of an inability; or was the vice president merely \\\"acting as President\\\"? During the 19th and first half of the 20th century several presidents experienced periods of severe illness, physical disability or injury, some lasting for weeks or months. During these times, even though the nation needed effective presidential leadership, no vice president wanted to seem like a usurper, and so power was never transferred. After President Dwight D. Eisenhower openly addressed his health issues and made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Planet for the President\",\n \"text\": \"developments is a thoroughly hypocritical society. Vince Lennox, for example, who frequently has to eat cheeseburgers with his boss, does not dare admit to the President that he is actually a vegetarian. Various celebrities publicly support the campaigns for moral integrity and sexual abstinence while behind closed doors indulging in pornography, promiscuity and all kinds of perversions. The President himself, whose son comes out during a live television broadcast, more and more often locks himself in his private study adjacent to the Oval Office to \\\"be alone with his God\\\", a phrase which is very soon recognized by everyone on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6402335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"later, with no such position existing during the country's declaration of independence in 1898, which had a dictatorial government. Officially, the country's first actual republic was founded in 1899, and it too had no vice president. Trias instead served in the cabinets of Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno, as finance minister and war minister, respectively. Trias is not considered a Philippine Vice President as the Supreme Council did not proclaim any sovereign state. The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines established the position of Vice President, and may be appointed by the President to a cabinet position. The first person elected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Suriname\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of Suriname Vice President of Suriname () is the second-highest political position in Suriname, after the President. The President and the Vice President are elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms. The position of Vice President was created in the Constitution of 1987, when the position of Prime Minister of Suriname was abolished. The Vice President is charged with the day-to-day management of the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the President. Ashwin Adhin has been the incumbent Vice President of Suriname since August 12, 2015. The powers of the President are exercised by the Vice-President:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13099674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Suriname\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of Suriname Vice President of Suriname () is the second-highest political position in Suriname, after the President. The President and the Vice President are elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms. The position of Vice President was created in the Constitution of 1987, when the position of Prime Minister of Suriname was abolished. The Vice President is charged with the day-to-day management of the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the President. Ashwin Adhin has been the incumbent Vice President of Suriname since August 12, 2015. The powers of the President are exercised by the Vice-President:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13099673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic\",\n \"text\": \"President was eliminated or vacated on several occasions. Since 1966, which is considered the beginning of the 4th Republic, the office of the Vice President of the Dominican Republic has been a permanent post. Also, the Vice President has to be elected along with the President, not appointed by the latter. Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11343573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"United States is on trial, the Constitution requires that the Chief Justice of the United States must preside. This stipulation was designed to avoid the possible conflict of interest in having the vice president preside over the trial for the removal of the one official standing between him and the presidency. Curiously, the framers made no mention of who would preside in the instance where the vice president is the officer impeached; thus leaving a loophole whereby a vice president, as President of the Senate, could preside at their own impeachment trial. The Twelfth Amendment, like the superseded Article II\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"to the position of Vice President under the constitution was Sergio Osmeña. Elected together with Manuel L. Quezon in the first Philippine national elections, Osmena was given the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio with inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in November 1935. Prior to independence in 1946, that cabinet portfolio was Secretary of Public Instruction, which had once been reserved only for the Vice Governor-General (an American). Vice President Osmena held that position from 1935–1939, and a similar portfolio in the War Cabinet during World War II. After independence, the highest-ranking cabinet position became that of Secretary of Foreign Affairs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice president\",\n \"text\": \"club specifically provide of the Officer title of President-Elect, that officer would assume the powers and duties of the president upon vacancy of that office only if specified in the bylaws. Vice president A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the Latin \\\"vice\\\" meaning \\\"in place of\\\". In some countries,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"626659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Costa Rica\",\n \"text\": \"of the 1871 Constitution, Costa Rica returned to the system of Designates to the Presidency, but with three designates, elected by the Legislature for same four-year period as the President of the Republic. In accordance with the Costa Rican constitution of 7 November 1949 there are two vice presidents, popularly elected at the same time as the president. Vice President of Costa Rica The 1949 Constitution of Costa Rica established two Vice-Presidencies of Costa Rica, which are directly elected through a popular vote on a ticket with the president for a period of four years, with no immediate re-election. There\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11789881\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"new office imposed a political cost on strategically discarded electoral votes, incentivizing electors to make their choices for president without resort to electoral gamesmanship and to cast their second ballot accordingly. The resultant method of electing the president and vice president, spelled out in , allocated to each state a number of electors equal to the combined total of its Senate and House of Representatives membership. Each elector was allowed to vote for two people for president (rather than for both president and vice president), but could not differentiate between their first and second choice for the presidency. The person\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449664\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John A. Curry\",\n \"text\": \"John A. Curry John A. Curry (born May 12, 1934) was the President of Northeastern University from 1989 to 1996. Prior to serving as President, Curry was the University's Executive Vice President. Curry is the first alumnus to serve as Northeastern's President. Curry grew up in the city of Lynn, Massachusetts and graduated from Lynn English High School where he is a member of the Lynn English sport's hall of fame. After receiving both his bachelor's and master's degree from Northeastern University, Curry went on to earn his Doctor of Education from Boston University. Curry is the husband of Marcia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10188972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Azerbaijan\",\n \"text\": \"vice president. In terms of resignation of the President from his/her post ahead of time, extraordinary presidential elections should be held within 60 days. In this case, powers of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is exercised by the First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan until the new President of the Republic is elected. If the First Vice-President, who is acting as the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, resigns, or is incapacitated due to health problems, the status of First Vice President passes to the Vice President of Azerbaijan in a specified sequence. Vice President of Azerbaijan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20028848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"in the OEOB has since been designated the \\\"Ceremonial Office of the Vice President\\\" and is today used for formal events and press interviews. President Jimmy Carter was the first president to give his vice president, Walter Mondale, an office in the West Wing of the White House, which all vice presidents have since retained. Because of their function as Presidents of the Senate, vice presidents still maintain offices and staff members on Capitol Hill. Though Walter Mondale's tenure was the beginning of the modern day power of the vice presidency, the tenure of Dick Cheney saw a rapid growth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seal of the Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"many seals for the government, and would make one for the President a few years later). The letter also indicates that the vice presidential seal was not new at the time. Only one impression of an early vice presidential seal has been found, that on the envelope of a January 26, 1850 letter from Vice President Millard Fillmore to the Chairman of the Senate Committee of Post Offices and Post Roads concerning the nomination of a postmaster. The seal was of red wax, and about the size of a nickel (which is ). The central design is basically a version\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14097102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"heads of state at times when the administration wishes to demonstrate concern or support but cannot send the president personally. To be Constitutionally eligible to serve as the nation's vice president, a person must, according to the Twelfth Amendment, meet the eligibility requirements to become president (which are stated in ). Thus, to serve as vice president, an individual must: A person who meets the above qualifications is still disqualified from holding the office of vice president under the following conditions: Though the vice president does not need to have any political experience, most major-party vice presidential nominees are current\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Chile\",\n \"text\": \"only a title for the first in the order of succession to discharge the duties of the president in case of temporary impediment or vacancy. The Vice President, in the performance of his duties, has all the powers that the Constitution confers on the President of the Republic. Vice President of Chile Vice President of Chile was a political position in Chile from 1826 to 1833. In 1826, jointly with the establishment of the title of President of the Republic, the position of Vice President was created, whose function was to replace the President in the cases of illness, absence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20613107\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Colombia\",\n \"text\": \"Interior. Marta Lucía Ramírez is the current vice president. The vice president must be a natural-born citizen of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The Colombian Constitution of 1991 requires the vice president to meet the same eligibility requirements as the president that can be re-elected. It is also eligible for an unlimited number of terms as vice president. The vice president has the same period of functions that the President of Colombia and will replace him in case of temporary or complete absences. The vice president can also be authorized by the president special missions (like to represent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9796457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"serving more than two consecutive terms. The Vice President is first in the presidential line of succession. The Constitution provides several circumstances where the Vice President (or the Vice President-elect) shall assume the Presidency or serve as acting President. There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation: The Vice President is paid ₱353,476 (approximately US$7,080) per month and ₱ 4,241,640 per annum as of July 1 2016 by virtue of Executive Order No. 201 series of 2016 as authorized by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5588585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"goal of vice presidential candidate selection is to help and not hurt the party's chances of getting elected; nonetheless, several vice presidential selections have been controversial. In 1984, Democratic nominee Walter Mondale's groundbreaking choice of Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate (the first woman in U.S. history nominated for Vice President by a major political party), became a drag on the ticket due to repeated questions about her husband's finances. A selection whose positive traits make the presidential candidate look less favorable in comparison or which can cause the presidential candidate's judgment to be questioned often backfire, such as in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"The holders of the office have all been individuals with a degree of political clout. Vice President Li Yuanchao was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China until 2017, but not the Standing Committee. His successor, Wang Qishan, was a retired member of the Standing Committee at the time of his ascension. Vice President of the People's Republic of China The Vice President of the People's Republic of China (; abbreviated ), formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, is a senior position in the government of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7729934\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Liberia\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of Liberia The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six-year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7020904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"three-story Queen Anne style mansion was built in 1893 on the grounds of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., to serve as residence for the superintendent of the Observatory. In 1923, the residence was reassigned to be the home of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), which it was until it was turned over to the office of the vice president fifty years later. In recent decades, the vice presidency has frequently been used as a platform to launch bids for the presidency. The transition of the office to its modern stature occurred primarily as a result of Franklin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449708\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"Senate must meet to elect a vice president using a contingent election procedure in which senators, casting votes individually, choose between the two candidates who received the most electoral votes for vice president. For a candidate to win, he or she must receive votes from an absolute majority of senators (currently 51 of 100). There has been only one vice presidential contingent election since the Twelfth Amendment was ratified. It occurred on February 8, 1837, after no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes cast for vice president in the 1836 election. By a 33–17 vote, Richard M. Johnson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"449701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Students for a Democratic Society\",\n \"text\": \"Todd Gitlin of Harvard University was made president. Some continuity was preserved by retaining Paul Booth as Vice President. The search began for something to challenge the idealistic, budding activists. SDS New School in the building of the Presidio Hills School, 3839 Washington St., in San Francisco was founded in January 1964 by Saul Landau, Alvin Duskin (former president of Emerson College), Paul Jacobs, Carl Werthman (sociologist), Ronnie Davis (a playwright and director), Mike Miller (SNCC), and Bob Scheer. It was at this time that the Black Power Movement was first gaining some momentum (although Stokely Carmichael would make the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17344757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Maldives\",\n \"text\": \"President Gayoom on 7 August 2008, the post of Vice President was once again created with the duties described above. Under the new constitution, Dr. Mohammed Waheed Hassan of the Gaumee Itthihaad Party became the first \\\"elected\\\" Vice President of Maldives and was sworn into office on November 11, 2008. Mohamed Nasheed was elected into office as the President of the Maldives and together they effectively ended the 30 year rule of then Asia's longest serving ruler President Gayoom. Dr. Waheed was the senior most Maldivian in the United Nations when he retired from it in June 2008, in order\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12673074\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["martin luther king junior county, washington","king county, washington","king county, wa","martin luther king county","king county","king county, washington","king county (washington)","king county, wa"],"string":"[\n \"martin luther king junior county, washington\",\n \"king county, washington\",\n \"king county, wa\",\n \"martin luther king county\",\n \"king county\",\n \"king county, washington\",\n \"king county (washington)\",\n \"king county, wa\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78290,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"a mere 2,134 feet shorter than mt. rainier, what is the second tallest peak in washington?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"of Colorado John Hickenlooper. After the 2015 restoration of the original name <q>Denali</q> to Mount McKinley in Alaska, debate over Mount Rainier's name intensified. Mount Rainier is the tallest mountain in Washington and the Cascade Range. This peak is located just east of Eatonville and just southeast of Seattle and Tacoma. Mount Rainier is ranked third of the 128 ultra-prominent mountain peaks of the United States. Mount Rainier has a topographic prominence of , which is greater than that of K2, the world's second-tallest mountain, at . On clear days it dominates the southeastern horizon in most of the Seattle-Tacoma","psg_id":"12956913"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"the dramatic Willis Wall. Liberty Cap has a prominence of , and so would qualify as a separate peak under most strictly prominence-based rules. A prominence cutoff of is commonly used in Washington state. High on the eastern flank of Mount Rainier is a peak known as Little Tahoma Peak, , an eroded remnant of the earlier, much higher, Mount Rainier. It has a prominence of , and it is almost never climbed in direct conjunction with Columbia Crest, so it is usually considered a separate peak. If considered separately from Mt. Rainier, Little Tahoma Peak would be the third","psg_id":"12956917"},{"title":"Pinnacle Peak (Washington)","text":"Pinnacle Peak (Washington) Pinnacle Peak, is a 6,562 ft (2,000 m) peak located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. It is the second highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. There is also another Pinnacle Peak near Enumclaw, Washington, roughly 30 miles to the northwest. The trail to the saddle and summit has views of Rainier. Some scrambling and rock climbing is needed to attain the summit. The Castle is situated 0.2 mile to the east. Pinnacle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific","psg_id":"9200533"},{"title":"Pinnacle Peak (Washington)","text":"tends to be wet and heavy. Pinnacle Peak (Washington) Pinnacle Peak, is a 6,562 ft (2,000 m) peak located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. It is the second highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. There is also another Pinnacle Peak near Enumclaw, Washington, roughly 30 miles to the northwest. The trail to the saddle and summit has views of Rainier. Some scrambling and rock climbing is needed to attain the summit. The Castle is situated 0.2 mile to the east. Pinnacle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most","psg_id":"9200535"},{"title":"Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington)","text":"along a gravel road and trail, with a couple views looking south to Mount Rainier and west to Buckley, Washington. On a busy weekend the trails will see 300-400 visitors per day. It’s a popular hike for locals and those in training to climb Mt. Rainier. The summit is tree-covered so no views, but remnants of the concrete footings for the lookout are still there, as well as a USGS benchmark. There are budgeted plans for rebuilding the lookout so that there will again be views from the top. Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington) Pinnacle Peak, also known as Mount","psg_id":"20854251"},{"title":"Glacier Peak","text":"the area. Local Native Americans have recognized Glacier Peak and other Washington volcanoes in their histories and stories. When American explorers reached the region, they learned basic information about surrounding landforms, but did not initially understand that Glacier Peak was a volcano. Positioned in Snohomish County, the volcano is only northeast of Seattle. The other volcano closer to Seattle is Mount Rainier, but as Glacier Peak is set farther into the Cascades and almost shorter, it is less noticeable than Mount Rainier. Glacier Peak is one of the most active of Washington's volcanoes. The volcano formed during the Pleistocene epoch,","psg_id":"2654226"},{"title":"Rainier Square Tower","text":"Rainier Square Tower Rainier Square Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in the Metropolitan Tract of Downtown Seattle, Washington that is currently under construction. The tall, 58-story tower will be located at Union Street between 4th and 5th Avenues adjacent to the existing Rainier Tower, and will be the second-tallest building in Seattle upon completion. The $600 million project is scheduled to be completed by 2020, and will be the tallest building constructed in the city since 1985. The University of Washington, which owns the Metropolitan Tract, announced their intent to redevelop the Rainier Square shopping center in late 2013. The","psg_id":"20102637"},{"title":"Washington (state)","text":"winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range has several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains. From north to south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. All are active volcanoes. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is south of the city of Seattle, from which it is prominently visible. The USGS considers Mt. Rainier the most dangerous volcano in the Cascade Range, due to its proximity to the Seattle metropolitan area, and most dangerous in the continental U.S. according","psg_id":"10831148"},{"title":"Eagle Peak (Washington)","text":"Eagle Peak (Washington) Eagle Peak is a summit on the west end of the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It's located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, and immediately east of Longmire. Eagle Peak was originally known as \"Simlayshe\", a Native American word meaning \"eagle\". George Longmire anglicized the name to Eagle Peak. The four mile Eagle Peak Trail leads to views of Mount Rainier. The summit of Eagle Peak requires scrambling. Precipitation runoff on the peak drains into the Nisqually River. Eagle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate","psg_id":"20798616"},{"title":"Mount Rainier National Park","text":"Mount Rainier National Park Mount Rainier National Park is an American national park located in southeast Pierce County and northeast Lewis County in Washington state. The park was established on March 2, 1899 as the fifth national park in the United States, preserving including all of Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano. The mountain rises abruptly from the surrounding land with elevations in the park ranging from 1,600 feet to over 14,000 feet (490 - 4,300 m). The highest point in the Cascade Range, Mount Rainier is surrounded by valleys, waterfalls, subalpine meadows, and of old-growth forest. More than 25 glaciers descend","psg_id":"1585994"},{"title":"Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington)","text":"Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington) Pinnacle Peak, also known as Mount Peak, is a 1,801 ft forest-covered summit located in King County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is set at the western edge of the range, immediately south of Enumclaw, Washington and 25 miles northwest of Mount Rainier. There is also another summit named Pinnacle Peak in the Tatoosh Range to the south of Mount Rainier. First called \"Mount Pete\" for Pete Chorak, an early Enumclaw settler, \"Pete\" became misheard as \"Peak\", and the name \"Mount Peak\" received some followers. A former fire lookout","psg_id":"20854247"},{"title":"Rainier, Washington","text":"Rainier, Washington Rainier is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. Beginning as a train stop in the 1870s, Rainier was first settled in 1890, and was officially incorporated in 1947. The population was 1,794 at the 2010 census. Rainier began in the 1870s as a stop on the Northern Pacific Railroad line between Kalama, Washington and Tacoma. Situated amidst the ‘ten al quelth’ prairies – Lushootseed for \"the best yet\" – it was named for its view of Mount Rainier. In 1890, Albert and Maria Gehrke were the first permanent settlers to homestead in Rainier; later that year","psg_id":"1247493"},{"title":"Eagle Peak (Washington)","text":"During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Eagle Peak (Washington) Eagle Peak is a summit on the west end of the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It's located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, and immediately east of Longmire. Eagle Peak was originally known as \"Simlayshe\", a Native American word","psg_id":"20798618"},{"title":"Rainier, Washington","text":"annual events. In August, Rainier Roundup Days include a community parade and a bluegrass music festival. Also in August, the Rainier Community & Alumni Celebration is held to honor all past & present residents of Rainier. The community regularly hosts Relay for Life, during which, over an 18-hour time frame, participants walk around the high school track to raise money for the American Cancer Society. Rainier, Washington Rainier is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. Beginning as a train stop in the 1870s, Rainier was first settled in 1890, and was officially incorporated in 1947. The population was","psg_id":"1247507"},{"title":"Antler Peak (Washington)","text":"influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Antler Peak (Washington) Antler Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. Antler Peak is situated west of Dege Peak and northeast of Sunrise Historic District, with the Sourdough Ridge Trail traversing the south slope of Antler between the two. Mount Fremont is its nearest higher peak, to the west. Precipitation runoff from Antler Peak drains into the White River. Antler Peak is located in the","psg_id":"20837250"},{"title":"Antler Peak (Washington)","text":"Antler Peak (Washington) Antler Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. Antler Peak is situated west of Dege Peak and northeast of Sunrise Historic District, with the Sourdough Ridge Trail traversing the south slope of Antler between the two. Mount Fremont is its nearest higher peak, to the west. Precipitation runoff from Antler Peak drains into the White River. Antler Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate","psg_id":"20837248"},{"title":"McNeeley Peak (Washington)","text":"McNeeley Peak (Washington) McNeeley Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. McNeeley Peak is situated north of the Sunrise Historic District, east of Mount Fremont, and northwest of Antler Peak. The peak was named in 1932 for Edwin J. McNeeley (born 1858), a prominent Tacoma businessman. Access is limited by snow closing the Sunrise Road much of the year. July, August, and September are typically the months when the Sunrise Road is seasonally open for vehicle traffic. Precipitation","psg_id":"20837451"},{"title":"McNeeley Peak (Washington)","text":"due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. McNeeley Peak (Washington) McNeeley Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. McNeeley Peak is situated north of the Sunrise Historic District, east of Mount Fremont, and northwest of Antler Peak. The peak was named in 1932 for","psg_id":"20837453"},{"title":"Rainier Mountaineering","text":"Rainier Mountaineering RMI Expeditions, also known as Rainier Mountaineering Inc. (RMI), is a mountain guide company based in Ashford, Washington. It leads mountaineering trips on Mt. Rainier and the Seven Summits as well as ski mountaineering and ice climbing trips. The company was founded in 1969 by Jerry Lynch and Lou Whittaker. RMI is owned and operated by Peter Whittaker, the son of Lou Whittaker and the nephew of Jim Whittaker, who was the first American mountaineer to successfully reach the summit of Mt. Everest. Peter Whittaker has been at the head of RMI since the late 1990s. RMI is","psg_id":"17943611"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"highest mountain peak in Washington. Mount Rainier is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc that consists of lava flows, debris flows, and pyroclastic ejecta and flows. Its early volcanic deposits are estimated at more than 840,000 years old and are part of the Lily Formation (about 2.9 million to 840,000 years ago). The early deposits formed a \"proto-Rainier\" or an ancestral cone prior to the present-day cone. The present cone is more than 500,000 years old. The volcano is highly eroded, with glaciers on its slopes, and appears to be made mostly of andesite. Rainier likely once stood even","psg_id":"12956918"},{"title":"Marriott Rivercenter","text":"Marriott Rivercenter Marriott Rivercenter is a hotel located in San Antonio, Texas, USA. At a tip height of 546 feet (166 meters), the 38-floor hotel is the tallest building and second tallest structure in the city (the Tower of the Americas is taller). It is also the tallest hotel in Texas outside of Dallas. Its roof height, however, is 441 feet (134 meters), 3 feet shorter than the Weston Centre. The hotel, which was completed in 1988, is located across the Riverwalk from the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center and overlooks the Rivercenter lagoon, an expansion branch of the famous","psg_id":"13464204"},{"title":"Double Peak (Washington)","text":"Double Peak (Washington) Double Peak is the descriptive name of a double summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. Part of the Cascade Range, it is situated northwest of Shriner Peak, south of Governors Ridge, and southeast of the Cowlitz Chimneys. Double Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in","psg_id":"20841367"},{"title":"Double Peak (Washington)","text":"the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Precipitation runoff from Double Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Double Peak (Washington) Double Peak is the descriptive name of a double summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington","psg_id":"20841368"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"Mount Rainier Mount Rainier (pronounced: ), also known as Tahoma or Tacoma, is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, and the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a large active stratovolcano located south-southeast of Seattle, in the Mount Rainier National Park. It is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc, with a summit elevation of . Mt. Rainier is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, and it is on the Decade Volcano list. Because of its large amount of","psg_id":"12956909"},{"title":"Little Tahoma Peak","text":"from Summerland, an alpine meadow area in Mount Rainier National Park. The first recorded ascent was on August 29, 1894 by JB Flett and Henry H. Garrison who climbed from Summerland using the east shoulder. If considered on its own, Little Tahoma would be the third-highest peak in Washington. Little Tahoma Peak Little Tahoma Peak, also called Little Tahoma, is a satellite peak of Mount Rainier in Pierce County, Washington and in Mount Rainier National Park. It is quite noticeable from Seattle over away. Little Tahoma Peak is a volcanic remnant. It was part of a larger Mount Rainier which","psg_id":"4482387"},{"title":"Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum","text":"Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum The Mt. Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum or MRRR, formerly the Mt. Rainier Scenic Railroad (MRSR), is a steam-powered heritage railroad operating in the U.S. state of Washington between Elbe and Mineral. The railroad travels on tracks that pass through thick forest just south of Mount Rainier. The depot, gift shop and ticket office are located in Elbe. The train travels to the new Logging Museum exhibits located in Mineral. The MRRR runs its collection of vintage rail equipment over seven miles of track, part of Tacoma Rail's Mountain Division. The railroad currently has","psg_id":"6127623"},{"title":"Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum","text":"MRSR and its tourist operations, nor the availability of the route to commercial shipment. In mid 2016, due to decline and poor management, MRSR was sold to American Heritage Railways, which also owns the world renowned Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, rebranding the MRSR as the Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum. Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum The Mt. Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum or MRRR, formerly the Mt. Rainier Scenic Railroad (MRSR), is a steam-powered heritage railroad operating in the U.S. state of Washington between Elbe and Mineral. The railroad travels on tracks that pass through thick","psg_id":"6127630"},{"title":"Rainier Mountaineering","text":"Responsible Climbing Initiative. This arm of the company supports environmental organizations through monetary donations. RMI is a partner of the Leave No Trace program of the Center for Outdoor Ethics. Leave No Trace partners raise awareness of outdoor ethics. In 2009, Eddie Bauer and a group of RMI guides worked together to design a line of technical outdoor clothing called \"First Ascent\". Rainier Mountaineering RMI Expeditions, also known as Rainier Mountaineering Inc. (RMI), is a mountain guide company based in Ashford, Washington. It leads mountaineering trips on Mt. Rainier and the Seven Summits as well as ski mountaineering and ice","psg_id":"17943614"},{"title":"Tolmie Peak","text":"Company and stationed at the newly built Fort Nisqually, Tolmie made the first recorded exploration of the Mount Rainier area. Unable to summit Rainier itself, Tolmie and two Indian guides, Lachalet and Nuckalkat, summited one of the snowy peaks near the Mowich River headwaters. Although Tolmie Peak is named for this event, it is not known exactly which peak was climbed. Tolmie Peak Tolmie Peak is a peak in the Mount Rainier area of the Cascade Range, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located northwest of Mowich Lake, in the northwest part of Mount Rainier National Park. Streams","psg_id":"10468832"},{"title":"West Unicorn Peak","text":"in high avalanche danger. West Unicorn Peak West Unicorn Peak is the second highest point in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The nearest higher peak is Unicorn Peak, to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the peak's small glacier, Unicorn Glacier, drain into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. West Unicorn Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast","psg_id":"20860543"},{"title":"West Unicorn Peak","text":"West Unicorn Peak West Unicorn Peak is the second highest point in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The nearest higher peak is Unicorn Peak, to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the peak's small glacier, Unicorn Glacier, drain into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. West Unicorn Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains.","psg_id":"20860541"},{"title":"Rainier Mountaineering","text":"American Lung Association of the Mountain Pacific through the Climb for Clean Air fundraiser. During the annual charity climb, RMI guides lead fundraiser participants on a guided trip to the summit of Mt. Rainier. Between 1988 and 2014, RMI has raised $4.4 million for the ALA. In 2009, RMI guides Ed Viesturs and Peter Whittaker led a charity climb on Mt. Rainier with NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, former Seattle Seahawks Coach Jim Mora, and former Seattle Seahawks CEO Tod Leiweke. The mountaineering trip raised $400,000 for United Way of King County in Washington State. Also in 2009, RMI founded the","psg_id":"17943613"},{"title":"Peak 2 Peak Gondola","text":"cabins in a cabin parking area when the system is not in use. There are four intermediate towers, two on Whistler Mountain and two on Blackcomb Mountain that support the cables, which range in height from 30 to 65 metres (100 to 210 feet). Combined, they contain 400 metric tonnes of steel. The 28 CWA-manufactured gondola cabins hold 28 people each, with 22 seated and 6 standing. 26 of the cabins are painted red while 2 are painted silver and have glass floors. The Peak 2 Peak Gondola has a number of unique safety systems beyond what a normal ski","psg_id":"12237804"},{"title":"Yakima Peak","text":"Yakima Peak Yakima Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Yakima Peak is situated northwest of Tipsoo Lake and west of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Deadwood Peak, to the north. The name \"Yakima Peak\" honors the Yakima Tribe of eastern Washington state. From Chinook Pass, a short scramble up a gully on the north side leads to a flat summit with unobstructed views of Mount Rainier and","psg_id":"20845883"},{"title":"Little Tahoma Peak","text":"Little Tahoma Peak Little Tahoma Peak, also called Little Tahoma, is a satellite peak of Mount Rainier in Pierce County, Washington and in Mount Rainier National Park. It is quite noticeable from Seattle over away. Little Tahoma Peak is a volcanic remnant. It was part of a larger Mount Rainier which has eroded. The rock is quite unstable and in 1963 a large avalanche originating below it covered the lower section of Emmons Glacier with rock debris. The Fryingpan Glacier and Whitman Glacier are located just to the east of the peak. Little Tahoma Peak can most easily be accessed","psg_id":"4482386"},{"title":"Bismarck Peak","text":"Bismarck Peak Bismarck Peak is a mountain summit centrally located in the William O. Douglas Wilderness on land administered by the Wenatchee National Forest. It is also 24 miles east-southeast of Mount Rainier in Yakima County of Washington state. Bismarck Peak is situated east of the crest of the Cascade Range, southeast of Bumping Lake, south of Mount Aix, and northwest of Rimrock Lake. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Aix, to the north-northeast. Aix and Bismarck are the two highest peaks midway between Mount Rainier National Park and Yakima, Washington so they are quite prominent. Precipitation runoff from Bismarck","psg_id":"20927885"},{"title":"Peak 2 Peak Gondola","text":"Peak 2 Peak Gondola The Peak 2 Peak Gondola is a tri-cable gondola lift located in Whistler, British Columbia that links Whistler Mountain's Roundhouse Lodge with Blackcomb Mountain's Rendezvous Lodge. It is the first lift to join the two side-by-side mountains. It held the world record for the longest free span between ropeway towers—3.03 kilometres (1.88 miles) until 2017 when the Eibsee Cable Car exceeded it by 189m. It is still the highest point above the ground—436 metres (1,430 feet.) (A temporary aerial tramway in Switzerland used between 1979 and 1986 had larger span.) The Peak 2 Peak Gondola was","psg_id":"12237789"},{"title":"Foss Peak","text":"Foss Peak Foss Peak is a 6,524 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The peak is named for Thea Foss (1857-1927) who founded the Foss Maritime Company with her husband in 1889. The peak also has an alternate name, \"Manatee Mountain\". The nearest higher peak is West Unicorn Peak, to the southeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Foss Peak is located in the marine west coast climate","psg_id":"20859391"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"and Lassen Peak in California, Crater Lake, Three Sisters, and Mount Hood in Oregon, Mount Saint Helens, Mount Adams, Glacier Peak, and Mount Baker in Washington, and Mount Cayley, Mount Garibaldi, Silverthrone Caldera, and Mount Meager in British Columbia. All of the above are dormant, but could return to activity, and scientists on both sides of the border gather research of the past eruptions of each in order to predict how mountains in this arc will behave and what they are capable of in the future, including Mount Rainier. Of these, only two have erupted since the beginning of the","psg_id":"12956922"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"of causing great loss of life and property if eruptive activity resumes. If Mt. Rainier were to erupt as powerfully as Mount St. Helens did in its May 18, 1980 eruption, the effect would be cumulatively greater, because of the far more massive amounts of glacial ice locked on the volcano compared to Mount St. Helens, the vastly more heavily populated areas surrounding Rainier, and the simple fact that Mt Rainier is a much bigger volcano, almost twice the size of St. Helens. Lahars from Rainier pose the most risk to life and property, as many communities lie atop older","psg_id":"12956924"},{"title":"Tolmie Peak","text":"Tolmie Peak Tolmie Peak is a peak in the Mount Rainier area of the Cascade Range, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located northwest of Mowich Lake, in the northwest part of Mount Rainier National Park. Streams that drain the slopes of Tolmie Peak, including Tolmie Creek and Ranger Creek, join the Carbon River, which flows into the Puyallup River and Puget Sound. Just south of Tolmie Peak, in a basin carved by glaciers, lies Eunice Lake. To the northwest is Howard Peak. Tolmie Peak is named for William Fraser Tolmie. In August 1833, employed by Hudson's Bay","psg_id":"10468831"},{"title":"Rainier, Washington","text":"the late 1920s and early 1930s, several of these mill operations and many of the local buildings were destroyed by a series of fires, leading many residents to seek work at Weyerhaeuser Lumber at nearby Vail, which is now a ghost town. Rainier's 1940 population was 500. In 1941, the \"WPA Guide to Washington\" described Rainier as \"the social center for farmers and loggers of the vicinity, although its closed mills and vacant houses mark it as a ghost lumber town.\" Rainier was officially incorporated on October 23, 1947. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a","psg_id":"1247495"},{"title":"Foss Peak","text":"little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Foss Peak Foss Peak is a 6,524 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The peak is named for Thea Foss (1857-1927) who founded the Foss Maritime Company with her husband in 1889. The peak also has an alternate name, \"Manatee Mountain\". The nearest higher peak is West Unicorn Peak, to","psg_id":"20859393"},{"title":"Mount Zion (Washington)","text":"slopes. One of the tallest offers westward views of Gray Wolf Ridge. Views of the Olympic Mountains are screened by trees, but glimpses of Mount Baker and Mount Shuksan are there for the taking to the northeast and Mount Rainier can be seen to the southeast. Mount Zion (Washington) Mount Zion is a peak in the Olympic National Forest. The peak is located northwest of Quilcene, and near Lords Lake and Bon Jon Pass. Billed as one of the easier hikes in the Olympics, Zion offers a elevation gain in just under . For those testing its trail in June","psg_id":"13767091"},{"title":"Peak 2 Peak Gondola","text":"Peak 2 Peak Gondola terminal buildings are the two largest lift terminals in the world. To create the concrete footings, platforms, masts, and columns, of concrete had to be trucked and helicoptered up the mountains. The Whistler terminal, which houses the drive motors and backup engines in an underground vault is 26 metres (85 feet) wide and 42 metres (138 feet) long and has 228 tonnes of steel. The Blackcomb Terminal is 26 metres (85 feet) wide and 48 metres (158 feet) long and contains 279 tonnes of steel. The Blackcomb terminal can house 15 cabins, the Whistler terminal 13","psg_id":"12237803"},{"title":"Boundary Peak (Nevada)","text":"taller Montgomery Peak () is less than a mile away, across the state line in California. By most definitions Boundary Peak, which has a prominence of only 253 feet, is considered to be a sub-peak of Montgomery Peak. Boundary Peak is only taller than Wheeler Peak, which is located in Great Basin National Park, White Pine County in eastern Nevada. By most definitions, Wheeler Peak is the tallest independent mountain within Nevada. This peak is most often climbed from the Nevada side. From there, a climber may scramble the ridge connecting to Montgomery Peak. It is recommended that the U.S.","psg_id":"3841364"},{"title":"Plummer Peak","text":"Plummer Peak Plummer Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. With an elevation of it is the seventh highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. It was named for Fred G. Plummer, a Forest Service cartographer who taught geography in Tacoma Public Schools. Hiking to the summit requires a mix of hillwalking and scrambling. The area is also used for skiing, though avalanches present a danger; in 1988, skier Pamela Benton Lee died after being buried by an avalanche on Plummer Peak. From the peak, views of Mount Rainier, the town of Packwood, the","psg_id":"15766958"},{"title":"Presidential Range","text":"some of the world's highest mountains, including K2 and Everest. Mt. Washington, long home of the highest winds recorded on the surface of the Earth at , is the tallest at , followed by neighboring peaks Mt. Adams at and Mt. Jefferson at . The range is almost entirely in Coos County. The highest mountains in the Presidential Range are named principally for U.S. presidents, with the tallest mountain (Mt. Washington) named for the first president, the second tallest (Mt. Adams) for the second president, and so on. However, due to a surveying error, Mt. Monroe is actually taller than","psg_id":"2204726"},{"title":"Rainier Club","text":"Rainier Club The Rainier Club is a private club in Seattle, Washington; it has been referred to as \"Seattle's preeminent private club.\" Its clubhouse building, completed in 1904, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was founded in 1888 in what was then the Washington Territory (statehood came the following year). As of 2008, the club has 1,300 members. The Rainier Club was first proposed at a February 23, 1888 meeting of six Seattle civic leaders; it was formally incorporated July 25, 1888. The attendees of the original meeting were J. R. McDonald, president of the Seattle,","psg_id":"13504460"},{"title":"Wahpenayo Peak","text":"Wahpenayo Peak Wahpenayo Peak is a 6,231 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The mountain is named for \"Wahpenayo\", a native American chief who was the father-in-law of Indian Henry. Precipitation runoff on the south and east side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River, whereas the north side drains into tributaries of the Nisqually River. Wahpenayo Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.","psg_id":"20859352"},{"title":"Rainier, Washington","text":"of Yelm, Rainier, and Tenino in a paved pathway for walkers and bikers. Other parks in Rainier include Gehrke Park, Holiday Park, and Raintree Park. The government of Rainier is comprised a mayor and a city council. In 2017, Robert Shaw became the mayor of Rainier. The city council in 2010 consisted of councilmembers Kristin Guizzetti,George Johnson, Tom Arnbrister, Jonathan Stephenson, and Everett Gage. Other government positions in Rainier include that of city administrator, clerk, treasurer, city attorney, fire chief, and public works director. Rainier is served by the Rainier School District. The district consists of an elementary school, a","psg_id":"1247503"},{"title":"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital","text":"celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1964, having provided care for over 6,000 children. The Baltimore Sun noted “its likeness to a special pediatric hospital rather than a convalescent home.” In 1964 Happy Hills also began the journey to its name today. Starting with the changing of the name to Happy Hills Hospital in 1964, then in 1975 to Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital. Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital gained certification from The Joint Commission in 1979. Shortly after Joint Commission certification, the hospital received accreditation from Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities(CARF). Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital became the first children’s hospital in","psg_id":"13730311"},{"title":"Strawberry Peak","text":"Strawberry Peak Strawberry Peak () is a prominent peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California. It is located about north of Pasadena, and from Los Angeles, along the Angeles Crest Highway. Strawberry Peak is the tallest of the front range peaks, being three feet higher than nearby San Gabriel Peak. Both can be widely seen from greater Los Angeles and the San Gabriel Valley, and are popular with hikers. Other prominent nearby peaks include Josephine Peak and Mount Wilson. Strawberry Peak was named by mountaineers over a century ago, who felt the peak resembled an enormous","psg_id":"12820394"},{"title":"Wahpenayo Peak","text":"during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Wahpenayo Peak Wahpenayo Peak is a 6,231 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The mountain is named for \"Wahpenayo\", a native American chief who was the father-in-law of Indian Henry. Precipitation runoff on the south and east side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River, whereas the north side drains into tributaries","psg_id":"20859354"},{"title":"Seymour Peak","text":"Seymour Peak Seymour Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated southeast of Cayuse Pass and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak is Dewey Peak, to the east. Seymour Peak is named for William Wolcott Seymour (1861-1929), mayor of Tacoma, Washington from 1911 to 1914. He was also a philanthropist, mountaineer, and a contributor to the scouting movement. Precipitation runoff from Seymour Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Seymour Peak is located in the marine west coast climate","psg_id":"20837570"},{"title":"Rainier, Oregon","text":"the city was $18,511. About 8.4% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over. The Portland and Western Railroad runs through Rainier. Amtrak passenger rail service is available across the Columbia River in Kelso at the Kelso Multimodal Transportation Center. In 2005, Teevin Terminal, a barge terminal, opened in Rainier, directly across the Columbia from the Port of Longview in Washington. The Oregon Transportation Commission awarded Teevin Bros. a grant of more than $2 million in 2012 to build a “T-pier,”","psg_id":"1195210"},{"title":"Yakima County, Washington","text":"County is the second-largest county in Washington by land area and third-largest by total area. Yakima County is reputed to be one of the most difficult places on earth to predict weather, because of its surrounding mountains. The county's area is larger than the states of Delaware and Rhode Island combined. The highest point in the county is Mount Adams, which is the second tallest peak in Washington and the third tallest in the Cascade Range. As of the census of 2000, there were 222,581 people, 73,993 households, and 54,606 families residing in the county. The population density was 52","psg_id":"905185"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"glacial ice, Mt. Rainier could produce massive lahars that could threaten the entire Puyallup River valley, and poses a grave threat to the southern sections of the 3.7-million-resident Seattle metropolitan area. Mount Rainier was first known by the local Salishan speakers as Talol, or Tacoma or Tahoma. One hypothesis of the word origin is (\"mother of waters\"), in the Lushootseed language spoken by the Puyallup people. Another hypothesis is that \"Tacoma\" means \"larger than Mount Baker\" in Lushootseed: \"Ta\", larger, plus \"Koma (Kulshan)\", Mount Baker. Other names originally used include Tahoma, Tacobeh, and Pooskaus. The current name was given by","psg_id":"12956910"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"George Vancouver, who named it in honor of his friend, Rear Admiral Peter Rainier. The of 1804-1806 refers to it as \"Mt. Regniere\". Although \"Rainier\" had been considered the official name of the mountain, Theodore Winthrop, in his posthumously published 1862 travel book \"The Canoe and the Saddle\", referred to the mountain as \"Tacoma\" and for a time, both names were used interchangeably, although \"Mt. Tacoma\" was preferred in the city of Tacoma. In 1890, the United States Board on Geographic Names declared that the mountain would be known as \"Rainier\". Following this in 1897, the Pacific Forest Reserve became","psg_id":"12956911"},{"title":"Wheeler Peak Glacier","text":"Wheeler Peak Glacier Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the U.S. state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a peak carved and shaped by glaciers over a","psg_id":"15321147"},{"title":"Gray Peak (New York)","text":"somewhat limited view from Gray's summit, means that it is less frequently climbed than many shorter peaks. Gray Peak (New York) Gray Peak is the seventh-highest peak in the High Peaks Region of the Adirondack Park, in New York, United States, and is located in close proximity to Mount Marcy, the highest peak in New York state. Gray Peak is southwest of Mt. Marcy and southeast of Mount Colden. It was named for Asa Gray by Verplanck Colvin. Gray Peak is most frequently climbed from Lake Tear of the Clouds, with approaches via Elk Lake or Upper Works. Gray is","psg_id":"9394704"},{"title":"Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier)","text":"cliff in between the Wilson and Nisqually Glacier at . Meltwater from the glacier feeds the Nisqually River. Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier) The Wilson Glacier is a medium-sized tributary glacier located on the southeast flank of Mount Rainier in Washington. Named after A.D. Wilson, who was part of an early ascent of Mount Rainier, the body of ice has an area of and has a volume of 1.9 billion feet (54 million m). The glacier is directly feeds ice to the adjacent, but much larger Nisqually Glacier. Starting from the head at , the glacier flows downhill southward. One part","psg_id":"10257121"},{"title":"Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier)","text":"Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier) The Wilson Glacier is a medium-sized tributary glacier located on the southeast flank of Mount Rainier in Washington. Named after A.D. Wilson, who was part of an early ascent of Mount Rainier, the body of ice has an area of and has a volume of 1.9 billion feet (54 million m). The glacier is directly feeds ice to the adjacent, but much larger Nisqually Glacier. Starting from the head at , the glacier flows downhill southward. One part of the glacier meets the Nisqually Glacier at and the other part of the glacier ends on a","psg_id":"10257120"},{"title":"Seymour Peak","text":"or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Seymour Peak Seymour Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated southeast of Cayuse Pass and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak is Dewey Peak, to the east. Seymour Peak is named for William Wolcott Seymour (1861-1929), mayor of Tacoma, Washington from 1911 to 1914. He was also a philanthropist, mountaineer, and a contributor to the scouting","psg_id":"20837572"},{"title":"Lookout Mountain (Hood River County, Oregon)","text":"Lookout Mountain (Hood River County, Oregon) Lookout Mountain, elevation , is the second highest peak in Oregon's Mount Hood National Forest and the highest point in Badger Creek Wilderness. It sits about east-southeast of Mount Hood, separated from it by the valley of the East Fork Hood River. From its summit and with good visibility, one may see (from approximately west and moving clockwise) Mt. Hood, Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Rainier, Mt. Adams, Broken Top, South Sister, North Sister, Mt. Washington, and Mt. Jefferson with the unassisted eye. In 1911 a Forest Service lookout was built on the summit and","psg_id":"18120205"},{"title":"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital","text":"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital is a 102-bed non-profit children's hospital set in the scenic neighborhood of Mt. Washington in Baltimore that provides long-term care for children with complex health problems. MWPH is jointly owned by Johns Hopkins Medical System and University of Maryland Medical System. Funded by patient revenue and private charitable donations, Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital is a comprehensive sub-acute care facility for children from birth to young adult; MWPH provides transitional and support care for a variety of conditions, including premature birth, serious and chronic illness, traumatic injury, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy,","psg_id":"13730307"},{"title":"History of the world's tallest buildings","text":"plant space do not contribute towards mixed-use status. Skyscrapers used primarily or exclusively as hotels or residential space are generally shorter than office and mixed-use buildings, with only a few supertall buildings of the residential or hotel types among the 100 tallest skyscrapers. The tallest completed residential building (minimum 85% residential) is 432 Park Avenue in New York City, followed by the Princess Tower and 23 Marina, both in Dubai. The tallest completed hotels (primarily hotel space) are the Gevora Hotel, the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai twin towers, the Rose Tower, and the Burj Al Arab, all located in Dubai.","psg_id":"13570331"},{"title":"Wheeler Peak Glacier","text":"will likely disappear within the next 20 years. Wheeler Peak Glacier Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the U.S. state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a","psg_id":"15321152"},{"title":"History of the world's tallest buildings","text":"of world's tallest building was borne by shorter buildings. St. Mary's Church in Stralsund became the world's tallest building after the collapse of Lincoln Cathedral's spire. The central tower of St. Pierre's Cathedral was tallest from 1569 until it collapsed in 1573, making St. Mary's the tallest once again. In 1647, the bell tower of St. Mary's burned down, making the shorter Strasbourg Cathedral the world's tallest building. It was not until the completion of the Ulm Minster in 1890 that the world's tallest building was again also the tallest building ever constructed, surpassing the original configuration of Lincoln Cathedral.","psg_id":"13570321"},{"title":"Buell Peak","text":"Buell Peak Buell Peak is a small 5,756 ft (1,754 m) summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated 1.5 miles southwest of Cayuse Pass and 0.53 mile east-southeast of Barrier Peak, which is its nearest higher peak. The normal climbing access is from the Owyhigh Lakes Trail. The peak's name honors John Latimore Buell who arrived in Orting, Washington in 1890 and went into the hardware business. Buell Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather","psg_id":"20881466"},{"title":"Rainier, Oregon","text":"Rainier, Oregon Rainier is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States. The city's population was 1,895 at the 2010 census. Rainier is on the south bank of the Columbia River across from Kelso and Longview, Washington. Rainier was founded in 1851 on the south bank of the Columbia River by Charles E. Fox, the town's first postman. First called Eminence, its name was later changed to Fox's Landing and finally to Rainier. The name Rainier was taken from Mount Rainier in Washington, which can be seen from hills above the city. Rainier was incorporated in 1881. For much of","psg_id":"1195201"},{"title":"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak","text":"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak Granite Peak-Northwest Peak () is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is also known as Peak 12745, and is only northwest of Granite Peak, the tallest mountain in Montana. With just over of topographic prominence, Granite Peak-Northwest Peak may be considered a distinct peak from Granite Peak, or merely a lower subpeak due to being part of the same massif. If considered a distinct peak, it is the second tallest mountain in Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests.","psg_id":"19657361"},{"title":"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak","text":"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak Granite Peak-Northwest Peak () is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is also known as Peak 12745, and is only northwest of Granite Peak, the tallest mountain in Montana. With just over of topographic prominence, Granite Peak-Northwest Peak may be considered a distinct peak from Granite Peak, or merely a lower subpeak due to being part of the same massif. If considered a distinct peak, it is the second tallest mountain in Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests.","psg_id":"19657360"},{"title":"Rainier Beach, Seattle","text":"Transit Link Light Rail station, the Rainier Beach Station. To the north, this station connects Rainier Beach to Downtown Seattle, Capitol Hill, and the University of Washington. The Rainier Beach Station also provides service to the south, to the Seattle Tacoma International Airport. King County Metro also serves the Rainier Beach area: Rainier Beach, Seattle Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington that are mostly residential. Also called Atlantic City, Rainier Beach can include Dunlap, Pritchard Island, and Rainier View neighborhoods. The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington. Its","psg_id":"6848514"},{"title":"Mount Rainier High School","text":"dominated the Seamount League in the 1980s and 1990s, winning 83 straight matches and one state title in boys' tennis. In 1995, Mt. Rainier girls finished first and second in state, with Courtney Perkins defeating Lara Botts in the State Championship. Top tennis player Lynn Johnson graduated in 1992 with a full ride scholarship to play on the offensive line for the Washington Huskies football team. The boys' basketball team finished third in the state AAA championship in 1971, losing to Pasco in a record quadruple overtime semi-final. The team has regained a measure of success, returning to the AAA","psg_id":"7677779"},{"title":"Rainier Beach, Seattle","text":"Rainier Beach, Seattle Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington that are mostly residential. Also called Atlantic City, Rainier Beach can include Dunlap, Pritchard Island, and Rainier View neighborhoods. The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington. Its primary arterials are Rainier and Renton Avenues South (northwest- and southeast-bound). Neighborhood boundaries are informal and sometimes overlapping in Seattle; formal designations have not existed since 1910. Rainier Beach blends with the Rainier Valley neighborhood of Dunlap (also called Othello) on the north. On the east is Lake Washington, and the South","psg_id":"6848500"},{"title":"Dege Peak","text":"Dege Peak Dege Peak is a summit located in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains in Mount Rainier National Park. It was named in 1932 for James Henry Dege (born 1868), a prominent Tacoma businessman and Captain of the First Regiment National Guard of Washington. His mother was a descendant of President Zachary Taylor. The peak is a popular hiking destination with views of the Emmons Glacier, Winthrop Glacier, Inter Glacier, Fryingpan Glacier, Little Tahoma Peak, and views in all directions because the trail is above tree line. The trail starts at the Sunrise","psg_id":"20837169"},{"title":"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital","text":"as one of 217 hospitals in the United States receiving Stage 6 HIMMS designation for its use of electronic medical records. The hospital has been recognized for establishing one of the first programs in the region addressing childhood obesity. Other programs include: Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital is a 102-bed non-profit children's hospital set in the scenic neighborhood of Mt. Washington in Baltimore that provides long-term care for children with complex health problems. MWPH is jointly owned by Johns Hopkins Medical System and University of Maryland Medical System. Funded by patient revenue and private charitable donations, Mt.","psg_id":"13730315"},{"title":"Rainier Bancorp","text":"to the Californian thrift of the same named that failed in 1989). After a brief bidding war with First Bank System, Rainier Bancorp. was acquired by Security Pacific Corporation in 1987 for $1.15 billion in stock. At the time of its acquisition, it was the second largest bank in the state. After the merger, Rainier Bancorporation was renamed Security Pacific Bancorporation Northwest, and Rainier National Bank was renamed Security Pacific Bank Washington. Rainier Bank Alaska was renamed Security Pacific Bank Alaska. Rainier Bank Oregon was merged into recently acquired Oregon Bank to form Security Pacific Bank Oregon. In 1992 Security","psg_id":"12509967"},{"title":"White River (Washington)","text":"White River (Washington) The White River is a white, glacial river in the U.S. state of Washington. It flows about 75 miles (121 km) from its source, the Emmons Glacier on Mount Rainier, to join the Puyallup River at Sumner. It defines part of the boundary between King and Pierce counties. A second White River has its source in Glacier Peak Wilderness and flows southeast to Lake Wenatchee. The source of the White River is the Emmons Glacier on the northeast side of Mount Rainier. The river flows from ice caves at the toe of the glacier. Its upper reach","psg_id":"3016030"},{"title":"Dewey Peak","text":"Dewey Peak Dewey Peak is a summit located on the shared border of Mount Rainier National Park and William O. Douglas Wilderness. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Dewey Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range southeast of Chinook Pass, east of Seymour Peak, and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak is Chinook Peak, to the north. Dewey Peak is named for Dewey Lake which is set below its north aspect. Precipitation runoff from Dewey Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River and Yakima","psg_id":"20837617"},{"title":"Peak 2 Peak Gondola","text":"they were never sold because the gondola has retained the Peak 2 Peak name. The cables were manufactured by Fatzer AG, a Swiss company that develops, manufactures and markets wire ropes worldwide. The Peak 2 Peak cables include four stationary track ropes, two in each direction, which act like railroad tracks for the cabins. Each track rope weighs approximately 90 metric tonnes. There is a single haul rope which moves in a continuous loop and pulls the cabins. This cable weighs more than 80 metric tonnes. There are a total of of cable on the Peak 2 Peak Gondola. The","psg_id":"12237802"},{"title":"Pierce County, Washington","text":"Pierce County, Washington Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 795,225, making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County. The county seat and largest city is Tacoma. Formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory, it was named for U.S. President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is in the Seattle metropolitan area (formally the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA metropolitan statistical area). Pierce County is notable for being home to Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain and a volcano in the Cascade Range.","psg_id":"905318"},{"title":"World's tallest thermometer","text":"after summer 2017. The world's tallest thermometer is located at 72157 Baker Boulevard in Baker, California. It is visible from three different angles along Interstate 15 in Southern California's Mojave Desert. A gift shop at the base of the thermometer stands near a commemorative plaque that describes the history of the site. World's tallest thermometer The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. The sign weighs and is held together by of","psg_id":"6794556"},{"title":"Mount Rainier","text":"putting together the Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System to assist in the emergency evacuation of the Puyallup River valley in the event of a catastrophic debris flow. It is now run by the Pierce County Department of Emergency Management. Tacoma, at the mouth of the Puyallup, is only west of Rainier, and moderately sized towns such as Puyallup and Orting are only away, respectively. Mt. Rainier appears on four distinct United States postage stamp issues. In 1934, it was the 3-cent issue in a series of National Park stamps, and was also shown on a souvenir sheet issued for","psg_id":"12956939"},{"title":"Naches Peak","text":"Naches Peak Naches Peak is a summit located on the shared border of Mount Rainier National Park and William O. Douglas Wilderness. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Naches Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range and immediately southeast of Chinook Pass. Its nearest higher peak is Tahtlum Peak, to the east. The name \"Naches Peak\" was proposed by the Yakima Chamber of Commerce and approved by Asahel Curtis in 1927. The Naches Peak Loop Trail is a popular 3.5 mile trail encircling the peak. Precipitation runoff","psg_id":"20838401"},{"title":"Rainier, Oregon","text":"receive services out of Rainier. These communities include Fern Hill, Hudson, Alston, Apiary, Goble, and Prescott. Except for Prescott, which is an incorporated city (despite having neither a post office nor a separate telephone exchange), little remains to identify these places today other than left-over identifying signs or historic landmarks, such as abandoned or converted school buildings. Residents here may say they live in Rainier or will alternatively use the name of the individual community. The Lewis and Clark Bridge spans the Columbia River, linking Rainier to Longview, Washington. It is the only bridge, that spans the entire width of","psg_id":"1195204"},{"title":"Norse Peak Wilderness","text":"Norse Peak Wilderness Norse Peak Wilderness is a designated wilderness area located in central Washington in the United States. It protects the portion of the Cascade Range north of Chinook Pass (Highway 410), south of Naches Pass (Naches Trail), and east of Mount Rainier National Park. It is bordered by the William O. Douglas Wilderness to the south. The wilderness is named for a prominent peak which overlooks Crystal Mountain Ski Area. Roughly triangular, it is about 10 miles (16 km) across and contains no roads. The Norse Peak Wilderness was established by the 1984 Washington State Wilderness bill and","psg_id":"6206153"},{"title":"Rainier Mountaineering","text":"accredited by the American Mountain Guides Association (AMGA). AMGA accreditation certifies that client education in essential mountaineering skills is a primary focus of the mountain guide company. RMI Expeditions leads mountaineering trips on Mt. Rainier, the Seven Summits – Mt. Everest, Aconcagua, Mt. McKinley, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Elbrus, Vinson Massif, and Carstensz Pyramid. The company also guides in the North Cascades, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. RMI Expeditions guides include Peter Whittaker, Dave Hahn, Melissa Arnot, and Ed Viesturs. In 2014, RMI was named “Best Outfitter” by Outside Magazine in their 2014 Travel Awards. Since 1988, RMI has supported the","psg_id":"17943612"},{"title":"Shriner Peak","text":"Shriner Peak Shriner Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated south of Cayuse Pass, southwest of Seymour Peak, and southeast of Double Peak. A four mile trail leads from Highway 123 to the Shriner Peak Fire Lookout at the top of the mountain. Precipitation runoff from Shriner Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Shriner Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast","psg_id":"20837596"},{"title":"Shriner Peak","text":"and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Shriner Peak Shriner Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated south of Cayuse Pass, southwest of Seymour Peak, and southeast of Double Peak. A four mile trail leads from Highway 123 to the Shriner Peak Fire Lookout at the top of the mountain. Precipitation runoff from Shriner Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Shriner Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate","psg_id":"20837598"},{"title":"Deadwood Peak","text":"Deadwood Peak Deadwood Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Deadwood Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range, immediately north of Yakima Peak and Chinook Pass, with the Pacific Crest Trail traversing its east slope. Its nearest higher peak is Naches Peak, to the southeast. Deadwood Peak takes its name from \"Deadwood Lakes\" and \"Deadwood Creek\" to its northwest, and their names came from the large number of downed trees in the area. From","psg_id":"20845898"},{"title":"Frosty Peak Volcano","text":"Frosty Peak Volcano Frosty Peak Volcano, also known as Mt. Frosty, Frosty Volcano, or Cold Bay Volcano, is a 6,299 ft (1,920 m) stratovolcano at the southwest end of the Alaska Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Frosty Peak is the tallest and most recently formed peak of the volcanic complex. Its exact age is unknown, but it was probably formed in the middle to late Pleistocene, and possibly erupted even more recently. Frosty Peak is the southern cone of the double-coned Frosty Volcano, which formed in the middle Pleistocene some time before the Wisconsin Glaciation. Frosty Volcano itself","psg_id":"4518279"},{"title":"Glacier View Wilderness","text":"Glacier View Wilderness Glacier View Wilderness is a wilderness adjacent to the west side of Mount Rainier National Park in Washington State. It was designated as wilderness in 1984. Glacier View Wilderness has views of the glaciated slopes of Mount Rainier which lies to the east. This includes viewing points from Mt. Belijica (5,476 feet) and Glacier View Point (5,507 feet). Glacier View Point is the former site of a fire lookout built in 1934. The wilderness is administered by the Gifford Pinchot National Forest through the Cowlitz Valley Ranger district with headquarters located in Randle, Washington. The wilderness is","psg_id":"9730701"},{"title":"Frosty Peak Volcano","text":"is located on the northern flank of an even older volcano, the Morzhovoi Volcano. Morzhovoi Volcano was probably formed in the early to middle Pleistocene, and collapsed into a caldera. The highest points that remain from the caldera are called North and South Walrus Peak. Frosty Peak Volcano Frosty Peak Volcano, also known as Mt. Frosty, Frosty Volcano, or Cold Bay Volcano, is a 6,299 ft (1,920 m) stratovolcano at the southwest end of the Alaska Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Frosty Peak is the tallest and most recently formed peak of the volcanic complex. Its exact age","psg_id":"4518280"},{"title":"Chinook Peak","text":"maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Chinook Peak Chinook Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Chinook Peak is situated north of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Crystal Mountain, to the north. Cupalo Rock is one mile to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff from Chinook Peak drains into tributaries of the White River and Yakima River. Chinook Peak is located in","psg_id":"20837633"},{"title":"Barrier Peak","text":"danger. Precipitation runoff from Barrier Peak drains into tributaries of the White River and Cowlitz River. Barrier Peak Barrier Peak is a small 6,521 ft (1,988 m) summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated west of Cayuse Pass, 0.53 mile west-northwest of Buell Peak, and 0.4 mile south-southwest of Governors Ridge, which is its nearest higher peak. The normal climbing access is from the Owyhigh Lakes Trail. Barrier Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather","psg_id":"20842324"},{"title":"Chinook Peak","text":"Chinook Peak Chinook Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Chinook Peak is situated north of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Crystal Mountain, to the north. Cupalo Rock is one mile to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff from Chinook Peak drains into tributaries of the White River and Yakima River. Chinook Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate","psg_id":"20837631"},{"title":"Rainier, Washington","text":"parent corporation of the Rainier Area Building Community, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Rainier Historical Society began restoring Rainier's historic schoolhouse, which was built in 1915, and converting it into a community center known as the Lifelong Learning Center. In 2005, the Rainier Food Bank was opened at the site, serving patrons on Wednesdays and Saturdays. A thrift store was also opened, with the proceeds going to fund the operational costs of the building. An art gallery and public meeting rooms followed. In November 2009, the Rainier Volunteer Library opened at the center, featuring a collection of","psg_id":"1247505"},{"title":"Dewey Peak","text":"Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Dewey Peak Dewey Peak is a summit located on the shared border of Mount Rainier National Park and William O. Douglas Wilderness. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Dewey Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range southeast of Chinook Pass, east of Seymour Peak, and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak","psg_id":"20837619"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"of Colorado John Hickenlooper. After the 2015 restoration of the original name <q>Denali</q> to Mount McKinley in Alaska, debate over Mount Rainier's name intensified. Mount Rainier is the tallest mountain in Washington and the Cascade Range. This peak is located just east of Eatonville and just southeast of Seattle and Tacoma. Mount Rainier is ranked third of the 128 ultra-prominent mountain peaks of the United States. Mount Rainier has a topographic prominence of , which is greater than that of K2, the world's second-tallest mountain, at . On clear days it dominates the southeastern horizon in most of the Seattle-Tacoma\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"the dramatic Willis Wall. Liberty Cap has a prominence of , and so would qualify as a separate peak under most strictly prominence-based rules. A prominence cutoff of is commonly used in Washington state. High on the eastern flank of Mount Rainier is a peak known as Little Tahoma Peak, , an eroded remnant of the earlier, much higher, Mount Rainier. It has a prominence of , and it is almost never climbed in direct conjunction with Columbia Crest, so it is usually considered a separate peak. If considered separately from Mt. Rainier, Little Tahoma Peak would be the third\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pinnacle Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"Pinnacle Peak (Washington) Pinnacle Peak, is a 6,562 ft (2,000 m) peak located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. It is the second highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. There is also another Pinnacle Peak near Enumclaw, Washington, roughly 30 miles to the northwest. The trail to the saddle and summit has views of Rainier. Some scrambling and rock climbing is needed to attain the summit. The Castle is situated 0.2 mile to the east. Pinnacle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9200533\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pinnacle Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"tends to be wet and heavy. Pinnacle Peak (Washington) Pinnacle Peak, is a 6,562 ft (2,000 m) peak located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. It is the second highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. There is also another Pinnacle Peak near Enumclaw, Washington, roughly 30 miles to the northwest. The trail to the saddle and summit has views of Rainier. Some scrambling and rock climbing is needed to attain the summit. The Castle is situated 0.2 mile to the east. Pinnacle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9200535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"along a gravel road and trail, with a couple views looking south to Mount Rainier and west to Buckley, Washington. On a busy weekend the trails will see 300-400 visitors per day. It’s a popular hike for locals and those in training to climb Mt. Rainier. The summit is tree-covered so no views, but remnants of the concrete footings for the lookout are still there, as well as a USGS benchmark. There are budgeted plans for rebuilding the lookout so that there will again be views from the top. Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington) Pinnacle Peak, also known as Mount\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20854251\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Glacier Peak\",\n \"text\": \"the area. Local Native Americans have recognized Glacier Peak and other Washington volcanoes in their histories and stories. When American explorers reached the region, they learned basic information about surrounding landforms, but did not initially understand that Glacier Peak was a volcano. Positioned in Snohomish County, the volcano is only northeast of Seattle. The other volcano closer to Seattle is Mount Rainier, but as Glacier Peak is set farther into the Cascades and almost shorter, it is less noticeable than Mount Rainier. Glacier Peak is one of the most active of Washington's volcanoes. The volcano formed during the Pleistocene epoch,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2654226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Square Tower\",\n \"text\": \"Rainier Square Tower Rainier Square Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in the Metropolitan Tract of Downtown Seattle, Washington that is currently under construction. The tall, 58-story tower will be located at Union Street between 4th and 5th Avenues adjacent to the existing Rainier Tower, and will be the second-tallest building in Seattle upon completion. The $600 million project is scheduled to be completed by 2020, and will be the tallest building constructed in the city since 1985. The University of Washington, which owns the Metropolitan Tract, announced their intent to redevelop the Rainier Square shopping center in late 2013. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20102637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Washington (state)\",\n \"text\": \"winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range has several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains. From north to south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. All are active volcanoes. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is south of the city of Seattle, from which it is prominently visible. The USGS considers Mt. Rainier the most dangerous volcano in the Cascade Range, due to its proximity to the Seattle metropolitan area, and most dangerous in the continental U.S. according\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10831148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eagle Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"Eagle Peak (Washington) Eagle Peak is a summit on the west end of the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It's located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, and immediately east of Longmire. Eagle Peak was originally known as \\\"Simlayshe\\\", a Native American word meaning \\\"eagle\\\". George Longmire anglicized the name to Eagle Peak. The four mile Eagle Peak Trail leads to views of Mount Rainier. The summit of Eagle Peak requires scrambling. Precipitation runoff on the peak drains into the Nisqually River. Eagle Peak is located in the marine west coast climate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20798616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier National Park\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Rainier National Park Mount Rainier National Park is an American national park located in southeast Pierce County and northeast Lewis County in Washington state. The park was established on March 2, 1899 as the fifth national park in the United States, preserving including all of Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano. The mountain rises abruptly from the surrounding land with elevations in the park ranging from 1,600 feet to over 14,000 feet (490 - 4,300 m). The highest point in the Cascade Range, Mount Rainier is surrounded by valleys, waterfalls, subalpine meadows, and of old-growth forest. More than 25 glaciers descend\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1585994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"Pinnacle Peak (King County, Washington) Pinnacle Peak, also known as Mount Peak, is a 1,801 ft forest-covered summit located in King County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is set at the western edge of the range, immediately south of Enumclaw, Washington and 25 miles northwest of Mount Rainier. There is also another summit named Pinnacle Peak in the Tatoosh Range to the south of Mount Rainier. First called \\\"Mount Pete\\\" for Pete Chorak, an early Enumclaw settler, \\\"Pete\\\" became misheard as \\\"Peak\\\", and the name \\\"Mount Peak\\\" received some followers. A former fire lookout\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20854247\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"Rainier, Washington Rainier is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. Beginning as a train stop in the 1870s, Rainier was first settled in 1890, and was officially incorporated in 1947. The population was 1,794 at the 2010 census. Rainier began in the 1870s as a stop on the Northern Pacific Railroad line between Kalama, Washington and Tacoma. Situated amidst the ‘ten al quelth’ prairies – Lushootseed for \\\"the best yet\\\" – it was named for its view of Mount Rainier. In 1890, Albert and Maria Gehrke were the first permanent settlers to homestead in Rainier; later that year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1247493\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eagle Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Eagle Peak (Washington) Eagle Peak is a summit on the west end of the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It's located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, and immediately east of Longmire. Eagle Peak was originally known as \\\"Simlayshe\\\", a Native American word\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20798618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"annual events. In August, Rainier Roundup Days include a community parade and a bluegrass music festival. Also in August, the Rainier Community & Alumni Celebration is held to honor all past & present residents of Rainier. The community regularly hosts Relay for Life, during which, over an 18-hour time frame, participants walk around the high school track to raise money for the American Cancer Society. Rainier, Washington Rainier is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. Beginning as a train stop in the 1870s, Rainier was first settled in 1890, and was officially incorporated in 1947. The population was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1247507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Antler Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Antler Peak (Washington) Antler Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. Antler Peak is situated west of Dege Peak and northeast of Sunrise Historic District, with the Sourdough Ridge Trail traversing the south slope of Antler between the two. Mount Fremont is its nearest higher peak, to the west. Precipitation runoff from Antler Peak drains into the White River. Antler Peak is located in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837250\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Antler Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"Antler Peak (Washington) Antler Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. Antler Peak is situated west of Dege Peak and northeast of Sunrise Historic District, with the Sourdough Ridge Trail traversing the south slope of Antler between the two. Mount Fremont is its nearest higher peak, to the west. Precipitation runoff from Antler Peak drains into the White River. Antler Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"McNeeley Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"McNeeley Peak (Washington) McNeeley Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. McNeeley Peak is situated north of the Sunrise Historic District, east of Mount Fremont, and northwest of Antler Peak. The peak was named in 1932 for Edwin J. McNeeley (born 1858), a prominent Tacoma businessman. Access is limited by snow closing the Sunrise Road much of the year. July, August, and September are typically the months when the Sunrise Road is seasonally open for vehicle traffic. Precipitation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"McNeeley Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. McNeeley Peak (Washington) McNeeley Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. McNeeley Peak is situated north of the Sunrise Historic District, east of Mount Fremont, and northwest of Antler Peak. The peak was named in 1932 for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Mountaineering\",\n \"text\": \"Rainier Mountaineering RMI Expeditions, also known as Rainier Mountaineering Inc. (RMI), is a mountain guide company based in Ashford, Washington. It leads mountaineering trips on Mt. Rainier and the Seven Summits as well as ski mountaineering and ice climbing trips. The company was founded in 1969 by Jerry Lynch and Lou Whittaker. RMI is owned and operated by Peter Whittaker, the son of Lou Whittaker and the nephew of Jim Whittaker, who was the first American mountaineer to successfully reach the summit of Mt. Everest. Peter Whittaker has been at the head of RMI since the late 1990s. RMI is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17943611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"highest mountain peak in Washington. Mount Rainier is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc that consists of lava flows, debris flows, and pyroclastic ejecta and flows. Its early volcanic deposits are estimated at more than 840,000 years old and are part of the Lily Formation (about 2.9 million to 840,000 years ago). The early deposits formed a \\\"proto-Rainier\\\" or an ancestral cone prior to the present-day cone. The present cone is more than 500,000 years old. The volcano is highly eroded, with glaciers on its slopes, and appears to be made mostly of andesite. Rainier likely once stood even\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marriott Rivercenter\",\n \"text\": \"Marriott Rivercenter Marriott Rivercenter is a hotel located in San Antonio, Texas, USA. At a tip height of 546 feet (166 meters), the 38-floor hotel is the tallest building and second tallest structure in the city (the Tower of the Americas is taller). It is also the tallest hotel in Texas outside of Dallas. Its roof height, however, is 441 feet (134 meters), 3 feet shorter than the Weston Centre. The hotel, which was completed in 1988, is located across the Riverwalk from the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center and overlooks the Rivercenter lagoon, an expansion branch of the famous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13464204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Double Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"Double Peak (Washington) Double Peak is the descriptive name of a double summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. Part of the Cascade Range, it is situated northwest of Shriner Peak, south of Governors Ridge, and southeast of the Cowlitz Chimneys. Double Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20841367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Double Peak (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Precipitation runoff from Double Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Double Peak (Washington) Double Peak is the descriptive name of a double summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20841368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Rainier Mount Rainier (pronounced: ), also known as Tahoma or Tacoma, is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest, and the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a large active stratovolcano located south-southeast of Seattle, in the Mount Rainier National Park. It is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc, with a summit elevation of . Mt. Rainier is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, and it is on the Decade Volcano list. Because of its large amount of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Tahoma Peak\",\n \"text\": \"from Summerland, an alpine meadow area in Mount Rainier National Park. The first recorded ascent was on August 29, 1894 by JB Flett and Henry H. Garrison who climbed from Summerland using the east shoulder. If considered on its own, Little Tahoma would be the third-highest peak in Washington. Little Tahoma Peak Little Tahoma Peak, also called Little Tahoma, is a satellite peak of Mount Rainier in Pierce County, Washington and in Mount Rainier National Park. It is quite noticeable from Seattle over away. Little Tahoma Peak is a volcanic remnant. It was part of a larger Mount Rainier which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4482387\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum The Mt. Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum or MRRR, formerly the Mt. Rainier Scenic Railroad (MRSR), is a steam-powered heritage railroad operating in the U.S. state of Washington between Elbe and Mineral. The railroad travels on tracks that pass through thick forest just south of Mount Rainier. The depot, gift shop and ticket office are located in Elbe. The train travels to the new Logging Museum exhibits located in Mineral. The MRRR runs its collection of vintage rail equipment over seven miles of track, part of Tacoma Rail's Mountain Division. The railroad currently has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6127623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum\",\n \"text\": \"MRSR and its tourist operations, nor the availability of the route to commercial shipment. In mid 2016, due to decline and poor management, MRSR was sold to American Heritage Railways, which also owns the world renowned Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, rebranding the MRSR as the Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum. Mount Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum The Mt. Rainier Railroad and Logging Museum or MRRR, formerly the Mt. Rainier Scenic Railroad (MRSR), is a steam-powered heritage railroad operating in the U.S. state of Washington between Elbe and Mineral. The railroad travels on tracks that pass through thick\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6127630\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Mountaineering\",\n \"text\": \"Responsible Climbing Initiative. This arm of the company supports environmental organizations through monetary donations. RMI is a partner of the Leave No Trace program of the Center for Outdoor Ethics. Leave No Trace partners raise awareness of outdoor ethics. In 2009, Eddie Bauer and a group of RMI guides worked together to design a line of technical outdoor clothing called \\\"First Ascent\\\". Rainier Mountaineering RMI Expeditions, also known as Rainier Mountaineering Inc. (RMI), is a mountain guide company based in Ashford, Washington. It leads mountaineering trips on Mt. Rainier and the Seven Summits as well as ski mountaineering and ice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17943614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tolmie Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Company and stationed at the newly built Fort Nisqually, Tolmie made the first recorded exploration of the Mount Rainier area. Unable to summit Rainier itself, Tolmie and two Indian guides, Lachalet and Nuckalkat, summited one of the snowy peaks near the Mowich River headwaters. Although Tolmie Peak is named for this event, it is not known exactly which peak was climbed. Tolmie Peak Tolmie Peak is a peak in the Mount Rainier area of the Cascade Range, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located northwest of Mowich Lake, in the northwest part of Mount Rainier National Park. Streams\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10468832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"West Unicorn Peak\",\n \"text\": \"in high avalanche danger. West Unicorn Peak West Unicorn Peak is the second highest point in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The nearest higher peak is Unicorn Peak, to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the peak's small glacier, Unicorn Glacier, drain into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. West Unicorn Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20860543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"West Unicorn Peak\",\n \"text\": \"West Unicorn Peak West Unicorn Peak is the second highest point in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The nearest higher peak is Unicorn Peak, to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the peak's small glacier, Unicorn Glacier, drain into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. West Unicorn Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20860541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Mountaineering\",\n \"text\": \"American Lung Association of the Mountain Pacific through the Climb for Clean Air fundraiser. During the annual charity climb, RMI guides lead fundraiser participants on a guided trip to the summit of Mt. Rainier. Between 1988 and 2014, RMI has raised $4.4 million for the ALA. In 2009, RMI guides Ed Viesturs and Peter Whittaker led a charity climb on Mt. Rainier with NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, former Seattle Seahawks Coach Jim Mora, and former Seattle Seahawks CEO Tod Leiweke. The mountaineering trip raised $400,000 for United Way of King County in Washington State. Also in 2009, RMI founded the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17943613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peak 2 Peak Gondola\",\n \"text\": \"cabins in a cabin parking area when the system is not in use. There are four intermediate towers, two on Whistler Mountain and two on Blackcomb Mountain that support the cables, which range in height from 30 to 65 metres (100 to 210 feet). Combined, they contain 400 metric tonnes of steel. The 28 CWA-manufactured gondola cabins hold 28 people each, with 22 seated and 6 standing. 26 of the cabins are painted red while 2 are painted silver and have glass floors. The Peak 2 Peak Gondola has a number of unique safety systems beyond what a normal ski\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12237804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yakima Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Yakima Peak Yakima Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Yakima Peak is situated northwest of Tipsoo Lake and west of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Deadwood Peak, to the north. The name \\\"Yakima Peak\\\" honors the Yakima Tribe of eastern Washington state. From Chinook Pass, a short scramble up a gully on the north side leads to a flat summit with unobstructed views of Mount Rainier and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20845883\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Little Tahoma Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Little Tahoma Peak Little Tahoma Peak, also called Little Tahoma, is a satellite peak of Mount Rainier in Pierce County, Washington and in Mount Rainier National Park. It is quite noticeable from Seattle over away. Little Tahoma Peak is a volcanic remnant. It was part of a larger Mount Rainier which has eroded. The rock is quite unstable and in 1963 a large avalanche originating below it covered the lower section of Emmons Glacier with rock debris. The Fryingpan Glacier and Whitman Glacier are located just to the east of the peak. Little Tahoma Peak can most easily be accessed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4482386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bismarck Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Bismarck Peak Bismarck Peak is a mountain summit centrally located in the William O. Douglas Wilderness on land administered by the Wenatchee National Forest. It is also 24 miles east-southeast of Mount Rainier in Yakima County of Washington state. Bismarck Peak is situated east of the crest of the Cascade Range, southeast of Bumping Lake, south of Mount Aix, and northwest of Rimrock Lake. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Aix, to the north-northeast. Aix and Bismarck are the two highest peaks midway between Mount Rainier National Park and Yakima, Washington so they are quite prominent. Precipitation runoff from Bismarck\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20927885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peak 2 Peak Gondola\",\n \"text\": \"Peak 2 Peak Gondola The Peak 2 Peak Gondola is a tri-cable gondola lift located in Whistler, British Columbia that links Whistler Mountain's Roundhouse Lodge with Blackcomb Mountain's Rendezvous Lodge. It is the first lift to join the two side-by-side mountains. It held the world record for the longest free span between ropeway towers—3.03 kilometres (1.88 miles) until 2017 when the Eibsee Cable Car exceeded it by 189m. It is still the highest point above the ground—436 metres (1,430 feet.) (A temporary aerial tramway in Switzerland used between 1979 and 1986 had larger span.) The Peak 2 Peak Gondola was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12237789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foss Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Foss Peak Foss Peak is a 6,524 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The peak is named for Thea Foss (1857-1927) who founded the Foss Maritime Company with her husband in 1889. The peak also has an alternate name, \\\"Manatee Mountain\\\". The nearest higher peak is West Unicorn Peak, to the southeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Foss Peak is located in the marine west coast climate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20859391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"and Lassen Peak in California, Crater Lake, Three Sisters, and Mount Hood in Oregon, Mount Saint Helens, Mount Adams, Glacier Peak, and Mount Baker in Washington, and Mount Cayley, Mount Garibaldi, Silverthrone Caldera, and Mount Meager in British Columbia. All of the above are dormant, but could return to activity, and scientists on both sides of the border gather research of the past eruptions of each in order to predict how mountains in this arc will behave and what they are capable of in the future, including Mount Rainier. Of these, only two have erupted since the beginning of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"of causing great loss of life and property if eruptive activity resumes. If Mt. Rainier were to erupt as powerfully as Mount St. Helens did in its May 18, 1980 eruption, the effect would be cumulatively greater, because of the far more massive amounts of glacial ice locked on the volcano compared to Mount St. Helens, the vastly more heavily populated areas surrounding Rainier, and the simple fact that Mt Rainier is a much bigger volcano, almost twice the size of St. Helens. Lahars from Rainier pose the most risk to life and property, as many communities lie atop older\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956924\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tolmie Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Tolmie Peak Tolmie Peak is a peak in the Mount Rainier area of the Cascade Range, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located northwest of Mowich Lake, in the northwest part of Mount Rainier National Park. Streams that drain the slopes of Tolmie Peak, including Tolmie Creek and Ranger Creek, join the Carbon River, which flows into the Puyallup River and Puget Sound. Just south of Tolmie Peak, in a basin carved by glaciers, lies Eunice Lake. To the northwest is Howard Peak. Tolmie Peak is named for William Fraser Tolmie. In August 1833, employed by Hudson's Bay\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10468831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"the late 1920s and early 1930s, several of these mill operations and many of the local buildings were destroyed by a series of fires, leading many residents to seek work at Weyerhaeuser Lumber at nearby Vail, which is now a ghost town. Rainier's 1940 population was 500. In 1941, the \\\"WPA Guide to Washington\\\" described Rainier as \\\"the social center for farmers and loggers of the vicinity, although its closed mills and vacant houses mark it as a ghost lumber town.\\\" Rainier was officially incorporated on October 23, 1947. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1247495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foss Peak\",\n \"text\": \"little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Foss Peak Foss Peak is a 6,524 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The peak is named for Thea Foss (1857-1927) who founded the Foss Maritime Company with her husband in 1889. The peak also has an alternate name, \\\"Manatee Mountain\\\". The nearest higher peak is West Unicorn Peak, to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20859393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Zion (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"slopes. One of the tallest offers westward views of Gray Wolf Ridge. Views of the Olympic Mountains are screened by trees, but glimpses of Mount Baker and Mount Shuksan are there for the taking to the northeast and Mount Rainier can be seen to the southeast. Mount Zion (Washington) Mount Zion is a peak in the Olympic National Forest. The peak is located northwest of Quilcene, and near Lords Lake and Bon Jon Pass. Billed as one of the easier hikes in the Olympics, Zion offers a elevation gain in just under . For those testing its trail in June\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13767091\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peak 2 Peak Gondola\",\n \"text\": \"Peak 2 Peak Gondola terminal buildings are the two largest lift terminals in the world. To create the concrete footings, platforms, masts, and columns, of concrete had to be trucked and helicoptered up the mountains. The Whistler terminal, which houses the drive motors and backup engines in an underground vault is 26 metres (85 feet) wide and 42 metres (138 feet) long and has 228 tonnes of steel. The Blackcomb Terminal is 26 metres (85 feet) wide and 48 metres (158 feet) long and contains 279 tonnes of steel. The Blackcomb terminal can house 15 cabins, the Whistler terminal 13\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12237803\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boundary Peak (Nevada)\",\n \"text\": \"taller Montgomery Peak () is less than a mile away, across the state line in California. By most definitions Boundary Peak, which has a prominence of only 253 feet, is considered to be a sub-peak of Montgomery Peak. Boundary Peak is only taller than Wheeler Peak, which is located in Great Basin National Park, White Pine County in eastern Nevada. By most definitions, Wheeler Peak is the tallest independent mountain within Nevada. This peak is most often climbed from the Nevada side. From there, a climber may scramble the ridge connecting to Montgomery Peak. It is recommended that the U.S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3841364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Plummer Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Plummer Peak Plummer Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County, Washington. With an elevation of it is the seventh highest peak in the Tatoosh Range. It was named for Fred G. Plummer, a Forest Service cartographer who taught geography in Tacoma Public Schools. Hiking to the summit requires a mix of hillwalking and scrambling. The area is also used for skiing, though avalanches present a danger; in 1988, skier Pamela Benton Lee died after being buried by an avalanche on Plummer Peak. From the peak, views of Mount Rainier, the town of Packwood, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15766958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidential Range\",\n \"text\": \"some of the world's highest mountains, including K2 and Everest. Mt. Washington, long home of the highest winds recorded on the surface of the Earth at , is the tallest at , followed by neighboring peaks Mt. Adams at and Mt. Jefferson at . The range is almost entirely in Coos County. The highest mountains in the Presidential Range are named principally for U.S. presidents, with the tallest mountain (Mt. Washington) named for the first president, the second tallest (Mt. Adams) for the second president, and so on. However, due to a surveying error, Mt. Monroe is actually taller than\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2204726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Club\",\n \"text\": \"Rainier Club The Rainier Club is a private club in Seattle, Washington; it has been referred to as \\\"Seattle's preeminent private club.\\\" Its clubhouse building, completed in 1904, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was founded in 1888 in what was then the Washington Territory (statehood came the following year). As of 2008, the club has 1,300 members. The Rainier Club was first proposed at a February 23, 1888 meeting of six Seattle civic leaders; it was formally incorporated July 25, 1888. The attendees of the original meeting were J. R. McDonald, president of the Seattle,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13504460\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wahpenayo Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Wahpenayo Peak Wahpenayo Peak is a 6,231 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The mountain is named for \\\"Wahpenayo\\\", a native American chief who was the father-in-law of Indian Henry. Precipitation runoff on the south and east side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River, whereas the north side drains into tributaries of the Nisqually River. Wahpenayo Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20859352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"of Yelm, Rainier, and Tenino in a paved pathway for walkers and bikers. Other parks in Rainier include Gehrke Park, Holiday Park, and Raintree Park. The government of Rainier is comprised a mayor and a city council. In 2017, Robert Shaw became the mayor of Rainier. The city council in 2010 consisted of councilmembers Kristin Guizzetti,George Johnson, Tom Arnbrister, Jonathan Stephenson, and Everett Gage. Other government positions in Rainier include that of city administrator, clerk, treasurer, city attorney, fire chief, and public works director. Rainier is served by the Rainier School District. The district consists of an elementary school, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1247503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital\",\n \"text\": \"celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1964, having provided care for over 6,000 children. The Baltimore Sun noted “its likeness to a special pediatric hospital rather than a convalescent home.” In 1964 Happy Hills also began the journey to its name today. Starting with the changing of the name to Happy Hills Hospital in 1964, then in 1975 to Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital. Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital gained certification from The Joint Commission in 1979. Shortly after Joint Commission certification, the hospital received accreditation from Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities(CARF). Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital became the first children’s hospital in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13730311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Strawberry Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Strawberry Peak Strawberry Peak () is a prominent peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California. It is located about north of Pasadena, and from Los Angeles, along the Angeles Crest Highway. Strawberry Peak is the tallest of the front range peaks, being three feet higher than nearby San Gabriel Peak. Both can be widely seen from greater Los Angeles and the San Gabriel Valley, and are popular with hikers. Other prominent nearby peaks include Josephine Peak and Mount Wilson. Strawberry Peak was named by mountaineers over a century ago, who felt the peak resembled an enormous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12820394\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wahpenayo Peak\",\n \"text\": \"during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Wahpenayo Peak Wahpenayo Peak is a 6,231 ft summit in the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park, in Lewis County of Washington state. The mountain is named for \\\"Wahpenayo\\\", a native American chief who was the father-in-law of Indian Henry. Precipitation runoff on the south and east side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River, whereas the north side drains into tributaries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20859354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seymour Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Seymour Peak Seymour Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated southeast of Cayuse Pass and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak is Dewey Peak, to the east. Seymour Peak is named for William Wolcott Seymour (1861-1929), mayor of Tacoma, Washington from 1911 to 1914. He was also a philanthropist, mountaineer, and a contributor to the scouting movement. Precipitation runoff from Seymour Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Seymour Peak is located in the marine west coast climate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Oregon\",\n \"text\": \"the city was $18,511. About 8.4% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over. The Portland and Western Railroad runs through Rainier. Amtrak passenger rail service is available across the Columbia River in Kelso at the Kelso Multimodal Transportation Center. In 2005, Teevin Terminal, a barge terminal, opened in Rainier, directly across the Columbia from the Port of Longview in Washington. The Oregon Transportation Commission awarded Teevin Bros. a grant of more than $2 million in 2012 to build a “T-pier,”\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1195210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yakima County, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"County is the second-largest county in Washington by land area and third-largest by total area. Yakima County is reputed to be one of the most difficult places on earth to predict weather, because of its surrounding mountains. The county's area is larger than the states of Delaware and Rhode Island combined. The highest point in the county is Mount Adams, which is the second tallest peak in Washington and the third tallest in the Cascade Range. As of the census of 2000, there were 222,581 people, 73,993 households, and 54,606 families residing in the county. The population density was 52\",\n \"psg_id\": \"905185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"glacial ice, Mt. Rainier could produce massive lahars that could threaten the entire Puyallup River valley, and poses a grave threat to the southern sections of the 3.7-million-resident Seattle metropolitan area. Mount Rainier was first known by the local Salishan speakers as Talol, or Tacoma or Tahoma. One hypothesis of the word origin is (\\\"mother of waters\\\"), in the Lushootseed language spoken by the Puyallup people. Another hypothesis is that \\\"Tacoma\\\" means \\\"larger than Mount Baker\\\" in Lushootseed: \\\"Ta\\\", larger, plus \\\"Koma (Kulshan)\\\", Mount Baker. Other names originally used include Tahoma, Tacobeh, and Pooskaus. The current name was given by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"George Vancouver, who named it in honor of his friend, Rear Admiral Peter Rainier. The of 1804-1806 refers to it as \\\"Mt. Regniere\\\". Although \\\"Rainier\\\" had been considered the official name of the mountain, Theodore Winthrop, in his posthumously published 1862 travel book \\\"The Canoe and the Saddle\\\", referred to the mountain as \\\"Tacoma\\\" and for a time, both names were used interchangeably, although \\\"Mt. Tacoma\\\" was preferred in the city of Tacoma. In 1890, the United States Board on Geographic Names declared that the mountain would be known as \\\"Rainier\\\". Following this in 1897, the Pacific Forest Reserve became\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheeler Peak Glacier\",\n \"text\": \"Wheeler Peak Glacier Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the U.S. state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a peak carved and shaped by glaciers over a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15321147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gray Peak (New York)\",\n \"text\": \"somewhat limited view from Gray's summit, means that it is less frequently climbed than many shorter peaks. Gray Peak (New York) Gray Peak is the seventh-highest peak in the High Peaks Region of the Adirondack Park, in New York, United States, and is located in close proximity to Mount Marcy, the highest peak in New York state. Gray Peak is southwest of Mt. Marcy and southeast of Mount Colden. It was named for Asa Gray by Verplanck Colvin. Gray Peak is most frequently climbed from Lake Tear of the Clouds, with approaches via Elk Lake or Upper Works. Gray is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9394704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier)\",\n \"text\": \"cliff in between the Wilson and Nisqually Glacier at . Meltwater from the glacier feeds the Nisqually River. Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier) The Wilson Glacier is a medium-sized tributary glacier located on the southeast flank of Mount Rainier in Washington. Named after A.D. Wilson, who was part of an early ascent of Mount Rainier, the body of ice has an area of and has a volume of 1.9 billion feet (54 million m). The glacier is directly feeds ice to the adjacent, but much larger Nisqually Glacier. Starting from the head at , the glacier flows downhill southward. One part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10257121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier)\",\n \"text\": \"Wilson Glacier (Mount Rainier) The Wilson Glacier is a medium-sized tributary glacier located on the southeast flank of Mount Rainier in Washington. Named after A.D. Wilson, who was part of an early ascent of Mount Rainier, the body of ice has an area of and has a volume of 1.9 billion feet (54 million m). The glacier is directly feeds ice to the adjacent, but much larger Nisqually Glacier. Starting from the head at , the glacier flows downhill southward. One part of the glacier meets the Nisqually Glacier at and the other part of the glacier ends on a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10257120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seymour Peak\",\n \"text\": \"or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Seymour Peak Seymour Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated southeast of Cayuse Pass and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak is Dewey Peak, to the east. Seymour Peak is named for William Wolcott Seymour (1861-1929), mayor of Tacoma, Washington from 1911 to 1914. He was also a philanthropist, mountaineer, and a contributor to the scouting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lookout Mountain (Hood River County, Oregon)\",\n \"text\": \"Lookout Mountain (Hood River County, Oregon) Lookout Mountain, elevation , is the second highest peak in Oregon's Mount Hood National Forest and the highest point in Badger Creek Wilderness. It sits about east-southeast of Mount Hood, separated from it by the valley of the East Fork Hood River. From its summit and with good visibility, one may see (from approximately west and moving clockwise) Mt. Hood, Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Rainier, Mt. Adams, Broken Top, South Sister, North Sister, Mt. Washington, and Mt. Jefferson with the unassisted eye. In 1911 a Forest Service lookout was built on the summit and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18120205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital\",\n \"text\": \"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital is a 102-bed non-profit children's hospital set in the scenic neighborhood of Mt. Washington in Baltimore that provides long-term care for children with complex health problems. MWPH is jointly owned by Johns Hopkins Medical System and University of Maryland Medical System. Funded by patient revenue and private charitable donations, Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital is a comprehensive sub-acute care facility for children from birth to young adult; MWPH provides transitional and support care for a variety of conditions, including premature birth, serious and chronic illness, traumatic injury, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13730307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the world's tallest buildings\",\n \"text\": \"plant space do not contribute towards mixed-use status. Skyscrapers used primarily or exclusively as hotels or residential space are generally shorter than office and mixed-use buildings, with only a few supertall buildings of the residential or hotel types among the 100 tallest skyscrapers. The tallest completed residential building (minimum 85% residential) is 432 Park Avenue in New York City, followed by the Princess Tower and 23 Marina, both in Dubai. The tallest completed hotels (primarily hotel space) are the Gevora Hotel, the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai twin towers, the Rose Tower, and the Burj Al Arab, all located in Dubai.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13570331\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wheeler Peak Glacier\",\n \"text\": \"will likely disappear within the next 20 years. Wheeler Peak Glacier Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the U.S. state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15321152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the world's tallest buildings\",\n \"text\": \"of world's tallest building was borne by shorter buildings. St. Mary's Church in Stralsund became the world's tallest building after the collapse of Lincoln Cathedral's spire. The central tower of St. Pierre's Cathedral was tallest from 1569 until it collapsed in 1573, making St. Mary's the tallest once again. In 1647, the bell tower of St. Mary's burned down, making the shorter Strasbourg Cathedral the world's tallest building. It was not until the completion of the Ulm Minster in 1890 that the world's tallest building was again also the tallest building ever constructed, surpassing the original configuration of Lincoln Cathedral.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13570321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Buell Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Buell Peak Buell Peak is a small 5,756 ft (1,754 m) summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated 1.5 miles southwest of Cayuse Pass and 0.53 mile east-southeast of Barrier Peak, which is its nearest higher peak. The normal climbing access is from the Owyhigh Lakes Trail. The peak's name honors John Latimore Buell who arrived in Orting, Washington in 1890 and went into the hardware business. Buell Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20881466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Oregon\",\n \"text\": \"Rainier, Oregon Rainier is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States. The city's population was 1,895 at the 2010 census. Rainier is on the south bank of the Columbia River across from Kelso and Longview, Washington. Rainier was founded in 1851 on the south bank of the Columbia River by Charles E. Fox, the town's first postman. First called Eminence, its name was later changed to Fox's Landing and finally to Rainier. The name Rainier was taken from Mount Rainier in Washington, which can be seen from hills above the city. Rainier was incorporated in 1881. For much of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1195201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak Granite Peak-Northwest Peak () is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is also known as Peak 12745, and is only northwest of Granite Peak, the tallest mountain in Montana. With just over of topographic prominence, Granite Peak-Northwest Peak may be considered a distinct peak from Granite Peak, or merely a lower subpeak due to being part of the same massif. If considered a distinct peak, it is the second tallest mountain in Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19657361\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak Granite Peak-Northwest Peak () is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is also known as Peak 12745, and is only northwest of Granite Peak, the tallest mountain in Montana. With just over of topographic prominence, Granite Peak-Northwest Peak may be considered a distinct peak from Granite Peak, or merely a lower subpeak due to being part of the same massif. If considered a distinct peak, it is the second tallest mountain in Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19657360\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Beach, Seattle\",\n \"text\": \"Transit Link Light Rail station, the Rainier Beach Station. To the north, this station connects Rainier Beach to Downtown Seattle, Capitol Hill, and the University of Washington. The Rainier Beach Station also provides service to the south, to the Seattle Tacoma International Airport. King County Metro also serves the Rainier Beach area: Rainier Beach, Seattle Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington that are mostly residential. Also called Atlantic City, Rainier Beach can include Dunlap, Pritchard Island, and Rainier View neighborhoods. The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington. Its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6848514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier High School\",\n \"text\": \"dominated the Seamount League in the 1980s and 1990s, winning 83 straight matches and one state title in boys' tennis. In 1995, Mt. Rainier girls finished first and second in state, with Courtney Perkins defeating Lara Botts in the State Championship. Top tennis player Lynn Johnson graduated in 1992 with a full ride scholarship to play on the offensive line for the Washington Huskies football team. The boys' basketball team finished third in the state AAA championship in 1971, losing to Pasco in a record quadruple overtime semi-final. The team has regained a measure of success, returning to the AAA\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7677779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Beach, Seattle\",\n \"text\": \"Rainier Beach, Seattle Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington that are mostly residential. Also called Atlantic City, Rainier Beach can include Dunlap, Pritchard Island, and Rainier View neighborhoods. The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington. Its primary arterials are Rainier and Renton Avenues South (northwest- and southeast-bound). Neighborhood boundaries are informal and sometimes overlapping in Seattle; formal designations have not existed since 1910. Rainier Beach blends with the Rainier Valley neighborhood of Dunlap (also called Othello) on the north. On the east is Lake Washington, and the South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6848500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dege Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Dege Peak Dege Peak is a summit located in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains in Mount Rainier National Park. It was named in 1932 for James Henry Dege (born 1868), a prominent Tacoma businessman and Captain of the First Regiment National Guard of Washington. His mother was a descendant of President Zachary Taylor. The peak is a popular hiking destination with views of the Emmons Glacier, Winthrop Glacier, Inter Glacier, Fryingpan Glacier, Little Tahoma Peak, and views in all directions because the trail is above tree line. The trail starts at the Sunrise\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837169\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital\",\n \"text\": \"as one of 217 hospitals in the United States receiving Stage 6 HIMMS designation for its use of electronic medical records. The hospital has been recognized for establishing one of the first programs in the region addressing childhood obesity. Other programs include: Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital is a 102-bed non-profit children's hospital set in the scenic neighborhood of Mt. Washington in Baltimore that provides long-term care for children with complex health problems. MWPH is jointly owned by Johns Hopkins Medical System and University of Maryland Medical System. Funded by patient revenue and private charitable donations, Mt.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13730315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Bancorp\",\n \"text\": \"to the Californian thrift of the same named that failed in 1989). After a brief bidding war with First Bank System, Rainier Bancorp. was acquired by Security Pacific Corporation in 1987 for $1.15 billion in stock. At the time of its acquisition, it was the second largest bank in the state. After the merger, Rainier Bancorporation was renamed Security Pacific Bancorporation Northwest, and Rainier National Bank was renamed Security Pacific Bank Washington. Rainier Bank Alaska was renamed Security Pacific Bank Alaska. Rainier Bank Oregon was merged into recently acquired Oregon Bank to form Security Pacific Bank Oregon. In 1992 Security\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12509967\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"White River (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"White River (Washington) The White River is a white, glacial river in the U.S. state of Washington. It flows about 75 miles (121 km) from its source, the Emmons Glacier on Mount Rainier, to join the Puyallup River at Sumner. It defines part of the boundary between King and Pierce counties. A second White River has its source in Glacier Peak Wilderness and flows southeast to Lake Wenatchee. The source of the White River is the Emmons Glacier on the northeast side of Mount Rainier. The river flows from ice caves at the toe of the glacier. Its upper reach\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3016030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dewey Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Dewey Peak Dewey Peak is a summit located on the shared border of Mount Rainier National Park and William O. Douglas Wilderness. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Dewey Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range southeast of Chinook Pass, east of Seymour Peak, and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak is Chinook Peak, to the north. Dewey Peak is named for Dewey Lake which is set below its north aspect. Precipitation runoff from Dewey Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River and Yakima\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peak 2 Peak Gondola\",\n \"text\": \"they were never sold because the gondola has retained the Peak 2 Peak name. The cables were manufactured by Fatzer AG, a Swiss company that develops, manufactures and markets wire ropes worldwide. The Peak 2 Peak cables include four stationary track ropes, two in each direction, which act like railroad tracks for the cabins. Each track rope weighs approximately 90 metric tonnes. There is a single haul rope which moves in a continuous loop and pulls the cabins. This cable weighs more than 80 metric tonnes. There are a total of of cable on the Peak 2 Peak Gondola. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12237802\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pierce County, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"Pierce County, Washington Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 795,225, making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County. The county seat and largest city is Tacoma. Formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory, it was named for U.S. President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is in the Seattle metropolitan area (formally the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA metropolitan statistical area). Pierce County is notable for being home to Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain and a volcano in the Cascade Range.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"905318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"World's tallest thermometer\",\n \"text\": \"after summer 2017. The world's tallest thermometer is located at 72157 Baker Boulevard in Baker, California. It is visible from three different angles along Interstate 15 in Southern California's Mojave Desert. A gift shop at the base of the thermometer stands near a commemorative plaque that describes the history of the site. World's tallest thermometer The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913. The sign weighs and is held together by of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6794556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Rainier\",\n \"text\": \"putting together the Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System to assist in the emergency evacuation of the Puyallup River valley in the event of a catastrophic debris flow. It is now run by the Pierce County Department of Emergency Management. Tacoma, at the mouth of the Puyallup, is only west of Rainier, and moderately sized towns such as Puyallup and Orting are only away, respectively. Mt. Rainier appears on four distinct United States postage stamp issues. In 1934, it was the 3-cent issue in a series of National Park stamps, and was also shown on a souvenir sheet issued for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12956939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Naches Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Naches Peak Naches Peak is a summit located on the shared border of Mount Rainier National Park and William O. Douglas Wilderness. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Naches Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range and immediately southeast of Chinook Pass. Its nearest higher peak is Tahtlum Peak, to the east. The name \\\"Naches Peak\\\" was proposed by the Yakima Chamber of Commerce and approved by Asahel Curtis in 1927. The Naches Peak Loop Trail is a popular 3.5 mile trail encircling the peak. Precipitation runoff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20838401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Oregon\",\n \"text\": \"receive services out of Rainier. These communities include Fern Hill, Hudson, Alston, Apiary, Goble, and Prescott. Except for Prescott, which is an incorporated city (despite having neither a post office nor a separate telephone exchange), little remains to identify these places today other than left-over identifying signs or historic landmarks, such as abandoned or converted school buildings. Residents here may say they live in Rainier or will alternatively use the name of the individual community. The Lewis and Clark Bridge spans the Columbia River, linking Rainier to Longview, Washington. It is the only bridge, that spans the entire width of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1195204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norse Peak Wilderness\",\n \"text\": \"Norse Peak Wilderness Norse Peak Wilderness is a designated wilderness area located in central Washington in the United States. It protects the portion of the Cascade Range north of Chinook Pass (Highway 410), south of Naches Pass (Naches Trail), and east of Mount Rainier National Park. It is bordered by the William O. Douglas Wilderness to the south. The wilderness is named for a prominent peak which overlooks Crystal Mountain Ski Area. Roughly triangular, it is about 10 miles (16 km) across and contains no roads. The Norse Peak Wilderness was established by the 1984 Washington State Wilderness bill and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6206153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier Mountaineering\",\n \"text\": \"accredited by the American Mountain Guides Association (AMGA). AMGA accreditation certifies that client education in essential mountaineering skills is a primary focus of the mountain guide company. RMI Expeditions leads mountaineering trips on Mt. Rainier, the Seven Summits – Mt. Everest, Aconcagua, Mt. McKinley, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Elbrus, Vinson Massif, and Carstensz Pyramid. The company also guides in the North Cascades, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. RMI Expeditions guides include Peter Whittaker, Dave Hahn, Melissa Arnot, and Ed Viesturs. In 2014, RMI was named “Best Outfitter” by Outside Magazine in their 2014 Travel Awards. Since 1988, RMI has supported the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17943612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shriner Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Shriner Peak Shriner Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated south of Cayuse Pass, southwest of Seymour Peak, and southeast of Double Peak. A four mile trail leads from Highway 123 to the Shriner Peak Fire Lookout at the top of the mountain. Precipitation runoff from Shriner Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Shriner Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shriner Peak\",\n \"text\": \"and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Shriner Peak Shriner Peak is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated south of Cayuse Pass, southwest of Seymour Peak, and southeast of Double Peak. A four mile trail leads from Highway 123 to the Shriner Peak Fire Lookout at the top of the mountain. Precipitation runoff from Shriner Peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River. Shriner Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deadwood Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Deadwood Peak Deadwood Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Deadwood Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range, immediately north of Yakima Peak and Chinook Pass, with the Pacific Crest Trail traversing its east slope. Its nearest higher peak is Naches Peak, to the southeast. Deadwood Peak takes its name from \\\"Deadwood Lakes\\\" and \\\"Deadwood Creek\\\" to its northwest, and their names came from the large number of downed trees in the area. From\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20845898\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frosty Peak Volcano\",\n \"text\": \"Frosty Peak Volcano Frosty Peak Volcano, also known as Mt. Frosty, Frosty Volcano, or Cold Bay Volcano, is a 6,299 ft (1,920 m) stratovolcano at the southwest end of the Alaska Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Frosty Peak is the tallest and most recently formed peak of the volcanic complex. Its exact age is unknown, but it was probably formed in the middle to late Pleistocene, and possibly erupted even more recently. Frosty Peak is the southern cone of the double-coned Frosty Volcano, which formed in the middle Pleistocene some time before the Wisconsin Glaciation. Frosty Volcano itself\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4518279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Glacier View Wilderness\",\n \"text\": \"Glacier View Wilderness Glacier View Wilderness is a wilderness adjacent to the west side of Mount Rainier National Park in Washington State. It was designated as wilderness in 1984. Glacier View Wilderness has views of the glaciated slopes of Mount Rainier which lies to the east. This includes viewing points from Mt. Belijica (5,476 feet) and Glacier View Point (5,507 feet). Glacier View Point is the former site of a fire lookout built in 1934. The wilderness is administered by the Gifford Pinchot National Forest through the Cowlitz Valley Ranger district with headquarters located in Randle, Washington. The wilderness is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9730701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frosty Peak Volcano\",\n \"text\": \"is located on the northern flank of an even older volcano, the Morzhovoi Volcano. Morzhovoi Volcano was probably formed in the early to middle Pleistocene, and collapsed into a caldera. The highest points that remain from the caldera are called North and South Walrus Peak. Frosty Peak Volcano Frosty Peak Volcano, also known as Mt. Frosty, Frosty Volcano, or Cold Bay Volcano, is a 6,299 ft (1,920 m) stratovolcano at the southwest end of the Alaska Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Frosty Peak is the tallest and most recently formed peak of the volcanic complex. Its exact age\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4518280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chinook Peak\",\n \"text\": \"maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Chinook Peak Chinook Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Chinook Peak is situated north of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Crystal Mountain, to the north. Cupalo Rock is one mile to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff from Chinook Peak drains into tributaries of the White River and Yakima River. Chinook Peak is located in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Barrier Peak\",\n \"text\": \"danger. Precipitation runoff from Barrier Peak drains into tributaries of the White River and Cowlitz River. Barrier Peak Barrier Peak is a small 6,521 ft (1,988 m) summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated west of Cayuse Pass, 0.53 mile west-northwest of Buell Peak, and 0.4 mile south-southwest of Governors Ridge, which is its nearest higher peak. The normal climbing access is from the Owyhigh Lakes Trail. Barrier Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20842324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chinook Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Chinook Peak Chinook Peak is a summit located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Chinook Peak is situated north of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Range. Its nearest higher peak is Crystal Mountain, to the north. Cupalo Rock is one mile to the east-northeast. Precipitation runoff from Chinook Peak drains into tributaries of the White River and Yakima River. Chinook Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rainier, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"parent corporation of the Rainier Area Building Community, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Rainier Historical Society began restoring Rainier's historic schoolhouse, which was built in 1915, and converting it into a community center known as the Lifelong Learning Center. In 2005, the Rainier Food Bank was opened at the site, serving patrons on Wednesdays and Saturdays. A thrift store was also opened, with the proceeds going to fund the operational costs of the building. An art gallery and public meeting rooms followed. In November 2009, the Rainier Volunteer Library opened at the center, featuring a collection of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1247505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dewey Peak\",\n \"text\": \"Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Dewey Peak Dewey Peak is a summit located on the shared border of Mount Rainier National Park and William O. Douglas Wilderness. It is also on the shared border of Pierce County and Yakima County in Washington state. Dewey Peak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range southeast of Chinook Pass, east of Seymour Peak, and northeast of Shriner Peak. Its nearest higher peak\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837619\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["mount adams (washington)","mt. adams (washington)","pahto","geology of mount adams","team delta","mt adams"],"string":"[\n \"mount adams (washington)\",\n \"mt. adams (washington)\",\n \"pahto\",\n \"geology of mount adams\",\n \"team delta\",\n \"mt adams\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78291,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"a group of producers acting together to fix prices are known as what?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Prices of production","text":"are fundamentally determined by the comparative labour requirements of those products, and therefore are constrained by the law of value. Since, however, not all goods are produced or reproducible goods, not all goods have production prices. A production price in Marx's sense can exist only in markets developed sufficiently for a \"normal\" rate of profit on production capital invested to become the ruling average for a group of producers. Substantively, Marx argues that the prices of new products sold will, assuming free competition for an open market, tend to settle at an average level that enables at least a \"normal\"","psg_id":"5528116"},{"title":"A Quick Fix of Melancholy","text":"together everything forms a sublime masterpiece.” John Chedsey, writing for Satan Stole My Teddybear, concluded, “This is so far one of the most impressive feats for Ulver, showing they are doing nothing but growing within their chosen musical pursuit. Music is indeed an extension of one's inner expressions and Ulver seems to have tapped into a musical vein that not many are aware of. The growing skill in which Ulver is putting together their music is quite impressive and this EP is making me salivate at the thought of future releases.” A Quick Fix of Melancholy A Quick Fix of","psg_id":"5192310"},{"title":"A Fix with Sontarans","text":"for \"Doctor Who\" audio play producers Big Finish, but is in fact the current Head of Campaigns for children's charity Save the Children. \"A Fix with Sontarans\" was broadcast during the run of \"The Two Doctors\" (on the same day as Part 2) and is featured as an extra on the DVD release of that story. Later pressings of the Region 2 DVD have removed the segment due to the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal. A Fix with Sontarans \"A Fix with Sontarans\" is a specially written segment produced for the BBC children's programme \"Jim'll Fix It\" featuring Colin Baker","psg_id":"17014675"},{"title":"The Big Fix (1947 film)","text":"The Big Fix (1947 film) The Big Fix is a 1947 film, directed by James Flood. It stars Sheila Ryan, Noreen Nash, James Brown and Regis Toomey. The story concerns the efforts of a crooked gambling ring to fix college basketball games. This film was the final production of Producers Releasing Corporation. After retiring from the service, Ken Williams goes back to his old school, Norton University, where he used to be an appreciated student with an expected future as a basketball player. Together with fellow veteran Andy Rawlins, Ken registers to continue and complete his studies. They are welcomed","psg_id":"16149998"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"or \"ideal\" prices? What exactly is the \"average\" an \"average\" of? What does the \"cost-price\" really refer to, and at what point in the process (inputs purchased, output produced before sales, output sold)? Marx talks about production prices variously as: Consequently, it remains somewhat ambiguous in what way such prices exist in reality. The conceptual challenge in modelling is to show how these three variables are related. It could, in principle, also be argued that \"some\" types of production prices are \"empirical\" price averages, while other ones only express \"theoretical\" price-levels. Obviously, if production prices are regarded only as purely","psg_id":"5528135"},{"title":"Measurable acting group","text":"let formula_7 be the product formula_3-algebra of the formula_3-algebras formula_10 and formula_11. Let formula_4 act on formula_13 with group action If formula_15 is a measurable function from formula_16 to formula_17, then it is called a measurable group action. In this case, the group formula_4 is said to act measurable on formula_13. One special case of measurable acting groups are measurable groups themselves. If formula_20, and the group action is the group law, then a measurable group is a group formula_4, acting measurably on formula_4. Measurable acting group In mathematics, a measurable acting group is a special group that acts on","psg_id":"20866087"},{"title":"Measurable acting group","text":"Measurable acting group In mathematics, a measurable acting group is a special group that acts on some space in a way that is compatible with structures of measure theory. Measurable acting groups are found in the intersection of measure theory and group theory, two sub-disciplines of mathematics. Measurable acting groups are the basis for the study of invariant measures in abstract settings, most famously the Haar measure, and the study of stationary random measures. Let formula_1 be a measurable group, where formula_2 denotes the formula_3-algebra on formula_4 and formula_5 the group law. Let further formula_6 be a measurable space and","psg_id":"20866086"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"\"value-based management\" by corporations, we can witness a continual cross-reference between past prices, current prices and future prices occurring, because there is practically no other way to do it for business purposes. In the words of group controller Gerard Ruizendaal of Royal Philips Electronics, A partner of McKinsey & Company comments: .In that case, it is \"impossible\" for the sum of input values to be exactly equal to the sum of output values. Indeed, that is exactly what, according to Marx, capitalists are in business for: to invest a sum of capital in production in order to get a \"larger\"","psg_id":"5528160"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"costs, yielding a zero net gain. So from Marx's point of view, input-output economics really mystified the \"capital-relationship\", i.e. the ability of the bourgeoisie to capitalize on the surplus labour of the workforce in virtue of its ownership of the means of production (in chapter 48 of \"Capital, Volume III\", he refers satirically to the factors of production theory as the \"holy trinity\" of political economy). A third source of interpretive difficulty concerns the question of \"what kinds of prices\" production prices really are. Do these prices really exist, and if so, in what way? Or are they only \"theoretical\"","psg_id":"5528134"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"\"level out\" as a result of business competition, so that a general norm emerges for the profitability of industries. In capitalist production, a basic profit impost is the normal precondition for the supply of goods and services. When competition for product markets intensifies, the producers' margin between cost prices and sale prices, their true income, shrinks. In that case, the producers can only maintain their profits, either by reducing their costs and improving productivity, or by capturing a bigger market share and selling more product in less time, or both (the only other option they can try is product differentiation).","psg_id":"5528112"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"commodities in capitalist society has become \"conditional\" on the accumulation of capital, and therefore on profit margins and profit rates, within the framework of market competition. Nevertheless, Marx argues that production prices are still determined by underlying product-values (i.e. the average labour requirements for their supply). There is no logical proof available for that argument, only an empirical proof, insofar as there is a close correspondence between the magnitudes of producers' product prices and the magnitudes of labour-time required to produce them, across longer intervals of time (see below). If market trade consisted only of simple exchange (the exchange of","psg_id":"5528170"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"tasks and activities in production for the growth of capital, without full certainty of results. But in that case, the domains of product-\"values\" and product-\"prices\", and consequently the domains of value relations and price relations, were \"separate but co-existing and overlapping domains\" (unless one is willing to argue that goods have an economic value only at the point where they are being sold for a price). \"Price management\" was not really possible insofar as prices were determined by markets which individual producers could not control, but \"value-based\" management was possible. How could this business reality best be modelled? In contemporary","psg_id":"5528159"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"Prices of production Prices of production (or \"production prices\"; in German \"Produktionspreise\") is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, defined as \"cost-price + average profit\". A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services would have to be sold by the producers, in order to reach a normal, average \"profit rate\" on the \"capital\" invested to produce the products (not the same as the profit on the turnover). The importance of these price levels is, that a lot","psg_id":"5528103"},{"title":"Price fixing","text":"fix the price of one component of an overall service; adhere uniformly to previously-announced prices and terms of sale; establish uniform costs and markups; impose mandatory surcharges; purposefully reduce output or sales in order to charge higher prices; or purposefully share or pool markets, territories, or customers. Price fixing is permitted in some markets but not others; where allowed, it is often known as \"resale price maintenance\" or \"retail price maintenance\". In neo-classical economics, price fixing is inefficient. The anti-competitive agreement by producers to fix prices above the market price transfers some of the consumer surplus to those producers and","psg_id":"916880"},{"title":"United Egg Producers","text":"chicks being killed on the production line of an Iowa hatchery by being fed, alive, into a grinder. The hatchery claimed that the procedure, known in the industry as \"instantaneous euthanasia\" was in line with guidelines set up by the UEP. United Egg Producers United Egg Producers (UEP) is a Capper–Volstead agricultural cooperative in the United States which represents the interests of American egg producers. Egg producer's concern over the volatility of prices due to overproduction during the early 1960s was the impetus for the creation of UEP. To combat these intermittent price fluctuations, producers began by coordinating egg production","psg_id":"13759325"},{"title":"The Sunshine Fix","text":"The Sunshine Fix The Sunshine Fix was an Indie rock group. It was the solo project of The Olivia Tremor Control's Bill Doss. The name predates the Olivia Tremor Control and was in use until Doss's 2012 death. Doss started the project while in high school, going as far as to self-release an album on cassette called \"A Spiraling World of Pop\", later re-released under the Elephant Six banner. Doss then met up with Will Cullen Hart and Jeff Mangum; together, they formed The Olivia Tremor Control, and the Sunshine Fix moniker was put into hiatus (although, as an aside,","psg_id":"6730731"},{"title":"Tamil Film Producers Council","text":"Tamil Film Producers Council The Producers Council (), officially known as the Tamil Film Producers Council (TFPC), is a union for film producers in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, based in Chennai. Formed in 18 July 1979, the group has a charitable trust fund to provide financial support to retired producers, voiced support for film producers and have collectively protested for socio-political issues. Elections in the Producers council, which is made up of over 1500 members, are held once every two years to determine the president of the group. Actor-producer Vishal has been elected as the President of the","psg_id":"20129740"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"them, \"plus\" the profit mark-up that will secure a normal average return on capital for the producing enterprise. For efficient producers, there will normally be a larger margin between their costs and their sales-revenue (more profit), and for less efficient producers, there will be a smaller margin between their costs and revenue (less profit). Marx's controversial claim is that the magnitude of the production prices for products is determined ultimately by their current replacement costs in average labour time, i.e. by the \"value\" of products. A lot of the academic debate about Marx's concept of production prices is probably caused","psg_id":"5528108"},{"title":"The Sunshine Fix","text":"Leonard Cohen than John Lennon\" . The Sunshine Fix released albums and EPs on a variety of record labels. The Sunshine Fix The Sunshine Fix was an Indie rock group. It was the solo project of The Olivia Tremor Control's Bill Doss. The name predates the Olivia Tremor Control and was in use until Doss's 2012 death. Doss started the project while in high school, going as far as to self-release an album on cassette called \"A Spiraling World of Pop\", later re-released under the Elephant Six banner. Doss then met up with Will Cullen Hart and Jeff Mangum; together,","psg_id":"6730734"},{"title":"What Love Has...Joined Together (album)","text":"sellers charging well in excess of $200.00 for the CD version of this album . As of 2017 it is unknown whether Motown will ever re-release it on CD. However, in 2013, Motown released this album, exclusively as a digital download, available on Amazon, iTunes, and several other websites. What Love Has...Joined Together (album) \"Note: For the song, see \"What Love Has Joined Together\"\" What Love Has...Joined Together is a 1970 album by R&B group The Miracles AKA \"Smokey Robinson & The Miracles\" on Motown Records' Tamla label (TS301). A concept album consisting solely of six extended-length love songs, it","psg_id":"12586070"},{"title":"Fix a Heart","text":"Jenny Chen of Neon Tommy called it \"one of the purest, rawest songs\" on the record. Laurence Green of musicOMH said, \"'Fix a Heart' and 'Skyscraper' achieve the maturity the album's opening moments were crying out for – trembling, beautiful creations built on sweeping, rhapsodic interplays of piano chords and strings\". Adam R. Holz of \"Plugged In\" included the song among the \"objectionable content\" on the record because of its \"sad\" themes. In 2015, singer Sam Smith wrote on Twitter, \"You never really can fix a heart\", to which Lovato replied, \"let's do a remake of that song together\". After","psg_id":"20046811"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"be able to talk about price aggregates at all, he thought reference to \"value relations\" was completely unavoidable. Not only was a \"value-theoretic principle\" required simply to group prices, relate them and aggregate them (meaning principles of value equivalence, comparable value, value transfer, value conservation, value creation and value used up or destroyed), but most of the stock of labour-products in an economy at any time \"had no actual price\", simply because they weren't being traded. To what extent their value could be realised through exchange in the future could be known definitely only \"after the fact\", i.e. after they","psg_id":"5528162"},{"title":"What Love Has...Joined Together (album)","text":"What Love Has...Joined Together (album) \"Note: For the song, see \"What Love Has Joined Together\"\" What Love Has...Joined Together is a 1970 album by R&B group The Miracles AKA \"Smokey Robinson & The Miracles\" on Motown Records' Tamla label (TS301). A concept album consisting solely of six extended-length love songs, it charted at #97 on the \"Billboard\" Top 200 Album chart, and reached the Top 10 of Billboard's R&B album chart, peaking at # 9. It featured songs written by noted composers, such as Stevie Wonder, (My Cherie Amour), Berry Gordy, Frank Wilson, Brenda Holloway and her sister Patrice Holloway","psg_id":"12586067"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"or restricted, large differences in the profit rates of enterprises are likely to occur. In general, the trajectory of capitalist development is determined by the industries where the profits are the best, because their products are in high demand, because of special production or market advantages, etc. According to Marx, the movements of different production prices relative to one another importantly affect how the total \"cake\" of new surplus value produced is distributed as profit among competing capitalist enterprises. They are the basis of the competitive position of the producers, since they fundamentally determine profit yields relative to costs. Some","psg_id":"5528119"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"when goods are sold, which Marx calls surplus value). Marx's argument is that price-levels for products are determined by input cost-prices, turnovers and average profit rates on output, which are in turn determined principally by aggregate labour-costs, the rate of surplus value and the growth rate of final demand. These price levels determine how much of the new output value that is created in excess of its cost price can actually be realized by enterprises as their gross profit. The suggestion is, that the differences among most producers with regard to their profit rates on capital invested will tend to","psg_id":"5528111"},{"title":"A Quick Fix of Melancholy","text":"Quick Fix…\" is a teaser for \"Blood Inside\".\" Aversionline.com rated the EP 7/10, commenting, “Opener \"Little Blue Birds\" clearly states that this EP is a lot different than the last few, what with its orchestral synths and operatic vocals.” Global Domination rated the EP 10/10, commenting, “There are moments of a general upbeat/pensive nature, most of this is very downhearted music, sometimes shifting towards the downright depressing. Instruments include drums, violins, cellos, chimes of some sort, trumpets, a whole bunch of other shit that at times incites a euphoric kind of dreaminess, at others just really gets you down. All","psg_id":"5192309"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"know what those prices are; and, normally, they cannot just \"make up\" any kind of price they like, because costing, budgets and incomes depend precisely on what price is charged. The creation of price information is a \"production process\" – its output is worth money, because it is vital for the purpose of trade, and without it the circulation of goods and services could not occur. Price information can therefore be bought and sold as a commodity as well. But the production process of prices themselves is often hidden from view and hardly noticeable. Therefore, people often take the existence","psg_id":"6653680"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"kind of commercial valuation we care to make. Any activity, thing or transaction has its \"price-tag\", so to speak. It can be difficult to work out, even for an economist, what a price really means, and price information can be deceptive. Ideal prices are typically prices that \"would\" apply in trade, \"if\" certain assumed conditions apply (and they may not). Hence ideal prices are typically not observable, but instead \"inferences\" from observables. Transactions are registered in accounts, the accounting information is aggregated up to compute price data, and this data is in turn used to estimate price trends. In the","psg_id":"6653691"},{"title":"What to Do When You Are Dead","text":"followed by two US tours in February 2005. \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" was released on February 22 through independent label Equal Vision Records. Following a couple of US tours in April and May 2005, \"Car Underwater\" was released as a radio single. The group performed on the Warped Tour, before touring across the US in September and November. Later in November, a music video was released for \"The Truth About Heaven\", followed by a UK tour in December. In early 2006, the group went on a three-month headlining US tour, before appearing on Warped Tour again. \"What","psg_id":"4480204"},{"title":"Tamil Film Producers Council","text":"President Kalaipuli S Thanu, vice presidents S. Kathiresan, P.L. Thenappan, general secretaries T. Siva, R Radhakrishnan and treasurer T. G. Thiagarajan. Tamil Film Producers Council The Producers Council (), officially known as the Tamil Film Producers Council (TFPC), is a union for film producers in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, based in Chennai. Formed in 18 July 1979, the group has a charitable trust fund to provide financial support to retired producers, voiced support for film producers and have collectively protested for socio-political issues. Elections in the Producers council, which is made up of over 1500 members, are held","psg_id":"20129745"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"the light of empirical evidence, arguing that production prices in the classical sense can only be \"theoretical\" notions, which strictly speaking do not exist in reality. What does exist in real capitalist competition are a type of regulating prices, the dynamics of which he explicates in detail. Shaikh agrees with Keynes and with businesspeople, that what matters financially in business, is the relationship between the real rate of interest on capital and the real rate of profit on capital (at the micro level of individual firms and at the macro-level of aggregated business results). According to statistical calculations by Shaikh","psg_id":"5528187"},{"title":"Together We Are One (song)","text":"Connect-R with \"Loca\" and preceding Latvia's Vocal Group Cosmos with \"I Hear Your Heart\"). At the close of voting, it had received 4 points (all from France), placing 23rd in a field of 24. Together We Are One (song) \"Together We Are One\" (often known by the Hebrew title \"Ze Hazman\" (Hebrew script: זה הזמן; English translation: \"It's Time\") was the Israeli entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, performed in English and Hebrew by Eddie Butler. This was the first Israeli entry for which the official title did not contain at least some Hebrew. The song is heavily influenced","psg_id":"8736552"},{"title":"Fix and Foxi","text":"the Bertelsmann Group. Shortly after Tigerpress had faced bankruptcy in 2009, the magazine was once again relaunched, this time by New Ground Publishing, which went into liquidation at the end of 2010. In the last years of his life, Kauka began planning the Fix & Foxi TV series together with his wife, Alexandra Kauka. He also planned (in collaboration with the Ravensburger Corporation) Fix & Foxi Adventure Land in the Ravensburger Spieleland theme park. The \"Fix & Foxi and Friends\" TV series, first broadcast in Germany in February 2000, found its way into 30 countries. The two main characters of","psg_id":"6315189"},{"title":"Technological fix","text":"Technological fix A technological fix, technical fix, technological shortcut or solutionism refers to the attempt of using engineering or technology to solve a problem (often created by earlier technological interventions). Some references define technological fix as an \"attempt to repair the harm of a technology by modification of the system\", that might involve modification of the machine and/or modification of the procedures for operating and maintaining it. Technological fixes are inevitable in modern technology. It has been observed that many technologies, although invented and developed to solve certain perceived problems, often create other problems in the process, known as externalities.","psg_id":"10001110"},{"title":"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together","text":"a studio version and a music video on his YouTube channel. Sky News remixed portions of speeches by David Cameron to make it appear as though he was reciting the chorus as promotion for their coverage of the 2014 Scotland Independence Referendum. Credits are adapted from the liner notes of the CD single. !scope=\"row\"| South Korea !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, \"Red\" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback.","psg_id":"16726342"},{"title":"A Fix Like This","text":"Balzic what happened. Balzic suspects the men will take revenge, and he works to prevent the death of a citizen or two of Rocksburg. It is the fourth book in the 17-volume Rocksburg series. A Fix Like This A Fix Like This is a crime novel by the American writer K.C. Constantine set in 1970s Rocksburg, a fictional, blue-collar, Rustbelt town in Western Pennsylvania (modeled on the author's hometown of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh). Mario Balzic is the protagonist, an atypical detective for the genre, a Serbo-Italian American cop, middle-aged, unpretentious, a family man who asks questions and","psg_id":"12696134"},{"title":"Fix (position)","text":"Fix (position) In position fixing navigation, a position fix (PF) or simply a fix is a position derived from measuring in relation to external reference points. In nautical applications, the term is generally used with manual or visual techniques such as the use of intersecting visual or radio position lines rather than the use of more automated and accurate electronic methods such as GPS; in aviation, use of electronic navigation aids is more common. A visual fix can be made by using any sighting device with a bearing indicator. Two or more objects of known position are sighted, and the","psg_id":"3773012"},{"title":"Fix-up","text":"criticism was popularised by the first (1979) edition of the \"Encyclopedia of Science Fiction\", edited by Peter Nicholls, which credited Van Vogt with the creation of the term. The name comes from the modifications that the author needs to make in the original texts to make them fit together as though they were a novel. Foreshadowing of events from the later stories may be jammed into an early chapter of the fix-up, and character development may be interleaved throughout the book. Contradictions and inconsistencies between episodes are usually worked out. Some fix-ups in their final form are more of a","psg_id":"8538713"},{"title":"The College Fix","text":"The College Fix The College Fix is an American libertarian-conservative news website focused on higher education. It was created in 2011 by journalist John J. Miller and is published by the non-profit Student Free Press Association. The site features \"right-minded news and commentary\" and often attacks what it describes as \"political correctness\". The SFPA and \"The College Fix\" are designed \"to groom young conservatives for careers in the news media by placing college students in internships with right-leaning publications.\" Miller had long desired \"to help other conservative and libertarian campus journalists\" and \"The Fix\" gives them a platform where they","psg_id":"20755565"},{"title":"A Fix with Sontarans","text":"A Fix with Sontarans \"A Fix with Sontarans\" is a specially written segment produced for the BBC children's programme \"Jim'll Fix It\" featuring Colin Baker in character as the Sixth Doctor. It was broadcast on 23 February 1985. The Sixth Doctor (Colin Baker) is working the controls in the TARDIS, and he accidentally teleports his former companion Tegan Jovanka (Janet Fielding) on board. She is less than happy about this, and reluctantly agrees to help the Time Lord. He reveals that two Sontarans are on board, and they possess a powerful vitrox bomb with which they intend to blow up","psg_id":"17014670"},{"title":"Fix a Heart","text":"\"Fix a Heart\", \"Skyscraper\" and \"For the Love of a Daughter\", were similar to the content of Lindsay Lohan's record \"A Little More Personal (Raw)\" (2005). He also criticized Lovato's voice, saying that she \"doesn't quite have the pipes to sing [those songs] without straining\". In contrast, Joe DeAndrea of AbsolutePunk wrote, \"Lovato's vocals are unmatched – not only compared to her previous efforts, but the majority of vocalists in general. [...] The emotion throughout tracks like 'Lightweight' and 'Fix a Heart' show the true compassion within her voice as you can feel her heartache pouring out of the speakers\".","psg_id":"20046810"},{"title":"A Big Fix","text":"systems. A Big Fix A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis is a 2005 book by Ian Lowe which argues that the warnings from environmental scientists are urgent and unequivocal. Professor Lowe suggests that resources are being used too quickly, environmental systems are being compromised, and society is being destabilised by the increasing gap between rich and poor. Lowe proposes several radical solutions. He advocates a fundamental change to our personal values and social institutions and provides a vision of a healthier society – one that is more humane, takes an eco-centric approach, adopts longer-term thinking, and respects","psg_id":"12150116"},{"title":"A Big Fix","text":"A Big Fix A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis is a 2005 book by Ian Lowe which argues that the warnings from environmental scientists are urgent and unequivocal. Professor Lowe suggests that resources are being used too quickly, environmental systems are being compromised, and society is being destabilised by the increasing gap between rich and poor. Lowe proposes several radical solutions. He advocates a fundamental change to our personal values and social institutions and provides a vision of a healthier society – one that is more humane, takes an eco-centric approach, adopts longer-term thinking, and respects natural","psg_id":"12150115"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"price distributions and value distributions can be inferred from each other, would suggest that the production price is empirically obtained from a straightforward \"statistical averaging\" of aggregated cost prices and profits. In that case, the production price is a theoretical midpoint which fluctuating actual prices would match exactly only by exception. In another interpretation, however, the production price reflects only an empirical output price-level which \"dominates\" in the market for that output (a \"norm\" applying to a branch of production or economic sector, which producers cannot escape from). That is, the prevailing value proportions and necessary labour requirements set a","psg_id":"5528146"},{"title":"Metal prices","text":"the price by talking to producers, traders and consumers. These prices are more an indication than an actual exchange price. Unlike the prices on an exchange, pricing providers tend to give a weekly or bi-weekly price. For each commodity they quote a range (low and high price) which reflect the buying and selling rbout 9-fold due to China's transition from light to heavy industry and its focus on manufacturing. (China became the world's largest consumer of iron ore in 2003, and accounts for over half of global metal consumption.) The commodities quoted have a specific grade and quality of the","psg_id":"13567799"},{"title":"Time to first fix","text":"the slow radio connection from the satellites. Time to first fix Time To First Fix (TTFF) is a measure of the time required for a GPS navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution (called a fix). The TTFF is commonly broken down into three more specific scenarios, as defined in the GPS equipment guide: Many receivers can use as many as twelve channels simultaneously, allowing quicker fixes. Many cell phones reduce the time to first fix by using assisted GPS (A-GPS): they acquire almanac and ephemeris data over a fast network connection from","psg_id":"8091274"},{"title":"Time to first fix","text":"Time to first fix Time To First Fix (TTFF) is a measure of the time required for a GPS navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution (called a fix). The TTFF is commonly broken down into three more specific scenarios, as defined in the GPS equipment guide: Many receivers can use as many as twelve channels simultaneously, allowing quicker fixes. Many cell phones reduce the time to first fix by using assisted GPS (A-GPS): they acquire almanac and ephemeris data over a fast network connection from the cell phone operator rather than over","psg_id":"8091273"},{"title":"Life to Fix","text":"Life to Fix \"Life to Fix\" is a song by the American alternative rock band The Record Company. The song is the lead single from their second studio album \"All of This Life,\" and was released on April 20, 2018. On April 14, 2018, the band announced that they had finished recording their new album. Two days later, on April 16, the band released a teaser for the song on their Instagram and announced that it would be coming out on April 20. NPR described \"Life to Fix\" as a track that \"takes off like a supersonic jet blowing wildly","psg_id":"20669828"},{"title":"A Quick Fix of Melancholy","text":"A Quick Fix of Melancholy A Quick Fix of Melancholy is the fourth EP by Norwegian experimental collective Ulver. Produced in the Winter of 2002, the EP was issued on 26 August 2003 via Jester Records. A precursor to the album, \"Blood Inside\", \"A Quick Fix of Melancholy\" showcases the band's ability to seamlessly combine ambient and electronic music with orchestral elements. The text from “Vowels” is by Canadian author Christian Bök, taken from \"Eunoia\" (Coach House Books, 2002) and used with permission. “Eitttlane” is a rearrangement of “Nattleite” from 1996 album \"Kveldssanger\". In an interview with Modern Fix Kristoffer","psg_id":"5192307"},{"title":"This Is A Fix album tour","text":"fans to vote for tracks that they wanted to hear from previous album Not Accepted Anywhere, ultimately \"That's What She Said\", \"By My Side\", \"Lost at Home\", \"Recover\", \"Raoul\", \"On The Campaign Trail\" and \"Monster\" made the setlist for various legs of the tour. This Is A Fix album tour The This Is A Fix album tour was the 2008 & 2009 tour surrounding the release of Welsh band The Automatic's second album This Is A Fix. The first leg of the tour was played at smaller clubs and venues around the United Kingdom, whilst later dates were at some","psg_id":"14417317"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"a difference between the nominal prices and the inflation-adjusted price. The price of a stock or a debt security, expressed in a given currency, may be highly variable, and their variable yields may in turn revalue or devalue the prices of related assets. Thus, the \"price mechanism\" is often not simply a function of supply and demand for a tradable object, but of a \"structure\" of related and co-existing prices, where fluctuations in one group of prices impact on another group of prices, perhaps quite contrary to the wishes of buyers and sellers. In this sense, the concept of a","psg_id":"6653684"},{"title":"First fix and second fix","text":"First fix and second fix First fix and second fix are terms used in the UK and Irish housebuilding and commercial building construction industry. \"First fix\" comprises all the work needed to take a building from foundation to putting plaster on the internal walls. This includes constructing walls, floors and ceilings, and inserting cables for electrical supply and pipes for water supply. Some argue that First Fix starts after the shell of the building is complete, and ends when the walls are plastered. Here is a list, in no particular order, of the elements of First Fix. The list is","psg_id":"9873615"},{"title":"You Are What You Is","text":"Harris adding overdubs and joining the group for Zappa's fall 1980 tour. However, \"You Are What You Is\" was not released until after \"Tinseltown Rebellion\" and \"Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar\" although the latter two albums included material from the fall tour. The album also included guest appearances from former band members, including Jimmy Carl Black and Motorhead Sherwood from the 60's Mothers of Invention, as well as the first appearances on record of Zappa's children Moon Unit and Ahmet. Like many of Zappa's albums, some of the tracks are bound together, and the album lacks an overall storyline.","psg_id":"12945393"},{"title":"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together","text":"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, \"Red\" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released as the lead single from \"Red\" on August 13, 2012, by Big Machine Records. Its lyrics depict Swift's frustrations at an ex-lover who wants to re-kindle their relationship. \"Rolling Stone\" magazine named the song the second best song of 2012 while it took the fourth spot in \"Time\"s end-of-year poll. The song received a Grammy","psg_id":"16726303"},{"title":"Fix the Debt","text":"programs that benefit their companies. He also pointed out that the group calls for a reduction in government spending on social security but not on defence spending, a major business area for Honeywell. \"It’s easier to get face time in Washington as a deficit hawk than as a corporate hack,\" he said, continuing \"They are spending millions, but they are protecting billions in defense contracts and tax giveaways that would otherwise be on the chopping block.\" Fix the Debt Fix the Debt is a group of executives and former legislators who campaign for deficit reduction and tax reform. The Campaign","psg_id":"17677169"},{"title":"First fix and second fix","text":"free\", so as to minimize the introduction, generation and retention of particles which may contaminate equipment serving the electronics and pharmaceuticals manufacturing process, that the build-out of \"clean room\" spaces can commence. First fix and second fix First fix and second fix are terms used in the UK and Irish housebuilding and commercial building construction industry. \"First fix\" comprises all the work needed to take a building from foundation to putting plaster on the internal walls. This includes constructing walls, floors and ceilings, and inserting cables for electrical supply and pipes for water supply. Some argue that First Fix starts","psg_id":"9873620"},{"title":"Disinformation Fix","text":"the group added keyboardist Mike Dixon to their line-up. By May 2001, however, the group broke-up, partially due to financial conflicts, leaving the album unfinished with the exception of six recorded songs. These six tracks, along with other unreleased recordings as well as the rest of the band's discography, would later be released as a two-disc compilation album by Alone Records in 2003 titled \"Disinformation Fix\". Notes Disinformation Fix Disinformation Fix is the discography compilation album by Usurp Synapse, which was released as a double disc compact disc through the New York label Alone Records on July 29, 2003. The","psg_id":"20000807"},{"title":"Signum (musical group)","text":"Signum (musical group) Signum is the name for two Dutch producers, Pascal Minnaard () and Ronald Hagen () They are producers who create and remix mainly trance music. Originally they both lived in Zoetermeer, a city in the Netherlands. In 2008, Minnaard moved to Norway with his fiancé. Both Hagen and Minnaard still work together with the aid of internet technology and share projects together to create Signum tracks and DJ sets. Their first notable mainstream success was in 1997 with \"What Ya Got 4 Me\" (based on Tony de Vit's \"The Dawn\"), becoming a club anthem. This song was","psg_id":"7454505"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"turns out that much more is involved than the observation of a price-tag or number might suggest. For most of the history of economics, economic theorists were not primarily concerned with explaining the actual, real price-levels. Instead their theorizing was concerned with theoretical (ideal) prices. Simon Clarke explains for example: It is only relatively recently that economists have tried to create generalizations about the actual pricing procedures used by business enterprises, based on information about what business people actually do (instead of an abstract mathematical model). When goods are produced for sale, they may be priced, but those prices are","psg_id":"6653682"},{"title":"Paul Fix","text":"of H.M.S. Pinafore. He went on to serve as a hospital corpsman aboard troop transports ferrying troops to Europe. He was discharged on September 5, 1919. Following World War I, Fix became a busy character actor who obtained his start in local productions in New York. By the 1920s, he had moved to Hollywood, and performed in the first of almost 350 movie and television appearances. In the 1930s, he became friends with John Wayne. He was Wayne's acting coach and eventually appeared as a featured player in about 27 of Wayne's films. Fix worked in early films such as","psg_id":"7781445"},{"title":"Iyanla: Fix My Life","text":"positive reviews by critics. As writer and columnist Nancy Colasurdo proclaimed, \"Fix My Life\" is \"what \"reality\" television can be. It’s what it should be. Reaching for our best selves. Focusing on what can make our lives meaningful. Learning from others’ mistakes because they are so often our own. Having hard conversations.\" Colasurdo further recognizes Vanzant's gutsy, honest approach to handling difficult situations. Critic Jon Caramanica proposes that Vanzant possesses \"a mystical air but with a deeply grounded approach. She speaks in a soothing, encouraging voice, makes phenomenal eye contact and has an evident distaste for polish. \"Iyanla: Fix My","psg_id":"16699356"},{"title":"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together","text":"platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), while also being certified platinum or more in Australia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, New Zealand, Japan and Denmark. The song is one of the best-selling singles worldwide, with worldwide sales reaching 7 million copies to date (according to the IFPI). After writing \"Speak Now\" (2010) entirely solo, Swift opted to collaborate with different songwriters and producers for \"Red\". Thus, she called Max Martin and Shellback, two songwriters and producers whose work she admired, to discuss a possible collaboration. The trio conceived the concept for \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\"","psg_id":"16726306"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"that what industrial competition really revolves around, is principally the difference between the value of the new commodities produced, and their cost-prices, i.e. the potential surplus-value (the trading gain) which can be realized from them. There are constant disparities in space and time between labour-expenditures and capital returns, but also just as constant attempts to overcome or take advantage of those disparities. Thus, unrestricted economic competition has the result that the law of value regulates the trade in newly produced commodities: the ultimate limits of what products will trade for, i.e. their supply price, are set by comparative costs in","psg_id":"5528154"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"they may not). The number of ideal prices used for calculations or signalling in the world vastly exceeds the number of real prices fetched. At any point in time, most economic goods and services in society are being owned or used, but not traded; nevertheless people are constantly extrapolating prices which would apply \"if\" they were traded in markets or \"if\" they had to be replaced. Such price information is essential to estimate the possible incomes, budgetary implications or expenditures associated with a transaction. The distinction is currently best known in the profession of auditing. It also has enormous significance","psg_id":"6653677"},{"title":"Motion-capture acting","text":"motion-capture actors. The Alliance of Motion Picture & Television Producers does not consider motion-capture acting as the same type of work as acting, which means that motion-capture actors are often paid less. The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) has lobbied the industry for better employment terms and conditions for motion-capture actors, and argued that motion-capture work should be included in standard labor contracts. The industry in 2012 did not give awards for motion-capture acting. Motion-capture acting Motion-capture acting, also called performance-capture acting, sometimes abbreviated as MoCap or Pcap, is a type of acting in which an actor wears markers or sensors","psg_id":"18120524"},{"title":"The Fix (album)","text":"The Fix (album) The Fix is the seventh studio album by American rapper Scarface. The album was released on August 6, 2002. The album was highly acclaimed, receiving a rare 5-mic rating from hip-hop magazine \"The Source\". It debuted at #4 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, with well over 160,000 copies sold in its 1st week. Guest artists on the album include Jay-Z, Beanie Sigel, Nas, Faith Evans, and WC. Producers include Mike Dean, Kanye West, Tony Pizarro, Nottz, and The Neptunes. \"The Fix\" was Scarface's first release on Def Jam Recordings; he became the president of Def Jam South","psg_id":"7748641"},{"title":"First fix and second fix","text":"not exhaustive. \"Second fix\" comprises all the work after the plastering of a finished house. Electrical fixtures are connected to the cables, sinks and baths connected to the pipes, and doors fitted into doorframes. Second fix work requires a neater finish than first fix. The division of work is a convenient description because electricians, plumbers and carpenters will probably have to make two separate visits to one property under construction, at separate times. Project managers can report \"first fix complete\" or \"second fix 50% done\" and others can understand. Some construction companies specialise in first fix work or second fix","psg_id":"9873616"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"of the \"natural prices\". Support for this interpretation can be found in \"Capital, Volume I\", where Marx criticizes and ridicules the concept of a \"natural price of labour\" - this concept, he argues, rests on confusions of several different economic categories. Similarly, in \"Capital, Volume III\", Marx rejects the concept of a \"natural\" interest rate, arguing that what this really refers to is just the interest rate that results out of free competition. According to this argument, there is actually nothing \"natural\" about the allegedly \"natural\" prices - they are socially determined effects of capitalist production and trade. More importantly,","psg_id":"5528122"},{"title":"Paul Fix","text":"Paul Fix Peter Paul Fix (March 13, 1901 – October 14, 1983) was an American film and television character actor who was best known for his work in Westerns. Fix appeared in more than a hundred movies and dozens of television shows over a 56-year career between 1925 and 1981. Fix was best known for portraying Marshal Micah Torrance, opposite Chuck Connors's character in \"The Rifleman\" from 1958–1963. Fix later appeared with Chuck Connors in the 1966 western film \"Ride Beyond Vengeance\". Paul Fix was born in Dobbs Ferry, New York, to Wilhelm Fix, a brewmaster, and the former Louise","psg_id":"7781443"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"successful market transactions are assumed and market fluctuations are initially mostly disregarded - but that gives only one half of the story. The products have to be sold at a profit, and purchased at a competitive price, through market trade and the circulation of capital. The argument in \"Capital, Volume III\" (Marx intended to publish still more volumes, but did not manage to do so) is that the sales of newly produced commodities in the capitalist mode of production are \"regulated\" by their production prices. What products will sell for, has to do with what it normally costs to make","psg_id":"5528107"},{"title":"In a Fix","text":"episode has one of four designers, Evette Rios, Nani Vinken, Franzella Guido and Deborah DiMare. An episode usually involves three to four crew members who do the construction, although some episodes involve more crew members at a time depending on the size of the project. The crew members are Justin Brown, Marc Bartolomeo (aka “Sparky”), Jennie Lyn Berntson, Gregory Carey, James Lunday, Danny Paul, and Don Wood. The theme music for the program was composed by former Hüsker Dü member Bob Mould. In a Fix In a Fix is an American television series involving a team of construction workers and","psg_id":"7643263"},{"title":"What Love Has Joined Together","text":"(See What Love Has...Joined Together ) . What Love Has Joined Together \"What Love Has Joined Together\" is a song written and composed by Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers, was recorded by five Motown acts: The Miracles, Mary Wells, The Temptations, Barbara McNair, and Syreeta, and was issued as B-sides to hits by Wells and The Temptations; \"Your Old Standby\" for Wells, released in 1963, and \"It's Growing\" by The Temptations, released in 1965. The song talks about a person professing their love to their loved one regardless of people's comments trying to separate them, with the person","psg_id":"12135369"},{"title":"In a Fix","text":"In a Fix In a Fix is an American television series involving a team of construction workers and a designer who \"rescue\" homeowners from stalled \"do-it-yourself\" renovation projects. Original episodes of \"In a Fix\", which was produced by NorthSouth Productions, aired on TLC in 2004 and 2005. The program has been shown in reruns on the Discovery Home Channel in the United States, TLC in Canada and Discovery Real Time in Asia. Each episode of \"In a Fix\" follows a similar formula. The host, designer, and construction team “surprises” the homeowners, most often a pair of spouses or two close","psg_id":"7643261"},{"title":"United Egg Producers","text":"United Egg Producers United Egg Producers (UEP) is a Capper–Volstead agricultural cooperative in the United States which represents the interests of American egg producers. Egg producer's concern over the volatility of prices due to overproduction during the early 1960s was the impetus for the creation of UEP. To combat these intermittent price fluctuations, producers began by coordinating egg production through several regional marketing associations, including the Northwest Egg Producers (NWEP); the Western Egg Company (WESTCO); the Southwest Egg Producers (SWEP); the National Egg Company (NECO), which focused on the Southeastern United States; and the Northeast Egg Marketing Association (NEMA). This","psg_id":"13759320"},{"title":"Saxbe fix","text":"of living adjustment statutes, as noted by legal scholar Eugene Volokh on his blog, The Volokh Conspiracy. Before the January 2009 pay increases, secretaries made $191,300 compared to Members of Congress who earned $169,300. Without a Saxbe fix, Clinton would have been ineligible to serve in the Cabinet until the conclusion of the 112th United States Congress in January 2013, near the end of Obama's elected term. The Senate passed Saxbe-fix legislation on December 10, 2008, acting by unanimous consent to reduce the Secretary of State's salary back to its January 1, 2007 level of $186,000, taking effect at 12:00","psg_id":"12724675"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"and Tsoulfidis, the discrepancies between the different empirical measures of product-values, prices of production, regulating prices and market prices which are feasible (using input-output data, labour data and capital stock data) turn out to be, on the whole, not very large. This suggests that the enormously long Marxist debate about the relationship between product-values and product-prices was, in a sense, unwarranted; overall, the differences between average product-prices and the underlying product-values are, as far as can be established, just not very great. And if the price/value differences are not very great, then Marx was quite justified in mostly disregarding them","psg_id":"5528188"},{"title":"Program temporary fix","text":"Program temporary fix Program temporary fix or Product temporary fix (PTF), sometimes depending on date, is the standard IBM terminology for a single bug fix, or group of fixes, distributed in a form ready to install for customers. Customers sometime explain the acronym in a tongue-in-cheek manner as \"permanent temporary fix\" or more practically \"probably this fixes\", because they have the option to make the PTF a permanent part of the operating system if the patch fixes the problem. A PTF normally follows an APAR, and where an \"APAR fix\" was issued, the PTF \"is a tested APAR\" or set","psg_id":"6860167"},{"title":"Program temporary fix","text":"Program temporary fix Program temporary fix or Product temporary fix (PTF), sometimes depending on date, is the standard IBM terminology for a single bug fix, or group of fixes, distributed in a form ready to install for customers. Customers sometime explain the acronym in a tongue-in-cheek manner as \"permanent temporary fix\" or more practically \"probably this fixes\", because they have the option to make the PTF a permanent part of the operating system if the patch fixes the problem. A PTF normally follows an APAR, and where an \"APAR fix\" was issued, the PTF \"is a tested APAR\" or set","psg_id":"6860162"},{"title":"This Is a Fix","text":"mean, a drugs fix, it could mean a solution to something or a fix, as in a set-up\" Hawkins told the BBC in July 2008. There are however some recurring themes - although they were not intentional; espionage and being lied and manipulated to by the media and government appear frequently Tracks which deal with deceptions, and specially target certain bodies include \"Responsible Citizen\" which targets the government's policies on drinking, \"Magazines\" is written about the band's experiences with the press and how the media can manipulate its audience. \"Accessories\" similarly deals with the media - specifically the record industry.","psg_id":"11851921"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"This is an interpretation within the framework of equilibrium economics, which suggests that production prices are really a kind of \"equilibrium prices\". It can be supported with some textual evidence, insofar as Marx sometimes defines the production price as the price that would apply if the supply and demand for products were balanced. At other times, he refers to a \"long-term average price\" or a \"regulating price\". He does not say precisely how these three different concepts are related. The main objection against equating production prices with natural prices is that Marx's concept of production prices is precisely a \"critique\"","psg_id":"5528121"},{"title":"Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers","text":"their rights as producers and to collectively market maple syrup. This effort inspired the formation of a larger agreement all across Quebec in 1966. Since 1989, all FPAQ’s producers abide by a collective agreement to market their product. Together, the producers establish policies, negotiate their selling strategy, enforce production quota, set up quality criteria and sponsor promotional activities. However, if they cannot come to an agreement the act calls for an outside opinion to arbitrate. The maple syrup producers who sell directly to consumers are exempted from this law. The FPAQ collaborates with the ACER center to conduct research and","psg_id":"15579338"},{"title":"What to Do When You Are Dead","text":"In early February 2005, Armor for Sleep went on tour with Something Corporate, Straylight Run, and The Academy Is... Later in the month, the group toured with Recover, Say Anything, and Case Pagan. \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" was released through Equal Vision Records on February 22. Some copies of the album included a bonus DVD that contained live footage, a documentary on the creation of the album, as well as music videos for \"Dream to Make Believe\" songs \"My Town\" and \"Dream to Make Believe\". The iTunes edition of the album included \"Very Invisible\" as a bonus","psg_id":"4480215"},{"title":"Life to Fix","text":"through the universe of rock,\" adding, \"It's got seventh-inning stretch stadium rock anthem written all over it.\" Rolling Stone named it one of their \"10 Best Country and Americana Songs of the Week\" for the week of April 20, 2018, describing it as \"a rough-and-tumble ode to hitting rock bottom and building yourself 'back up, brick by brick.'\" \"Life to Fix was sent to adult album alternative stations on April 30, 2018, and to active rock stations a day later on May 1, 2018. A lyric video for the song was released on April 18, 2018. Life to Fix \"Life","psg_id":"20669829"},{"title":"What Are Little Boys Made Of?","text":"many variant forms. For example, other versions may describe boys as being made of \"snaps\", \"frogs\", \"snakes\", or \"slugs\", rather than \"snips\" as above. In the earliest known versions, the first ingredient for boys is either \"snips\" or \"snigs\", the latter being a Cumbrian dialect word for a small eel. The rhyme sometimes appears as part of a larger work called \"What Folks Are Made Of\" or \"What All the World Is Made Of\". Other stanzas describe what babies, young men, young women, sailors, soldiers, nurses, fathers, mothers, old men, old women, and all folks are made of. According to","psg_id":"6313396"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"the (either simultaneous or sequential) \"reciprocal effects\" of individual business behaviour and aggregate economic outcomes. Additionally, it must also be recognised that \"prices\" are not all of one kind; \"actual market prices realised\" are not the same as ideal prices of various kinds, which may be extrapolated from real prices. A more serious criticism of Marx is that the theory of prices of production is still pitched at a \"far too abstract theoretical level\" to be able to explain anything like specific real price movements. That is, Marx only illustrated with examples the \"general results towards which the competitive process","psg_id":"5528172"},{"title":"Food prices","text":"some initiative in the industrialized world as well. In Canada, Dalhousie University and the University of Guelph publish Canada's Food Price Report every year, since 2010. Read by millions of people every year, the report monitors and forecasts food prices for the coming year.. The report was created by Canadian researchers Sylvain Charlebois and Francis Tapon. In 2013, Overseas Development Institute researchers showed that rice has more than doubled in price since 2000, rising by 120% in real terms. This was as a result of shifts in trade policy and restocking by major producers. More fundamental drivers of increased prices","psg_id":"19557395"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"invested in production get transformed into a larger sum of capital? What are the dynamics and overall results of that process? What are the implications for the process of economic reproduction? The existence of different types of production prices implies a much more complex picture than Marx initially provides in his discussion of the leveling out of profit rates through price competition. Thus, for example, in his discussion of ground rent, Marx claims that farm products can be persistently sold for more than their price of production, but below their value, while many manufactured products obtain their price of production","psg_id":"5528129"},{"title":"Producers Releasing Corporation","text":"screening PRC films on television. Many PRC films are now in the public domain and appear on budget DVDs. Producers Releasing Corporation Producers Releasing Corporation was one of the less prestigious of the Hollywood film studios. It was considered a prime example of what was called \"Poverty Row\", a term originally applied to a stretch of Gower Street in Hollywood known for being the headquarters of a plethora of low-budget production companies, mainly because the rents were cheap. Many of these companies would make only a few low-budget \"B\" pictures, then disappear; others, like PRC and Monogram, lasted for a","psg_id":"4822102"},{"title":"What Love Has Joined Together","text":"What Love Has Joined Together \"What Love Has Joined Together\" is a song written and composed by Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers, was recorded by five Motown acts: The Miracles, Mary Wells, The Temptations, Barbara McNair, and Syreeta, and was issued as B-sides to hits by Wells and The Temptations; \"Your Old Standby\" for Wells, released in 1963, and \"It's Growing\" by The Temptations, released in 1965. The song talks about a person professing their love to their loved one regardless of people's comments trying to separate them, with the person stressing the point that \"what love has","psg_id":"12135367"},{"title":"What Kind of an American are You?","text":"found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. The song urges Americans (specifically immigrants) to use this war to prove their loyalty to the United States; whether that may be by fighting or by simply standing behind the US's actions. For those who show no support, this question is posed: \"What are you doing over here?\" It upholds the \"us-against-them\" mentality; the \"them\" in this case is Germany. The chorus is as follows: What Kind of an American are You? What Kind of an American are you?, also known as What Kind of American are you?, is a World War I","psg_id":"19286485"},{"title":"What a Man (song)","text":"Mars singing and acting out various scenes, such as arm wrestling scene with many men competitors. The original \"What A Man\" was performed in the movie \"The Sapphires\" and appears on the soundtrack album. It was used as Dan Wilson's intro music when he came up to bat for the Seattle Mariners. The Salt-N-Pepa version appears in a 2016 television commercial for Walmart. A sub-unit of South Korean girl group I.O.I from Produce 101 sampled the hook of the Salt-n-Pepa version for their song \"Whatta Man,\" which was released on August 9, 2016. What a Man (song) \"What a Man\"","psg_id":"8713740"},{"title":"We Are What We Are (2010 film)","text":"72% based on 43 reviews from critics, with a \"Certified Fresh\" rating. Fantastic Fest Fantasia International Film Festival Expresión en Corto International Film Festival Chicago International Film Festival Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer Memento Films International optioned the rights for an English-language remake starring Julia Garner and Ambyr Childers, directed by Jim Mickle and written by Mickle and Nick Damici, who previously worked together on \"Mulberry Street\" and \"Stake Land\". We Are What We Are (2010 film) We Are What We Are () is a 2010 Mexican horror film directed by Jorge Michel Grau. The movie is about","psg_id":"14945339"},{"title":"Paul Fix (racing driver)","text":"president of Classic Tube, a company he co-founded with his wife, Lauren Fix. Founded in 1989 and based in Lancaster, New York, it manufactures automotive and industrial tubing products. In 1989 Fix also founded Fix Motorsports, which prepares race cars for customers competing in series sanctioned by the SCCA, the Historic Sportscar Racing Ltd (HSR), SVRA and other series. The company also restores and resells classic and high performance cars. Fix married Lauren Fix in 1989. They have two children together, Shelby Fix and Paul Fix III. Paul Fix (racing driver) Paul Fix II is an American racecar driver based","psg_id":"17479452"},{"title":"Prices of production","text":"between average quantities of labour-time currently required to produce products, value proportions between products exist quite independently of prices (and irrespective of whether goods are currently priced or not). As the structure of product-values changes across time, the structure of prices is likely to change as well, but product-prices will fluctuate above or below product-values and typically respond to changing value proportions only with a certain time lag. Essentially, the advantage of distinguishing sharply between values and prices in this context is that it enables us to depict the interaction between shifts in product-values and shifts in product-prices as a","psg_id":"5528175"},{"title":"Fix a Heart","text":"held at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California, saying, \"Slowing things a bit [after singing 'Body Say'], she pulled a bar stool onto the catwalk and absolutely killed during 'Fix a Heart'\". An editor of \"The Columbus Dispatch\" praised Lovato's vocals on the show offered in Columbus, Ohio, writing, \"Even when she slowed things down with older tracks 'Fix A Heart' and 'Nightingale', her powerhouse vocals reverberated throughout the arena\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Unbroken\". Following the release of \"Unbroken\", \"Fix a Heart\" sold 37,000 downloads during its first week of availability in the United States, entering","psg_id":"20046815"},{"title":"This Is A Fix album tour","text":"This Is A Fix album tour The This Is A Fix album tour was the 2008 & 2009 tour surrounding the release of Welsh band The Automatic's second album This Is A Fix. The first leg of the tour was played at smaller clubs and venues around the United Kingdom, whilst later dates were at some of the countries larger venues. The band's first tour with new guitarist Paul Mullen involved touring some of the smaller less-known venues and clubs of the United Kingdom. The tour involved the band playing a 50/50 split of old and new material. Many of","psg_id":"14417312"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"previously anticipated or included in the mathematical models. Commenting on the information problems associated with prices, Randall S. Kroszner, a Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, theorizes: In addition to the discrepancies between real prices and ideal prices, it may in fact be impossible at any one time to \"know\" what the \"correct\" price of something ought to be, even although it is being traded anyway, for an actual price. The \"correct\" price level is only an ideal price, namely a price at which supply and demand would tend towards balance. But because of inadequate information,","psg_id":"6653704"},{"title":"A Fox in a Fix","text":"A Fox in a Fix Fox in a Fix is a 1951 Warner Bros. cartoon starring a fox and a dog. The story opens when the fox is seen sneaking from atop a hill down to a farm. As he is walking, he narrates the story to the viewer. His first line is like: \"As the last light went out, I knew my chance had come, to get at those chickens\". After his first attempt and fail at stealing the chickens and being caught by the watch dog, he decides a different approach. To gain the friendship and trust of","psg_id":"15589786"},{"title":"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?","text":"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life? What Are You Going to Do with Your Life? is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Echo & the Bunnymen. The album saw the departure of bassist Les Pattinson from the group, partly due to disagreements with vocalist Ian McCulloch; McCulloch and the remaining band member, guitarist Will Sergeant, subsequently recorded the record with session musicians. The London Metropolitan Orchestra provided backing music and the American alternative hip hop band Fun Lovin' Criminals appeared as guest musicians on two tracks. The album was produced by Alan Douglas and","psg_id":"7126096"},{"title":"Real prices and ideal prices","text":"ideal prices used to guide economic actors rely on observed trends in real prices which fluctuate a great deal in ways that are difficult to predict, and if the predictions made \"themselves\" influence price levels. It plays an important role in the theory of information asymmetry to which Joseph Stiglitz has made important contributions. Price information is likely to be reliable, But additionally, any market cannot function unless participants show trust and cooperation, and are motivated to do so. Real prices and ideal prices The distinction between real prices and ideal prices is a distinction between \"actual prices paid\" for","psg_id":"6653707"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"are fundamentally determined by the comparative labour requirements of those products, and therefore are constrained by the law of value. Since, however, not all goods are produced or reproducible goods, not all goods have production prices. A production price in Marx's sense can exist only in markets developed sufficiently for a \\\"normal\\\" rate of profit on production capital invested to become the ruling average for a group of producers. Substantively, Marx argues that the prices of new products sold will, assuming free competition for an open market, tend to settle at an average level that enables at least a \\\"normal\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Quick Fix of Melancholy\",\n \"text\": \"together everything forms a sublime masterpiece.” John Chedsey, writing for Satan Stole My Teddybear, concluded, “This is so far one of the most impressive feats for Ulver, showing they are doing nothing but growing within their chosen musical pursuit. Music is indeed an extension of one's inner expressions and Ulver seems to have tapped into a musical vein that not many are aware of. The growing skill in which Ulver is putting together their music is quite impressive and this EP is making me salivate at the thought of future releases.” A Quick Fix of Melancholy A Quick Fix of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5192310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fix with Sontarans\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"Doctor Who\\\" audio play producers Big Finish, but is in fact the current Head of Campaigns for children's charity Save the Children. \\\"A Fix with Sontarans\\\" was broadcast during the run of \\\"The Two Doctors\\\" (on the same day as Part 2) and is featured as an extra on the DVD release of that story. Later pressings of the Region 2 DVD have removed the segment due to the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal. A Fix with Sontarans \\\"A Fix with Sontarans\\\" is a specially written segment produced for the BBC children's programme \\\"Jim'll Fix It\\\" featuring Colin Baker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17014675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Big Fix (1947 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Big Fix (1947 film) The Big Fix is a 1947 film, directed by James Flood. It stars Sheila Ryan, Noreen Nash, James Brown and Regis Toomey. The story concerns the efforts of a crooked gambling ring to fix college basketball games. This film was the final production of Producers Releasing Corporation. After retiring from the service, Ken Williams goes back to his old school, Norton University, where he used to be an appreciated student with an expected future as a basketball player. Together with fellow veteran Andy Rawlins, Ken registers to continue and complete his studies. They are welcomed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16149998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"ideal\\\" prices? What exactly is the \\\"average\\\" an \\\"average\\\" of? What does the \\\"cost-price\\\" really refer to, and at what point in the process (inputs purchased, output produced before sales, output sold)? Marx talks about production prices variously as: Consequently, it remains somewhat ambiguous in what way such prices exist in reality. The conceptual challenge in modelling is to show how these three variables are related. It could, in principle, also be argued that \\\"some\\\" types of production prices are \\\"empirical\\\" price averages, while other ones only express \\\"theoretical\\\" price-levels. Obviously, if production prices are regarded only as purely\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Measurable acting group\",\n \"text\": \"let formula_7 be the product formula_3-algebra of the formula_3-algebras formula_10 and formula_11. Let formula_4 act on formula_13 with group action If formula_15 is a measurable function from formula_16 to formula_17, then it is called a measurable group action. In this case, the group formula_4 is said to act measurable on formula_13. One special case of measurable acting groups are measurable groups themselves. If formula_20, and the group action is the group law, then a measurable group is a group formula_4, acting measurably on formula_4. Measurable acting group In mathematics, a measurable acting group is a special group that acts on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20866087\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Measurable acting group\",\n \"text\": \"Measurable acting group In mathematics, a measurable acting group is a special group that acts on some space in a way that is compatible with structures of measure theory. Measurable acting groups are found in the intersection of measure theory and group theory, two sub-disciplines of mathematics. Measurable acting groups are the basis for the study of invariant measures in abstract settings, most famously the Haar measure, and the study of stationary random measures. Let formula_1 be a measurable group, where formula_2 denotes the formula_3-algebra on formula_4 and formula_5 the group law. Let further formula_6 be a measurable space and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20866086\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"value-based management\\\" by corporations, we can witness a continual cross-reference between past prices, current prices and future prices occurring, because there is practically no other way to do it for business purposes. In the words of group controller Gerard Ruizendaal of Royal Philips Electronics, A partner of McKinsey & Company comments: .In that case, it is \\\"impossible\\\" for the sum of input values to be exactly equal to the sum of output values. Indeed, that is exactly what, according to Marx, capitalists are in business for: to invest a sum of capital in production in order to get a \\\"larger\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"costs, yielding a zero net gain. So from Marx's point of view, input-output economics really mystified the \\\"capital-relationship\\\", i.e. the ability of the bourgeoisie to capitalize on the surplus labour of the workforce in virtue of its ownership of the means of production (in chapter 48 of \\\"Capital, Volume III\\\", he refers satirically to the factors of production theory as the \\\"holy trinity\\\" of political economy). A third source of interpretive difficulty concerns the question of \\\"what kinds of prices\\\" production prices really are. Do these prices really exist, and if so, in what way? Or are they only \\\"theoretical\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"level out\\\" as a result of business competition, so that a general norm emerges for the profitability of industries. In capitalist production, a basic profit impost is the normal precondition for the supply of goods and services. When competition for product markets intensifies, the producers' margin between cost prices and sale prices, their true income, shrinks. In that case, the producers can only maintain their profits, either by reducing their costs and improving productivity, or by capturing a bigger market share and selling more product in less time, or both (the only other option they can try is product differentiation).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"commodities in capitalist society has become \\\"conditional\\\" on the accumulation of capital, and therefore on profit margins and profit rates, within the framework of market competition. Nevertheless, Marx argues that production prices are still determined by underlying product-values (i.e. the average labour requirements for their supply). There is no logical proof available for that argument, only an empirical proof, insofar as there is a close correspondence between the magnitudes of producers' product prices and the magnitudes of labour-time required to produce them, across longer intervals of time (see below). If market trade consisted only of simple exchange (the exchange of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"tasks and activities in production for the growth of capital, without full certainty of results. But in that case, the domains of product-\\\"values\\\" and product-\\\"prices\\\", and consequently the domains of value relations and price relations, were \\\"separate but co-existing and overlapping domains\\\" (unless one is willing to argue that goods have an economic value only at the point where they are being sold for a price). \\\"Price management\\\" was not really possible insofar as prices were determined by markets which individual producers could not control, but \\\"value-based\\\" management was possible. How could this business reality best be modelled? In contemporary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528159\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"Prices of production Prices of production (or \\\"production prices\\\"; in German \\\"Produktionspreise\\\") is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, defined as \\\"cost-price + average profit\\\". A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services would have to be sold by the producers, in order to reach a normal, average \\\"profit rate\\\" on the \\\"capital\\\" invested to produce the products (not the same as the profit on the turnover). The importance of these price levels is, that a lot\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528103\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Price fixing\",\n \"text\": \"fix the price of one component of an overall service; adhere uniformly to previously-announced prices and terms of sale; establish uniform costs and markups; impose mandatory surcharges; purposefully reduce output or sales in order to charge higher prices; or purposefully share or pool markets, territories, or customers. Price fixing is permitted in some markets but not others; where allowed, it is often known as \\\"resale price maintenance\\\" or \\\"retail price maintenance\\\". In neo-classical economics, price fixing is inefficient. The anti-competitive agreement by producers to fix prices above the market price transfers some of the consumer surplus to those producers and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"916880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Egg Producers\",\n \"text\": \"chicks being killed on the production line of an Iowa hatchery by being fed, alive, into a grinder. The hatchery claimed that the procedure, known in the industry as \\\"instantaneous euthanasia\\\" was in line with guidelines set up by the UEP. United Egg Producers United Egg Producers (UEP) is a Capper–Volstead agricultural cooperative in the United States which represents the interests of American egg producers. Egg producer's concern over the volatility of prices due to overproduction during the early 1960s was the impetus for the creation of UEP. To combat these intermittent price fluctuations, producers began by coordinating egg production\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13759325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sunshine Fix\",\n \"text\": \"The Sunshine Fix The Sunshine Fix was an Indie rock group. It was the solo project of The Olivia Tremor Control's Bill Doss. The name predates the Olivia Tremor Control and was in use until Doss's 2012 death. Doss started the project while in high school, going as far as to self-release an album on cassette called \\\"A Spiraling World of Pop\\\", later re-released under the Elephant Six banner. Doss then met up with Will Cullen Hart and Jeff Mangum; together, they formed The Olivia Tremor Control, and the Sunshine Fix moniker was put into hiatus (although, as an aside,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6730731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tamil Film Producers Council\",\n \"text\": \"Tamil Film Producers Council The Producers Council (), officially known as the Tamil Film Producers Council (TFPC), is a union for film producers in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, based in Chennai. Formed in 18 July 1979, the group has a charitable trust fund to provide financial support to retired producers, voiced support for film producers and have collectively protested for socio-political issues. Elections in the Producers council, which is made up of over 1500 members, are held once every two years to determine the president of the group. Actor-producer Vishal has been elected as the President of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20129740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"them, \\\"plus\\\" the profit mark-up that will secure a normal average return on capital for the producing enterprise. For efficient producers, there will normally be a larger margin between their costs and their sales-revenue (more profit), and for less efficient producers, there will be a smaller margin between their costs and revenue (less profit). Marx's controversial claim is that the magnitude of the production prices for products is determined ultimately by their current replacement costs in average labour time, i.e. by the \\\"value\\\" of products. A lot of the academic debate about Marx's concept of production prices is probably caused\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sunshine Fix\",\n \"text\": \"Leonard Cohen than John Lennon\\\" . The Sunshine Fix released albums and EPs on a variety of record labels. The Sunshine Fix The Sunshine Fix was an Indie rock group. It was the solo project of The Olivia Tremor Control's Bill Doss. The name predates the Olivia Tremor Control and was in use until Doss's 2012 death. Doss started the project while in high school, going as far as to self-release an album on cassette called \\\"A Spiraling World of Pop\\\", later re-released under the Elephant Six banner. Doss then met up with Will Cullen Hart and Jeff Mangum; together,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6730734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Love Has...Joined Together (album)\",\n \"text\": \"sellers charging well in excess of $200.00 for the CD version of this album . As of 2017 it is unknown whether Motown will ever re-release it on CD. However, in 2013, Motown released this album, exclusively as a digital download, available on Amazon, iTunes, and several other websites. What Love Has...Joined Together (album) \\\"Note: For the song, see \\\"What Love Has Joined Together\\\"\\\" What Love Has...Joined Together is a 1970 album by R&B group The Miracles AKA \\\"Smokey Robinson & The Miracles\\\" on Motown Records' Tamla label (TS301). A concept album consisting solely of six extended-length love songs, it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12586070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix a Heart\",\n \"text\": \"Jenny Chen of Neon Tommy called it \\\"one of the purest, rawest songs\\\" on the record. Laurence Green of musicOMH said, \\\"'Fix a Heart' and 'Skyscraper' achieve the maturity the album's opening moments were crying out for – trembling, beautiful creations built on sweeping, rhapsodic interplays of piano chords and strings\\\". Adam R. Holz of \\\"Plugged In\\\" included the song among the \\\"objectionable content\\\" on the record because of its \\\"sad\\\" themes. In 2015, singer Sam Smith wrote on Twitter, \\\"You never really can fix a heart\\\", to which Lovato replied, \\\"let's do a remake of that song together\\\". After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20046811\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"be able to talk about price aggregates at all, he thought reference to \\\"value relations\\\" was completely unavoidable. Not only was a \\\"value-theoretic principle\\\" required simply to group prices, relate them and aggregate them (meaning principles of value equivalence, comparable value, value transfer, value conservation, value creation and value used up or destroyed), but most of the stock of labour-products in an economy at any time \\\"had no actual price\\\", simply because they weren't being traded. To what extent their value could be realised through exchange in the future could be known definitely only \\\"after the fact\\\", i.e. after they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Love Has...Joined Together (album)\",\n \"text\": \"What Love Has...Joined Together (album) \\\"Note: For the song, see \\\"What Love Has Joined Together\\\"\\\" What Love Has...Joined Together is a 1970 album by R&B group The Miracles AKA \\\"Smokey Robinson & The Miracles\\\" on Motown Records' Tamla label (TS301). A concept album consisting solely of six extended-length love songs, it charted at #97 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top 200 Album chart, and reached the Top 10 of Billboard's R&B album chart, peaking at # 9. It featured songs written by noted composers, such as Stevie Wonder, (My Cherie Amour), Berry Gordy, Frank Wilson, Brenda Holloway and her sister Patrice Holloway\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12586067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"or restricted, large differences in the profit rates of enterprises are likely to occur. In general, the trajectory of capitalist development is determined by the industries where the profits are the best, because their products are in high demand, because of special production or market advantages, etc. According to Marx, the movements of different production prices relative to one another importantly affect how the total \\\"cake\\\" of new surplus value produced is distributed as profit among competing capitalist enterprises. They are the basis of the competitive position of the producers, since they fundamentally determine profit yields relative to costs. Some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"when goods are sold, which Marx calls surplus value). Marx's argument is that price-levels for products are determined by input cost-prices, turnovers and average profit rates on output, which are in turn determined principally by aggregate labour-costs, the rate of surplus value and the growth rate of final demand. These price levels determine how much of the new output value that is created in excess of its cost price can actually be realized by enterprises as their gross profit. The suggestion is, that the differences among most producers with regard to their profit rates on capital invested will tend to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Quick Fix of Melancholy\",\n \"text\": \"Quick Fix…\\\" is a teaser for \\\"Blood Inside\\\".\\\" Aversionline.com rated the EP 7/10, commenting, “Opener \\\"Little Blue Birds\\\" clearly states that this EP is a lot different than the last few, what with its orchestral synths and operatic vocals.” Global Domination rated the EP 10/10, commenting, “There are moments of a general upbeat/pensive nature, most of this is very downhearted music, sometimes shifting towards the downright depressing. Instruments include drums, violins, cellos, chimes of some sort, trumpets, a whole bunch of other shit that at times incites a euphoric kind of dreaminess, at others just really gets you down. All\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5192309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"know what those prices are; and, normally, they cannot just \\\"make up\\\" any kind of price they like, because costing, budgets and incomes depend precisely on what price is charged. The creation of price information is a \\\"production process\\\" – its output is worth money, because it is vital for the purpose of trade, and without it the circulation of goods and services could not occur. Price information can therefore be bought and sold as a commodity as well. But the production process of prices themselves is often hidden from view and hardly noticeable. Therefore, people often take the existence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"kind of commercial valuation we care to make. Any activity, thing or transaction has its \\\"price-tag\\\", so to speak. It can be difficult to work out, even for an economist, what a price really means, and price information can be deceptive. Ideal prices are typically prices that \\\"would\\\" apply in trade, \\\"if\\\" certain assumed conditions apply (and they may not). Hence ideal prices are typically not observable, but instead \\\"inferences\\\" from observables. Transactions are registered in accounts, the accounting information is aggregated up to compute price data, and this data is in turn used to estimate price trends. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653691\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What to Do When You Are Dead\",\n \"text\": \"followed by two US tours in February 2005. \\\"What to Do When You Are Dead\\\" was released on February 22 through independent label Equal Vision Records. Following a couple of US tours in April and May 2005, \\\"Car Underwater\\\" was released as a radio single. The group performed on the Warped Tour, before touring across the US in September and November. Later in November, a music video was released for \\\"The Truth About Heaven\\\", followed by a UK tour in December. In early 2006, the group went on a three-month headlining US tour, before appearing on Warped Tour again. \\\"What\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4480204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tamil Film Producers Council\",\n \"text\": \"President Kalaipuli S Thanu, vice presidents S. Kathiresan, P.L. Thenappan, general secretaries T. Siva, R Radhakrishnan and treasurer T. G. Thiagarajan. Tamil Film Producers Council The Producers Council (), officially known as the Tamil Film Producers Council (TFPC), is a union for film producers in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, based in Chennai. Formed in 18 July 1979, the group has a charitable trust fund to provide financial support to retired producers, voiced support for film producers and have collectively protested for socio-political issues. Elections in the Producers council, which is made up of over 1500 members, are held\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20129745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"the light of empirical evidence, arguing that production prices in the classical sense can only be \\\"theoretical\\\" notions, which strictly speaking do not exist in reality. What does exist in real capitalist competition are a type of regulating prices, the dynamics of which he explicates in detail. Shaikh agrees with Keynes and with businesspeople, that what matters financially in business, is the relationship between the real rate of interest on capital and the real rate of profit on capital (at the micro level of individual firms and at the macro-level of aggregated business results). According to statistical calculations by Shaikh\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Together We Are One (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Connect-R with \\\"Loca\\\" and preceding Latvia's Vocal Group Cosmos with \\\"I Hear Your Heart\\\"). At the close of voting, it had received 4 points (all from France), placing 23rd in a field of 24. Together We Are One (song) \\\"Together We Are One\\\" (often known by the Hebrew title \\\"Ze Hazman\\\" (Hebrew script: זה הזמן; English translation: \\\"It's Time\\\") was the Israeli entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, performed in English and Hebrew by Eddie Butler. This was the first Israeli entry for which the official title did not contain at least some Hebrew. The song is heavily influenced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8736552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix and Foxi\",\n \"text\": \"the Bertelsmann Group. Shortly after Tigerpress had faced bankruptcy in 2009, the magazine was once again relaunched, this time by New Ground Publishing, which went into liquidation at the end of 2010. In the last years of his life, Kauka began planning the Fix & Foxi TV series together with his wife, Alexandra Kauka. He also planned (in collaboration with the Ravensburger Corporation) Fix & Foxi Adventure Land in the Ravensburger Spieleland theme park. The \\\"Fix & Foxi and Friends\\\" TV series, first broadcast in Germany in February 2000, found its way into 30 countries. The two main characters of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6315189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Technological fix\",\n \"text\": \"Technological fix A technological fix, technical fix, technological shortcut or solutionism refers to the attempt of using engineering or technology to solve a problem (often created by earlier technological interventions). Some references define technological fix as an \\\"attempt to repair the harm of a technology by modification of the system\\\", that might involve modification of the machine and/or modification of the procedures for operating and maintaining it. Technological fixes are inevitable in modern technology. It has been observed that many technologies, although invented and developed to solve certain perceived problems, often create other problems in the process, known as externalities.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10001110\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\",\n \"text\": \"a studio version and a music video on his YouTube channel. Sky News remixed portions of speeches by David Cameron to make it appear as though he was reciting the chorus as promotion for their coverage of the 2014 Scotland Independence Referendum. Credits are adapted from the liner notes of the CD single. !scope=\\\"row\\\"| South Korea !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together \\\"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\\\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, \\\"Red\\\" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16726342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fix Like This\",\n \"text\": \"Balzic what happened. Balzic suspects the men will take revenge, and he works to prevent the death of a citizen or two of Rocksburg. It is the fourth book in the 17-volume Rocksburg series. A Fix Like This A Fix Like This is a crime novel by the American writer K.C. Constantine set in 1970s Rocksburg, a fictional, blue-collar, Rustbelt town in Western Pennsylvania (modeled on the author's hometown of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh). Mario Balzic is the protagonist, an atypical detective for the genre, a Serbo-Italian American cop, middle-aged, unpretentious, a family man who asks questions and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12696134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix (position)\",\n \"text\": \"Fix (position) In position fixing navigation, a position fix (PF) or simply a fix is a position derived from measuring in relation to external reference points. In nautical applications, the term is generally used with manual or visual techniques such as the use of intersecting visual or radio position lines rather than the use of more automated and accurate electronic methods such as GPS; in aviation, use of electronic navigation aids is more common. A visual fix can be made by using any sighting device with a bearing indicator. Two or more objects of known position are sighted, and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3773012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix-up\",\n \"text\": \"criticism was popularised by the first (1979) edition of the \\\"Encyclopedia of Science Fiction\\\", edited by Peter Nicholls, which credited Van Vogt with the creation of the term. The name comes from the modifications that the author needs to make in the original texts to make them fit together as though they were a novel. Foreshadowing of events from the later stories may be jammed into an early chapter of the fix-up, and character development may be interleaved throughout the book. Contradictions and inconsistencies between episodes are usually worked out. Some fix-ups in their final form are more of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8538713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The College Fix\",\n \"text\": \"The College Fix The College Fix is an American libertarian-conservative news website focused on higher education. It was created in 2011 by journalist John J. Miller and is published by the non-profit Student Free Press Association. The site features \\\"right-minded news and commentary\\\" and often attacks what it describes as \\\"political correctness\\\". The SFPA and \\\"The College Fix\\\" are designed \\\"to groom young conservatives for careers in the news media by placing college students in internships with right-leaning publications.\\\" Miller had long desired \\\"to help other conservative and libertarian campus journalists\\\" and \\\"The Fix\\\" gives them a platform where they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20755565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fix with Sontarans\",\n \"text\": \"A Fix with Sontarans \\\"A Fix with Sontarans\\\" is a specially written segment produced for the BBC children's programme \\\"Jim'll Fix It\\\" featuring Colin Baker in character as the Sixth Doctor. It was broadcast on 23 February 1985. The Sixth Doctor (Colin Baker) is working the controls in the TARDIS, and he accidentally teleports his former companion Tegan Jovanka (Janet Fielding) on board. She is less than happy about this, and reluctantly agrees to help the Time Lord. He reveals that two Sontarans are on board, and they possess a powerful vitrox bomb with which they intend to blow up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17014670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix a Heart\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Fix a Heart\\\", \\\"Skyscraper\\\" and \\\"For the Love of a Daughter\\\", were similar to the content of Lindsay Lohan's record \\\"A Little More Personal (Raw)\\\" (2005). He also criticized Lovato's voice, saying that she \\\"doesn't quite have the pipes to sing [those songs] without straining\\\". In contrast, Joe DeAndrea of AbsolutePunk wrote, \\\"Lovato's vocals are unmatched – not only compared to her previous efforts, but the majority of vocalists in general. [...] The emotion throughout tracks like 'Lightweight' and 'Fix a Heart' show the true compassion within her voice as you can feel her heartache pouring out of the speakers\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20046810\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Big Fix\",\n \"text\": \"systems. A Big Fix A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis is a 2005 book by Ian Lowe which argues that the warnings from environmental scientists are urgent and unequivocal. Professor Lowe suggests that resources are being used too quickly, environmental systems are being compromised, and society is being destabilised by the increasing gap between rich and poor. Lowe proposes several radical solutions. He advocates a fundamental change to our personal values and social institutions and provides a vision of a healthier society – one that is more humane, takes an eco-centric approach, adopts longer-term thinking, and respects\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12150116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Big Fix\",\n \"text\": \"A Big Fix A Big Fix: Radical Solutions for Australia's Environmental Crisis is a 2005 book by Ian Lowe which argues that the warnings from environmental scientists are urgent and unequivocal. Professor Lowe suggests that resources are being used too quickly, environmental systems are being compromised, and society is being destabilised by the increasing gap between rich and poor. Lowe proposes several radical solutions. He advocates a fundamental change to our personal values and social institutions and provides a vision of a healthier society – one that is more humane, takes an eco-centric approach, adopts longer-term thinking, and respects natural\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12150115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"price distributions and value distributions can be inferred from each other, would suggest that the production price is empirically obtained from a straightforward \\\"statistical averaging\\\" of aggregated cost prices and profits. In that case, the production price is a theoretical midpoint which fluctuating actual prices would match exactly only by exception. In another interpretation, however, the production price reflects only an empirical output price-level which \\\"dominates\\\" in the market for that output (a \\\"norm\\\" applying to a branch of production or economic sector, which producers cannot escape from). That is, the prevailing value proportions and necessary labour requirements set a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Metal prices\",\n \"text\": \"the price by talking to producers, traders and consumers. These prices are more an indication than an actual exchange price. Unlike the prices on an exchange, pricing providers tend to give a weekly or bi-weekly price. For each commodity they quote a range (low and high price) which reflect the buying and selling rbout 9-fold due to China's transition from light to heavy industry and its focus on manufacturing. (China became the world's largest consumer of iron ore in 2003, and accounts for over half of global metal consumption.) The commodities quoted have a specific grade and quality of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13567799\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Time to first fix\",\n \"text\": \"the slow radio connection from the satellites. Time to first fix Time To First Fix (TTFF) is a measure of the time required for a GPS navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution (called a fix). The TTFF is commonly broken down into three more specific scenarios, as defined in the GPS equipment guide: Many receivers can use as many as twelve channels simultaneously, allowing quicker fixes. Many cell phones reduce the time to first fix by using assisted GPS (A-GPS): they acquire almanac and ephemeris data over a fast network connection from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8091274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Time to first fix\",\n \"text\": \"Time to first fix Time To First Fix (TTFF) is a measure of the time required for a GPS navigation device to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution (called a fix). The TTFF is commonly broken down into three more specific scenarios, as defined in the GPS equipment guide: Many receivers can use as many as twelve channels simultaneously, allowing quicker fixes. Many cell phones reduce the time to first fix by using assisted GPS (A-GPS): they acquire almanac and ephemeris data over a fast network connection from the cell phone operator rather than over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8091273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Life to Fix\",\n \"text\": \"Life to Fix \\\"Life to Fix\\\" is a song by the American alternative rock band The Record Company. The song is the lead single from their second studio album \\\"All of This Life,\\\" and was released on April 20, 2018. On April 14, 2018, the band announced that they had finished recording their new album. Two days later, on April 16, the band released a teaser for the song on their Instagram and announced that it would be coming out on April 20. NPR described \\\"Life to Fix\\\" as a track that \\\"takes off like a supersonic jet blowing wildly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20669828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Quick Fix of Melancholy\",\n \"text\": \"A Quick Fix of Melancholy A Quick Fix of Melancholy is the fourth EP by Norwegian experimental collective Ulver. Produced in the Winter of 2002, the EP was issued on 26 August 2003 via Jester Records. A precursor to the album, \\\"Blood Inside\\\", \\\"A Quick Fix of Melancholy\\\" showcases the band's ability to seamlessly combine ambient and electronic music with orchestral elements. The text from “Vowels” is by Canadian author Christian Bök, taken from \\\"Eunoia\\\" (Coach House Books, 2002) and used with permission. “Eitttlane” is a rearrangement of “Nattleite” from 1996 album \\\"Kveldssanger\\\". In an interview with Modern Fix Kristoffer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5192307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"This Is A Fix album tour\",\n \"text\": \"fans to vote for tracks that they wanted to hear from previous album Not Accepted Anywhere, ultimately \\\"That's What She Said\\\", \\\"By My Side\\\", \\\"Lost at Home\\\", \\\"Recover\\\", \\\"Raoul\\\", \\\"On The Campaign Trail\\\" and \\\"Monster\\\" made the setlist for various legs of the tour. This Is A Fix album tour The This Is A Fix album tour was the 2008 & 2009 tour surrounding the release of Welsh band The Automatic's second album This Is A Fix. The first leg of the tour was played at smaller clubs and venues around the United Kingdom, whilst later dates were at some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14417317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"a difference between the nominal prices and the inflation-adjusted price. The price of a stock or a debt security, expressed in a given currency, may be highly variable, and their variable yields may in turn revalue or devalue the prices of related assets. Thus, the \\\"price mechanism\\\" is often not simply a function of supply and demand for a tradable object, but of a \\\"structure\\\" of related and co-existing prices, where fluctuations in one group of prices impact on another group of prices, perhaps quite contrary to the wishes of buyers and sellers. In this sense, the concept of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First fix and second fix\",\n \"text\": \"First fix and second fix First fix and second fix are terms used in the UK and Irish housebuilding and commercial building construction industry. \\\"First fix\\\" comprises all the work needed to take a building from foundation to putting plaster on the internal walls. This includes constructing walls, floors and ceilings, and inserting cables for electrical supply and pipes for water supply. Some argue that First Fix starts after the shell of the building is complete, and ends when the walls are plastered. Here is a list, in no particular order, of the elements of First Fix. The list is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9873615\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Are What You Is\",\n \"text\": \"Harris adding overdubs and joining the group for Zappa's fall 1980 tour. However, \\\"You Are What You Is\\\" was not released until after \\\"Tinseltown Rebellion\\\" and \\\"Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar\\\" although the latter two albums included material from the fall tour. The album also included guest appearances from former band members, including Jimmy Carl Black and Motorhead Sherwood from the 60's Mothers of Invention, as well as the first appearances on record of Zappa's children Moon Unit and Ahmet. Like many of Zappa's albums, some of the tracks are bound together, and the album lacks an overall storyline.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12945393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\",\n \"text\": \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together \\\"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\\\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, \\\"Red\\\" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released as the lead single from \\\"Red\\\" on August 13, 2012, by Big Machine Records. Its lyrics depict Swift's frustrations at an ex-lover who wants to re-kindle their relationship. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine named the song the second best song of 2012 while it took the fourth spot in \\\"Time\\\"s end-of-year poll. The song received a Grammy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16726303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix the Debt\",\n \"text\": \"programs that benefit their companies. He also pointed out that the group calls for a reduction in government spending on social security but not on defence spending, a major business area for Honeywell. \\\"It’s easier to get face time in Washington as a deficit hawk than as a corporate hack,\\\" he said, continuing \\\"They are spending millions, but they are protecting billions in defense contracts and tax giveaways that would otherwise be on the chopping block.\\\" Fix the Debt Fix the Debt is a group of executives and former legislators who campaign for deficit reduction and tax reform. The Campaign\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17677169\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First fix and second fix\",\n \"text\": \"free\\\", so as to minimize the introduction, generation and retention of particles which may contaminate equipment serving the electronics and pharmaceuticals manufacturing process, that the build-out of \\\"clean room\\\" spaces can commence. First fix and second fix First fix and second fix are terms used in the UK and Irish housebuilding and commercial building construction industry. \\\"First fix\\\" comprises all the work needed to take a building from foundation to putting plaster on the internal walls. This includes constructing walls, floors and ceilings, and inserting cables for electrical supply and pipes for water supply. Some argue that First Fix starts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9873620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Disinformation Fix\",\n \"text\": \"the group added keyboardist Mike Dixon to their line-up. By May 2001, however, the group broke-up, partially due to financial conflicts, leaving the album unfinished with the exception of six recorded songs. These six tracks, along with other unreleased recordings as well as the rest of the band's discography, would later be released as a two-disc compilation album by Alone Records in 2003 titled \\\"Disinformation Fix\\\". Notes Disinformation Fix Disinformation Fix is the discography compilation album by Usurp Synapse, which was released as a double disc compact disc through the New York label Alone Records on July 29, 2003. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20000807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Signum (musical group)\",\n \"text\": \"Signum (musical group) Signum is the name for two Dutch producers, Pascal Minnaard () and Ronald Hagen () They are producers who create and remix mainly trance music. Originally they both lived in Zoetermeer, a city in the Netherlands. In 2008, Minnaard moved to Norway with his fiancé. Both Hagen and Minnaard still work together with the aid of internet technology and share projects together to create Signum tracks and DJ sets. Their first notable mainstream success was in 1997 with \\\"What Ya Got 4 Me\\\" (based on Tony de Vit's \\\"The Dawn\\\"), becoming a club anthem. This song was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7454505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"turns out that much more is involved than the observation of a price-tag or number might suggest. For most of the history of economics, economic theorists were not primarily concerned with explaining the actual, real price-levels. Instead their theorizing was concerned with theoretical (ideal) prices. Simon Clarke explains for example: It is only relatively recently that economists have tried to create generalizations about the actual pricing procedures used by business enterprises, based on information about what business people actually do (instead of an abstract mathematical model). When goods are produced for sale, they may be priced, but those prices are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul Fix\",\n \"text\": \"of H.M.S. Pinafore. He went on to serve as a hospital corpsman aboard troop transports ferrying troops to Europe. He was discharged on September 5, 1919. Following World War I, Fix became a busy character actor who obtained his start in local productions in New York. By the 1920s, he had moved to Hollywood, and performed in the first of almost 350 movie and television appearances. In the 1930s, he became friends with John Wayne. He was Wayne's acting coach and eventually appeared as a featured player in about 27 of Wayne's films. Fix worked in early films such as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7781445\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iyanla: Fix My Life\",\n \"text\": \"positive reviews by critics. As writer and columnist Nancy Colasurdo proclaimed, \\\"Fix My Life\\\" is \\\"what \\\"reality\\\" television can be. It’s what it should be. Reaching for our best selves. Focusing on what can make our lives meaningful. Learning from others’ mistakes because they are so often our own. Having hard conversations.\\\" Colasurdo further recognizes Vanzant's gutsy, honest approach to handling difficult situations. Critic Jon Caramanica proposes that Vanzant possesses \\\"a mystical air but with a deeply grounded approach. She speaks in a soothing, encouraging voice, makes phenomenal eye contact and has an evident distaste for polish. \\\"Iyanla: Fix My\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16699356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\",\n \"text\": \"platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), while also being certified platinum or more in Australia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, New Zealand, Japan and Denmark. The song is one of the best-selling singles worldwide, with worldwide sales reaching 7 million copies to date (according to the IFPI). After writing \\\"Speak Now\\\" (2010) entirely solo, Swift opted to collaborate with different songwriters and producers for \\\"Red\\\". Thus, she called Max Martin and Shellback, two songwriters and producers whose work she admired, to discuss a possible collaboration. The trio conceived the concept for \\\"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16726306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"that what industrial competition really revolves around, is principally the difference between the value of the new commodities produced, and their cost-prices, i.e. the potential surplus-value (the trading gain) which can be realized from them. There are constant disparities in space and time between labour-expenditures and capital returns, but also just as constant attempts to overcome or take advantage of those disparities. Thus, unrestricted economic competition has the result that the law of value regulates the trade in newly produced commodities: the ultimate limits of what products will trade for, i.e. their supply price, are set by comparative costs in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"they may not). The number of ideal prices used for calculations or signalling in the world vastly exceeds the number of real prices fetched. At any point in time, most economic goods and services in society are being owned or used, but not traded; nevertheless people are constantly extrapolating prices which would apply \\\"if\\\" they were traded in markets or \\\"if\\\" they had to be replaced. Such price information is essential to estimate the possible incomes, budgetary implications or expenditures associated with a transaction. The distinction is currently best known in the profession of auditing. It also has enormous significance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Motion-capture acting\",\n \"text\": \"motion-capture actors. The Alliance of Motion Picture & Television Producers does not consider motion-capture acting as the same type of work as acting, which means that motion-capture actors are often paid less. The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) has lobbied the industry for better employment terms and conditions for motion-capture actors, and argued that motion-capture work should be included in standard labor contracts. The industry in 2012 did not give awards for motion-capture acting. Motion-capture acting Motion-capture acting, also called performance-capture acting, sometimes abbreviated as MoCap or Pcap, is a type of acting in which an actor wears markers or sensors\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18120524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Fix (album)\",\n \"text\": \"The Fix (album) The Fix is the seventh studio album by American rapper Scarface. The album was released on August 6, 2002. The album was highly acclaimed, receiving a rare 5-mic rating from hip-hop magazine \\\"The Source\\\". It debuted at #4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart, with well over 160,000 copies sold in its 1st week. Guest artists on the album include Jay-Z, Beanie Sigel, Nas, Faith Evans, and WC. Producers include Mike Dean, Kanye West, Tony Pizarro, Nottz, and The Neptunes. \\\"The Fix\\\" was Scarface's first release on Def Jam Recordings; he became the president of Def Jam South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7748641\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First fix and second fix\",\n \"text\": \"not exhaustive. \\\"Second fix\\\" comprises all the work after the plastering of a finished house. Electrical fixtures are connected to the cables, sinks and baths connected to the pipes, and doors fitted into doorframes. Second fix work requires a neater finish than first fix. The division of work is a convenient description because electricians, plumbers and carpenters will probably have to make two separate visits to one property under construction, at separate times. Project managers can report \\\"first fix complete\\\" or \\\"second fix 50% done\\\" and others can understand. Some construction companies specialise in first fix work or second fix\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9873616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"natural prices\\\". Support for this interpretation can be found in \\\"Capital, Volume I\\\", where Marx criticizes and ridicules the concept of a \\\"natural price of labour\\\" - this concept, he argues, rests on confusions of several different economic categories. Similarly, in \\\"Capital, Volume III\\\", Marx rejects the concept of a \\\"natural\\\" interest rate, arguing that what this really refers to is just the interest rate that results out of free competition. According to this argument, there is actually nothing \\\"natural\\\" about the allegedly \\\"natural\\\" prices - they are socially determined effects of capitalist production and trade. More importantly,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul Fix\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Fix Peter Paul Fix (March 13, 1901 – October 14, 1983) was an American film and television character actor who was best known for his work in Westerns. Fix appeared in more than a hundred movies and dozens of television shows over a 56-year career between 1925 and 1981. Fix was best known for portraying Marshal Micah Torrance, opposite Chuck Connors's character in \\\"The Rifleman\\\" from 1958–1963. Fix later appeared with Chuck Connors in the 1966 western film \\\"Ride Beyond Vengeance\\\". Paul Fix was born in Dobbs Ferry, New York, to Wilhelm Fix, a brewmaster, and the former Louise\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7781443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"successful market transactions are assumed and market fluctuations are initially mostly disregarded - but that gives only one half of the story. The products have to be sold at a profit, and purchased at a competitive price, through market trade and the circulation of capital. The argument in \\\"Capital, Volume III\\\" (Marx intended to publish still more volumes, but did not manage to do so) is that the sales of newly produced commodities in the capitalist mode of production are \\\"regulated\\\" by their production prices. What products will sell for, has to do with what it normally costs to make\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528107\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In a Fix\",\n \"text\": \"episode has one of four designers, Evette Rios, Nani Vinken, Franzella Guido and Deborah DiMare. An episode usually involves three to four crew members who do the construction, although some episodes involve more crew members at a time depending on the size of the project. The crew members are Justin Brown, Marc Bartolomeo (aka “Sparky”), Jennie Lyn Berntson, Gregory Carey, James Lunday, Danny Paul, and Don Wood. The theme music for the program was composed by former Hüsker Dü member Bob Mould. In a Fix In a Fix is an American television series involving a team of construction workers and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7643263\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Love Has Joined Together\",\n \"text\": \"(See What Love Has...Joined Together ) . What Love Has Joined Together \\\"What Love Has Joined Together\\\" is a song written and composed by Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers, was recorded by five Motown acts: The Miracles, Mary Wells, The Temptations, Barbara McNair, and Syreeta, and was issued as B-sides to hits by Wells and The Temptations; \\\"Your Old Standby\\\" for Wells, released in 1963, and \\\"It's Growing\\\" by The Temptations, released in 1965. The song talks about a person professing their love to their loved one regardless of people's comments trying to separate them, with the person\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12135369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In a Fix\",\n \"text\": \"In a Fix In a Fix is an American television series involving a team of construction workers and a designer who \\\"rescue\\\" homeowners from stalled \\\"do-it-yourself\\\" renovation projects. Original episodes of \\\"In a Fix\\\", which was produced by NorthSouth Productions, aired on TLC in 2004 and 2005. The program has been shown in reruns on the Discovery Home Channel in the United States, TLC in Canada and Discovery Real Time in Asia. Each episode of \\\"In a Fix\\\" follows a similar formula. The host, designer, and construction team “surprises” the homeowners, most often a pair of spouses or two close\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7643261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Egg Producers\",\n \"text\": \"United Egg Producers United Egg Producers (UEP) is a Capper–Volstead agricultural cooperative in the United States which represents the interests of American egg producers. Egg producer's concern over the volatility of prices due to overproduction during the early 1960s was the impetus for the creation of UEP. To combat these intermittent price fluctuations, producers began by coordinating egg production through several regional marketing associations, including the Northwest Egg Producers (NWEP); the Western Egg Company (WESTCO); the Southwest Egg Producers (SWEP); the National Egg Company (NECO), which focused on the Southeastern United States; and the Northeast Egg Marketing Association (NEMA). This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13759320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saxbe fix\",\n \"text\": \"of living adjustment statutes, as noted by legal scholar Eugene Volokh on his blog, The Volokh Conspiracy. Before the January 2009 pay increases, secretaries made $191,300 compared to Members of Congress who earned $169,300. Without a Saxbe fix, Clinton would have been ineligible to serve in the Cabinet until the conclusion of the 112th United States Congress in January 2013, near the end of Obama's elected term. The Senate passed Saxbe-fix legislation on December 10, 2008, acting by unanimous consent to reduce the Secretary of State's salary back to its January 1, 2007 level of $186,000, taking effect at 12:00\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12724675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"and Tsoulfidis, the discrepancies between the different empirical measures of product-values, prices of production, regulating prices and market prices which are feasible (using input-output data, labour data and capital stock data) turn out to be, on the whole, not very large. This suggests that the enormously long Marxist debate about the relationship between product-values and product-prices was, in a sense, unwarranted; overall, the differences between average product-prices and the underlying product-values are, as far as can be established, just not very great. And if the price/value differences are not very great, then Marx was quite justified in mostly disregarding them\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528188\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Program temporary fix\",\n \"text\": \"Program temporary fix Program temporary fix or Product temporary fix (PTF), sometimes depending on date, is the standard IBM terminology for a single bug fix, or group of fixes, distributed in a form ready to install for customers. Customers sometime explain the acronym in a tongue-in-cheek manner as \\\"permanent temporary fix\\\" or more practically \\\"probably this fixes\\\", because they have the option to make the PTF a permanent part of the operating system if the patch fixes the problem. A PTF normally follows an APAR, and where an \\\"APAR fix\\\" was issued, the PTF \\\"is a tested APAR\\\" or set\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6860167\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Program temporary fix\",\n \"text\": \"Program temporary fix Program temporary fix or Product temporary fix (PTF), sometimes depending on date, is the standard IBM terminology for a single bug fix, or group of fixes, distributed in a form ready to install for customers. Customers sometime explain the acronym in a tongue-in-cheek manner as \\\"permanent temporary fix\\\" or more practically \\\"probably this fixes\\\", because they have the option to make the PTF a permanent part of the operating system if the patch fixes the problem. A PTF normally follows an APAR, and where an \\\"APAR fix\\\" was issued, the PTF \\\"is a tested APAR\\\" or set\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6860162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"This Is a Fix\",\n \"text\": \"mean, a drugs fix, it could mean a solution to something or a fix, as in a set-up\\\" Hawkins told the BBC in July 2008. There are however some recurring themes - although they were not intentional; espionage and being lied and manipulated to by the media and government appear frequently Tracks which deal with deceptions, and specially target certain bodies include \\\"Responsible Citizen\\\" which targets the government's policies on drinking, \\\"Magazines\\\" is written about the band's experiences with the press and how the media can manipulate its audience. \\\"Accessories\\\" similarly deals with the media - specifically the record industry.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11851921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"This is an interpretation within the framework of equilibrium economics, which suggests that production prices are really a kind of \\\"equilibrium prices\\\". It can be supported with some textual evidence, insofar as Marx sometimes defines the production price as the price that would apply if the supply and demand for products were balanced. At other times, he refers to a \\\"long-term average price\\\" or a \\\"regulating price\\\". He does not say precisely how these three different concepts are related. The main objection against equating production prices with natural prices is that Marx's concept of production prices is precisely a \\\"critique\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers\",\n \"text\": \"their rights as producers and to collectively market maple syrup. This effort inspired the formation of a larger agreement all across Quebec in 1966. Since 1989, all FPAQ’s producers abide by a collective agreement to market their product. Together, the producers establish policies, negotiate their selling strategy, enforce production quota, set up quality criteria and sponsor promotional activities. However, if they cannot come to an agreement the act calls for an outside opinion to arbitrate. The maple syrup producers who sell directly to consumers are exempted from this law. The FPAQ collaborates with the ACER center to conduct research and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15579338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What to Do When You Are Dead\",\n \"text\": \"In early February 2005, Armor for Sleep went on tour with Something Corporate, Straylight Run, and The Academy Is... Later in the month, the group toured with Recover, Say Anything, and Case Pagan. \\\"What to Do When You Are Dead\\\" was released through Equal Vision Records on February 22. Some copies of the album included a bonus DVD that contained live footage, a documentary on the creation of the album, as well as music videos for \\\"Dream to Make Believe\\\" songs \\\"My Town\\\" and \\\"Dream to Make Believe\\\". The iTunes edition of the album included \\\"Very Invisible\\\" as a bonus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4480215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Life to Fix\",\n \"text\": \"through the universe of rock,\\\" adding, \\\"It's got seventh-inning stretch stadium rock anthem written all over it.\\\" Rolling Stone named it one of their \\\"10 Best Country and Americana Songs of the Week\\\" for the week of April 20, 2018, describing it as \\\"a rough-and-tumble ode to hitting rock bottom and building yourself 'back up, brick by brick.'\\\" \\\"Life to Fix was sent to adult album alternative stations on April 30, 2018, and to active rock stations a day later on May 1, 2018. A lyric video for the song was released on April 18, 2018. Life to Fix \\\"Life\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20669829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Are Little Boys Made Of?\",\n \"text\": \"many variant forms. For example, other versions may describe boys as being made of \\\"snaps\\\", \\\"frogs\\\", \\\"snakes\\\", or \\\"slugs\\\", rather than \\\"snips\\\" as above. In the earliest known versions, the first ingredient for boys is either \\\"snips\\\" or \\\"snigs\\\", the latter being a Cumbrian dialect word for a small eel. The rhyme sometimes appears as part of a larger work called \\\"What Folks Are Made Of\\\" or \\\"What All the World Is Made Of\\\". Other stanzas describe what babies, young men, young women, sailors, soldiers, nurses, fathers, mothers, old men, old women, and all folks are made of. According to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6313396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"the (either simultaneous or sequential) \\\"reciprocal effects\\\" of individual business behaviour and aggregate economic outcomes. Additionally, it must also be recognised that \\\"prices\\\" are not all of one kind; \\\"actual market prices realised\\\" are not the same as ideal prices of various kinds, which may be extrapolated from real prices. A more serious criticism of Marx is that the theory of prices of production is still pitched at a \\\"far too abstract theoretical level\\\" to be able to explain anything like specific real price movements. That is, Marx only illustrated with examples the \\\"general results towards which the competitive process\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528172\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Food prices\",\n \"text\": \"some initiative in the industrialized world as well. In Canada, Dalhousie University and the University of Guelph publish Canada's Food Price Report every year, since 2010. Read by millions of people every year, the report monitors and forecasts food prices for the coming year.. The report was created by Canadian researchers Sylvain Charlebois and Francis Tapon. In 2013, Overseas Development Institute researchers showed that rice has more than doubled in price since 2000, rising by 120% in real terms. This was as a result of shifts in trade policy and restocking by major producers. More fundamental drivers of increased prices\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19557395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"invested in production get transformed into a larger sum of capital? What are the dynamics and overall results of that process? What are the implications for the process of economic reproduction? The existence of different types of production prices implies a much more complex picture than Marx initially provides in his discussion of the leveling out of profit rates through price competition. Thus, for example, in his discussion of ground rent, Marx claims that farm products can be persistently sold for more than their price of production, but below their value, while many manufactured products obtain their price of production\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Producers Releasing Corporation\",\n \"text\": \"screening PRC films on television. Many PRC films are now in the public domain and appear on budget DVDs. Producers Releasing Corporation Producers Releasing Corporation was one of the less prestigious of the Hollywood film studios. It was considered a prime example of what was called \\\"Poverty Row\\\", a term originally applied to a stretch of Gower Street in Hollywood known for being the headquarters of a plethora of low-budget production companies, mainly because the rents were cheap. Many of these companies would make only a few low-budget \\\"B\\\" pictures, then disappear; others, like PRC and Monogram, lasted for a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4822102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Love Has Joined Together\",\n \"text\": \"What Love Has Joined Together \\\"What Love Has Joined Together\\\" is a song written and composed by Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers, was recorded by five Motown acts: The Miracles, Mary Wells, The Temptations, Barbara McNair, and Syreeta, and was issued as B-sides to hits by Wells and The Temptations; \\\"Your Old Standby\\\" for Wells, released in 1963, and \\\"It's Growing\\\" by The Temptations, released in 1965. The song talks about a person professing their love to their loved one regardless of people's comments trying to separate them, with the person stressing the point that \\\"what love has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12135367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kind of an American are You?\",\n \"text\": \"found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. The song urges Americans (specifically immigrants) to use this war to prove their loyalty to the United States; whether that may be by fighting or by simply standing behind the US's actions. For those who show no support, this question is posed: \\\"What are you doing over here?\\\" It upholds the \\\"us-against-them\\\" mentality; the \\\"them\\\" in this case is Germany. The chorus is as follows: What Kind of an American are You? What Kind of an American are you?, also known as What Kind of American are you?, is a World War I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19286485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Man (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Mars singing and acting out various scenes, such as arm wrestling scene with many men competitors. The original \\\"What A Man\\\" was performed in the movie \\\"The Sapphires\\\" and appears on the soundtrack album. It was used as Dan Wilson's intro music when he came up to bat for the Seattle Mariners. The Salt-N-Pepa version appears in a 2016 television commercial for Walmart. A sub-unit of South Korean girl group I.O.I from Produce 101 sampled the hook of the Salt-n-Pepa version for their song \\\"Whatta Man,\\\" which was released on August 9, 2016. What a Man (song) \\\"What a Man\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8713740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"We Are What We Are (2010 film)\",\n \"text\": \"72% based on 43 reviews from critics, with a \\\"Certified Fresh\\\" rating. Fantastic Fest Fantasia International Film Festival Expresión en Corto International Film Festival Chicago International Film Festival Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer Memento Films International optioned the rights for an English-language remake starring Julia Garner and Ambyr Childers, directed by Jim Mickle and written by Mickle and Nick Damici, who previously worked together on \\\"Mulberry Street\\\" and \\\"Stake Land\\\". We Are What We Are (2010 film) We Are What We Are () is a 2010 Mexican horror film directed by Jorge Michel Grau. The movie is about\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14945339\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paul Fix (racing driver)\",\n \"text\": \"president of Classic Tube, a company he co-founded with his wife, Lauren Fix. Founded in 1989 and based in Lancaster, New York, it manufactures automotive and industrial tubing products. In 1989 Fix also founded Fix Motorsports, which prepares race cars for customers competing in series sanctioned by the SCCA, the Historic Sportscar Racing Ltd (HSR), SVRA and other series. The company also restores and resells classic and high performance cars. Fix married Lauren Fix in 1989. They have two children together, Shelby Fix and Paul Fix III. Paul Fix (racing driver) Paul Fix II is an American racecar driver based\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17479452\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prices of production\",\n \"text\": \"between average quantities of labour-time currently required to produce products, value proportions between products exist quite independently of prices (and irrespective of whether goods are currently priced or not). As the structure of product-values changes across time, the structure of prices is likely to change as well, but product-prices will fluctuate above or below product-values and typically respond to changing value proportions only with a certain time lag. Essentially, the advantage of distinguishing sharply between values and prices in this context is that it enables us to depict the interaction between shifts in product-values and shifts in product-prices as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5528175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fix a Heart\",\n \"text\": \"held at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California, saying, \\\"Slowing things a bit [after singing 'Body Say'], she pulled a bar stool onto the catwalk and absolutely killed during 'Fix a Heart'\\\". An editor of \\\"The Columbus Dispatch\\\" praised Lovato's vocals on the show offered in Columbus, Ohio, writing, \\\"Even when she slowed things down with older tracks 'Fix A Heart' and 'Nightingale', her powerhouse vocals reverberated throughout the arena\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Unbroken\\\". Following the release of \\\"Unbroken\\\", \\\"Fix a Heart\\\" sold 37,000 downloads during its first week of availability in the United States, entering\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20046815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"This Is A Fix album tour\",\n \"text\": \"This Is A Fix album tour The This Is A Fix album tour was the 2008 & 2009 tour surrounding the release of Welsh band The Automatic's second album This Is A Fix. The first leg of the tour was played at smaller clubs and venues around the United Kingdom, whilst later dates were at some of the countries larger venues. The band's first tour with new guitarist Paul Mullen involved touring some of the smaller less-known venues and clubs of the United Kingdom. The tour involved the band playing a 50/50 split of old and new material. Many of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14417312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"previously anticipated or included in the mathematical models. Commenting on the information problems associated with prices, Randall S. Kroszner, a Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, theorizes: In addition to the discrepancies between real prices and ideal prices, it may in fact be impossible at any one time to \\\"know\\\" what the \\\"correct\\\" price of something ought to be, even although it is being traded anyway, for an actual price. The \\\"correct\\\" price level is only an ideal price, namely a price at which supply and demand would tend towards balance. But because of inadequate information,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fox in a Fix\",\n \"text\": \"A Fox in a Fix Fox in a Fix is a 1951 Warner Bros. cartoon starring a fox and a dog. The story opens when the fox is seen sneaking from atop a hill down to a farm. As he is walking, he narrates the story to the viewer. His first line is like: \\\"As the last light went out, I knew my chance had come, to get at those chickens\\\". After his first attempt and fail at stealing the chickens and being caught by the watch dog, he decides a different approach. To gain the friendship and trust of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589786\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\",\n \"text\": \"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life? What Are You Going to Do with Your Life? is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Echo & the Bunnymen. The album saw the departure of bassist Les Pattinson from the group, partly due to disagreements with vocalist Ian McCulloch; McCulloch and the remaining band member, guitarist Will Sergeant, subsequently recorded the record with session musicians. The London Metropolitan Orchestra provided backing music and the American alternative hip hop band Fun Lovin' Criminals appeared as guest musicians on two tracks. The album was produced by Alan Douglas and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7126096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Real prices and ideal prices\",\n \"text\": \"ideal prices used to guide economic actors rely on observed trends in real prices which fluctuate a great deal in ways that are difficult to predict, and if the predictions made \\\"themselves\\\" influence price levels. It plays an important role in the theory of information asymmetry to which Joseph Stiglitz has made important contributions. Price information is likely to be reliable, But additionally, any market cannot function unless participants show trust and cooperation, and are motivated to do so. Real prices and ideal prices The distinction between real prices and ideal prices is a distinction between \\\"actual prices paid\\\" for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6653707\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["restrictive trade practice","cartels","cartelizes","cartel"],"string":"[\n \"restrictive trade practice\",\n \"cartels\",\n \"cartelizes\",\n \"cartel\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78292,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"from the latin for kalium, what element, with an atomic number of 19, uses the symbol k?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Potassium","text":"lid of the container, and can detonate upon opening. Because of the highly reactive nature of potassium metal, it must be handled with great care, with full skin and eye protection and preferably an explosion-resistant barrier between the user and the metal. Ingestion of large amounts of potassium compounds can lead to hyperkalemia, strongly influencing the cardiovascular system. Potassium chloride is used in the United States for lethal injection executions. Potassium Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin \"kalium\") and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name","psg_id":"311870"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Potassium\",\n \"text\": \"lid of the container, and can detonate upon opening. Because of the highly reactive nature of potassium metal, it must be handled with great care, with full skin and eye protection and preferably an explosion-resistant barrier between the user and the metal. Ingestion of large amounts of potassium compounds can lead to hyperkalemia, strongly influencing the cardiovascular system. Potassium chloride is used in the United States for lethal injection executions. Potassium Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin \\\"kalium\\\") and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name\",\n \"psg_id\": \"311870\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Atomic number","text":"atomic numbers 1 to 118 have been observed. Synthesis of new elements is accomplished by bombarding target atoms of heavy elements with ions, such that the sum of the atomic numbers of the target and ion elements equals the atomic number of the element being created. In general, the half-life becomes shorter as atomic number increases, though an \"island of stability\" may exist for undiscovered isotopes with certain numbers of protons and neutrons. Atomic number The atomic number or proton number (symbol \"Z\") of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It","psg_id":"9432"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"Atomic number The atomic number or proton number (symbol \"Z\") of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons. The sum of the atomic number \"Z\" and the number of neutrons, \"N\", gives the mass number \"A\" of an atom. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes)","psg_id":"9417"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number \"Z\" was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei. The conventional symbol \"Z\" possibly comes from the German word (atomic number). However, prior to 1915, the word \"Zahl\" (simply \"number\") was used for an element's assigned number in the periodic table. Each element has a specific set of chemical properties as a consequence of the number of electrons present in the","psg_id":"9430"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"tube. The square root of the frequency of these photons increased from one target to the next in an arithmetic progression. This led to the conclusion (Moseley's law) that the atomic number does closely correspond (with an offset of one unit for K-lines, in Moseley's work) to the calculated electric charge of the nucleus, i.e. the element number \"Z\". Among other things, Moseley demonstrated that the lanthanide series (from lanthanum to lutetium inclusive) must have 15 members—no fewer and no more—which was far from obvious from the chemistry at that time. After Moseley's death in 1915, the atomic numbers of","psg_id":"9425"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"neutral atom, which is \"Z\" (the atomic number). The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element's electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. Hence, it is the atomic number alone that determines the chemical properties of an element; and it is for this reason that an element can be defined as consisting of \"any\" mixture of atoms with a given atomic number. The quest for new elements is usually described using atomic numbers. As of 2010, all elements with","psg_id":"9431"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"remaining naturally occurring chemical elements were identified and characterized by 1900, including: Elements isolated or produced since 1900 include: The first transuranium element (element with atomic number greater than 92) discovered was neptunium in 1940. Since 1999 claims for the discovery of new elements have been considered by the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party. As of January 2016, all 118 elements have been confirmed as discovered by IUPAC. The discovery of element 112 was acknowledged in 2009, and the name \"copernicium\" and the atomic symbol \"Cn\" were suggested for it. The name and symbol were officially endorsed by IUPAC on 19","psg_id":"69099"},{"title":"Mass number","text":"number of protons in a nucleus, and thus uniquely identifies an element. Hence, the difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons (\"N\") in a given nucleus: . The mass number is written either after the element name or as a superscript to the left of an element's symbol. For example, the most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12, or , which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The full isotope symbol would also have the atomic number (\"Z\") as a subscript to the left of the element symbol directly below the mass number:","psg_id":"3143515"},{"title":"Period 7 element","text":"elements of the 7th period. Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It was formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is one of the two least electronegative elements, the other being caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. As an alkali metal, it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis. Outside the laboratory, francium is extremely rare, with trace amounts","psg_id":"1621258"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"and the mass defect of nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in unified atomic mass units (making a quantity called the \"relative isotopic mass\"), is within 1% of the whole number \"A\". Atoms with the same atomic number \"Z\" but different neutron numbers \"N\", and hence different atomic masses, are known as isotopes. A little more than three-quarters of naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes (see monoisotopic elements), and the average isotopic mass of an isotopic mixture for an element (called the relative atomic mass)","psg_id":"9418"},{"title":"Effective atomic number","text":"is one quite different from that described above. The atomic number of a material exhibits a strong and fundamental relationship with the nature of radiation interactions within that medium. There are numerous mathematical descriptions of different interaction processes that are dependent on the atomic number, Z. When dealing with composite media (i.e. a bulk material composed of more than one element), one therefore encounters the difficulty of defining Z. An effective atomic number in this context is equivalent to the atomic number but is used for compounds (e.g. water) and mixtures of different materials (such as tissue and bone). This","psg_id":"6141580"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"be colored by anodization are particular advantages. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin \"Molybdaenum\", from Ancient Greek , meaning \"lead\", itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in","psg_id":"1402639"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"in a defined environment on Earth, determines the element's standard atomic weight. Historically, it was these atomic weights of elements (in comparison to hydrogen) that were the quantities measurable by chemists in the 19th century. The conventional symbol \"Z\" comes from the German word meaning \"number\", which, before the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table, whose order is approximately, but not completely, consistent with the order of the elements by atomic weights. Only after 1915, with the suggestion and evidence that this \"Z\" number was also the nuclear","psg_id":"9419"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"), the single element from which Rutherford made his guess). Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 (but was element on the periodic table), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was \"exactly\" equal to its place in the periodic table (also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized \"Z\"). This proved eventually to be the case. The experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913. Moseley, after discussions with Bohr","psg_id":"9423"},{"title":"Effective atomic number","text":"Effective atomic number Effective atomic number has two different meanings: one that is the effective nuclear charge of an atom, and one that calculates the average atomic number for a compound or mixture of materials. Both are abbreviated Z. The effective atomic number Z, (sometimes referred to as the effective nuclear charge) of an atom is the number of protons that an electron in the element effectively 'sees' due to screening by inner-shell electrons. It is a measure of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons in the atom. One can view the electrons in","psg_id":"6141575"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"hydrogen and deuterium). Thus, all carbon isotopes have nearly identical chemical properties because they all have six protons and six electrons, even though carbon atoms may, for example, have 6 or 8 neutrons. That is why the atomic number, rather than mass number or atomic weight, is considered the identifying characteristic of a chemical element. The symbol for atomic number is \"Z\". Isotopes are atoms of the same element (that is, with the same number of protons in their atomic nucleus), but having \"different\" numbers of neutrons. Thus, for example, there are three main isotopes of carbon. All carbon atoms","psg_id":"69048"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uraniumores. Polonium has been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft. As it is unstable, all isotopes of polonium are radioactive. There is disagreement as to whether polonium is a post-transition metal or metalloid. Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays","psg_id":"1533347"},{"title":"Symbol (chemistry)","text":"the material was known in ancient times, while for others, the name is a more recent invention. For example, \"He\" is the symbol for helium (New Latin name, not known in ancient Roman times), \"Pb\" for lead (\"plumbum\" in Latin), and \"Hg\" for mercury (\"hydrargyrum\" in Greek). Some symbols come from other sources, like \"W\" for tungsten (\"Wolfram\" in German, not known in Roman times). Temporary symbols assigned to newly or not-yet synthesized elements use 3-letter symbols based on their atomic numbers. For example, \"Uno\" was the temporary symbol for hassium (element 108) which had the temporary name of \"unniloctium\".","psg_id":"728898"},{"title":"Mass number","text":"Mass number The mass number (symbol \"A\", from the German word \"Atomgewicht\" (atomic weight), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic mass of atoms. Because protons and neutrons both are baryons, the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B as of the nucleus as of the whole atom or ion. The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element. This is not the same as the atomic number (\"Z\") which denotes the","psg_id":"3143514"},{"title":"Standard atomic weight","text":"publishes \"abridged\" values (up to five digits per number only), and for the twelve interval values, \"conventional\" values (single number values). Symbol \"A\" is a relative atomic mass, for example from a specific sample. To be specific, the standard atomic weight can be noted as , where (E) is the element symbol. The abridged atomic weight, also published by CIAAW, is derived from the standard atomic weight reducing the numbers to five digits (five significant figures). The name does not say 'rounded'. Interval borders are rounded \"downwards\" for the first (lowmost) border, and \"upwards\" for the \"upward\" (upmost) border. This","psg_id":"9972702"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"Klaproth named the new element in 1798 after the Latin word for \"earth\", \"tellus\". Gold telluride minerals (responsible for the name of Telluride, Colorado) are the most notable natural gold compounds. However, they are not a commercially significant source of tellurium itself, which is normally extracted as by-product of copper and lead production. Tellurium is commercially primarily used in alloys, foremost in steel and copper to improve machinability. Applications in solar panels and as a semiconductor material also consume a considerable fraction of tellurium production. Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name","psg_id":"1402661"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"years old, helped bolster the theory that stars can produce heavier elements. Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 and named it after Ruthenia, the Latin word for Rus'. Ruthenium usually occurs as a minor component of platinum ores and its annual production is only about 12 tonnes worldwide. Most ruthenium is used for wear-resistant","psg_id":"1402643"},{"title":"Symbol (chemistry)","text":"(see Chemical elements in East Asian languages). However, Latin symbols are also used, especially in formulas. A list of current, dated, as well as proposed and historical signs and symbols is included here with its signification. Also given is each element's atomic number, atomic weight or the atomic mass of the most stable isotope, group and period numbers on the periodic table, and etymology of the symbol. Hazard pictographs are another type of symbols used in chemistry. Antimatter atoms are denoted by a bar above the symbol for their matter counterpart, so e.g. H is the symbol for antihydrogen. The","psg_id":"728900"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"\"nuclide\") of the element, expressed in atomic mass units (symbol: u). In general, the mass number of a given nuclide differs in value slightly from its atomic mass, since the mass of each proton and neutron is not exactly 1 u; since the electrons contribute a lesser share to the atomic mass as neutron number exceeds proton number; and (finally) because of the nuclear binding energy. For example, the atomic mass of chlorine-35 to five significant digits is 34.969 u and that of chlorine-37 is 36.966 u. However, the atomic mass in u of each isotope is quite close to","psg_id":"69053"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"Like the other halogens, free iodine occurs mainly as a diatomic molecule I, and then only momentarily after being oxidized from iodide by an oxidant like free oxygen. In the universe and on Earth, iodine's high atomic number makes it a relatively rare element. However, its presence in ocean water has given it a role in biology (see below). Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the Earth's atmospherein trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation","psg_id":"1402663"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"of a given element are distinguished by their mass numbers, which are conventionally written as a superscript on the left hand side of the atomic symbol (e.g. U). The mass number is always a whole number and has units of \"nucleons\". For example, magnesium-24 (24 is the mass number) is an atom with 24 nucleons (12 protons and 12 neutrons). Whereas the mass number simply counts the total number of neutrons and protons and is thus a natural (or whole) number, the atomic mass of a single atom is a real number giving the mass of a particular isotope (or","psg_id":"69052"},{"title":"Atomic number","text":"obvious, led to inconsistency and uncertainty in the periodic numbering of elements at least from lutetium (element 71) onward (hafnium was not known at this time). In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms. This central charge would thus be approximately half the atomic weight (though it was almost 25% different from the atomic number of gold ,","psg_id":"9422"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"the crew what has happened, and his rationale for a subsequent dive to attempt another repair; he is afraid that if the reactor were to overheat, it could set off the actual nuclear warheads carried by the \"K-19\" and the accident would destroy not just the \"K-19\" but also the nearby American ship, provoking an American retaliatory attack and possibly inciting nuclear war. Vostrikov then waits for the crew to respond to his recommendation; the crew subsequently responds in the affirmative, and the \"K-19\" dives. Vostrikov then goes back to the reactor section after hailing Radtchenko and receiving no reply.","psg_id":"538582"},{"title":"Symbol (chemistry)","text":"Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of March 2017, no discovered elements have such a name), and are written with the first letter capitalized. Earlier chemical element symbols stem from classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because","psg_id":"728897"},{"title":"Pochhammer k-symbol","text":"Pariguan use these definitions to demonstrate a number of properties of the hypergeometric function. Although Díaz and Pariguan restrict these symbols to \"k\" > 0, the Pochhammer \"k\"-symbol as they define it is well-defined for all real \"k,\" and for negative \"k\" gives the falling factorial, while for \"k\" = 0 it reduces to the power \"x\". The Díaz and Pariguan paper does not address the many analogies between the Pochhammer \"k\"-symbol and the power function, such as the fact that the binomial theorem can be extended to Pochhammer \"k\"-symbols. It is true, however, that many equations involving the power","psg_id":"10519320"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"with the facts.\" When \"K-19: The Widowmaker\" was premiered in Russia in October 2002, fifty-two veterans of the \"K-19\" submarine accepted flights to the Saint Petersburg premiere; despite what they saw as technical as well as historical compromises, they praised the film and, in particular, the performance of Harrison Ford. In his review, film critic Roger Ebert compared \"K-19: The Widowmaker\" to other classic films of the genre, \"Movies involving submarines have the logic of chess: The longer the game goes, the fewer the possible remaining moves. 'K-19: The Widowmaker' joins a tradition that includes \"Das Boot\" and \"The Hunt","psg_id":"538590"},{"title":"Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","text":"Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), also referred to as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), is an analytical technique used for the detection of chemical elements. It is a type of emission spectroscopy that uses the inductively coupled plasma to produce excited atoms and ions that emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths characteristic of a particular element. It is a flame technique with a flame temperature in a range from 6000 to 10000 K. The intensity of this emission is indicative of the concentration of the element within the sample. The ICP-AES","psg_id":"6690982"},{"title":"Atomic emission spectroscopy","text":"Atomic emission spectroscopy Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line gives the identity of the element while the intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the number of atoms of the element A sample of a material (analyte) is brought into the flame as a gas, sprayed solution, or directly inserted into the flame by use of a small loop of","psg_id":"12502214"},{"title":"Pochhammer k-symbol","text":"Pochhammer k-symbol In the mathematical theory of special functions, the Pochhammer \"k\"-symbol and the \"k\"-gamma function, introduced by Rafael Díaz and Eddy Pariguan are generalizations of the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function. They differ from the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function in that they can be related to a general arithmetic progression in the same manner as those are related to the sequence of consecutive integers. The Pochhammer \"k\"-symbol (\"x\") is defined as and the \"k\"-gamma function Γ, with \"k\" > 0, is defined as When \"k\" = 1 the standard Pochhammer symbol and gamma function are obtained. Díaz and","psg_id":"10519319"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"isotopes: specifically the elements without any stable isotopes are technetium (atomic number 43), promethium (atomic number 61), and all observed elements with atomic numbers greater than 82. Of the 80 elements with at least one stable isotope, 26 have only one single stable isotope. The mean number of stable isotopes for the 80 stable elements is 3.1 stable isotopes per element. The largest number of stable isotopes that occur for a single element is 10 (for tin, element 50). The mass number of an element, \"A\", is the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atomic nucleus. Different isotopes","psg_id":"69051"},{"title":"Neutron number","text":"Neutron number The neutron number, symbol N, is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number: Z+N=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N - Z = A - 2Z. Neutron number is rarely written explicitly in nuclide symbol notation, but appears as a subscript to the right of the element symbol. In order of increasing explicitness and decreasing frequency of usage: Nuclides that have the same neutron number but a different proton number are called isotones. This word","psg_id":"12510656"},{"title":"Hilbert symbol","text":"reciprocity law follows from the Artin reciprocity law and the definition of the Hilbert symbol in terms of the Artin symbol. If \"K\" is a number field containing the \"n\"th roots of unity, \"p\" is a prime ideal not dividing \"n\", π is a prime element of the local field of \"p\", and \"a\" is coprime to \"p\", then the power residue symbol () is related to the Hilbert symbol by The power residue symbol is extended to fractional ideals by multiplicativity, and defined for elements of the number field by putting ()=() where (\"b\") is the principal ideal generated","psg_id":"8254614"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"or an electrophile; similarly \"Nu\" denotes a nucleophile. \"L\" is used to represent a general ligand in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. \"M\" is also often used in place of a general metal. At least two additional, two-letter generic chemical symbols are also in informal usage, \"Ln\" for any lanthanide element and \"An\" for any actinide element. \"Rg\" was formerly used for any rare gas element, but the group of rare gases has now been renamed noble gases and the symbol \"Rg\" has now been assigned to the element roentgenium. Isotopes are distinguished by the atomic mass number (total protons and","psg_id":"69080"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"by symbol, as well as ionization energies of the elements. The nuclides of stable and radioactive elements are also available as a list of nuclides, sorted by length of half-life for those that are unstable. One of the most convenient, and certainly the most traditional presentation of the elements, is in the form of the periodic table, which groups together elements with similar chemical properties (and usually also similar electronic structures). The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom, and defines the element. For example, all carbon atoms contain 6 protons in","psg_id":"69046"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"crew of the \"K-19\" is ordered to maintain silence regarding the incident, and Vostrikov is never given command of a submarine again. All seven men who went into the reactor chamber to effect repairs died of radiation poisoning days after returning home, and twenty other crew members later died from radiation sickness acquired during the incident. It is not until the fall of Communism nearly three decades later that the members of the \"K-19\" crew could openly discuss what happened. Later in 1989, an aged Captain Vostrikov meets Polenin on the anniversary of the day they were rescued. The commanders","psg_id":"538585"},{"title":"Pochhammer k-symbol","text":"formula_16 are defined in the article on generalized Stirling numbers of the first kind and generalized Stirling (convolution) polynomials in. Pochhammer k-symbol In the mathematical theory of special functions, the Pochhammer \"k\"-symbol and the \"k\"-gamma function, introduced by Rafael Díaz and Eddy Pariguan are generalizations of the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function. They differ from the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function in that they can be related to a general arithmetic progression in the same manner as those are related to the sequence of consecutive integers. The Pochhammer \"k\"-symbol (\"x\") is defined as and the \"k\"-gamma function Γ, with \"k\"","psg_id":"10519324"},{"title":"What Does the K Stand For?","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","psg_id":"19980606"},{"title":"Relative atomic mass","text":"Relative atomic mass Relative atomic mass (symbol: \"A\") or atomic weight is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to one unified atomic mass unit. The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: \"u\" or \"Da\") is defined as being of the atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom. Since both values in the ratio are expressed in the same unit (\"u\"), the resulting value is dimensionless; hence the value is said to be \"relative\". For a single given sample, the relative atomic mass of a given element","psg_id":"1692583"},{"title":"Problems in Latin squares","text":"a Latin square of order n. Estimate T(n). Describe how all Latin subsquares in multiplication tables of Moufang loops arise. A partial Latin square has \"Blackburn property\" if whenever the cells (i,j) and (k,l) are occupied by the same symbol, the opposite corners (i,l) and (k,j) are empty. What is the highest achievable density of filled cells in a partial Latin square with the Blackburn property? In particular, is there some constant c > 0 such that we can always fill at least c n cells? Let formula_1 be the number of Latin squares of order n. What is the","psg_id":"10634734"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"Anders Gustaf Ekeberg named the new oxide \"yttria\". Elemental yttrium was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler. The most important use of yttrium is in making phosphors, such as the red ones used in television set cathode ray tube (CRT) displays and in LEDs. Other uses include the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers and superconductors; various medical applications; and as traces in various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known biological role, and exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans. Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number","psg_id":"1402634"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides. While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics, further research into clinical potential continues. Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals. Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals, in that they do not have","psg_id":"1402651"},{"title":"Mercury (element)","text":"fillings in permanent (adult) teeth. Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar","psg_id":"12257674"},{"title":"Mercury (element)","text":"Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide. Mercury","psg_id":"12257618"},{"title":"Neutron number","text":"71, 89, 115, 123, 147, 161, ... are stable to beta decay (see Beta-decay stable isobars). Only two stable nuclides have fewer neutrons than protons: hydrogen-1 and helium-3. Neutron number The neutron number, symbol N, is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number: Z+N=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N - Z = A - 2Z. Neutron number is rarely written explicitly in nuclide symbol notation, but appears as a subscript to the right of the element","psg_id":"12510661"},{"title":"Atomic orbital","text":"therefore, any atom with an atomic number greater than 137 would require its 1s electrons to be traveling faster than the speed of light. Even in the Dirac equation, which accounts for relativistic effects, the wave function of the electron for atoms with is oscillatory and unbounded. The significance of element 137, also known as untriseptium, was first pointed out by the physicist Richard Feynman. Element 137 is sometimes informally called feynmanium (symbol Fy). However, Feynman's approximation fails to predict the exact critical value of due to the non-point-charge nature of the nucleus and very small orbital radius of inner","psg_id":"12690"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"blood cells in the body. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table. Tin is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide, SnO. This silvery, malleable","psg_id":"1402656"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, and other things. Lanthanum carbonate is used as a phosphate binder in cases of renal failure. It is also an element in the 6th period and in the 4th group. Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Hafnium was the penultimate stable isotope element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years","psg_id":"1533318"},{"title":"Hilbert symbol","text":"which is by definition By the first property it even factors over formula_3. This is the first step towards the Milnor conjecture. The Hilbert symbol can also be used to denote the central simple algebra over \"K\" with basis 1,\"i\",\"j\",\"k\" and multiplication rules formula_4, formula_5, formula_6. In this case the algebra represents an element of order 2 in the Brauer group of \"K\", which is identified with -1 if it is a division algebra and +1 if it is isomorphic to the algebra of 2 by 2 matrices. For a place \"v\" of the rational number field and rational numbers","psg_id":"8254609"},{"title":"Period 2 element","text":"fats, and aromatic esters, carotenoids and terpenes. With nitrogen it forms alkaloids, and with the addition of sulfur also it forms antibiotics, amino acids, and rubber products. With the addition of phosphorus to these other elements, it forms DNA and RNA, the chemical-code carriers of life, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the most important energy-transfer molecule in all living cells. Nitrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 7, the symbol N and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. The element","psg_id":"1621232"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"Niobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology: \"Niobe\", daughter of \"Tantalus\". Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the element tantalum, and the two are therefore difficult to distinguish. The English chemistCharles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum in 1801, and named it columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and","psg_id":"1402636"},{"title":"The Element of Surprise","text":"track, \"Ballin' Outta Control\", originally appeared on the 1993 extended play, \"The Mail Man\". Along with a single, a music video was produced for the song \"Hope I Don't Go Back\", featuring Otis & Shug. A second single, \"From the Ground Up\", was also released as a music video, featuring Too Short, K-Ci & JoJo. The album eventually went Gold. In 2013 E-40 ranked what he considers to be his ten best albums, and named \"The Element of Surprise\" as his best album overall. The Element of Surprise The Element of Surprise is the fourth studio album by American rapper","psg_id":"8481855"},{"title":"K","text":"where it is employed, this letter represents the sound (with or without aspiration) or some similar sound. The International Phonetic Alphabet uses for the voiceless velar plosive. K K (named \"kay\" ) is the eleventh letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. In English, the letter K usually represents the voiceless velar plosive. The letter K comes from the Greek letter Κ (kappa), which was taken from the Semitic kaph, the symbol for an open hand. This, in turn, was likely adapted by Semitic tribes who had lived in Egypt from the hieroglyph for \"hand\"","psg_id":"223253"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"element cannot be transformed into other chemical elements by chemical processes. Elements during this time were generally distinguished by their atomic weights, a property measurable with fair accuracy by available analytical techniques. The 1913 discovery by English physicist Henry Moseley that the nuclear charge is the physical basis for an atom's atomic number, further refined when the nature of protons and neutrons became appreciated, eventually led to the current definition of an element based on atomic number (number of protons per atomic nucleus). The use of atomic numbers, rather than atomic weights, to distinguish elements has greater predictive value (since","psg_id":"69096"},{"title":"Effective atomic number","text":"interactions. For instance, lithium, atomic number 3, has two electrons in the 1s shell and one in the 2s shell. Because the two 1s electrons screen the protons to give an effective atomic number for the 2s electron close to 1, we can treat this 2s valence electron with a hydrogenic model. Mathematically, the effective atomic number Z can be calculated using methods known as \"self-consistent field\" calculations, but in simplified situations is just taken as the atomic number minus the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron being considered. An alternative definition of the effective atomic number","psg_id":"6141579"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"deposited later by meteorites which contained the element. This supposedly explains why, in prehistory, gold appeared as nuggets on the earth's surface. Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum ( < Greek \"\" \"water\" and \"\" \"silver\"). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, francium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. With a freezing","psg_id":"1533338"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"K-19: The Widowmaker K-19: The Widowmaker is a 2002 historical submarine film about the first of many disasters that befell the Soviet submarine \"K-19\". \"K-19: The Widowmaker\" was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and stars Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson. The screenplay was adapted by Christopher Kyle, with the story written by Louis Nowra, based on real-life events depicted in a book by Peter Huchthausen. The film is an international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada. In 1961, the Soviet Union launches its first ballistic missile nuclear submarine, the \"K-19\", commanded by Captain Alexei Vostrikov (Harrison","psg_id":"538572"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"living organism. Tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism, and is somewhat toxic to animal life. Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an \"estimated\" average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has the third-highest melting point and highest boiling point of any element. Rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum and copper ore's extraction and refinement. Rhenium","psg_id":"1533324"},{"title":"Pochhammer k-symbol","text":"Additionally, since the denominator convergent functions, formula_11, are expanded exactly through the Laguerre polynomials as above, we can exactly generate the Pochhammer k-symbol as the series coefficients for any prescribed integer formula_27. Special cases of the Pochhammer k-symbol, formula_28, correspond to the following special cases of the falling and rising factorials, including the Pochhammer symbol, and the generalized cases of the multiple factorial functions (multifactorial functions), or the formula_29-factorial functions studied in the last two references by Schmidt: The expansions of these \"k-symbol-related\" products considered termwise with respect to the coefficients of the powers of formula_39 (formula_40) for each finite","psg_id":"10519323"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, United States, the Thunder Bay District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. Recycling is also a source of palladium, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources of palladium result in the metal attracting considerable investment interest. Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (, from the Indo-European root \"*arg-\" for \"grey\" or \"shining\") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal.","psg_id":"1402649"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"price of approximately US$4,575 per kilogram (US$142.30 per troy ounce) as of August 2011; it is also of critical strategic military importance, for its use in high performance military jet and rocket engines. Osmium is a chemical element with the symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, blue-gray or blue-black transition metal in the platinum family and is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of (slightly greater than that of iridium and twice that of lead). It is found in nature as an alloy, mostly in platinum ores; its alloys with platinum, iridium, and","psg_id":"1533326"},{"title":"Atomic clock","text":"Atomic clock An atomic clock is a clock device that uses an electron transition frequency in the microwave, optical, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum of atoms as a frequency standard for its timekeeping element. Atomic clocks are the most accurate time and frequency standards known, and are used as primary standards for international time distribution services, to control the wave frequency of television broadcasts, and in global navigation satellite systems such as GPS. The principle of operation of an atomic clock is based on atomic physics; it uses the microwave signal that electrons in atoms emit when they","psg_id":"14099147"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"University of California, Berkeley in 1940. Three years later, it was found in nature; however, with an estimated amount of less than 28 grams (1 oz) at given time, astatine is the least abundant element in Earth's crust among non-transuranium elements. Among astatine isotopes, six (with mass numbers 214 to 219) are present in nature as the result of decay of heavier elements; however, the most stable astatine-210 and the industrially used astatine-211 are not. Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the","psg_id":"1533350"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"niobium, occurs in the minerals tantalite, columbite and coltan (a mix of columbite and tantalite). Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74. The word \"tungsten\" comes from the Swedish language \"tung sten\" directly translatable to \"heavy stone\", though the name is \"volfram\" in Swedish to distinguish it from Scheelite, in Swedish alternatively named \"tungsten\". A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as a metal in","psg_id":"1533321"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products. The largest application for metallic antimony is as alloying material for lead and tin. It improves the properties of the alloys which are used as in solders, bullets and ball bearings. An emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics. Tellurium is a chemical element that has the symbol Te and atomic number 52. A brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid which looks similar to tin, tellurium is chemically related","psg_id":"1402659"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"heavy metal, lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates both in soft tissues and the bones. Lead poisoning has been documented from ancient Rome, ancient Greece, and ancient China. Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a trivalent other metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally uncombined, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead. It is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when newly made, but often seen in air with a pink tinge owing to the surface","psg_id":"1533344"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"years and is used in medical applications, industrial gauges, and hydrology. Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health risk in case of radioactivity releases. Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with water and carbon dioxide and is","psg_id":"1533310"},{"title":"Soviet submarine K-19","text":"onto a hot filter. The rescue operation lasted more than 40 days and involved over 30 ships. From 15 June through 5 November 1972, \"K-19\" was repaired and put back into service. On 15 November 1972, another fire broke out in compartment 6, but it was put out by the chemical fire-extinguisher system and there were no casualties. On 25 July 1977, \"K-19\" was reclassified in the Large Submarine class, and on 26 July 1979, she was reclassified as a communications submarine and given the symbol KS-19 (КС-19). On 15 August 1982, an electrical short circuit resulted in severe burns","psg_id":"393653"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"whole number. For example, the relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.453 u, which differs greatly from a whole number as it is an average of about 76% chlorine-35 and 24% chlorine-37. Whenever a relative atomic mass value differs by more than 1% from a whole number, it is due to this averaging effect, as significant amounts of more than one isotope are naturally present in a sample of that element. Chemists and nuclear scientists have different definitions of a \"pure element\". In chemistry, a pure element means a substance whose atoms all (or in practice almost all) have the","psg_id":"69055"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"for Red October\" and goes all the way back to \"Run Silent, Run Deep\". The variables are always oxygen, water pressure and the enemy. Can the men breathe, will the sub implode, will depth charges destroy it?\" K-19: The Widowmaker K-19: The Widowmaker is a 2002 historical submarine film about the first of many disasters that befell the Soviet submarine \"K-19\". \"K-19: The Widowmaker\" was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and stars Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson. The screenplay was adapted by Christopher Kyle, with the story written by Louis Nowra, based on real-life events depicted in a book by Peter","psg_id":"538591"},{"title":"Symbol (chemistry)","text":"(namely those in the actinium decay family, the radium decay family, and the thorium decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by Ernest Rutherford. General: From organic chemistry: Exotic atoms: Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of","psg_id":"728904"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"arms overboard out of concern about the possibility of a mutiny; the film instead portrays an actual attempt at mutiny. The \"\"K-19\"\" was portrayed in the film by the \"Juliett\"-class \"K-77\", which was significantly modified for the role. Her Majesty's Canadian Submarine \"Ojibwa\" portrayed the Soviet \"S-270\". portrayed . The Canadian Halifax Shipyard stood in for the Sevmash shipyard of northern Russia. Klaus Badelt wrote the film's late-Romantic-styled score. \"K-19: The Widowmaker\" received mixed reviews with a total of 60% positive reviews on Rotten Tomatoes. It is summarized as being \"A gripping drama even though the filmmakers have taken liberties","psg_id":"538589"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a \"rare earth element\". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. Its only stable isotope, Y, is also its only naturally occurring isotope. In 1787, Carl Axel Arrhenius found a new mineral near Ytterby in Sweden and named it \"ytterbite\", after the village. Johan Gadolin discovered yttrium's oxide in Arrhenius' sample in 1789, and","psg_id":"1402633"},{"title":"Ruthenium","text":"its strontium ruthenate form), and high-temperature ferromagnetism. Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. Russian-born scientist of Baltic-German ancestry Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 at Kazan State University and named it after the Latin name of his homeland, \"Ruthenia\". Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009","psg_id":"345229"},{"title":"Ruthenium","text":"Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. Russian-born scientist of Baltic-German ancestry Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 at Kazan State University and named it after the Latin name of his homeland, \"Ruthenia\". Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009 to some 35.5 tonnes in 2017. Most","psg_id":"345202"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"a massive extraterrestrial object caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species 66 million years ago. It is thought that the total amount of iridium in the planet Earth is much higher than that observed in crustal rocks, but as with other platinum group metals, the high density and tendency of iridium to bond with iron caused most iridium to descend below the crust when the planet was young and still molten. Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78. Its name is derived from the Spanish term \"platina\", which is","psg_id":"1533330"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"enter a cemetery where \"K-19\" survivors have met since the incident. Vostrikov is visibly moved as he greets the men and informs them that he nominated the crewmen who died from radiation poisoning—28 in total—for the Hero of the Soviet Union award, but was told the honor was reserved for combat veterans. Remarking that \"what good are honors from such people,\" referring to the committee that turned down his recommendation, Vostrikov toasts the survivors and the deceased crew who sacrificed their lives to honor their duty to their crewmates. \"The Widowmaker\" nickname was used only in the film. In real","psg_id":"538586"},{"title":"Mass number","text":"The difference between mass number of an atom and its isotopic mass is known as the mass excess. Mass excess should not be confused with mass defect which is the difference between the mass of an atom and its constituent particles (namely protons, neutrons and electrons). There are two reasons for mass defect/excess: The mass number should also not be confused with the standard atomic weight (also called atomic weight) of an element, which is the ratio of the average atomic mass of the different isotopes of that element (weighted by abundance) to the unified atomic mass unit. The atomic","psg_id":"3143519"},{"title":"Group 3 element","text":"1950s called the element 71 cassiopeium. Urbain chose the names \"neoytterbium\" (Latin for \"new ytterbium\") for ytterbium and \"lutecium\" (from Latin Lutetia, for Paris) for the new element. The dispute on the priority of the discovery is documented in two articles in which Urbain and von Welsbach accuse each other of publishing results influenced by the published research of the other. The Commission on Atomic Mass, which was responsible for the attribution of the names for the new elements, settled the dispute in 1909 by granting priority to Urbain and adopting his names as official ones. An obvious problem with","psg_id":"2073035"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"Chemical element A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or \"Z\"). For example, the atomic number of oxygen is 8, so the element oxygen consists of all atoms which have exactly 8 protons. 118 elements have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant","psg_id":"69034"},{"title":"Effective atomic number","text":"possible to obtain a much more accurate single-valued Z by weighting against the spectrum of the source. The effective atomic number for electron interactions may be calculated with a similar approach; see for instance Taylor \"et al.\" 2009 and Taylor 2011. The cross-section based approach for determining Z is obviously much more complicated than the simple power-law approach described above, and this is why freely-available software has been developed for such calculations (Taylor \"et al.\" 2012). Effective atomic number Effective atomic number has two different meanings: one that is the effective nuclear charge of an atom, and one that calculates","psg_id":"6141585"},{"title":"19 (number)","text":"19 (number) 19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. It is a prime number. In English speech, the numbers 19 and 90 are sometimes confused, as they sound very similar. 19 is the 8th prime number. 19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent. 19 is the maximum number of fourth powers needed to sum up to any natural number. It is the fourth value of g(k). 19 is the lowest prime centered triangular number, a centered hexagonal number and a Heegner number. The only non-trivial normal magic hexagon contains 19 hexagons (the other being 1). In","psg_id":"1666290"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"and because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance. Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named","psg_id":"1402646"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"corrosion-resistant tin plating of steel. Because of its low toxicity, tin-plated metal is also used for food packaging, giving the name to tin cans, which are made mostly of steel. Antimony () is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (SbS). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics, metallic antimony was also known but mostly identified as lead. For some time China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds,","psg_id":"1402658"},{"title":"Chemical element","text":"their atomic nucleus; so the atomic number of carbon is 6. Carbon atoms may have different numbers of neutrons; atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes of the element. The number of protons in the atomic nucleus also determines its electric charge, which in turn determines the number of electrons of the atom in its non-ionized state. The electrons are placed into atomic orbitals that determine the atom's various chemical properties. The number of neutrons in a nucleus usually has very little effect on an element's chemical properties (except in the case of","psg_id":"69047"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is the first element in the lanthanide series. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series,","psg_id":"1533315"},{"title":"Period 6 element","text":"period 6 other metals are incredibly toxic, such as thallium. Period 6 contains the last stable element, lead. All subsequent elements in the periodic table are radioactive. After bismuth, which has a half-life or more than 10 years, polonium, astatine, and radon are some of the shortest-lived and rarest elements known; less than a gram of astatine is estimated to exist on earth at any given time. Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes","psg_id":"1533307"},{"title":"What Does the K Stand For?","text":"sitcom\". Writing in \"The Guardian\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \"What Does The K Stand For?\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \"Everybody Hates Chris\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\". However, he added, \"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss","psg_id":"19980607"},{"title":"Period 5 element","text":"and symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature. Naturally occurring technetium occurs as a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or by neutron capture in molybdenum ores. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Many of technetium's properties were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before the element was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name \"ekamanganese\"","psg_id":"1402641"},{"title":"What Does the K Stand For?","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","psg_id":"19980608"},{"title":"Mass number","text":"can be near-integer, but at the same time not corresponding to the mass of any natural isotope. For example, bromine has only two stable isotopes, Br and Br, naturally present in approximately equal fractions, which leads to the standard atomic mass of bromine close to 80 (79.904 g/mol), even though the isotope Br with such mass is unstable. Mass number The mass number (symbol \"A\", from the German word \"Atomgewicht\" (atomic weight), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic","psg_id":"3143521"},{"title":"K-19: The Widowmaker","text":"\"K-19\". Back in the Soviet Union, the government worries about the condition of the \"K-19\" because it has ceased contact with fleet command (due to its disabled long-range communicator) but has been spotted by Soviet spy aircraft in the vicinity of the American destroyer. With the hope that fleet command will send some diesel submarines to tow the \"K-19\" back to port, Vostrikov ceases the mission and orders a heading that would return to port, but at a pace that could kill the entire crew with radiation sickness if rescue is not forthcoming. Shortly thereafter, the repair crews' pipework springs","psg_id":"538579"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"atomic numbers 1 to 118 have been observed. Synthesis of new elements is accomplished by bombarding target atoms of heavy elements with ions, such that the sum of the atomic numbers of the target and ion elements equals the atomic number of the element being created. In general, the half-life becomes shorter as atomic number increases, though an \\\"island of stability\\\" may exist for undiscovered isotopes with certain numbers of protons and neutrons. Atomic number The atomic number or proton number (symbol \\\"Z\\\") of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"Atomic number The atomic number or proton number (symbol \\\"Z\\\") of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons. The sum of the atomic number \\\"Z\\\" and the number of neutrons, \\\"N\\\", gives the mass number \\\"A\\\" of an atom. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number \\\"Z\\\" was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei. The conventional symbol \\\"Z\\\" possibly comes from the German word (atomic number). However, prior to 1915, the word \\\"Zahl\\\" (simply \\\"number\\\") was used for an element's assigned number in the periodic table. Each element has a specific set of chemical properties as a consequence of the number of electrons present in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"tube. The square root of the frequency of these photons increased from one target to the next in an arithmetic progression. This led to the conclusion (Moseley's law) that the atomic number does closely correspond (with an offset of one unit for K-lines, in Moseley's work) to the calculated electric charge of the nucleus, i.e. the element number \\\"Z\\\". Among other things, Moseley demonstrated that the lanthanide series (from lanthanum to lutetium inclusive) must have 15 members—no fewer and no more—which was far from obvious from the chemistry at that time. After Moseley's death in 1915, the atomic numbers of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9425\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"neutral atom, which is \\\"Z\\\" (the atomic number). The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element's electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. Hence, it is the atomic number alone that determines the chemical properties of an element; and it is for this reason that an element can be defined as consisting of \\\"any\\\" mixture of atoms with a given atomic number. The quest for new elements is usually described using atomic numbers. As of 2010, all elements with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"remaining naturally occurring chemical elements were identified and characterized by 1900, including: Elements isolated or produced since 1900 include: The first transuranium element (element with atomic number greater than 92) discovered was neptunium in 1940. Since 1999 claims for the discovery of new elements have been considered by the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party. As of January 2016, all 118 elements have been confirmed as discovered by IUPAC. The discovery of element 112 was acknowledged in 2009, and the name \\\"copernicium\\\" and the atomic symbol \\\"Cn\\\" were suggested for it. The name and symbol were officially endorsed by IUPAC on 19\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mass number\",\n \"text\": \"number of protons in a nucleus, and thus uniquely identifies an element. Hence, the difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons (\\\"N\\\") in a given nucleus: . The mass number is written either after the element name or as a superscript to the left of an element's symbol. For example, the most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12, or , which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The full isotope symbol would also have the atomic number (\\\"Z\\\") as a subscript to the left of the element symbol directly below the mass number:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3143515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 7 element\",\n \"text\": \"elements of the 7th period. Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It was formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is one of the two least electronegative elements, the other being caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. As an alkali metal, it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis. Outside the laboratory, francium is extremely rare, with trace amounts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1621258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"and the mass defect of nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in unified atomic mass units (making a quantity called the \\\"relative isotopic mass\\\"), is within 1% of the whole number \\\"A\\\". Atoms with the same atomic number \\\"Z\\\" but different neutron numbers \\\"N\\\", and hence different atomic masses, are known as isotopes. A little more than three-quarters of naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes (see monoisotopic elements), and the average isotopic mass of an isotopic mixture for an element (called the relative atomic mass)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effective atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"is one quite different from that described above. The atomic number of a material exhibits a strong and fundamental relationship with the nature of radiation interactions within that medium. There are numerous mathematical descriptions of different interaction processes that are dependent on the atomic number, Z. When dealing with composite media (i.e. a bulk material composed of more than one element), one therefore encounters the difficulty of defining Z. An effective atomic number in this context is equivalent to the atomic number but is used for compounds (e.g. water) and mixtures of different materials (such as tissue and bone). This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6141580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"be colored by anodization are particular advantages. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin \\\"Molybdaenum\\\", from Ancient Greek , meaning \\\"lead\\\", itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402639\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"in a defined environment on Earth, determines the element's standard atomic weight. Historically, it was these atomic weights of elements (in comparison to hydrogen) that were the quantities measurable by chemists in the 19th century. The conventional symbol \\\"Z\\\" comes from the German word meaning \\\"number\\\", which, before the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table, whose order is approximately, but not completely, consistent with the order of the elements by atomic weights. Only after 1915, with the suggestion and evidence that this \\\"Z\\\" number was also the nuclear\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"), the single element from which Rutherford made his guess). Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 (but was element on the periodic table), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was \\\"exactly\\\" equal to its place in the periodic table (also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized \\\"Z\\\"). This proved eventually to be the case. The experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913. Moseley, after discussions with Bohr\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9423\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effective atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"Effective atomic number Effective atomic number has two different meanings: one that is the effective nuclear charge of an atom, and one that calculates the average atomic number for a compound or mixture of materials. Both are abbreviated Z. The effective atomic number Z, (sometimes referred to as the effective nuclear charge) of an atom is the number of protons that an electron in the element effectively 'sees' due to screening by inner-shell electrons. It is a measure of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons in the atom. One can view the electrons in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6141575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"hydrogen and deuterium). Thus, all carbon isotopes have nearly identical chemical properties because they all have six protons and six electrons, even though carbon atoms may, for example, have 6 or 8 neutrons. That is why the atomic number, rather than mass number or atomic weight, is considered the identifying characteristic of a chemical element. The symbol for atomic number is \\\"Z\\\". Isotopes are atoms of the same element (that is, with the same number of protons in their atomic nucleus), but having \\\"different\\\" numbers of neutrons. Thus, for example, there are three main isotopes of carbon. All carbon atoms\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uraniumores. Polonium has been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft. As it is unstable, all isotopes of polonium are radioactive. There is disagreement as to whether polonium is a post-transition metal or metalloid. Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Symbol (chemistry)\",\n \"text\": \"the material was known in ancient times, while for others, the name is a more recent invention. For example, \\\"He\\\" is the symbol for helium (New Latin name, not known in ancient Roman times), \\\"Pb\\\" for lead (\\\"plumbum\\\" in Latin), and \\\"Hg\\\" for mercury (\\\"hydrargyrum\\\" in Greek). Some symbols come from other sources, like \\\"W\\\" for tungsten (\\\"Wolfram\\\" in German, not known in Roman times). Temporary symbols assigned to newly or not-yet synthesized elements use 3-letter symbols based on their atomic numbers. For example, \\\"Uno\\\" was the temporary symbol for hassium (element 108) which had the temporary name of \\\"unniloctium\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"728898\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mass number\",\n \"text\": \"Mass number The mass number (symbol \\\"A\\\", from the German word \\\"Atomgewicht\\\" (atomic weight), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic mass of atoms. Because protons and neutrons both are baryons, the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B as of the nucleus as of the whole atom or ion. The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element. This is not the same as the atomic number (\\\"Z\\\") which denotes the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3143514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Standard atomic weight\",\n \"text\": \"publishes \\\"abridged\\\" values (up to five digits per number only), and for the twelve interval values, \\\"conventional\\\" values (single number values). Symbol \\\"A\\\" is a relative atomic mass, for example from a specific sample. To be specific, the standard atomic weight can be noted as , where (E) is the element symbol. The abridged atomic weight, also published by CIAAW, is derived from the standard atomic weight reducing the numbers to five digits (five significant figures). The name does not say 'rounded'. Interval borders are rounded \\\"downwards\\\" for the first (lowmost) border, and \\\"upwards\\\" for the \\\"upward\\\" (upmost) border. This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9972702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"Klaproth named the new element in 1798 after the Latin word for \\\"earth\\\", \\\"tellus\\\". Gold telluride minerals (responsible for the name of Telluride, Colorado) are the most notable natural gold compounds. However, they are not a commercially significant source of tellurium itself, which is normally extracted as by-product of copper and lead production. Tellurium is commercially primarily used in alloys, foremost in steel and copper to improve machinability. Applications in solar panels and as a semiconductor material also consume a considerable fraction of tellurium production. Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"years old, helped bolster the theory that stars can produce heavier elements. Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 and named it after Ruthenia, the Latin word for Rus'. Ruthenium usually occurs as a minor component of platinum ores and its annual production is only about 12 tonnes worldwide. Most ruthenium is used for wear-resistant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Symbol (chemistry)\",\n \"text\": \"(see Chemical elements in East Asian languages). However, Latin symbols are also used, especially in formulas. A list of current, dated, as well as proposed and historical signs and symbols is included here with its signification. Also given is each element's atomic number, atomic weight or the atomic mass of the most stable isotope, group and period numbers on the periodic table, and etymology of the symbol. Hazard pictographs are another type of symbols used in chemistry. Antimatter atoms are denoted by a bar above the symbol for their matter counterpart, so e.g. H is the symbol for antihydrogen. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"728900\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"nuclide\\\") of the element, expressed in atomic mass units (symbol: u). In general, the mass number of a given nuclide differs in value slightly from its atomic mass, since the mass of each proton and neutron is not exactly 1 u; since the electrons contribute a lesser share to the atomic mass as neutron number exceeds proton number; and (finally) because of the nuclear binding energy. For example, the atomic mass of chlorine-35 to five significant digits is 34.969 u and that of chlorine-37 is 36.966 u. However, the atomic mass in u of each isotope is quite close to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"Like the other halogens, free iodine occurs mainly as a diatomic molecule I, and then only momentarily after being oxidized from iodide by an oxidant like free oxygen. In the universe and on Earth, iodine's high atomic number makes it a relatively rare element. However, its presence in ocean water has given it a role in biology (see below). Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the Earth's atmospherein trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402663\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"of a given element are distinguished by their mass numbers, which are conventionally written as a superscript on the left hand side of the atomic symbol (e.g. U). The mass number is always a whole number and has units of \\\"nucleons\\\". For example, magnesium-24 (24 is the mass number) is an atom with 24 nucleons (12 protons and 12 neutrons). Whereas the mass number simply counts the total number of neutrons and protons and is thus a natural (or whole) number, the atomic mass of a single atom is a real number giving the mass of a particular isotope (or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"obvious, led to inconsistency and uncertainty in the periodic numbering of elements at least from lutetium (element 71) onward (hafnium was not known at this time). In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms. This central charge would thus be approximately half the atomic weight (though it was almost 25% different from the atomic number of gold ,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9422\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"the crew what has happened, and his rationale for a subsequent dive to attempt another repair; he is afraid that if the reactor were to overheat, it could set off the actual nuclear warheads carried by the \\\"K-19\\\" and the accident would destroy not just the \\\"K-19\\\" but also the nearby American ship, provoking an American retaliatory attack and possibly inciting nuclear war. Vostrikov then waits for the crew to respond to his recommendation; the crew subsequently responds in the affirmative, and the \\\"K-19\\\" dives. Vostrikov then goes back to the reactor section after hailing Radtchenko and receiving no reply.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Symbol (chemistry)\",\n \"text\": \"Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of March 2017, no discovered elements have such a name), and are written with the first letter capitalized. Earlier chemical element symbols stem from classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because\",\n \"psg_id\": \"728897\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pochhammer k-symbol\",\n \"text\": \"Pariguan use these definitions to demonstrate a number of properties of the hypergeometric function. Although Díaz and Pariguan restrict these symbols to \\\"k\\\" > 0, the Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbol as they define it is well-defined for all real \\\"k,\\\" and for negative \\\"k\\\" gives the falling factorial, while for \\\"k\\\" = 0 it reduces to the power \\\"x\\\". The Díaz and Pariguan paper does not address the many analogies between the Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbol and the power function, such as the fact that the binomial theorem can be extended to Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbols. It is true, however, that many equations involving the power\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10519320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"with the facts.\\\" When \\\"K-19: The Widowmaker\\\" was premiered in Russia in October 2002, fifty-two veterans of the \\\"K-19\\\" submarine accepted flights to the Saint Petersburg premiere; despite what they saw as technical as well as historical compromises, they praised the film and, in particular, the performance of Harrison Ford. In his review, film critic Roger Ebert compared \\\"K-19: The Widowmaker\\\" to other classic films of the genre, \\\"Movies involving submarines have the logic of chess: The longer the game goes, the fewer the possible remaining moves. 'K-19: The Widowmaker' joins a tradition that includes \\\"Das Boot\\\" and \\\"The Hunt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538590\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy\",\n \"text\": \"Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), also referred to as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), is an analytical technique used for the detection of chemical elements. It is a type of emission spectroscopy that uses the inductively coupled plasma to produce excited atoms and ions that emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths characteristic of a particular element. It is a flame technique with a flame temperature in a range from 6000 to 10000 K. The intensity of this emission is indicative of the concentration of the element within the sample. The ICP-AES\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6690982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic emission spectroscopy\",\n \"text\": \"Atomic emission spectroscopy Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line gives the identity of the element while the intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the number of atoms of the element A sample of a material (analyte) is brought into the flame as a gas, sprayed solution, or directly inserted into the flame by use of a small loop of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12502214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pochhammer k-symbol\",\n \"text\": \"Pochhammer k-symbol In the mathematical theory of special functions, the Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbol and the \\\"k\\\"-gamma function, introduced by Rafael Díaz and Eddy Pariguan are generalizations of the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function. They differ from the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function in that they can be related to a general arithmetic progression in the same manner as those are related to the sequence of consecutive integers. The Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbol (\\\"x\\\") is defined as and the \\\"k\\\"-gamma function Γ, with \\\"k\\\" > 0, is defined as When \\\"k\\\" = 1 the standard Pochhammer symbol and gamma function are obtained. Díaz and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10519319\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"isotopes: specifically the elements without any stable isotopes are technetium (atomic number 43), promethium (atomic number 61), and all observed elements with atomic numbers greater than 82. Of the 80 elements with at least one stable isotope, 26 have only one single stable isotope. The mean number of stable isotopes for the 80 stable elements is 3.1 stable isotopes per element. The largest number of stable isotopes that occur for a single element is 10 (for tin, element 50). The mass number of an element, \\\"A\\\", is the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atomic nucleus. Different isotopes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neutron number\",\n \"text\": \"Neutron number The neutron number, symbol N, is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number: Z+N=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N - Z = A - 2Z. Neutron number is rarely written explicitly in nuclide symbol notation, but appears as a subscript to the right of the element symbol. In order of increasing explicitness and decreasing frequency of usage: Nuclides that have the same neutron number but a different proton number are called isotones. This word\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12510656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hilbert symbol\",\n \"text\": \"reciprocity law follows from the Artin reciprocity law and the definition of the Hilbert symbol in terms of the Artin symbol. If \\\"K\\\" is a number field containing the \\\"n\\\"th roots of unity, \\\"p\\\" is a prime ideal not dividing \\\"n\\\", π is a prime element of the local field of \\\"p\\\", and \\\"a\\\" is coprime to \\\"p\\\", then the power residue symbol () is related to the Hilbert symbol by The power residue symbol is extended to fractional ideals by multiplicativity, and defined for elements of the number field by putting ()=() where (\\\"b\\\") is the principal ideal generated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8254614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"or an electrophile; similarly \\\"Nu\\\" denotes a nucleophile. \\\"L\\\" is used to represent a general ligand in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. \\\"M\\\" is also often used in place of a general metal. At least two additional, two-letter generic chemical symbols are also in informal usage, \\\"Ln\\\" for any lanthanide element and \\\"An\\\" for any actinide element. \\\"Rg\\\" was formerly used for any rare gas element, but the group of rare gases has now been renamed noble gases and the symbol \\\"Rg\\\" has now been assigned to the element roentgenium. Isotopes are distinguished by the atomic mass number (total protons and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"by symbol, as well as ionization energies of the elements. The nuclides of stable and radioactive elements are also available as a list of nuclides, sorted by length of half-life for those that are unstable. One of the most convenient, and certainly the most traditional presentation of the elements, is in the form of the periodic table, which groups together elements with similar chemical properties (and usually also similar electronic structures). The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom, and defines the element. For example, all carbon atoms contain 6 protons in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"crew of the \\\"K-19\\\" is ordered to maintain silence regarding the incident, and Vostrikov is never given command of a submarine again. All seven men who went into the reactor chamber to effect repairs died of radiation poisoning days after returning home, and twenty other crew members later died from radiation sickness acquired during the incident. It is not until the fall of Communism nearly three decades later that the members of the \\\"K-19\\\" crew could openly discuss what happened. Later in 1989, an aged Captain Vostrikov meets Polenin on the anniversary of the day they were rescued. The commanders\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pochhammer k-symbol\",\n \"text\": \"formula_16 are defined in the article on generalized Stirling numbers of the first kind and generalized Stirling (convolution) polynomials in. Pochhammer k-symbol In the mathematical theory of special functions, the Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbol and the \\\"k\\\"-gamma function, introduced by Rafael Díaz and Eddy Pariguan are generalizations of the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function. They differ from the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function in that they can be related to a general arithmetic progression in the same manner as those are related to the sequence of consecutive integers. The Pochhammer \\\"k\\\"-symbol (\\\"x\\\") is defined as and the \\\"k\\\"-gamma function Γ, with \\\"k\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10519324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Relative atomic mass\",\n \"text\": \"Relative atomic mass Relative atomic mass (symbol: \\\"A\\\") or atomic weight is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to one unified atomic mass unit. The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: \\\"u\\\" or \\\"Da\\\") is defined as being of the atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom. Since both values in the ratio are expressed in the same unit (\\\"u\\\"), the resulting value is dimensionless; hence the value is said to be \\\"relative\\\". For a single given sample, the relative atomic mass of a given element\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1692583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Problems in Latin squares\",\n \"text\": \"a Latin square of order n. Estimate T(n). Describe how all Latin subsquares in multiplication tables of Moufang loops arise. A partial Latin square has \\\"Blackburn property\\\" if whenever the cells (i,j) and (k,l) are occupied by the same symbol, the opposite corners (i,l) and (k,j) are empty. What is the highest achievable density of filled cells in a partial Latin square with the Blackburn property? In particular, is there some constant c > 0 such that we can always fill at least c n cells? Let formula_1 be the number of Latin squares of order n. What is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10634734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"Anders Gustaf Ekeberg named the new oxide \\\"yttria\\\". Elemental yttrium was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler. The most important use of yttrium is in making phosphors, such as the red ones used in television set cathode ray tube (CRT) displays and in LEDs. Other uses include the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers and superconductors; various medical applications; and as traces in various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known biological role, and exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans. Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402634\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides. While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics, further research into clinical potential continues. Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals. Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals, in that they do not have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mercury (element)\",\n \"text\": \"fillings in permanent (adult) teeth. Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12257674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mercury (element)\",\n \"text\": \"Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide. Mercury\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12257618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neutron number\",\n \"text\": \"71, 89, 115, 123, 147, 161, ... are stable to beta decay (see Beta-decay stable isobars). Only two stable nuclides have fewer neutrons than protons: hydrogen-1 and helium-3. Neutron number The neutron number, symbol N, is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number: Z+N=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N - Z = A - 2Z. Neutron number is rarely written explicitly in nuclide symbol notation, but appears as a subscript to the right of the element\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12510661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic orbital\",\n \"text\": \"therefore, any atom with an atomic number greater than 137 would require its 1s electrons to be traveling faster than the speed of light. Even in the Dirac equation, which accounts for relativistic effects, the wave function of the electron for atoms with is oscillatory and unbounded. The significance of element 137, also known as untriseptium, was first pointed out by the physicist Richard Feynman. Element 137 is sometimes informally called feynmanium (symbol Fy). However, Feynman's approximation fails to predict the exact critical value of due to the non-point-charge nature of the nucleus and very small orbital radius of inner\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12690\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"blood cells in the body. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table. Tin is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide, SnO. This silvery, malleable\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, and other things. Lanthanum carbonate is used as a phosphate binder in cases of renal failure. It is also an element in the 6th period and in the 4th group. Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Hafnium was the penultimate stable isotope element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hilbert symbol\",\n \"text\": \"which is by definition By the first property it even factors over formula_3. This is the first step towards the Milnor conjecture. The Hilbert symbol can also be used to denote the central simple algebra over \\\"K\\\" with basis 1,\\\"i\\\",\\\"j\\\",\\\"k\\\" and multiplication rules formula_4, formula_5, formula_6. In this case the algebra represents an element of order 2 in the Brauer group of \\\"K\\\", which is identified with -1 if it is a division algebra and +1 if it is isomorphic to the algebra of 2 by 2 matrices. For a place \\\"v\\\" of the rational number field and rational numbers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8254609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 2 element\",\n \"text\": \"fats, and aromatic esters, carotenoids and terpenes. With nitrogen it forms alkaloids, and with the addition of sulfur also it forms antibiotics, amino acids, and rubber products. With the addition of phosphorus to these other elements, it forms DNA and RNA, the chemical-code carriers of life, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the most important energy-transfer molecule in all living cells. Nitrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 7, the symbol N and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. The element\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1621232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"Niobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology: \\\"Niobe\\\", daughter of \\\"Tantalus\\\". Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the element tantalum, and the two are therefore difficult to distinguish. The English chemistCharles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum in 1801, and named it columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Element of Surprise\",\n \"text\": \"track, \\\"Ballin' Outta Control\\\", originally appeared on the 1993 extended play, \\\"The Mail Man\\\". Along with a single, a music video was produced for the song \\\"Hope I Don't Go Back\\\", featuring Otis & Shug. A second single, \\\"From the Ground Up\\\", was also released as a music video, featuring Too Short, K-Ci & JoJo. The album eventually went Gold. In 2013 E-40 ranked what he considers to be his ten best albums, and named \\\"The Element of Surprise\\\" as his best album overall. The Element of Surprise The Element of Surprise is the fourth studio album by American rapper\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8481855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K\",\n \"text\": \"where it is employed, this letter represents the sound (with or without aspiration) or some similar sound. The International Phonetic Alphabet uses for the voiceless velar plosive. K K (named \\\"kay\\\" ) is the eleventh letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. In English, the letter K usually represents the voiceless velar plosive. The letter K comes from the Greek letter Κ (kappa), which was taken from the Semitic kaph, the symbol for an open hand. This, in turn, was likely adapted by Semitic tribes who had lived in Egypt from the hieroglyph for \\\"hand\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"223253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"element cannot be transformed into other chemical elements by chemical processes. Elements during this time were generally distinguished by their atomic weights, a property measurable with fair accuracy by available analytical techniques. The 1913 discovery by English physicist Henry Moseley that the nuclear charge is the physical basis for an atom's atomic number, further refined when the nature of protons and neutrons became appreciated, eventually led to the current definition of an element based on atomic number (number of protons per atomic nucleus). The use of atomic numbers, rather than atomic weights, to distinguish elements has greater predictive value (since\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effective atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"interactions. For instance, lithium, atomic number 3, has two electrons in the 1s shell and one in the 2s shell. Because the two 1s electrons screen the protons to give an effective atomic number for the 2s electron close to 1, we can treat this 2s valence electron with a hydrogenic model. Mathematically, the effective atomic number Z can be calculated using methods known as \\\"self-consistent field\\\" calculations, but in simplified situations is just taken as the atomic number minus the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron being considered. An alternative definition of the effective atomic number\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6141579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"deposited later by meteorites which contained the element. This supposedly explains why, in prehistory, gold appeared as nuggets on the earth's surface. Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum ( < Greek \\\"\\\" \\\"water\\\" and \\\"\\\" \\\"silver\\\"). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, francium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. With a freezing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker K-19: The Widowmaker is a 2002 historical submarine film about the first of many disasters that befell the Soviet submarine \\\"K-19\\\". \\\"K-19: The Widowmaker\\\" was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and stars Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson. The screenplay was adapted by Christopher Kyle, with the story written by Louis Nowra, based on real-life events depicted in a book by Peter Huchthausen. The film is an international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada. In 1961, the Soviet Union launches its first ballistic missile nuclear submarine, the \\\"K-19\\\", commanded by Captain Alexei Vostrikov (Harrison\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"living organism. Tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism, and is somewhat toxic to animal life. Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an \\\"estimated\\\" average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has the third-highest melting point and highest boiling point of any element. Rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum and copper ore's extraction and refinement. Rhenium\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pochhammer k-symbol\",\n \"text\": \"Additionally, since the denominator convergent functions, formula_11, are expanded exactly through the Laguerre polynomials as above, we can exactly generate the Pochhammer k-symbol as the series coefficients for any prescribed integer formula_27. Special cases of the Pochhammer k-symbol, formula_28, correspond to the following special cases of the falling and rising factorials, including the Pochhammer symbol, and the generalized cases of the multiple factorial functions (multifactorial functions), or the formula_29-factorial functions studied in the last two references by Schmidt: The expansions of these \\\"k-symbol-related\\\" products considered termwise with respect to the coefficients of the powers of formula_39 (formula_40) for each finite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10519323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, United States, the Thunder Bay District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. Recycling is also a source of palladium, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources of palladium result in the metal attracting considerable investment interest. Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (, from the Indo-European root \\\"*arg-\\\" for \\\"grey\\\" or \\\"shining\\\") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"price of approximately US$4,575 per kilogram (US$142.30 per troy ounce) as of August 2011; it is also of critical strategic military importance, for its use in high performance military jet and rocket engines. Osmium is a chemical element with the symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, blue-gray or blue-black transition metal in the platinum family and is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of (slightly greater than that of iridium and twice that of lead). It is found in nature as an alloy, mostly in platinum ores; its alloys with platinum, iridium, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533326\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atomic clock\",\n \"text\": \"Atomic clock An atomic clock is a clock device that uses an electron transition frequency in the microwave, optical, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum of atoms as a frequency standard for its timekeeping element. Atomic clocks are the most accurate time and frequency standards known, and are used as primary standards for international time distribution services, to control the wave frequency of television broadcasts, and in global navigation satellite systems such as GPS. The principle of operation of an atomic clock is based on atomic physics; it uses the microwave signal that electrons in atoms emit when they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14099147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"University of California, Berkeley in 1940. Three years later, it was found in nature; however, with an estimated amount of less than 28 grams (1 oz) at given time, astatine is the least abundant element in Earth's crust among non-transuranium elements. Among astatine isotopes, six (with mass numbers 214 to 219) are present in nature as the result of decay of heavier elements; however, the most stable astatine-210 and the industrially used astatine-211 are not. Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"niobium, occurs in the minerals tantalite, columbite and coltan (a mix of columbite and tantalite). Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74. The word \\\"tungsten\\\" comes from the Swedish language \\\"tung sten\\\" directly translatable to \\\"heavy stone\\\", though the name is \\\"volfram\\\" in Swedish to distinguish it from Scheelite, in Swedish alternatively named \\\"tungsten\\\". A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as a metal in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products. The largest application for metallic antimony is as alloying material for lead and tin. It improves the properties of the alloys which are used as in solders, bullets and ball bearings. An emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics. Tellurium is a chemical element that has the symbol Te and atomic number 52. A brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid which looks similar to tin, tellurium is chemically related\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"heavy metal, lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates both in soft tissues and the bones. Lead poisoning has been documented from ancient Rome, ancient Greece, and ancient China. Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a trivalent other metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally uncombined, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead. It is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when newly made, but often seen in air with a pink tinge owing to the surface\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"years and is used in medical applications, industrial gauges, and hydrology. Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health risk in case of radioactivity releases. Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with water and carbon dioxide and is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet submarine K-19\",\n \"text\": \"onto a hot filter. The rescue operation lasted more than 40 days and involved over 30 ships. From 15 June through 5 November 1972, \\\"K-19\\\" was repaired and put back into service. On 15 November 1972, another fire broke out in compartment 6, but it was put out by the chemical fire-extinguisher system and there were no casualties. On 25 July 1977, \\\"K-19\\\" was reclassified in the Large Submarine class, and on 26 July 1979, she was reclassified as a communications submarine and given the symbol KS-19 (КС-19). On 15 August 1982, an electrical short circuit resulted in severe burns\",\n \"psg_id\": \"393653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"whole number. For example, the relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.453 u, which differs greatly from a whole number as it is an average of about 76% chlorine-35 and 24% chlorine-37. Whenever a relative atomic mass value differs by more than 1% from a whole number, it is due to this averaging effect, as significant amounts of more than one isotope are naturally present in a sample of that element. Chemists and nuclear scientists have different definitions of a \\\"pure element\\\". In chemistry, a pure element means a substance whose atoms all (or in practice almost all) have the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69055\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"for Red October\\\" and goes all the way back to \\\"Run Silent, Run Deep\\\". The variables are always oxygen, water pressure and the enemy. Can the men breathe, will the sub implode, will depth charges destroy it?\\\" K-19: The Widowmaker K-19: The Widowmaker is a 2002 historical submarine film about the first of many disasters that befell the Soviet submarine \\\"K-19\\\". \\\"K-19: The Widowmaker\\\" was directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and stars Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson. The screenplay was adapted by Christopher Kyle, with the story written by Louis Nowra, based on real-life events depicted in a book by Peter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Symbol (chemistry)\",\n \"text\": \"(namely those in the actinium decay family, the radium decay family, and the thorium decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by Ernest Rutherford. General: From organic chemistry: Exotic atoms: Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"728904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"arms overboard out of concern about the possibility of a mutiny; the film instead portrays an actual attempt at mutiny. The \\\"\\\"K-19\\\"\\\" was portrayed in the film by the \\\"Juliett\\\"-class \\\"K-77\\\", which was significantly modified for the role. Her Majesty's Canadian Submarine \\\"Ojibwa\\\" portrayed the Soviet \\\"S-270\\\". portrayed . The Canadian Halifax Shipyard stood in for the Sevmash shipyard of northern Russia. Klaus Badelt wrote the film's late-Romantic-styled score. \\\"K-19: The Widowmaker\\\" received mixed reviews with a total of 60% positive reviews on Rotten Tomatoes. It is summarized as being \\\"A gripping drama even though the filmmakers have taken liberties\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a \\\"rare earth element\\\". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. Its only stable isotope, Y, is also its only naturally occurring isotope. In 1787, Carl Axel Arrhenius found a new mineral near Ytterby in Sweden and named it \\\"ytterbite\\\", after the village. Johan Gadolin discovered yttrium's oxide in Arrhenius' sample in 1789, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ruthenium\",\n \"text\": \"its strontium ruthenate form), and high-temperature ferromagnetism. Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. Russian-born scientist of Baltic-German ancestry Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 at Kazan State University and named it after the Latin name of his homeland, \\\"Ruthenia\\\". Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009\",\n \"psg_id\": \"345229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ruthenium\",\n \"text\": \"Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. Russian-born scientist of Baltic-German ancestry Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 at Kazan State University and named it after the Latin name of his homeland, \\\"Ruthenia\\\". Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009 to some 35.5 tonnes in 2017. Most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"345202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"a massive extraterrestrial object caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species 66 million years ago. It is thought that the total amount of iridium in the planet Earth is much higher than that observed in crustal rocks, but as with other platinum group metals, the high density and tendency of iridium to bond with iron caused most iridium to descend below the crust when the planet was young and still molten. Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78. Its name is derived from the Spanish term \\\"platina\\\", which is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"enter a cemetery where \\\"K-19\\\" survivors have met since the incident. Vostrikov is visibly moved as he greets the men and informs them that he nominated the crewmen who died from radiation poisoning—28 in total—for the Hero of the Soviet Union award, but was told the honor was reserved for combat veterans. Remarking that \\\"what good are honors from such people,\\\" referring to the committee that turned down his recommendation, Vostrikov toasts the survivors and the deceased crew who sacrificed their lives to honor their duty to their crewmates. \\\"The Widowmaker\\\" nickname was used only in the film. In real\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mass number\",\n \"text\": \"The difference between mass number of an atom and its isotopic mass is known as the mass excess. Mass excess should not be confused with mass defect which is the difference between the mass of an atom and its constituent particles (namely protons, neutrons and electrons). There are two reasons for mass defect/excess: The mass number should also not be confused with the standard atomic weight (also called atomic weight) of an element, which is the ratio of the average atomic mass of the different isotopes of that element (weighted by abundance) to the unified atomic mass unit. The atomic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3143519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Group 3 element\",\n \"text\": \"1950s called the element 71 cassiopeium. Urbain chose the names \\\"neoytterbium\\\" (Latin for \\\"new ytterbium\\\") for ytterbium and \\\"lutecium\\\" (from Latin Lutetia, for Paris) for the new element. The dispute on the priority of the discovery is documented in two articles in which Urbain and von Welsbach accuse each other of publishing results influenced by the published research of the other. The Commission on Atomic Mass, which was responsible for the attribution of the names for the new elements, settled the dispute in 1909 by granting priority to Urbain and adopting his names as official ones. An obvious problem with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2073035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"Chemical element A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or \\\"Z\\\"). For example, the atomic number of oxygen is 8, so the element oxygen consists of all atoms which have exactly 8 protons. 118 elements have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Effective atomic number\",\n \"text\": \"possible to obtain a much more accurate single-valued Z by weighting against the spectrum of the source. The effective atomic number for electron interactions may be calculated with a similar approach; see for instance Taylor \\\"et al.\\\" 2009 and Taylor 2011. The cross-section based approach for determining Z is obviously much more complicated than the simple power-law approach described above, and this is why freely-available software has been developed for such calculations (Taylor \\\"et al.\\\" 2012). Effective atomic number Effective atomic number has two different meanings: one that is the effective nuclear charge of an atom, and one that calculates\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6141585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"19 (number)\",\n \"text\": \"19 (number) 19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. It is a prime number. In English speech, the numbers 19 and 90 are sometimes confused, as they sound very similar. 19 is the 8th prime number. 19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent. 19 is the maximum number of fourth powers needed to sum up to any natural number. It is the fourth value of g(k). 19 is the lowest prime centered triangular number, a centered hexagonal number and a Heegner number. The only non-trivial normal magic hexagon contains 19 hexagons (the other being 1). In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1666290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"and because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance. Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"corrosion-resistant tin plating of steel. Because of its low toxicity, tin-plated metal is also used for food packaging, giving the name to tin cans, which are made mostly of steel. Antimony () is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (SbS). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics, metallic antimony was also known but mostly identified as lead. For some time China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chemical element\",\n \"text\": \"their atomic nucleus; so the atomic number of carbon is 6. Carbon atoms may have different numbers of neutrons; atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes of the element. The number of protons in the atomic nucleus also determines its electric charge, which in turn determines the number of electrons of the atom in its non-ionized state. The electrons are placed into atomic orbitals that determine the atom's various chemical properties. The number of neutrons in a nucleus usually has very little effect on an element's chemical properties (except in the case of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"69047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is the first element in the lanthanide series. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 6 element\",\n \"text\": \"period 6 other metals are incredibly toxic, such as thallium. Period 6 contains the last stable element, lead. All subsequent elements in the periodic table are radioactive. After bismuth, which has a half-life or more than 10 years, polonium, astatine, and radon are some of the shortest-lived and rarest elements known; less than a gram of astatine is estimated to exist on earth at any given time. Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\",\n \"text\": \"sitcom\\\". Writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \\\"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \\\"What Does The K Stand For?\\\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \\\"Everybody Hates Chris\\\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\\\". However, he added, \\\"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19980607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Period 5 element\",\n \"text\": \"and symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature. Naturally occurring technetium occurs as a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or by neutron capture in molybdenum ores. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Many of technetium's properties were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before the element was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name \\\"ekamanganese\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1402641\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mass number\",\n \"text\": \"can be near-integer, but at the same time not corresponding to the mass of any natural isotope. For example, bromine has only two stable isotopes, Br and Br, naturally present in approximately equal fractions, which leads to the standard atomic mass of bromine close to 80 (79.904 g/mol), even though the isotope Br with such mass is unstable. Mass number The mass number (symbol \\\"A\\\", from the German word \\\"Atomgewicht\\\" (atomic weight), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3143521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"K-19: The Widowmaker\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"K-19\\\". Back in the Soviet Union, the government worries about the condition of the \\\"K-19\\\" because it has ceased contact with fleet command (due to its disabled long-range communicator) but has been spotted by Soviet spy aircraft in the vicinity of the American destroyer. With the hope that fleet command will send some diesel submarines to tow the \\\"K-19\\\" back to port, Vostrikov ceases the mission and orders a heading that would return to port, but at a pace that could kill the entire crew with radiation sickness if rescue is not forthcoming. Shortly thereafter, the repair crews' pipework springs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"538579\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["k (element)","potassium compounds","potassium metal","potasium","koal","potassium","k(+)","potassium ion","element 19","potassium metabolism","kalium","potassium in nutrition and human health"],"string":"[\n \"k (element)\",\n \"potassium compounds\",\n \"potassium metal\",\n \"potasium\",\n \"koal\",\n \"potassium\",\n \"k(+)\",\n \"potassium ion\",\n \"element 19\",\n \"potassium metabolism\",\n \"kalium\",\n \"potassium in nutrition and human health\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78293,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which legendary royal figure, the son of uther pendragon, was ably assisted by the wizard merlin and rode a horse named llamrei?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"Uther Pendragon Uther Pendragon (; ), also known as King Uther, is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"), and Geoffrey's account of the character was used in most later versions. He is a fairly ambiguous individual throughout the literature, but is described as a strong king and a defender of the people. According to Arthurian Legend, Merlin magically disguises Uther to","psg_id":"1273342"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"Uther Pendragon Uther Pendragon (; ), also known as King Uther, is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\" (\\\"History of the Kings of Britain\\\"), and Geoffrey's account of the character was used in most later versions. He is a fairly ambiguous individual throughout the literature, but is described as a strong king and a defender of the people. According to Arthurian Legend, Merlin magically disguises Uther to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273342\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"Verulamium. Uther's family is based on some historical figures; Constantine on the historical Constantine III, a usurper claimant to the Roman throne from 407–411, and Constans on his son. Aurelius Ambrosius is Ambrosius Aurelianus, mentioned by Gildas, though his connection to Constantine and Constans is unrecorded. In Robert de Boron's \"Merlin\" Uther Pendragon kills Hengist after an assassination attempt by the Saxon leader and Merlin creates the Round Table for him. In the \"Prose Lancelot\" Uther Pendragon claims to have been born in Bourges. He takes an army to Brittany to fight against King Claudas of Bourges, a situation resembling","psg_id":"1273352"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"from there to Britain. Later, while Aurelius is ill, Uther leads his army against Vortigern's son Paschent and his Saxon allies. On the way to the battle, he sees a comet in the shape of a dragon, which Merlin interprets as presaging Aurelius's death and Uther's glorious future. Uther wins the battle and takes the epithet \"Pendragon\", and returns to find that Aurelius has been poisoned by an assassin. He becomes king and orders the construction of two gold dragons, one of which he uses as his standard. He secures Britain's frontiers and quells Saxon uprisings with the aids of","psg_id":"1273349"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"memorialized with \"The Death-song of Uther Pen\" from the \"Book of Taliesin\". The latter includes a reference to Arthur, so the marginal addition of \"dragon\" to Uther's name is probably justified. \"The Colloquy of Arthur and the Eagle,\" a poem contemporary with but independent of Geoffrey, mentions another son of Uther named Madoc, the father of Arthur's nephew Eliwlod. In Triad 28, Uthyr is named the creator of one of the Three Great Enchantments of the Island of Britain, which he taught to the wizard Menw. Since Menw is a shapeshifter according to \"Culhwch and Olwen\", it might be that","psg_id":"1273346"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"Uther was one as well. If this is so, it opens up the possibility that Geoffrey of Monmouth's narrative about Uther impregnating Igerna with Merlin's help (see below) was taken from a Welsh legend where Uthyr changed his own shape, Merlin possibly being added to the story by Geoffrey. Uthyr's other reference, Triad 51, however, shows influence from Geoffrey's \"Historia\". It follows Geoffrey's description of Uther as son of Constantine III, now called \"Custennin the Blessed\", and brother of both Aurelius Ambrosius (\"Emrys Wledig\") and Constans II (\"Custennin the Younger\"). Uther is best known from Geoffrey's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (1136)","psg_id":"1273347"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"where he is the youngest son of King of Britannia, Constantine III. His eldest brother Constans succeeds to the throne on their father's death, but is murdered at the instigation of his adviser Vortigern, who seizes the throne. Uther and his other brother, Aurelius Ambrosius, still children, flee to Brittany. Vortigern makes an alliance with the Saxons under Hengist, but it goes disastrously wrong. Aurelius and Uther return, now adults. Aurelius burns Vortigern in his castle and becomes king. With Aurelius on the throne, Uther leads his brother in arms to Ireland to help Merlin bring the stones of Stonehenge","psg_id":"1273348"},{"title":"Pendragon","text":"is given the surname \"Pendragon\", which is explained by the author Geoffrey of Monmouth as literally meaning \"dragon's head\". In the prose version of Robert de Boron's \"Merlin\", the name of Uther's elder brother Ambrosius is given as \"Pendragon\", while Uter (Uther) changes his name after his brother's death to \"Uterpendragon\". The use of \"Pendragon\" to refer to Arthur, rather than to Uther or his brother, is of much more recent vintage. In literature, one of its earliest uses to refer to Arthur is in Alfred Tennyson's poem \"Lancelot and Elaine\", where, however, it appears as Arthur's title rather than","psg_id":"1773964"},{"title":"The Enchanted World","text":"Uther Pendragon sees Igraine, the beautiful wife of Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall. He desires her and asks for help from the Wizard, Prophet and Enchanter Merlin. Merlin promises to do this in exchange for any child that may be conceived from the union. Merlin enchants Uther to look like Gorlois and Uther has his way with Igraine. Nine months later, Arthur is born and taken away by Merlin. He is raised in secret in Wales until the age of fifteen. During a tournament in London, Arthur, acting as a squire, while searching for a sword for the knight he","psg_id":"5500905"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"his retainers, one of whom is Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall. At a banquet celebrating their victories, Uther becomes obsessively enamoured of Gorlois' wife Igerna (Igraine), and a war ensues between Uther and his vassal. Gorlois sends Igerna to the impregnable castle of Tintagel for protection while he himself is besieged by Uther in another town. Uther consults with Merlin who uses his magic to transform the king into the likeness of Gorlois and thus gain access to Igerna at Tintagel. He spends the night with her and they conceive Arthur, but the next morning it is discovered that Gorlois had","psg_id":"1273350"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"been killed. Uther marries Igerna and they have a daughter called Anna (in later romances she is called Morgause and is usually Igerna's daughter by her previous marriage). Morgause later marries King Lot and becomes the mother of Gawain and Mordred. Uther later falls ill and the wars begin to go badly against the Saxons. He insists on leading his army himself, propped up on his horse. He defeats Hengist's son Octa at Verulamium (St Albans), despite the Saxons calling him the \"Half-Dead King\". However, the Saxons soon contrive his death by poisoning a spring which he drinks from near","psg_id":"1273351"},{"title":"Merlin (poem)","text":"council of demons plotting to create the future Merlin as their agent on Earth to undo the work of Christ, but their plan is foiled and the mother names the child Merlin after her father. It continues with the story of the usurper king Vortiger (Vortigern) and his tower, featuring the seven-year-old Merlin with amazing prophetic powers. Following Vortiger's death, which Merlin also predicted, he assists the new king Pendragon and his brother Uter (Uther Pendragon, soon himself the king as Uterpendragon after the death of the original Pendragon at Salisbury) in their bloody war against Saxon invaders, later erecting","psg_id":"13869990"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"epithet \"Pendragon\" (composed of Welsh \"pen\", \"head, chief, top\" and \"dragon\", \"dragon; warrior\"; borrowed from the Latin word \"dracō\", plural \"dracōnēs\", \"dragon[s]\") literally means \"Chief-Dragon\" or \"Head-Dragon\", but in a figurative sense, \"chief leader\", \"chief of warriors\", \"commander-in-chief\", \"generalissimo\", or \"chief governor\". The name was misinterpreted by Geoffrey of Monmouth in \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" to mean \"dragon's head\". According to Geoffrey and works based on his version, Uther acquired the epithet when he witnessed a portentous dragon-shaped comet, which inspired him to use dragons on his standards. According to Robert de Boron and the cycles based on his work, it","psg_id":"1273344"},{"title":"King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table","text":"Morte d'Arthur, was a loose collection of separate stories. Green attempted to relate each legend so that the entire story would have a beginning, middle and end. Green used many sources in addition to Malory. After Uther Pendragon's death, Merlin the magician forms a stone and in it a sword. After many years, the young Arthur, secretly the son of Uther Pendragon, pulls the sword out of the stone and becomes King. Together with Merlin, he constructs a round table, at which only the best knights of England may sit. More and more knights come to join the brotherhood of","psg_id":"13549631"},{"title":"Merlin (miniseries)","text":"out fatally injuring Ambrosia. Merlin tries to attack Mab but can't defeat her; she dismisses the deaths of his mother and Ambrosia as \"casualties of war\" and vows that Merlin will help her in her quest for power. Merlin makes a blood-oath never to use magic. Many years pass. Merlin is brought before the tyrant King Vortigern, who is having problems constructing his castle. Merlin tells the king his vision: a red dragon representing Uther Pendragon defeats the white dragon that represents Vortigern. Mab tells the king that he can vanquish Uther by sacrificing Nimue to a dragon, in the","psg_id":"4334440"},{"title":"Son of Merlin","text":"Son of Merlin Son of Merlin is a joint comic book venture of Top Cow Productions and Heroes and Villains Entertainment. First released in February 2013, \"Son of Merlin\" is a five issue comic book mini series written by Robert Place Napton, with art by Zid. Simon Ambrose is a brilliant young professor at MIT. Always somewhat out of sync with the rest of the world, Simon is a man of science and does not put much stock in faith. When he discovers that he is the bastard son of the world's greatest wizard Merlin, he is forced to put","psg_id":"18821780"},{"title":"Merlin (musical)","text":"\"These Are Not the Merriest of Days\". The story focuses on the legendary wizard Merlin, not as an elderly man as he is usually depicted, but as a young man, still an apprentice learning the rules of magic. During the production number \"Put a Little Magic in Your Life\", Henning mounted a white horse and rode it into a gigantic box, which was then closed and hoisted into the air above the stage. In midair, the box suddenly broke open, turning out to be empty. A moment later, Henning appeared at the opposite edge of the stage, still mounted on","psg_id":"8249533"},{"title":"Merlin (2008 TV series)","text":"physician, Gaius (Richard Wilson). He discovers that the king, Uther Pendragon (Anthony Head), outlawed magic twenty years earlier in an event known as the Great Purge and imprisoned the last Dragon deep under the kingdom. After hearing a mysterious voice inside his head (the dragon), Merlin makes his way to the cavern beneath Camelot where the Great Dragon (voice of John Hurt) tells Merlin that he has an important destiny: to protect Uther's son, Arthur, who will return magic to Camelot and unite the land of Albion. When Merlin meets Arthur, Merlin believes that he is an arrogant bully and","psg_id":"11793844"},{"title":"Merlin","text":"is unsuccessfully searched for by various parties, including by Morgan and her enchantresses, but cannot be accessed. The legendary Brocéliande is often identified as the real-life Paimpont forest in Brittany. Other purported sites of Merlin's burial include Drumelzier in Tweeddale in Scotland and Carmarthen on Ynys Enlli off the coast of Wales. Both of these locations are also associated with Merlin more generally, including in the 13th-century manuscript known as the \"Black Book of Carmarthen\" and in the local lore of Merlin's Oak in the latter case. Merlin Merlin () is a legendary figure best known as the wizard featured","psg_id":"287629"},{"title":"Uther Pendragon","text":"that of the historical ruler Riothamus who went to Brittany to fight ravagers based in Bourges. There is an alternative account of Uther Pendragon's background in Wolfram von Eschenbach's \"Parzival\". A certain Mazadân went with a fairy named Terdelaschoye to the land of Feimurgân. (This looks like a garbling of some source that told of Mazadân's alliance with the Fay Morgan in Terre de la Joye; the \"Land of Joy\".) Mazadân becomes father of two sons, Lazaliez and Brickus. Brickus becomes father of Utepandragûn, father of Arthur, while the elder son, Lazaliez, becomes father of Gandin of Anjou, father of","psg_id":"1273353"},{"title":"Merlin","text":"battle is a portent of things to come. At this point Geoffrey inserts a long section of Merlin's prophecies, taken from his earlier \"Prophetiae Merlini\". He tells only two further tales of the character. In the first, Merlin creates Stonehenge as a burial place for Aurelius Ambrosius, bringing the stones from the Preseli Hills in south-west Wales and Ireland. In the second, Merlin's magic enables the new British king Uther Pendragon to enter into Tintagel Castle in disguise and father his son Arthur with his enemy's wife, Igraine. These episodes appear in many later adaptations of Geoffrey's account. As Lewis","psg_id":"287618"},{"title":"The Last Legion","text":"of the historical war leader Ambrosius Aurelianus, also known as Aurelius Ambrosius, who led the Romano-British against the invading Saxons. He was said by Geoffrey of Monmouth to have been the brother of Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, and to have opposed Vortigern alongside his brother. In Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical work \"The History of the Kings of Britain\" (\"Historia Regum Britanniae\"), Merlin, originally a figure unconnected with Arthur, is called \"Merlin Ambrosius\" after Geoffrey merged legends of Aurelius Ambrosius into the character. \"Ambrosius\" becomes \"Ambrosinus\" in the film. In the novel, Merlin's original British name Myrdin Emries is directly taken","psg_id":"10733450"},{"title":"Merlin Book 1: The Lost Years","text":"Merlin Book 1: The Lost Years The Lost Years (originally called The Lost Years of Merlin) is a work of literature by T. A. Barron, published by Penguin Group USA. It tells the tale of the legendary wizard Merlin's youth. Though the character Merlin is world-famous as an ancient wizard, this story of his lost youth is original to the author. The book is the first in the 12-book Merlin Saga, and was originally published as The Lost Years of Merlin, book one of the Lost Years of Merlin 5-book epic. In the beginning, a young boy has just regained","psg_id":"4730490"},{"title":"The Mists of Avalon (miniseries)","text":"Merlin explains that the father of the great king would be wearing a dragon on his arm, but Igraine will not listen. Morgaine has a vision, seeing her father dead. Viviane notes that Morgaine has \"the Sight\". The High King, Ambrosius, summons his nobles to a feast to name his successor, Uther Pendragon. Igraine is immediately drawn to Uther; Gorlois interrupts their discussion jealously. After Uther is crowned, Gorlois rebels against him. Igraine sends a message by magic to Uther. The next day, Morgaine and her aunt Morgause find that Gorlois has ordered his guards not to let the women","psg_id":"7407845"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"claiming that out of respect to the ancient British ancestors, replica bones should be on view instead. On 24 January 1994, Pendragon was summoned to magistrates' court after refusing to pay two years' worth of poll tax. His case was presided over by Lord Tenby, who allowed Pendragon to wear his robes and sword in court, and allowed him to swear oath on his sword. At the end of the hearing, the case went against Pendragon and he was ordered to pay the money owed. Pendragon has been arrested, mainly for trespass, over 30 times. Whilst in prison on remand,","psg_id":"12064300"},{"title":"Merlin (miniseries)","text":"into a bird. We meet Lord Idath the god of death and the wild hunt, Mab's former consort who does not fear as Mab does knowing there is life for him as long as mortals fear the shadow of midnight. The story ends just before Vortigern's men are on their way to get Merlin. This is more familiar with the film where Merlin meets Vortigern and is given Excalibur by the Lady of the Lake. He and Nimue meet again and fall in love. Merlin becomes the King's Wizard and help Uther to become King only to be betrayed and","psg_id":"4334455"},{"title":"King Arthur","text":", contains the first narrative account of Arthur's life. This work is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader. Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post-Roman period as do \"Historia Brittonum\" and \"Annales Cambriae\". He incorporates Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna (Igraine) at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. On Uther's death, the fifteen-year-old Arthur succeeds him as King of Britain and fights","psg_id":"225041"},{"title":"Lady of the Lake","text":"at the stake, in addition to for how, as he says, \"by enchantment and sorcery she has been the destroyer of many good knights\") and a dispute over an enchanted sword. The Middle English romance \"Arthour and Merlin\" casts Morgan le Fay herself in the role of the Lady of the Lake and residing near a town named Ninniane. The Italian manuscript \"Tavola ritonda\" (\"The Round Table\") makes the Lady a daughter of Uther Pendragon and a sister to both Morgan and Arthur; here she is a character villainous to the extent that her own brother Arthur swears to burn","psg_id":"1533953"},{"title":"The Birth of Merlin","text":"devil-father within the earth, and leads his mother away to a life of repentance. Donobert accepts his daughters' religious commitment to the solitary and celibate life. The British defeat the treacherous Saxons, who have assassinated Aurelius. Uther is now the British king, aided by Merlin. The play is rich with visual effects of varying types, including devils and magic and masque-like spectacles. It was clearly designed to provide broad, colourful, fast-paced entertainment (not to have in \"The World\"). The Birth of Merlin The Birth of Merlin, or, The Child Hath Found his Father is a Jacobean play, probably written in","psg_id":"2988147"},{"title":"Anthony Head","text":"\"Merlin\", about the mythical wizard Merlin. Head played King Uther Pendragon, the father of Prince Arthur. Head also provides voice-over work in the Nintendo Wii video game, \"Flip's Twisted World\", developed by Frozen North Productions. For his acting in the film \"Despite the Falling Snow\" he won the Best Supporting Actor award at the 2016 Prague Independent Film Festival. In July 2018 Head was added to the cast of long-running BBC radio soap-opera The Archers, playing Robin Fairbrother, member of a family with several past and current connections to the Archers themselves. Head lives with his partner Sarah Fisher and","psg_id":"12360244"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"noted that Pendragon viewed Britain as \"a land, not an identity\" and as \"a feeling, not a language\", and this \"it welcomes all who arrive on these shores\". It was noted that his patriotism was \"inclusive, not exclusive. It was welcoming of other cultures and other stories\". In that biography, it was noted that Pendragon could be self-centred, vain, and impatient with others, and that he was sometimes unable to see perspectives other than his own. It also noted that he was \"a man who laughed at himself\". Some in Britain's Druidic community thought that Pendragon brought Druidry into disrepute","psg_id":"12064302"},{"title":"Historia Regum Britanniae","text":"defeated, gaining final victory only with the help of Duke Gorlois of Cornwall. But while celebrating this victory with Gorlois, he falls in love with the duke's wife, Igerna. This leads to war between Uther Pendragon and Gorlois of Cornwall, during which Uther clandestinely lies with Igerna through the magic of Merlin. Arthur is conceived that night. Then Gorlois is killed and Uther marries Igerna. But he must war against the Saxons again. Although Uther ultimately triumphs, he dies after drinking water from a spring the Saxons had poisoned. Uther's son Arthur assumes the throne and defeats the Saxons so","psg_id":"3198217"},{"title":"La Légende du roi Arthur","text":"he loses his brother's sword for the tournament, Arthur, unaware of its significance, pulls the sword from the stone. His action is seen by several people and he is hailed as the new king. Some members of the nobility pledge allegiance to Arthur, whereas others argue against crowning a man of lowly birth. Merlin reveals Arthur's true identity as the son of the last king, Uther Pendragon, but some, led by Maleagant, refuse to accept the rule of an illegitimate royal child and declare war. Merlin takes Arthur to the Forest of Brocéliande to train him. Here, Arthur is called","psg_id":"20092245"},{"title":"Merlin (miniseries)","text":"hope that Merlin will break his vow not to use magic. Merlin uses magic to save Nimue and she is sent to Avalon to recover from her burns. Merlin asks the Lady of the Lake for help, and she gives him the magical sword Excalibur. Merlin warns Uther of Vortigern's intention to attack him under the cover of winter; Uther heeds Merlin's warning and uses Excalibur to defeat the king in battle. Uther becomes obsessed with Igraine, the wife of Gorlois, Lord of Cornwall. Merlin tricks Uther out of the sword and plunges it into the Rock of Ages, who","psg_id":"4334441"},{"title":"Son of Merlin","text":"his skepticism aside and embrace a world of magic and the mayhem it embodies. The wizard Merlin finds human magician Gwen tied up in a New York warehouse. He uses magic to release her only to find himself trapped in a binding circle. Gwen escapes before enchantress Morgana le Fay enters and kills Merlin. She tries to retrieve Merlin's diary from his body but it vanishes. At MIT, Merlin's diary appears in Simon Ambrose's lab. Gwen later approaches him and tells Simon that Merlin is his father, but they're interrupted by Morgana's Black Knights. Gwen and Simon narrowly escape the","psg_id":"18821781"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"he has been denied his right to wear his own clothing – his Neo-Druidic robe – and ordered to wear prison uniform. Pendragon, refusing to comply with these orders, has then been left without clothing and put in solitary confinement. Pendragon is a self-proclaimed English eccentric, and says that this helps him in his political work. He has stood in several elections – most recently as an Independent candidate for Salisbury in 2010, 2015 and 2017. The Pendragon biography noted that he was one of those Druids \"whose motivations are fundamentally political and radical\". In Pendragon's co-written autobiography, it is","psg_id":"12064301"},{"title":"Historia Regum Britanniae","text":"point during the continuous string of battles, Ambrosius takes ill and Uther must lead the army for him. This allows an enemy assassin to pose as a physician and poison Ambrosius. When the king dies, a comet taking the form of a dragon's head (pendragon) appears in the night sky, which Merlin interprets as a sign that Ambrosius is dead and that Uther will be victorious and succeed him. So after defeating his latest enemies, Uther adds \"Pendragon\" to his name and is crowned king. But another enemy strikes, forcing Uther to make war again. This time he is temporarily","psg_id":"3198216"},{"title":"Igraine","text":"of Cornwall. King Uther Pendragon falls in love with her and attempts to force his attentions on her at his court. She informs her husband, who departs with her to Cornwall without asking leave. This sudden departure gives Uther Pendragon an excuse to make war on Gorlois. Gorlois conducts the war from the castle of Dimilioc but places his wife in safety in the castle of Tintagel. Disguised as Gorlois by Merlin, Uther Pendragon is able to enter Tintagel to satisfy his lust. He manages to rape Igraine by deceit - she believes that she is lying with her husband","psg_id":"1408596"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"were charged with violent disorder over the incident, with the case being tried at Reading Crown Court. Over the course of the case, the judge instructed the jury to find Pendragon not guilty on all charges; the jury also found the other two defendants not guilty. Pendragon is best known for his legal battles with English Heritage regarding the monument of Stonehenge in Wiltshire, a site of great religious significance to Neo-Druids. Throughout the 1990s, he campaigned for the removal of the four-mile exclusion zone which was established each year during the summer solstice. On 19 October 1998, with assistance","psg_id":"12064296"},{"title":"Merlin (miniseries)","text":"promises to keep it until a good man can withdraw it. Uther's mind is plagued by madness and lust, and Britain slides back into civil war. Merlin strikes a deal with Uther to let him bed Igraine in exchange for guardianship of the son born from the union, and for Gorlois and his men to be spared. Merlin transforms Uther's appearance into that of Gorlois, fooling everyone in Tintagel Castle except for Igraine's young daughter, Morgan le Fay. Uther later has Gorlois and his men slaughtered. While Igraine is in labor, at Mab's behest, Frik convinces Morgan to place a","psg_id":"4334442"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"direct action protests and was repeatedly arrested. English Heritage agreed to implement open access at the solstice in 2000. Pendragon later focused on campaigning for the return of human remains removed from Stonehenge by archaeologists in 2008. He continued to call for free access to the site. Pendragon was born John Timothy Rothwell to a working-class family on 5 April 1954. His mother, May Victoria Rothwell (née Barratt), was from London; his father, Wilfred Rothwell, was from Liverpool. The latter had served as a sergeant in the York and Lancashire Regiment of the British Army during the Second World War","psg_id":"12064280"},{"title":"And the Horse You Rode in On","text":"arrangements (\"One More River\" has been given an almost reggae beat, while \"Any Day Above Ground\" has an ironically funereal dirge about it). There are a couple of new tracks, \"The Euphonious Whale\" and \"How to Make Gravy\". This fascinating reimagining of a fantastic catalog of songs nicely reconnects with an artist who had entered the new century with the aggressiveness of \"Speedboats for Breakfast\". Not your typical 'hits' record, \"And the Horse You Rode in On\" is all the more entertaining for it.\" And the Horse You Rode in On And the Horse You Rode in On is the","psg_id":"19401612"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"In June 2008, Pendragon set up a protest camp on a byway near the monument, demanding free access to Stonehenge for everyone. He insisted that the fences surrounding the site should be removed, and that the two nearby A roads (the A344 and A303) should be closed or redirected. He occupied the byway for ten months, and obtained 8,000 signatures in support of his petition. On 24 April 2009, he was ordered by Salisbury County Court to dismantle his camp and leave, following complaints from Wiltshire Council that he was obstructing traffic. Pendragon defied the order. He finally ended his","psg_id":"12064298"},{"title":"The miller who was a wizard, a cheat and a matchmaker","text":"written by the Bohemian composer, working in Russia, Arnošt Vančura (d. 1802). The opera is one of the few of its kind which survived in performance in Russia into the nineteenth century. A 1915 revival in Moscow included folksongs arranged by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and there was a further revival in Paris in 1929, edited by Nikolai Tcherepnin. The opera is set in a Russian village. Act I: The miller Fadei prospers by exploiting his reputation amongst the peasants as a wizard. Filimon, who has consulted him to find his lost horse, decides to ask his help in winning Anyuta, whose","psg_id":"16207572"},{"title":"The Dragon's Call","text":"The Dragon's Call \"The Dragon's Call\" is the first episode of the first series of the British fantasy-adventure family television series \"Merlin\". Written by Julian Jones and directed by James Hawes, the episode was first broadcast on BBC One on 20 September 2008. The episode tells the arrival of Merlin (Colin Morgan) as a young man in Camelot, where magic is banned by King Uther Pendragon (Anthony Head). Taken under the wing of Camelot's physician, Gaius (Richard Wilson), he is warned that he must keep his innate magical ability a secret. In Camelot, he meets Uther's heir, the arrogant Prince","psg_id":"12513528"},{"title":"Excalibur (film)","text":"the United States, eventually grossing $34,967,437 on a budget of around US$11 million to rank 18th in that year's receipts. The sorcerer Merlin retrieves Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake for Uther Pendragon, who secures a brief alliance with Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall. Uther's lust for Cornwall's wife Igrayne soon ruins the truce, and Merlin agrees to help Uther to seduce Igrayne on the condition that he gives Merlin whatever results from his lust. Merlin transforms Uther into Cornwall's likeness with the Charm of Making. Cornwall's daughter Morgana senses her father's mortal injury during his assault on Uther's","psg_id":"1858889"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"be for developers and the less likely that such projects would be commissioned in future. In April 1996, contractors sought to evict the protesters from the camp. In one incident, a chauffeur-driven Jaguar was driven into Pendragon and other protesters in a hit and run attack; the owner was later revealed as a wealthy local with a financial stake in the development. Following the attack, the car was damaged when one Druid smashed its window with an axe. The chauffeur and its owner claimed that the attack was unprovoked and police decided to press charged. Pendragon and two other Druids","psg_id":"12064295"},{"title":"The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)","text":"was first published in 1938 as a single novel. It was later republished in 1958 as the first book of T. H. White's tetralogy \"The Once and Future King\". \"The Sword in the Stone\" was released to theaters on December 25, 1963 to mixed reviews, though it was a box office success. A live-action adaptation of the film directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo is scheduled to be released in 2019. The King of England, Uther Pendragon, dies. No heir to the throne is named, and England is threatened to be torn apart by war. Miraculously, the legendary \"Sword in the","psg_id":"6859783"},{"title":"Wizard (horse)","text":"Wizard (horse) Wizard (1806 – 30 June 1813) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. He won seven of his ten races, with all his wins coming at Newmarket. In 1809 he won the 2000 Guineas Stakes, before finishing second in the Derby Stakes. The following year he won a match race against his Derby conqueror Pope. Throughout his racing career he was owned by Christopher Wilson and trained by Tom Perren. Wizard only stood as a stallion for two years before dying in an accident in 1813. His son Young Wizard won the Riddlesworth Stakes and was the runner-up in the","psg_id":"16992574"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"protest on 19 May, after English Heritage announced plans to move a section of the A303 underground, and to create a new visitor centre about a mile-and-a-half away from the stones. In August 2011, Pendragon filed a High Court appeal calling for the cremated remains of more than forty bodies to be immediately reburied. The remains had been exhumed from a burial site at Stonehenge in 2008, to be studied at Sheffield University. The appeal was rejected. Pendragon has also voiced his opposition to English Heritage's plan to display three more sets of human remains at the new visitor centre,","psg_id":"12064299"},{"title":"Ambrosius Aurelianus","text":"the traditional warrior king, are used by Geoffrey for other characters. Ambrosius' supposed supernatural powers are passed to Merlin. Geoffrey's Aurelius Ambrosius rises to the throne but dies early, passing the throne to a previously unknown brother called Uther Pendragon. The role of warrior king is shared by Uther and his son Arthur. Geoffrey also uses the character Gloiu, father of Vitalinus/Vitolinus, derived from Nennius. He names this character as a son of Claudius and appointed by his father as Duke of the Welsh. His predecessor as Duke is called Arvirargus. Assuming that Claudius and Arvirargus are supposed to be","psg_id":"16904"},{"title":"And the Horse You Rode in On","text":"And the Horse You Rode in On And the Horse You Rode in On is the seventh solo studio album by Australian singer/songwriter James Reyne released on 14 March 2005. It's an acoustic recording of songs taken from his earlier solo work and Australian Crawl songs. It includes two new tracks. Later digital editions renamed this album as \"Greatest Hits Acoustic\". Tomas Mureika of All Music said \"The songs are produced in such a way as to spotlight [Reyne's] inimitable voice. Most of the songs are done strictly acoustically, with just Reyne and a guitar, although some are given different","psg_id":"19401611"},{"title":"The Winter King (novel)","text":"then appointed as Mordred's guardian and marries Norwenna. After Tewdric and Owain give their oaths as guardians, Morgan insists that Merlin will only take the oath if Arthur is appointed as a guardian, a demand Uther reluctantly accepts after Tewdric backs Morgan up. After Uther dies Mordred, still only a baby, is pronounced King of Dumnonia. He is not High King because that title can only be given to a king accepted as higher than the other British kings. Nor is he the Pendragon, as that title is only given to a High King who wins his rank in battle.","psg_id":"7877972"},{"title":"Morgan le Fay","text":"is called Morcades, a name that R. S. Loomis argued was another variant of Morgan). At a young age, Morgan is sent to a convent after Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, aided by the half-demon Merlin, kills Gorlois and rapes and marries her mother, who later gives him a son, Arthur (which makes him Morgan's younger half-brother). There, Morgan masters the seven arts, and begins her study of magic, going on to specialize in \"astronomie\" (astronomy and astrology) and healing. The late addition known as the Vulgate \"Suite du Merlin\", besides describing Morgan's unmatched beauty and amazing voice, presents more of","psg_id":"2249088"},{"title":"The Dragon's Call","text":"of sorcery, by the order of King Uther Pendragon (Anthony Head), who has banned the practice of magic in his kingdom on pain of death. As soon as the man is beheaded, Uther declares to the watching crowd that he shall throw a festival to celebrate twenty years since he wiped out magic and magicians from the kingdom. When he finishes his announcements, a hideous old hag, Thomas' mother Mary (Eve Myles), swears revenge for the murder of her son, \"a son for a son!\", before vanishing to avoid arrest. The King's ward, Morgana (Katie McGrath), warns that Uther may","psg_id":"12513531"},{"title":"Figure (horse)","text":"Figure (horse) Figure was a small bay stallion owned by Justin Morgan; he became the foundation sire of the Morgan horse breed. The stallion was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts in 1789. The small, dark colt is believed to have been sired by an English Thoroughbred stallion named \"True Briton\", also known as \"Beautiful Bay\" and \"Traveller\", which was foaled in 1768. Figure's dam was of \"Wild-Air\" breeding, sired by Diamond, foaled in 1784 in West Springfield. The dam was bred by Justin Morgan, for whom the breed is named. Figure is thought to have stood about 14 hh (1.42","psg_id":"10760622"},{"title":"Historia Regum Britanniae","text":"they rise against him. He loses control of much of his land and encounters Merlin. At this point Geoffrey abruptly pauses his narrative by inserting a series of prophecies attributed to Merlin. Some of the prophecies act as an epitome of upcoming chapters of the \"Historia\", while others are veiled allusions to historical people and events of the Norman world in the 11th-12th centuries. The remainder are obscure. After Aurelius Ambrosius defeats and kills Vortigern, becoming king, Britain remains in a state of war under him and his brother Uther. They are both assisted by the wizard Merlin. At one","psg_id":"3198215"},{"title":"Arthur Uther Pendragon","text":"to prevent revellers damaging the monument. In protest at this decision, every solstice a large group of New Age travellers, modern Pagans, hippies, and bikers assembled outside the police cordon surrounding the site. Each year, Pendragon was amongst the protest and every year he walked past the cordon and was arrested, after which he would spend the night in a cell of Salisbury Police Station. He joined the Council of British Druid Orders (COBOD), a group campaigning for open access to the site, and pushed for reform within the group. He successfully urged them to switch from a mandatory to","psg_id":"12064291"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"Verulamium. Uther's family is based on some historical figures; Constantine on the historical Constantine III, a usurper claimant to the Roman throne from 407–411, and Constans on his son. Aurelius Ambrosius is Ambrosius Aurelianus, mentioned by Gildas, though his connection to Constantine and Constans is unrecorded. In Robert de Boron's \\\"Merlin\\\" Uther Pendragon kills Hengist after an assassination attempt by the Saxon leader and Merlin creates the Round Table for him. In the \\\"Prose Lancelot\\\" Uther Pendragon claims to have been born in Bourges. He takes an army to Brittany to fight against King Claudas of Bourges, a situation resembling\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"from there to Britain. Later, while Aurelius is ill, Uther leads his army against Vortigern's son Paschent and his Saxon allies. On the way to the battle, he sees a comet in the shape of a dragon, which Merlin interprets as presaging Aurelius's death and Uther's glorious future. Uther wins the battle and takes the epithet \\\"Pendragon\\\", and returns to find that Aurelius has been poisoned by an assassin. He becomes king and orders the construction of two gold dragons, one of which he uses as his standard. He secures Britain's frontiers and quells Saxon uprisings with the aids of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"memorialized with \\\"The Death-song of Uther Pen\\\" from the \\\"Book of Taliesin\\\". The latter includes a reference to Arthur, so the marginal addition of \\\"dragon\\\" to Uther's name is probably justified. \\\"The Colloquy of Arthur and the Eagle,\\\" a poem contemporary with but independent of Geoffrey, mentions another son of Uther named Madoc, the father of Arthur's nephew Eliwlod. In Triad 28, Uthyr is named the creator of one of the Three Great Enchantments of the Island of Britain, which he taught to the wizard Menw. Since Menw is a shapeshifter according to \\\"Culhwch and Olwen\\\", it might be that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"Uther was one as well. If this is so, it opens up the possibility that Geoffrey of Monmouth's narrative about Uther impregnating Igerna with Merlin's help (see below) was taken from a Welsh legend where Uthyr changed his own shape, Merlin possibly being added to the story by Geoffrey. Uthyr's other reference, Triad 51, however, shows influence from Geoffrey's \\\"Historia\\\". It follows Geoffrey's description of Uther as son of Constantine III, now called \\\"Custennin the Blessed\\\", and brother of both Aurelius Ambrosius (\\\"Emrys Wledig\\\") and Constans II (\\\"Custennin the Younger\\\"). Uther is best known from Geoffrey's \\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\" (1136)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"where he is the youngest son of King of Britannia, Constantine III. His eldest brother Constans succeeds to the throne on their father's death, but is murdered at the instigation of his adviser Vortigern, who seizes the throne. Uther and his other brother, Aurelius Ambrosius, still children, flee to Brittany. Vortigern makes an alliance with the Saxons under Hengist, but it goes disastrously wrong. Aurelius and Uther return, now adults. Aurelius burns Vortigern in his castle and becomes king. With Aurelius on the throne, Uther leads his brother in arms to Ireland to help Merlin bring the stones of Stonehenge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"is given the surname \\\"Pendragon\\\", which is explained by the author Geoffrey of Monmouth as literally meaning \\\"dragon's head\\\". In the prose version of Robert de Boron's \\\"Merlin\\\", the name of Uther's elder brother Ambrosius is given as \\\"Pendragon\\\", while Uter (Uther) changes his name after his brother's death to \\\"Uterpendragon\\\". The use of \\\"Pendragon\\\" to refer to Arthur, rather than to Uther or his brother, is of much more recent vintage. In literature, one of its earliest uses to refer to Arthur is in Alfred Tennyson's poem \\\"Lancelot and Elaine\\\", where, however, it appears as Arthur's title rather than\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1773964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Enchanted World\",\n \"text\": \"Uther Pendragon sees Igraine, the beautiful wife of Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall. He desires her and asks for help from the Wizard, Prophet and Enchanter Merlin. Merlin promises to do this in exchange for any child that may be conceived from the union. Merlin enchants Uther to look like Gorlois and Uther has his way with Igraine. Nine months later, Arthur is born and taken away by Merlin. He is raised in secret in Wales until the age of fifteen. During a tournament in London, Arthur, acting as a squire, while searching for a sword for the knight he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5500905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"his retainers, one of whom is Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall. At a banquet celebrating their victories, Uther becomes obsessively enamoured of Gorlois' wife Igerna (Igraine), and a war ensues between Uther and his vassal. Gorlois sends Igerna to the impregnable castle of Tintagel for protection while he himself is besieged by Uther in another town. Uther consults with Merlin who uses his magic to transform the king into the likeness of Gorlois and thus gain access to Igerna at Tintagel. He spends the night with her and they conceive Arthur, but the next morning it is discovered that Gorlois had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"been killed. Uther marries Igerna and they have a daughter called Anna (in later romances she is called Morgause and is usually Igerna's daughter by her previous marriage). Morgause later marries King Lot and becomes the mother of Gawain and Mordred. Uther later falls ill and the wars begin to go badly against the Saxons. He insists on leading his army himself, propped up on his horse. He defeats Hengist's son Octa at Verulamium (St Albans), despite the Saxons calling him the \\\"Half-Dead King\\\". However, the Saxons soon contrive his death by poisoning a spring which he drinks from near\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (poem)\",\n \"text\": \"council of demons plotting to create the future Merlin as their agent on Earth to undo the work of Christ, but their plan is foiled and the mother names the child Merlin after her father. It continues with the story of the usurper king Vortiger (Vortigern) and his tower, featuring the seven-year-old Merlin with amazing prophetic powers. Following Vortiger's death, which Merlin also predicted, he assists the new king Pendragon and his brother Uter (Uther Pendragon, soon himself the king as Uterpendragon after the death of the original Pendragon at Salisbury) in their bloody war against Saxon invaders, later erecting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13869990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"epithet \\\"Pendragon\\\" (composed of Welsh \\\"pen\\\", \\\"head, chief, top\\\" and \\\"dragon\\\", \\\"dragon; warrior\\\"; borrowed from the Latin word \\\"dracō\\\", plural \\\"dracōnēs\\\", \\\"dragon[s]\\\") literally means \\\"Chief-Dragon\\\" or \\\"Head-Dragon\\\", but in a figurative sense, \\\"chief leader\\\", \\\"chief of warriors\\\", \\\"commander-in-chief\\\", \\\"generalissimo\\\", or \\\"chief governor\\\". The name was misinterpreted by Geoffrey of Monmouth in \\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\" to mean \\\"dragon's head\\\". According to Geoffrey and works based on his version, Uther acquired the epithet when he witnessed a portentous dragon-shaped comet, which inspired him to use dragons on his standards. According to Robert de Boron and the cycles based on his work, it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table\",\n \"text\": \"Morte d'Arthur, was a loose collection of separate stories. Green attempted to relate each legend so that the entire story would have a beginning, middle and end. Green used many sources in addition to Malory. After Uther Pendragon's death, Merlin the magician forms a stone and in it a sword. After many years, the young Arthur, secretly the son of Uther Pendragon, pulls the sword out of the stone and becomes King. Together with Merlin, he constructs a round table, at which only the best knights of England may sit. More and more knights come to join the brotherhood of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13549631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"out fatally injuring Ambrosia. Merlin tries to attack Mab but can't defeat her; she dismisses the deaths of his mother and Ambrosia as \\\"casualties of war\\\" and vows that Merlin will help her in her quest for power. Merlin makes a blood-oath never to use magic. Many years pass. Merlin is brought before the tyrant King Vortigern, who is having problems constructing his castle. Merlin tells the king his vision: a red dragon representing Uther Pendragon defeats the white dragon that represents Vortigern. Mab tells the king that he can vanquish Uther by sacrificing Nimue to a dragon, in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4334440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Son of Merlin\",\n \"text\": \"Son of Merlin Son of Merlin is a joint comic book venture of Top Cow Productions and Heroes and Villains Entertainment. First released in February 2013, \\\"Son of Merlin\\\" is a five issue comic book mini series written by Robert Place Napton, with art by Zid. Simon Ambrose is a brilliant young professor at MIT. Always somewhat out of sync with the rest of the world, Simon is a man of science and does not put much stock in faith. When he discovers that he is the bastard son of the world's greatest wizard Merlin, he is forced to put\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18821780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"These Are Not the Merriest of Days\\\". The story focuses on the legendary wizard Merlin, not as an elderly man as he is usually depicted, but as a young man, still an apprentice learning the rules of magic. During the production number \\\"Put a Little Magic in Your Life\\\", Henning mounted a white horse and rode it into a gigantic box, which was then closed and hoisted into the air above the stage. In midair, the box suddenly broke open, turning out to be empty. A moment later, Henning appeared at the opposite edge of the stage, still mounted on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8249533\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (2008 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"physician, Gaius (Richard Wilson). He discovers that the king, Uther Pendragon (Anthony Head), outlawed magic twenty years earlier in an event known as the Great Purge and imprisoned the last Dragon deep under the kingdom. After hearing a mysterious voice inside his head (the dragon), Merlin makes his way to the cavern beneath Camelot where the Great Dragon (voice of John Hurt) tells Merlin that he has an important destiny: to protect Uther's son, Arthur, who will return magic to Camelot and unite the land of Albion. When Merlin meets Arthur, Merlin believes that he is an arrogant bully and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11793844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin\",\n \"text\": \"is unsuccessfully searched for by various parties, including by Morgan and her enchantresses, but cannot be accessed. The legendary Brocéliande is often identified as the real-life Paimpont forest in Brittany. Other purported sites of Merlin's burial include Drumelzier in Tweeddale in Scotland and Carmarthen on Ynys Enlli off the coast of Wales. Both of these locations are also associated with Merlin more generally, including in the 13th-century manuscript known as the \\\"Black Book of Carmarthen\\\" and in the local lore of Merlin's Oak in the latter case. Merlin Merlin () is a legendary figure best known as the wizard featured\",\n \"psg_id\": \"287629\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"that of the historical ruler Riothamus who went to Brittany to fight ravagers based in Bourges. There is an alternative account of Uther Pendragon's background in Wolfram von Eschenbach's \\\"Parzival\\\". A certain Mazadân went with a fairy named Terdelaschoye to the land of Feimurgân. (This looks like a garbling of some source that told of Mazadân's alliance with the Fay Morgan in Terre de la Joye; the \\\"Land of Joy\\\".) Mazadân becomes father of two sons, Lazaliez and Brickus. Brickus becomes father of Utepandragûn, father of Arthur, while the elder son, Lazaliez, becomes father of Gandin of Anjou, father of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1273353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin\",\n \"text\": \"battle is a portent of things to come. At this point Geoffrey inserts a long section of Merlin's prophecies, taken from his earlier \\\"Prophetiae Merlini\\\". He tells only two further tales of the character. In the first, Merlin creates Stonehenge as a burial place for Aurelius Ambrosius, bringing the stones from the Preseli Hills in south-west Wales and Ireland. In the second, Merlin's magic enables the new British king Uther Pendragon to enter into Tintagel Castle in disguise and father his son Arthur with his enemy's wife, Igraine. These episodes appear in many later adaptations of Geoffrey's account. As Lewis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"287618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Last Legion\",\n \"text\": \"of the historical war leader Ambrosius Aurelianus, also known as Aurelius Ambrosius, who led the Romano-British against the invading Saxons. He was said by Geoffrey of Monmouth to have been the brother of Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, and to have opposed Vortigern alongside his brother. In Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical work \\\"The History of the Kings of Britain\\\" (\\\"Historia Regum Britanniae\\\"), Merlin, originally a figure unconnected with Arthur, is called \\\"Merlin Ambrosius\\\" after Geoffrey merged legends of Aurelius Ambrosius into the character. \\\"Ambrosius\\\" becomes \\\"Ambrosinus\\\" in the film. In the novel, Merlin's original British name Myrdin Emries is directly taken\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10733450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin Book 1: The Lost Years\",\n \"text\": \"Merlin Book 1: The Lost Years The Lost Years (originally called The Lost Years of Merlin) is a work of literature by T. A. Barron, published by Penguin Group USA. It tells the tale of the legendary wizard Merlin's youth. Though the character Merlin is world-famous as an ancient wizard, this story of his lost youth is original to the author. The book is the first in the 12-book Merlin Saga, and was originally published as The Lost Years of Merlin, book one of the Lost Years of Merlin 5-book epic. In the beginning, a young boy has just regained\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4730490\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Mists of Avalon (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"Merlin explains that the father of the great king would be wearing a dragon on his arm, but Igraine will not listen. Morgaine has a vision, seeing her father dead. Viviane notes that Morgaine has \\\"the Sight\\\". The High King, Ambrosius, summons his nobles to a feast to name his successor, Uther Pendragon. Igraine is immediately drawn to Uther; Gorlois interrupts their discussion jealously. After Uther is crowned, Gorlois rebels against him. Igraine sends a message by magic to Uther. The next day, Morgaine and her aunt Morgause find that Gorlois has ordered his guards not to let the women\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7407845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"claiming that out of respect to the ancient British ancestors, replica bones should be on view instead. On 24 January 1994, Pendragon was summoned to magistrates' court after refusing to pay two years' worth of poll tax. His case was presided over by Lord Tenby, who allowed Pendragon to wear his robes and sword in court, and allowed him to swear oath on his sword. At the end of the hearing, the case went against Pendragon and he was ordered to pay the money owed. Pendragon has been arrested, mainly for trespass, over 30 times. Whilst in prison on remand,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"into a bird. We meet Lord Idath the god of death and the wild hunt, Mab's former consort who does not fear as Mab does knowing there is life for him as long as mortals fear the shadow of midnight. The story ends just before Vortigern's men are on their way to get Merlin. This is more familiar with the film where Merlin meets Vortigern and is given Excalibur by the Lady of the Lake. He and Nimue meet again and fall in love. Merlin becomes the King's Wizard and help Uther to become King only to be betrayed and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4334455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Arthur\",\n \"text\": \", contains the first narrative account of Arthur's life. This work is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader. Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post-Roman period as do \\\"Historia Brittonum\\\" and \\\"Annales Cambriae\\\". He incorporates Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna (Igraine) at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. On Uther's death, the fifteen-year-old Arthur succeeds him as King of Britain and fights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"225041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lady of the Lake\",\n \"text\": \"at the stake, in addition to for how, as he says, \\\"by enchantment and sorcery she has been the destroyer of many good knights\\\") and a dispute over an enchanted sword. The Middle English romance \\\"Arthour and Merlin\\\" casts Morgan le Fay herself in the role of the Lady of the Lake and residing near a town named Ninniane. The Italian manuscript \\\"Tavola ritonda\\\" (\\\"The Round Table\\\") makes the Lady a daughter of Uther Pendragon and a sister to both Morgan and Arthur; here she is a character villainous to the extent that her own brother Arthur swears to burn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1533953\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Birth of Merlin\",\n \"text\": \"devil-father within the earth, and leads his mother away to a life of repentance. Donobert accepts his daughters' religious commitment to the solitary and celibate life. The British defeat the treacherous Saxons, who have assassinated Aurelius. Uther is now the British king, aided by Merlin. The play is rich with visual effects of varying types, including devils and magic and masque-like spectacles. It was clearly designed to provide broad, colourful, fast-paced entertainment (not to have in \\\"The World\\\"). The Birth of Merlin The Birth of Merlin, or, The Child Hath Found his Father is a Jacobean play, probably written in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2988147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Head\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Merlin\\\", about the mythical wizard Merlin. Head played King Uther Pendragon, the father of Prince Arthur. Head also provides voice-over work in the Nintendo Wii video game, \\\"Flip's Twisted World\\\", developed by Frozen North Productions. For his acting in the film \\\"Despite the Falling Snow\\\" he won the Best Supporting Actor award at the 2016 Prague Independent Film Festival. In July 2018 Head was added to the cast of long-running BBC radio soap-opera The Archers, playing Robin Fairbrother, member of a family with several past and current connections to the Archers themselves. Head lives with his partner Sarah Fisher and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12360244\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"noted that Pendragon viewed Britain as \\\"a land, not an identity\\\" and as \\\"a feeling, not a language\\\", and this \\\"it welcomes all who arrive on these shores\\\". It was noted that his patriotism was \\\"inclusive, not exclusive. It was welcoming of other cultures and other stories\\\". In that biography, it was noted that Pendragon could be self-centred, vain, and impatient with others, and that he was sometimes unable to see perspectives other than his own. It also noted that he was \\\"a man who laughed at himself\\\". Some in Britain's Druidic community thought that Pendragon brought Druidry into disrepute\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Historia Regum Britanniae\",\n \"text\": \"defeated, gaining final victory only with the help of Duke Gorlois of Cornwall. But while celebrating this victory with Gorlois, he falls in love with the duke's wife, Igerna. This leads to war between Uther Pendragon and Gorlois of Cornwall, during which Uther clandestinely lies with Igerna through the magic of Merlin. Arthur is conceived that night. Then Gorlois is killed and Uther marries Igerna. But he must war against the Saxons again. Although Uther ultimately triumphs, he dies after drinking water from a spring the Saxons had poisoned. Uther's son Arthur assumes the throne and defeats the Saxons so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3198217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"La Légende du roi Arthur\",\n \"text\": \"he loses his brother's sword for the tournament, Arthur, unaware of its significance, pulls the sword from the stone. His action is seen by several people and he is hailed as the new king. Some members of the nobility pledge allegiance to Arthur, whereas others argue against crowning a man of lowly birth. Merlin reveals Arthur's true identity as the son of the last king, Uther Pendragon, but some, led by Maleagant, refuse to accept the rule of an illegitimate royal child and declare war. Merlin takes Arthur to the Forest of Brocéliande to train him. Here, Arthur is called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20092245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"hope that Merlin will break his vow not to use magic. Merlin uses magic to save Nimue and she is sent to Avalon to recover from her burns. Merlin asks the Lady of the Lake for help, and she gives him the magical sword Excalibur. Merlin warns Uther of Vortigern's intention to attack him under the cover of winter; Uther heeds Merlin's warning and uses Excalibur to defeat the king in battle. Uther becomes obsessed with Igraine, the wife of Gorlois, Lord of Cornwall. Merlin tricks Uther out of the sword and plunges it into the Rock of Ages, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4334441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Son of Merlin\",\n \"text\": \"his skepticism aside and embrace a world of magic and the mayhem it embodies. The wizard Merlin finds human magician Gwen tied up in a New York warehouse. He uses magic to release her only to find himself trapped in a binding circle. Gwen escapes before enchantress Morgana le Fay enters and kills Merlin. She tries to retrieve Merlin's diary from his body but it vanishes. At MIT, Merlin's diary appears in Simon Ambrose's lab. Gwen later approaches him and tells Simon that Merlin is his father, but they're interrupted by Morgana's Black Knights. Gwen and Simon narrowly escape the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18821781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"he has been denied his right to wear his own clothing – his Neo-Druidic robe – and ordered to wear prison uniform. Pendragon, refusing to comply with these orders, has then been left without clothing and put in solitary confinement. Pendragon is a self-proclaimed English eccentric, and says that this helps him in his political work. He has stood in several elections – most recently as an Independent candidate for Salisbury in 2010, 2015 and 2017. The Pendragon biography noted that he was one of those Druids \\\"whose motivations are fundamentally political and radical\\\". In Pendragon's co-written autobiography, it is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Historia Regum Britanniae\",\n \"text\": \"point during the continuous string of battles, Ambrosius takes ill and Uther must lead the army for him. This allows an enemy assassin to pose as a physician and poison Ambrosius. When the king dies, a comet taking the form of a dragon's head (pendragon) appears in the night sky, which Merlin interprets as a sign that Ambrosius is dead and that Uther will be victorious and succeed him. So after defeating his latest enemies, Uther adds \\\"Pendragon\\\" to his name and is crowned king. But another enemy strikes, forcing Uther to make war again. This time he is temporarily\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3198216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Igraine\",\n \"text\": \"of Cornwall. King Uther Pendragon falls in love with her and attempts to force his attentions on her at his court. She informs her husband, who departs with her to Cornwall without asking leave. This sudden departure gives Uther Pendragon an excuse to make war on Gorlois. Gorlois conducts the war from the castle of Dimilioc but places his wife in safety in the castle of Tintagel. Disguised as Gorlois by Merlin, Uther Pendragon is able to enter Tintagel to satisfy his lust. He manages to rape Igraine by deceit - she believes that she is lying with her husband\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1408596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"were charged with violent disorder over the incident, with the case being tried at Reading Crown Court. Over the course of the case, the judge instructed the jury to find Pendragon not guilty on all charges; the jury also found the other two defendants not guilty. Pendragon is best known for his legal battles with English Heritage regarding the monument of Stonehenge in Wiltshire, a site of great religious significance to Neo-Druids. Throughout the 1990s, he campaigned for the removal of the four-mile exclusion zone which was established each year during the summer solstice. On 19 October 1998, with assistance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merlin (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"promises to keep it until a good man can withdraw it. Uther's mind is plagued by madness and lust, and Britain slides back into civil war. Merlin strikes a deal with Uther to let him bed Igraine in exchange for guardianship of the son born from the union, and for Gorlois and his men to be spared. Merlin transforms Uther's appearance into that of Gorlois, fooling everyone in Tintagel Castle except for Igraine's young daughter, Morgan le Fay. Uther later has Gorlois and his men slaughtered. While Igraine is in labor, at Mab's behest, Frik convinces Morgan to place a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4334442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"direct action protests and was repeatedly arrested. English Heritage agreed to implement open access at the solstice in 2000. Pendragon later focused on campaigning for the return of human remains removed from Stonehenge by archaeologists in 2008. He continued to call for free access to the site. Pendragon was born John Timothy Rothwell to a working-class family on 5 April 1954. His mother, May Victoria Rothwell (née Barratt), was from London; his father, Wilfred Rothwell, was from Liverpool. The latter had served as a sergeant in the York and Lancashire Regiment of the British Army during the Second World War\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And the Horse You Rode in On\",\n \"text\": \"arrangements (\\\"One More River\\\" has been given an almost reggae beat, while \\\"Any Day Above Ground\\\" has an ironically funereal dirge about it). There are a couple of new tracks, \\\"The Euphonious Whale\\\" and \\\"How to Make Gravy\\\". This fascinating reimagining of a fantastic catalog of songs nicely reconnects with an artist who had entered the new century with the aggressiveness of \\\"Speedboats for Breakfast\\\". Not your typical 'hits' record, \\\"And the Horse You Rode in On\\\" is all the more entertaining for it.\\\" And the Horse You Rode in On And the Horse You Rode in On is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19401612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"In June 2008, Pendragon set up a protest camp on a byway near the monument, demanding free access to Stonehenge for everyone. He insisted that the fences surrounding the site should be removed, and that the two nearby A roads (the A344 and A303) should be closed or redirected. He occupied the byway for ten months, and obtained 8,000 signatures in support of his petition. On 24 April 2009, he was ordered by Salisbury County Court to dismantle his camp and leave, following complaints from Wiltshire Council that he was obstructing traffic. Pendragon defied the order. He finally ended his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The miller who was a wizard, a cheat and a matchmaker\",\n \"text\": \"written by the Bohemian composer, working in Russia, Arnošt Vančura (d. 1802). The opera is one of the few of its kind which survived in performance in Russia into the nineteenth century. A 1915 revival in Moscow included folksongs arranged by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and there was a further revival in Paris in 1929, edited by Nikolai Tcherepnin. The opera is set in a Russian village. Act I: The miller Fadei prospers by exploiting his reputation amongst the peasants as a wizard. Filimon, who has consulted him to find his lost horse, decides to ask his help in winning Anyuta, whose\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16207572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dragon's Call\",\n \"text\": \"The Dragon's Call \\\"The Dragon's Call\\\" is the first episode of the first series of the British fantasy-adventure family television series \\\"Merlin\\\". Written by Julian Jones and directed by James Hawes, the episode was first broadcast on BBC One on 20 September 2008. The episode tells the arrival of Merlin (Colin Morgan) as a young man in Camelot, where magic is banned by King Uther Pendragon (Anthony Head). Taken under the wing of Camelot's physician, Gaius (Richard Wilson), he is warned that he must keep his innate magical ability a secret. In Camelot, he meets Uther's heir, the arrogant Prince\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12513528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Excalibur (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the United States, eventually grossing $34,967,437 on a budget of around US$11 million to rank 18th in that year's receipts. The sorcerer Merlin retrieves Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake for Uther Pendragon, who secures a brief alliance with Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall. Uther's lust for Cornwall's wife Igrayne soon ruins the truce, and Merlin agrees to help Uther to seduce Igrayne on the condition that he gives Merlin whatever results from his lust. Merlin transforms Uther into Cornwall's likeness with the Charm of Making. Cornwall's daughter Morgana senses her father's mortal injury during his assault on Uther's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1858889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"be for developers and the less likely that such projects would be commissioned in future. In April 1996, contractors sought to evict the protesters from the camp. In one incident, a chauffeur-driven Jaguar was driven into Pendragon and other protesters in a hit and run attack; the owner was later revealed as a wealthy local with a financial stake in the development. Following the attack, the car was damaged when one Druid smashed its window with an axe. The chauffeur and its owner claimed that the attack was unprovoked and police decided to press charged. Pendragon and two other Druids\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)\",\n \"text\": \"was first published in 1938 as a single novel. It was later republished in 1958 as the first book of T. H. White's tetralogy \\\"The Once and Future King\\\". \\\"The Sword in the Stone\\\" was released to theaters on December 25, 1963 to mixed reviews, though it was a box office success. A live-action adaptation of the film directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo is scheduled to be released in 2019. The King of England, Uther Pendragon, dies. No heir to the throne is named, and England is threatened to be torn apart by war. Miraculously, the legendary \\\"Sword in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6859783\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wizard (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Wizard (horse) Wizard (1806 – 30 June 1813) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. He won seven of his ten races, with all his wins coming at Newmarket. In 1809 he won the 2000 Guineas Stakes, before finishing second in the Derby Stakes. The following year he won a match race against his Derby conqueror Pope. Throughout his racing career he was owned by Christopher Wilson and trained by Tom Perren. Wizard only stood as a stallion for two years before dying in an accident in 1813. His son Young Wizard won the Riddlesworth Stakes and was the runner-up in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16992574\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"protest on 19 May, after English Heritage announced plans to move a section of the A303 underground, and to create a new visitor centre about a mile-and-a-half away from the stones. In August 2011, Pendragon filed a High Court appeal calling for the cremated remains of more than forty bodies to be immediately reburied. The remains had been exhumed from a burial site at Stonehenge in 2008, to be studied at Sheffield University. The appeal was rejected. Pendragon has also voiced his opposition to English Heritage's plan to display three more sets of human remains at the new visitor centre,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ambrosius Aurelianus\",\n \"text\": \"the traditional warrior king, are used by Geoffrey for other characters. Ambrosius' supposed supernatural powers are passed to Merlin. Geoffrey's Aurelius Ambrosius rises to the throne but dies early, passing the throne to a previously unknown brother called Uther Pendragon. The role of warrior king is shared by Uther and his son Arthur. Geoffrey also uses the character Gloiu, father of Vitalinus/Vitolinus, derived from Nennius. He names this character as a son of Claudius and appointed by his father as Duke of the Welsh. His predecessor as Duke is called Arvirargus. Assuming that Claudius and Arvirargus are supposed to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And the Horse You Rode in On\",\n \"text\": \"And the Horse You Rode in On And the Horse You Rode in On is the seventh solo studio album by Australian singer/songwriter James Reyne released on 14 March 2005. It's an acoustic recording of songs taken from his earlier solo work and Australian Crawl songs. It includes two new tracks. Later digital editions renamed this album as \\\"Greatest Hits Acoustic\\\". Tomas Mureika of All Music said \\\"The songs are produced in such a way as to spotlight [Reyne's] inimitable voice. Most of the songs are done strictly acoustically, with just Reyne and a guitar, although some are given different\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19401611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Winter King (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"then appointed as Mordred's guardian and marries Norwenna. After Tewdric and Owain give their oaths as guardians, Morgan insists that Merlin will only take the oath if Arthur is appointed as a guardian, a demand Uther reluctantly accepts after Tewdric backs Morgan up. After Uther dies Mordred, still only a baby, is pronounced King of Dumnonia. He is not High King because that title can only be given to a king accepted as higher than the other British kings. Nor is he the Pendragon, as that title is only given to a High King who wins his rank in battle.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7877972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Morgan le Fay\",\n \"text\": \"is called Morcades, a name that R. S. Loomis argued was another variant of Morgan). At a young age, Morgan is sent to a convent after Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, aided by the half-demon Merlin, kills Gorlois and rapes and marries her mother, who later gives him a son, Arthur (which makes him Morgan's younger half-brother). There, Morgan masters the seven arts, and begins her study of magic, going on to specialize in \\\"astronomie\\\" (astronomy and astrology) and healing. The late addition known as the Vulgate \\\"Suite du Merlin\\\", besides describing Morgan's unmatched beauty and amazing voice, presents more of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2249088\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dragon's Call\",\n \"text\": \"of sorcery, by the order of King Uther Pendragon (Anthony Head), who has banned the practice of magic in his kingdom on pain of death. As soon as the man is beheaded, Uther declares to the watching crowd that he shall throw a festival to celebrate twenty years since he wiped out magic and magicians from the kingdom. When he finishes his announcements, a hideous old hag, Thomas' mother Mary (Eve Myles), swears revenge for the murder of her son, \\\"a son for a son!\\\", before vanishing to avoid arrest. The King's ward, Morgana (Katie McGrath), warns that Uther may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12513531\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Figure (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Figure (horse) Figure was a small bay stallion owned by Justin Morgan; he became the foundation sire of the Morgan horse breed. The stallion was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts in 1789. The small, dark colt is believed to have been sired by an English Thoroughbred stallion named \\\"True Briton\\\", also known as \\\"Beautiful Bay\\\" and \\\"Traveller\\\", which was foaled in 1768. Figure's dam was of \\\"Wild-Air\\\" breeding, sired by Diamond, foaled in 1784 in West Springfield. The dam was bred by Justin Morgan, for whom the breed is named. Figure is thought to have stood about 14 hh (1.42\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10760622\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Historia Regum Britanniae\",\n \"text\": \"they rise against him. He loses control of much of his land and encounters Merlin. At this point Geoffrey abruptly pauses his narrative by inserting a series of prophecies attributed to Merlin. Some of the prophecies act as an epitome of upcoming chapters of the \\\"Historia\\\", while others are veiled allusions to historical people and events of the Norman world in the 11th-12th centuries. The remainder are obscure. After Aurelius Ambrosius defeats and kills Vortigern, becoming king, Britain remains in a state of war under him and his brother Uther. They are both assisted by the wizard Merlin. At one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3198215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Uther Pendragon\",\n \"text\": \"to prevent revellers damaging the monument. In protest at this decision, every solstice a large group of New Age travellers, modern Pagans, hippies, and bikers assembled outside the police cordon surrounding the site. Each year, Pendragon was amongst the protest and every year he walked past the cordon and was arrested, after which he would spend the night in a cell of Salisbury Police Station. He joined the Council of British Druid Orders (COBOD), a group campaigning for open access to the site, and pushed for reform within the group. He successfully urged them to switch from a mandatory to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12064291\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["arthurian legend","king arthur's family tree","arthur pendragon","arthur legend","arthurian legend","arthurian legends","king arthur's family tree","king arthur","arthur eld","the arthurian legend","arthuriad","arthurian legends","king arthur","legend of king arthur","arthurian","arthurian lore","arthur of britain"],"string":"[\n \"arthurian legend\",\n \"king arthur's family tree\",\n \"arthur pendragon\",\n \"arthur legend\",\n \"arthurian legend\",\n \"arthurian legends\",\n \"king arthur's family tree\",\n \"king arthur\",\n \"arthur eld\",\n \"the arthurian legend\",\n \"arthuriad\",\n \"arthurian legends\",\n \"king arthur\",\n \"legend of king arthur\",\n \"arthurian\",\n \"arthurian lore\",\n \"arthur of britain\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78294,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"october 26, 1919 saw the birth of mohammed reza pahlavi, the last man to hold what title, as ruler of iran?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi","text":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (محمدرضاشاه Mohamad Rezā Ŝāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. Mohammad Reza Shah took the title \"Shahanshah\" (\"King of Kings\") on 26 October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of \"Aryamehr\" (\"Light of the Aryans\") and \"Bozorg Arteshtaran\" (\"Commander-in-Chief\"). His dream of what he referred to as","psg_id":"12643246"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (محمدرضاشاه Mohamad Rezā Ŝāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. Mohammad Reza Shah took the title \\\"Shahanshah\\\" (\\\"King of Kings\\\") on 26 October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of \\\"Aryamehr\\\" (\\\"Light of the Aryans\\\") and \\\"Bozorg Arteshtaran\\\" (\\\"Commander-in-Chief\\\"). His dream of what he referred to as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12643246\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Reza Pahlavi (; born 31 October 1960) is the last heir apparent to the defunct throne of the Imperial State of Iran and is the current head of the exiled House of Pahlavi. He is the older son of the late Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his third wife Farah Diba. Pahlavi is the founder and former leader of the self-styled National Council of Iran, an exiled opposition group, and is a prominent critic of Iran's Islamic Republic government. In September 2017, Pahlavi left his position as the leader of the National Council of Iran.","psg_id":"3019994"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"Iranian Radio and Television. The club performed in annual rallies organized on his birthday, which as a result identified the club with the Pahlavi's regime. Pahlavi is the owner of Medina Development Company. He and his company were engaged in a civil lawsuit against a family member in the 1990s culminating in a favorable judgment in May 1997. In November 2014, Pahlavi founded his own television and radio network called Ofogh Iran. In July 2017 it was reported that the Ofogh Iran International Media telethon no longer belongs to Reza Pahlavi. Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Reza Pahlavi (;","psg_id":"3020008"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"region and we have a whole generation of young Egyptians and Iranians not willing to take no for an answer\", he told \"The Daily Telegraph\". \"Democratisation is now an imperative that cannot be denied. It is only a matter of time before the whole region can transform itself.\" Pahlavi's book \"Winds of Change: The Future of Democracy in Iran\", in which he outlines possible scenarios for Iran's future, was published in 2002. Reza Pahlavi II is first in the line of succession to his late father, while his younger brother Ali-Reza Pahlavi II was second in line until he committed","psg_id":"3020001"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"eighth granddaughter of King Albert II of Belgium. When interviewed about religion, Pahlavi said, \"That's a private matter; but if you must know, I am, of course, by education and by conviction, a Shia Muslim. I am very much a man of faith.\" Iranian writer Reza Bayegan also notes that Crown Prince Reza is deeply attached to his Shi'a Muslim faith. He has performed the Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca. Pahlavi was a keen soccer player and spectator. He was fan of the capital's football club Esteghlal, then known as \"Taj\" () and his support was even televised by the National","psg_id":"3020007"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"Shahnaz Pahlavi (born 27 October 1941). Accepted into the Imperial Iranian Air Force as a junior officer following secondary schooling, he left Iran in 1977 at the age of 17 for air force flight training in the United States. He spent a year at Williams College in the United States, but was forced to leave because of the turmoil in Iran. With the monarchy overthrown and an Islamic Republic established, Pahlavi did not return to Iran. He obtained a BSc degree in political science by correspondence from the University of Southern California, because Williams did not offer that option. The","psg_id":"3019996"},{"title":"Abdul Reza Pahlavi","text":"Persian Wild Ass (Equus Hermionus) Alborz Red Sheep (Ovis Ammon Orientaliss) Asian Cheetah ( Acinonyx Jubatus) Persian Fallow Deer (Dama Mesopotamica) and Goitered Gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosia). Pahlavi was married to Pari Sima Pahlavi (née Zand) in Tehran on 12 October 1950. He had two children from this marriage: Kamyar (born 1952) and Sarvenaz Pahlavi (born 1955). Abdul Reza Pahlavi died in Florida on 11 May 2004. In addition to national honours, i.e., Grand Cross of the Order of Pahlavi, Pahlavi is the recipient of several foreign honours, including: Abdul Reza Pahlavi Abdul Reza Pahlavi (; 19 August 1924 – 11","psg_id":"16883341"},{"title":"Yasmine Pahlavi","text":"Yasmine Pahlavi Yasmine Pahlavi, Crown Princess of Iran (née Etemad-Amini, ; born 26 July 1968) is a lawyer and the wife of Reza Pahlavi, the last crown prince of the former Imperial State of Iran. Yasmine Etemad-Amini was born in Pars Hospital in Tehran, Iran, on July 26, 1968. She attended the private Tehran Community School in Tehran until the rising tensions in the late 1970s forced her family to leave Iran permanently. They settled in the San Francisco area in California where she attended and matriculated Notre Dame High School. She is a graduate of George Washington University, obtaining","psg_id":"6340237"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"suicide in 2011. His first cousin Prince Patrick Ali Pahlavi is now next in line to the throne. A report published by the Brookings Institution in 2009 said that Pahlavi lacks an organized following within Iran since there is no serious monarchist movement in Iran itself. The report described Pahlavi as having \"little in common with the intellectuals and students who make up the core of the reform movement\". However, during 2017–18 Iranian protests, some demonstrators chanted slogans in favor of Pahlavi's grandfather and called for his return. After the January 2018 protests, and Donald Trump's anti–Iran rhetoric, Pahlavi and","psg_id":"3020002"},{"title":"Abdul Reza Pahlavi","text":"plan. He was the head of the planning organization between 1954 and 1955. He served as the chairman of the Harvard-affiliated Iran centre for management studies from 1969 to 1979. He also headed the wildlife conservation high council and international council for game and wildlife conservation. He was also part of the Royal Council that ruled Iran during the international visits of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi also dealt with business, being wholly or partly the owner of factories, mining operations and agricultural firms. In addition, he dealt with environmental affairs during that time. He left Iran before the 1979 revolution","psg_id":"16883338"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"Crown Prince successfully completed the United States Air Force's Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) Program at the former Reese Air Force Base in Lubbock, Texas. Shortly thereafter, at the start of the Iran–Iraq War, Pahlavi wrote to General Valiollah Fallahi, Chief Commander of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic, offering to fly and fight as a pilot for the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force. His offer was rebuffed. On the death of his father on 27 July 1980, Pahlavi became the Head of the House of Pahlavi. Following in a line of Persian dynasties stretching back 3,000 years, the","psg_id":"3019997"},{"title":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi","text":"exchange for a sugar cube, known in Iran as \"habbe kardan\". However shortly after obtaining the wealth Mohammad Reza was ordered by his father and then king to transfer a million toman ($500,000) to each of his siblings. By 1958 it was estimated that the companies possessed by Mohammad Reza had a value of $157 million (in 1958 USD) with an estimated additional $100 million saved outside Iran. Rumours of his and his family's corruption began to surface which greatly damaged his reputation. This formed one of the reasons for the creation of the Pahlavi Foundation and the distribution of","psg_id":"12643441"},{"title":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi","text":"openly unfaithful, often being seen driving around Tehran in one of his expensive cars with one of his girlfriends. Mohammad Reza's dominating and extremely possessive mother saw her daughter-in-law as a rival to her son's love, and took to humiliating Princess Fawzia, whose husband sided with his mother. A quiet, shy woman, Fawzia described her marriage as miserable, feeling very much unwanted and unloved by the Pahlavi family and longing to go back to Egypt. In his 1961 book \"Mission For My Country\", Mohammad Reza wrote the \"only happy light moment\" of his entire marriage to Fawzia was the birth","psg_id":"12643271"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"a democratic and secular Iranian government. According to Reza Bayegan, Pahlavi believes in the separation of religion from politics. However, he avoids the \"Islam bashing\" that Bayegan writes occurs in some circles of the Iranian opposition. Rather, he believes that religion has a humanizing and ethical role in shaping individual character and infusing society with greater purpose. In February 2011, after violence erupted in Tehran, Pahlavi said that Iran's youth were determined to get rid of an authoritarian government tainted by corruption and misrule in the hope of installing a democracy. \"Fundamental and necessary change is long overdue for our","psg_id":"3020000"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"met director William J. Casey and received a monthly stipend, citing Pahlavi's financial advisor and other observers. Freedman also connects his residence in Great Falls, Virginia to its close distance from the vicinity of George Bush Center for Intelligence, headquarters of the service. Pahlavi denied receiving U.S. government aid or any foreign aid. In an interview with \"The New York Times\", Pahlavi said \"No, no. I don't rely on any sources other than my own compatriots.\" He has also denied allegations of working with the CIA, calling the allegations \"absolutely and unequivocally false\". Reza married Yasmine Etemad-Amini on 12 June","psg_id":"3020005"},{"title":"Ali-Reza Pahlavi","text":"that his wish was to be cremated and for his ashes to be scattered in the Caspian Sea. On 23 January 2011, an official memorial was held in The Music Center at Strathmore in Bethesda, Maryland. The memorial was attended by the former Iranian royal family and thousands of Iranians. On 26 July 2011 a daughter, Iryana Leila, was born to Alireza's girlfriend Raha Didevar. His mother Farah Pahlavi confirmed that Iryana Leila is a full member of the Pahlavi house. Ali-Reza Pahlavi Prince Alireza Pahlavi (; 28 April 1966 – 4 January 2011) was a member of the Pahlavi","psg_id":"5390065"},{"title":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi","text":"charges, in his book \"Answer to History\", Pahlavi affirms that he \"never made the slightest profit\" out of the Foundation. In a 1974 interview which was shown in a documentary titled \"Crisis in Iran\", Mohammad Reza told Mike Wallace that the rumours of corruption were \"the most unjust thing that I have heard,\" calling them a \"cheap accusation\" whilst arguing the allegations were not as serious as those regarding other governments, including that of the United States. In November 1978, after Pahlavi dismissed Prime Minister Jafar Sharif-Emami and appointed a military government, he pledged in a televised address \"not to","psg_id":"12643443"},{"title":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi","text":"minister Jafar Sharif-Emami and give in to the teachers after learning that the Army probably would not fire on the demonstrators. In 1961, Bakhtiar was dismissed as chief of SAVAK and expelled from Iran in 1962 following a clash between demonstrating university students and the army on 21 January 1962 that left three dead. In April 1962, when Mohammad Reza visited Washington, he was met with demonstrations by Iranian students at American universities, which he believed were organised by U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who was the leading anti-Pahlavi voice in the Kennedy administration. Afterwards, Mohammad Reza visited London. In","psg_id":"12643321"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"wrote in 1986 that the Reagan administration authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to support and fund Iranian exiles, including Pahlavi. The agency transmitted his 11-minute speech during which he vowed \"I will return\" to Iranian television by pirating its frequency. The Tower Commission report, published in 1987, acknowledged that the CIA was behind this event. In 2006, Connie Bruck of \"The New Yorker\" wrote that \"Pahlavi had CIA funding for a number of years in the eighties, but it ended after the Iran-Contra scandal\". Andrew Freedman of Haverford College states that Pahlavi began cooperation with the CIA after he","psg_id":"3020004"},{"title":"Princess Noor Pahlavi","text":"Princess Noor Pahlavi Noor Pahlavi of Iran (, born 3 April 1992) is an American socialite, model, and real estate businesswoman. She is the oldest child of exiled Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran and Yasmine Etemad-Amini. She was the first immediate family member of the Pahlavi dynasty to be born outside of Iran. Noor Pahlavi of Iran was born on 3 April 1992 in Washington, D.C. to Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran and Yasmine Etemad-Amini. She was the first immediate family member of the Imperial family of Iran to be born outside of Iran, although her distant cousin","psg_id":"9276962"},{"title":"Abdul Reza Pahlavi","text":"Hamid Reza Pahlavi. They lived in the Marble palace in Tehran with their parents. When his father exiled, he accompanied him in Mauritius and then in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 1941 to 1944. During this period there were rumors that the Allies had been planning to install Abdul Reza as king instead of his elder brother Mohammad Reza. He studied business administration at Harvard University and graduated in 1947. During the reign of his half-brother, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Abdul Reza headed different institutions, On 3 September 1949 he was named honorary head of the supreme planning board of Iran's seven-year","psg_id":"16883337"},{"title":"Mohammed Reza Shirazi","text":"Mohammed Reza Shirazi Ayatollah Mohammed Reza Shirazi (Arabic: السيد محمد رضا الحسيني الشيرازي, Persian: سید محمدرضا شیرازی) was an Iraqi-Iranian Shiite cleric (\"Ayatollah\"), and the son of the late Grand Ayatollah Sayed Mohammad Hussaini Shirazi, and a relative of Grand Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi. He was born in 1959 in Karbala, Iraq, and migrated to Kuwait in 1971. He then went to Qom, Iran. He studied in seminaries of Karbala and Qom. He also taught in the Seminary of Qom, Iran. His uncles were: Ayatollah Hassan Hussaini Shirazi, Grand Ayatollah Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi and Ayatollah Mujtaba Hussaini Shirazi Eminent teachers","psg_id":"14923352"},{"title":"Patrick Ali Pahlavi","text":"Patrick Ali Pahlavi Patrick Ali Pahlavi (; born 1 September 1947) is a member of the deposed Pahlavi dynasty of Iran and was heir presumptive from 1954 to 1960. According to the former constitution of Iran, he became first in the line of succession to the throne after Ali-Reza Pahlavi II committed suicide in 2011; his cousin Prince Reza Pahlavi is the head of the dynasty. Born in Paris, Patrick Ali Pahlavi is a son of Prince Ali Reza Pahlavi and his wife Christiane Cholewski, a Frenchwoman, of Polish descent (although no record of his parents' 20 November 1946 wedding","psg_id":"13536909"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"secular, and human rights should be respected. Whether the form of government would be that of a constitutional monarchy or a republic is something that he would like to leave up to the people of Iran. Pahlavi has used his high profile as an Iranian abroad to campaign for human rights, democracy and unity among Iranians in and outside Iran. On his website he calls for a separation of religion and state in Iran and for free and fair elections \"for all freedom-loving individuals and political ideologies\". He exhorts all groups dedicated to a democratic agenda to work together for","psg_id":"3019999"},{"title":"Ali-Reza Pahlavi","text":"Minister of Women's Affairs, told the BBC World Service that Pahlavi and his family being forced into exile in 1979 was very \"traumatic\" for him and that he had experienced a \"loss of identity\" in exile. Alireza's sister, Leila Pahlavi also had committed suicide—in June 2001. Close family friends say that Alireza became very depressed after the death of his sister to whom he was very close. He is survived by his mother, Farah Pahlavi, his older brother Reza, his sister Farahnaz, half-sister Shahnaz and daughter Iryana Leila Pahlavi, who was born after his death. His brother Reza Pahlavi said","psg_id":"5390064"},{"title":"Princess Noor Pahlavi","text":"Patrick Ali Pahlavi, a descendant of a cadet line, was born in Paris in 1947. Her father is the last heir apparent of the defunct throne of the Imperial State of Iran and current head of the House of Pahlavi. Her paternal grandparents, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Diba, were the last Emperor and Empress of Iran. She has two younger sisters, Princess Iman and Princess Farah. She attended The Bullis School in Potomac, Maryland, graduating in 2010. She graduated from Georgetown University in 2014 with a bachelor of arts degree in psychology. Pahlavi works as the director of fundraising","psg_id":"9276963"},{"title":"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran","text":"pro–monarchy sentiment experienced a resurgence in Iran. Pahlavi enjoys wide popularity with the older generation of Iranian expatriates that left Iran at the time of the 1979 revolution and with some people in Iran. In 2006, Connie Bruck of \"The New Yorker\" wrote that Los Angeles is home to about 600,000 Iranian expatriates, and said it was a monarchist stronghold. A 2013 survey of Iranian-Americans conducted by George Mason University's Center for Social Science Research found that 79% of respondents did not support any Iranian opposition groups or figures. Of the 15% that did, only 20% supported him. Bob Woodward","psg_id":"3020003"},{"title":"Farah Pahlavi","text":"such as IDFA and Sundance. In 2012 the Dutch director Kees Roorda made a theater play inspired by the life of Farah Pahlavi in exile. In the play Liz Snoijink acted as Farah Diba. |- Farah Pahlavi Farah Pahlavi (, née Farah Diba ; born 14 October 1938) is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the exiled \"shahbanu\" (empress) of Iran. Farah Diba was born on 14 October 1938 in Tehran to an upper-class family. Born as Farah Diba, she was the only child of Captain Sohrab Diba (1899–1948) and his wife, Farideh Ghotbi (1920–2000). Farah's father's family is","psg_id":"15359925"},{"title":"Shahbanu","text":"to distinguish her from the other queens in the royal household. Farah Pahlavi sometimes continues to be referred to as Shahbanu, as is customarily done internationally for titleholders associated with abolished monarchies, but the title is no longer valid in Iran. According to pre-revolutionary rules, Yasmine Pahlavi, Crown Princess of Iran, would currently hold this title. Shahbanu Shahbanu ( \"Šahbānū\" lit. \"King's Lady\") was the title for queen consort in Persian and other Iranian languages. The two Sassanian empresses, Purandokht and Azarmidokht, c. 630, were the last two that carried the title before Farah Pahlavi, the wife of Mohammad Reza","psg_id":"2439328"},{"title":"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi","text":"additional land to the people of some 2,000 villages inherited by his father, often at very low and discounted prices. In 1958, using funds from inherited crown estates, Mohammad Reza established the Pahlavi Foundation which functioned as a tax-exempt charity and held all his assets, including 830 villages spanning a total area of 2.5 million hectares. According to Business Insider, Mohammad Reza had set up the organisation \"to pursue Iran's charitable interests in the U.S.\" At its height, the organisation was estimated to be worth $3 billion, however, on numerous occasions, the Pahlavi Foundation was accused of corruption. Despite these","psg_id":"12643442"},{"title":"Farah Pahlavi","text":"Farah Pahlavi Farah Pahlavi (, née Farah Diba ; born 14 October 1938) is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the exiled \"shahbanu\" (empress) of Iran. Farah Diba was born on 14 October 1938 in Tehran to an upper-class family. Born as Farah Diba, she was the only child of Captain Sohrab Diba (1899–1948) and his wife, Farideh Ghotbi (1920–2000). Farah's father's family is of Iranian Azerbaijani origin. In her memoir, the former Shahbanu writes that her father's family were natives of Iranian Azerbaijan while her mother's family were of Gilak origin, from Lahijan on the Iranian coast of","psg_id":"15359894"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Reza Pahlavi (; born 31 October 1960) is the last heir apparent to the defunct throne of the Imperial State of Iran and is the current head of the exiled House of Pahlavi. He is the older son of the late Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his third wife Farah Diba. Pahlavi is the founder and former leader of the self-styled National Council of Iran, an exiled opposition group, and is a prominent critic of Iran's Islamic Republic government. In September 2017, Pahlavi left his position as the leader of the National Council of Iran.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3019994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Iranian Radio and Television. The club performed in annual rallies organized on his birthday, which as a result identified the club with the Pahlavi's regime. Pahlavi is the owner of Medina Development Company. He and his company were engaged in a civil lawsuit against a family member in the 1990s culminating in a favorable judgment in May 1997. In November 2014, Pahlavi founded his own television and radio network called Ofogh Iran. In July 2017 it was reported that the Ofogh Iran International Media telethon no longer belongs to Reza Pahlavi. Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Reza Pahlavi (;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"region and we have a whole generation of young Egyptians and Iranians not willing to take no for an answer\\\", he told \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\". \\\"Democratisation is now an imperative that cannot be denied. It is only a matter of time before the whole region can transform itself.\\\" Pahlavi's book \\\"Winds of Change: The Future of Democracy in Iran\\\", in which he outlines possible scenarios for Iran's future, was published in 2002. Reza Pahlavi II is first in the line of succession to his late father, while his younger brother Ali-Reza Pahlavi II was second in line until he committed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"eighth granddaughter of King Albert II of Belgium. When interviewed about religion, Pahlavi said, \\\"That's a private matter; but if you must know, I am, of course, by education and by conviction, a Shia Muslim. I am very much a man of faith.\\\" Iranian writer Reza Bayegan also notes that Crown Prince Reza is deeply attached to his Shi'a Muslim faith. He has performed the Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca. Pahlavi was a keen soccer player and spectator. He was fan of the capital's football club Esteghlal, then known as \\\"Taj\\\" () and his support was even televised by the National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Shahnaz Pahlavi (born 27 October 1941). Accepted into the Imperial Iranian Air Force as a junior officer following secondary schooling, he left Iran in 1977 at the age of 17 for air force flight training in the United States. He spent a year at Williams College in the United States, but was forced to leave because of the turmoil in Iran. With the monarchy overthrown and an Islamic Republic established, Pahlavi did not return to Iran. He obtained a BSc degree in political science by correspondence from the University of Southern California, because Williams did not offer that option. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3019996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abdul Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Persian Wild Ass (Equus Hermionus) Alborz Red Sheep (Ovis Ammon Orientaliss) Asian Cheetah ( Acinonyx Jubatus) Persian Fallow Deer (Dama Mesopotamica) and Goitered Gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosia). Pahlavi was married to Pari Sima Pahlavi (née Zand) in Tehran on 12 October 1950. He had two children from this marriage: Kamyar (born 1952) and Sarvenaz Pahlavi (born 1955). Abdul Reza Pahlavi died in Florida on 11 May 2004. In addition to national honours, i.e., Grand Cross of the Order of Pahlavi, Pahlavi is the recipient of several foreign honours, including: Abdul Reza Pahlavi Abdul Reza Pahlavi (; 19 August 1924 – 11\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16883341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yasmine Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Yasmine Pahlavi Yasmine Pahlavi, Crown Princess of Iran (née Etemad-Amini, ; born 26 July 1968) is a lawyer and the wife of Reza Pahlavi, the last crown prince of the former Imperial State of Iran. Yasmine Etemad-Amini was born in Pars Hospital in Tehran, Iran, on July 26, 1968. She attended the private Tehran Community School in Tehran until the rising tensions in the late 1970s forced her family to leave Iran permanently. They settled in the San Francisco area in California where she attended and matriculated Notre Dame High School. She is a graduate of George Washington University, obtaining\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6340237\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"suicide in 2011. His first cousin Prince Patrick Ali Pahlavi is now next in line to the throne. A report published by the Brookings Institution in 2009 said that Pahlavi lacks an organized following within Iran since there is no serious monarchist movement in Iran itself. The report described Pahlavi as having \\\"little in common with the intellectuals and students who make up the core of the reform movement\\\". However, during 2017–18 Iranian protests, some demonstrators chanted slogans in favor of Pahlavi's grandfather and called for his return. After the January 2018 protests, and Donald Trump's anti–Iran rhetoric, Pahlavi and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abdul Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"plan. He was the head of the planning organization between 1954 and 1955. He served as the chairman of the Harvard-affiliated Iran centre for management studies from 1969 to 1979. He also headed the wildlife conservation high council and international council for game and wildlife conservation. He was also part of the Royal Council that ruled Iran during the international visits of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi also dealt with business, being wholly or partly the owner of factories, mining operations and agricultural firms. In addition, he dealt with environmental affairs during that time. He left Iran before the 1979 revolution\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16883338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"Crown Prince successfully completed the United States Air Force's Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) Program at the former Reese Air Force Base in Lubbock, Texas. Shortly thereafter, at the start of the Iran–Iraq War, Pahlavi wrote to General Valiollah Fallahi, Chief Commander of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic, offering to fly and fight as a pilot for the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force. His offer was rebuffed. On the death of his father on 27 July 1980, Pahlavi became the Head of the House of Pahlavi. Following in a line of Persian dynasties stretching back 3,000 years, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3019997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"exchange for a sugar cube, known in Iran as \\\"habbe kardan\\\". However shortly after obtaining the wealth Mohammad Reza was ordered by his father and then king to transfer a million toman ($500,000) to each of his siblings. By 1958 it was estimated that the companies possessed by Mohammad Reza had a value of $157 million (in 1958 USD) with an estimated additional $100 million saved outside Iran. Rumours of his and his family's corruption began to surface which greatly damaged his reputation. This formed one of the reasons for the creation of the Pahlavi Foundation and the distribution of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12643441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"openly unfaithful, often being seen driving around Tehran in one of his expensive cars with one of his girlfriends. Mohammad Reza's dominating and extremely possessive mother saw her daughter-in-law as a rival to her son's love, and took to humiliating Princess Fawzia, whose husband sided with his mother. A quiet, shy woman, Fawzia described her marriage as miserable, feeling very much unwanted and unloved by the Pahlavi family and longing to go back to Egypt. In his 1961 book \\\"Mission For My Country\\\", Mohammad Reza wrote the \\\"only happy light moment\\\" of his entire marriage to Fawzia was the birth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12643271\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"a democratic and secular Iranian government. According to Reza Bayegan, Pahlavi believes in the separation of religion from politics. However, he avoids the \\\"Islam bashing\\\" that Bayegan writes occurs in some circles of the Iranian opposition. Rather, he believes that religion has a humanizing and ethical role in shaping individual character and infusing society with greater purpose. In February 2011, after violence erupted in Tehran, Pahlavi said that Iran's youth were determined to get rid of an authoritarian government tainted by corruption and misrule in the hope of installing a democracy. \\\"Fundamental and necessary change is long overdue for our\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"met director William J. Casey and received a monthly stipend, citing Pahlavi's financial advisor and other observers. Freedman also connects his residence in Great Falls, Virginia to its close distance from the vicinity of George Bush Center for Intelligence, headquarters of the service. Pahlavi denied receiving U.S. government aid or any foreign aid. In an interview with \\\"The New York Times\\\", Pahlavi said \\\"No, no. I don't rely on any sources other than my own compatriots.\\\" He has also denied allegations of working with the CIA, calling the allegations \\\"absolutely and unequivocally false\\\". Reza married Yasmine Etemad-Amini on 12 June\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020005\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ali-Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"that his wish was to be cremated and for his ashes to be scattered in the Caspian Sea. On 23 January 2011, an official memorial was held in The Music Center at Strathmore in Bethesda, Maryland. The memorial was attended by the former Iranian royal family and thousands of Iranians. On 26 July 2011 a daughter, Iryana Leila, was born to Alireza's girlfriend Raha Didevar. His mother Farah Pahlavi confirmed that Iryana Leila is a full member of the Pahlavi house. Ali-Reza Pahlavi Prince Alireza Pahlavi (; 28 April 1966 – 4 January 2011) was a member of the Pahlavi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5390065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"charges, in his book \\\"Answer to History\\\", Pahlavi affirms that he \\\"never made the slightest profit\\\" out of the Foundation. In a 1974 interview which was shown in a documentary titled \\\"Crisis in Iran\\\", Mohammad Reza told Mike Wallace that the rumours of corruption were \\\"the most unjust thing that I have heard,\\\" calling them a \\\"cheap accusation\\\" whilst arguing the allegations were not as serious as those regarding other governments, including that of the United States. In November 1978, after Pahlavi dismissed Prime Minister Jafar Sharif-Emami and appointed a military government, he pledged in a televised address \\\"not to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12643443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"minister Jafar Sharif-Emami and give in to the teachers after learning that the Army probably would not fire on the demonstrators. In 1961, Bakhtiar was dismissed as chief of SAVAK and expelled from Iran in 1962 following a clash between demonstrating university students and the army on 21 January 1962 that left three dead. In April 1962, when Mohammad Reza visited Washington, he was met with demonstrations by Iranian students at American universities, which he believed were organised by U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who was the leading anti-Pahlavi voice in the Kennedy administration. Afterwards, Mohammad Reza visited London. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12643321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"wrote in 1986 that the Reagan administration authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to support and fund Iranian exiles, including Pahlavi. The agency transmitted his 11-minute speech during which he vowed \\\"I will return\\\" to Iranian television by pirating its frequency. The Tower Commission report, published in 1987, acknowledged that the CIA was behind this event. In 2006, Connie Bruck of \\\"The New Yorker\\\" wrote that \\\"Pahlavi had CIA funding for a number of years in the eighties, but it ended after the Iran-Contra scandal\\\". Andrew Freedman of Haverford College states that Pahlavi began cooperation with the CIA after he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020004\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Princess Noor Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Princess Noor Pahlavi Noor Pahlavi of Iran (, born 3 April 1992) is an American socialite, model, and real estate businesswoman. She is the oldest child of exiled Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran and Yasmine Etemad-Amini. She was the first immediate family member of the Pahlavi dynasty to be born outside of Iran. Noor Pahlavi of Iran was born on 3 April 1992 in Washington, D.C. to Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran and Yasmine Etemad-Amini. She was the first immediate family member of the Imperial family of Iran to be born outside of Iran, although her distant cousin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9276962\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abdul Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Hamid Reza Pahlavi. They lived in the Marble palace in Tehran with their parents. When his father exiled, he accompanied him in Mauritius and then in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 1941 to 1944. During this period there were rumors that the Allies had been planning to install Abdul Reza as king instead of his elder brother Mohammad Reza. He studied business administration at Harvard University and graduated in 1947. During the reign of his half-brother, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Abdul Reza headed different institutions, On 3 September 1949 he was named honorary head of the supreme planning board of Iran's seven-year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16883337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammed Reza Shirazi\",\n \"text\": \"Mohammed Reza Shirazi Ayatollah Mohammed Reza Shirazi (Arabic: السيد محمد رضا الحسيني الشيرازي, Persian: سید محمدرضا شیرازی) was an Iraqi-Iranian Shiite cleric (\\\"Ayatollah\\\"), and the son of the late Grand Ayatollah Sayed Mohammad Hussaini Shirazi, and a relative of Grand Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi. He was born in 1959 in Karbala, Iraq, and migrated to Kuwait in 1971. He then went to Qom, Iran. He studied in seminaries of Karbala and Qom. He also taught in the Seminary of Qom, Iran. His uncles were: Ayatollah Hassan Hussaini Shirazi, Grand Ayatollah Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi and Ayatollah Mujtaba Hussaini Shirazi Eminent teachers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14923352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patrick Ali Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Ali Pahlavi Patrick Ali Pahlavi (; born 1 September 1947) is a member of the deposed Pahlavi dynasty of Iran and was heir presumptive from 1954 to 1960. According to the former constitution of Iran, he became first in the line of succession to the throne after Ali-Reza Pahlavi II committed suicide in 2011; his cousin Prince Reza Pahlavi is the head of the dynasty. Born in Paris, Patrick Ali Pahlavi is a son of Prince Ali Reza Pahlavi and his wife Christiane Cholewski, a Frenchwoman, of Polish descent (although no record of his parents' 20 November 1946 wedding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13536909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"secular, and human rights should be respected. Whether the form of government would be that of a constitutional monarchy or a republic is something that he would like to leave up to the people of Iran. Pahlavi has used his high profile as an Iranian abroad to campaign for human rights, democracy and unity among Iranians in and outside Iran. On his website he calls for a separation of religion and state in Iran and for free and fair elections \\\"for all freedom-loving individuals and political ideologies\\\". He exhorts all groups dedicated to a democratic agenda to work together for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3019999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ali-Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Minister of Women's Affairs, told the BBC World Service that Pahlavi and his family being forced into exile in 1979 was very \\\"traumatic\\\" for him and that he had experienced a \\\"loss of identity\\\" in exile. Alireza's sister, Leila Pahlavi also had committed suicide—in June 2001. Close family friends say that Alireza became very depressed after the death of his sister to whom he was very close. He is survived by his mother, Farah Pahlavi, his older brother Reza, his sister Farahnaz, half-sister Shahnaz and daughter Iryana Leila Pahlavi, who was born after his death. His brother Reza Pahlavi said\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5390064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Princess Noor Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Ali Pahlavi, a descendant of a cadet line, was born in Paris in 1947. Her father is the last heir apparent of the defunct throne of the Imperial State of Iran and current head of the House of Pahlavi. Her paternal grandparents, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Diba, were the last Emperor and Empress of Iran. She has two younger sisters, Princess Iman and Princess Farah. She attended The Bullis School in Potomac, Maryland, graduating in 2010. She graduated from Georgetown University in 2014 with a bachelor of arts degree in psychology. Pahlavi works as the director of fundraising\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9276963\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran\",\n \"text\": \"pro–monarchy sentiment experienced a resurgence in Iran. Pahlavi enjoys wide popularity with the older generation of Iranian expatriates that left Iran at the time of the 1979 revolution and with some people in Iran. In 2006, Connie Bruck of \\\"The New Yorker\\\" wrote that Los Angeles is home to about 600,000 Iranian expatriates, and said it was a monarchist stronghold. A 2013 survey of Iranian-Americans conducted by George Mason University's Center for Social Science Research found that 79% of respondents did not support any Iranian opposition groups or figures. Of the 15% that did, only 20% supported him. Bob Woodward\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3020003\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Farah Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"such as IDFA and Sundance. In 2012 the Dutch director Kees Roorda made a theater play inspired by the life of Farah Pahlavi in exile. In the play Liz Snoijink acted as Farah Diba. |- Farah Pahlavi Farah Pahlavi (, née Farah Diba ; born 14 October 1938) is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the exiled \\\"shahbanu\\\" (empress) of Iran. Farah Diba was born on 14 October 1938 in Tehran to an upper-class family. Born as Farah Diba, she was the only child of Captain Sohrab Diba (1899–1948) and his wife, Farideh Ghotbi (1920–2000). Farah's father's family is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15359925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shahbanu\",\n \"text\": \"to distinguish her from the other queens in the royal household. Farah Pahlavi sometimes continues to be referred to as Shahbanu, as is customarily done internationally for titleholders associated with abolished monarchies, but the title is no longer valid in Iran. According to pre-revolutionary rules, Yasmine Pahlavi, Crown Princess of Iran, would currently hold this title. Shahbanu Shahbanu ( \\\"Šahbānū\\\" lit. \\\"King's Lady\\\") was the title for queen consort in Persian and other Iranian languages. The two Sassanian empresses, Purandokht and Azarmidokht, c. 630, were the last two that carried the title before Farah Pahlavi, the wife of Mohammad Reza\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2439328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"additional land to the people of some 2,000 villages inherited by his father, often at very low and discounted prices. In 1958, using funds from inherited crown estates, Mohammad Reza established the Pahlavi Foundation which functioned as a tax-exempt charity and held all his assets, including 830 villages spanning a total area of 2.5 million hectares. According to Business Insider, Mohammad Reza had set up the organisation \\\"to pursue Iran's charitable interests in the U.S.\\\" At its height, the organisation was estimated to be worth $3 billion, however, on numerous occasions, the Pahlavi Foundation was accused of corruption. Despite these\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12643442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Farah Pahlavi\",\n \"text\": \"Farah Pahlavi Farah Pahlavi (, née Farah Diba ; born 14 October 1938) is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the exiled \\\"shahbanu\\\" (empress) of Iran. Farah Diba was born on 14 October 1938 in Tehran to an upper-class family. Born as Farah Diba, she was the only child of Captain Sohrab Diba (1899–1948) and his wife, Farideh Ghotbi (1920–2000). Farah's father's family is of Iranian Azerbaijani origin. In her memoir, the former Shahbanu writes that her father's family were natives of Iranian Azerbaijan while her mother's family were of Gilak origin, from Lahijan on the Iranian coast of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15359894\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["shah-en-shah","shah-i-bangalah","shah family","shah bahadur","shah-en-shah","shāhanshāh","shahs","shahanshahs","khudavendigar","shahzadi","shah-an-shah","choresmshah","shahanshah","shah (royal title)","shah-i-buland iqbal","shah","huenkar","shāh","shah-an-shah"],"string":"[\n \"shah-en-shah\",\n \"shah-i-bangalah\",\n \"shah family\",\n \"shah bahadur\",\n \"shah-en-shah\",\n \"shāhanshāh\",\n \"shahs\",\n \"shahanshahs\",\n \"khudavendigar\",\n \"shahzadi\",\n \"shah-an-shah\",\n \"choresmshah\",\n \"shahanshah\",\n \"shah (royal title)\",\n \"shah-i-buland iqbal\",\n \"shah\",\n \"huenkar\",\n \"shāh\",\n \"shah-an-shah\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78295,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"there are 5 current members of the un security council. for a point each, name them."},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are","psg_id":"16658646"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are","psg_id":"16658639"},{"title":"Kazakhstan's membership in the United Nations Security Council","text":"particular such threats like terrorism growth, illegal drugs production, human trafficking, and also the presence of \"Islamic State\" and Al-Qaida. The UN Security Council is a standing body of the United Nations, which is entrusted with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council consists of 15 members, 5 of which are permanent (United Kingdom, China, Russia, United States, France), and 10 are non-permanent, elected by the UN General Assembly for a two-year period for 5 countries each year. In 2017, non-permanent members of the UN Security Council include Bolivia, Egypt, Italy, Kazakhstan, Senegal,","psg_id":"20700598"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"by their respective groups. Japan was elected for eleven two-year terms, Brazil for ten terms, and Germany for three terms. India has been elected to the council seven times in total, with the most recent successful bid being in 2010 after a gap of almost twenty years since 1991–92. In 2013, the P5 and G4 members of the UN Security Council accounted for eight of the world's ten largest defence budgets, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The following are the heads of state and government that represent the permanent members of the UN Security Council :","psg_id":"16658645"},{"title":"UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea","text":"UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea The UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea (formally named Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718) is a subsidiary body established in 2006 by the UN Security Council's resolution 1718 in response to North Korea's first nuclear test and its other nuclear proliferation efforts. Resolution 1718 imposed a series of economic sanctions on the DPRK and established a committee to gather more information, specify the sanctions, monitor them, and issue recommendations. The Committee's responsibilities have broadened as subsequent resolutions expanded and strengthened sanctions, which include an arms embargo, a","psg_id":"20132885"},{"title":"1976 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1976 United Nations Security Council election The 1976 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 October 1976 during the Thirty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, India, Mauritius, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1977. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting","psg_id":"16885474"},{"title":"1973 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1973 United Nations Security Council election The 1973 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1973 during the Twenty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Byelorussian SSR, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Iraq, and Mauritania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1974. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member","psg_id":"17674065"},{"title":"1969 United Nations Security Council election","text":"ballot papers. Source: 1969 United Nations Security Council election The 1969 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1969 during the Twenty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Burundi, Nicaragua, Poland, Sierra Leone, and Syria, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1970. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A","psg_id":"17672254"},{"title":"1969 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1969 United Nations Security Council election The 1969 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1969 during the Twenty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Burundi, Nicaragua, Poland, Sierra Leone, and Syria, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1970. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may","psg_id":"17672251"},{"title":"1982 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1982 United Nations Security Council election The 1982 United Nations Security Council election was held on 19 October 1982 during the Thirty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Malta, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Pakistan, and Zimbabwe, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1983. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not","psg_id":"16897177"},{"title":"1985 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1985 United Nations Security Council election The 1985 United Nations Security Council election was held on 17 October 1985 during the Fortieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bulgaria, Congo, Ghana, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1986. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member","psg_id":"16876025"},{"title":"1993 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1993 United Nations Security Council election The 1993 United Nations Security Council election was held on 29 October 1993 during the Forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, the Czech Republic, Nigeria, Oman, and Rwanda, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1994. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may","psg_id":"16373325"},{"title":"1966 United Nations Security Council election","text":"were invalidated. 1966 United Nations Security Council election The 1966 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 November 1966 during the Twenty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Ethiopia, and India, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1967. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may","psg_id":"17687882"},{"title":"1966 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1966 United Nations Security Council election The 1966 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 November 1966 during the Twenty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Ethiopia, and India, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1967. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17687879"},{"title":"1967 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1967 United Nations Security Council election The 1967 United Nations Security Council election was held on 6 November 1967 during the Twenty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Hungary, Pakistan, Paraguay, and Senegal, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1968. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17687546"},{"title":"1974 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1974 United Nations Security Council election The 1974 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 October 1974 during the Twenty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guyana, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and Tanzania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1975. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17673979"},{"title":"1968 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1968 United Nations Security Council election The 1968 United Nations Security Council election was held on 1 November 1968 during the Twenty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Colombia, Finland, Nepal, Spain, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1969. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17672909"},{"title":"1970 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1970 United Nations Security Council election The 1970 United Nations Security Council election was held on 26 October 1970 during the Twenty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and Somalia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1971. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17672112"},{"title":"1971 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1971 United Nations Security Council election The 1971 United Nations Security Council election was held on 23 November 1971 during the Twenty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guinea, India, Panama, Sudan, and Yugoslavia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1972. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17671904"},{"title":"1972 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1972 United Nations Security Council election The 1972 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1972 during the Twenty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Australia, Austria, Indonesia, Kenya, and Peru, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1973. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"17671832"},{"title":"1977 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1977 United Nations Security Council election The 1977 United Nations Security Council election was held on 24 October 1977 during the Thirty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bolivia, Czechoslovakia, Gabon, Kuwait, and Nigeria, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1978. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16931173"},{"title":"1978 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1978 United Nations Security Council election The 1978 United Nations Security Council election was held on 10 November 1978 during the Thirty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bangladesh, Jamaica, Norway, Portugal, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1979. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16907646"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 1980","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 1980 The 1980 United Nations Security Council election was held from 20 October to 13 November 1982 during the Thirty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Ireland, Japan, Panama, Spain, and Uganda, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1981. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member","psg_id":"16898139"},{"title":"1981 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1981 United Nations Security Council election The 1981 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1981 during the Thirty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guyana, Jordan, Poland, Togo, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1982. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16895175"},{"title":"1984 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1984 United Nations Security Council election The 1984 United Nations Security Council election was held from 22 October to 18 December 1984 during the Thirty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Australia, Denmark, Madagascar, Thailand, and Trinidad and Tobago, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1985. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A","psg_id":"16892936"},{"title":"1986 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1986 United Nations Security Council election The 1986 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 1986 during the Forty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Italy, Japan, West Germany, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1987. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not","psg_id":"16450294"},{"title":"1989 United Nations Security Council election","text":"161 ballot papers. 1989 United Nations Security Council election The 1989 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 1989 during the Forty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Romania, South Yemen, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1990. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A","psg_id":"16449966"},{"title":"1989 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1989 United Nations Security Council election The 1989 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 1989 during the Forty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Romania, South Yemen, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1990. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may","psg_id":"16449963"},{"title":"1987 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1987 United Nations Security Council election The 1987 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1987 during the Forty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Brazil, Nepal, Senegal, and Yugoslavia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1988. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16447336"},{"title":"1988 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1988 United Nations Security Council election The 1988 United Nations Security Council election was held on 26 October 1988 during the Forty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, Finland, and Malaysia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1989. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16447161"},{"title":"1990 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1990 United Nations Security Council election The 1990 United Nations Security Council election was held on 1 November 1990 during the Forty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Austria, Belgium, Ecuador, India, and Zimbabwe, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1991. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16396290"},{"title":"1991 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1991 United Nations Security Council election The 1991 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 1991 during the Forty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Cape Verde, Hungary, Japan, Morocco, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1992. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not","psg_id":"16396113"},{"title":"1992 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1992 United Nations Security Council election The 1992 United Nations Security Council election was held on 27 October 1992 during the Forty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Brazil, Djibouti, New Zealand, Pakistan, and Spain, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1993. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not","psg_id":"16379956"},{"title":"1994 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1994 United Nations Security Council election The 1994 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1994 during the Forty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Botswana, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, and Italy, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1995. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16373306"},{"title":"1999 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1999 United Nations Security Council election The 1999 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1999 during the Fifty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bangladesh, Jamaica, Mali, Tunisia, and Ukraine, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2000. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately","psg_id":"16324268"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"elected. Any one of the five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables them to prevent the adoption of any \"substantive\" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support. At the UN's founding in 1945, the five permanent members of the Security Council were the French Republic, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There have been two seat changes since then, although not reflected in of the United Nations Charter as it has not been accordingly amended: Additionally, France reformed its provisional government into the French Fourth Republic","psg_id":"16658640"},{"title":"1983 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1983 United Nations Security Council election The 1983 United Nations Security Council election was held on 31 October 1983 during the Thirty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Egypt, India, Peru, the Ukrainian SSR, and Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1984. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms.","psg_id":"16893251"},{"title":"1967 United Nations Security Council election","text":"118 ballot papers were used. Source: 1967 United Nations Security Council election The 1967 United Nations Security Council election was held on 6 November 1967 during the Twenty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Hungary, Pakistan, Paraguay, and Senegal, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1968. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms.","psg_id":"17687549"},{"title":"1975 United Nations Security Council election","text":"1975 United Nations Security Council election The 1975 United Nations Security Council election was held on between 20 October and 23 October 1975 during the Thirtieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Dahomey (now Benin), Libya, Pakistan, Panama, and Romania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1976. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms.","psg_id":"17673848"},{"title":"1972 United Nations Security Council election","text":"than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. 1972 United Nations Security Council election The 1972 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1972 during the Twenty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Australia, Austria, Indonesia, Kenya, and Peru, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1973. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for","psg_id":"17671835"},{"title":"November 1946 United Nations Security Council election","text":"a timeline of UN membership, see Enlargement of the United Nations). The election was done using a list of United Nations member states. From the list the eight current members of the Security Council were removed (the Permanent Five and Australia, Brazil, and Poland) and also the three members that could not stand for immediate re-election (Egypt, Mexico, and the Netherlands). Heads of delegations were asked to mark with a cross the square opposite the name of each member for whom they wished to vote. Voting was conducted on a single ballot. Ballots on which more than three states were","psg_id":"17694534"},{"title":"1976 United Nations Security Council election","text":"allocated to that region were invalidated. 1976 United Nations Security Council election The 1976 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 October 1976 during the Thirty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, India, Mauritius, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1977. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are","psg_id":"16885477"},{"title":"1968 United Nations Security Council election","text":"region than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. 1968 United Nations Security Council election The 1968 United Nations Security Council election was held on 1 November 1968 during the Twenty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Colombia, Finland, Nepal, Spain, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1969. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected","psg_id":"17672912"},{"title":"1986 United Nations Security Council election","text":"than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. 1986 United Nations Security Council election The 1986 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 1986 during the Forty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Italy, Japan, West Germany, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1987. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected","psg_id":"16450297"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2002","text":"With all the five candidates running uncontested, and each of them achieving the requisite 2/3 support, the result of the election was as follows: Angola, Chile, Germany, Pakistan, and Spain were elected to the Security Council for two-year terms beginning on 1 January 2003. United Nations Security Council election, 2002 The 2002 United Nations Security Council election was held on 27 September 2002 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 57th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January","psg_id":"15836247"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council resolution","text":"United Nations Security Council resolution A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with \"primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security\". The UN Charter specifies (in Article 27) that a draft resolution on non-procedural matters is adopted if nine or more of the fifteen Council members vote for the resolution, and if it is not vetoed by any of the five permanent members. Draft resolutions on \"procedural matters\" can be adopted on the basis of an affirmative vote by any nine Council","psg_id":"1514911"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"of the Council is held by each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the Member States names. The list of nations that will hold the Presidency in 2018 is as follows: Unlike the General Assembly, the Security Council meets year-round. Each Security Council member must have a representative available at UN Headquarters at all times in case an emergency meeting becomes necessary. The Security Council generally meets in a designated chamber in the United Nations Conference Building in New York City The chamber was designed by the Norwegian architect Arnstein Arneberg and","psg_id":"435507"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council veto power","text":"and economically since the formation of the UN in 1945, widespread debate has been apparent over whether the five permanent members of the UN Security Council remain the best member states to hold veto power. While some of the permanent members are still typically regarded as great powers, there is debate over their suitability to retain exclusive veto power. A second argument against retaining the UNSC veto power is that it is detrimental to balanced political decisions, as any draft text needs to be approved of by each permanent member before any draft resolution can possibly be adopted. Indeed, several","psg_id":"5131933"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2207","text":"comprehensive final report, containing the findings and recommendations as the results of its investigation over the year, to the Committee by February 5, 2016, and also to the Security Council by March 7, 2016. The UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2207 with the primary aims of monitoring North Korea and enhancing the sanctions implementation by UN members states, as North Korea continued military provocations and illicit transactions while tactfully avoiding existing sanctions. According to the U.S. multimedia Voice of America (VOA), the 1718 Sanctions Committee, also known as the North Korea Sanctions Committee, stated in its annual report, “There","psg_id":"19656268"},{"title":"Supreme National Security Council","text":"confirmed by the Supreme Leader. The secretary of the Supreme council was the chief nuclear negotiator of Iran until 5 September 2013 when responsibility for nuclear talks was assigned to the ministry of foreign affairs. As of 2017, following members are: Supreme National Security Council Supreme National Security Council (SNSC; \"Showrāye Āliye Amniyate Mellī\") is the national security council of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the current secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of which is Rear Admiral Upper Half Ali Shamkhani. He was appointed to position of secretary by the president Hassan Rouhani On 10 September 2013. The","psg_id":"8452540"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2001","text":"elected. There were 178 ballots in each of the three elections. Second Round With Bulgaria winning over Belarus, and Mexico overcoming the Dominican Republic in the second round, the final result was as follows: Bulgaria, Cameroon, Guinea, Mexico, and Syria were elected to the Security Council for two-year terms commencing 1 January 2002. United Nations Security Council election, 2001 The 2001 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 2001 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN","psg_id":"15808946"},{"title":"1994 United Nations Security Council election","text":"Western European and Others Group to Germany and Italy. 170 ballot papers were distributed for all voting. 1994 United Nations Security Council election The 1994 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1994 during the Forty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Botswana, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, and Italy, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1995. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each","psg_id":"16373309"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"each would occupy the WEOG seat for a one-year term; otherwise intractable deadlocks have instead usually been resolved by the candidate countries withdrawing in favour of a third member state. The current elected members, with the regions they were elected to represent, are as follows: The role of president of the Security Council involves setting the agenda, presiding at its meetings and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The presidency","psg_id":"435506"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council veto power","text":"of a majority of countries, may cripple any possible UN armed or diplomatic response to a crisis. For instance, John J. Mearsheimer claimed that \"since 1982, the US has vetoed 32 Security Council resolutions critical of Israel, more than the total number of vetoes cast by all the other Security Council members.\" Since candidates for the Security Council are proposed by regional blocs, the Arab League and its allies are usually included but Israel, which joined the UN in 1949, has never been elected to the Security Council. The Council has repeatedly condemned Israel. On the other hand, critics contend","psg_id":"5131927"},{"title":"1993 United Nations Security Council election","text":"After hearing the two speakers, the General Assembly continued with the vote. 1993 United Nations Security Council election The 1993 United Nations Security Council election was held on 29 October 1993 during the Forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, the Czech Republic, Nigeria, Oman, and Rwanda, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1994. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of","psg_id":"16373330"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2004","text":"were 189 ballots in each of the three elections. United Nations Security Council election, 2004 The 2004 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 2004 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 59th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2005. The five candidate nations elected were Argentina, Denmark, Greece, Japan, and Tanzania. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice,","psg_id":"15799122"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council veto power","text":"1945. From the foundation of the League of Nations in 1920, each member of the League Council, whether permanent or non-permanent, had a veto on any non-procedural issue. From 1920 there were 4 permanent and 4 non-permanent members, but by 1936 the number of non-permanent members had increased to 11. Thus there were in effect 15 vetoes. This was one of several defects of the League that made action on many issues impossible. The UN Charter provides for unanimity among the Permanent Members of the Security Council (the veto) was the result of extensive discussion, including at Dumbarton Oaks (August–October","psg_id":"5131905"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War","text":"Days later the invasion began. According to Britain, a majority of the UN Security Council members supported its proposed 18th resolution which gave Iraq a deadline to comply with previous resolutions, until France announced that they would veto any new resolution that gave Iraq a deadline. However, for a resolution to pass, a supermajority of 9 out of 15 votes are needed. Only four countries announced they would support a resolution backing the war. In the mid-1990s, France, Russia and other members of the UN Security Council asked for sanctions on Iraq to be lifted. The sanctions were criticized for","psg_id":"1549350"},{"title":"President of the United Nations Security Council","text":"to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The President also usually speaks to the press on behalf of the Security Council. Below is a chronological list of presidents of the UN Security Council and the states that they represented. Presidents from 1946–49: Presidents from 1950–54: Presidents from 1955–59: Presidents from 1960–64: Presidents from 1965–69: Presidents from 1970–74: Presidents from 1975–79: Presidents from 1980–84: Presidents from 1985–89: Presidents from 1990–94: Presidents from 1995–99: Presidents from 2000–04: President of the","psg_id":"13590464"},{"title":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council","text":"all the countries of the world are represented in the General Assembly, and decisions can be made in that body based on consensus through either a two-third majority or a simple majority. According to proponents, the Security Council is a historical anachronism, and either limiting its power or outright abolishing it will help to foster a democratic multilateral system. On 21 March 2005, the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan called on the UN to reach a consensus on expanding the council to 24 members, in a plan referred to as \"In Larger Freedom\". He gave two alternatives for implementation,","psg_id":"6512524"},{"title":"2024 United Nations Security Council election","text":"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2025–26 period. 2024 United Nations Security Council election The 2024 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2024 during the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2025. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation","psg_id":"19122929"},{"title":"2023 United Nations Security Council election","text":"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2024–25 period. 2023 United Nations Security Council election The 2023 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2023 during the 77th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2024. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation","psg_id":"19122856"},{"title":"2022 United Nations Security Council election","text":"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2023–24 period. 2022 United Nations Security Council election The 2022 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2022 during the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2023. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation","psg_id":"17615362"},{"title":"2021 United Nations Security Council election","text":"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2022–23 period. 2021 United Nations Security Council election The 2021 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2021 during the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2022. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation","psg_id":"17615351"},{"title":"2020 United Nations Security Council election","text":"five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2021–22 period. 2020 United Nations Security Council election The 2020 United Nations Security Council election will be held in June 2020 during the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2021. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting","psg_id":"17575593"},{"title":"2019 United Nations Security Council election","text":"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2020–21 period. 2019 United Nations Security Council election The 2019 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2019 during the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2020. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation","psg_id":"17575578"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2013","text":"took place on 6 December, in which Jordan was elected to the Council in lieu of Saudi Arabia. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election. In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows: To be elected, a candidate must receive a","psg_id":"15202668"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"of New Members. On the other hand, both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda were also created as subsidiary bodies of the Security Council. The by now numerous Sanctions Committees (see ) established in order to oversee implementation of the various sanctions regimes are also subsidiary bodies of the Council. After approval by the Security Council, the UN may send peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain","psg_id":"435515"},{"title":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council","text":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council Reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) encompasses five key issues: categories of membership, the question of the veto held by the five permanent members, regional representation, the size of an enlarged Council and its working methods, and the Security Council-General Assembly relationship. Member States, regional groups and other Member State interest groupings developed different positions and proposals on how to move forward on this contested issue. Any reform of the Security Council would require the agreement of at least two-thirds of UN member states in a vote in the General Assembly,","psg_id":"6512515"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"another's bids for permanent seats. This sort of reform has traditionally been opposed by the \"Uniting for Consensus\" group, which is composed primarily of nations that are regional rivals and economic competitors of the G4. The group is led by Italy and Spain (opposing Germany), Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina (opposing Brazil), Pakistan (opposing India), and South Korea (opposing Japan), in addition to Turkey, Indonesia and others. Since 1992, Italy and other council members have instead proposed semi-permanent seats or expanding the number of temporary seats. Most of the leading candidates for permanent membership are regularly elected onto the Security Council","psg_id":"16658644"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 1998","text":"were 176 ballots in each of the three elections. With Greece losing to Canada and the Netherlands, whom both acquired the requisite 2/3 majority, the final result was as follows: Argentina, Canada, Malaysia, Namibia, and the Netherlands were elected to the Security Council for two-year terms commencing 1 January 1999. United Nations Security Council election, 1998 The 1998 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 1998 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 53rd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for","psg_id":"15816760"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"votes, which is significant in that the Security Council's permanent membership can vote against a \"procedural\" draft resolution, without necessarily blocking its adoption by the Council. The veto is exercised when any permanent member—the so-called \"P5\"—casts a \"negative\" vote on a \"substantive\" draft resolution. Abstention or absence from the vote by a permanent member does \"not\" prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. There have been proposals suggesting the introduction of new permanent members. The candidates usually mentioned are Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan. They comprise the group of four countries known as the G4 nations, which mutually support one","psg_id":"16658643"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"measures are to be taken in situations involving \"threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, or acts of aggression\". In such situations, the Council is not limited to recommendations but may take action, including the use of armed force \"to maintain or restore international peace and security\". This was the legal basis for UN armed action in Korea in 1950 during the Korean War and the use of coalition forces in Iraq and Kuwait in 1991 and Libya in 2011. Decisions taken under Chapter VII, such as economic sanctions, are binding on UN members; the Security Council is the","psg_id":"435491"},{"title":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council","text":"United Nations membership and increasing self-confidence among the new members, going hand in hand with processes of decolonization, old structures and procedures were increasingly challenged. The imbalance between the number of seats in the Security Council and the total number of member States became evident, and the only significant reform of the Security Council occurred in 1965: this included an increase in the non-permanent membership from six to 10 members. With Boutros Boutros-Ghali elected as Secretary-General in 1992, the reform discussions of the UN Security Council were launched again as he started his new term with the first-ever summit of","psg_id":"6512517"},{"title":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council","text":"permanent members of the UN Security Council could be chosen ... with a vote by the fans ... Then the perm-five would be Russia, China, India, Britain and the United States ... India is the world's largest democracy.\" India's bid for permanent member of UNSC is now backed by four of the five permanent members, namely France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States. On 15 April 2011, China officially expressed its support for an increased Indian role at the United Nations, without explicitly endorsing India's Security Council ambitions. A few months later, China endorsed Indian candidacy as a permanent UNSC","psg_id":"6512538"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council Resolution 338","text":"to the Geneva Conference which Syria did not attend. The argument continues; Article 25 of the United Nations Charter says that UN members \"agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council\". It is generally accepted that Security Council resolutions adopted according to Chapter VII of the UN Charter in the exercise of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace in accordance with the UN Charter are binding upon the member states. Scholars applying this doctrine on the resolution assert that the use of the word \"decide\" makes it a \"decision\" of the Council, thus","psg_id":"7649174"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"Council. United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January","psg_id":"435529"},{"title":"2017 United Nations Security Council election","text":"diplomacy\". Conventionally, there are only five seats available in each UN Security Council election. However, Italy, having claimed the Western European seat the 2016 election, agreed to vacate after one year and allow the Netherlands to take its place. The Netherlands ran unopposed. The presence of the Netherlands on the Security Council will represent their first term on the body in twenty years. Minister of Foreign Affairs Halbe Zijlstra said, in a meeting with UN Secretary-General António Guterres, that the Dutch delegation would \"focus on themes such as justice and the prevention of conflicts\" during its tenure. 2017 United Nations","psg_id":"17498573"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"(the U.S. alone accounting for over 40%). They are also five of the world's six largest arms exporters, along with (Germany) and are the only nations officially recognised as \"nuclear-weapon states\" under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), though there are other states known or believed to be in possession of nuclear weapons. The \"power of veto\" refers to the veto power wielded solely by the permanent members, enabling them to prevent the adoption of any \"substantive\" draft Council resolution, regardless of the level of international support for the draft. The veto does not apply to procedural","psg_id":"16658642"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946.","psg_id":"435471"},{"title":"1973 United Nations Security Council election","text":"the names of the five member states they wished elected on the ballot papers. Voting was conducted on a single ballot. There were 125 ballot papers. Source: 1973 United Nations Security Council election The 1973 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1973 during the Twenty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Byelorussian SSR, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Iraq, and Mauritania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1974. The Security Council","psg_id":"17674068"},{"title":"Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)","text":"Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam) The Council for National Defence and Security is an agency of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, tasked with overseeing the defence and security of the country during a state of emergency or war. The Council for National Defence and Security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam traces its roots to the Supreme National Defence Council of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, established in 1948. In 1960, under the new constitution adopted in 1959, the name of the agency became the National Defence Council. The Council for National Defence and Security took its current","psg_id":"16831977"},{"title":"Kazakhstan's membership in the United Nations Security Council","text":"Kazakhstan's membership in the United Nations Security Council On June 28, 2016, at a vote at UN headquarters in New York, Kazakhstan, having won 138 votes out of 193 UN member states, for the first time was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2017–2018. Kazakhstan's work in the UN Security Council began on January 1, 2017. Kazakhstan is the first state of Central Asia region that was elected to UN Security Council. As a non-permanent member of UN Security Council Kazakhstan pays a great attention to the regional challenges and the issue of Afghanistan, in","psg_id":"20700597"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council veto power","text":"substantive matters. Despite the wording of the Charter (which makes no provisions for passing resolutions with the abstention or absence of a veto-bearing member), this was treated as a non-blocking abstention. This had in fact already become Council practice by that time, the Council has already adopted numerous draft resolutions despite the lack of an affirmative vote by each of its permanent members. The result of the Soviet Union's absence from the Security Council was that it was not in a position to veto the UN Security Council resolutions 83 (27 June 1950) and 84 (7 July 1950) authorising the","psg_id":"5131915"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2011","text":"unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on. Guatemala indicated it would run for the 2012–2013 term, for the seat currently occupied by Brazil. At that time, Guatemala was one of only six original UN Members to have never held a seat on the Security Council. Azerbaijan, Hungary, and Slovenia all announced their intention to run for the single Eastern European seat. Though Armenia did","psg_id":"15077435"},{"title":"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council","text":"in 1946 and later into the French Fifth Republic in 1958, both under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle. France maintained its seat as there was no change in its international status or recognition, although many of its overseas possessions eventually became independent. The five permanent members of the Security Council were the victorious powers in World War II and have maintained the world's most powerful military forces ever since. They annually top the list of countries with the highest military expenditures; in 2011, they spent over US$1 trillion combined on defence, accounting for over 60% of global military expenditures","psg_id":"16658641"},{"title":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council","text":"of temporary seats. Most of the leading candidates for permanent membership are regularly elected onto the Security Council by their respective continental groups: Japan was elected for eleven two-year terms, Brazil for ten terms, and Germany for three terms. India has been elected to the council seven times in total, with the most recent successful bid being in 2010 after a gap of almost twenty years since 1991–92. In 2017, it was reported that the G4 nations were willing to temporarily forgo veto power if granted a permanent UNSC seat. As of 2013, the current \"P5\" members of the Security","psg_id":"6512528"},{"title":"Reform of the United Nations Security Council","text":"nations mutually support each other in their bids. Other countries that advocate permanent Brazilian membership of the UNSC include Australia, Chile, Finland, Guatemala, Indonesia, the Philippines, Slovenia, South Africa, and Vietnam is the third largest contributor to the U.N. regular budgets next to Japan, and as such, argues for a permanent Security Council seat. Germany has been elected to the Security Council as a non-permanent member three times as a unified state, as well as three times when it was divided (twice for the West, once for the East). France has explicitly called for a permanent seat in the UN","psg_id":"6512532"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"2014, Egypt presented a motion proposing an expansion of the NPT (non-Proliferation Treaty), to include Israel and Iran; this proposal was due to increasing hostilities and destruction in the Middle-East connected to the Syrian Conflict as well as others. All members of the Security Council are signatory to the NPT. The UN's role in international collective security is defined by the UN Charter, which authorizes the Security Council to investigate any situation threatening international peace; recommend procedures for peaceful resolution of a dispute; call upon other member nations to completely or partially interrupt economic relations as well as sea, air,","psg_id":"435488"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"in most high-profile cases, there are essentially no consequences for violating a Security Council resolution. During the Darfur crisis, Janjaweed militias, allowed by elements of the Sudanese government, committed violence against an indigenous population, killing thousands of civilians. In the Srebrenica massacre, Serbian troops committed genocide against Bosniaks, although Srebrenica had been declared a UN safe area, protected by 400 armed Dutch peacekeepers. The UN Charter gives all three powers of the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches to the Security Council. In his inaugural speech at the 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in August 2012, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei criticized","psg_id":"435522"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"for over 55% of global military expenditures (the US alone accounting for over 35%). They are also among the world's largest arms exporters and are the only nations officially recognized as \"nuclear-weapon states\" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), though there are other states known or believed to be in possession of nuclear weapons. Under Article 27 of the UN Charter, Security Council decisions on all substantive matters require the affirmative votes of nine members. A negative vote or \"veto\" by a permanent member prevents adoption of a proposal, even if it has received the required votes. Abstention is not","psg_id":"435497"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council","text":"members. Due to the fear that rejecting the strong veto would cause the conference's failure, his proposal was defeated twenty votes to ten. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. On 17 January 1946, the Security Council met for the first time at Church House, Westminster, in London, United Kingdom. The Security Council was largely paralysed in its early decades by the Cold War between the US and USSR and their allies, and the","psg_id":"435480"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 1998","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 1998 The 1998 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 1998 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 53rd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1999. The five candidates elected were Argentina, Canada, Malaysia, Namibia, and the Netherlands. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one","psg_id":"15816758"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2002","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 2002 The 2002 United Nations Security Council election was held on 27 September 2002 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 57th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2003. The five candidates elected were Angola, Chile, Germany, Pakistan, and Spain. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one from","psg_id":"15836245"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 1996","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 1996 The 1996 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 October 1996 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 51st session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1997. The five candidates elected were Costa Rica, Japan, Kenya, Portugal, and Sweden. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one","psg_id":"15821849"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 1997","text":"1998. United Nations Security Council election, 1997 The 1997 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1997 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 52nd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1998. The five candidates elected were Bahrain, Brazil, Gabon, Gambia, and Slovenia. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two","psg_id":"15821546"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 1997","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 1997 The 1997 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1997 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 52nd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1998. The five candidates elected were Bahrain, Brazil, Gabon, Gambia, and Slovenia. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from","psg_id":"15821543"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2001","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 2001 The 2001 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 2001 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2002. The five candidates elected were Bulgaria, Cameroon, Guinea, Mexico, and Syria. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from","psg_id":"15808944"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2003","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 2003 The 2003 United Nations Security Council election was held on 23 October 2003 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 58th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2004. The five candidates elected were Algeria, Benin, Brazil, Philippines, and Romania. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from","psg_id":"15799128"},{"title":"United Nations Security Council election, 2004","text":"United Nations Security Council election, 2004 The 2004 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 2004 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 59th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2005. The five candidate nations elected were Argentina, Denmark, Greece, Japan, and Tanzania. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one","psg_id":"15799120"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries were all allies in World War II, which they won. They are also all nuclear weapons states. A total of 15 UN member states serve on the UNSC, the remainder of which are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658639\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kazakhstan's membership in the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"particular such threats like terrorism growth, illegal drugs production, human trafficking, and also the presence of \\\"Islamic State\\\" and Al-Qaida. The UN Security Council is a standing body of the United Nations, which is entrusted with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council consists of 15 members, 5 of which are permanent (United Kingdom, China, Russia, United States, France), and 10 are non-permanent, elected by the UN General Assembly for a two-year period for 5 countries each year. In 2017, non-permanent members of the UN Security Council include Bolivia, Egypt, Italy, Kazakhstan, Senegal,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20700598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"by their respective groups. Japan was elected for eleven two-year terms, Brazil for ten terms, and Germany for three terms. India has been elected to the council seven times in total, with the most recent successful bid being in 2010 after a gap of almost twenty years since 1991–92. In 2013, the P5 and G4 members of the UN Security Council accounted for eight of the world's ten largest defence budgets, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The following are the heads of state and government that represent the permanent members of the UN Security Council :\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea\",\n \"text\": \"UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea The UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea (formally named Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718) is a subsidiary body established in 2006 by the UN Security Council's resolution 1718 in response to North Korea's first nuclear test and its other nuclear proliferation efforts. Resolution 1718 imposed a series of economic sanctions on the DPRK and established a committee to gather more information, specify the sanctions, monitor them, and issue recommendations. The Committee's responsibilities have broadened as subsequent resolutions expanded and strengthened sanctions, which include an arms embargo, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20132885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1976 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1976 United Nations Security Council election The 1976 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 October 1976 during the Thirty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, India, Mauritius, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1977. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16885474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1973 United Nations Security Council election The 1973 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1973 during the Twenty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Byelorussian SSR, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Iraq, and Mauritania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1974. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17674065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1969 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"ballot papers. Source: 1969 United Nations Security Council election The 1969 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1969 during the Twenty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Burundi, Nicaragua, Poland, Sierra Leone, and Syria, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1970. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17672254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1969 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1969 United Nations Security Council election The 1969 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1969 during the Twenty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Burundi, Nicaragua, Poland, Sierra Leone, and Syria, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1970. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17672251\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1982 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1982 United Nations Security Council election The 1982 United Nations Security Council election was held on 19 October 1982 during the Thirty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Malta, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Pakistan, and Zimbabwe, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1983. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16897177\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1985 United Nations Security Council election The 1985 United Nations Security Council election was held on 17 October 1985 during the Fortieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bulgaria, Congo, Ghana, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1986. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16876025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1993 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1993 United Nations Security Council election The 1993 United Nations Security Council election was held on 29 October 1993 during the Forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, the Czech Republic, Nigeria, Oman, and Rwanda, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1994. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1966 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"were invalidated. 1966 United Nations Security Council election The 1966 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 November 1966 during the Twenty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Ethiopia, and India, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1967. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1966 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1966 United Nations Security Council election The 1966 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 November 1966 during the Twenty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Ethiopia, and India, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1967. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1967 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1967 United Nations Security Council election The 1967 United Nations Security Council election was held on 6 November 1967 during the Twenty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Hungary, Pakistan, Paraguay, and Senegal, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1968. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1974 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1974 United Nations Security Council election The 1974 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 October 1974 during the Twenty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guyana, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and Tanzania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1975. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17673979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1968 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1968 United Nations Security Council election The 1968 United Nations Security Council election was held on 1 November 1968 during the Twenty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Colombia, Finland, Nepal, Spain, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1969. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17672909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1970 United Nations Security Council election The 1970 United Nations Security Council election was held on 26 October 1970 during the Twenty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and Somalia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1971. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17672112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1971 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1971 United Nations Security Council election The 1971 United Nations Security Council election was held on 23 November 1971 during the Twenty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guinea, India, Panama, Sudan, and Yugoslavia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1972. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17671904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1972 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1972 United Nations Security Council election The 1972 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1972 during the Twenty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Australia, Austria, Indonesia, Kenya, and Peru, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1973. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17671832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1977 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1977 United Nations Security Council election The 1977 United Nations Security Council election was held on 24 October 1977 during the Thirty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bolivia, Czechoslovakia, Gabon, Kuwait, and Nigeria, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1978. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16931173\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1978 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1978 United Nations Security Council election The 1978 United Nations Security Council election was held on 10 November 1978 during the Thirty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bangladesh, Jamaica, Norway, Portugal, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1979. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16907646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1980\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1980 The 1980 United Nations Security Council election was held from 20 October to 13 November 1982 during the Thirty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Ireland, Japan, Panama, Spain, and Uganda, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1981. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16898139\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1981 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1981 United Nations Security Council election The 1981 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1981 during the Thirty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guyana, Jordan, Poland, Togo, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1982. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16895175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1984 United Nations Security Council election The 1984 United Nations Security Council election was held from 22 October to 18 December 1984 during the Thirty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Australia, Denmark, Madagascar, Thailand, and Trinidad and Tobago, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1985. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16892936\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1986 United Nations Security Council election The 1986 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 1986 during the Forty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Italy, Japan, West Germany, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1987. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16450294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"161 ballot papers. 1989 United Nations Security Council election The 1989 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 1989 during the Forty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Romania, South Yemen, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1990. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16449966\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1989 United Nations Security Council election The 1989 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 1989 during the Forty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Romania, South Yemen, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1990. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16449963\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1987 United Nations Security Council election The 1987 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1987 during the Forty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Brazil, Nepal, Senegal, and Yugoslavia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1988. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16447336\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1988 United Nations Security Council election The 1988 United Nations Security Council election was held on 26 October 1988 during the Forty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, Finland, and Malaysia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1989. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16447161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1990 United Nations Security Council election The 1990 United Nations Security Council election was held on 1 November 1990 during the Forty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Austria, Belgium, Ecuador, India, and Zimbabwe, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1991. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16396290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1991 United Nations Security Council election The 1991 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 1991 during the Forty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Cape Verde, Hungary, Japan, Morocco, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1992. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16396113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1992 United Nations Security Council election The 1992 United Nations Security Council election was held on 27 October 1992 during the Forty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Brazil, Djibouti, New Zealand, Pakistan, and Spain, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1993. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16379956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1994 United Nations Security Council election The 1994 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1994 during the Forty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Botswana, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, and Italy, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1995. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1999 United Nations Security Council election The 1999 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1999 during the Fifty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bangladesh, Jamaica, Mali, Tunisia, and Ukraine, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2000. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16324268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"elected. Any one of the five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables them to prevent the adoption of any \\\"substantive\\\" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support. At the UN's founding in 1945, the five permanent members of the Security Council were the French Republic, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There have been two seat changes since then, although not reflected in of the United Nations Charter as it has not been accordingly amended: Additionally, France reformed its provisional government into the French Fourth Republic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658640\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1983 United Nations Security Council election The 1983 United Nations Security Council election was held on 31 October 1983 during the Thirty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Egypt, India, Peru, the Ukrainian SSR, and Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1984. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16893251\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1967 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"118 ballot papers were used. Source: 1967 United Nations Security Council election The 1967 United Nations Security Council election was held on 6 November 1967 during the Twenty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Hungary, Pakistan, Paraguay, and Senegal, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1968. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1975 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"1975 United Nations Security Council election The 1975 United Nations Security Council election was held on between 20 October and 23 October 1975 during the Thirtieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Dahomey (now Benin), Libya, Pakistan, Panama, and Romania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1976. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17673848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1972 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. 1972 United Nations Security Council election The 1972 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1972 during the Twenty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Australia, Austria, Indonesia, Kenya, and Peru, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1973. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17671835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"November 1946 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"a timeline of UN membership, see Enlargement of the United Nations). The election was done using a list of United Nations member states. From the list the eight current members of the Security Council were removed (the Permanent Five and Australia, Brazil, and Poland) and also the three members that could not stand for immediate re-election (Egypt, Mexico, and the Netherlands). Heads of delegations were asked to mark with a cross the square opposite the name of each member for whom they wished to vote. Voting was conducted on a single ballot. Ballots on which more than three states were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17694534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1976 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"allocated to that region were invalidated. 1976 United Nations Security Council election The 1976 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 October 1976 during the Thirty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, India, Mauritius, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1977. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16885477\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1968 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"region than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. 1968 United Nations Security Council election The 1968 United Nations Security Council election was held on 1 November 1968 during the Twenty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Colombia, Finland, Nepal, Spain, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1969. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17672912\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. 1986 United Nations Security Council election The 1986 United Nations Security Council election was held on 16 October 1986 during the Forty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Italy, Japan, West Germany, and Zambia, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1987. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16450297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2002\",\n \"text\": \"With all the five candidates running uncontested, and each of them achieving the requisite 2/3 support, the result of the election was as follows: Angola, Chile, Germany, Pakistan, and Spain were elected to the Security Council for two-year terms beginning on 1 January 2003. United Nations Security Council election, 2002 The 2002 United Nations Security Council election was held on 27 September 2002 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 57th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15836247\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council resolution\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council resolution A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with \\\"primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security\\\". The UN Charter specifies (in Article 27) that a draft resolution on non-procedural matters is adopted if nine or more of the fifteen Council members vote for the resolution, and if it is not vetoed by any of the five permanent members. Draft resolutions on \\\"procedural matters\\\" can be adopted on the basis of an affirmative vote by any nine Council\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1514911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"of the Council is held by each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the Member States names. The list of nations that will hold the Presidency in 2018 is as follows: Unlike the General Assembly, the Security Council meets year-round. Each Security Council member must have a representative available at UN Headquarters at all times in case an emergency meeting becomes necessary. The Security Council generally meets in a designated chamber in the United Nations Conference Building in New York City The chamber was designed by the Norwegian architect Arnstein Arneberg and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council veto power\",\n \"text\": \"and economically since the formation of the UN in 1945, widespread debate has been apparent over whether the five permanent members of the UN Security Council remain the best member states to hold veto power. While some of the permanent members are still typically regarded as great powers, there is debate over their suitability to retain exclusive veto power. A second argument against retaining the UNSC veto power is that it is detrimental to balanced political decisions, as any draft text needs to be approved of by each permanent member before any draft resolution can possibly be adopted. Indeed, several\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5131933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2207\",\n \"text\": \"comprehensive final report, containing the findings and recommendations as the results of its investigation over the year, to the Committee by February 5, 2016, and also to the Security Council by March 7, 2016. The UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2207 with the primary aims of monitoring North Korea and enhancing the sanctions implementation by UN members states, as North Korea continued military provocations and illicit transactions while tactfully avoiding existing sanctions. According to the U.S. multimedia Voice of America (VOA), the 1718 Sanctions Committee, also known as the North Korea Sanctions Committee, stated in its annual report, “There\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19656268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Supreme National Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"confirmed by the Supreme Leader. The secretary of the Supreme council was the chief nuclear negotiator of Iran until 5 September 2013 when responsibility for nuclear talks was assigned to the ministry of foreign affairs. As of 2017, following members are: Supreme National Security Council Supreme National Security Council (SNSC; \\\"Showrāye Āliye Amniyate Mellī\\\") is the national security council of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the current secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of which is Rear Admiral Upper Half Ali Shamkhani. He was appointed to position of secretary by the president Hassan Rouhani On 10 September 2013. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8452540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2001\",\n \"text\": \"elected. There were 178 ballots in each of the three elections. Second Round With Bulgaria winning over Belarus, and Mexico overcoming the Dominican Republic in the second round, the final result was as follows: Bulgaria, Cameroon, Guinea, Mexico, and Syria were elected to the Security Council for two-year terms commencing 1 January 2002. United Nations Security Council election, 2001 The 2001 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 2001 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15808946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"Western European and Others Group to Germany and Italy. 170 ballot papers were distributed for all voting. 1994 United Nations Security Council election The 1994 United Nations Security Council election was held on 20 October 1994 during the Forty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Botswana, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, and Italy, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1995. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"each would occupy the WEOG seat for a one-year term; otherwise intractable deadlocks have instead usually been resolved by the candidate countries withdrawing in favour of a third member state. The current elected members, with the regions they were elected to represent, are as follows: The role of president of the Security Council involves setting the agenda, presiding at its meetings and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The presidency\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council veto power\",\n \"text\": \"of a majority of countries, may cripple any possible UN armed or diplomatic response to a crisis. For instance, John J. Mearsheimer claimed that \\\"since 1982, the US has vetoed 32 Security Council resolutions critical of Israel, more than the total number of vetoes cast by all the other Security Council members.\\\" Since candidates for the Security Council are proposed by regional blocs, the Arab League and its allies are usually included but Israel, which joined the UN in 1949, has never been elected to the Security Council. The Council has repeatedly condemned Israel. On the other hand, critics contend\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5131927\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1993 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"After hearing the two speakers, the General Assembly continued with the vote. 1993 United Nations Security Council election The 1993 United Nations Security Council election was held on 29 October 1993 during the Forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, the Czech Republic, Nigeria, Oman, and Rwanda, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1994. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2004\",\n \"text\": \"were 189 ballots in each of the three elections. United Nations Security Council election, 2004 The 2004 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 2004 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 59th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2005. The five candidate nations elected were Argentina, Denmark, Greece, Japan, and Tanzania. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15799122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council veto power\",\n \"text\": \"1945. From the foundation of the League of Nations in 1920, each member of the League Council, whether permanent or non-permanent, had a veto on any non-procedural issue. From 1920 there were 4 permanent and 4 non-permanent members, but by 1936 the number of non-permanent members had increased to 11. Thus there were in effect 15 vetoes. This was one of several defects of the League that made action on many issues impossible. The UN Charter provides for unanimity among the Permanent Members of the Security Council (the veto) was the result of extensive discussion, including at Dumbarton Oaks (August–October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5131905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War\",\n \"text\": \"Days later the invasion began. According to Britain, a majority of the UN Security Council members supported its proposed 18th resolution which gave Iraq a deadline to comply with previous resolutions, until France announced that they would veto any new resolution that gave Iraq a deadline. However, for a resolution to pass, a supermajority of 9 out of 15 votes are needed. Only four countries announced they would support a resolution backing the war. In the mid-1990s, France, Russia and other members of the UN Security Council asked for sanctions on Iraq to be lifted. The sanctions were criticized for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1549350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The President also usually speaks to the press on behalf of the Security Council. Below is a chronological list of presidents of the UN Security Council and the states that they represented. Presidents from 1946–49: Presidents from 1950–54: Presidents from 1955–59: Presidents from 1960–64: Presidents from 1965–69: Presidents from 1970–74: Presidents from 1975–79: Presidents from 1980–84: Presidents from 1985–89: Presidents from 1990–94: Presidents from 1995–99: Presidents from 2000–04: President of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13590464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"all the countries of the world are represented in the General Assembly, and decisions can be made in that body based on consensus through either a two-third majority or a simple majority. According to proponents, the Security Council is a historical anachronism, and either limiting its power or outright abolishing it will help to foster a democratic multilateral system. On 21 March 2005, the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan called on the UN to reach a consensus on expanding the council to 24 members, in a plan referred to as \\\"In Larger Freedom\\\". He gave two alternatives for implementation,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6512524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2024 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2025–26 period. 2024 United Nations Security Council election The 2024 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2024 during the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2025. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19122929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2023 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2024–25 period. 2023 United Nations Security Council election The 2023 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2023 during the 77th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2024. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19122856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2022 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2023–24 period. 2022 United Nations Security Council election The 2022 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2022 during the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2023. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17615362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2021 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2022–23 period. 2021 United Nations Security Council election The 2021 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2021 during the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2022. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17615351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2020 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2021–22 period. 2020 United Nations Security Council election The 2020 United Nations Security Council election will be held in June 2020 during the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2021. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17575593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2019 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"members will serve on the Security Council for the 2020–21 period. 2019 United Nations Security Council election The 2019 United Nations Security Council election will be held in mid-2019 during the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2020. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17575578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2013\",\n \"text\": \"took place on 6 December, in which Jordan was elected to the Council in lieu of Saudi Arabia. The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election. In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows: To be elected, a candidate must receive a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15202668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"of New Members. On the other hand, both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda were also created as subsidiary bodies of the Security Council. The by now numerous Sanctions Committees (see ) established in order to oversee implementation of the various sanctions regimes are also subsidiary bodies of the Council. After approval by the Security Council, the UN may send peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council Reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) encompasses five key issues: categories of membership, the question of the veto held by the five permanent members, regional representation, the size of an enlarged Council and its working methods, and the Security Council-General Assembly relationship. Member States, regional groups and other Member State interest groupings developed different positions and proposals on how to move forward on this contested issue. Any reform of the Security Council would require the agreement of at least two-thirds of UN member states in a vote in the General Assembly,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6512515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"another's bids for permanent seats. This sort of reform has traditionally been opposed by the \\\"Uniting for Consensus\\\" group, which is composed primarily of nations that are regional rivals and economic competitors of the G4. The group is led by Italy and Spain (opposing Germany), Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina (opposing Brazil), Pakistan (opposing India), and South Korea (opposing Japan), in addition to Turkey, Indonesia and others. Since 1992, Italy and other council members have instead proposed semi-permanent seats or expanding the number of temporary seats. Most of the leading candidates for permanent membership are regularly elected onto the Security Council\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658644\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1998\",\n \"text\": \"were 176 ballots in each of the three elections. With Greece losing to Canada and the Netherlands, whom both acquired the requisite 2/3 majority, the final result was as follows: Argentina, Canada, Malaysia, Namibia, and the Netherlands were elected to the Security Council for two-year terms commencing 1 January 1999. United Nations Security Council election, 1998 The 1998 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 1998 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 53rd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15816760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"votes, which is significant in that the Security Council's permanent membership can vote against a \\\"procedural\\\" draft resolution, without necessarily blocking its adoption by the Council. The veto is exercised when any permanent member—the so-called \\\"P5\\\"—casts a \\\"negative\\\" vote on a \\\"substantive\\\" draft resolution. Abstention or absence from the vote by a permanent member does \\\"not\\\" prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. There have been proposals suggesting the introduction of new permanent members. The candidates usually mentioned are Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan. They comprise the group of four countries known as the G4 nations, which mutually support one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"measures are to be taken in situations involving \\\"threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, or acts of aggression\\\". In such situations, the Council is not limited to recommendations but may take action, including the use of armed force \\\"to maintain or restore international peace and security\\\". This was the legal basis for UN armed action in Korea in 1950 during the Korean War and the use of coalition forces in Iraq and Kuwait in 1991 and Libya in 2011. Decisions taken under Chapter VII, such as economic sanctions, are binding on UN members; the Security Council is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations membership and increasing self-confidence among the new members, going hand in hand with processes of decolonization, old structures and procedures were increasingly challenged. The imbalance between the number of seats in the Security Council and the total number of member States became evident, and the only significant reform of the Security Council occurred in 1965: this included an increase in the non-permanent membership from six to 10 members. With Boutros Boutros-Ghali elected as Secretary-General in 1992, the reform discussions of the UN Security Council were launched again as he started his new term with the first-ever summit of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6512517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"permanent members of the UN Security Council could be chosen ... with a vote by the fans ... Then the perm-five would be Russia, China, India, Britain and the United States ... India is the world's largest democracy.\\\" India's bid for permanent member of UNSC is now backed by four of the five permanent members, namely France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States. On 15 April 2011, China officially expressed its support for an increased Indian role at the United Nations, without explicitly endorsing India's Security Council ambitions. A few months later, China endorsed Indian candidacy as a permanent UNSC\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6512538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 338\",\n \"text\": \"to the Geneva Conference which Syria did not attend. The argument continues; Article 25 of the United Nations Charter says that UN members \\\"agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council\\\". It is generally accepted that Security Council resolutions adopted according to Chapter VII of the UN Charter in the exercise of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace in accordance with the UN Charter are binding upon the member states. Scholars applying this doctrine on the resolution assert that the use of the word \\\"decide\\\" makes it a \\\"decision\\\" of the Council, thus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7649174\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"Council. United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"diplomacy\\\". Conventionally, there are only five seats available in each UN Security Council election. However, Italy, having claimed the Western European seat the 2016 election, agreed to vacate after one year and allow the Netherlands to take its place. The Netherlands ran unopposed. The presence of the Netherlands on the Security Council will represent their first term on the body in twenty years. Minister of Foreign Affairs Halbe Zijlstra said, in a meeting with UN Secretary-General António Guterres, that the Dutch delegation would \\\"focus on themes such as justice and the prevention of conflicts\\\" during its tenure. 2017 United Nations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17498573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"(the U.S. alone accounting for over 40%). They are also five of the world's six largest arms exporters, along with (Germany) and are the only nations officially recognised as \\\"nuclear-weapon states\\\" under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), though there are other states known or believed to be in possession of nuclear weapons. The \\\"power of veto\\\" refers to the veto power wielded solely by the permanent members, enabling them to prevent the adoption of any \\\"substantive\\\" draft Council resolution, regardless of the level of international support for the draft. The veto does not apply to procedural\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658642\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 United Nations Security Council election\",\n \"text\": \"the names of the five member states they wished elected on the ballot papers. Voting was conducted on a single ballot. There were 125 ballot papers. Source: 1973 United Nations Security Council election The 1973 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 1973 during the Twenty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected the Byelorussian SSR, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Iraq, and Mauritania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1974. The Security Council\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17674068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam)\",\n \"text\": \"Council for National Defense and Security (Vietnam) The Council for National Defence and Security is an agency of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, tasked with overseeing the defence and security of the country during a state of emergency or war. The Council for National Defence and Security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam traces its roots to the Supreme National Defence Council of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, established in 1948. In 1960, under the new constitution adopted in 1959, the name of the agency became the National Defence Council. The Council for National Defence and Security took its current\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16831977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kazakhstan's membership in the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"Kazakhstan's membership in the United Nations Security Council On June 28, 2016, at a vote at UN headquarters in New York, Kazakhstan, having won 138 votes out of 193 UN member states, for the first time was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2017–2018. Kazakhstan's work in the UN Security Council began on January 1, 2017. Kazakhstan is the first state of Central Asia region that was elected to UN Security Council. As a non-permanent member of UN Security Council Kazakhstan pays a great attention to the regional challenges and the issue of Afghanistan, in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20700597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council veto power\",\n \"text\": \"substantive matters. Despite the wording of the Charter (which makes no provisions for passing resolutions with the abstention or absence of a veto-bearing member), this was treated as a non-blocking abstention. This had in fact already become Council practice by that time, the Council has already adopted numerous draft resolutions despite the lack of an affirmative vote by each of its permanent members. The result of the Soviet Union's absence from the Security Council was that it was not in a position to veto the UN Security Council resolutions 83 (27 June 1950) and 84 (7 July 1950) authorising the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5131915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2011\",\n \"text\": \"unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on. Guatemala indicated it would run for the 2012–2013 term, for the seat currently occupied by Brazil. At that time, Guatemala was one of only six original UN Members to have never held a seat on the Security Council. Azerbaijan, Hungary, and Slovenia all announced their intention to run for the single Eastern European seat. Though Armenia did\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15077435\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"in 1946 and later into the French Fifth Republic in 1958, both under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle. France maintained its seat as there was no change in its international status or recognition, although many of its overseas possessions eventually became independent. The five permanent members of the Security Council were the victorious powers in World War II and have maintained the world's most powerful military forces ever since. They annually top the list of countries with the highest military expenditures; in 2011, they spent over US$1 trillion combined on defence, accounting for over 60% of global military expenditures\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16658641\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"of temporary seats. Most of the leading candidates for permanent membership are regularly elected onto the Security Council by their respective continental groups: Japan was elected for eleven two-year terms, Brazil for ten terms, and Germany for three terms. India has been elected to the council seven times in total, with the most recent successful bid being in 2010 after a gap of almost twenty years since 1991–92. In 2017, it was reported that the G4 nations were willing to temporarily forgo veto power if granted a permanent UNSC seat. As of 2013, the current \\\"P5\\\" members of the Security\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6512528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reform of the United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"nations mutually support each other in their bids. Other countries that advocate permanent Brazilian membership of the UNSC include Australia, Chile, Finland, Guatemala, Indonesia, the Philippines, Slovenia, South Africa, and Vietnam is the third largest contributor to the U.N. regular budgets next to Japan, and as such, argues for a permanent Security Council seat. Germany has been elected to the Security Council as a non-permanent member three times as a unified state, as well as three times when it was divided (twice for the West, once for the East). France has explicitly called for a permanent seat in the UN\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6512532\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"2014, Egypt presented a motion proposing an expansion of the NPT (non-Proliferation Treaty), to include Israel and Iran; this proposal was due to increasing hostilities and destruction in the Middle-East connected to the Syrian Conflict as well as others. All members of the Security Council are signatory to the NPT. The UN's role in international collective security is defined by the UN Charter, which authorizes the Security Council to investigate any situation threatening international peace; recommend procedures for peaceful resolution of a dispute; call upon other member nations to completely or partially interrupt economic relations as well as sea, air,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"in most high-profile cases, there are essentially no consequences for violating a Security Council resolution. During the Darfur crisis, Janjaweed militias, allowed by elements of the Sudanese government, committed violence against an indigenous population, killing thousands of civilians. In the Srebrenica massacre, Serbian troops committed genocide against Bosniaks, although Srebrenica had been declared a UN safe area, protected by 400 armed Dutch peacekeepers. The UN Charter gives all three powers of the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches to the Security Council. In his inaugural speech at the 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in August 2012, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei criticized\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"for over 55% of global military expenditures (the US alone accounting for over 35%). They are also among the world's largest arms exporters and are the only nations officially recognized as \\\"nuclear-weapon states\\\" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), though there are other states known or believed to be in possession of nuclear weapons. Under Article 27 of the UN Charter, Security Council decisions on all substantive matters require the affirmative votes of nine members. A negative vote or \\\"veto\\\" by a permanent member prevents adoption of a proposal, even if it has received the required votes. Abstention is not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435497\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council\",\n \"text\": \"members. Due to the fear that rejecting the strong veto would cause the conference's failure, his proposal was defeated twenty votes to ten. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. On 17 January 1946, the Security Council met for the first time at Church House, Westminster, in London, United Kingdom. The Security Council was largely paralysed in its early decades by the Cold War between the US and USSR and their allies, and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"435480\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1998\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1998 The 1998 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 1998 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 53rd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1999. The five candidates elected were Argentina, Canada, Malaysia, Namibia, and the Netherlands. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15816758\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2002\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2002 The 2002 United Nations Security Council election was held on 27 September 2002 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 57th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2003. The five candidates elected were Angola, Chile, Germany, Pakistan, and Spain. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15836245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1996\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1996 The 1996 United Nations Security Council election was held on 21 October 1996 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 51st session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1997. The five candidates elected were Costa Rica, Japan, Kenya, Portugal, and Sweden. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15821849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1997\",\n \"text\": \"1998. United Nations Security Council election, 1997 The 1997 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1997 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 52nd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1998. The five candidates elected were Bahrain, Brazil, Gabon, Gambia, and Slovenia. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15821546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1997\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 1997 The 1997 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1997 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 52nd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1998. The five candidates elected were Bahrain, Brazil, Gabon, Gambia, and Slovenia. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15821543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2001\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2001 The 2001 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 2001 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2002. The five candidates elected were Bulgaria, Cameroon, Guinea, Mexico, and Syria. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15808944\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2003\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2003 The 2003 United Nations Security Council election was held on 23 October 2003 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 58th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2004. The five candidates elected were Algeria, Benin, Brazil, Philippines, and Romania. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15799128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2004\",\n \"text\": \"United Nations Security Council election, 2004 The 2004 United Nations Security Council election was held on 15 October 2004 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 59th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2005. The five candidate nations elected were Argentina, Denmark, Greece, Japan, and Tanzania. In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15799120\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["china, france, russia, uk, and the us"],"string":"[\n \"china, france, russia, uk, and the us\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78296,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"dale carnegie's best-selling 1936 book is titled how to win friends and what people?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"How to Win Friends and Influence People","text":"something \"diametrically opposite to the official German view.\" \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\" continues to have success even into the 21st century. The book ranks as the 11th highest selling non-fiction book on Amazon of all time and shows no signs of slowing down. How to Win Friends and Influence People How to Win Friends and Influence People is a self-help book written by Dale Carnegie, published in 1936. Over 15 million copies have been sold worldwide, making it one of the best-selling books of all time. In 2011, it was number 19 on \"Time Magazine\"s list of","psg_id":"4572208"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\",\n \"text\": \"something \\\"diametrically opposite to the official German view.\\\" \\\"How to Win Friends and Influence People\\\" continues to have success even into the 21st century. The book ranks as the 11th highest selling non-fiction book on Amazon of all time and shows no signs of slowing down. How to Win Friends and Influence People How to Win Friends and Influence People is a self-help book written by Dale Carnegie, published in 1936. Over 15 million copies have been sold worldwide, making it one of the best-selling books of all time. In 2011, it was number 19 on \\\"Time Magazine\\\"s list of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4572208\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"How to Win Friends and Influence People","text":"in publication, Carnegie originally began writing small booklets to go along with his courses. After one of his 14-week courses, he was approached by publisher Leon Shimkin of the publishing house Simon & Schuster. Shimkin urged Carnegie to write a book, but he was not initially persuaded. Shimken then hired a stenographer to type up what he heard in one of Carnegie's long lectures and presented the transcript to Carnegie. Dale Carnegie liked the transcript so much he decided to edit and revise it into a final form. He wanted it to be extremely practical and interesting to read. To","psg_id":"4572201"},{"title":"How to Win Friends and Influence People","text":"market the book, Shimkin decided to send 500 copies of the book to former graduates of the Dale Carnegie Course, with a note that pointed out the utility of the book for refreshing students with the advice they had learned. The 500 mailed copies brought orders for over 5,000 more copies of the book and Simon & Schuster had to increase the original print order of 1,200 quickly. Shimkin also ran a full page ad in the \"New York Times\" complete with quotes by Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller on the importance of human relations. Originally published in November","psg_id":"4572202"},{"title":"How to Win Friends and Influence People","text":"in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dale Carnegie began his career not as a writer, but as a teacher of public speaking. He started out teaching night classes at a YMCA in New York and his classes became wildly popular and highly attended. The success of the classes in New York prompted YMCAs in Philadelphia and Baltimore to begin hosting the course as well. After even greater success, Carnegie decided to begin teaching the courses on his own at hotels in London, Paris, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Because he could not find any satisfactory handbook already","psg_id":"4572200"},{"title":"How to Win Friends and Influence People","text":"that you may screw things out of them.\" However, despite the criticism, sales continued to soar and the book was talked about and reviewed as it rapidly became mainstream. Scholarly critique however, was little and oscillated over time. Due to the book's lay appeal, it was not significantly discussed in academic journals. In the early stages of the book's life, the few scholarly reviews that were written explained the contents of the book and attempted to describe what made the book popular. As time passed however, scholarly reviews became more critical, chiding Carnegie for being insincere and manipulative. Despite the","psg_id":"4572206"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir)","text":"published that same year. Young's book does not reference either Carnegie's or Tressler's works. The aggregate site iDreamBooks lists 12 mixed reviews. The book was adapted into a one-man play that played on London's West End for several months each in 2003 and 2004. Young was initially played by Jack Davenport, then by Young himself. A feature-length film adaptation, also titled \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\", was released in October 2008. It is directed by Robert B. Weide and stars Simon Pegg, Kirsten Dunst, and Megan Fox. The film is loosely based on the book, turning the plot","psg_id":"9884702"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir)","text":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (2001) is a memoir by Toby Young about his failed five-year effort to make it in the United States as a contributing editor at Condé Nast Publications' \"Vanity Fair\" magazine. The book alternates Young's foibles with his ruminations about the differences in culture and society between the United States and England, and specifically between New York City and London. The book depicts Young's relationship with various British and American journalists, including Julie Burchill, Anthony Haden-Guest, Tina Brown and Harold Evans (who at one point threaten","psg_id":"9884700"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)","text":"around the ankles of its subject without ever moving in for a decent-sized, satisfying bite.\" On the other hand, \"The Sunday Times\" said the film \"has more laughs than any British comedy to appear over the past decade.\" In the United States, Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave it 3½ out of 4 stars, calling it \"possibly the best movie that could be made about Toby Young that isn't rated NC-17.\" How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People is a 2008 British comedy film based upon Toby Young's 2001 memoir \"How","psg_id":"11180227"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir)","text":"into more of a straightforward romantic comedy. Young wrote a 2006 sequel, \"The Sound of No Hands Clapping\", which chronicles his failure as a Hollywood screenwriter in the years after he left New York. How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (2001) is a memoir by Toby Young about his failed five-year effort to make it in the United States as a contributing editor at Condé Nast Publications' \"Vanity Fair\" magazine. The book alternates Young's foibles with his ruminations about the differences in culture and society between the United States and England,","psg_id":"9884703"},{"title":"What You See Is What You Get (book)","text":"doing, (b) making better and cheaper products than the market leaders, and (c) not focusing on the exclusive or more expensive parts of the market, rather selling to the mass market. What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful","psg_id":"14962370"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)","text":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People is a 2008 British comedy film based upon Toby Young's 2001 memoir \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\". The film follows a similar storyline, about his five-year struggle to make it in the United States after employment at \"Sharps Magazine\". The names of the magazine and people Young came into contact with during the time were changed for the film adaptation. The film version (adapted by Peter Straughan) is a highly fictionalized account, and differs greatly from the work upon which it was built.","psg_id":"11180218"},{"title":"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living","text":"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living How to Stop Worrying and Start Living is a self-help book by Dale Carnegie. It was first printed in Great Britain in 1948 by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press), Ltd., Bungay Suffolk (S.B.N. 437 95083 2). It is currently published as a Mass Market Paperback of 352 pages by Pocket (Revised edition: September 15, 1990), . Carnegie says in the preface to \"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living\" that he wrote it because he \"was one of the unhappiest lads in New York\". He said that he made himself sick with worry","psg_id":"7746355"},{"title":"The Friendly Ghost","text":"The Friendly Ghost The Friendly Ghost is a Famous Studios cartoon released on 16 November 1945 as part of its \"Noveltoons\" series of animated short movies. It is the first cartoon to feature the character Casper the Friendly Ghost. Casper is seen reading the book \"How to Win Friends\", a real book by Dale Carnegie. Every night at midnight his brothers and sisters scare people, except for Casper, who doesn't want to scare people, so he stays home instead. Casper decides that he would rather make friends with the living. While his family is off scaring people, Casper bids his","psg_id":"10322749"},{"title":"Selling To Zebras","text":"Selling To Zebras Selling to Zebras: How to Close 90% of the Business You Pursue Faster, More Easily, and More Profitably is a sales book written by Jeff Koser. In the methodology every sales prospect is quantified by scoring seven traits. The book won \"USA Book News\"' \"Best Book\" in the Business:Sales category. The book is featured in chapter one of \"The Sales Gurus: Lessons from the Best Sales Books of All Time\". With the help of his son, Jeff wrote the book based on his 30 years of sales experience as a sales rep, sales manager and sales executive","psg_id":"17376326"},{"title":"Dale Carnegie","text":"average American's desire to have more self-confidence, and by 1914, he was earning $500 (about $ today) every week. Carnegie changed the spelling of his last name at a time when the steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, to whom he was not related, was a widely recognized, much-revered name. As Dale Carnagey, he worked as assistant to Lowell Thomas in his famous travelogue \"With Allenby in Palestine and Lawrence in Arabia\". He managed and delivered the travelogue in Canada. By 1916, Dale was able to rent Carnegie Hall itself for a lecture to a packed house. Carnegie's first collection of his","psg_id":"1874172"},{"title":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do","text":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\" is a book which investigates the meaning of work for different people under different circumstances, showing it can vary in importance. The book also reflects Terkel's general idea that work can be difficult but still provides meaning for workers. It is an exploration of what makes work meaningful for people","psg_id":"7657272"},{"title":"How to Make Money Selling Drugs","text":"How to Make Money Selling Drugs How to Make Money Selling Drugs is documentary film written, directed and narrated by Matthew Cooke and produced by Bert Marcus and Adrian Grenier. The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was theatrically released in June 2013. The documentary starts out as a mock guide to how to be a successful pusher, explains how drug dealers, smugglers, kingpins and drug lords make money and the risks involved, with the ultimate aim of setting the stage for the real purpose for the film. It then seriously examines what perpetuates the War","psg_id":"18149577"},{"title":"Selling To Zebras","text":"Gallagher, revenues almost reached $1M a year. Jeff engaged multiple VC firms but none were interested in a small consulting company. So he struck up a deal with a local entrepreneur and software architect, Tom Bowe, to development a cloud-based sales automation software system based on the Selling To Zebras sales methodology. Selling To Zebras Selling to Zebras: How to Close 90% of the Business You Pursue Faster, More Easily, and More Profitably is a sales book written by Jeff Koser. In the methodology every sales prospect is quantified by scoring seven traits. The book won \"USA Book News\"' \"Best","psg_id":"17376328"},{"title":"Dale Carnegie","text":"for the firm. His parents moved to Belton, Missouri in 1910 after he graduated and when Carnegie was 22. Carnegie would visit frequently throughout his life and would be buried in the family plot there. After saving $500 (about $ today), Dale Carnegie quit sales in 1911 in order to pursue a lifelong dream of becoming a Chautauqua lecturer. He ended up instead attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, but found little success as an actor, though it is written that he played the role of Dr. Hartley in a road show of \"Polly of the","psg_id":"1874170"},{"title":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do","text":"2002 DVD \"Pull Over\", Taylor explains that a story about a woman in a shoe manufacturing plant in Massachusetts, described in the book, inspired the song. In the television series \"The Facts of Life\", \"Working\" is one of the books parents wanted to ban in the episode \"Read No Evil\". Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\"","psg_id":"7657281"},{"title":"The Friendly Ghost","text":"the children from being forced to leave. The short concludes with the mother seeing Casper (now wearing schoolboy clothes), Bonnie, and Johnny off to school together. The Friendly Ghost The Friendly Ghost is a Famous Studios cartoon released on 16 November 1945 as part of its \"Noveltoons\" series of animated short movies. It is the first cartoon to feature the character Casper the Friendly Ghost. Casper is seen reading the book \"How to Win Friends\", a real book by Dale Carnegie. Every night at midnight his brothers and sisters scare people, except for Casper, who doesn't want to scare people,","psg_id":"10322753"},{"title":"Selling To Zebras","text":"trying to perfect his selling techniques. The book was published in 2009 by Greenleaf Book Group Press. \"Jeff Koser wrote a book that I consider one of the best sales books I have read in the last decade. What made this book interesting was their methodology and process for identifying a company's best prospects. They developed a very scientific analytical model that can be used by any company.\" -Marc Kramer, quoted from an article in \"The Entrepreneur\". Koser created Selling to Zebras, Inc. as a consulting company in Wisconsin. After a few years, with the help of long-time friend Brian","psg_id":"17376327"},{"title":"What Is Life","text":"\"Rolling Stone\" readers' poll, titled \"10 Greatest Solo Beatle Songs\", the song placed fourth, with the editor commenting: \"The track is deceptively simple, and more layers become apparent the more often you play it.\" \"What Is Life\" has featured in Bruce Pollock's book \"The 7,500 Most Important Songs of 1944–2000\", Treble website's \"The Top 200 Songs of the 1970s\" (ranked at number 101) and Dave Thompson's \"1000 Songs That Rock Your World\" (at number 247). \"What Is Life\" was included on the 1976 compilation \"The Best of George Harrison\" as well as 2009's \"\". The song has also been featured","psg_id":"7728604"},{"title":"Dale Carnegie","text":"change other people's behavior by changing one's behavior toward them. Born Dale Harbison Carnagey in 1888 in Maryville, Missouri, Carnegie was a poor farmer's son, the second son of James William Carnagey (b. Indiana, 1852-1941) and his wife Amanda Elizabeth Harbison (b. Missouri, 1858-1939). Carnegie grew up around Bedison, Missouri southeast of Maryville and attended rural Rose Hill and Harmony one room schools (which would be consolidated after he left into Maryville High School). Carnegie would develop a long-standing friendship with another Maryville author Homer Croy. In 1904, when he was 16-years old, his family moved to a farm in","psg_id":"1874168"},{"title":"Selling Blue Elephants","text":"much less the solution. The book describes best practices in the RDE from some of today's top companies: HP, Prego, Vlasic, MasterCard and others. Filled with real-life stories, this book changes the way people think about selling to their present and future customers. The book is currently under contracts to be translated and published in Germany, Italy, Spain (both full and digest), Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan (Chinese Traditional), China (Chinese Simplified), South Korea, Russia, Netherlands, Lebanon, Romania (both full and digest), Thailand, India, Lithuania and Vietnam. Selling Blue Elephants Selling Blue Elephants: How to Make Great Products That People Want Before","psg_id":"10327673"},{"title":"Icewind Dale","text":"of July and 16th-highest of August. According to Chart-Track, \"Icewind Dale\" was the United Kingdom's best-selling computer game for its debut week, breaking \"Diablo II\"s three-week streak in the region. It dropped to third place the following week, before exiting Chart-Track's weekly top 5. Discussing \"Icewind Dale\"s chart performance, a writer for \"PC Zone\" mentioned being \"a little surprised at seeing \"Diablo II\" capitulate so easily, especially to \"Icewind Dale\", despite the success of \"Baldur's Gate\".\" \"Icewind Dale\" was the United Kingdom's third-best-selling computer game of August, placing above \"Diablo II\" for the month. According to \"PC Gamer US\", it","psg_id":"2007192"},{"title":"What You See Is What You Get (book)","text":"What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful multi-millionaire tycoon, received a knighthood, and was appointed to the House of Lords. Sir Alan also reveals his main method of business and entrepreneurial activity: (a) observing what market leaders are","psg_id":"14962369"},{"title":"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living","text":"because he hated his position in life, which he attributes to wanting to figure out how to stop worrying. The book's goal is to lead the reader to a more enjoyable and fulfilling life, helping them to become more aware of, not only themselves, but others around them. Carnegie tries to address the everyday nuances of living, in order to get the reader to focus on the more important aspects of life. It is now a world-famous, self-help book amongst many people. The book contains eight sections, as follows: How to Stop Worrying and Start Living How to Stop Worrying","psg_id":"7746356"},{"title":"How to Be Popular","text":"and the individual, but the phrase is widely used in the small town. This has caused Steph to feel like a social pariah. Steph has since been content to hang out with her best friends Jason and Becca, also social outcasts, but as she enters the eleventh grade, she wants more out of high school. Luckily, she finds a copy of an old book titled none other than \"How to be Popular\" while cleaning out Jason's grandmother's attic. The book is full of useful tips. She follows the book's advice and begins the school year with flat-ironed hair and a","psg_id":"8698300"},{"title":"Dale Carnegie","text":"Circus\". When the production ended, he returned to New York, unemployed, nearly broke, and living at the YMCA on 125th Street. There he got the idea to teach public speaking, and he persuaded the YMCA manager to allow him to instruct a class in return for 80% of the net proceeds. In his first session, he had run out of material. Improvising, he suggested that students speak about \"something that made them angry\", and discovered that the technique made speakers unafraid to address a public audience. From this 1912 debut, the Dale Carnegie Course evolved. Carnegie had tapped into the","psg_id":"1874171"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)","text":"her dog. In response, Sophie attacks Sidney, attracting negative attention and ruining his reputation. Nonetheless, Sidney, who has quit his job with Sharps, and feels a slight confusion concerning his life's direction, seeks out Alison, who by now has separated with Lawrence, and the two of them begin a relationship. Due to the subject matter of the film, a number of well known faces appear in archive footage, including Ricky Gervais, Kate Winslet, and Daniel Craig. \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\" is an independent film, and was described as \"a testosterone-laced \"Devil Wears Prada\".\" The film was produced","psg_id":"11180224"},{"title":"Such Good Friends","text":"Such Good Friends Such Good Friends is a 1971 American comedy-drama film directed by Otto Preminger and starring Dyan Cannon, James Coco, and Jennifer O'Neill. The screenplay by Esther Dale (a pseudonym for Elaine May) is based on the novel of the same title by Lois Gould. Manhattanite Julie Messinger, a complacent housewife and mother of two raucous young sons, is married to Richard, a chauvinistic and self-centered magazine art director and author of a best-selling children's book. When he falls into a coma during minor surgery to remove a nonmalignant mole on his neck, Julie learns from his doctor,","psg_id":"13510954"},{"title":"What Is Life","text":"What Is Life \"What Is Life\" is a song by the English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". In many countries, it was issued as the second single from the album, in February 1971, becoming a top-ten hit in the United States, Canada and elsewhere, and topping singles charts in Australia and Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, \"What Is Life\" appeared as the B-side to \"My Sweet Lord\", which was the best-selling single there of 1971. Harrison's backing musicians on the song include Eric Clapton and the entire Delaney & Bonnie Friends band,","psg_id":"7728581"},{"title":"How to Be a Jewish Mother","text":"mère juive en 10 leçons\", met with long-running success. Gertrude Berg also released a best-selling comedy album from the book in 1965. It was re-issued as a mass market paperback in 1991 (, ). How to Be a Jewish Mother How to Be a Jewish Mother is a 1964 Jewish humor book by American humorist Dan Greenburg which was the best selling non-fiction book in the United States in 1965, with 270,000 copies sold. The book was first published by Price Stern Sloan under publisher Larry Sloan. The book was adapted into a play starring Molly Picon and Godfrey Cambridge","psg_id":"16756539"},{"title":"Merle Miller","text":"Merle Miller Merle Dale Miller (May 17, 1919 – June 10, 1986) was an American writer, novelist, and author who is perhaps best remembered for his best-selling biography of Harry S. Truman, and as a pioneer in the gay rights movement. Miller came out of the closet in an article in the \"New York Times Magazine\" on January 17, 1971, titled \"What It Means to Be a Homosexual\". The response of over 2,000 letters to the article (more than ever received by that newspaper) led to a book publication later that year. The book was reprinted by Penguin Classics in","psg_id":"4663050"},{"title":"Steve Jobs (book)","text":"Steve Jobs (book) Steve Jobs is the authorized self-titled biography book of Steve Jobs. The book was written at the request of Jobs by Walter Isaacson, a former executive at CNN and \"TIME\" who has written best-selling biographies of Benjamin Franklin and Albert Einstein. Based on more than forty interviews with Jobs conducted over two years—in addition to interviews with more than one hundred family members, friends, adversaries, competitors, and colleagues—Isaacson was given \"unprecedented\" access to Jobs's life. Jobs is said to have encouraged the people interviewed to speak honestly. Although Jobs cooperated with the book, he asked for no","psg_id":"15992612"},{"title":"How to Avoid Huge Ships","text":"confronted by the near presence of a large ship such as a freighter, along with anecdotes and background information such as the capabilities and operating procedures of the large ships. The book won the 1992 Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year and was used to title the first compilation of prize winners, \"How to Avoid Huge Ships and Other Implausibly Titled Books\" (2008). The book finished third in \"The Bookseller\"'s 2008 competition for the oddest book title of all time (behind \"Greek Rural Postmen and Their Cancellation Numbers\" and \"People Who Don't Know They're Dead: How They Attach","psg_id":"17104322"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)","text":"by Number 9 Films. In 2006, Simon Pegg was announced as the lead, Kirsten Dunst was revealed to appear in the film in late April 2007, and in May 2007, Jeff Bridges and Gillian Anderson were added. Toby Young, who wrote the memoir, was banned from the set because he was constantly annoying the cast and crew. Metro Station's song \"Shake It\" and Phantom Planet's song \"Do The Panic\" were used in the trailer. \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\" opened as one of the United Kingdom's number one films at the box office, taking the equivalent of US$7,055,425","psg_id":"11180225"},{"title":"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)","text":"Directed by Robert B. Weide, it stars Simon Pegg, Kirsten Dunst, Danny Huston, Gillian Anderson, Megan Fox and Jeff Bridges, alongside Max Minghella and Margo Stilley. \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\" was released simultaneously in the United Kingdom (by Paramount Pictures) and the United States (by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) on 3 October 2008. Sidney Young, an aspiring British journalist who runs a failing polemical magazine, attempts to infiltrate a party organized by Clayton Harding (Jeff Bridges), the CEO of Sharps, one of the most prestigious magazines in the world. In doing so, he momentarily gains Clayton's sympathy, as the latter","psg_id":"11180219"},{"title":"How to Make Money Selling Drugs","text":"the 2013 Champs-Élysées Film Festival. How to Make Money Selling Drugs How to Make Money Selling Drugs is documentary film written, directed and narrated by Matthew Cooke and produced by Bert Marcus and Adrian Grenier. The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was theatrically released in June 2013. The documentary starts out as a mock guide to how to be a successful pusher, explains how drug dealers, smugglers, kingpins and drug lords make money and the risks involved, with the ultimate aim of setting the stage for the real purpose for the film. It then seriously","psg_id":"18149581"},{"title":"What I Do Best","text":"What I Do Best What I Do Best is Sheryn Regis' second studio album under Star Records, released on July 2005 in the Philippines.It was her 2nd best selling album up to date which it sold over 20,000 copies and certified as gold by Philippine Association of the Record Industry.The album produce chart topping singles. The album was made available on digital download thru iTunes, Amazon and Mymusicstore. The album's carrier single bears the same title as the album itself and is a cover of a Robin S. original. Other cover songs on the album include Lani Hall's \"I Don't","psg_id":"10538625"},{"title":"Selling Blue Elephants","text":"Selling Blue Elephants Selling Blue Elephants: How to Make Great Products That People Want Before They Even Know They Want Them is a book written by Howard Moskowitz and Alex Gofman (Publisher: Wharton School Publishing 2007). The book outlines a new solution-oriented learning experience co-developed with Prof. Jerry (Yoram) Wind of Wharton School of Business - Rule Developing Experimentation (RDE). RDE is the systematized process of designing, testing and modifying alternative ideas, packages, products, or services in a disciplined way so that the developer and marketer discover what appeals to the customer, even if the customer can't articulate the need,","psg_id":"10327672"},{"title":"How Not to Be Wrong","text":"How Not to Be Wrong How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking, written by Jordan Ellenberg, is a \"New York Times Best Selling\" book that connects various economic and societal philosophies with basic mathematics and statistical principles. \"How Not to Be Wrong\" explains the mathematics behind some of simplest day-to-day thinking. It then goes into more complex decisions people make. For example, Ellenberg explains many misconceptions about lotteries and whether or not they can be mathematically beaten. Ellenberg uses mathematics to examine real-world issues ranging from the fetishizing of straight lines in the reporting of obesity to","psg_id":"19627097"},{"title":"How to Be Black","text":"J. Victoria Sanders of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" said the book \"makes light of uncomfortable truths about America's awkward relationship to stereotypical and monolithic blackness by offering very funny advice about such topics as 'How to Be the Black Friend,' 'How to Speak for All Black People' and 'How to Be the Black Employee'\" but said that Thurston was at his best when describing his troubled upbringing in which his father was murdered, forcing his mother to raise him alone as well as his experiences at Sidwell Friends School and Harvard University. How to Be Black How to Be Black","psg_id":"17395138"},{"title":"The World Is What It Is","text":"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \"New York Times Book Review\" as one of the \"Times\"' \"10 Best Books of 2008\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in","psg_id":"12715772"},{"title":"Down Under (book)","text":"on to illustrate how the Australians built a dynamic and prosperous society from a modest and unpropitious beginning. The rest of this section is devoted to the author's account of what he considers to be Civilized Australia. 3. Around the edges This part of the journey covers the Great Barrier Reef, Alice Springs and the mighty monolithic rock Uluru. Down Under (book) Down Under is the British title of a 2000 travelogue book about Australia written by best-selling travel writer Bill Bryson. In the United States and Canada it was published titled In a Sunburned Country, a title taken from","psg_id":"9795712"},{"title":"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror","text":"because of the identity of the authors, the scope of the book and the vigor of argumentation, this one deserves special attention.\" An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror () is a 2004 book about the \"War on Terror\", analyzing Islamic terrorist networks and proposing policies the United States government should adopt to defeat them. The book was co-written by Richard Perle, who had previously been chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, and David Frum, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. In","psg_id":"6765148"},{"title":"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror","text":"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror () is a 2004 book about the \"War on Terror\", analyzing Islamic terrorist networks and proposing policies the United States government should adopt to defeat them. The book was co-written by Richard Perle, who had previously been chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, and David Frum, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. In 2004, Frum replied to some of the critics of the book in \"He That Stands It Now ...\", an article that appeared","psg_id":"6765146"},{"title":"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not","text":"as good\". In 2009 the album placed at number 9 in MTV's 'Greatest Album Ever' online poll. The album was also included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". Credits adapted from liner notes. Arctic Monkeys Additional musicians Technical Design Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not is the debut studio album by English rock band Arctic Monkeys, released on 23 January 2006 by Domino Recording Company. The album surpassed Elastica's self-titled album to become the fastest selling debut album in British music history, shifting","psg_id":"6658302"},{"title":"How to Irritate People","text":"quality of the colours. How to Irritate People How to Irritate People is a 1968 television broadcast written by John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Marty Feldman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. Cleese, Chapman, and Brooke-Taylor also feature in it, along with future Monty Python collaborators Michael Palin and Connie Booth. In various sketches, Cleese demonstrates exactly what the title suggests—how to irritate people, although this is done in a much more conventional way than the absurdity of similar Monty Python sketches. The \"Job Interview\" sketch, starring Cleese as the interviewer and Brooke-Taylor as the interviewee, was later performed, almost unchanged, in the first","psg_id":"4207240"},{"title":"How to Irritate People","text":"How to Irritate People How to Irritate People is a 1968 television broadcast written by John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Marty Feldman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. Cleese, Chapman, and Brooke-Taylor also feature in it, along with future Monty Python collaborators Michael Palin and Connie Booth. In various sketches, Cleese demonstrates exactly what the title suggests—how to irritate people, although this is done in a much more conventional way than the absurdity of similar Monty Python sketches. The \"Job Interview\" sketch, starring Cleese as the interviewer and Brooke-Taylor as the interviewee, was later performed, almost unchanged, in the first season of \"Monty Python's","psg_id":"4207233"},{"title":"What Happened (Clinton book)","text":"United States. In Canada, \"What Happened\" debuted atop \"The Globe and Mail\"s hardcover non-fiction best sellers list. It remained atop the chart for six consecutive weeks. In the United Kingdom, \" What Happened\" debuted atop \"The Sunday Times\" bestseller list. In Ireland, \"What Happened\" was able to peak atop the Nielson Bookscan component chart for hardcover non-fiction. On the primary Irish Nielsen Bookscan chart tracking sales of both hardcover and paperback books in all genres, \"What Happened\" debuted at number ten (selling 767 copies). It jumped to number seven in its second week (selling 800 copies). It jumped further to","psg_id":"20270178"},{"title":"What Happened (Clinton book)","text":"number four in its third week (selling 1,117 copies). In its fourth week it dropped to number six (however with consistent sales, selling 1,116 copies). It exited the top-ten in its seventh week. In New Zealand, \"What Happened\" debuted number 8 on Nielsen Bookscan's \"International Non-fiction - Adults\" chart. In Australia, \"What Happened\" charted on \"Books+Publishing\"s bestsellers chart. \"What Happened\" polarized book critics. \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave it a \"B\" grade. Writer Tina Jordan said: I think the first woman candidate for President, the one who won the popular vote, has every right to offer her own take on the election.","psg_id":"20270179"},{"title":"Dale Carnegie","text":"Warrensburg where he completed his high schooling in 1906. During his high school years he grew interested in the speeches at the various Chautauqua assemblies. Carnegie said he had to get up at 3 a.m. to feed the pigs and milk his parents' cows before going to school. He attended State Teacher's College in Warrensburg graduating in 1908. His first job after college was selling correspondence courses to ranchers. He moved on to selling bacon, soap, and lard for Armour & Company. He was successful to the point of making his sales territory of South Omaha, Nebraska, the national leader","psg_id":"1874169"},{"title":"How to Work a Room","text":"How to Work a Room How to Work a Room: The Ultimate Guide to Making Lasting Connections In Person and Online is a self-help book by Susan RoAne. It was first published in 1988 as \"How to Work a Room: A Guide to Successfully Managing the Mingling.\" It is a guidebook on how to socialize at parties and other events, oriented towards the business community. The 25th Anniversary edition was published in 2013 by William Morrow Paperbacks. The book has sold over a million copies, and was number one on Book-of-the-Month Club's list of best-selling nonfiction books in 1990. RoAne","psg_id":"17709511"},{"title":"Super Best Friends","text":"Teaming up with Jesus, Stan calls upon the Super Best Friends, a parody of the Super Friends, to destroy Blaine and thwart the mass suicide pact he has launched. The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA in the United States. It depicts several religious figures, including Muhammad, whose appearance at the time of the original airing caused little to no controversy. Following Islamists' death threats regarding Muhammad's portrayal in the 2010 episode titled \"201\", the South Park Studios website no longer streams \"Super Best Friends\", nor is it available for streaming or purchase from","psg_id":"5842669"},{"title":"Dale Carnegie","text":"in the adult education movement of the time. During World War I he served in the U.S. Army spending the time at Camp Upton. His draft card noted he had filed for Conscientious objector status and had a loss of a forefinger. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1931. On November 5, 1944, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, he married Dorothy Price Vanderpool (1913–1998), who also had been divorced. Vanderpool had two daughters; Rosemary, from her first marriage, and Donna Dale from their marriage together. Carnegie died at his home in Forest Hills, New York. He was buried in the Belton,","psg_id":"1874174"},{"title":"Multipliers: How the Best Leaders Make Everyone Smarter","text":"productivity at a minimum. The authors give what they consider to be solutions and guidance to the issues they bring up in the book. Critical reception was mostly positive, with the Gulf News commenting that it would help \"usher in a decade focused less on stuff and more on people\". Publishers Weekly gave a mixed review, stating that the \"breadth of the material is better suited for a lengthy article than a full business book, and the effort to stretch it into a longer work diminishes the meaningful research\". Multipliers: How the Best Leaders Make Everyone Smarter Multipliers: How the","psg_id":"7489196"},{"title":"How to Lie with Statistics","text":"How to Lie with Statistics How to Lie with Statistics is a book written by Darrell Huff in 1954 presenting an introduction to statistics for the general reader. Not a statistician, Huff was a journalist who wrote many \"how to\" articles as a freelancer. The book is a brief illustrated volume outlining errors when it comes to the interpretation of statistics, and how these errors may create incorrect conclusions. In the 1960s and 1970s, it became a standard textbook introduction to the subject of statistics for many college students. It has become one of the best-selling statistics books in history,","psg_id":"5381383"},{"title":"Gary S. Lachman","text":"distribute to their patients. This book is one of the few resources that provides cancer patients with a \"no holds barred\" account of what to expect during treatment and the absolute necessity for being your own best advocate. Gary Lachman is currently working on his fifth novel. Titled \"FRIENDSHIPPING\", it is the story of a man who finds himself through the love of his friends from all over the world. Gary S. Lachman Gary S. Lachman (born in New York City, United States) is an American author, international lawyer and former Portfolio Manager for the U.S. Department of State. Formerly","psg_id":"15001463"},{"title":"How Not to Be Wrong","text":"illuminating exposition, wit, and helpful examples...Ellenberg shares Gardner's remarkable ability to write clearly and entertainingly, bringing in deep mathematical ideas without the reader registering their difficulty\". Salon describes the book as \"A poet-mathematician offers an empowering and entertaining primer for the age of Big Data...A rewarding popular math book for just about anyone\". How Not to Be Wrong How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking, written by Jordan Ellenberg, is a \"New York Times Best Selling\" book that connects various economic and societal philosophies with basic mathematics and statistical principles. \"How Not to Be Wrong\" explains the","psg_id":"19627112"},{"title":"Dale Hample","text":"Dale Hample Dale Hample is an American argumentation and rhetorical scholar, associate Professor at the University of Maryland . He has published many peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and written one book and edited another. After receiving a PhD at the University of Illinois in 1975, he taught at Western Illinois University until 2007, when he took a teaching position at Maryland. Some of his major accomplishments include developing measures for the ways in which people edit arguments (cognitive editorial standards), discussing how people produce argumentative discourse (inventional capacity), and how they view arguments (argument frames and taking conflict personally).","psg_id":"9770946"},{"title":"Frank Bettger","text":"his insurance presentations. He also met a successful salesman and took his advice to read the\" Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin\". A light went on in his mind when he realized that Franklin's Socratic method of asking \"key\" questions might work with selling policies. He tried it, it worked, and Bettger began to perfect his technique with great enthusiasm. After succeeding in life insurance sales and becoming Top Salesman for 20 years with Fidelity Mutual, he met Dale Carnegie. Carnegie encouraged Bettger to write his first best-selling books: \"How I Raised Myself from Failure to Success in Selling\" and \"How I","psg_id":"6957501"},{"title":"What Happened (Clinton book)","text":"suggests \"that the person we've seen over the past quarter-century, and the person we watched seek the presidency twice, \"is\" the authentic Hillary. In fact, to judge by her book, she may have been the most authentic person in the race.\" \"Time\" magazine listed \"What Happened\" as #1 on its list of the best non-fiction books of 2017. NPR's Book Concierge included \"What Happened\" on its list of \"2017's Great Reads.\" \"What Happened\" also won the Goodreads Choice Award for \"Best Memoir & Autobiography\". It was announced on August 28, 2017, that Hillary Clinton would be starting a North American","psg_id":"20270186"},{"title":"Best Friends (Wilson novel)","text":"Best Friends (Wilson novel) Best Friends is a children's novel by Jacqueline Wilson, first published in 2004. In this book Biscuits' surname is McVitie, but in Cliffhanger his surname is Baker, as Tim wrote a postcard to him with the name as Mr \"Biscuits\" Baker; this may be due to the fact that Alice hates Biscuits, and McVitie's are a biscuits company, so she might be making fun out of him. \"See\": Best Friends (TV series) In 2005, a five-part adaptation was produced by CITV. It followed the book closely, but with a few minor alterations and a new ending.","psg_id":"7249068"},{"title":"Best Friends (Wilson novel)","text":"Best Friends (Wilson novel) Best Friends is a children's novel by Jacqueline Wilson, first published in 2004. In this book Biscuits' surname is McVitie, but in Cliffhanger his surname is Baker, as Tim wrote a postcard to him with the name as Mr \"Biscuits\" Baker; this may be due to the fact that Alice hates Biscuits, and McVitie's are a biscuits company, so she might be making fun out of him. \"See\": Best Friends (TV series) In 2005, a five-part adaptation was produced by CITV. It followed the book closely, but with a few minor alterations and a new ending.","psg_id":"7249067"},{"title":"On How Life Is","text":"On How Life Is On How Life Is is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Macy Gray. It was released on July 1, 1999, by Epic Records. Produced by Andrew Slater, it became Gray's best-selling album to date, selling 3.2 million copies in the United States and seven million copies worldwide. The album's second single, \"I Try\", became an international hit, topping the charts in Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, while reaching number five on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2001. \"On How","psg_id":"6727189"},{"title":"Best alternative to a negotiated agreement","text":"as a hard negotiation style; a theoretical example of this is \"adversarial approach style negotiation\". Others may employ a soft style, which is friendly, trusting, compromising, and conflict avoiding. According to Fisher and Ury, when hard negotiators meet soft negotiators, the hard negotiators usually win their position, but at the cost of potentially damaging the long term relationship between the parties. Attractive alternatives are needed to develop a strong BATNA. In the best-selling book \"Getting to YES: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In\", the authors give 3 suggestions of how to accomplish this: In negotiations involving different cultures, all parties need","psg_id":"1486654"},{"title":"What I Do the Best","text":"Grand on his 1998 debut album \"Famous First Words\". As listed in liner notes. What I Do the Best What I Do the Best is the fourth studio album by American country music artist John Michael Montgomery. The tracks \"Ain't Got Nothin' on Us\", \"Friends\", \"How Was I to Know\" and \"I Miss You a Little\" were all released as singles, peaking at #15, #2, #2 and #6, respectively on the Hot Country Songs charts, making this the first album of his career not to produce a #1 hit. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for one million","psg_id":"11349186"},{"title":"What I Do the Best","text":"What I Do the Best What I Do the Best is the fourth studio album by American country music artist John Michael Montgomery. The tracks \"Ain't Got Nothin' on Us\", \"Friends\", \"How Was I to Know\" and \"I Miss You a Little\" were all released as singles, peaking at #15, #2, #2 and #6, respectively on the Hot Country Songs charts, making this the first album of his career not to produce a #1 hit. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for one million shipments in the US. \"Cloud 8\" was later recorded by Canadian country artist Gil","psg_id":"11349185"},{"title":"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror","text":"in the \"National Review\". Danielle Pletka, a foreign policy analyst at the American Enterprise Institute, told \"The Jewish Daily Forward\", \"The political prescriptions contained are terrific. This is a very thoughtful articulation of how to fight the battle ahead of us.\" Political scientist Fareed Zakaria said about the book: \"It is now possible to describe a neoconservative foreign policy, and David Frum and Richard Perle's new book, \"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror,\" is a useful guide to it. There have been many books written by neoconservatives on aspects of the war on terror, but","psg_id":"6765147"},{"title":"Best Friends Forever (South Park)","text":"the show has beaten other nominees, such as \"The Simpsons\" and other winners. It also became the fourth prime time animated cartoon, and the first cable TV series, to win the award, behind \"The Simpsons\", \"King of the Hill\" and \"Futurama\". \"Best Friends Forever\" generally received positive reviews for its portrayal of the Terri Schiavo case. In her book \"The Deep End of South Park\", Leslie Stratyner applauds the episode for its ability to \"tackle such challenging issues as...right to die in 'Best Friends Forever'...its 'devil-may-care' attitude that has brought a fair amount of acclaim\". On a different aspect of","psg_id":"4827370"},{"title":"What I Saw and How I Lied","text":"What I Saw and How I Lied What I Saw and How I Lied is a novel for young adults written by Judy Blundell and published by Scholastic in 2008. It won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature. \"What I Saw and How I Lied\" is historical fiction set in the United States after World War II. Scholastic recommends it for age 13+. The audiobook edition, narrated by Caitlin Greer, appeared on the Young Adult Library Services Association Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults list in 2011. WHAT I SAW AND HOW I LIED, a film noir","psg_id":"13550892"},{"title":"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not","text":"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not is the debut studio album by English rock band Arctic Monkeys, released on 23 January 2006 by Domino Recording Company. The album surpassed Elastica's self-titled album to become the fastest selling debut album in British music history, shifting over 360,000 copies in its first week, and remains the fastest selling debut album by a band. It has since gone quintuple platinum in the UK. It is the only album to feature Andy Nicholson as bass player before he was replaced by Nick","psg_id":"6658288"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\",\n \"text\": \"in publication, Carnegie originally began writing small booklets to go along with his courses. After one of his 14-week courses, he was approached by publisher Leon Shimkin of the publishing house Simon & Schuster. Shimkin urged Carnegie to write a book, but he was not initially persuaded. Shimken then hired a stenographer to type up what he heard in one of Carnegie's long lectures and presented the transcript to Carnegie. Dale Carnegie liked the transcript so much he decided to edit and revise it into a final form. He wanted it to be extremely practical and interesting to read. To\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4572201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\",\n \"text\": \"market the book, Shimkin decided to send 500 copies of the book to former graduates of the Dale Carnegie Course, with a note that pointed out the utility of the book for refreshing students with the advice they had learned. The 500 mailed copies brought orders for over 5,000 more copies of the book and Simon & Schuster had to increase the original print order of 1,200 quickly. Shimkin also ran a full page ad in the \\\"New York Times\\\" complete with quotes by Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller on the importance of human relations. Originally published in November\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4572202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\",\n \"text\": \"in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dale Carnegie began his career not as a writer, but as a teacher of public speaking. He started out teaching night classes at a YMCA in New York and his classes became wildly popular and highly attended. The success of the classes in New York prompted YMCAs in Philadelphia and Baltimore to begin hosting the course as well. After even greater success, Carnegie decided to begin teaching the courses on his own at hotels in London, Paris, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Because he could not find any satisfactory handbook already\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4572200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\",\n \"text\": \"that you may screw things out of them.\\\" However, despite the criticism, sales continued to soar and the book was talked about and reviewed as it rapidly became mainstream. Scholarly critique however, was little and oscillated over time. Due to the book's lay appeal, it was not significantly discussed in academic journals. In the early stages of the book's life, the few scholarly reviews that were written explained the contents of the book and attempted to describe what made the book popular. As time passed however, scholarly reviews became more critical, chiding Carnegie for being insincere and manipulative. Despite the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4572206\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir)\",\n \"text\": \"published that same year. Young's book does not reference either Carnegie's or Tressler's works. The aggregate site iDreamBooks lists 12 mixed reviews. The book was adapted into a one-man play that played on London's West End for several months each in 2003 and 2004. Young was initially played by Jack Davenport, then by Young himself. A feature-length film adaptation, also titled \\\"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\\\", was released in October 2008. It is directed by Robert B. Weide and stars Simon Pegg, Kirsten Dunst, and Megan Fox. The film is loosely based on the book, turning the plot\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9884702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir)\",\n \"text\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (2001) is a memoir by Toby Young about his failed five-year effort to make it in the United States as a contributing editor at Condé Nast Publications' \\\"Vanity Fair\\\" magazine. The book alternates Young's foibles with his ruminations about the differences in culture and society between the United States and England, and specifically between New York City and London. The book depicts Young's relationship with various British and American journalists, including Julie Burchill, Anthony Haden-Guest, Tina Brown and Harold Evans (who at one point threaten\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9884700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)\",\n \"text\": \"around the ankles of its subject without ever moving in for a decent-sized, satisfying bite.\\\" On the other hand, \\\"The Sunday Times\\\" said the film \\\"has more laughs than any British comedy to appear over the past decade.\\\" In the United States, Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave it 3½ out of 4 stars, calling it \\\"possibly the best movie that could be made about Toby Young that isn't rated NC-17.\\\" How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People is a 2008 British comedy film based upon Toby Young's 2001 memoir \\\"How\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir)\",\n \"text\": \"into more of a straightforward romantic comedy. Young wrote a 2006 sequel, \\\"The Sound of No Hands Clapping\\\", which chronicles his failure as a Hollywood screenwriter in the years after he left New York. How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (memoir) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (2001) is a memoir by Toby Young about his failed five-year effort to make it in the United States as a contributing editor at Condé Nast Publications' \\\"Vanity Fair\\\" magazine. The book alternates Young's foibles with his ruminations about the differences in culture and society between the United States and England,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9884703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What You See Is What You Get (book)\",\n \"text\": \"doing, (b) making better and cheaper products than the market leaders, and (c) not focusing on the exclusive or more expensive parts of the market, rather selling to the mass market. What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14962370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)\",\n \"text\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film) How to Lose Friends & Alienate People is a 2008 British comedy film based upon Toby Young's 2001 memoir \\\"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\\\". The film follows a similar storyline, about his five-year struggle to make it in the United States after employment at \\\"Sharps Magazine\\\". The names of the magazine and people Young came into contact with during the time were changed for the film adaptation. The film version (adapted by Peter Straughan) is a highly fictionalized account, and differs greatly from the work upon which it was built.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living\",\n \"text\": \"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living How to Stop Worrying and Start Living is a self-help book by Dale Carnegie. It was first printed in Great Britain in 1948 by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press), Ltd., Bungay Suffolk (S.B.N. 437 95083 2). It is currently published as a Mass Market Paperback of 352 pages by Pocket (Revised edition: September 15, 1990), . Carnegie says in the preface to \\\"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living\\\" that he wrote it because he \\\"was one of the unhappiest lads in New York\\\". He said that he made himself sick with worry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7746355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Friendly Ghost\",\n \"text\": \"The Friendly Ghost The Friendly Ghost is a Famous Studios cartoon released on 16 November 1945 as part of its \\\"Noveltoons\\\" series of animated short movies. It is the first cartoon to feature the character Casper the Friendly Ghost. Casper is seen reading the book \\\"How to Win Friends\\\", a real book by Dale Carnegie. Every night at midnight his brothers and sisters scare people, except for Casper, who doesn't want to scare people, so he stays home instead. Casper decides that he would rather make friends with the living. While his family is off scaring people, Casper bids his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10322749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling To Zebras\",\n \"text\": \"Selling To Zebras Selling to Zebras: How to Close 90% of the Business You Pursue Faster, More Easily, and More Profitably is a sales book written by Jeff Koser. In the methodology every sales prospect is quantified by scoring seven traits. The book won \\\"USA Book News\\\"' \\\"Best Book\\\" in the Business:Sales category. The book is featured in chapter one of \\\"The Sales Gurus: Lessons from the Best Sales Books of All Time\\\". With the help of his son, Jeff wrote the book based on his 30 years of sales experience as a sales rep, sales manager and sales executive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17376326\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Carnegie\",\n \"text\": \"average American's desire to have more self-confidence, and by 1914, he was earning $500 (about $ today) every week. Carnegie changed the spelling of his last name at a time when the steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, to whom he was not related, was a widely recognized, much-revered name. As Dale Carnagey, he worked as assistant to Lowell Thomas in his famous travelogue \\\"With Allenby in Palestine and Lawrence in Arabia\\\". He managed and delivered the travelogue in Canada. By 1916, Dale was able to rent Carnegie Hall itself for a lecture to a packed house. Carnegie's first collection of his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1874172\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do\",\n \"text\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \\\"Working\\\" is a book which investigates the meaning of work for different people under different circumstances, showing it can vary in importance. The book also reflects Terkel's general idea that work can be difficult but still provides meaning for workers. It is an exploration of what makes work meaningful for people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7657272\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Make Money Selling Drugs\",\n \"text\": \"How to Make Money Selling Drugs How to Make Money Selling Drugs is documentary film written, directed and narrated by Matthew Cooke and produced by Bert Marcus and Adrian Grenier. The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was theatrically released in June 2013. The documentary starts out as a mock guide to how to be a successful pusher, explains how drug dealers, smugglers, kingpins and drug lords make money and the risks involved, with the ultimate aim of setting the stage for the real purpose for the film. It then seriously examines what perpetuates the War\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18149577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling To Zebras\",\n \"text\": \"Gallagher, revenues almost reached $1M a year. Jeff engaged multiple VC firms but none were interested in a small consulting company. So he struck up a deal with a local entrepreneur and software architect, Tom Bowe, to development a cloud-based sales automation software system based on the Selling To Zebras sales methodology. Selling To Zebras Selling to Zebras: How to Close 90% of the Business You Pursue Faster, More Easily, and More Profitably is a sales book written by Jeff Koser. In the methodology every sales prospect is quantified by scoring seven traits. The book won \\\"USA Book News\\\"' \\\"Best\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17376328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Carnegie\",\n \"text\": \"for the firm. His parents moved to Belton, Missouri in 1910 after he graduated and when Carnegie was 22. Carnegie would visit frequently throughout his life and would be buried in the family plot there. After saving $500 (about $ today), Dale Carnegie quit sales in 1911 in order to pursue a lifelong dream of becoming a Chautauqua lecturer. He ended up instead attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, but found little success as an actor, though it is written that he played the role of Dr. Hartley in a road show of \\\"Polly of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1874170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do\",\n \"text\": \"2002 DVD \\\"Pull Over\\\", Taylor explains that a story about a woman in a shoe manufacturing plant in Massachusetts, described in the book, inspired the song. In the television series \\\"The Facts of Life\\\", \\\"Working\\\" is one of the books parents wanted to ban in the episode \\\"Read No Evil\\\". Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \\\"Working\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7657281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Friendly Ghost\",\n \"text\": \"the children from being forced to leave. The short concludes with the mother seeing Casper (now wearing schoolboy clothes), Bonnie, and Johnny off to school together. The Friendly Ghost The Friendly Ghost is a Famous Studios cartoon released on 16 November 1945 as part of its \\\"Noveltoons\\\" series of animated short movies. It is the first cartoon to feature the character Casper the Friendly Ghost. Casper is seen reading the book \\\"How to Win Friends\\\", a real book by Dale Carnegie. Every night at midnight his brothers and sisters scare people, except for Casper, who doesn't want to scare people,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10322753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling To Zebras\",\n \"text\": \"trying to perfect his selling techniques. The book was published in 2009 by Greenleaf Book Group Press. \\\"Jeff Koser wrote a book that I consider one of the best sales books I have read in the last decade. What made this book interesting was their methodology and process for identifying a company's best prospects. They developed a very scientific analytical model that can be used by any company.\\\" -Marc Kramer, quoted from an article in \\\"The Entrepreneur\\\". Koser created Selling to Zebras, Inc. as a consulting company in Wisconsin. After a few years, with the help of long-time friend Brian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17376327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Rolling Stone\\\" readers' poll, titled \\\"10 Greatest Solo Beatle Songs\\\", the song placed fourth, with the editor commenting: \\\"The track is deceptively simple, and more layers become apparent the more often you play it.\\\" \\\"What Is Life\\\" has featured in Bruce Pollock's book \\\"The 7,500 Most Important Songs of 1944–2000\\\", Treble website's \\\"The Top 200 Songs of the 1970s\\\" (ranked at number 101) and Dave Thompson's \\\"1000 Songs That Rock Your World\\\" (at number 247). \\\"What Is Life\\\" was included on the 1976 compilation \\\"The Best of George Harrison\\\" as well as 2009's \\\"\\\". The song has also been featured\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7728604\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Carnegie\",\n \"text\": \"change other people's behavior by changing one's behavior toward them. Born Dale Harbison Carnagey in 1888 in Maryville, Missouri, Carnegie was a poor farmer's son, the second son of James William Carnagey (b. Indiana, 1852-1941) and his wife Amanda Elizabeth Harbison (b. Missouri, 1858-1939). Carnegie grew up around Bedison, Missouri southeast of Maryville and attended rural Rose Hill and Harmony one room schools (which would be consolidated after he left into Maryville High School). Carnegie would develop a long-standing friendship with another Maryville author Homer Croy. In 1904, when he was 16-years old, his family moved to a farm in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1874168\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling Blue Elephants\",\n \"text\": \"much less the solution. The book describes best practices in the RDE from some of today's top companies: HP, Prego, Vlasic, MasterCard and others. Filled with real-life stories, this book changes the way people think about selling to their present and future customers. The book is currently under contracts to be translated and published in Germany, Italy, Spain (both full and digest), Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan (Chinese Traditional), China (Chinese Simplified), South Korea, Russia, Netherlands, Lebanon, Romania (both full and digest), Thailand, India, Lithuania and Vietnam. Selling Blue Elephants Selling Blue Elephants: How to Make Great Products That People Want Before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10327673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Icewind Dale\",\n \"text\": \"of July and 16th-highest of August. According to Chart-Track, \\\"Icewind Dale\\\" was the United Kingdom's best-selling computer game for its debut week, breaking \\\"Diablo II\\\"s three-week streak in the region. It dropped to third place the following week, before exiting Chart-Track's weekly top 5. Discussing \\\"Icewind Dale\\\"s chart performance, a writer for \\\"PC Zone\\\" mentioned being \\\"a little surprised at seeing \\\"Diablo II\\\" capitulate so easily, especially to \\\"Icewind Dale\\\", despite the success of \\\"Baldur's Gate\\\".\\\" \\\"Icewind Dale\\\" was the United Kingdom's third-best-selling computer game of August, placing above \\\"Diablo II\\\" for the month. According to \\\"PC Gamer US\\\", it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2007192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What You See Is What You Get (book)\",\n \"text\": \"What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful multi-millionaire tycoon, received a knighthood, and was appointed to the House of Lords. Sir Alan also reveals his main method of business and entrepreneurial activity: (a) observing what market leaders are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14962369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living\",\n \"text\": \"because he hated his position in life, which he attributes to wanting to figure out how to stop worrying. The book's goal is to lead the reader to a more enjoyable and fulfilling life, helping them to become more aware of, not only themselves, but others around them. Carnegie tries to address the everyday nuances of living, in order to get the reader to focus on the more important aspects of life. It is now a world-famous, self-help book amongst many people. The book contains eight sections, as follows: How to Stop Worrying and Start Living How to Stop Worrying\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7746356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Be Popular\",\n \"text\": \"and the individual, but the phrase is widely used in the small town. This has caused Steph to feel like a social pariah. Steph has since been content to hang out with her best friends Jason and Becca, also social outcasts, but as she enters the eleventh grade, she wants more out of high school. Luckily, she finds a copy of an old book titled none other than \\\"How to be Popular\\\" while cleaning out Jason's grandmother's attic. The book is full of useful tips. She follows the book's advice and begins the school year with flat-ironed hair and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8698300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Carnegie\",\n \"text\": \"Circus\\\". When the production ended, he returned to New York, unemployed, nearly broke, and living at the YMCA on 125th Street. There he got the idea to teach public speaking, and he persuaded the YMCA manager to allow him to instruct a class in return for 80% of the net proceeds. In his first session, he had run out of material. Improvising, he suggested that students speak about \\\"something that made them angry\\\", and discovered that the technique made speakers unafraid to address a public audience. From this 1912 debut, the Dale Carnegie Course evolved. Carnegie had tapped into the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1874171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)\",\n \"text\": \"her dog. In response, Sophie attacks Sidney, attracting negative attention and ruining his reputation. Nonetheless, Sidney, who has quit his job with Sharps, and feels a slight confusion concerning his life's direction, seeks out Alison, who by now has separated with Lawrence, and the two of them begin a relationship. Due to the subject matter of the film, a number of well known faces appear in archive footage, including Ricky Gervais, Kate Winslet, and Daniel Craig. \\\"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\\\" is an independent film, and was described as \\\"a testosterone-laced \\\"Devil Wears Prada\\\".\\\" The film was produced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Such Good Friends\",\n \"text\": \"Such Good Friends Such Good Friends is a 1971 American comedy-drama film directed by Otto Preminger and starring Dyan Cannon, James Coco, and Jennifer O'Neill. The screenplay by Esther Dale (a pseudonym for Elaine May) is based on the novel of the same title by Lois Gould. Manhattanite Julie Messinger, a complacent housewife and mother of two raucous young sons, is married to Richard, a chauvinistic and self-centered magazine art director and author of a best-selling children's book. When he falls into a coma during minor surgery to remove a nonmalignant mole on his neck, Julie learns from his doctor,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13510954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\",\n \"text\": \"What Is Life \\\"What Is Life\\\" is a song by the English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album \\\"All Things Must Pass\\\". In many countries, it was issued as the second single from the album, in February 1971, becoming a top-ten hit in the United States, Canada and elsewhere, and topping singles charts in Australia and Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, \\\"What Is Life\\\" appeared as the B-side to \\\"My Sweet Lord\\\", which was the best-selling single there of 1971. Harrison's backing musicians on the song include Eric Clapton and the entire Delaney & Bonnie Friends band,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7728581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Be a Jewish Mother\",\n \"text\": \"mère juive en 10 leçons\\\", met with long-running success. Gertrude Berg also released a best-selling comedy album from the book in 1965. It was re-issued as a mass market paperback in 1991 (, ). How to Be a Jewish Mother How to Be a Jewish Mother is a 1964 Jewish humor book by American humorist Dan Greenburg which was the best selling non-fiction book in the United States in 1965, with 270,000 copies sold. The book was first published by Price Stern Sloan under publisher Larry Sloan. The book was adapted into a play starring Molly Picon and Godfrey Cambridge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16756539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Merle Miller\",\n \"text\": \"Merle Miller Merle Dale Miller (May 17, 1919 – June 10, 1986) was an American writer, novelist, and author who is perhaps best remembered for his best-selling biography of Harry S. Truman, and as a pioneer in the gay rights movement. Miller came out of the closet in an article in the \\\"New York Times Magazine\\\" on January 17, 1971, titled \\\"What It Means to Be a Homosexual\\\". The response of over 2,000 letters to the article (more than ever received by that newspaper) led to a book publication later that year. The book was reprinted by Penguin Classics in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4663050\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Steve Jobs (book)\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Jobs (book) Steve Jobs is the authorized self-titled biography book of Steve Jobs. The book was written at the request of Jobs by Walter Isaacson, a former executive at CNN and \\\"TIME\\\" who has written best-selling biographies of Benjamin Franklin and Albert Einstein. Based on more than forty interviews with Jobs conducted over two years—in addition to interviews with more than one hundred family members, friends, adversaries, competitors, and colleagues—Isaacson was given \\\"unprecedented\\\" access to Jobs's life. Jobs is said to have encouraged the people interviewed to speak honestly. Although Jobs cooperated with the book, he asked for no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15992612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Avoid Huge Ships\",\n \"text\": \"confronted by the near presence of a large ship such as a freighter, along with anecdotes and background information such as the capabilities and operating procedures of the large ships. The book won the 1992 Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year and was used to title the first compilation of prize winners, \\\"How to Avoid Huge Ships and Other Implausibly Titled Books\\\" (2008). The book finished third in \\\"The Bookseller\\\"'s 2008 competition for the oddest book title of all time (behind \\\"Greek Rural Postmen and Their Cancellation Numbers\\\" and \\\"People Who Don't Know They're Dead: How They Attach\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17104322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)\",\n \"text\": \"by Number 9 Films. In 2006, Simon Pegg was announced as the lead, Kirsten Dunst was revealed to appear in the film in late April 2007, and in May 2007, Jeff Bridges and Gillian Anderson were added. Toby Young, who wrote the memoir, was banned from the set because he was constantly annoying the cast and crew. Metro Station's song \\\"Shake It\\\" and Phantom Planet's song \\\"Do The Panic\\\" were used in the trailer. \\\"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\\\" opened as one of the United Kingdom's number one films at the box office, taking the equivalent of US$7,055,425\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Directed by Robert B. Weide, it stars Simon Pegg, Kirsten Dunst, Danny Huston, Gillian Anderson, Megan Fox and Jeff Bridges, alongside Max Minghella and Margo Stilley. \\\"How to Lose Friends & Alienate People\\\" was released simultaneously in the United Kingdom (by Paramount Pictures) and the United States (by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) on 3 October 2008. Sidney Young, an aspiring British journalist who runs a failing polemical magazine, attempts to infiltrate a party organized by Clayton Harding (Jeff Bridges), the CEO of Sharps, one of the most prestigious magazines in the world. In doing so, he momentarily gains Clayton's sympathy, as the latter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180219\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Make Money Selling Drugs\",\n \"text\": \"the 2013 Champs-Élysées Film Festival. How to Make Money Selling Drugs How to Make Money Selling Drugs is documentary film written, directed and narrated by Matthew Cooke and produced by Bert Marcus and Adrian Grenier. The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was theatrically released in June 2013. The documentary starts out as a mock guide to how to be a successful pusher, explains how drug dealers, smugglers, kingpins and drug lords make money and the risks involved, with the ultimate aim of setting the stage for the real purpose for the film. It then seriously\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18149581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Do Best\",\n \"text\": \"What I Do Best What I Do Best is Sheryn Regis' second studio album under Star Records, released on July 2005 in the Philippines.It was her 2nd best selling album up to date which it sold over 20,000 copies and certified as gold by Philippine Association of the Record Industry.The album produce chart topping singles. The album was made available on digital download thru iTunes, Amazon and Mymusicstore. The album's carrier single bears the same title as the album itself and is a cover of a Robin S. original. Other cover songs on the album include Lani Hall's \\\"I Don't\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10538625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling Blue Elephants\",\n \"text\": \"Selling Blue Elephants Selling Blue Elephants: How to Make Great Products That People Want Before They Even Know They Want Them is a book written by Howard Moskowitz and Alex Gofman (Publisher: Wharton School Publishing 2007). The book outlines a new solution-oriented learning experience co-developed with Prof. Jerry (Yoram) Wind of Wharton School of Business - Rule Developing Experimentation (RDE). RDE is the systematized process of designing, testing and modifying alternative ideas, packages, products, or services in a disciplined way so that the developer and marketer discover what appeals to the customer, even if the customer can't articulate the need,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10327672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Not to Be Wrong\",\n \"text\": \"How Not to Be Wrong How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking, written by Jordan Ellenberg, is a \\\"New York Times Best Selling\\\" book that connects various economic and societal philosophies with basic mathematics and statistical principles. \\\"How Not to Be Wrong\\\" explains the mathematics behind some of simplest day-to-day thinking. It then goes into more complex decisions people make. For example, Ellenberg explains many misconceptions about lotteries and whether or not they can be mathematically beaten. Ellenberg uses mathematics to examine real-world issues ranging from the fetishizing of straight lines in the reporting of obesity to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19627097\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Be Black\",\n \"text\": \"J. Victoria Sanders of the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\" said the book \\\"makes light of uncomfortable truths about America's awkward relationship to stereotypical and monolithic blackness by offering very funny advice about such topics as 'How to Be the Black Friend,' 'How to Speak for All Black People' and 'How to Be the Black Employee'\\\" but said that Thurston was at his best when describing his troubled upbringing in which his father was murdered, forcing his mother to raise him alone as well as his experiences at Sidwell Friends School and Harvard University. How to Be Black How to Be Black\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17395138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\",\n \"text\": \"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \\\"New York Times Book Review\\\" as one of the \\\"Times\\\"' \\\"10 Best Books of 2008\\\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12715772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Down Under (book)\",\n \"text\": \"on to illustrate how the Australians built a dynamic and prosperous society from a modest and unpropitious beginning. The rest of this section is devoted to the author's account of what he considers to be Civilized Australia. 3. Around the edges This part of the journey covers the Great Barrier Reef, Alice Springs and the mighty monolithic rock Uluru. Down Under (book) Down Under is the British title of a 2000 travelogue book about Australia written by best-selling travel writer Bill Bryson. In the United States and Canada it was published titled In a Sunburned Country, a title taken from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9795712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror\",\n \"text\": \"because of the identity of the authors, the scope of the book and the vigor of argumentation, this one deserves special attention.\\\" An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror () is a 2004 book about the \\\"War on Terror\\\", analyzing Islamic terrorist networks and proposing policies the United States government should adopt to defeat them. The book was co-written by Richard Perle, who had previously been chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, and David Frum, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6765148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror\",\n \"text\": \"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror () is a 2004 book about the \\\"War on Terror\\\", analyzing Islamic terrorist networks and proposing policies the United States government should adopt to defeat them. The book was co-written by Richard Perle, who had previously been chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, and David Frum, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. In 2004, Frum replied to some of the critics of the book in \\\"He That Stands It Now ...\\\", an article that appeared\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6765146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not\",\n \"text\": \"as good\\\". In 2009 the album placed at number 9 in MTV's 'Greatest Album Ever' online poll. The album was also included in the book \\\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\\\". Credits adapted from liner notes. Arctic Monkeys Additional musicians Technical Design Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not is the debut studio album by English rock band Arctic Monkeys, released on 23 January 2006 by Domino Recording Company. The album surpassed Elastica's self-titled album to become the fastest selling debut album in British music history, shifting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6658302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Irritate People\",\n \"text\": \"quality of the colours. How to Irritate People How to Irritate People is a 1968 television broadcast written by John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Marty Feldman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. Cleese, Chapman, and Brooke-Taylor also feature in it, along with future Monty Python collaborators Michael Palin and Connie Booth. In various sketches, Cleese demonstrates exactly what the title suggests—how to irritate people, although this is done in a much more conventional way than the absurdity of similar Monty Python sketches. The \\\"Job Interview\\\" sketch, starring Cleese as the interviewer and Brooke-Taylor as the interviewee, was later performed, almost unchanged, in the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4207240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Irritate People\",\n \"text\": \"How to Irritate People How to Irritate People is a 1968 television broadcast written by John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Marty Feldman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. Cleese, Chapman, and Brooke-Taylor also feature in it, along with future Monty Python collaborators Michael Palin and Connie Booth. In various sketches, Cleese demonstrates exactly what the title suggests—how to irritate people, although this is done in a much more conventional way than the absurdity of similar Monty Python sketches. The \\\"Job Interview\\\" sketch, starring Cleese as the interviewer and Brooke-Taylor as the interviewee, was later performed, almost unchanged, in the first season of \\\"Monty Python's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4207233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Happened (Clinton book)\",\n \"text\": \"United States. In Canada, \\\"What Happened\\\" debuted atop \\\"The Globe and Mail\\\"s hardcover non-fiction best sellers list. It remained atop the chart for six consecutive weeks. In the United Kingdom, \\\" What Happened\\\" debuted atop \\\"The Sunday Times\\\" bestseller list. In Ireland, \\\"What Happened\\\" was able to peak atop the Nielson Bookscan component chart for hardcover non-fiction. On the primary Irish Nielsen Bookscan chart tracking sales of both hardcover and paperback books in all genres, \\\"What Happened\\\" debuted at number ten (selling 767 copies). It jumped to number seven in its second week (selling 800 copies). It jumped further to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20270178\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Happened (Clinton book)\",\n \"text\": \"number four in its third week (selling 1,117 copies). In its fourth week it dropped to number six (however with consistent sales, selling 1,116 copies). It exited the top-ten in its seventh week. In New Zealand, \\\"What Happened\\\" debuted number 8 on Nielsen Bookscan's \\\"International Non-fiction - Adults\\\" chart. In Australia, \\\"What Happened\\\" charted on \\\"Books+Publishing\\\"s bestsellers chart. \\\"What Happened\\\" polarized book critics. \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave it a \\\"B\\\" grade. Writer Tina Jordan said: I think the first woman candidate for President, the one who won the popular vote, has every right to offer her own take on the election.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20270179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Carnegie\",\n \"text\": \"Warrensburg where he completed his high schooling in 1906. During his high school years he grew interested in the speeches at the various Chautauqua assemblies. Carnegie said he had to get up at 3 a.m. to feed the pigs and milk his parents' cows before going to school. He attended State Teacher's College in Warrensburg graduating in 1908. His first job after college was selling correspondence courses to ranchers. He moved on to selling bacon, soap, and lard for Armour & Company. He was successful to the point of making his sales territory of South Omaha, Nebraska, the national leader\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1874169\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Work a Room\",\n \"text\": \"How to Work a Room How to Work a Room: The Ultimate Guide to Making Lasting Connections In Person and Online is a self-help book by Susan RoAne. It was first published in 1988 as \\\"How to Work a Room: A Guide to Successfully Managing the Mingling.\\\" It is a guidebook on how to socialize at parties and other events, oriented towards the business community. The 25th Anniversary edition was published in 2013 by William Morrow Paperbacks. The book has sold over a million copies, and was number one on Book-of-the-Month Club's list of best-selling nonfiction books in 1990. RoAne\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17709511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Super Best Friends\",\n \"text\": \"Teaming up with Jesus, Stan calls upon the Super Best Friends, a parody of the Super Friends, to destroy Blaine and thwart the mass suicide pact he has launched. The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA in the United States. It depicts several religious figures, including Muhammad, whose appearance at the time of the original airing caused little to no controversy. Following Islamists' death threats regarding Muhammad's portrayal in the 2010 episode titled \\\"201\\\", the South Park Studios website no longer streams \\\"Super Best Friends\\\", nor is it available for streaming or purchase from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5842669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Carnegie\",\n \"text\": \"in the adult education movement of the time. During World War I he served in the U.S. Army spending the time at Camp Upton. His draft card noted he had filed for Conscientious objector status and had a loss of a forefinger. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1931. On November 5, 1944, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, he married Dorothy Price Vanderpool (1913–1998), who also had been divorced. Vanderpool had two daughters; Rosemary, from her first marriage, and Donna Dale from their marriage together. Carnegie died at his home in Forest Hills, New York. He was buried in the Belton,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1874174\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Multipliers: How the Best Leaders Make Everyone Smarter\",\n \"text\": \"productivity at a minimum. The authors give what they consider to be solutions and guidance to the issues they bring up in the book. Critical reception was mostly positive, with the Gulf News commenting that it would help \\\"usher in a decade focused less on stuff and more on people\\\". Publishers Weekly gave a mixed review, stating that the \\\"breadth of the material is better suited for a lengthy article than a full business book, and the effort to stretch it into a longer work diminishes the meaningful research\\\". Multipliers: How the Best Leaders Make Everyone Smarter Multipliers: How the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7489196\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How to Lie with Statistics\",\n \"text\": \"How to Lie with Statistics How to Lie with Statistics is a book written by Darrell Huff in 1954 presenting an introduction to statistics for the general reader. Not a statistician, Huff was a journalist who wrote many \\\"how to\\\" articles as a freelancer. The book is a brief illustrated volume outlining errors when it comes to the interpretation of statistics, and how these errors may create incorrect conclusions. In the 1960s and 1970s, it became a standard textbook introduction to the subject of statistics for many college students. It has become one of the best-selling statistics books in history,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5381383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gary S. Lachman\",\n \"text\": \"distribute to their patients. This book is one of the few resources that provides cancer patients with a \\\"no holds barred\\\" account of what to expect during treatment and the absolute necessity for being your own best advocate. Gary Lachman is currently working on his fifth novel. Titled \\\"FRIENDSHIPPING\\\", it is the story of a man who finds himself through the love of his friends from all over the world. Gary S. Lachman Gary S. Lachman (born in New York City, United States) is an American author, international lawyer and former Portfolio Manager for the U.S. Department of State. Formerly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15001463\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Not to Be Wrong\",\n \"text\": \"illuminating exposition, wit, and helpful examples...Ellenberg shares Gardner's remarkable ability to write clearly and entertainingly, bringing in deep mathematical ideas without the reader registering their difficulty\\\". Salon describes the book as \\\"A poet-mathematician offers an empowering and entertaining primer for the age of Big Data...A rewarding popular math book for just about anyone\\\". How Not to Be Wrong How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking, written by Jordan Ellenberg, is a \\\"New York Times Best Selling\\\" book that connects various economic and societal philosophies with basic mathematics and statistical principles. \\\"How Not to Be Wrong\\\" explains the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19627112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dale Hample\",\n \"text\": \"Dale Hample Dale Hample is an American argumentation and rhetorical scholar, associate Professor at the University of Maryland . He has published many peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and written one book and edited another. After receiving a PhD at the University of Illinois in 1975, he taught at Western Illinois University until 2007, when he took a teaching position at Maryland. Some of his major accomplishments include developing measures for the ways in which people edit arguments (cognitive editorial standards), discussing how people produce argumentative discourse (inventional capacity), and how they view arguments (argument frames and taking conflict personally).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9770946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frank Bettger\",\n \"text\": \"his insurance presentations. He also met a successful salesman and took his advice to read the\\\" Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin\\\". A light went on in his mind when he realized that Franklin's Socratic method of asking \\\"key\\\" questions might work with selling policies. He tried it, it worked, and Bettger began to perfect his technique with great enthusiasm. After succeeding in life insurance sales and becoming Top Salesman for 20 years with Fidelity Mutual, he met Dale Carnegie. Carnegie encouraged Bettger to write his first best-selling books: \\\"How I Raised Myself from Failure to Success in Selling\\\" and \\\"How I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6957501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Happened (Clinton book)\",\n \"text\": \"suggests \\\"that the person we've seen over the past quarter-century, and the person we watched seek the presidency twice, \\\"is\\\" the authentic Hillary. In fact, to judge by her book, she may have been the most authentic person in the race.\\\" \\\"Time\\\" magazine listed \\\"What Happened\\\" as #1 on its list of the best non-fiction books of 2017. NPR's Book Concierge included \\\"What Happened\\\" on its list of \\\"2017's Great Reads.\\\" \\\"What Happened\\\" also won the Goodreads Choice Award for \\\"Best Memoir & Autobiography\\\". It was announced on August 28, 2017, that Hillary Clinton would be starting a North American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20270186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Friends (Wilson novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Best Friends (Wilson novel) Best Friends is a children's novel by Jacqueline Wilson, first published in 2004. In this book Biscuits' surname is McVitie, but in Cliffhanger his surname is Baker, as Tim wrote a postcard to him with the name as Mr \\\"Biscuits\\\" Baker; this may be due to the fact that Alice hates Biscuits, and McVitie's are a biscuits company, so she might be making fun out of him. \\\"See\\\": Best Friends (TV series) In 2005, a five-part adaptation was produced by CITV. It followed the book closely, but with a few minor alterations and a new ending.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7249068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Friends (Wilson novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Best Friends (Wilson novel) Best Friends is a children's novel by Jacqueline Wilson, first published in 2004. In this book Biscuits' surname is McVitie, but in Cliffhanger his surname is Baker, as Tim wrote a postcard to him with the name as Mr \\\"Biscuits\\\" Baker; this may be due to the fact that Alice hates Biscuits, and McVitie's are a biscuits company, so she might be making fun out of him. \\\"See\\\": Best Friends (TV series) In 2005, a five-part adaptation was produced by CITV. It followed the book closely, but with a few minor alterations and a new ending.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7249067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"On How Life Is\",\n \"text\": \"On How Life Is On How Life Is is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Macy Gray. It was released on July 1, 1999, by Epic Records. Produced by Andrew Slater, it became Gray's best-selling album to date, selling 3.2 million copies in the United States and seven million copies worldwide. The album's second single, \\\"I Try\\\", became an international hit, topping the charts in Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, while reaching number five on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The song also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2001. \\\"On How\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6727189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best alternative to a negotiated agreement\",\n \"text\": \"as a hard negotiation style; a theoretical example of this is \\\"adversarial approach style negotiation\\\". Others may employ a soft style, which is friendly, trusting, compromising, and conflict avoiding. According to Fisher and Ury, when hard negotiators meet soft negotiators, the hard negotiators usually win their position, but at the cost of potentially damaging the long term relationship between the parties. Attractive alternatives are needed to develop a strong BATNA. In the best-selling book \\\"Getting to YES: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In\\\", the authors give 3 suggestions of how to accomplish this: In negotiations involving different cultures, all parties need\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1486654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Do the Best\",\n \"text\": \"Grand on his 1998 debut album \\\"Famous First Words\\\". As listed in liner notes. What I Do the Best What I Do the Best is the fourth studio album by American country music artist John Michael Montgomery. The tracks \\\"Ain't Got Nothin' on Us\\\", \\\"Friends\\\", \\\"How Was I to Know\\\" and \\\"I Miss You a Little\\\" were all released as singles, peaking at #15, #2, #2 and #6, respectively on the Hot Country Songs charts, making this the first album of his career not to produce a #1 hit. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for one million\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11349186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Do the Best\",\n \"text\": \"What I Do the Best What I Do the Best is the fourth studio album by American country music artist John Michael Montgomery. The tracks \\\"Ain't Got Nothin' on Us\\\", \\\"Friends\\\", \\\"How Was I to Know\\\" and \\\"I Miss You a Little\\\" were all released as singles, peaking at #15, #2, #2 and #6, respectively on the Hot Country Songs charts, making this the first album of his career not to produce a #1 hit. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for one million shipments in the US. \\\"Cloud 8\\\" was later recorded by Canadian country artist Gil\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11349185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror\",\n \"text\": \"in the \\\"National Review\\\". Danielle Pletka, a foreign policy analyst at the American Enterprise Institute, told \\\"The Jewish Daily Forward\\\", \\\"The political prescriptions contained are terrific. This is a very thoughtful articulation of how to fight the battle ahead of us.\\\" Political scientist Fareed Zakaria said about the book: \\\"It is now possible to describe a neoconservative foreign policy, and David Frum and Richard Perle's new book, \\\"An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror,\\\" is a useful guide to it. There have been many books written by neoconservatives on aspects of the war on terror, but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6765147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Friends Forever (South Park)\",\n \"text\": \"the show has beaten other nominees, such as \\\"The Simpsons\\\" and other winners. It also became the fourth prime time animated cartoon, and the first cable TV series, to win the award, behind \\\"The Simpsons\\\", \\\"King of the Hill\\\" and \\\"Futurama\\\". \\\"Best Friends Forever\\\" generally received positive reviews for its portrayal of the Terri Schiavo case. In her book \\\"The Deep End of South Park\\\", Leslie Stratyner applauds the episode for its ability to \\\"tackle such challenging issues as...right to die in 'Best Friends Forever'...its 'devil-may-care' attitude that has brought a fair amount of acclaim\\\". On a different aspect of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4827370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Saw and How I Lied\",\n \"text\": \"What I Saw and How I Lied What I Saw and How I Lied is a novel for young adults written by Judy Blundell and published by Scholastic in 2008. It won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature. \\\"What I Saw and How I Lied\\\" is historical fiction set in the United States after World War II. Scholastic recommends it for age 13+. The audiobook edition, narrated by Caitlin Greer, appeared on the Young Adult Library Services Association Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults list in 2011. WHAT I SAW AND HOW I LIED, a film noir\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13550892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not\",\n \"text\": \"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not is the debut studio album by English rock band Arctic Monkeys, released on 23 January 2006 by Domino Recording Company. The album surpassed Elastica's self-titled album to become the fastest selling debut album in British music history, shifting over 360,000 copies in its first week, and remains the fastest selling debut album by a band. It has since gone quintuple platinum in the UK. It is the only album to feature Andy Nicholson as bass player before he was replaced by Nick\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6658288\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["influential","influence (disambiguation)","influence"],"string":"[\n \"influential\",\n \"influence (disambiguation)\",\n \"influence\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78297,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what can be a powered drink, a fish, and a highly decorated wwii us submarine?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"A Drink and a Quick Decision","text":"A Drink and a Quick Decision A Drink and a Quick Decision is the second album from British duo Grand National. The album was first released as a digital download on 18 June 2007, then released on CD and 12\" vinyl 11 September 2007 in the US, and 8 March 2008 in the UK. The US edition of the album comes with the bonus track \"Old Man,\" a Neil Young cover, a music video by Steven Compton for \"Old Man\" consisting mostly of the band recording the song, and an enhanced video of \"By the Time I Get Home There","psg_id":"10654477"},{"title":"Help! I'm a Fish","text":"MacKrill head out onto the ocean in a desperate search. When a storm blows in, Fly recognizes the futility of their search and goes to drink the potion. Though the professor warns him that if he does not get the antidote within 48 hours he will be a fish forever, Fly drinks it and jumps overboard, becoming a \"Californian Flyfish\". The boat capsizes and, because Chuck cannot swim, he's forced to drink the potion to survive, becoming a jellyfish. The Professor, the boat and all of its contents sink beneath the waves. A great white shark and a pilot fish","psg_id":"4837904"},{"title":"You Can Tune a Piano, but You Can't Tuna Fish","text":"You Can Tune a Piano, but You Can't Tuna Fish You Can Tune a Piano, but You Can't Tuna Fish is the seventh studio album by REO Speedwagon, released in 1978. It was their first album to be co-produced by lead singer Kevin Cronin and lead guitarist Gary Richrath. The album was REO's first to make the Top 40, peaking at No. 29. The album sold over 2 million copies in the US, which led it to being certified 2× Platinum. This is the first album to feature Bruce Hall on bass, replacing Gregg Philbin. In 2013, the album was","psg_id":"7618913"},{"title":"US-A","text":"US-A Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyy (' for Controlled Active Satellite), or US-A, also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT, was a series of Soviet reconnaissance satellites. Launched between 1967 and 1988 to monitor NATO and merchant vessels using radar, the satellites were powered by nuclear reactors. Because a return signal from an ordinary target illuminated by a radar transmitter diminishes as the inverse of the fourth power of the distance, for the surveillance radar to work effectively, US-A satellites had to be placed in low Earth orbit. Had they used large solar panels for power, the","psg_id":"2898657"},{"title":"A-class submarine (1903)","text":"A-class submarine (1903) The A class was the Royal Navy's first class of British-designed submarines. Thirteen were built by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness between 1902 and 1905 as an improvement on the US . While there was considerable variation amongst the boats of the class, they were around long and displaced around 200 tons when submerged. The first, \"A1\" (ordered as \"Holland No. 6\"), was launched in July 1902, the last, \"A13\", in April 1905. All were propelled underwater by battery-powered electric motors and on the surface by shaft-drive Wolseley petrol engines of (\"A1\"), (\"A2-A4\") or (\"A5\"-\"A12\"). \"A13\" had an experimental","psg_id":"3765236"},{"title":"Only a God Can Save Us","text":"his philosophy and political involvement. The \"Der Spiegel\" interviewers did not bring up Heidegger's 1949 quotation comparing the industrialization of agriculture to the extermination camps. In fact, the interviewers were not in possession of much of the evidence now known for Heidegger's Nazi sympathies. Only a God Can Save Us \"Only a God Can Save Us\" () refers to an interview given by Martin Heidegger to Rudolf Augstein and for \"Der Spiegel\" magazine on September 23, 1966. Heidegger agreed to discuss his political past provided that the interview be published posthumously. It was published five days after his death, on","psg_id":"20482457"},{"title":"Only a God Can Save Us","text":"Only a God Can Save Us \"Only a God Can Save Us\" () refers to an interview given by Martin Heidegger to Rudolf Augstein and for \"Der Spiegel\" magazine on September 23, 1966. Heidegger agreed to discuss his political past provided that the interview be published posthumously. It was published five days after his death, on 31 May 1976. It is translated by William J. Richardson into English. In the interview, Heidegger defended his entanglement with National Socialism in two ways: first, he argued that there was no alternative, saying that he was trying to save the university (and science","psg_id":"20482454"},{"title":"I Used to Be a Fish","text":"is the author's first book. The idea of the book came to him on a different project, “I was thinking about mammals and reptiles and eggs, when I got to frogs. I started to wonder how a frog who used to be a tadpole would describe that experience, and a title for a different story just popped into my head.” I Used to Be a Fish I Used to be a Fish is a book written by Tom Sullivan for ages 4–8. A boy imagines his pet fish tells him the story of evolution. The 48-page book is drawn in","psg_id":"19860683"},{"title":"I Used to Be a Fish","text":"I Used to Be a Fish I Used to be a Fish is a book written by Tom Sullivan for ages 4–8. A boy imagines his pet fish tells him the story of evolution. The 48-page book is drawn in 3 colors: red, blue and white. It was described as similar in style to Dr Seuss by some reviewers due to the simple drawing style and absurdity of the tale. It includes a timeline and author's note at the end for older children or parents who want material for further discussion. Author-illustrator Tom Sullivan was a freelance graphic designer. This","psg_id":"19860682"},{"title":"US-A","text":"1988. Although most nuclear cores were successfully ejected into higher orbits, their orbits will still eventually decay. US-A satellites were a major source of space debris in low Earth orbit. The debris is created two ways: US-A Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyy (' for Controlled Active Satellite), or US-A, also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT, was a series of Soviet reconnaissance satellites. Launched between 1967 and 1988 to monitor NATO and merchant vessels using radar, the satellites were powered by nuclear reactors. Because a return signal from an ordinary target illuminated by a radar transmitter diminishes","psg_id":"2898660"},{"title":"A priori and a posteriori","text":"negation is not self-contradictory (thus, it is said that it is \"not\" true in every possible world). As Jason Baehr states, it seems plausible that all necessary propositions are known \"a priori\", because \"[s]ense experience can tell us only about the actual world and hence about what is the case; it can say nothing about what must or must not be the case.\" Following Kant, some philosophers have considered the relationship between aprioricity, analyticity, and necessity to be extremely close. According to Jerry Fodor, \"Positivism, in particular, took it for granted that \"a priori\" truths must be necessary...\" However, since","psg_id":"8596169"},{"title":"A Drink and a Quick Decision","text":"described the song \"Joker and Clown\" as \"one of 2007's best ballads.\" As listed on the album's sleeve, \"Joker and Clown\" is dedicated to Andrew Baty (1970-2007), a friend who died while the duo was recording the new album. The title of the album is a lyric taken from the hit song \"She's Gone\" by Hall & Oates. \"Cut by the Brakes\" contains a sample of \"Mit Dir\" by Robert Görl. \"Going to Switch the Lights On\" is based around a sample of the title track of The J. Geils Band album Monkey Island. A Drink and a Quick Decision","psg_id":"10654479"},{"title":"Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch","text":"The Smashing Pumpkins and Foo Fighters toured together across Canada. Touring effectively ended after Summersault as the band had announced work for a brand new studio album, \"Spiritual Machines\" which they had been working on since before the festival and which would be completed and released in Canada before the end of the year. Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch (written as simply Happiness... on the cover) is the third studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on September 21, 1999 by","psg_id":"5647165"},{"title":"What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World","text":"Boston Globe\" described the album as one of the band's \"most enjoyable and lively efforts in recent memory\", \"The New York Times\" noted that \"What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World\" \"strikes a note of pop concision and maturity, building on what worked on ‘The King Is Dead.’ Lyrically, there are fewer thistles and minarets and palanquins—and, musically, less digressive excess—than once made up the Decemberists’ trademark style.\" Jeremy Larson of Pitchfork Media was a detractor, bemoaning the album as \"overlong and under-ambitious\", though appreciating that listeners \"start to see Meloy himself more than ever\". Larson also wrote highly","psg_id":"18355623"},{"title":"Drink a Beer","text":"Bjorke also compared it favorably to Miranda Lambert's hit \"Over You\" in suggesting the song has \"the kind of powerful impact\" to warrant nods for \"Single of the Year\" or \"Song of the Year\". In \"HitFix\"′s review of \"Crash My Party\", Melinda Newman labelled \"Drink a Beer\" the strongest track on the album (grading it an A–) while praising the \"spare\" production and noting that the song \"doesn't try to be a tearjerker\" and is more effective as a result. \"Drink a Beer\" debuted at number 59 on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart dated of November 16, 2013. It debuted","psg_id":"17658685"},{"title":"What a Time to Be Alive","text":"debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with 375,000 album-equivalent units; it sold 334,000 copies in its first week, with the remainder of its unit count representing the album's streaming activity and track sales during the tracking week. It became both Drake and Future's second albums to chart at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 in 2015 (\"If You're Reading This It's Too Late\" and \"DS2\", respectively). In its second week it sold 65,000 copies. As of January 27, 2016, \"What a Time to Be Alive\" has sold 519,000 copies in the United States. The album was certified","psg_id":"19036618"},{"title":"When a white horse is not a horse","text":"be found in the widely known \"Happiness of Fish\" dialogue in \"Zhuangzi\" (17, tr. Watson 1968:188-9). Huizi says \"You're not a fish [子非魚] — how do you know what fish enjoy?\" (denying that Zhuangzi is a member of the class of fish) and Zhuangzi replies \"You're not I [子非我], so how do you know I don't know what fish enjoy?\" (denying that the individuals Huizi and Zhuangzi are identical). Beyond the inherent semantic ambiguities of \"Baima fei ma\", the first line obscurely asks \"ke hu\" \"Can it be that …?\". This dialogue could be an attempted proof that a white","psg_id":"5353601"},{"title":"A Quiet Drink","text":"has given up her job and is spending time at the library trying to educate herself. Eventually Steve and Claudia meet and go for 'a quiet drink' which has far-reaching consequences... A Quiet Drink A Quiet Drink, is the third novel by English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1980. Unlike her previous two novels it departs from the autobiographical. The book is set in London and concerns Claudia a magazine editor whose husband has just left her, Steve Mullen a cosmetics rep, and his wife June. Claudia is still yearning after her husband but then finds herself a lodger,","psg_id":"16962711"},{"title":"Drink a Beer","text":"Drink a Beer \"Drink a Beer\" is a song written by Jim Beavers and Chris Stapleton and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in November 2013 as the third single from his fourth studio album, \"Crash My Party\" (2013), and became his seventh number one on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart in February 2014. Bryan has described \"Drink a Beer\" as \"the coolest sad song ever\" and notes he connects with the story after having lost both of his siblings. The song is a country ballad about the unexpected loss of someone close. It tells","psg_id":"17658682"},{"title":"And Be a Villain","text":"And Be a Villain And Be a Villain (British title More Deaths Than One) is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1948. The story was collected in the omnibus volumes \"Full House\" (Viking 1961) and \"Triple Zeck\" (Viking 1974). A radio show guest is poisoned on the air during a plug for the show's sponsor, a soft-drink manufacturer. The negative publicity, and the low bank balance at tax time, brings Nero Wolfe into the case — and into his first recorded encounter with a shadowy master criminal. \"And Be a Villain\"","psg_id":"8349154"},{"title":"Be Careful What You Fish For","text":"Be Careful What You Fish For \"Be Careful What You Fish For\" is the fourteenth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". The episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 19, 2012. When Peter and the guys try to salvage a sunken Mercedes-Benz, Peter half-heartedly promises a favor to a helpful dolphin. Soon, the dolphin moves to Quahog but outstays his welcome at Peter's. Peter tries to reunite the dolphin with his ex-wife in hopes that he will return to the ocean. This episode was written by Steve Callaghan and directed","psg_id":"15892183"},{"title":"A Fish Called Selma","text":"Guy\", in order to get a better representation of his performance. Throughout \"A Fish Called Selma\", it is hinted that Troy engages in strange sexual activity. The writers initially did not know what the \"unsavory\" sexual preference would be, but eventually decided on a fish fetish, a suggestion from executive producer James L. Brooks, since it was \"so perverted and strange, that it was over the top\". At the episode's table reading, an attendee exclaimed that the line, \"from now on she's smoking for two\" has \"got to go\" from the script; however, her request was denied. On the walls","psg_id":"7321648"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"by SABMiller at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. It has been used by Anheuser-Busch InBev in China and Brazil and by the Sly Fox Brewing Company in the United States. Another variation on the drink can is to have a resealable lid. A version patented by Cogito Can in France has been used by Groupe Casino, the French grocery chain for its private label energy drink. Most large companies serve their beverages in printed cans, where designs are printed on the aluminum and then crafted into a can. Alternatively, cans can be wrapped with a plastic design,","psg_id":"2356496"},{"title":"Be Careful What You Fish For","text":"\"The Little Mermaid\", but none of the romantic plot is set up when Billy shows up in the first place. It’s the same random meandering through well-worn sitcom plot clichés that keeps \"Family Guy\" saddled with the “lazy” label. If this rerun comes on as some mindless background filler, it’ll do the job dutifully, but it’s getting increasingly frustrating to watch the show come up with material for Adam West that always hits the mark, but never find a way to fit other high-profile guest appearances into the framework.\" Be Careful What You Fish For \"Be Careful What You Fish","psg_id":"15892189"},{"title":"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl","text":"City Star gave a positive rating. The English Journal praised the book, recommending it to educators as a summer reading book for their students. The School Library Journal cited the free verse as a highlight of the book, naming \"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\" its \"Book of the Week\" in January 2006. A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl A Bad Boy Can Be Good For A Girl is the first novel by Tanya Lee Stone and written in a poetry-format. It follows the story of three girls who fall for the same bad","psg_id":"16659006"},{"title":"What a Treat","text":"What a Treat was retired to broodmare duty at owner George Widener's Old Kenney Farm near Lexington, Kentucky, where he bred her to Never Bend. Following Widener's death in December 1971, on February 12, 1972 What a Treat was auctioned through the Keeneland Sales to a breeding syndicate from France for a then world record price for a broodmare of US$450,000. Of the foals she birthed for her new owners, her mating to Northern Dancer was the most successful, producing the 1974 colt Be My Guest. Although Be My Guest proved to be a good miler who won three Conditions","psg_id":"13879208"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"3,570, down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978. Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the members' average age had increased to 59. Drink can A drink can (or beverage can) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, fruit juices, teas, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminium (75% of worldwide production) or tin-plated steel (25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide. The first commercial beer available in","psg_id":"2356498"},{"title":"VA-11 HALL-A","text":"can be served either aged or with ice. Players must also pay attention to infer what patrons actually want, which may be different from what they order. For example, a character might be feeling depressed and ask for a sweet drink, though the player instead giving them a shot of alcohol to help them forget their troubles would have a better effect. Alternately, the player may be able to make a character happy by talking to them instead of letting them feed on their alcoholism. At various points, the player can also tweak the customer's drink, such as adding Karmotrine","psg_id":"19561444"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"Drink can A drink can (or beverage can) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, fruit juices, teas, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminium (75% of worldwide production) or tin-plated steel (25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide. The first commercial beer available in cans began in 1935 in Richmond, Virginia. Not long after that, sodas, with their higher acidity and somewhat higher pressures, were available in cans. The key development for storing","psg_id":"2356464"},{"title":"What a Diff'rence a Day Made","text":"the US soul and Top 40 charts. Phillips performed the song on \"Saturday Night Live\", during its first season. The song, as performed by Dinah Washington, is used in the soundtrack of the following films: What a Diff'rence a Day Made \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made\", also recorded as \"What a Diff'rence a Day Makes\", is a popular song originally written in Spanish by María Grever, a Mexican songwriter, in 1934 with the title \"Cuando vuelva a tu lado\" (\"When I Return to Your Side\"). The song is also known in English as “What a Diff'rence a Day Makes”,","psg_id":"9152358"},{"title":"What a Time to Be Alive","text":"platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over a million units. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes and Tidal. Notes Credits adapted from album's liner notes and Tidal. Musicians Technical What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \"What a Time to Be Alive\" was supported by Drake and","psg_id":"19036619"},{"title":"What a Time to Be Alive","text":"What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \"What a Time to Be Alive\" was supported by Drake and Future's previous collaboration on the single \"Where Ya At\". As friends, they originally planned to record a mixtape together earlier in the year; the project never fully materialized. However, during recording sessions for \"Where Ya At\", the duo began working","psg_id":"19036612"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"the hole used for consuming the drink. Consumers could also easily cut themselves on the edges of the holes or get their fingers stuck. Press button cans were used by Pepsi in Canada from the 1970s to 1980s and Coors in the 1970s. They have since been replaced with pull tabs. Used in Australia, locally known as \"pop-tops\", for soft drinks during the early 1980s. Another variation on the drink can is the \"full aperture end\", where the entire lid can be removed – turning an aluminium can into a cup. Crown Holdings first designed the \"360 End\" for use","psg_id":"2356495"},{"title":"Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch","text":"Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch (written as simply Happiness... on the cover) is the third studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on September 21, 1999 by Columbia Records. The album was very successful in Canada, debuting at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 3x Platinum in July 2001. Hit singles from the album include \"One Man Army\", \"Is Anybody Home?\", and \"Thief\". The final track on the CD, \"Stealing Babies\", features Elvin Jones, a prominent post-bop","psg_id":"5647146"},{"title":"And Be a Villain","text":"smile, and smile, and be a villain.\" Remarking on the change from Stout's title to \"More Deaths Than One\" for the British edition, Rev. Fredrick G. Gotwald wrote, \"It seems strange that the name was changed in a country from which the original came.\" Cyril Orchard, the publisher of the weekly Horse Racing Almanac, is poisoned with cyanide during a live soft drink commercial on a popular radio talk show. A media sensation, the case attracts the attention of Nero Wolfe, who is facing a crippling income tax bill, and Archie Goodwin is dispatched to convince the producers and sponsors","psg_id":"8349156"},{"title":"What Makes a Battle","text":"garrison of 6000, 230 surrender.\" Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs, and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated, especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs. Emphasis then turns again to materiel. Showing all the destroyed planes, artillery, and ammunition, all needing to be replaced by the American workforce. But at the very end, images of the dead and wounded American soldiers are shown. The narrator assures us they will never be forgotten. What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US","psg_id":"9492583"},{"title":"Be with Us (A Year With...)","text":"music videos for \"Ladies Night\", \"If You Come to Me\", \"Be with You\", \"The Last Goodbye\", and \"The Tide Is High\". The DVD also contains a photo gallery. The DVD was certified Gold on 25 February 2005. Music Videos: Plus the girls singing: and much more Be with Us (A Year With...) Be with Us (A Year With...) is a 2003 DVD by English girl group Atomic Kitten. The DVD mainly consists of behind the scenes footage of a year in the life of the band. Liz McClarnon, Natasha Hamilton and Jenny Frost give an inside look how the music","psg_id":"8828697"},{"title":"A Quiet Drink","text":"A Quiet Drink A Quiet Drink, is the third novel by English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1980. Unlike her previous two novels it departs from the autobiographical. The book is set in London and concerns Claudia a magazine editor whose husband has just left her, Steve Mullen a cosmetics rep, and his wife June. Claudia is still yearning after her husband but then finds herself a lodger, the mysterious Alistair a librarian who keeps a diary which Claudia is desperate to read. Steve is realising his marriage to the June is beginning to lose its sparkle, whilst June","psg_id":"16962710"},{"title":"Here's a Drink","text":"hits compilation \"World Famous Classics\". Here's a Drink \"Here's a Drink\" is the fourth and final single from \"Stone Crazy\", a 1997 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released as a single by independent label Dixie Cup Records in 1997 and remains rare. The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by Juju and Psycho Les. The track samples \"1nce Again\" by A Tribe Called Quest. The song failed to chart or receive positive critical attention: Tom Doggett of RapReviews.com blames this on its \"unconventional sample\" and awkward staggered drums. It is nonetheless","psg_id":"12141887"},{"title":"Here's a Drink","text":"Here's a Drink \"Here's a Drink\" is the fourth and final single from \"Stone Crazy\", a 1997 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released as a single by independent label Dixie Cup Records in 1997 and remains rare. The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by Juju and Psycho Les. The track samples \"1nce Again\" by A Tribe Called Quest. The song failed to chart or receive positive critical attention: Tom Doggett of RapReviews.com blames this on its \"unconventional sample\" and awkward staggered drums. It is nonetheless featured on The Beatnuts' 1999","psg_id":"12141886"},{"title":"Type A submarine","text":"However, four boats were converted to new submarine class (\"I-13\" class), because a number of submarines of the \"I-400\" class were cancelled. They had a large hangar and were equipped with bulges to be able to operate 2 × special Aichi M6A1 \"Seiran\" attack bombers. The headquarters institutions were removed. Project number S48. Three boats were planned under the Kai-Maru 5 Programme. However, all boats were cancelled in late 1943, because the IJN turned its attention to the construction of in 1945. Type A submarine The was a class of submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which served during","psg_id":"13014221"},{"title":"Drink a Beer","text":"\"Drink a Beer\" is striking in its contrast to the party connotations of its title. The song was well received by music critics, who praised the unprecedented vulnerability in Bryan's delivery. Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" described the track as \"poignant\" and demonstrative of Bryan's ability to connect with an audience, while Christina Vinson of \"Taste of Country\" deemed \"Drink a Beer\" musically \"fantastic\" and lyrically \"extremely touching\". \"Roughstock\" editor Matt Bjorke indicated Bryan's impassioned vocals giving \"an air of authenticity to the lyrics\" as the reason for the song's effectiveness, and gave the song a four-and-a-half star ranking.","psg_id":"17658684"},{"title":"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl","text":"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl A Bad Boy Can Be Good For A Girl is the first novel by Tanya Lee Stone and written in a poetry-format. It follows the story of three girls who fall for the same bad boy intent on seducing every girl in school. Josie is thrilled when TL notices her across the dance floor because of her \"couldn't care less\" act. Although refusing to at first, she begins ignoring her best friends, Kim and Caroline, but never gives them the cold shoulder. She's a freshman and, despite some close encounters, refuses","psg_id":"16659003"},{"title":"Drink a Beer","text":"6, 2013. The performance was dedicated to his late siblings Chris and Kelly. Lady Antebellum performed the song alongside co-writer Chris Stapleton as a tribute at the 2014 CMT Artists of the Year ceremony after Bryan was forced to cancel his scheduled performance following the passing of his brother-in-law, Lee. The song was covered by Jessica Meuse on the thirteenth season of \"American Idol\" during \"Rush Week,\" with varying reactions from the judges. Drink a Beer \"Drink a Beer\" is a song written by Jim Beavers and Chris Stapleton and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was","psg_id":"17658687"},{"title":"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain","text":"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain \"A Short Drink From a Certain Fountain\" is an episode of the American television anthology series \"The Twilight Zone\". In this episode, a scientist gives his brother an experimental youth serum in order to save his marriage to a much younger woman. The episode's title refers to the mythical Fountain of Youth. Harmon Gordon, a wealthy old man married to a much younger woman named Flora, is exhausted by his wife's youthful and selfish lifestyle. Seeking to keep up the pace, he asks his scientist brother Raymond to inject him with an experimental","psg_id":"4332153"},{"title":"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain","text":"not included in the \"Twilight Zone\" syndication package until 1984. When this and other long unseen episodes became available (including \"Miniature\"), a series of short introductions were shot featuring commentary from the cast and crew of the original episodes. In the segment with Patrick O'Neal for this episode, O'Neal remarked on how accurately the show's makeup effects artists had aged him, as he now very closely resembled his older appearance in this episode. O'Neal was actually only eight years older than Lee. A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain \"A Short Drink From a Certain Fountain\" is an episode of","psg_id":"4332157"},{"title":"Be with Us (A Year With...)","text":"Be with Us (A Year With...) Be with Us (A Year With...) is a 2003 DVD by English girl group Atomic Kitten. The DVD mainly consists of behind the scenes footage of a year in the life of the band. Liz McClarnon, Natasha Hamilton and Jenny Frost give an inside look how the music videos were recorded, give a glimpse into their private lives, and take a bike ride through Singapore. The DVD also contains footage of various major and minor performances across the globe. The timeframe coincides with the release of the \"Ladies Night\" album. The video features the","psg_id":"8828696"},{"title":"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach","text":"June 1884 in favour of a smaller and more manageable work. The painting depicts an auction of fish landed from rowing boats on the beach near Newlyn, where they were sold by an auctioneer known as a \"jowster\". The lug sails of the Newlyn fleet of fishing boats can be seen in the background, out on the water. The tide has recently gone out, leaving wet patches that reflect the sky. The painting depicts several fishermen and fishwives in traditional dress - the men wearing sou'wester hats, rough jumpers, oilskin trousers, and heavy leather boots. The women wear heavy aprons","psg_id":"17169625"},{"title":"Find Me a Drink Home","text":"Custer, Michigan cabin in January and February 2008. It was mastered by Derron Nuhfer at Sarlacc Mastering in Gainesville, Florida. The album was released on April 22, 2008, on Bermuda Mohawk Records. On August 2, 2012, it was announced that future pressings of \"Find Me a Drink Home\" would be released by Asian Man Records. Credits are adapted from AllMusic. Find Me a Drink Home Find Me a Drink Home is the first studio album by rock group Cheap Girls. It was released on April 22, 2008, on Bermuda Mohawk Records. Los Diaper Records released it on vinyl in May","psg_id":"16678482"},{"title":"Be Careful What You Fish For","text":"Emily, he finds that she already has a boyfriend named Devin, causing Brian to do what Stewie wanted him to do. As Miss Emily is being arrested by the police, Brian quotes \"What you did to those children, there's a special place in Hell for people like you.\" As the police car drives off, Stewie then jokes with Brian about how she is going to be abused in women's prison as they head off to find Stewie a new daycare center. In its original broadcast on February 19, 2012, \"Be Careful What You Fish For\" was watched by 5.39 million","psg_id":"15892187"},{"title":"A Fish Dinner in Memison","text":"Much is revealed about the links between principal characters and the separate worlds of the novel, as well as to \"The Worm Ouroboros\", not fully resolved in the other novels in the trilogy. The character of Lessingham is also resolved to its greatest extent in all the novels of the trilogy. \"A Fish Dinner in Memison\" overlaps chronologically with \"The Mezentian Gate\", but since the action starts later than in that work, it can be considered chronologically as the second novel in the series. A Fish Dinner in Memison A Fish Dinner in Memison is a fantasy novel by English","psg_id":"6518954"},{"title":"What a queer bird","text":"What a queer bird \"What a queer bird\" is a poem of unclear origin. It first can be found in print in 1922, rapidly disseminating across dozens of publications in the United States that year. \"What a queer bird\" is a poem, folk song, or essay that may be sung as a round. It first can be found in print in 1922, rapidly disseminating across dozens of publications in the United States that year, but its precise origin is unclear. The words are as follows: In 1922, multiple United States publications attributed the poem or essay to \"a young Norwegian","psg_id":"11656192"},{"title":"A Common Word Between Us and You","text":"the first commandment. / And the second, like it, is this: \"You shall love your neighbour as yourself.\" There is no other commandment greater than these.\" (Mark 12: 29–31) \"In obedience to the Holy Qu'ran, we as Muslims invite Christians to come together with us on the basis of what is common to us, which is also what is most essential to our faith and practice: the Two Commandments.\" (In Islam)...\"the call to be totally devoted and attached to God, heart and soul, far from being a call for a mere emotion or for a mood, is in fact an","psg_id":"11047841"},{"title":"You Deserve a Drink","text":"You Deserve a Drink You Deserve a Drink: Boozy Misadventures and Tales of Debauchery is a memoir and cookbook written by YouTube personality and comedian Mamrie Hart. The book was published by Plume and released on May 26, 2015. The book details humorous anecdotes and stories of Hart's life, with a cocktail recipe accompanying each chapter. \"You Deserve a Drink\" was generally well-received by reviewers. Writing for \"The New York Times\", actor and comedian Michael Ian Black stated that \"Hart is a pull-no-punches comedian with a talent for self-deprecation in the guise of self-aggrandizement, a winning formula.\" Colleen Stinchcombe, writer","psg_id":"18831358"},{"title":"Fish in a Drawer","text":"giving a talk, she accidentally mentioned the crossover, as a result \"Variety\" was already inquiring about the crossover episodes that same day. Mendelsohn eventually revealed the crossover at the Banff event in Canada. After the episode was taped, Lorre stated: \"The biggest challenge for us was doing a comedy with a murder in it. Generally our stories are a little lighter. Would our audience go with a dead body in it? There was a moment where it could have gone either way. I think the results were spectacular. It turned out to be a really funny episode.\" \"Fish in a","psg_id":"12137740"},{"title":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!","text":"year: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \"Boris Godunov\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the","psg_id":"11886157"},{"title":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!","text":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \"Boris Godunov\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same","psg_id":"11886156"},{"title":"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl","text":"Furious, she eventually checks out \"Forever...\", reads Josie's notes and then befriends her. Aviva is approached by TL in biology, when he needs help. They begin a fun-loving relationship and she overhears him talking to a friend about how she might be different but she might not be. She eventually does sleep with him, and says she loves him, causing him to break up with her. Kristen tries to apologize, but she doesn't want to hear it. Reviews for \"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\" were mostly positive, with Kirkus Reviews panning the book while the Kansas","psg_id":"16659005"},{"title":"What Good Can Drinkin' Do","text":"What Good Can Drinkin' Do \"What Good Can Drinkin' Do\" is a blues song by Janis Joplin, the first song she ever recorded. The song has six verses, following the 12-bar blues pattern. Lyrics in the first and last verse are almost identical: \"What good can drinkin' do ?\" is sung twice, then answered with \"Lord, I drink all night but the next day I still feel blue.\" Recordings of this song can be heard on Early Performances, or on the box set \"Janis\". \"Record Collector\" cites her intro to the song: \"Up steps a feisty young woman, one month","psg_id":"10438573"},{"title":"I Want a Love I Can See","text":"have been highly influential upon the structure of Rocky Burnette's 1980 hit single \"Tired Of Toein' The Line\". I Want a Love I Can See \"I Want a Love I Can See\" is a 1963 single by The Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. The single was the group's first A-side to be written and produced by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson. Robinson had previously written the B-side \"Slow Down Heart\", but for over the past year Berry Gordy, Jr. had been The Temptations' main producer. Lead singer Paul Williams, in the role of the song’s narrator, talks about what","psg_id":"11685096"},{"title":"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?","text":"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be? \"What Can the Matter Be?\", also known as \"Johnny's So Long at the Fair\" is a traditional nursery rhyme that can be traced back as far as the 1770s in England. There are several variations on its lyrics. The \"Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes\" by Iona and Peter Opie traces this song back to an earlier folk ballad, recorded between 1770 and 1780, whose lyrics are: <poem> O what can the matter be And what can the matter be O what can the matter be Johnny bydes lang at the fair He'll buy","psg_id":"12712281"},{"title":"A Fish Called Wanda","text":"consensus reads, \"Smartly written, smoothly directed, and solidly cast, \"A Fish Called Wanda\" offers a classic example of a brainy comedy with widespread appeal.\" On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 80 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews.\" After six weeks of wide release in the United States, it reached number one at the box office. It eventually grossed $62,493,712 in the US. It was the number one rental video in the US in 1989. Kline won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. Cleese and Crichton received an Academy Award","psg_id":"2076863"},{"title":"What Is a Man Without a Moustache?","text":"does not go bankrupt. Under the local bishop's (Ivica Vidović) threat of relocation if the funds aren't raised, Father Stipan is torn between choosing to accept Tatjana's money to be given to the church and choosing Tatjana's love. \"What Is a Man Without a Moustache?\" was commercially released in Croatia on July 23, 2005, and was screened domestically and abroad during 2005 and 2006 at several film festivals including the Pula Film Festival, Sarajevo Film Festival and International Thessaloniki Film Festival. Distributed in the United States by Doors Art Foundation, the film had limited theatrical release in the US, premiering","psg_id":"14363566"},{"title":"What a Waste","text":"\"Tracks of the Year\" for 1978 by \"NME\". The song was omitted from \"Do It Yourself\" in keeping with Dury's then policy of not including singles on albums: the song was not available again until the compilation album \"Jukebox Dury\". The song can be found in abundance today, not only on Dury compilations but on various punk, new wave and rock albums. \"What a Waste\" is included as the final track on the Demon Records re-issue of \"New Boots and Panties!!\", and as the first track on the Edsel Records re-issue of \"Do It Yourself\". Live versions can be found","psg_id":"9717349"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"is ultimately done to cast the aluminium can into shape for further processing. Finally, the process of “ironing” is performed which forms the shape of the can. Cans are filled before the top is crimped on. The filling and sealing operations need to be extremely fast and precise. The filling head centers the can using gas pressure, purges the air, and lets the drink flow down the sides of the can. The lid is placed on the can, and then crimped in two operations. A seaming head engages the lid from above while a seaming roller to the side curls","psg_id":"2356485"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"canned drink market. His invention was the \"pull-tab\". This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminium pull-ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge-shaped tab section of the can top. The ring was riveted to the center of the top, which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the drink flow out while air flowed in. In 1959, while on a family picnic, Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there","psg_id":"2356471"},{"title":"What a Friend","text":"What a Friend \"What a Friend\" is a song performed by Canadian contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist Matt Maher. The song was released as the second single from his 2017 album \"Echoes\" on September 15, 2017. The song peaked at No. 10 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his seventh Top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 26 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a E major key, and 110 beats per minute. \"What a Friend\" was released on September 15, 2017, as the second single from his fifth studio album \"Echos\". The","psg_id":"20845393"},{"title":"What-A-Burger","text":"of the 2003-2004 legal action, the court found that \"no actionable damages had occurred\" or were likely to for either party and that there is no reasonable public confusion: \"There is no evidence — nor can we imagine any — that consumers are currently likely to be confused about whether the burgers served by Virginia W-A-B come from Texas or Virginia.\" What-A-Burger What-A-Burger is the trading name used by a small group of restaurants which were established by entrepreneur brothers Jack Branch and Paul E. Branch Jr. and members of the Branch family beginning in 1950. With the first location","psg_id":"11132492"},{"title":"You Look Like I Need a Drink","text":"sold in its first week. The song has sold 165,000 copies in the US as of August 2016. For the week of October 8, 2016, it became Moore's fifth number one country single. The following week, it disappeared from the Country Airplay chart completely, making it the first song in that chart's history to fall off the chart from number one. The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in February 2016. You Look Like I Need a Drink \"You Look Like I Need a Drink\" is a song written by Rodney Clawson, Matt Dragsteam, and Natalie Hemby","psg_id":"8740351"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"in diameter at the lid, and 2.60 inches in diameter at the widest point of the body. Also available are 16oz cans known as pounders, and 24oz cans or larger are referred to as tall boys. In Canada, the standard size was previously 10 Imperial fluid ounces (284 ml), later redefined and labeled as 280 ml in around 1980. This size was commonly used with steel drink cans in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the US standard 355 ml can size was standardized in the 1980s and 1990s, upon the conversion from steel to aluminium. Some drinks such as","psg_id":"2356479"},{"title":"Requiem for a Fish","text":"Requiem for a Fish Requiem pour un poisson (Requiem for a Fish) is a 2005 novel by French author Christine Adamo. The coelacanth is a very strange fish. On the one hand, this ancient species might have been the missing link between land and sea. On the other hand, everybody thought that it had disappeared long before dinosaurs' extinction. Yet, one day of 1938, a South African fisherman catches a specimen in its nets. But is the fish really the famous coelacanth? The world of science gets passionate and jealous around the beast. Who will be the first to trace","psg_id":"13887602"},{"title":"You Deserve a Drink","text":"for She Knows said that \"She is undeniably a funny lady, and her humor translates beautifully — even more powerfully, I'd argue — to the page. Her jokes have more time to build, her punchlines land harder. She's created an entirely hilarious read that will delight her current fans by giving them a pitcher-sized serving of her normally shot-sized jokes and entice new readers who have enjoyed recent books by other humor heavy-hitters.\" You Deserve a Drink You Deserve a Drink: Boozy Misadventures and Tales of Debauchery is a memoir and cookbook written by YouTube personality and comedian Mamrie Hart.","psg_id":"18831359"},{"title":"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?","text":"we do think that we are sadly neglected; Because they don't visit the school. </poem> Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be? \"What Can the Matter Be?\", also known as \"Johnny's So Long at the Fair\" is a traditional nursery rhyme that can be traced back as far as the 1770s in England. There are several variations on its lyrics. The \"Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes\" by Iona and Peter Opie traces this song back to an earlier folk ballad, recorded between 1770 and 1780, whose lyrics are: <poem> O what can the matter be And what can the matter","psg_id":"12712293"},{"title":"And Be a Villain","text":"to interfere in his affairs. After the blackmail story is published Walter Anderson, the president of the soft drink company, tries to end Wolfe’s investigations by paying him off and announcing that his company is withdrawing sponsorship from Fraser’s show. With no further leads, Wolfe sends Archie to Fraser and her entourage with a fake letter implicating Elinor Vance in order to try and shake a response out of the suspects. During the meeting, Deborah Koppel dies after eating a piece of candy laced with cyanide. Discovering the letter on Archie, the police threaten to charge him with obstructing justice,","psg_id":"8349160"},{"title":"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?","text":"owing her father $70,000 for the wedding, Robin was duped by Nick about riding a motorbike powered by corn, and Barney just slept with another woman who was not an \"8 or higher.\" After a short drink, Marshall and Lily leave to spend some time together on the street. However, a close brush with a taxicab forces them to consider preparing a last will and testament, designating a guardian for Marvin in case either or both of them die (which saddens Lily at the mere mention of the word). The two argue over possibly designating Marshall's mother Judy, his elder","psg_id":"16800346"},{"title":"Type A submarine","text":"Type A submarine The was a class of submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which served during the Second World War. The \"Type-A\" submarines were built to take a role of the command ships for submarine squadrons. For this reason they had equipment for a headquarters, better radio facilities and a floatplane. The \"Type-A\" submarines were divided into four classes: Project number S35Ja. Their design was based on the \"Junsen III\" (\"I-7\" class). Three boats were built in 1938-42 under the Maru 3 Programme (Boat # 35 - 36) and Maru 4 Programme (Boat # 138). Project number S35B.","psg_id":"13014219"},{"title":"Drink can","text":"pour. The SuperEnd from Crown Holdings launched in 2000 was designed to use 10% less metal in production than standard beverage ends. One variation was the press button can, which featured two pre-cut buttons—one small and one large—in the top of the can sealed with a plastic membrane. These buttons were held closed by the outward pressure of the carbonated drink. The consumer would open the can by depressing both buttons, which would result in two holes. The small hole would act as a vent to relieve internal pressure so the larger button could then be pressed down to create","psg_id":"2356494"},{"title":"A Fox, a Rabbit, and a Cabbage","text":"not turn on. Suspicious, he sends Linda into the office wearing his coat to get what they came for. Malvo appears inside the office and shoots Linda in the back of her head, thinking her to be Lester. Realizing his mistake, Malvo exits the building and scans the parking lot for Lester. Seeing no one, he lights a cigarette and walks away as Lester nervously watches from a distance. The episode first aired in the US on FX on June 10, 2014 and obtained 1.90 million viewers. The episode was very well received among critics. It currently holds a perfect","psg_id":"18687776"},{"title":"They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top","text":"They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top is the first album by dance-punk band Liars. The album was first released in October 2001 by Gern Blandsten Records and later re-released in 2002 by English label Blast First. It displays the band in its original line-up with singer Angus Andrew, guitarist Aaron Hemphill, bassist Pat Noecker (currently in These Are Powers), and drummer Ron Albertson. Underworld's album \"Beaucoup Fish\" (1999) was credited by Angus Andrew as the foremost influential album on \"They","psg_id":"5643578"},{"title":"What a Catch, Donnie","text":"together and Patrick is no longer lonely. At 0:37 a carousel horse can be seen on deck (from \"America's Suitehearts\"). Towards the end of the video, Patrick starts to fish again but finds strange objects such as deer antlers (from Antler Boy in \"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"), a black and white striped jacket (the jacket Patrick wore in \"Dance, Dance\"), and a bass drum (one of Andy Hurley's drums). Finally, he comes across a sign featuring the letters F, O, and B (the sign from \"Thnks fr th Mmrs\"). He then looks up and spots a white casket (from \"This","psg_id":"12577812"},{"title":"Oh! What a Lovely War","text":"gave the film a perfect grade of 4 stars and said it \"deserves an Academy Award nomination for the best picture of the year ... You can sit back and enjoy this film on any one of many levels. The songs are good, the lyrics are biting; the staging and costuming blend with the story rather than overshadow it. The acting seems effortless.\" Kevin Thomas of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote: \"What noted British actor Richard Attenborough, in a dazzling directorial debut, and his principal writers Len Deighton and Brian Duffy have done is to transform the highly political and","psg_id":"1490760"},{"title":"A Drink in the Passage","text":"ensuing national furor, the absurdities of legalised racial discrimination are gently, but tellingly, revealed. A Drink in the Passage A Drink in the Passage is an English-language film released in 2002. Adapted from a short story by Alan Paton, also the author of \"Cry, The Beloved Country,\" this short film is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and indignities of apartheid. \"A Drink in the Passage\" is the story of Edward Simelane who is awarded first prize in a national fine arts competition for his remarkable stone sculpture, called Mother and Child. But unbeknownst to him, the competition is for","psg_id":"16297315"},{"title":"A Drink in the Passage","text":"A Drink in the Passage A Drink in the Passage is an English-language film released in 2002. Adapted from a short story by Alan Paton, also the author of \"Cry, The Beloved Country,\" this short film is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and indignities of apartheid. \"A Drink in the Passage\" is the story of Edward Simelane who is awarded first prize in a national fine arts competition for his remarkable stone sculpture, called Mother and Child. But unbeknownst to him, the competition is for whites only. Nonetheless, the judging panel decides to stick to its decision. In the","psg_id":"16297314"},{"title":"What a Friend","text":"on February 23, 2018. A live version of the song was released on June 15, 2018, featuring Christian music singer Jason Crabb. What a Friend \"What a Friend\" is a song performed by Canadian contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist Matt Maher. The song was released as the second single from his 2017 album \"Echoes\" on September 15, 2017. The song peaked at No. 10 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his seventh Top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 26 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a E major key, and 110 beats","psg_id":"20845395"},{"title":"Boy! What a Girl!","text":"and agrees to finance Jim’s show, enabling him to achieve his professional goals and to marry Cristola. \"Boy! What a Girl!\" was planned to be the first in a series of all-black race films produced by the independent company Herald Pictures. The film’s press kit acknowledged the segregated distribution patterns of the race film by proclaiming \"Boy! What a Girl!\" would be “an all-Negro motion picture can be produced to play in any theater in the country and not merely confined to the some 600 odd playhouses that cater strictly to an all-Negro audience.” The film was shot at the","psg_id":"12802109"},{"title":"And Be a Villain","text":"Fraser is unable to drink the beverage she was advertising because it gives her indigestion, and instead drinks iced coffee from the bottle instead. As the marked bottle was the one containing the poison, this suggests that Fraser was the intended victim instead of Orchard. Wolfe passes this information on to Inspector Cramer, seeing this as an opportunity to claim his fee without further work. When the press -- prompted by Archie -- criticises him for his lack of effort, however, he is stung into further action but, to Archie’s surprise, begins investigating a different murder. Beula Poole, the publisher","psg_id":"8349158"},{"title":"What Can Be Done at This Point","text":"What Can Be Done at This Point What Can Be Done at This Point is the third album by Mexican alternative rock singer, Elan. The album was released in early May 2007. The title track, \"What Can Be Done at This Point\", is a tribute to the deceased crew of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The track contains audio of the transmission between Challenger and mission control of the day of the tragedy. The track number 6, \"Don't Want You in\", was the lead single off the album. \"Don't Want You in\" is the lead single from the album \"What Can","psg_id":"11719723"},{"title":"What Is a Nation?","text":"Language, by contrast, \"invites us but does not force us, to unite\". Countries which share the Spanish or English language don't merge with one another, while the people of Switzerland speak several languages. Modern nationhood also cannot be based on religion, which Renan observes, is currently practiced according to individual belief. \"You can be French, English, German, yet Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, or practicing no religion\". Mutuality of interests is fine for corporations and their affiliates, but nationality is based on sentiment. Geography merely leads us astray, and often to violence: \"Mountains don't know how to carve out countries\". Renan concludes","psg_id":"15237580"},{"title":"What a Waste","text":"on both \"Warts 'n' Audience\" and \"Straight from the Desk\". Dury re-recorded the song with Curve in 1993 for the \"Peace Together\" album. The recording was also included on Curve's 2004 compilation album \"The Way of Curve\". Although the original single omits the exclamation mark, \"What a Waste\" is sometimes written with one, including on \"Live! Warts 'n' Audience\". Part of the bridge section of \"What a Waste\" was sampled by A Tribe Called Quest on their 1991 single \"Can I Kick It?\". What a Waste \"What a Waste\" is a song and single by Ian Dury and the Blockheads,","psg_id":"9717350"},{"title":"USS Flying Fish (SSN-673)","text":"29 April 1970 with Commander Donald C. Shelton in command. May 1995 Mine laying exercises, Joint Service Special Warfare operations - Operational Test Launch of Tomahawk cruise missile. \"Flying Fish\" was decommissioned on 16 May 1996 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. Her scrapping via the Nuclear-Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington, was completed on 15 October 1996. USS Flying Fish (SSN-673) USS \"Flying Fish\" (SSN-673), a \"Sturgeon\"-class attack submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the flying fish, any of","psg_id":"3737984"},{"title":"Drink a Beer","text":"the story of a character who honors the recent passing of a loved one by watching the sunset on the edge of a pier and drinking a beer, which they normally would have done together. \"Drink a Beer\" takes a relatively unique approach to the theme of loss by addressing the \"very raw, real emotion\" that immediately follows the loss of a loved one rather than focusing on how a person copes in the long term or plans to move on and rebuild. Like Lee Brice's \"I Drive Your Truck,\" critics and fans have noted that the subject matter of","psg_id":"17658683"},{"title":"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach","text":"City Museum and Art Gallery and is one of Forbes' best known works. A later work, \"The Health of the Bride\", was bought by Henry Tate in 1889 and is now held by Tate Britain. A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach is an oil-on-canvas painting by Stanhope Forbes depicting a fish auction on the beach near Newlyn. It was painted in 1884-5 and exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1885. The painting is now owned by the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery. Forbes was born in Dublin in 1857","psg_id":"17169627"},{"title":"What a Beautiful Name","text":"on 6 January 2017, as the lead single from their 25th live album, \"Let There Be Light\" (2016). \"What a Beautiful Name\" was composed in December 2015 in Sydney, Australia, for the upcoming Hillsong Conference, the annual church gathering. The scriptural foundation of the song can be found in , and . According to sheet music published at Sheetmusicdirect.com by Hillsong Publishing, \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of D major. Brooke Ligertwood's vocal range spans from A to B during the song.","psg_id":"19789528"},{"title":"What-A-Burger","text":"both the Richmond and Newport News areas noted many years of their patronage. A recent review in \"the State\" (Columbia, SC) newspaper's blog, following their local \"Cheeseburger crawl\" stated \"You can order either the regular What-a-burger or the What-a-burger with cheese; ordering it \"all the way\" comes with mustard, onions, pickles, lettuce and tomato, although you can also add ketchup and mayo, or request grilled onions.\" During the formative years, neither the Branch family nor Dobson and his associates were apparently aware of the existence of the other. A federal trademark infringement lawsuit between the two Virginia corporations in conflict","psg_id":"11132490"},{"title":"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach","text":"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach is an oil-on-canvas painting by Stanhope Forbes depicting a fish auction on the beach near Newlyn. It was painted in 1884-5 and exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1885. The painting is now owned by the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery. Forbes was born in Dublin in 1857 and studied at Lambeth School of Art and the Royal Academy Schools. He travelled to Paris in 1880 and was influenced by the avant-garde taste for painting outdoors, \"en plein air\", and by the landscape","psg_id":"17169623"},{"title":"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?","text":"he'd buy me a fairing should please me, And then for a kiss, oh! he vowed he would tease me, He promised he'd bring me a bunch of blue ribbons, To tie up my bonny brown hair. </poem> Cohen's \"Folk Music\" gives a different version of the lyrics: <poem> O dear, what can the matter be? O dear, what can the matter be? O dear, what can the matter be? Johnny's so long at the fair. He promised he'd bring me a bunch of blue ribbons. He promised he'd bring me a bunch of blue ribbons. He promised he'd bring","psg_id":"12712283"},{"title":"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?","text":"me a twopenny whistle He'll buy me a threepenny fair He'll buy me a Bunch o' Blue Ribbons To tye up my bonny Brown Hair O saw ye him coming And saw ye him coming O saw ye him coming Hame frae the Newcastle fair </poem> The following are given as the traditional lyrics (being chorus and verse) in Cuddon's and Preston's \"A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory\": <poem> O dear, what can the matter be? Dear, dear, what can the matter be? O dear, what can the matter be? Johnny's so long at the fair. He promised","psg_id":"12712282"},{"title":"What a Time to Be Alive","text":"\"glimmering\" and hails both rappers when they are able to work on their own and make music in their respective comfort zones in songs like Future's \"Jersey\" and Drake's \"30 for 30 Freestyle\". \"Complex\" said about Drake verses; \"despite a corny bar here or there, Drake sounds way more energized with much better flows.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" was disappointed with Drake on the album, quoting \"despite a beat by Drake whisperer Noah \"40\" Shebib, the album-closing \"30 For 30 Freestyle\" doesn't come near clearing the admittedly high bar Drake has set for himself in 2015.\" \"What a Time to Be Alive\"","psg_id":"19036617"},{"title":"A. Joe Fish","text":"Texas. From 1981 to 1983 he was a judge on the Fifth District of the Texas Court of Appeals in Dallas. On January 31, 1983, Fish was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas vacated by Judge Patrick Higginbotham. Fish was confirmed by the United States Senate less than a month later, on February 23, 1983, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge of the district from 2002 to 2007, assuming senior status on November 12, 2007. A. Joe Fish Allen Joe","psg_id":"13103520"},{"title":"A. Joe Fish","text":"A. Joe Fish Allen Joe Fish (born November 12, 1942) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas in Dallas, Texas. Born in Los Angeles, California, Fish received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1965 and his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1968. He was a Sergeant in the United States Army Reserve from 1968 to 1974, and was in private practice in Dallas, Texas, from 1968 to 1980. In 1980 he was elected to the 95th Judicial District Court of Dallas County,","psg_id":"13103519"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"A Drink and a Quick Decision\",\n \"text\": \"A Drink and a Quick Decision A Drink and a Quick Decision is the second album from British duo Grand National. The album was first released as a digital download on 18 June 2007, then released on CD and 12\\\" vinyl 11 September 2007 in the US, and 8 March 2008 in the UK. The US edition of the album comes with the bonus track \\\"Old Man,\\\" a Neil Young cover, a music video by Steven Compton for \\\"Old Man\\\" consisting mostly of the band recording the song, and an enhanced video of \\\"By the Time I Get Home There\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10654477\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Help! I'm a Fish\",\n \"text\": \"MacKrill head out onto the ocean in a desperate search. When a storm blows in, Fly recognizes the futility of their search and goes to drink the potion. Though the professor warns him that if he does not get the antidote within 48 hours he will be a fish forever, Fly drinks it and jumps overboard, becoming a \\\"Californian Flyfish\\\". The boat capsizes and, because Chuck cannot swim, he's forced to drink the potion to survive, becoming a jellyfish. The Professor, the boat and all of its contents sink beneath the waves. A great white shark and a pilot fish\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4837904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Can Tune a Piano, but You Can't Tuna Fish\",\n \"text\": \"You Can Tune a Piano, but You Can't Tuna Fish You Can Tune a Piano, but You Can't Tuna Fish is the seventh studio album by REO Speedwagon, released in 1978. It was their first album to be co-produced by lead singer Kevin Cronin and lead guitarist Gary Richrath. The album was REO's first to make the Top 40, peaking at No. 29. The album sold over 2 million copies in the US, which led it to being certified 2× Platinum. This is the first album to feature Bruce Hall on bass, replacing Gregg Philbin. In 2013, the album was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7618913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US-A\",\n \"text\": \"US-A Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyy (' for Controlled Active Satellite), or US-A, also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT, was a series of Soviet reconnaissance satellites. Launched between 1967 and 1988 to monitor NATO and merchant vessels using radar, the satellites were powered by nuclear reactors. Because a return signal from an ordinary target illuminated by a radar transmitter diminishes as the inverse of the fourth power of the distance, for the surveillance radar to work effectively, US-A satellites had to be placed in low Earth orbit. Had they used large solar panels for power, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2898657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A-class submarine (1903)\",\n \"text\": \"A-class submarine (1903) The A class was the Royal Navy's first class of British-designed submarines. Thirteen were built by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness between 1902 and 1905 as an improvement on the US . While there was considerable variation amongst the boats of the class, they were around long and displaced around 200 tons when submerged. The first, \\\"A1\\\" (ordered as \\\"Holland No. 6\\\"), was launched in July 1902, the last, \\\"A13\\\", in April 1905. All were propelled underwater by battery-powered electric motors and on the surface by shaft-drive Wolseley petrol engines of (\\\"A1\\\"), (\\\"A2-A4\\\") or (\\\"A5\\\"-\\\"A12\\\"). \\\"A13\\\" had an experimental\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3765236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Only a God Can Save Us\",\n \"text\": \"his philosophy and political involvement. The \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" interviewers did not bring up Heidegger's 1949 quotation comparing the industrialization of agriculture to the extermination camps. In fact, the interviewers were not in possession of much of the evidence now known for Heidegger's Nazi sympathies. Only a God Can Save Us \\\"Only a God Can Save Us\\\" () refers to an interview given by Martin Heidegger to Rudolf Augstein and for \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" magazine on September 23, 1966. Heidegger agreed to discuss his political past provided that the interview be published posthumously. It was published five days after his death, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20482457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Only a God Can Save Us\",\n \"text\": \"Only a God Can Save Us \\\"Only a God Can Save Us\\\" () refers to an interview given by Martin Heidegger to Rudolf Augstein and for \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" magazine on September 23, 1966. Heidegger agreed to discuss his political past provided that the interview be published posthumously. It was published five days after his death, on 31 May 1976. It is translated by William J. Richardson into English. In the interview, Heidegger defended his entanglement with National Socialism in two ways: first, he argued that there was no alternative, saying that he was trying to save the university (and science\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20482454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Used to Be a Fish\",\n \"text\": \"is the author's first book. The idea of the book came to him on a different project, “I was thinking about mammals and reptiles and eggs, when I got to frogs. I started to wonder how a frog who used to be a tadpole would describe that experience, and a title for a different story just popped into my head.” I Used to Be a Fish I Used to be a Fish is a book written by Tom Sullivan for ages 4–8. A boy imagines his pet fish tells him the story of evolution. The 48-page book is drawn in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19860683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Used to Be a Fish\",\n \"text\": \"I Used to Be a Fish I Used to be a Fish is a book written by Tom Sullivan for ages 4–8. A boy imagines his pet fish tells him the story of evolution. The 48-page book is drawn in 3 colors: red, blue and white. It was described as similar in style to Dr Seuss by some reviewers due to the simple drawing style and absurdity of the tale. It includes a timeline and author's note at the end for older children or parents who want material for further discussion. Author-illustrator Tom Sullivan was a freelance graphic designer. This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19860682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US-A\",\n \"text\": \"1988. Although most nuclear cores were successfully ejected into higher orbits, their orbits will still eventually decay. US-A satellites were a major source of space debris in low Earth orbit. The debris is created two ways: US-A Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyy (' for Controlled Active Satellite), or US-A, also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT, was a series of Soviet reconnaissance satellites. Launched between 1967 and 1988 to monitor NATO and merchant vessels using radar, the satellites were powered by nuclear reactors. Because a return signal from an ordinary target illuminated by a radar transmitter diminishes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2898660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A priori and a posteriori\",\n \"text\": \"negation is not self-contradictory (thus, it is said that it is \\\"not\\\" true in every possible world). As Jason Baehr states, it seems plausible that all necessary propositions are known \\\"a priori\\\", because \\\"[s]ense experience can tell us only about the actual world and hence about what is the case; it can say nothing about what must or must not be the case.\\\" Following Kant, some philosophers have considered the relationship between aprioricity, analyticity, and necessity to be extremely close. According to Jerry Fodor, \\\"Positivism, in particular, took it for granted that \\\"a priori\\\" truths must be necessary...\\\" However, since\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8596169\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Drink and a Quick Decision\",\n \"text\": \"described the song \\\"Joker and Clown\\\" as \\\"one of 2007's best ballads.\\\" As listed on the album's sleeve, \\\"Joker and Clown\\\" is dedicated to Andrew Baty (1970-2007), a friend who died while the duo was recording the new album. The title of the album is a lyric taken from the hit song \\\"She's Gone\\\" by Hall & Oates. \\\"Cut by the Brakes\\\" contains a sample of \\\"Mit Dir\\\" by Robert Görl. \\\"Going to Switch the Lights On\\\" is based around a sample of the title track of The J. Geils Band album Monkey Island. A Drink and a Quick Decision\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10654479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch\",\n \"text\": \"The Smashing Pumpkins and Foo Fighters toured together across Canada. Touring effectively ended after Summersault as the band had announced work for a brand new studio album, \\\"Spiritual Machines\\\" which they had been working on since before the festival and which would be completed and released in Canada before the end of the year. Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch (written as simply Happiness... on the cover) is the third studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on September 21, 1999 by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5647165\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World\",\n \"text\": \"Boston Globe\\\" described the album as one of the band's \\\"most enjoyable and lively efforts in recent memory\\\", \\\"The New York Times\\\" noted that \\\"What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World\\\" \\\"strikes a note of pop concision and maturity, building on what worked on ‘The King Is Dead.’ Lyrically, there are fewer thistles and minarets and palanquins—and, musically, less digressive excess—than once made up the Decemberists’ trademark style.\\\" Jeremy Larson of Pitchfork Media was a detractor, bemoaning the album as \\\"overlong and under-ambitious\\\", though appreciating that listeners \\\"start to see Meloy himself more than ever\\\". Larson also wrote highly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18355623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink a Beer\",\n \"text\": \"Bjorke also compared it favorably to Miranda Lambert's hit \\\"Over You\\\" in suggesting the song has \\\"the kind of powerful impact\\\" to warrant nods for \\\"Single of the Year\\\" or \\\"Song of the Year\\\". In \\\"HitFix\\\"′s review of \\\"Crash My Party\\\", Melinda Newman labelled \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" the strongest track on the album (grading it an A–) while praising the \\\"spare\\\" production and noting that the song \\\"doesn't try to be a tearjerker\\\" and is more effective as a result. \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" debuted at number 59 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart dated of November 16, 2013. It debuted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17658685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Time to Be Alive\",\n \"text\": \"debuted at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, with 375,000 album-equivalent units; it sold 334,000 copies in its first week, with the remainder of its unit count representing the album's streaming activity and track sales during the tracking week. It became both Drake and Future's second albums to chart at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 in 2015 (\\\"If You're Reading This It's Too Late\\\" and \\\"DS2\\\", respectively). In its second week it sold 65,000 copies. As of January 27, 2016, \\\"What a Time to Be Alive\\\" has sold 519,000 copies in the United States. The album was certified\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19036618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"When a white horse is not a horse\",\n \"text\": \"be found in the widely known \\\"Happiness of Fish\\\" dialogue in \\\"Zhuangzi\\\" (17, tr. Watson 1968:188-9). Huizi says \\\"You're not a fish [子非魚] — how do you know what fish enjoy?\\\" (denying that Zhuangzi is a member of the class of fish) and Zhuangzi replies \\\"You're not I [子非我], so how do you know I don't know what fish enjoy?\\\" (denying that the individuals Huizi and Zhuangzi are identical). Beyond the inherent semantic ambiguities of \\\"Baima fei ma\\\", the first line obscurely asks \\\"ke hu\\\" \\\"Can it be that …?\\\". This dialogue could be an attempted proof that a white\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5353601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Quiet Drink\",\n \"text\": \"has given up her job and is spending time at the library trying to educate herself. Eventually Steve and Claudia meet and go for 'a quiet drink' which has far-reaching consequences... A Quiet Drink A Quiet Drink, is the third novel by English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1980. Unlike her previous two novels it departs from the autobiographical. The book is set in London and concerns Claudia a magazine editor whose husband has just left her, Steve Mullen a cosmetics rep, and his wife June. Claudia is still yearning after her husband but then finds herself a lodger,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16962711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink a Beer\",\n \"text\": \"Drink a Beer \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" is a song written by Jim Beavers and Chris Stapleton and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in November 2013 as the third single from his fourth studio album, \\\"Crash My Party\\\" (2013), and became his seventh number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart in February 2014. Bryan has described \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" as \\\"the coolest sad song ever\\\" and notes he connects with the story after having lost both of his siblings. The song is a country ballad about the unexpected loss of someone close. It tells\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17658682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And Be a Villain\",\n \"text\": \"And Be a Villain And Be a Villain (British title More Deaths Than One) is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1948. The story was collected in the omnibus volumes \\\"Full House\\\" (Viking 1961) and \\\"Triple Zeck\\\" (Viking 1974). A radio show guest is poisoned on the air during a plug for the show's sponsor, a soft-drink manufacturer. The negative publicity, and the low bank balance at tax time, brings Nero Wolfe into the case — and into his first recorded encounter with a shadowy master criminal. \\\"And Be a Villain\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8349154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Be Careful What You Fish For\",\n \"text\": \"Be Careful What You Fish For \\\"Be Careful What You Fish For\\\" is the fourteenth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". The episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 19, 2012. When Peter and the guys try to salvage a sunken Mercedes-Benz, Peter half-heartedly promises a favor to a helpful dolphin. Soon, the dolphin moves to Quahog but outstays his welcome at Peter's. Peter tries to reunite the dolphin with his ex-wife in hopes that he will return to the ocean. This episode was written by Steve Callaghan and directed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15892183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fish Called Selma\",\n \"text\": \"Guy\\\", in order to get a better representation of his performance. Throughout \\\"A Fish Called Selma\\\", it is hinted that Troy engages in strange sexual activity. The writers initially did not know what the \\\"unsavory\\\" sexual preference would be, but eventually decided on a fish fetish, a suggestion from executive producer James L. Brooks, since it was \\\"so perverted and strange, that it was over the top\\\". At the episode's table reading, an attendee exclaimed that the line, \\\"from now on she's smoking for two\\\" has \\\"got to go\\\" from the script; however, her request was denied. On the walls\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7321648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"by SABMiller at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. It has been used by Anheuser-Busch InBev in China and Brazil and by the Sly Fox Brewing Company in the United States. Another variation on the drink can is to have a resealable lid. A version patented by Cogito Can in France has been used by Groupe Casino, the French grocery chain for its private label energy drink. Most large companies serve their beverages in printed cans, where designs are printed on the aluminum and then crafted into a can. Alternatively, cans can be wrapped with a plastic design,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356496\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Be Careful What You Fish For\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Little Mermaid\\\", but none of the romantic plot is set up when Billy shows up in the first place. It’s the same random meandering through well-worn sitcom plot clichés that keeps \\\"Family Guy\\\" saddled with the “lazy” label. If this rerun comes on as some mindless background filler, it’ll do the job dutifully, but it’s getting increasingly frustrating to watch the show come up with material for Adam West that always hits the mark, but never find a way to fit other high-profile guest appearances into the framework.\\\" Be Careful What You Fish For \\\"Be Careful What You Fish\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15892189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\",\n \"text\": \"City Star gave a positive rating. The English Journal praised the book, recommending it to educators as a summer reading book for their students. The School Library Journal cited the free verse as a highlight of the book, naming \\\"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\\\" its \\\"Book of the Week\\\" in January 2006. A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl A Bad Boy Can Be Good For A Girl is the first novel by Tanya Lee Stone and written in a poetry-format. It follows the story of three girls who fall for the same bad\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16659006\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Treat\",\n \"text\": \"What a Treat was retired to broodmare duty at owner George Widener's Old Kenney Farm near Lexington, Kentucky, where he bred her to Never Bend. Following Widener's death in December 1971, on February 12, 1972 What a Treat was auctioned through the Keeneland Sales to a breeding syndicate from France for a then world record price for a broodmare of US$450,000. Of the foals she birthed for her new owners, her mating to Northern Dancer was the most successful, producing the 1974 colt Be My Guest. Although Be My Guest proved to be a good miler who won three Conditions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13879208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"3,570, down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978. Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the members' average age had increased to 59. Drink can A drink can (or beverage can) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, fruit juices, teas, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminium (75% of worldwide production) or tin-plated steel (25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide. The first commercial beer available in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356498\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"VA-11 HALL-A\",\n \"text\": \"can be served either aged or with ice. Players must also pay attention to infer what patrons actually want, which may be different from what they order. For example, a character might be feeling depressed and ask for a sweet drink, though the player instead giving them a shot of alcohol to help them forget their troubles would have a better effect. Alternately, the player may be able to make a character happy by talking to them instead of letting them feed on their alcoholism. At various points, the player can also tweak the customer's drink, such as adding Karmotrine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19561444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"Drink can A drink can (or beverage can) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, fruit juices, teas, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminium (75% of worldwide production) or tin-plated steel (25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide. The first commercial beer available in cans began in 1935 in Richmond, Virginia. Not long after that, sodas, with their higher acidity and somewhat higher pressures, were available in cans. The key development for storing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made\",\n \"text\": \"the US soul and Top 40 charts. Phillips performed the song on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", during its first season. The song, as performed by Dinah Washington, is used in the soundtrack of the following films: What a Diff'rence a Day Made \\\"What a Diff'rence a Day Made\\\", also recorded as \\\"What a Diff'rence a Day Makes\\\", is a popular song originally written in Spanish by María Grever, a Mexican songwriter, in 1934 with the title \\\"Cuando vuelva a tu lado\\\" (\\\"When I Return to Your Side\\\"). The song is also known in English as “What a Diff'rence a Day Makes”,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9152358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Time to Be Alive\",\n \"text\": \"platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over a million units. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes and Tidal. Notes Credits adapted from album's liner notes and Tidal. Musicians Technical What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \\\"What a Time to Be Alive\\\" was supported by Drake and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19036619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Time to Be Alive\",\n \"text\": \"What a Time to Be Alive What a Time to Be Alive is a collaborative commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper Future. It was released on September 20, 2015, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, Republic Records, OVO Sound, Epic Records, A1 Records and Freebandz. \\\"What a Time to Be Alive\\\" was supported by Drake and Future's previous collaboration on the single \\\"Where Ya At\\\". As friends, they originally planned to record a mixtape together earlier in the year; the project never fully materialized. However, during recording sessions for \\\"Where Ya At\\\", the duo began working\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19036612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"the hole used for consuming the drink. Consumers could also easily cut themselves on the edges of the holes or get their fingers stuck. Press button cans were used by Pepsi in Canada from the 1970s to 1980s and Coors in the 1970s. They have since been replaced with pull tabs. Used in Australia, locally known as \\\"pop-tops\\\", for soft drinks during the early 1980s. Another variation on the drink can is the \\\"full aperture end\\\", where the entire lid can be removed – turning an aluminium can into a cup. Crown Holdings first designed the \\\"360 End\\\" for use\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch\",\n \"text\": \"Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch (written as simply Happiness... on the cover) is the third studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on September 21, 1999 by Columbia Records. The album was very successful in Canada, debuting at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 3x Platinum in July 2001. Hit singles from the album include \\\"One Man Army\\\", \\\"Is Anybody Home?\\\", and \\\"Thief\\\". The final track on the CD, \\\"Stealing Babies\\\", features Elvin Jones, a prominent post-bop\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5647146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And Be a Villain\",\n \"text\": \"smile, and smile, and be a villain.\\\" Remarking on the change from Stout's title to \\\"More Deaths Than One\\\" for the British edition, Rev. Fredrick G. Gotwald wrote, \\\"It seems strange that the name was changed in a country from which the original came.\\\" Cyril Orchard, the publisher of the weekly Horse Racing Almanac, is poisoned with cyanide during a live soft drink commercial on a popular radio talk show. A media sensation, the case attracts the attention of Nero Wolfe, who is facing a crippling income tax bill, and Archie Goodwin is dispatched to convince the producers and sponsors\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8349156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Makes a Battle\",\n \"text\": \"garrison of 6000, 230 surrender.\\\" Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs, and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated, especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs. Emphasis then turns again to materiel. Showing all the destroyed planes, artillery, and ammunition, all needing to be replaced by the American workforce. But at the very end, images of the dead and wounded American soldiers are shown. The narrator assures us they will never be forgotten. What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9492583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Be with Us (A Year With...)\",\n \"text\": \"music videos for \\\"Ladies Night\\\", \\\"If You Come to Me\\\", \\\"Be with You\\\", \\\"The Last Goodbye\\\", and \\\"The Tide Is High\\\". The DVD also contains a photo gallery. The DVD was certified Gold on 25 February 2005. Music Videos: Plus the girls singing: and much more Be with Us (A Year With...) Be with Us (A Year With...) is a 2003 DVD by English girl group Atomic Kitten. The DVD mainly consists of behind the scenes footage of a year in the life of the band. Liz McClarnon, Natasha Hamilton and Jenny Frost give an inside look how the music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8828697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Quiet Drink\",\n \"text\": \"A Quiet Drink A Quiet Drink, is the third novel by English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1980. Unlike her previous two novels it departs from the autobiographical. The book is set in London and concerns Claudia a magazine editor whose husband has just left her, Steve Mullen a cosmetics rep, and his wife June. Claudia is still yearning after her husband but then finds herself a lodger, the mysterious Alistair a librarian who keeps a diary which Claudia is desperate to read. Steve is realising his marriage to the June is beginning to lose its sparkle, whilst June\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16962710\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Here's a Drink\",\n \"text\": \"hits compilation \\\"World Famous Classics\\\". Here's a Drink \\\"Here's a Drink\\\" is the fourth and final single from \\\"Stone Crazy\\\", a 1997 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released as a single by independent label Dixie Cup Records in 1997 and remains rare. The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by Juju and Psycho Les. The track samples \\\"1nce Again\\\" by A Tribe Called Quest. The song failed to chart or receive positive critical attention: Tom Doggett of RapReviews.com blames this on its \\\"unconventional sample\\\" and awkward staggered drums. It is nonetheless\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12141887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Here's a Drink\",\n \"text\": \"Here's a Drink \\\"Here's a Drink\\\" is the fourth and final single from \\\"Stone Crazy\\\", a 1997 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released as a single by independent label Dixie Cup Records in 1997 and remains rare. The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by Juju and Psycho Les. The track samples \\\"1nce Again\\\" by A Tribe Called Quest. The song failed to chart or receive positive critical attention: Tom Doggett of RapReviews.com blames this on its \\\"unconventional sample\\\" and awkward staggered drums. It is nonetheless featured on The Beatnuts' 1999\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12141886\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Type A submarine\",\n \"text\": \"However, four boats were converted to new submarine class (\\\"I-13\\\" class), because a number of submarines of the \\\"I-400\\\" class were cancelled. They had a large hangar and were equipped with bulges to be able to operate 2 × special Aichi M6A1 \\\"Seiran\\\" attack bombers. The headquarters institutions were removed. Project number S48. Three boats were planned under the Kai-Maru 5 Programme. However, all boats were cancelled in late 1943, because the IJN turned its attention to the construction of in 1945. Type A submarine The was a class of submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which served during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13014221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink a Beer\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Drink a Beer\\\" is striking in its contrast to the party connotations of its title. The song was well received by music critics, who praised the unprecedented vulnerability in Bryan's delivery. Billy Dukes of \\\"Taste of Country\\\" described the track as \\\"poignant\\\" and demonstrative of Bryan's ability to connect with an audience, while Christina Vinson of \\\"Taste of Country\\\" deemed \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" musically \\\"fantastic\\\" and lyrically \\\"extremely touching\\\". \\\"Roughstock\\\" editor Matt Bjorke indicated Bryan's impassioned vocals giving \\\"an air of authenticity to the lyrics\\\" as the reason for the song's effectiveness, and gave the song a four-and-a-half star ranking.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17658684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\",\n \"text\": \"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl A Bad Boy Can Be Good For A Girl is the first novel by Tanya Lee Stone and written in a poetry-format. It follows the story of three girls who fall for the same bad boy intent on seducing every girl in school. Josie is thrilled when TL notices her across the dance floor because of her \\\"couldn't care less\\\" act. Although refusing to at first, she begins ignoring her best friends, Kim and Caroline, but never gives them the cold shoulder. She's a freshman and, despite some close encounters, refuses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16659003\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink a Beer\",\n \"text\": \"6, 2013. The performance was dedicated to his late siblings Chris and Kelly. Lady Antebellum performed the song alongside co-writer Chris Stapleton as a tribute at the 2014 CMT Artists of the Year ceremony after Bryan was forced to cancel his scheduled performance following the passing of his brother-in-law, Lee. The song was covered by Jessica Meuse on the thirteenth season of \\\"American Idol\\\" during \\\"Rush Week,\\\" with varying reactions from the judges. Drink a Beer \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" is a song written by Jim Beavers and Chris Stapleton and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17658687\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain\",\n \"text\": \"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain \\\"A Short Drink From a Certain Fountain\\\" is an episode of the American television anthology series \\\"The Twilight Zone\\\". In this episode, a scientist gives his brother an experimental youth serum in order to save his marriage to a much younger woman. The episode's title refers to the mythical Fountain of Youth. Harmon Gordon, a wealthy old man married to a much younger woman named Flora, is exhausted by his wife's youthful and selfish lifestyle. Seeking to keep up the pace, he asks his scientist brother Raymond to inject him with an experimental\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4332153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain\",\n \"text\": \"not included in the \\\"Twilight Zone\\\" syndication package until 1984. When this and other long unseen episodes became available (including \\\"Miniature\\\"), a series of short introductions were shot featuring commentary from the cast and crew of the original episodes. In the segment with Patrick O'Neal for this episode, O'Neal remarked on how accurately the show's makeup effects artists had aged him, as he now very closely resembled his older appearance in this episode. O'Neal was actually only eight years older than Lee. A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain \\\"A Short Drink From a Certain Fountain\\\" is an episode of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4332157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Be with Us (A Year With...)\",\n \"text\": \"Be with Us (A Year With...) Be with Us (A Year With...) is a 2003 DVD by English girl group Atomic Kitten. The DVD mainly consists of behind the scenes footage of a year in the life of the band. Liz McClarnon, Natasha Hamilton and Jenny Frost give an inside look how the music videos were recorded, give a glimpse into their private lives, and take a bike ride through Singapore. The DVD also contains footage of various major and minor performances across the globe. The timeframe coincides with the release of the \\\"Ladies Night\\\" album. The video features the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8828696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach\",\n \"text\": \"June 1884 in favour of a smaller and more manageable work. The painting depicts an auction of fish landed from rowing boats on the beach near Newlyn, where they were sold by an auctioneer known as a \\\"jowster\\\". The lug sails of the Newlyn fleet of fishing boats can be seen in the background, out on the water. The tide has recently gone out, leaving wet patches that reflect the sky. The painting depicts several fishermen and fishwives in traditional dress - the men wearing sou'wester hats, rough jumpers, oilskin trousers, and heavy leather boots. The women wear heavy aprons\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17169625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Find Me a Drink Home\",\n \"text\": \"Custer, Michigan cabin in January and February 2008. It was mastered by Derron Nuhfer at Sarlacc Mastering in Gainesville, Florida. The album was released on April 22, 2008, on Bermuda Mohawk Records. On August 2, 2012, it was announced that future pressings of \\\"Find Me a Drink Home\\\" would be released by Asian Man Records. Credits are adapted from AllMusic. Find Me a Drink Home Find Me a Drink Home is the first studio album by rock group Cheap Girls. It was released on April 22, 2008, on Bermuda Mohawk Records. Los Diaper Records released it on vinyl in May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16678482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Be Careful What You Fish For\",\n \"text\": \"Emily, he finds that she already has a boyfriend named Devin, causing Brian to do what Stewie wanted him to do. As Miss Emily is being arrested by the police, Brian quotes \\\"What you did to those children, there's a special place in Hell for people like you.\\\" As the police car drives off, Stewie then jokes with Brian about how she is going to be abused in women's prison as they head off to find Stewie a new daycare center. In its original broadcast on February 19, 2012, \\\"Be Careful What You Fish For\\\" was watched by 5.39 million\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15892187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fish Dinner in Memison\",\n \"text\": \"Much is revealed about the links between principal characters and the separate worlds of the novel, as well as to \\\"The Worm Ouroboros\\\", not fully resolved in the other novels in the trilogy. The character of Lessingham is also resolved to its greatest extent in all the novels of the trilogy. \\\"A Fish Dinner in Memison\\\" overlaps chronologically with \\\"The Mezentian Gate\\\", but since the action starts later than in that work, it can be considered chronologically as the second novel in the series. A Fish Dinner in Memison A Fish Dinner in Memison is a fantasy novel by English\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6518954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a queer bird\",\n \"text\": \"What a queer bird \\\"What a queer bird\\\" is a poem of unclear origin. It first can be found in print in 1922, rapidly disseminating across dozens of publications in the United States that year. \\\"What a queer bird\\\" is a poem, folk song, or essay that may be sung as a round. It first can be found in print in 1922, rapidly disseminating across dozens of publications in the United States that year, but its precise origin is unclear. The words are as follows: In 1922, multiple United States publications attributed the poem or essay to \\\"a young Norwegian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11656192\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Common Word Between Us and You\",\n \"text\": \"the first commandment. / And the second, like it, is this: \\\"You shall love your neighbour as yourself.\\\" There is no other commandment greater than these.\\\" (Mark 12: 29–31) \\\"In obedience to the Holy Qu'ran, we as Muslims invite Christians to come together with us on the basis of what is common to us, which is also what is most essential to our faith and practice: the Two Commandments.\\\" (In Islam)...\\\"the call to be totally devoted and attached to God, heart and soul, far from being a call for a mere emotion or for a mood, is in fact an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11047841\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Deserve a Drink\",\n \"text\": \"You Deserve a Drink You Deserve a Drink: Boozy Misadventures and Tales of Debauchery is a memoir and cookbook written by YouTube personality and comedian Mamrie Hart. The book was published by Plume and released on May 26, 2015. The book details humorous anecdotes and stories of Hart's life, with a cocktail recipe accompanying each chapter. \\\"You Deserve a Drink\\\" was generally well-received by reviewers. Writing for \\\"The New York Times\\\", actor and comedian Michael Ian Black stated that \\\"Hart is a pull-no-punches comedian with a talent for self-deprecation in the guise of self-aggrandizement, a winning formula.\\\" Colleen Stinchcombe, writer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18831358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fish in a Drawer\",\n \"text\": \"giving a talk, she accidentally mentioned the crossover, as a result \\\"Variety\\\" was already inquiring about the crossover episodes that same day. Mendelsohn eventually revealed the crossover at the Banff event in Canada. After the episode was taped, Lorre stated: \\\"The biggest challenge for us was doing a comedy with a murder in it. Generally our stories are a little lighter. Would our audience go with a dead body in it? There was a moment where it could have gone either way. I think the results were spectacular. It turned out to be a really funny episode.\\\" \\\"Fish in a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12137740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\",\n \"text\": \"year: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \\\"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\\\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \\\"Boris Godunov\\\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11886157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\",\n \"text\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \\\"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\\\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \\\"Boris Godunov\\\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11886156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\",\n \"text\": \"Furious, she eventually checks out \\\"Forever...\\\", reads Josie's notes and then befriends her. Aviva is approached by TL in biology, when he needs help. They begin a fun-loving relationship and she overhears him talking to a friend about how she might be different but she might not be. She eventually does sleep with him, and says she loves him, causing him to break up with her. Kristen tries to apologize, but she doesn't want to hear it. Reviews for \\\"A Bad Boy Can Be Good For a Girl\\\" were mostly positive, with Kirkus Reviews panning the book while the Kansas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16659005\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Good Can Drinkin' Do\",\n \"text\": \"What Good Can Drinkin' Do \\\"What Good Can Drinkin' Do\\\" is a blues song by Janis Joplin, the first song she ever recorded. The song has six verses, following the 12-bar blues pattern. Lyrics in the first and last verse are almost identical: \\\"What good can drinkin' do ?\\\" is sung twice, then answered with \\\"Lord, I drink all night but the next day I still feel blue.\\\" Recordings of this song can be heard on Early Performances, or on the box set \\\"Janis\\\". \\\"Record Collector\\\" cites her intro to the song: \\\"Up steps a feisty young woman, one month\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10438573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Want a Love I Can See\",\n \"text\": \"have been highly influential upon the structure of Rocky Burnette's 1980 hit single \\\"Tired Of Toein' The Line\\\". I Want a Love I Can See \\\"I Want a Love I Can See\\\" is a 1963 single by The Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. The single was the group's first A-side to be written and produced by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson. Robinson had previously written the B-side \\\"Slow Down Heart\\\", but for over the past year Berry Gordy, Jr. had been The Temptations' main producer. Lead singer Paul Williams, in the role of the song’s narrator, talks about what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11685096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?\",\n \"text\": \"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be? \\\"What Can the Matter Be?\\\", also known as \\\"Johnny's So Long at the Fair\\\" is a traditional nursery rhyme that can be traced back as far as the 1770s in England. There are several variations on its lyrics. The \\\"Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes\\\" by Iona and Peter Opie traces this song back to an earlier folk ballad, recorded between 1770 and 1780, whose lyrics are: <poem> O what can the matter be And what can the matter be O what can the matter be Johnny bydes lang at the fair He'll buy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fish Called Wanda\",\n \"text\": \"consensus reads, \\\"Smartly written, smoothly directed, and solidly cast, \\\"A Fish Called Wanda\\\" offers a classic example of a brainy comedy with widespread appeal.\\\" On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 80 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews.\\\" After six weeks of wide release in the United States, it reached number one at the box office. It eventually grossed $62,493,712 in the US. It was the number one rental video in the US in 1989. Kline won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. Cleese and Crichton received an Academy Award\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2076863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is a Man Without a Moustache?\",\n \"text\": \"does not go bankrupt. Under the local bishop's (Ivica Vidović) threat of relocation if the funds aren't raised, Father Stipan is torn between choosing to accept Tatjana's money to be given to the church and choosing Tatjana's love. \\\"What Is a Man Without a Moustache?\\\" was commercially released in Croatia on July 23, 2005, and was screened domestically and abroad during 2005 and 2006 at several film festivals including the Pula Film Festival, Sarajevo Film Festival and International Thessaloniki Film Festival. Distributed in the United States by Doors Art Foundation, the film had limited theatrical release in the US, premiering\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14363566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Waste\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Tracks of the Year\\\" for 1978 by \\\"NME\\\". The song was omitted from \\\"Do It Yourself\\\" in keeping with Dury's then policy of not including singles on albums: the song was not available again until the compilation album \\\"Jukebox Dury\\\". The song can be found in abundance today, not only on Dury compilations but on various punk, new wave and rock albums. \\\"What a Waste\\\" is included as the final track on the Demon Records re-issue of \\\"New Boots and Panties!!\\\", and as the first track on the Edsel Records re-issue of \\\"Do It Yourself\\\". Live versions can be found\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9717349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"is ultimately done to cast the aluminium can into shape for further processing. Finally, the process of “ironing” is performed which forms the shape of the can. Cans are filled before the top is crimped on. The filling and sealing operations need to be extremely fast and precise. The filling head centers the can using gas pressure, purges the air, and lets the drink flow down the sides of the can. The lid is placed on the can, and then crimped in two operations. A seaming head engages the lid from above while a seaming roller to the side curls\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"canned drink market. His invention was the \\\"pull-tab\\\". This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminium pull-ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge-shaped tab section of the can top. The ring was riveted to the center of the top, which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the drink flow out while air flowed in. In 1959, while on a family picnic, Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Friend\",\n \"text\": \"What a Friend \\\"What a Friend\\\" is a song performed by Canadian contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist Matt Maher. The song was released as the second single from his 2017 album \\\"Echoes\\\" on September 15, 2017. The song peaked at No. 10 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his seventh Top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 26 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a E major key, and 110 beats per minute. \\\"What a Friend\\\" was released on September 15, 2017, as the second single from his fifth studio album \\\"Echos\\\". The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20845393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What-A-Burger\",\n \"text\": \"of the 2003-2004 legal action, the court found that \\\"no actionable damages had occurred\\\" or were likely to for either party and that there is no reasonable public confusion: \\\"There is no evidence — nor can we imagine any — that consumers are currently likely to be confused about whether the burgers served by Virginia W-A-B come from Texas or Virginia.\\\" What-A-Burger What-A-Burger is the trading name used by a small group of restaurants which were established by entrepreneur brothers Jack Branch and Paul E. Branch Jr. and members of the Branch family beginning in 1950. With the first location\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11132492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Look Like I Need a Drink\",\n \"text\": \"sold in its first week. The song has sold 165,000 copies in the US as of August 2016. For the week of October 8, 2016, it became Moore's fifth number one country single. The following week, it disappeared from the Country Airplay chart completely, making it the first song in that chart's history to fall off the chart from number one. The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in February 2016. You Look Like I Need a Drink \\\"You Look Like I Need a Drink\\\" is a song written by Rodney Clawson, Matt Dragsteam, and Natalie Hemby\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8740351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"in diameter at the lid, and 2.60 inches in diameter at the widest point of the body. Also available are 16oz cans known as pounders, and 24oz cans or larger are referred to as tall boys. In Canada, the standard size was previously 10 Imperial fluid ounces (284 ml), later redefined and labeled as 280 ml in around 1980. This size was commonly used with steel drink cans in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the US standard 355 ml can size was standardized in the 1980s and 1990s, upon the conversion from steel to aluminium. Some drinks such as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Requiem for a Fish\",\n \"text\": \"Requiem for a Fish Requiem pour un poisson (Requiem for a Fish) is a 2005 novel by French author Christine Adamo. The coelacanth is a very strange fish. On the one hand, this ancient species might have been the missing link between land and sea. On the other hand, everybody thought that it had disappeared long before dinosaurs' extinction. Yet, one day of 1938, a South African fisherman catches a specimen in its nets. But is the fish really the famous coelacanth? The world of science gets passionate and jealous around the beast. Who will be the first to trace\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13887602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Deserve a Drink\",\n \"text\": \"for She Knows said that \\\"She is undeniably a funny lady, and her humor translates beautifully — even more powerfully, I'd argue — to the page. Her jokes have more time to build, her punchlines land harder. She's created an entirely hilarious read that will delight her current fans by giving them a pitcher-sized serving of her normally shot-sized jokes and entice new readers who have enjoyed recent books by other humor heavy-hitters.\\\" You Deserve a Drink You Deserve a Drink: Boozy Misadventures and Tales of Debauchery is a memoir and cookbook written by YouTube personality and comedian Mamrie Hart.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18831359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?\",\n \"text\": \"we do think that we are sadly neglected; Because they don't visit the school. </poem> Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be? \\\"What Can the Matter Be?\\\", also known as \\\"Johnny's So Long at the Fair\\\" is a traditional nursery rhyme that can be traced back as far as the 1770s in England. There are several variations on its lyrics. The \\\"Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes\\\" by Iona and Peter Opie traces this song back to an earlier folk ballad, recorded between 1770 and 1780, whose lyrics are: <poem> O what can the matter be And what can the matter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And Be a Villain\",\n \"text\": \"to interfere in his affairs. After the blackmail story is published Walter Anderson, the president of the soft drink company, tries to end Wolfe’s investigations by paying him off and announcing that his company is withdrawing sponsorship from Fraser’s show. With no further leads, Wolfe sends Archie to Fraser and her entourage with a fake letter implicating Elinor Vance in order to try and shake a response out of the suspects. During the meeting, Deborah Koppel dies after eating a piece of candy laced with cyanide. Discovering the letter on Archie, the police threaten to charge him with obstructing justice,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8349160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\",\n \"text\": \"owing her father $70,000 for the wedding, Robin was duped by Nick about riding a motorbike powered by corn, and Barney just slept with another woman who was not an \\\"8 or higher.\\\" After a short drink, Marshall and Lily leave to spend some time together on the street. However, a close brush with a taxicab forces them to consider preparing a last will and testament, designating a guardian for Marvin in case either or both of them die (which saddens Lily at the mere mention of the word). The two argue over possibly designating Marshall's mother Judy, his elder\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16800346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Type A submarine\",\n \"text\": \"Type A submarine The was a class of submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), which served during the Second World War. The \\\"Type-A\\\" submarines were built to take a role of the command ships for submarine squadrons. For this reason they had equipment for a headquarters, better radio facilities and a floatplane. The \\\"Type-A\\\" submarines were divided into four classes: Project number S35Ja. Their design was based on the \\\"Junsen III\\\" (\\\"I-7\\\" class). Three boats were built in 1938-42 under the Maru 3 Programme (Boat # 35 - 36) and Maru 4 Programme (Boat # 138). Project number S35B.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13014219\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink can\",\n \"text\": \"pour. The SuperEnd from Crown Holdings launched in 2000 was designed to use 10% less metal in production than standard beverage ends. One variation was the press button can, which featured two pre-cut buttons—one small and one large—in the top of the can sealed with a plastic membrane. These buttons were held closed by the outward pressure of the carbonated drink. The consumer would open the can by depressing both buttons, which would result in two holes. The small hole would act as a vent to relieve internal pressure so the larger button could then be pressed down to create\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fox, a Rabbit, and a Cabbage\",\n \"text\": \"not turn on. Suspicious, he sends Linda into the office wearing his coat to get what they came for. Malvo appears inside the office and shoots Linda in the back of her head, thinking her to be Lester. Realizing his mistake, Malvo exits the building and scans the parking lot for Lester. Seeing no one, he lights a cigarette and walks away as Lester nervously watches from a distance. The episode first aired in the US on FX on June 10, 2014 and obtained 1.90 million viewers. The episode was very well received among critics. It currently holds a perfect\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18687776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top\",\n \"text\": \"They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top is the first album by dance-punk band Liars. The album was first released in October 2001 by Gern Blandsten Records and later re-released in 2002 by English label Blast First. It displays the band in its original line-up with singer Angus Andrew, guitarist Aaron Hemphill, bassist Pat Noecker (currently in These Are Powers), and drummer Ron Albertson. Underworld's album \\\"Beaucoup Fish\\\" (1999) was credited by Angus Andrew as the foremost influential album on \\\"They\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5643578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Catch, Donnie\",\n \"text\": \"together and Patrick is no longer lonely. At 0:37 a carousel horse can be seen on deck (from \\\"America's Suitehearts\\\"). Towards the end of the video, Patrick starts to fish again but finds strange objects such as deer antlers (from Antler Boy in \\\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\\\"), a black and white striped jacket (the jacket Patrick wore in \\\"Dance, Dance\\\"), and a bass drum (one of Andy Hurley's drums). Finally, he comes across a sign featuring the letters F, O, and B (the sign from \\\"Thnks fr th Mmrs\\\"). He then looks up and spots a white casket (from \\\"This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12577812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oh! What a Lovely War\",\n \"text\": \"gave the film a perfect grade of 4 stars and said it \\\"deserves an Academy Award nomination for the best picture of the year ... You can sit back and enjoy this film on any one of many levels. The songs are good, the lyrics are biting; the staging and costuming blend with the story rather than overshadow it. The acting seems effortless.\\\" Kevin Thomas of the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" wrote: \\\"What noted British actor Richard Attenborough, in a dazzling directorial debut, and his principal writers Len Deighton and Brian Duffy have done is to transform the highly political and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1490760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Drink in the Passage\",\n \"text\": \"ensuing national furor, the absurdities of legalised racial discrimination are gently, but tellingly, revealed. A Drink in the Passage A Drink in the Passage is an English-language film released in 2002. Adapted from a short story by Alan Paton, also the author of \\\"Cry, The Beloved Country,\\\" this short film is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and indignities of apartheid. \\\"A Drink in the Passage\\\" is the story of Edward Simelane who is awarded first prize in a national fine arts competition for his remarkable stone sculpture, called Mother and Child. But unbeknownst to him, the competition is for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16297315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Drink in the Passage\",\n \"text\": \"A Drink in the Passage A Drink in the Passage is an English-language film released in 2002. Adapted from a short story by Alan Paton, also the author of \\\"Cry, The Beloved Country,\\\" this short film is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and indignities of apartheid. \\\"A Drink in the Passage\\\" is the story of Edward Simelane who is awarded first prize in a national fine arts competition for his remarkable stone sculpture, called Mother and Child. But unbeknownst to him, the competition is for whites only. Nonetheless, the judging panel decides to stick to its decision. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16297314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Friend\",\n \"text\": \"on February 23, 2018. A live version of the song was released on June 15, 2018, featuring Christian music singer Jason Crabb. What a Friend \\\"What a Friend\\\" is a song performed by Canadian contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist Matt Maher. The song was released as the second single from his 2017 album \\\"Echoes\\\" on September 15, 2017. The song peaked at No. 10 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his seventh Top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 26 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a E major key, and 110 beats\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20845395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boy! What a Girl!\",\n \"text\": \"and agrees to finance Jim’s show, enabling him to achieve his professional goals and to marry Cristola. \\\"Boy! What a Girl!\\\" was planned to be the first in a series of all-black race films produced by the independent company Herald Pictures. The film’s press kit acknowledged the segregated distribution patterns of the race film by proclaiming \\\"Boy! What a Girl!\\\" would be “an all-Negro motion picture can be produced to play in any theater in the country and not merely confined to the some 600 odd playhouses that cater strictly to an all-Negro audience.” The film was shot at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12802109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And Be a Villain\",\n \"text\": \"Fraser is unable to drink the beverage she was advertising because it gives her indigestion, and instead drinks iced coffee from the bottle instead. As the marked bottle was the one containing the poison, this suggests that Fraser was the intended victim instead of Orchard. Wolfe passes this information on to Inspector Cramer, seeing this as an opportunity to claim his fee without further work. When the press -- prompted by Archie -- criticises him for his lack of effort, however, he is stung into further action but, to Archie’s surprise, begins investigating a different murder. Beula Poole, the publisher\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8349158\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Can Be Done at This Point\",\n \"text\": \"What Can Be Done at This Point What Can Be Done at This Point is the third album by Mexican alternative rock singer, Elan. The album was released in early May 2007. The title track, \\\"What Can Be Done at This Point\\\", is a tribute to the deceased crew of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The track contains audio of the transmission between Challenger and mission control of the day of the tragedy. The track number 6, \\\"Don't Want You in\\\", was the lead single off the album. \\\"Don't Want You in\\\" is the lead single from the album \\\"What Can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11719723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is a Nation?\",\n \"text\": \"Language, by contrast, \\\"invites us but does not force us, to unite\\\". Countries which share the Spanish or English language don't merge with one another, while the people of Switzerland speak several languages. Modern nationhood also cannot be based on religion, which Renan observes, is currently practiced according to individual belief. \\\"You can be French, English, German, yet Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, or practicing no religion\\\". Mutuality of interests is fine for corporations and their affiliates, but nationality is based on sentiment. Geography merely leads us astray, and often to violence: \\\"Mountains don't know how to carve out countries\\\". Renan concludes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15237580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Waste\",\n \"text\": \"on both \\\"Warts 'n' Audience\\\" and \\\"Straight from the Desk\\\". Dury re-recorded the song with Curve in 1993 for the \\\"Peace Together\\\" album. The recording was also included on Curve's 2004 compilation album \\\"The Way of Curve\\\". Although the original single omits the exclamation mark, \\\"What a Waste\\\" is sometimes written with one, including on \\\"Live! Warts 'n' Audience\\\". Part of the bridge section of \\\"What a Waste\\\" was sampled by A Tribe Called Quest on their 1991 single \\\"Can I Kick It?\\\". What a Waste \\\"What a Waste\\\" is a song and single by Ian Dury and the Blockheads,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9717350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Flying Fish (SSN-673)\",\n \"text\": \"29 April 1970 with Commander Donald C. Shelton in command. May 1995 Mine laying exercises, Joint Service Special Warfare operations - Operational Test Launch of Tomahawk cruise missile. \\\"Flying Fish\\\" was decommissioned on 16 May 1996 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. Her scrapping via the Nuclear-Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington, was completed on 15 October 1996. USS Flying Fish (SSN-673) USS \\\"Flying Fish\\\" (SSN-673), a \\\"Sturgeon\\\"-class attack submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the flying fish, any of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3737984\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Drink a Beer\",\n \"text\": \"the story of a character who honors the recent passing of a loved one by watching the sunset on the edge of a pier and drinking a beer, which they normally would have done together. \\\"Drink a Beer\\\" takes a relatively unique approach to the theme of loss by addressing the \\\"very raw, real emotion\\\" that immediately follows the loss of a loved one rather than focusing on how a person copes in the long term or plans to move on and rebuild. Like Lee Brice's \\\"I Drive Your Truck,\\\" critics and fans have noted that the subject matter of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17658683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach\",\n \"text\": \"City Museum and Art Gallery and is one of Forbes' best known works. A later work, \\\"The Health of the Bride\\\", was bought by Henry Tate in 1889 and is now held by Tate Britain. A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach is an oil-on-canvas painting by Stanhope Forbes depicting a fish auction on the beach near Newlyn. It was painted in 1884-5 and exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1885. The painting is now owned by the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery. Forbes was born in Dublin in 1857\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17169627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\",\n \"text\": \"on 6 January 2017, as the lead single from their 25th live album, \\\"Let There Be Light\\\" (2016). \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" was composed in December 2015 in Sydney, Australia, for the upcoming Hillsong Conference, the annual church gathering. The scriptural foundation of the song can be found in , and . According to sheet music published at Sheetmusicdirect.com by Hillsong Publishing, \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of D major. Brooke Ligertwood's vocal range spans from A to B during the song.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19789528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What-A-Burger\",\n \"text\": \"both the Richmond and Newport News areas noted many years of their patronage. A recent review in \\\"the State\\\" (Columbia, SC) newspaper's blog, following their local \\\"Cheeseburger crawl\\\" stated \\\"You can order either the regular What-a-burger or the What-a-burger with cheese; ordering it \\\"all the way\\\" comes with mustard, onions, pickles, lettuce and tomato, although you can also add ketchup and mayo, or request grilled onions.\\\" During the formative years, neither the Branch family nor Dobson and his associates were apparently aware of the existence of the other. A federal trademark infringement lawsuit between the two Virginia corporations in conflict\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11132490\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach\",\n \"text\": \"A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach is an oil-on-canvas painting by Stanhope Forbes depicting a fish auction on the beach near Newlyn. It was painted in 1884-5 and exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1885. The painting is now owned by the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery. Forbes was born in Dublin in 1857 and studied at Lambeth School of Art and the Royal Academy Schools. He travelled to Paris in 1880 and was influenced by the avant-garde taste for painting outdoors, \\\"en plein air\\\", and by the landscape\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17169623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?\",\n \"text\": \"he'd buy me a fairing should please me, And then for a kiss, oh! he vowed he would tease me, He promised he'd bring me a bunch of blue ribbons, To tie up my bonny brown hair. </poem> Cohen's \\\"Folk Music\\\" gives a different version of the lyrics: <poem> O dear, what can the matter be? O dear, what can the matter be? O dear, what can the matter be? Johnny's so long at the fair. He promised he'd bring me a bunch of blue ribbons. He promised he'd bring me a bunch of blue ribbons. He promised he'd bring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?\",\n \"text\": \"me a twopenny whistle He'll buy me a threepenny fair He'll buy me a Bunch o' Blue Ribbons To tye up my bonny Brown Hair O saw ye him coming And saw ye him coming O saw ye him coming Hame frae the Newcastle fair </poem> The following are given as the traditional lyrics (being chorus and verse) in Cuddon's and Preston's \\\"A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory\\\": <poem> O dear, what can the matter be? Dear, dear, what can the matter be? O dear, what can the matter be? Johnny's so long at the fair. He promised\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Time to Be Alive\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"glimmering\\\" and hails both rappers when they are able to work on their own and make music in their respective comfort zones in songs like Future's \\\"Jersey\\\" and Drake's \\\"30 for 30 Freestyle\\\". \\\"Complex\\\" said about Drake verses; \\\"despite a corny bar here or there, Drake sounds way more energized with much better flows.\\\" \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" was disappointed with Drake on the album, quoting \\\"despite a beat by Drake whisperer Noah \\\"40\\\" Shebib, the album-closing \\\"30 For 30 Freestyle\\\" doesn't come near clearing the admittedly high bar Drake has set for himself in 2015.\\\" \\\"What a Time to Be Alive\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19036617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. Joe Fish\",\n \"text\": \"Texas. From 1981 to 1983 he was a judge on the Fifth District of the Texas Court of Appeals in Dallas. On January 31, 1983, Fish was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas vacated by Judge Patrick Higginbotham. Fish was confirmed by the United States Senate less than a month later, on February 23, 1983, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge of the district from 2002 to 2007, assuming senior status on November 12, 2007. A. Joe Fish Allen Joe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13103520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. Joe Fish\",\n \"text\": \"A. Joe Fish Allen Joe Fish (born November 12, 1942) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas in Dallas, Texas. Born in Los Angeles, California, Fish received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1965 and his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1968. He was a Sergeant in the United States Army Reserve from 1968 to 1974, and was in private practice in Dallas, Texas, from 1968 to 1980. In 1980 he was elected to the 95th Judicial District Court of Dallas County,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13103519\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["tang","táng","tāng","唐","t'ang","tang","tang (disambiguation)"],"string":"[\n \"tang\",\n \"táng\",\n \"tāng\",\n \"唐\",\n \"t'ang\",\n \"tang\",\n \"tang (disambiguation)\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78298,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"on oct 28, 1886, the rotund one himself, grover cleveland, officially dedicated what us landmark?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"USS Despatch (1873)","text":"for varied ceremonial duties. One of the most important of these ceremonial events occurred on 28 October 1886 when she transported President Grover Cleveland, his private secretary, and three members of his cabinet, to and from Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor for the dedication and unveiling of the Statue of Liberty on 28 October 1886. Over the years, she also carried despatches and men to the fleet and along the U.S. East Coast, towed into port or destroyed damaged ships and wrecks, and escorted new ships during their sea trials. From 12 December 1881 to 3 June 1882, \"Despatch\"","psg_id":"12983951"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"USS Despatch (1873)\",\n \"text\": \"for varied ceremonial duties. One of the most important of these ceremonial events occurred on 28 October 1886 when she transported President Grover Cleveland, his private secretary, and three members of his cabinet, to and from Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor for the dedication and unveiling of the Statue of Liberty on 28 October 1886. Over the years, she also carried despatches and men to the fleet and along the U.S. East Coast, towed into port or destroyed damaged ships and wrecks, and escorted new ships during their sea trials. From 12 December 1881 to 3 June 1882, \\\"Despatch\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12983951\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Grover Cleveland Birthplace","text":"Grover Cleveland Birthplace The Grover Cleveland Birthplace is a registered historic site located in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is the only house museum dedicated to U.S. President Grover Cleveland. It was the home where Grover Cleveland was born in 1837. The building is also known as the Caldwell Presbyterian Church Manse and served as a Presbyterian church parsonage for the Cleveland family while Grover's father, Rev. Richard Falley Cleveland, served as a pastor of the local church. Cleveland was originally named Stephen Grover in honor of the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Caldwell,","psg_id":"13969209"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Birthplace","text":"but he did not use the name \"Stephen\" in his adult life. The family moved to New York in 1841. A group of private citizens purchased the house in the early twentieth century to open it as a museum. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. Grover Cleveland Birthplace The Grover Cleveland Birthplace is a registered historic site located in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is the only house museum dedicated to U.S. President Grover Cleveland. It was the home where Grover Cleveland was born in 1837. The building is also","psg_id":"13969210"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"sought a summer house to escape the heat and smells of Washington, D.C., near enough the capital. He secretly bought a farmhouse, Oak View (or Oak Hill), in a rural upland part of the District of Columbia, in 1886, and remodeled it into a Queen Anne style summer estate. He sold Oak View upon losing his bid for re-election in 1888. Not long thereafter, suburban residential development reached the area, which came to be known as Oak View, and then Cleveland Heights, and eventually Cleveland Park. The Clevelands are depicted in local murals. Grover Cleveland Hall at Buffalo State College","psg_id":"159001"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign","text":"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign The 1884 election was the first Presidential campaign in which Grover Cleveland participated and the first of two nonconsecutive terms that he won. This election pitted Grover Cleveland against James G. Blaine and the campaign for this election centered on corruption, civil service reforms, and scandals. In this election, Cleveland portrayed himself as the clean and honest candidate in contrast to the corrupt James G. Blaine. In the years leading up to 1884, the Republican Party was divided into two factions—the Stalwarts and the Reformers. In 1884, Reformer James G. Blaine was able to defeat","psg_id":"20347980"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign","text":"Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign After losing re-election to Republican Benjamin Harrison in 1888 and leaving office in 1889, U.S. President Grover Cleveland was initially satisfied with his return to private life. However, Cleveland's views about his retirement began to change at the time of the 1890 midterm elections, in which the Democrats won huge victories at the ballot box. In addition, Cleveland disliked what he perceived to be the frequent blunders of the Harrison administration. By the time 1891 ended, Grover Cleveland decided to re-enter American political life and run again for U.S. President in the 1892 U.S. Presidential","psg_id":"17251655"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Alexander","text":"Grover Cleveland Alexander Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Cardinals. He was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938. Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of thirteen children. He played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month. In 1909 he played for the Galesburg Boosters in","psg_id":"2254595"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933. Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism, and","psg_id":"158911"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"Coin Act of 2005. In 2013, Cleveland was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Scholarly studies Primary sources Official Letters and Speeches Media coverage Other Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era","psg_id":"159004"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland The presidencies of Grover Cleveland lasted from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889, and from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1897. The first Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland is the only President of the United States to leave office after one term and later return for a second term. His presidencies were the nation's 22nd and 24th. Cleveland defeated James G. Blaine of Maine in 1884, lost to Benjamin Harrison of Indiana in 1888, and then defeated President Harrison in 1892. Cleveland won the 1884 election with the support of a","psg_id":"19767974"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"in Buffalo, New York. Cleveland Hall houses the offices of the college president, vice presidents, and other administrative functions and student services. Cleveland was a member of the first board of directors of the then Buffalo Normal School. Grover Cleveland Middle School in his birthplace, Caldwell, New Jersey, was named for him, as is Grover Cleveland High School in Buffalo, New York, and the town of Cleveland, Mississippi. Mount Cleveland, a volcano in Alaska, is also named after him. In 1895 he became the first U.S. President who was filmed. The first U.S. postage stamp to honor Cleveland appeared in","psg_id":"159002"},{"title":"Grover, North Carolina","text":"House Historical Society to The Inn of the Patriots, 301 Cleveland Avenue, Grover Cleveland, NC 28073. No such town exists in America. Cleveland Avenue (Route 226) runs through Grover - parallel to Main Street. Many Hambright's (Hambrecht's), Hamrick's and Herndon's lived on Cleveland Avenue. Today, the Shiloh Presbyterian Church (built in 1905) remains next to Doctor Alfred Hambright's (Hambrecht) home that was built after the Civil War. A statue was dedicated to Colonel Frederick Hambright (Hambrecht Prussian family) and US Marine Corporal, Clyde Furman Horton on July 1, 2008. The Shiloh Presbyterian Church Cemetery was listed on the National Register","psg_id":"1172813"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"term, public perception showed him to be one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents, and he was by then rejected even by most Democrats. Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the upper-mid tier of American presidents. Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, to Ann (née Neal) and Richard Falley Cleveland. Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut. His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller. On his father's side, Cleveland was descended from","psg_id":"158915"},{"title":"Grover","text":"\"was used in promotional films for IBM.\" In an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" on May 31, 1970, the character acquired his present name and his appearance was changed to the more familiar puppet with blue fur and a pink nose. In this appearance, Kermit the Frog tried to sing \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\" (accompanying himself on piano), but Grover repeatedly interrupted him. The true Grover \"officially\" debuted in the second season of \"Sesame Street\". One of the more frequent sketch segments featuring Grover involves him taking a series of customer service jobs. One of his customers","psg_id":"1772459"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll","text":"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll Grover Cleveland Bergdoll (October 18, 1893 – January 27, 1966) was an early aviator, racing driver and World War I draft dodger, who went to Germany to avoid service. He was born in Philadelphia to a wealthy brewing family. He was one of 119 people to train at the Wright Flying School, and in 1912 he purchased a Wright Model B biplane for $5,000. Bergdoll made several public flights from an airfield on family-owned land outside Philadelphia, and was the first person to fly an airplane between Philadelphia and Atlantic City, New Jersey. After 748 flights the","psg_id":"8871001"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll","text":"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll Grover Cleveland Bergdoll (October 18, 1893 – January 27, 1966) was an early aviator, racing driver and World War I draft dodger, who went to Germany to avoid service. He was born in Philadelphia to a wealthy brewing family. He was one of 119 people to train at the Wright Flying School, and in 1912 he purchased a Wright Model B biplane for $5,000. Bergdoll made several public flights from an airfield on family-owned land outside Philadelphia, and was the first person to fly an airplane between Philadelphia and Atlantic City, New Jersey. After 748 flights the","psg_id":"8870994"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign","text":"St. John took some votes in New York from Blaine. After the election, Blaine attributed his loss in New York to the bad weather as well as to Samuel Burchard's gaffe; without these factors, Blaine believed that he would have won New York by 10,000 votes (and thus won the U.S. Presidency). Overall, 1884 was the first time in 28 years—specifically since before the American Civil War—that the Democrats won an election for the U.S. Presidency. Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign The 1884 election was the first Presidential campaign in which Grover Cleveland participated and the first of two nonconsecutive","psg_id":"20347988"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"eight greatest president in U.S. history, but his standing in polls of historians and political scientists has declined since 1948. A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association's Presidents and Executive Politics section ranked Cleveland as the 24th best president. A 2017 C-Span poll of historians ranked Cleveland as the 23rd best president. Official Letters and Speeches Media coverage Other Presidencies of Grover Cleveland The presidencies of Grover Cleveland lasted from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889, and from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1897. The first Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland is the","psg_id":"19768057"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Alexander","text":"by the team in 2001 to honor his career with them. Alexander is mentioned in the \"Leave It to Beaver\" third-season episode \"Ward's Baseball\" in which Ward has a baseball with several autographs and Alexander's is one of them. Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem \"Line-Up for Yesterday\" by Ogden Nash: , or Retrosheet, or SABR Biography Project, or The Deadball Era Grover Cleveland Alexander Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed \"Old Pete\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs,","psg_id":"2254610"},{"title":"Grover Whalen","text":"Grover Whalen Grover Aloysius Whalen (1886–1962) was a prominent politician, businessman, and public relations guru in New York City during the 1930s and 1940s. Whalen was born on July 2, 1886 in New York City. Whalen was the son of an Irish immigrant father and a French-Canadian mother, who named their son after President Grover Cleveland, who was married on the same day that their child was born. His father, Michael Whalen, was a successful trucking contractor and a Tammany Hall supporter. Grover Whalen attended DeWitt Clinton High School and afterwards studied law. He then joined the staff of John","psg_id":"2695073"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Park","text":"Grover Cleveland Park Grover Cleveland Park, the seventh-largest park in the Essex County, New Jersey, USA, county-park system, is a heavily wooded park covering in the western section of Essex County along the Caldwell-Essex Fells border. The park was conceived with a formal design with manicured lawns, well-spaced large trees, and of waterways, including Pine Brook Creek, which runs through the park feeding a small pond at the lower end. A small footbridge at the far end of the pond was the location of a one-time sawmill. Several foot bridges connect the two areas of the park divided by the","psg_id":"6360711"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Golf Course","text":"Grover Cleveland Golf Course The Grover Cleveland Golf Course is a historic golf course located in Buffalo, New York that hosted the 1912 U.S. Open that was founded as The Country Club of Buffalo. It is one of two courses owned by Erie County. The golf course is located at 3781 Main Street. The 18-hole course is (from the back tees) and is a par 69. It has a course rating of 65.5 and a slope rating of 102. The course was founded as The Country Club of Buffalo on February 11, 1889 and was originally located at the intersection","psg_id":"12107002"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign","text":"reluctantly support Cleveland in 1892, which might have helped Cleveland narrowly win his home state of New York. Grover Cleveland won the general election by the largest popular vote margin (three percent) in twenty years. In addition, Cleveland won almost two thirds of the Electoral College vote, winning all of the states that he won in 1884 in addition to Illinois, Wisconsin, and California. Due to winning in 1892, Grover Cleveland became the first (and only, even to this day) ex-U.S. President to be elected U.S. President again. Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign After losing re-election to Republican Benjamin Harrison","psg_id":"17251661"},{"title":"Grover C. Winn","text":"Grover C. Winn Grover Cleveland \"Ki\" Winn (January 3, 1886 – May 18, 1943) was an American lawyer, who served as speaker of the Alaska Territorial House of Representatives. Winn was born Grover Cleveland Winn in Wiota, Wisconsin in 1886. He received his law degree in 1910 from the University of Washington School of Law and practiced law in Juneau, Alaska. He also served of the Juneau School Board. His son, William, became a noted art dealer and critic in Juneau, Alaska. Winn died in 1943. Winn was a member of the Alaska Territorial House of Representatives from 1929 to","psg_id":"16052624"},{"title":"Grover C. Winn","text":"1932, serving as speaker from 1931 to 1932. He was a Republican. Grover C. Winn Grover Cleveland \"Ki\" Winn (January 3, 1886 – May 18, 1943) was an American lawyer, who served as speaker of the Alaska Territorial House of Representatives. Winn was born Grover Cleveland Winn in Wiota, Wisconsin in 1886. He received his law degree in 1910 from the University of Washington School of Law and practiced law in Juneau, Alaska. He also served of the Juneau School Board. His son, William, became a noted art dealer and critic in Juneau, Alaska. Winn died in 1943. Winn was","psg_id":"16052625"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"English ancestors, the first of the family having emigrated to Massachusetts from Cleveland, England in 1635. His father's maternal grandfather, Richard Falley Jr., fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and was the son of an immigrant from Guernsey. On his mother's side, Cleveland was descended from Anglo-Irish Protestants and German Quakers from Philadelphia. Cleveland was distantly related to General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was named. Cleveland, the fifth of nine children, was named Stephen Grover in honor of the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Caldwell, where his father was pastor at","psg_id":"158916"},{"title":"First inauguration of Grover Cleveland","text":"First inauguration of Grover Cleveland The first inauguration of Grover Cleveland as the 22nd President of the United States was held on Wednesday, March 4, 1885, at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Grover Cleveland as President and the only term of Thomas A. Hendricks as Vice President. Hendricks died days into this term, and the office remained vacant for the balance of it. (Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, no constitutional provision existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the","psg_id":"12951683"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"the time. He became known as Grover in his adult life. In 1841, the Cleveland family moved to Fayetteville, New York, where Grover spent much of his childhood. Neighbors later described him as \"full of fun and inclined to play pranks,\" and fond of outdoor sports. In 1850, Cleveland's father moved to Clinton, Oneida County, New York, to work as district secretary for the American Home Missionary Society. Despite his father's dedication to his missionary work, the income was insufficient for the large family. Financial conditions forced him to remove Grover from school into a two-year mercantile apprenticeship in Fayetteville.","psg_id":"158917"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)","text":"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York) Grover Cleveland High School was a high school located in Buffalo, New York. It is named for former U.S. President and Buffalo mayor Grover Cleveland and generally housed students from Grades 9 - 12, teaching according to the Board of Regents. Currently, the school building houses The International Preparatory School. Grover Cleveland High School was originally constructed in 1913 as the home to Buffalo State College, then known as Buffalo Teacher's School. In 1931, Grover Cleveland High School was formed as a school serving the Lower West Side of Buffalo. The building was","psg_id":"16101835"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"The experience was valuable and brief, and the living conditions quite austere. Grover returned to Clinton and his schooling at the completion of the apprentice contract. In 1853, when missionary work began to take a toll on his health, Cleveland's father took an assignment in Holland Patent, New York (near Utica) and the family moved again. Shortly after, he died from a gastric ulcer, with Grover reputedly hearing of his father's death from a boy selling newspapers. Cleveland received his elementary education at the Fayetteville Academy and the Clinton Liberal Academy. After his father died in 1853, he again left","psg_id":"158918"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"warmed to her beauty and warm personality. The Clevelands had five children: Ruth (1891–1904), Esther (1893–1980), Marion (1895–1977), Richard (1897–1974), and Francis Grover (1903–1995). British philosopher Philippa Foot was their granddaughter. Cleveland also claimed paternity of an additional child named Oscar Folsom Cleveland with Maria Croft Halpin who claimed the child was a product of rape. During his first term, Cleveland successfully nominated two justices to the Supreme Court of the United States. The first, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, was a former Mississippi Senator who served in Cleveland's Cabinet as Interior Secretary. When William Burnham Woods died, Cleveland nominated Lamar","psg_id":"158963"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Park","text":"fieldhouse, baseball field, summer concert activities, playground, fishing, jogging walkways, picnic grove, and ice skating. Grover Cleveland Park Grover Cleveland Park, the seventh-largest park in the Essex County, New Jersey, USA, county-park system, is a heavily wooded park covering in the western section of Essex County along the Caldwell-Essex Fells border. The park was conceived with a formal design with manicured lawns, well-spaced large trees, and of waterways, including Pine Brook Creek, which runs through the park feeding a small pond at the lower end. A small footbridge at the far end of the pond was the location of a","psg_id":"6360713"},{"title":"Let Us Go Back to the Old Landmark","text":"song to Adeline Brunner (as A.M. or A.H. Brunner). It is featured in the 1980 film \"The Blues Brothers\", where it is performed by James Brown with the Rev. James Cleveland Choir. It also appears on the film's soundtrack album. Let Us Go Back to the Old Landmark \"Let Us Go Back to the Old Landmark\", also known as \"The Old Landmark\", is a gospel song. Sometimes credited as \"traditional\", it was written by W. Herbert Brewster and published in 1949 in an arrangement by Virginia Davis. It was recorded by Brewster's own group, the Brewster Singers, and by many","psg_id":"17114062"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Golf Course","text":"of Amherst is a (from the back tees), par 72 Donald J. Ross, ASGCA designed golf course also opened in 1926. The course rating is 71.8 and it has a slope rating of 127 on Bent grass. Timothy P. Minahan, CCM manages the course as the General Manager. The clubhouse, which overlooks the eighteenth green, was designed by Duane Lyman and opened in 1927. Grover Cleveland Golf Course The Grover Cleveland Golf Course is a historic golf course located in Buffalo, New York that hosted the 1912 U.S. Open that was founded as The Country Club of Buffalo. It is","psg_id":"12107007"},{"title":"First inauguration of Grover Cleveland","text":"vice presidency.) Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite administered the presidential oath of office, and Cleveland held a Bible given to him at age 15 by his mother as he recited it. Cleveland's second inauguration took place eight years after the first, as his two terms in office were not consecutive. He is the only U.S. president to serve non-consecutive terms. First inauguration of Grover Cleveland The first inauguration of Grover Cleveland as the 22nd President of the United States was held on Wednesday, March 4, 1885, at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration","psg_id":"12951684"},{"title":"Cleveland High School (Seattle)","text":"Cleveland High School (Seattle) Cleveland High School, also known as Grover Cleveland High School, is a public secondary school located in Seattle, Washington. It is operated as part of the Seattle Public Schools system and serves the Beacon Hill and Georgetown neighborhoods. The school was established in 1927 and named for President Grover Cleveland, and its building is a designated city landmark. The then-independent city of Georgetown established a high school in 1903, with one class graduating from the facility at the Mueller School annex. Beginning in 1905, Georgetown and south Seattle students were moved to high schools across the","psg_id":"7741114"},{"title":"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston","text":"In honor of Frances Cleveland, Cleveland Hall was constructed in 1911 on the Wells College campus. Originally a library, the building currently holds foreign language classes. Frances Folsom, who was 21 years old, married President Grover Cleveland, age 49, on June 2, 1886, at the White House. This was the only time a president married in the Executive Mansion, and Frances was the only First Lady to marry in the White House. Their age difference of 28 years is the second largest of any presidential marriage (behind that of President John Tyler, whose second wife, Julia Gardiner Tyler, was thirty","psg_id":"2470873"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"to Free Silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, \"[I]n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not.\" By the end of his second","psg_id":"158914"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"and \"there is not, and never was, a doubt as to the paternity of our child, and the attempt of Grover Cleveland, or his friends, to couple the name of Oscar Folsom, or any one else, with that boy, for that purpose is simply infamous and false.\" The electoral votes of closely contested New York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Connecticut would determine the election. In New York, the Tammany Democrats decided that they would gain more from supporting a Democrat they disliked than a Republican who would do nothing for them. Blaine hoped that he would have more support from","psg_id":"158941"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)","text":"seniors graduated in 2011. From 2011 until June 2013, the building was renovated and re-opened to students at International Preparatory School and the new STAR Academy in Fall 2013. \"Previous assignment and reasons for departure listed in parentheses\" \"Previous assignment and reasons for departure listed in parentheses\" <nowiki>*</nowiki>Denotes interim appointment Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York) Grover Cleveland High School was a high school located in Buffalo, New York. It is named for former U.S. President and Buffalo mayor Grover Cleveland and generally housed students from Grades 9 - 12, teaching according to the Board of Regents. Currently, the","psg_id":"16101837"},{"title":"Rose Cleveland","text":"Rose Cleveland Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918), was acting First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first of her brother, President Grover Cleveland's two administrations. The president was a bachelor until he married Francis Folsom on June 2, 1886, fourteen months into his first term. Rose Elizabeth Cleveland was born in Fayetteville, New York, on June 14, 1846. Known to her family as \"Libby\", Rose was the youngest of nine children born to Richard Falley Cleveland and Ann Neal Cleveland. In September 1853, the family moved to Holland Patent, New","psg_id":"6712140"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Alexander","text":"year of the Hall. Alexander was the only player elected that year. During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team. The team's tour was managed by J. L. Wilkinson and often played against the Kansas City Monarchs. Alexander played with and against many of the Negro League stars of the day, including Satchel Paige, John Donaldson, Newt Joseph, Chet Brewer, and Andy Cooper. Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just \"Grover\". He was also sometimes called","psg_id":"2254606"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"in the Congo. Cleveland's military policy emphasized self-defense and modernization. In 1885 Cleveland appointed the Board of Fortifications under Secretary of War William C. Endicott to recommend a new coastal fortification system for the United States. No improvements to US coastal defenses had been made since the late 1870s. The Board's 1886 report recommended a massive $127 million construction program (equivalent to $ billion in ) at 29 harbors and river estuaries, to include new breech-loading rifled guns, mortars, and naval minefields. The Board and the program are usually called the Endicott Board and the Endicott Program. Most of the","psg_id":"158954"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"her mother's permission to correspond with her, and they were soon engaged to be married. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the Blue Room at the White House. He was the second president to wed while in office, and has been the only president married in the White House. This marriage was unusual, since Cleveland was the executor of Oscar Folsom's estate and had supervised Frances's upbringing after her father's death; nevertheless, the public took no exception to the match. At 21 years, Frances Folsom Cleveland was the youngest First Lady in history, and the public soon","psg_id":"158962"},{"title":"Grover (given name)","text":"births in the United States between November 1883 and November 1884 (the month when Cleveland won his first presidential election), and spiked again after he won the 1892 election. The name later declined in popularity, and was last one of the top one thousand names in the United States in the 1970s. One notable modern usage is for Grover the Muppet on the television show \"Sesame Street\". Grover (given name) Grover is a masculine given name. Grover first became popular as a given name in the United States during the presidencies of Grover Cleveland, in part of a long-standing American","psg_id":"19919790"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)","text":"renovated in 1959, where an addition was built onto the northern end of the school that contained classrooms, a swimming pool, and a new gymnasium. During the 1970s, Grover was designated as the school to serve foreign language-speaking students within the City of Buffalo. In 2007, the building began housing two schools, Grover Cleveland High School, and the International Preparatory School, a math and science magnet affiliated with the College Board. In 2010, Grover Cleveland High School was closed to new due to low graduation rates and increasing incidents of student violence and possession of weapons. The final class of","psg_id":"16101836"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign","text":"incumbent Stalwart U.S. President Chester A. Arthur's attempt at renomination. In Arthur's place, Blaine himself was nominated as the Republican Party candidate for President in 1884. Meanwhile, U.S. Senator and former general John A. Logan was selected as Blaine's running mate after Robert Todd Lincoln withdrew his name from consideration. 1876 Democratic candidate and former New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden was initially the 1884 front-runner for the Democrats. Due to his poor health, however, Tilden withdrew his name from consideration for the 1884 Democratic nomination. After Tilden's withdrawal, then-current New York Governor and former Buffalo Mayor Grover Cleveland (known","psg_id":"20347981"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Alexander","text":"1916 [a single-season record 16], 1917, 1919, 1921). He won pitching's Triple Crown in 1915, 1916, and 1920, and is sometimes credited with a fourth in 1917. In 1915, he was instrumental in leading the Phillies to their first pennant, and he pitched a record five one-hitters. Along the way Alexander began to have problems with alcohol, a struggle that would plague him the rest of his life. After the 1917 season, the Phillies traded Grover Cleveland Alexander and catcher Bill Killefer to the Cubs for catcher Pickles Dillhoefer, pitcher Mike Prendergast, and $60,000. Phillies owner William Baker admitted later,","psg_id":"2254598"},{"title":"Grover (given name)","text":"Grover (given name) Grover is a masculine given name. Grover first became popular as a given name in the United States during the presidencies of Grover Cleveland, in part of a long-standing American trend of naming babies after presidents. Cleveland's official first name was Stephen; he was named after Stephen Grover, a former minister at the church his parents attended. However, from childhood, Cleveland's friends addressed him by his middle name instead, and so what was originally the surname Grover became a given name. According to Social Security Administration data, the name Grover increased in frequency by 850 per 100,000","psg_id":"19919789"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign","text":"by narrowly winning New York (Cleveland's home state) and Indiana (Harrison's home state) (both of which voted for Cleveland in 1884). Cleveland was hurt in New York (which he lost by 1.09%) by Tammany Hall's (and its \"Boss\" Richard Croker's) lukewarm support for him. Cleveland came very close to losing Connecticut, West Virginia, and the ex-Confederate state of Virginia to Harrison as well. Democratic Vice Presidential nominee Thurman's home state of Ohio also narrowly went for Harrison in 1888. Even though Benjamin Harrison won the 1888 U.S. Presidential election, outgoing U.S. President Grover Cleveland would eventually return to political life","psg_id":"17348824"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Alexander","text":"the nickname was in public circulation. On his 1940 Playball baseball card he was referred to as \"Ol' Pete.\" In \"The World Series and Highlights of Baseball\", by Lamont Buchanan, published in 1951, the year after Alexander died, on pp. 106–107 the author refers to \"Pete Alexander\" and \"Ol' Pete\" in a matter-of-fact way, suggesting the nickname was well known. His nickname among family friends in Nebraska was \"Dode.\" \"Grover Cleveland Alexander wasn't drunk out there on the mound, the way people thought. He was an epileptic. Old Pete would fall down with a seizure between innings, then go back","psg_id":"2254608"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"\"Commercial Advertiser\". During this time, Cleveland assumed a lifestyle of simplicity, taking residence in a plain boarding house; Cleveland dedicated his growing income instead to the support of his mother and younger sisters. While his personal quarters were austere, Cleveland enjoyed an active social life and \"the easy-going sociability of hotel-lobbies and saloons.\" He shunned the circles of higher society of Buffalo in which his uncle's family traveled. From his earliest involvement in politics, Cleveland aligned with the Democratic Party. He had a decided aversion to Republicans John Fremont and Abraham Lincoln, and the heads of the Rogers law firm","psg_id":"158922"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"biographer Rexford Tugwell described the time in office as a waste for Cleveland politically. Cleveland was aware of graft in the sheriff's office during his tenure and chose not to confront it. A notable incident of his term took place on September 6, 1872, when Patrick Morrissey was executed, who had been convicted of murdering his mother. As sheriff, Cleveland was responsible for either personally carrying out the execution or paying a deputy $10 to perform the task. In spite of reservations about the hanging, Cleveland executed Morrissey himself; he hanged another murderer, John Gaffney, on February 14, 1873. After","psg_id":"158924"},{"title":"Seattle riot of 1886","text":"Seattle riot of 1886 The Seattle riot of 1886 occurred on February 6–9, 1886, in Seattle, Washington, amidst rising anti-Chinese sentiment caused by intense labor competition and in the context of an ongoing struggle between labor and capital in the Western United States. The dispute arose when a mob affiliated with a local Knights of Labor chapter formed small committees to carry out a forcible expulsion of all Chinese from the city. Violence erupted between the Knights of Labor rioters and federal troops ordered in by President Grover Cleveland. The incident resulted in the removal of over 200 Chinese people","psg_id":"9918570"},{"title":"Richard F. Cleveland","text":"wife, Ellen, died in 1954. He died in Baltimore on January 10, 1974, of chronic pulmonary illness. He is buried at Fowlers Mill Cemetery in Tamworth, New Hampshire. Richard F. Cleveland Richard Folsom \"Dick\" Cleveland (October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974) was an American lawyer and civic leader who spent his career with the law firm of Semmes, Bowen & Semmes. He was the son of President Grover Cleveland. Whittaker Chambers considered him critical to successful outcome of the Hiss Case. Cleveland was born in Princeton, New Jersey, the eldest son of Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President","psg_id":"19865782"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"the White House as a bachelor, and his sister Rose Cleveland acted as hostess for the first two years of his administration. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the Blue Room at the White House. He was the second president to wed while in office, after John Tyler. Though Cleveland had supervised Frances's upbringing after her father's death, the public took no exception to the match. At 21 years, Frances Folsom Cleveland was the youngest First Lady in history, and the public soon warmed to her beauty and warm personality. Soon after taking office, Cleveland was faced","psg_id":"19767985"},{"title":"Oct-1-en-3-one","text":"Oct-1-en-3-one is a ketone analog of the alkene 1-octene. It is also produced by \"Uncinula necator\", a fungus that causes powdery mildew of grape. Oct-1-en-3-one Oct-1-en-3-one (CH=CHC(=O)(CH)CH), also known as 1-octen-3-one, is the odorant that is responsible for the typical \"metallic\" smell of metals and blood coming into contact with skin. Oct-1-en-3-one has a strong metallic mushroom-like odor with an odor detection threshold of 0.03–1.12 µg/m and it is the main compound responsible for the \"smell of metal\", followed by decanal (smell: orange skin, flowery) and nonanal (smell: tallowy, fruity). Oct-1-en-3-one is the degradative reduction product of the chemical reaction","psg_id":"9192297"},{"title":"Grover, North Carolina","text":"War). This portion of history affected local matters. A German bachelor, Grover Cleveland, was ill at ease at first with all the comforts of the White House. \"I must go to dinner,\" he wrote to a friend, \"but I wish it was to eat a pickled herring, a Swiss cheese, and a chop at Louis' instead of the French stuff I shall find.\" He gained advance publicity and coverage as did the town of Grover. A portion of the original plan encompassed renaming the town after the President's first name to attain notice. In June 1886, this predicament would be","psg_id":"1172811"},{"title":"Grover, North Carolina","text":"of Historic Places in 2011. Many other prominent names dominate the makeup of Grover and are listed repeatedly in reference level books of the Cleveland County Library System, families like Herndon, Hambright (Hambrecht), Hamrick, Rountree, Keeter, Graham, Cleaveland, Cleveland, Scruggs, and Goforth. Within the history of Grover - it is often confused with President Grover Cleveland versus Benjamin Cleveland and where the names came from. Although, each Cleveland are related - going back to Amos Cleveland, of Massachusetts and Cleveland, Ohio. Grover is in the process of restoring itself to a town with a 'turn-of-the-century look and feel'. Its train","psg_id":"1172814"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"tariff to protect American industries. American tariffs had been high since the Civil War, and by the 1880s the tariff brought in so much revenue that the government was running a surplus. In 1886, a bill to reduce the tariff was narrowly defeated in the House. The tariff issue was emphasized in the Congressional elections that year, and the forces of protectionism increased their numbers in the Congress, but Cleveland continued to advocate tariff reform. As the surplus grew, Cleveland and the reformers called for a tariff for revenue only. His message to Congress in 1887 (quoted at right) highlighted","psg_id":"158951"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"sedating Cleveland with nitrous oxide and ether, successfully removed parts of his upper left jaw and hard palate. The size of the tumor and the extent of the operation left Cleveland's mouth disfigured. During another surgery, Cleveland was fitted with a hard rubber dental prosthesis that corrected his speech and restored his appearance. A cover story about the removal of two bad teeth kept the suspicious press placated. Even when a newspaper story appeared giving details of the actual operation, the participating surgeons discounted the severity of what transpired during Cleveland's vacation. In 1917, one of the surgeons present on","psg_id":"158992"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign","text":"in a couple of years and challenge Harrison again for the U.S. Presidency in 1892. Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign President of the United States Grover Cleveland's first term (1885-1889) was most notable \"for its record number of vetoes (414), more than double the number issued by all his predecessors combined.\" During Cleveland's first term, controlling Congressional and wasteful spending was an important priority for him and his administration. Cleveland's vetoes (and other moves, such as issuing \"an executive order [which was later rescinded] directing the return of captured Confederate battle standards to their home states\") angered the Grand Army","psg_id":"17348825"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign","text":"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign President of the United States Grover Cleveland's first term (1885-1889) was most notable \"for its record number of vetoes (414), more than double the number issued by all his predecessors combined.\" During Cleveland's first term, controlling Congressional and wasteful spending was an important priority for him and his administration. Cleveland's vetoes (and other moves, such as issuing \"an executive order [which was later rescinded] directing the return of captured Confederate battle standards to their home states\") angered the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), a powerful organization advocating for Union veterans. In his State of","psg_id":"17348818"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign","text":"as \"Grover the Good\") emerged as the front-runner for the Democrats. As Governor, Cleveland was notable for implementing civil service reform in New York as well as for preserving Niagara Falls as a state park. In addition, Cleveland's position on the tariff issue was unclear—thus allowing him to appeal to both high tariff supporters and low tariff supporters. Plus, the fact that he was from a swing state (New York) further strengthened Cleveland's appeal among Democrats. Finally, Cleveland won a lot of support for cutting off the patronage of the corrupt New York City political machine known as Tammany Hall","psg_id":"20347982"},{"title":"Oct-1-en-3-one","text":"Oct-1-en-3-one Oct-1-en-3-one (CH=CHC(=O)(CH)CH), also known as 1-octen-3-one, is the odorant that is responsible for the typical \"metallic\" smell of metals and blood coming into contact with skin. Oct-1-en-3-one has a strong metallic mushroom-like odor with an odor detection threshold of 0.03–1.12 µg/m and it is the main compound responsible for the \"smell of metal\", followed by decanal (smell: orange skin, flowery) and nonanal (smell: tallowy, fruity). Oct-1-en-3-one is the degradative reduction product of the chemical reaction of skin lipid peroxides and Fe. Skin lipid peroxides are formed from skin lipid by oxidation, either enzymatically by lipoxygenases or by air oxygen.","psg_id":"9192296"},{"title":"Richard F. Cleveland","text":"Richard F. Cleveland Richard Folsom \"Dick\" Cleveland (October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974) was an American lawyer and civic leader who spent his career with the law firm of Semmes, Bowen & Semmes. He was the son of President Grover Cleveland. Whittaker Chambers considered him critical to successful outcome of the Hiss Case. Cleveland was born in Princeton, New Jersey, the eldest son of Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and Frances Folsom. He was born nearly eight months after the end of his father's second term, and was named for his grandfather, Richard","psg_id":"19865772"},{"title":"Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song)","text":"Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song) \"Just the Two of Us\" is a 1981 R&B single written by Bill Withers, William Salter and Ralph MacDonald, and recorded by Grover Washington Jr. and Bill Withers. The song originally appeared on Washington's album \"Winelight\" (1980). An edited version reached number 2 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, staying there for three weeks, behind \"Morning Train (9 to 5)\" by Sheena Easton and \"Bette Davis Eyes\" by Kim Carnes. The song won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song. Bill Withers included the edited version on the 1981 compilation \"Bill","psg_id":"10483485"},{"title":"Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song)","text":"sidewalk, and a couple dancing in another room of the apartment. Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song) \"Just the Two of Us\" is a 1981 R&B single written by Bill Withers, William Salter and Ralph MacDonald, and recorded by Grover Washington Jr. and Bill Withers. The song originally appeared on Washington's album \"Winelight\" (1980). An edited version reached number 2 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, staying there for three weeks, behind \"Morning Train (9 to 5)\" by Sheena Easton and \"Bette Davis Eyes\" by Kim Carnes. The song won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song.","psg_id":"10483490"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Park","text":"stream. The park was acquired between 1913 and 1916 and is named after President Grover Cleveland who was born in Caldwell, and was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. The Olmsted Brothers were asked to create a plan for recreation use of most of the park area. By the summer of 1914, development of recreation facilities — including tennis courts, baseball fields, a playground, sand court, wading pool, and a shelter house to service these facilities — was underway, with improvements completed for public use by 1916. Park features include lighted tennis courts, shuffleboard courts, horseshoe pitches,","psg_id":"6360712"},{"title":"Grover, North Carolina","text":"Grover, North Carolina Grover is a town in Cleveland County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 708 at the 2010 census. Grover is classified as a small town where railway and highway routes Interstate 85 and U.S. Highway 29 cross the state line between North Carolina and South Carolina. It was previously named Whitaker and legally was in South Carolina. The name change to Grover in 1885 was in honor of President Grover Cleveland. Gingerbread Row, (Cleveland Avenue - NC Highway 216) has an antique look with many restored homes in beautiful colors. A railroad-dominated town started when the","psg_id":"1172806"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign","text":"tariffs and tariff reform. Cleveland went into the 1888 U.S. Presidential election as the first Democratic Presidential nominee to be re-nominated since Martin Van Buren in 1840, almost half a century earlier. The respected former U.S. Senator Allen G. Thurman (from the electoral vote-rich state of Ohio) was picked as Grover Cleveland's Vice Presidential running mate, since Cleveland's previous Vice President (Thomas A. Hendricks) died three years earlier, in November 1885. The Republican Party nominated former U.S. Senator Benjamin Harrison (from the swing state of Indiana) to run against Cleveland in 1888 after 1884 Republican Presidential nominee James G. Blaine","psg_id":"17348820"},{"title":"Grover Loening","text":"other inductees in the Hall of Fame's portrait gallery within the San Diego Air and Space Museum. He is a 1976 recipient of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution. He died on February 29, 1976, in Coconut Grove, Florida. Grover Loening Grover Cleveland Loening (September 12, 1888 – February 29, 1976) was an American aircraft manufacturer. Loening was born in Bremen, in what was then Imperial Germany, on September 12, 1888, while his American-born father was stationed there as U.S. Consul. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City, where he was awarded the first-ever degree in","psg_id":"8401124"},{"title":"Grover Loening","text":"Grover Loening Grover Cleveland Loening (September 12, 1888 – February 29, 1976) was an American aircraft manufacturer. Loening was born in Bremen, in what was then Imperial Germany, on September 12, 1888, while his American-born father was stationed there as U.S. Consul. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City, where he was awarded the first-ever degree in Aeronautical Engineering. Following graduation, he joined the Queen Aeroplane Company in New York, managed the Wright Company factory in Dayton, Ohio for Orville Wright in 1913 and 1914, published a book, \"Military Airplanes\", and became Vice President of the Sturtevant Aeroplane","psg_id":"8401121"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"were widely denounced. Cleveland, however, saw the bill as unjust—Gould had taken over the railroads when they were failing and had made the system solvent again. Moreover, Cleveland believed that altering Gould's franchise would violate the Contract Clause of the federal Constitution. Despite the initial popularity of the fare-reduction bill, the newspapers praised Cleveland's veto. Theodore Roosevelt, then a member of the Assembly, had reluctantly voted for the bill to which Cleveland objected, in a desire to punish the unscrupulous railroad barons. After the veto, Roosevelt reversed himself, as did many legislators, and the veto was sustained. Cleveland's defiance of","psg_id":"158932"},{"title":"Grover, Utah","text":"distances among homes. In the early 1890s the growing town was granted a post office, and the name was changed to \"Grover\" in honor of U.S. President Grover Cleveland. The Grover Irrigation Company organized in 1893 to build and manage structures for drawing and distributing water from Fish Creek Lake. The first school classes were held in the winter of 1892–1893, and the first log school/church/community building was built about 1900. In 1935, a new school building was built in Grover. A stuccoed log one-room school, the Grover School was built with funds and labor provided mainly by the Works","psg_id":"15145193"},{"title":"Grover, North Carolina","text":"Frederick Hambright (Hambrecht). Grover also hosts a former White House Chef and manager of the Presidential resort and conference center Camp David, Martin CJ Mongiello, who lives there . Grover is a part of Cleveland County, North Carolina. The county is named after Colonel Benjamin Cleveland (Cleaveland - Thorkil de Cleveland of Cleveland County York, England in the year 1066) - of the King's Mountain battle - a companion of Colonel Frederick Hambright (with his son John by his side) during the Revolutionary War. Grover holds as many North Carolina Official Historical Markers as the county seat of Shelby. It","psg_id":"1172809"},{"title":"Cleveland, Oklahoma","text":"Cleveland, Oklahoma Cleveland is a city in Pawnee County, Oklahoma. The 2010 census population was 3,251, a decrease of 0.9 percent from 3,282 at the 2000 census. After the Cherokee Outlet opening, a homesteader by the name of Willis H. Herbert established a town named Herbert by opening a post office on the current townsite of Cleveland on October 28, 1893. The Post Office department subsequently withdrew the approval of the Herbert post office. The post office was then moved 100 feet, and reestablished under the name Cleveland, named in honor of then President Grover Cleveland on April 19, 1894.","psg_id":"1193579"},{"title":"James Grover McDonald","text":"James Grover McDonald James Grover McDonald (November 29, 1886 – September 25, 1964) was a United States diplomat. He served as the first U.S. Ambassador to Israel. McDonald was born in Coldwater, Ohio on November 29, 1886. His parents operated a hotel, and later relocated to Albany, Indiana to operate a second one. McDonald received his bachelor's degree from Indiana University (IU) in 1909, and completed a master's degree in History, Political Science and International Relations at IU in 1910. He was selected for a teaching fellowship in history at Harvard University, and remained there until his returning to Indiana","psg_id":"9476621"},{"title":"The Big Us","text":"The Big Us The Big Us was a radical underground newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio starting in September, 1968, appearing biweekly in tabloid format. Its politics reflected the views of SDS. Editors were Carol Cohen McEldowney, a 25-year-old SDS organizer and Cleveland welfare caseworker, and Carole Close, an antiwar activist. The paper's headquarters were in a church coffeehouse/youth center called The Outpost, near the Case Western Reserve University campus. McEldowney left in May 1969 to work in an antiwar GI coffeehouse in South Carolina. Starting with the issue of Oct. 14, 1969 (vol. 3, no. 2) the paper changed its","psg_id":"15007377"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland Golf Course","text":"York. When the Club moved to its present location in Amherst, the existing site was renamed Grover Cleveland Park to honor the former Mayor of Buffalo, Governor of New York, and President of the United States. It was at this time, that the Main St. property was rezoned from being part of Amherst, NY to becoming part of Buffalo, NY. The present course has hosted the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1931, the Curtis Cup in 1950, the Carling Cup Matches in 1960, and the National Junior Girls Championship in 1962. The transported Country Club of Buffalo, located in the Town","psg_id":"12107006"},{"title":"Rose Cleveland","text":"as we touch humanity in the individual. We make the world a better place through our concrete relationships, not through our vague, general good will. We must each find a true partner someone who understands and appreciates us, someone whose faith in us brings out our best efforts. Our deepest craving is for recognition--to be known by another human being for what we truly are.\" When her elder brother, Grover Cleveland, became the 22nd President of the United States in March 1885, Rose assumed the duties of First Lady and lived in the White House for two years. She stood","psg_id":"6712144"},{"title":"Francis Cleveland","text":"predeceased by his wife in 1992. Cleveland died on November 8, 1995 in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, at age 92. Francis Cleveland Francis Grover Cleveland (c. 1903 - November 8, 1995) was an American stage actor, director and producer. He was the co-founder of the Barnstormers Theatre, a theatre company in Tamworth, New Hampshire. His parents were President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom. Cleveland was born circa 1903 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. His father, Grover Cleveland, was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; his mother, Frances Folsom, was First Lady. He had a brother, Richard, and","psg_id":"20969680"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"the 1888 election, Cleveland returned to New York, where he resumed his legal career. Cleveland established himself as a contender for the 1892 nomination with his February 1891 \"Silver Letter,\" in which he deplored the rising strength of the Free Silver movement in the Democratic Party. Cleveland's chief opponent for the nomination was David B. Hill, now a Senator for New York. Hill united the anti-Cleveland elements of the Democratic party—silverites, protectionists, and Tammany Hall—but was unable to create a coalition large enough to deny Cleveland the nomination, and Cleveland was nominated on the first ballot of the convention. For","psg_id":"19768013"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"Cleveland had campaigned against the Lodge Bill, which would have strengthened voting rights protections through the appointing of federal supervisors of congressional elections upon a petition from the citizens of any district. The Enforcement Act of 1871 had provided for a detailed federal overseeing of the electoral process, from registration to the certification of returns. Cleveland succeeded in ushering in the 1894 repeal of this law (ch. 25, 28 Stat. 36). The pendulum thus swung from stronger attempts to protect voting rights to the repealing of voting rights protections; this in turn led to unsuccessful attempts to have the federal","psg_id":"158979"},{"title":"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston","text":"Cleveland, her first husband. Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. Becoming First Lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president. Frances Clara Folsom was born in Buffalo, New York, the daughter of Oscar Folsom, who was a lawyer and descendant of the earliest European settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Emma Harmon. All of Frances Cleveland's","psg_id":"2470879"},{"title":"Thomas Grover","text":"Thomas Grover Thomas Grover (July 22, 1807 – February 20, 1886) was an early leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was a polygamist, a Utah politician, and a Mormon pioneer. Grover was born to Thomas Grover and Polly Spaulding in Whitehall, New York. At age 12, he worked as a cabin boy on the Erie Canal, where he would eventually become a captain. He married his first wife Caroline Whiting in 1828 and became a Methodist preacher. In 1834, Grover joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. After joining the church, he and","psg_id":"13924066"},{"title":"Grover, North Carolina","text":"fixed for Grover. President Cleveland married 21-year-old Frances Folsom; he was the only President ever married in the White House. This historic event and the ensuing honeymoon took on news attention. The name change of Grover's county took on epic proportions shortly after this event. The town, White House and county historically affected each other in an unpredicted manner. In 1887, Cleaveland County held a referendum and vote to change its name to the more popular spelling of, \"Cleveland\". The latest, mistaken report of this (verified July 2008) with a letter delivered by the US Postal Service, from the White","psg_id":"1172812"},{"title":"Ruth Cleveland","text":"lived parallel lives in which it has been widely assumed that the latter was named for the former. The confection's creator, the Curtiss Candy Company, never admitted to what looks like an obvious connection – especially since Ruth hit 54 home runs the year before the first Baby Ruth was devoured. Had it done so, Curtiss would have had to compensate Ruth. Instead, it eventually insisted the inspiration was \"Baby Ruth\" Cleveland, the daughter of President Grover Cleveland. But it is an odd connection that makes one wonder at the marketing savvy of Otto Schnering, the company's founder.\" Ruth Cleveland","psg_id":"3980926"},{"title":"Grover","text":"singing telegram artist. One sketch parodied the ABC television series \"\" in a segment where Grover began remodeling Mr. Johnson's home despite his express wishes. In another one, Mr. Johnson is the only patron, and Grover is the only actor, for a production of \"Spider-Monster: The Musical\", a parody of the musical \"\". The play is, of course, a complete calamity and finally comes crashing down on both of them. Grover also has an instructional persona who wears a cape and gown to provide educational context for simple, everyday things. His lessons are often wrong, leaving himself open to correction","psg_id":"1772462"},{"title":"Grover C. Stephens","text":"Grover C. Stephens Grover Cleveland Stephens (January 12, 1925 – June 17, 2003), born in Oak Park, Illinois, was a marine biologist and comparative physiologist at the University of Minnesota and the University of California, Irvine. Stephens was born 12 Jan 1925 in Oak Park to Grover C. and Celene Madeleine (Seibert) Stephens, and grew up in Cicero, Illinois. He entered military service on 13 Nov 1943 and trained at the Great Lakes Naval Station. After one year of engineering training at Purdue University and Princeton University, he was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Navy in the spring","psg_id":"13162069"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"practices such as \"discrimination,\" in which the railroads charged different rates to different clients. Though often critical of the business practices of railroad magnates like Jay Gould, Cleveland was generally reluctant to involve the federal government in regulatory matters. Despite this reluctance, after the Supreme Court's holding in the 1886 case of \"Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois\" severely limited the power of states to regulate interstate commerce, Cleveland assented to legislation providing for federal oversight of railroads. In 1887, he signed the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), a five-member","psg_id":"19767990"},{"title":"Grover Cleveland","text":"again, but he declined to be nominated. Instead, Cleveland nominated Rufus Wheeler Peckham, the brother of Wheeler Hazard Peckham, and the Senate confirmed the second Peckham easily. No new states were admitted to the Union during Cleveland's first term. On February 22, 1889, days before leaving office, the 50th Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1889, authorizing North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington to form state governments and to gain admission to the Union. All four officially became states in November 1889, during the first year of Benjamin Harrison's administration. During his second term, the 53rd United States Congress","psg_id":"158996"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"Secretary Manning tried to reduce the amount of silver that the government was required to coin under the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. Cleveland also unsuccessfully appealed to Congress to repeal this law before he was inaugurated. In reply, one of the foremost silverites, Richard P. Bland, introduced a bill in 1886 that would require the government to coin unlimited amounts of silver, inflating the then-deflating currency. While Bland's bill was defeated, so was a bill the administration favored that would repeal any silver coinage requirement. The result was a retention of the status quo, and a postponement of the resolution","psg_id":"19767995"},{"title":"Grover, Wyoming","text":"Grover, Wyoming Grover is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 147 at the 2010 census. The first settlement at Grover was made in 1885. A post office called Grover has been in operation since 1889. The community was named after Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Grover is located at (42.793051, -110.931862). It located in Star Valley, a grassland valley surrounded by forested mountains. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.2 km²), all of it land. As of","psg_id":"1260038"},{"title":"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston","text":"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. Becoming First Lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president. Frances Clara Folsom was born in Buffalo, New York, the daughter of Oscar Folsom, who was a lawyer and descendant of the earliest European settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Emma Harmon. All of Frances Cleveland's ancestors were from England","psg_id":"2470870"},{"title":"Ravi Grover","text":"issues related to India's electricity needs and have been highlighting the importance of nuclear energy. He has worked on details of India's regime on civil liability for nuclear damage and is credited with explaining fine detail regarding Supplier's liability. Ravi Grover is one half of the Kakodkar-Grover duo who are chiefly responsible for the success of the Indo-US negotiations that culminated in the 123 agreement signed in July 2007. Anil Kakodkar and Ravi Grover were the technical advisors to India's politicians in the tense negotiations that led to the Indo-US nuclear agreement, a culmination of two years of painstaking negotiations.","psg_id":"5495988"},{"title":"Francis Cleveland","text":"Francis Cleveland Francis Grover Cleveland (c. 1903 - November 8, 1995) was an American stage actor, director and producer. He was the co-founder of the Barnstormers Theatre, a theatre company in Tamworth, New Hampshire. His parents were President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom. Cleveland was born circa 1903 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. His father, Grover Cleveland, was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; his mother, Frances Folsom, was First Lady. He had a brother, Richard, and three sisters, including Ruth and Esther Cleveland was educated at the Phillips Exeter Academy. He graduated from Harvard University.","psg_id":"20969678"},{"title":"Thomas Grover","text":"area that is now Centerville and Farmington. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature and a Probate Judge in Davis County, Utah. Thomas Grover Thomas Grover (July 22, 1807 – February 20, 1886) was an early leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was a polygamist, a Utah politician, and a Mormon pioneer. Grover was born to Thomas Grover and Polly Spaulding in Whitehall, New York. At age 12, he worked as a cabin boy on the Erie Canal, where he would eventually become a captain. He married his first wife Caroline Whiting in 1828","psg_id":"13924069"},{"title":"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland","text":"Washington to draft constitutions and form state governments and to request admission to the Union. All four did, and each officially became states in November 1889, during the first year of Benjamin Harrison's administration. Midway through his second term, July 16, 1894, the 53rd United States Congress passed an act that permitted Utah to form a constitution and state government, and to apply for statehood. On January 4, 1896, Cleveland proclaimed Utah a state on an equal footing with the other states of the Union. According to historian Henry Graff, Cleveland reasserted the power of the executive branch, but his","psg_id":"19768054"},{"title":"May Day riots of 1894","text":"General Strike in Chicago, Illinois, an unknown person threw a bomb into the crowd, prompting police to fire into the crowd, killing civilians and police alike. The same day in 1890, Raymond Lavigne called for international demonstrations to commemorate the day. In 1894 the Pullman Strike in Illinois, as well as this series of unemployed workers' riots on May Day in Cleveland, prompted U.S. President Grover Cleveland to propose a bill that would make a Labor Day a national public holiday. After the Haymarket Square riot in May, 1886, US President Grover Cleveland feared that commemorating Labor Day on May","psg_id":"6971519"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Birthplace\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Birthplace The Grover Cleveland Birthplace is a registered historic site located in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is the only house museum dedicated to U.S. President Grover Cleveland. It was the home where Grover Cleveland was born in 1837. The building is also known as the Caldwell Presbyterian Church Manse and served as a Presbyterian church parsonage for the Cleveland family while Grover's father, Rev. Richard Falley Cleveland, served as a pastor of the local church. Cleveland was originally named Stephen Grover in honor of the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Caldwell,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13969209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Birthplace\",\n \"text\": \"but he did not use the name \\\"Stephen\\\" in his adult life. The family moved to New York in 1841. A group of private citizens purchased the house in the early twentieth century to open it as a museum. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. Grover Cleveland Birthplace The Grover Cleveland Birthplace is a registered historic site located in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is the only house museum dedicated to U.S. President Grover Cleveland. It was the home where Grover Cleveland was born in 1837. The building is also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13969210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"sought a summer house to escape the heat and smells of Washington, D.C., near enough the capital. He secretly bought a farmhouse, Oak View (or Oak Hill), in a rural upland part of the District of Columbia, in 1886, and remodeled it into a Queen Anne style summer estate. He sold Oak View upon losing his bid for re-election in 1888. Not long thereafter, suburban residential development reached the area, which came to be known as Oak View, and then Cleveland Heights, and eventually Cleveland Park. The Clevelands are depicted in local murals. Grover Cleveland Hall at Buffalo State College\",\n \"psg_id\": \"159001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign The 1884 election was the first Presidential campaign in which Grover Cleveland participated and the first of two nonconsecutive terms that he won. This election pitted Grover Cleveland against James G. Blaine and the campaign for this election centered on corruption, civil service reforms, and scandals. In this election, Cleveland portrayed himself as the clean and honest candidate in contrast to the corrupt James G. Blaine. In the years leading up to 1884, the Republican Party was divided into two factions—the Stalwarts and the Reformers. In 1884, Reformer James G. Blaine was able to defeat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20347980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign After losing re-election to Republican Benjamin Harrison in 1888 and leaving office in 1889, U.S. President Grover Cleveland was initially satisfied with his return to private life. However, Cleveland's views about his retirement began to change at the time of the 1890 midterm elections, in which the Democrats won huge victories at the ballot box. In addition, Cleveland disliked what he perceived to be the frequent blunders of the Harrison administration. By the time 1891 ended, Grover Cleveland decided to re-enter American political life and run again for U.S. President in the 1892 U.S. Presidential\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17251655\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Alexander Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed \\\"Old Pete\\\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Cardinals. He was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938. Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of thirteen children. He played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month. In 1909 he played for the Galesburg Boosters in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2254595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933. Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Coin Act of 2005. In 2013, Cleveland was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Scholarly studies Primary sources Official Letters and Speeches Media coverage Other Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era\",\n \"psg_id\": \"159004\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland The presidencies of Grover Cleveland lasted from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889, and from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1897. The first Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland is the only President of the United States to leave office after one term and later return for a second term. His presidencies were the nation's 22nd and 24th. Cleveland defeated James G. Blaine of Maine in 1884, lost to Benjamin Harrison of Indiana in 1888, and then defeated President Harrison in 1892. Cleveland won the 1884 election with the support of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19767974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"in Buffalo, New York. Cleveland Hall houses the offices of the college president, vice presidents, and other administrative functions and student services. Cleveland was a member of the first board of directors of the then Buffalo Normal School. Grover Cleveland Middle School in his birthplace, Caldwell, New Jersey, was named for him, as is Grover Cleveland High School in Buffalo, New York, and the town of Cleveland, Mississippi. Mount Cleveland, a volcano in Alaska, is also named after him. In 1895 he became the first U.S. President who was filmed. The first U.S. postage stamp to honor Cleveland appeared in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"159002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, North Carolina\",\n \"text\": \"House Historical Society to The Inn of the Patriots, 301 Cleveland Avenue, Grover Cleveland, NC 28073. No such town exists in America. Cleveland Avenue (Route 226) runs through Grover - parallel to Main Street. Many Hambright's (Hambrecht's), Hamrick's and Herndon's lived on Cleveland Avenue. Today, the Shiloh Presbyterian Church (built in 1905) remains next to Doctor Alfred Hambright's (Hambrecht) home that was built after the Civil War. A statue was dedicated to Colonel Frederick Hambright (Hambrecht Prussian family) and US Marine Corporal, Clyde Furman Horton on July 1, 2008. The Shiloh Presbyterian Church Cemetery was listed on the National Register\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1172813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"term, public perception showed him to be one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents, and he was by then rejected even by most Democrats. Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the upper-mid tier of American presidents. Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, to Ann (née Neal) and Richard Falley Cleveland. Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut. His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller. On his father's side, Cleveland was descended from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"was used in promotional films for IBM.\\\" In an appearance on \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show\\\" on May 31, 1970, the character acquired his present name and his appearance was changed to the more familiar puppet with blue fur and a pink nose. In this appearance, Kermit the Frog tried to sing \\\"What Kind of Fool Am I?\\\" (accompanying himself on piano), but Grover repeatedly interrupted him. The true Grover \\\"officially\\\" debuted in the second season of \\\"Sesame Street\\\". One of the more frequent sketch segments featuring Grover involves him taking a series of customer service jobs. One of his customers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1772459\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll Grover Cleveland Bergdoll (October 18, 1893 – January 27, 1966) was an early aviator, racing driver and World War I draft dodger, who went to Germany to avoid service. He was born in Philadelphia to a wealthy brewing family. He was one of 119 people to train at the Wright Flying School, and in 1912 he purchased a Wright Model B biplane for $5,000. Bergdoll made several public flights from an airfield on family-owned land outside Philadelphia, and was the first person to fly an airplane between Philadelphia and Atlantic City, New Jersey. After 748 flights the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8871001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Bergdoll Grover Cleveland Bergdoll (October 18, 1893 – January 27, 1966) was an early aviator, racing driver and World War I draft dodger, who went to Germany to avoid service. He was born in Philadelphia to a wealthy brewing family. He was one of 119 people to train at the Wright Flying School, and in 1912 he purchased a Wright Model B biplane for $5,000. Bergdoll made several public flights from an airfield on family-owned land outside Philadelphia, and was the first person to fly an airplane between Philadelphia and Atlantic City, New Jersey. After 748 flights the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8870994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"St. John took some votes in New York from Blaine. After the election, Blaine attributed his loss in New York to the bad weather as well as to Samuel Burchard's gaffe; without these factors, Blaine believed that he would have won New York by 10,000 votes (and thus won the U.S. Presidency). Overall, 1884 was the first time in 28 years—specifically since before the American Civil War—that the Democrats won an election for the U.S. Presidency. Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign The 1884 election was the first Presidential campaign in which Grover Cleveland participated and the first of two nonconsecutive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20347988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"eight greatest president in U.S. history, but his standing in polls of historians and political scientists has declined since 1948. A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association's Presidents and Executive Politics section ranked Cleveland as the 24th best president. A 2017 C-Span poll of historians ranked Cleveland as the 23rd best president. Official Letters and Speeches Media coverage Other Presidencies of Grover Cleveland The presidencies of Grover Cleveland lasted from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889, and from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1897. The first Democrat elected after the Civil War, Grover Cleveland is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19768057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"by the team in 2001 to honor his career with them. Alexander is mentioned in the \\\"Leave It to Beaver\\\" third-season episode \\\"Ward's Baseball\\\" in which Ward has a baseball with several autographs and Alexander's is one of them. Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem \\\"Line-Up for Yesterday\\\" by Ogden Nash: , or Retrosheet, or SABR Biography Project, or The Deadball Era Grover Cleveland Alexander Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed \\\"Old Pete\\\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2254610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Whalen\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Whalen Grover Aloysius Whalen (1886–1962) was a prominent politician, businessman, and public relations guru in New York City during the 1930s and 1940s. Whalen was born on July 2, 1886 in New York City. Whalen was the son of an Irish immigrant father and a French-Canadian mother, who named their son after President Grover Cleveland, who was married on the same day that their child was born. His father, Michael Whalen, was a successful trucking contractor and a Tammany Hall supporter. Grover Whalen attended DeWitt Clinton High School and afterwards studied law. He then joined the staff of John\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2695073\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Park\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Park Grover Cleveland Park, the seventh-largest park in the Essex County, New Jersey, USA, county-park system, is a heavily wooded park covering in the western section of Essex County along the Caldwell-Essex Fells border. The park was conceived with a formal design with manicured lawns, well-spaced large trees, and of waterways, including Pine Brook Creek, which runs through the park feeding a small pond at the lower end. A small footbridge at the far end of the pond was the location of a one-time sawmill. Several foot bridges connect the two areas of the park divided by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6360711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Golf Course\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland Golf Course The Grover Cleveland Golf Course is a historic golf course located in Buffalo, New York that hosted the 1912 U.S. Open that was founded as The Country Club of Buffalo. It is one of two courses owned by Erie County. The golf course is located at 3781 Main Street. The 18-hole course is (from the back tees) and is a par 69. It has a course rating of 65.5 and a slope rating of 102. The course was founded as The Country Club of Buffalo on February 11, 1889 and was originally located at the intersection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12107002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"reluctantly support Cleveland in 1892, which might have helped Cleveland narrowly win his home state of New York. Grover Cleveland won the general election by the largest popular vote margin (three percent) in twenty years. In addition, Cleveland won almost two thirds of the Electoral College vote, winning all of the states that he won in 1884 in addition to Illinois, Wisconsin, and California. Due to winning in 1892, Grover Cleveland became the first (and only, even to this day) ex-U.S. President to be elected U.S. President again. Grover Cleveland 1892 presidential campaign After losing re-election to Republican Benjamin Harrison\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17251661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover C. Winn\",\n \"text\": \"Grover C. Winn Grover Cleveland \\\"Ki\\\" Winn (January 3, 1886 – May 18, 1943) was an American lawyer, who served as speaker of the Alaska Territorial House of Representatives. Winn was born Grover Cleveland Winn in Wiota, Wisconsin in 1886. He received his law degree in 1910 from the University of Washington School of Law and practiced law in Juneau, Alaska. He also served of the Juneau School Board. His son, William, became a noted art dealer and critic in Juneau, Alaska. Winn died in 1943. Winn was a member of the Alaska Territorial House of Representatives from 1929 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16052624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover C. Winn\",\n \"text\": \"1932, serving as speaker from 1931 to 1932. He was a Republican. Grover C. Winn Grover Cleveland \\\"Ki\\\" Winn (January 3, 1886 – May 18, 1943) was an American lawyer, who served as speaker of the Alaska Territorial House of Representatives. Winn was born Grover Cleveland Winn in Wiota, Wisconsin in 1886. He received his law degree in 1910 from the University of Washington School of Law and practiced law in Juneau, Alaska. He also served of the Juneau School Board. His son, William, became a noted art dealer and critic in Juneau, Alaska. Winn died in 1943. Winn was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16052625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"English ancestors, the first of the family having emigrated to Massachusetts from Cleveland, England in 1635. His father's maternal grandfather, Richard Falley Jr., fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and was the son of an immigrant from Guernsey. On his mother's side, Cleveland was descended from Anglo-Irish Protestants and German Quakers from Philadelphia. Cleveland was distantly related to General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was named. Cleveland, the fifth of nine children, was named Stephen Grover in honor of the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Caldwell, where his father was pastor at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158916\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"First inauguration of Grover Cleveland The first inauguration of Grover Cleveland as the 22nd President of the United States was held on Wednesday, March 4, 1885, at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Grover Cleveland as President and the only term of Thomas A. Hendricks as Vice President. Hendricks died days into this term, and the office remained vacant for the balance of it. (Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, no constitutional provision existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12951683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"the time. He became known as Grover in his adult life. In 1841, the Cleveland family moved to Fayetteville, New York, where Grover spent much of his childhood. Neighbors later described him as \\\"full of fun and inclined to play pranks,\\\" and fond of outdoor sports. In 1850, Cleveland's father moved to Clinton, Oneida County, New York, to work as district secretary for the American Home Missionary Society. Despite his father's dedication to his missionary work, the income was insufficient for the large family. Financial conditions forced him to remove Grover from school into a two-year mercantile apprenticeship in Fayetteville.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York) Grover Cleveland High School was a high school located in Buffalo, New York. It is named for former U.S. President and Buffalo mayor Grover Cleveland and generally housed students from Grades 9 - 12, teaching according to the Board of Regents. Currently, the school building houses The International Preparatory School. Grover Cleveland High School was originally constructed in 1913 as the home to Buffalo State College, then known as Buffalo Teacher's School. In 1931, Grover Cleveland High School was formed as a school serving the Lower West Side of Buffalo. The building was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16101835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"The experience was valuable and brief, and the living conditions quite austere. Grover returned to Clinton and his schooling at the completion of the apprentice contract. In 1853, when missionary work began to take a toll on his health, Cleveland's father took an assignment in Holland Patent, New York (near Utica) and the family moved again. Shortly after, he died from a gastric ulcer, with Grover reputedly hearing of his father's death from a boy selling newspapers. Cleveland received his elementary education at the Fayetteville Academy and the Clinton Liberal Academy. After his father died in 1853, he again left\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"warmed to her beauty and warm personality. The Clevelands had five children: Ruth (1891–1904), Esther (1893–1980), Marion (1895–1977), Richard (1897–1974), and Francis Grover (1903–1995). British philosopher Philippa Foot was their granddaughter. Cleveland also claimed paternity of an additional child named Oscar Folsom Cleveland with Maria Croft Halpin who claimed the child was a product of rape. During his first term, Cleveland successfully nominated two justices to the Supreme Court of the United States. The first, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, was a former Mississippi Senator who served in Cleveland's Cabinet as Interior Secretary. When William Burnham Woods died, Cleveland nominated Lamar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158963\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Park\",\n \"text\": \"fieldhouse, baseball field, summer concert activities, playground, fishing, jogging walkways, picnic grove, and ice skating. Grover Cleveland Park Grover Cleveland Park, the seventh-largest park in the Essex County, New Jersey, USA, county-park system, is a heavily wooded park covering in the western section of Essex County along the Caldwell-Essex Fells border. The park was conceived with a formal design with manicured lawns, well-spaced large trees, and of waterways, including Pine Brook Creek, which runs through the park feeding a small pond at the lower end. A small footbridge at the far end of the pond was the location of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6360713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Let Us Go Back to the Old Landmark\",\n \"text\": \"song to Adeline Brunner (as A.M. or A.H. Brunner). It is featured in the 1980 film \\\"The Blues Brothers\\\", where it is performed by James Brown with the Rev. James Cleveland Choir. It also appears on the film's soundtrack album. Let Us Go Back to the Old Landmark \\\"Let Us Go Back to the Old Landmark\\\", also known as \\\"The Old Landmark\\\", is a gospel song. Sometimes credited as \\\"traditional\\\", it was written by W. Herbert Brewster and published in 1949 in an arrangement by Virginia Davis. It was recorded by Brewster's own group, the Brewster Singers, and by many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17114062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Golf Course\",\n \"text\": \"of Amherst is a (from the back tees), par 72 Donald J. Ross, ASGCA designed golf course also opened in 1926. The course rating is 71.8 and it has a slope rating of 127 on Bent grass. Timothy P. Minahan, CCM manages the course as the General Manager. The clubhouse, which overlooks the eighteenth green, was designed by Duane Lyman and opened in 1927. Grover Cleveland Golf Course The Grover Cleveland Golf Course is a historic golf course located in Buffalo, New York that hosted the 1912 U.S. Open that was founded as The Country Club of Buffalo. It is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12107007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"vice presidency.) Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite administered the presidential oath of office, and Cleveland held a Bible given to him at age 15 by his mother as he recited it. Cleveland's second inauguration took place eight years after the first, as his two terms in office were not consecutive. He is the only U.S. president to serve non-consecutive terms. First inauguration of Grover Cleveland The first inauguration of Grover Cleveland as the 22nd President of the United States was held on Wednesday, March 4, 1885, at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12951684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cleveland High School (Seattle)\",\n \"text\": \"Cleveland High School (Seattle) Cleveland High School, also known as Grover Cleveland High School, is a public secondary school located in Seattle, Washington. It is operated as part of the Seattle Public Schools system and serves the Beacon Hill and Georgetown neighborhoods. The school was established in 1927 and named for President Grover Cleveland, and its building is a designated city landmark. The then-independent city of Georgetown established a high school in 1903, with one class graduating from the facility at the Mueller School annex. Beginning in 1905, Georgetown and south Seattle students were moved to high schools across the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7741114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston\",\n \"text\": \"In honor of Frances Cleveland, Cleveland Hall was constructed in 1911 on the Wells College campus. Originally a library, the building currently holds foreign language classes. Frances Folsom, who was 21 years old, married President Grover Cleveland, age 49, on June 2, 1886, at the White House. This was the only time a president married in the Executive Mansion, and Frances was the only First Lady to marry in the White House. Their age difference of 28 years is the second largest of any presidential marriage (behind that of President John Tyler, whose second wife, Julia Gardiner Tyler, was thirty\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2470873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"to Free Silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, \\\"[I]n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not.\\\" By the end of his second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"there is not, and never was, a doubt as to the paternity of our child, and the attempt of Grover Cleveland, or his friends, to couple the name of Oscar Folsom, or any one else, with that boy, for that purpose is simply infamous and false.\\\" The electoral votes of closely contested New York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Connecticut would determine the election. In New York, the Tammany Democrats decided that they would gain more from supporting a Democrat they disliked than a Republican who would do nothing for them. Blaine hoped that he would have more support from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)\",\n \"text\": \"seniors graduated in 2011. From 2011 until June 2013, the building was renovated and re-opened to students at International Preparatory School and the new STAR Academy in Fall 2013. \\\"Previous assignment and reasons for departure listed in parentheses\\\" \\\"Previous assignment and reasons for departure listed in parentheses\\\" <nowiki>*</nowiki>Denotes interim appointment Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York) Grover Cleveland High School was a high school located in Buffalo, New York. It is named for former U.S. President and Buffalo mayor Grover Cleveland and generally housed students from Grades 9 - 12, teaching according to the Board of Regents. Currently, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16101837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Rose Cleveland Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918), was acting First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first of her brother, President Grover Cleveland's two administrations. The president was a bachelor until he married Francis Folsom on June 2, 1886, fourteen months into his first term. Rose Elizabeth Cleveland was born in Fayetteville, New York, on June 14, 1846. Known to her family as \\\"Libby\\\", Rose was the youngest of nine children born to Richard Falley Cleveland and Ann Neal Cleveland. In September 1853, the family moved to Holland Patent, New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6712140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"year of the Hall. Alexander was the only player elected that year. During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team. The team's tour was managed by J. L. Wilkinson and often played against the Kansas City Monarchs. Alexander played with and against many of the Negro League stars of the day, including Satchel Paige, John Donaldson, Newt Joseph, Chet Brewer, and Andy Cooper. Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just \\\"Grover\\\". He was also sometimes called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2254606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"in the Congo. Cleveland's military policy emphasized self-defense and modernization. In 1885 Cleveland appointed the Board of Fortifications under Secretary of War William C. Endicott to recommend a new coastal fortification system for the United States. No improvements to US coastal defenses had been made since the late 1870s. The Board's 1886 report recommended a massive $127 million construction program (equivalent to $ billion in ) at 29 harbors and river estuaries, to include new breech-loading rifled guns, mortars, and naval minefields. The Board and the program are usually called the Endicott Board and the Endicott Program. Most of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"her mother's permission to correspond with her, and they were soon engaged to be married. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the Blue Room at the White House. He was the second president to wed while in office, and has been the only president married in the White House. This marriage was unusual, since Cleveland was the executor of Oscar Folsom's estate and had supervised Frances's upbringing after her father's death; nevertheless, the public took no exception to the match. At 21 years, Frances Folsom Cleveland was the youngest First Lady in history, and the public soon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158962\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover (given name)\",\n \"text\": \"births in the United States between November 1883 and November 1884 (the month when Cleveland won his first presidential election), and spiked again after he won the 1892 election. The name later declined in popularity, and was last one of the top one thousand names in the United States in the 1970s. One notable modern usage is for Grover the Muppet on the television show \\\"Sesame Street\\\". Grover (given name) Grover is a masculine given name. Grover first became popular as a given name in the United States during the presidencies of Grover Cleveland, in part of a long-standing American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19919790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)\",\n \"text\": \"renovated in 1959, where an addition was built onto the northern end of the school that contained classrooms, a swimming pool, and a new gymnasium. During the 1970s, Grover was designated as the school to serve foreign language-speaking students within the City of Buffalo. In 2007, the building began housing two schools, Grover Cleveland High School, and the International Preparatory School, a math and science magnet affiliated with the College Board. In 2010, Grover Cleveland High School was closed to new due to low graduation rates and increasing incidents of student violence and possession of weapons. The final class of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16101836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"incumbent Stalwart U.S. President Chester A. Arthur's attempt at renomination. In Arthur's place, Blaine himself was nominated as the Republican Party candidate for President in 1884. Meanwhile, U.S. Senator and former general John A. Logan was selected as Blaine's running mate after Robert Todd Lincoln withdrew his name from consideration. 1876 Democratic candidate and former New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden was initially the 1884 front-runner for the Democrats. Due to his poor health, however, Tilden withdrew his name from consideration for the 1884 Democratic nomination. After Tilden's withdrawal, then-current New York Governor and former Buffalo Mayor Grover Cleveland (known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20347981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"1916 [a single-season record 16], 1917, 1919, 1921). He won pitching's Triple Crown in 1915, 1916, and 1920, and is sometimes credited with a fourth in 1917. In 1915, he was instrumental in leading the Phillies to their first pennant, and he pitched a record five one-hitters. Along the way Alexander began to have problems with alcohol, a struggle that would plague him the rest of his life. After the 1917 season, the Phillies traded Grover Cleveland Alexander and catcher Bill Killefer to the Cubs for catcher Pickles Dillhoefer, pitcher Mike Prendergast, and $60,000. Phillies owner William Baker admitted later,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2254598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover (given name)\",\n \"text\": \"Grover (given name) Grover is a masculine given name. Grover first became popular as a given name in the United States during the presidencies of Grover Cleveland, in part of a long-standing American trend of naming babies after presidents. Cleveland's official first name was Stephen; he was named after Stephen Grover, a former minister at the church his parents attended. However, from childhood, Cleveland's friends addressed him by his middle name instead, and so what was originally the surname Grover became a given name. According to Social Security Administration data, the name Grover increased in frequency by 850 per 100,000\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19919789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"by narrowly winning New York (Cleveland's home state) and Indiana (Harrison's home state) (both of which voted for Cleveland in 1884). Cleveland was hurt in New York (which he lost by 1.09%) by Tammany Hall's (and its \\\"Boss\\\" Richard Croker's) lukewarm support for him. Cleveland came very close to losing Connecticut, West Virginia, and the ex-Confederate state of Virginia to Harrison as well. Democratic Vice Presidential nominee Thurman's home state of Ohio also narrowly went for Harrison in 1888. Even though Benjamin Harrison won the 1888 U.S. Presidential election, outgoing U.S. President Grover Cleveland would eventually return to political life\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17348824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"the nickname was in public circulation. On his 1940 Playball baseball card he was referred to as \\\"Ol' Pete.\\\" In \\\"The World Series and Highlights of Baseball\\\", by Lamont Buchanan, published in 1951, the year after Alexander died, on pp. 106–107 the author refers to \\\"Pete Alexander\\\" and \\\"Ol' Pete\\\" in a matter-of-fact way, suggesting the nickname was well known. His nickname among family friends in Nebraska was \\\"Dode.\\\" \\\"Grover Cleveland Alexander wasn't drunk out there on the mound, the way people thought. He was an epileptic. Old Pete would fall down with a seizure between innings, then go back\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2254608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Commercial Advertiser\\\". During this time, Cleveland assumed a lifestyle of simplicity, taking residence in a plain boarding house; Cleveland dedicated his growing income instead to the support of his mother and younger sisters. While his personal quarters were austere, Cleveland enjoyed an active social life and \\\"the easy-going sociability of hotel-lobbies and saloons.\\\" He shunned the circles of higher society of Buffalo in which his uncle's family traveled. From his earliest involvement in politics, Cleveland aligned with the Democratic Party. He had a decided aversion to Republicans John Fremont and Abraham Lincoln, and the heads of the Rogers law firm\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"biographer Rexford Tugwell described the time in office as a waste for Cleveland politically. Cleveland was aware of graft in the sheriff's office during his tenure and chose not to confront it. A notable incident of his term took place on September 6, 1872, when Patrick Morrissey was executed, who had been convicted of murdering his mother. As sheriff, Cleveland was responsible for either personally carrying out the execution or paying a deputy $10 to perform the task. In spite of reservations about the hanging, Cleveland executed Morrissey himself; he hanged another murderer, John Gaffney, on February 14, 1873. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158924\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seattle riot of 1886\",\n \"text\": \"Seattle riot of 1886 The Seattle riot of 1886 occurred on February 6–9, 1886, in Seattle, Washington, amidst rising anti-Chinese sentiment caused by intense labor competition and in the context of an ongoing struggle between labor and capital in the Western United States. The dispute arose when a mob affiliated with a local Knights of Labor chapter formed small committees to carry out a forcible expulsion of all Chinese from the city. Violence erupted between the Knights of Labor rioters and federal troops ordered in by President Grover Cleveland. The incident resulted in the removal of over 200 Chinese people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9918570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Richard F. Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"wife, Ellen, died in 1954. He died in Baltimore on January 10, 1974, of chronic pulmonary illness. He is buried at Fowlers Mill Cemetery in Tamworth, New Hampshire. Richard F. Cleveland Richard Folsom \\\"Dick\\\" Cleveland (October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974) was an American lawyer and civic leader who spent his career with the law firm of Semmes, Bowen & Semmes. He was the son of President Grover Cleveland. Whittaker Chambers considered him critical to successful outcome of the Hiss Case. Cleveland was born in Princeton, New Jersey, the eldest son of Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19865782\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"the White House as a bachelor, and his sister Rose Cleveland acted as hostess for the first two years of his administration. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the Blue Room at the White House. He was the second president to wed while in office, after John Tyler. Though Cleveland had supervised Frances's upbringing after her father's death, the public took no exception to the match. At 21 years, Frances Folsom Cleveland was the youngest First Lady in history, and the public soon warmed to her beauty and warm personality. Soon after taking office, Cleveland was faced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19767985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oct-1-en-3-one\",\n \"text\": \"Oct-1-en-3-one is a ketone analog of the alkene 1-octene. It is also produced by \\\"Uncinula necator\\\", a fungus that causes powdery mildew of grape. Oct-1-en-3-one Oct-1-en-3-one (CH=CHC(=O)(CH)CH), also known as 1-octen-3-one, is the odorant that is responsible for the typical \\\"metallic\\\" smell of metals and blood coming into contact with skin. Oct-1-en-3-one has a strong metallic mushroom-like odor with an odor detection threshold of 0.03–1.12 µg/m and it is the main compound responsible for the \\\"smell of metal\\\", followed by decanal (smell: orange skin, flowery) and nonanal (smell: tallowy, fruity). Oct-1-en-3-one is the degradative reduction product of the chemical reaction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9192297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, North Carolina\",\n \"text\": \"War). This portion of history affected local matters. A German bachelor, Grover Cleveland, was ill at ease at first with all the comforts of the White House. \\\"I must go to dinner,\\\" he wrote to a friend, \\\"but I wish it was to eat a pickled herring, a Swiss cheese, and a chop at Louis' instead of the French stuff I shall find.\\\" He gained advance publicity and coverage as did the town of Grover. A portion of the original plan encompassed renaming the town after the President's first name to attain notice. In June 1886, this predicament would be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1172811\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, North Carolina\",\n \"text\": \"of Historic Places in 2011. Many other prominent names dominate the makeup of Grover and are listed repeatedly in reference level books of the Cleveland County Library System, families like Herndon, Hambright (Hambrecht), Hamrick, Rountree, Keeter, Graham, Cleaveland, Cleveland, Scruggs, and Goforth. Within the history of Grover - it is often confused with President Grover Cleveland versus Benjamin Cleveland and where the names came from. Although, each Cleveland are related - going back to Amos Cleveland, of Massachusetts and Cleveland, Ohio. Grover is in the process of restoring itself to a town with a 'turn-of-the-century look and feel'. Its train\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1172814\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"tariff to protect American industries. American tariffs had been high since the Civil War, and by the 1880s the tariff brought in so much revenue that the government was running a surplus. In 1886, a bill to reduce the tariff was narrowly defeated in the House. The tariff issue was emphasized in the Congressional elections that year, and the forces of protectionism increased their numbers in the Congress, but Cleveland continued to advocate tariff reform. As the surplus grew, Cleveland and the reformers called for a tariff for revenue only. His message to Congress in 1887 (quoted at right) highlighted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"sedating Cleveland with nitrous oxide and ether, successfully removed parts of his upper left jaw and hard palate. The size of the tumor and the extent of the operation left Cleveland's mouth disfigured. During another surgery, Cleveland was fitted with a hard rubber dental prosthesis that corrected his speech and restored his appearance. A cover story about the removal of two bad teeth kept the suspicious press placated. Even when a newspaper story appeared giving details of the actual operation, the participating surgeons discounted the severity of what transpired during Cleveland's vacation. In 1917, one of the surgeons present on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"in a couple of years and challenge Harrison again for the U.S. Presidency in 1892. Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign President of the United States Grover Cleveland's first term (1885-1889) was most notable \\\"for its record number of vetoes (414), more than double the number issued by all his predecessors combined.\\\" During Cleveland's first term, controlling Congressional and wasteful spending was an important priority for him and his administration. Cleveland's vetoes (and other moves, such as issuing \\\"an executive order [which was later rescinded] directing the return of captured Confederate battle standards to their home states\\\") angered the Grand Army\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17348825\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign President of the United States Grover Cleveland's first term (1885-1889) was most notable \\\"for its record number of vetoes (414), more than double the number issued by all his predecessors combined.\\\" During Cleveland's first term, controlling Congressional and wasteful spending was an important priority for him and his administration. Cleveland's vetoes (and other moves, such as issuing \\\"an executive order [which was later rescinded] directing the return of captured Confederate battle standards to their home states\\\") angered the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), a powerful organization advocating for Union veterans. In his State of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17348818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1884 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Grover the Good\\\") emerged as the front-runner for the Democrats. As Governor, Cleveland was notable for implementing civil service reform in New York as well as for preserving Niagara Falls as a state park. In addition, Cleveland's position on the tariff issue was unclear—thus allowing him to appeal to both high tariff supporters and low tariff supporters. Plus, the fact that he was from a swing state (New York) further strengthened Cleveland's appeal among Democrats. Finally, Cleveland won a lot of support for cutting off the patronage of the corrupt New York City political machine known as Tammany Hall\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20347982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oct-1-en-3-one\",\n \"text\": \"Oct-1-en-3-one Oct-1-en-3-one (CH=CHC(=O)(CH)CH), also known as 1-octen-3-one, is the odorant that is responsible for the typical \\\"metallic\\\" smell of metals and blood coming into contact with skin. Oct-1-en-3-one has a strong metallic mushroom-like odor with an odor detection threshold of 0.03–1.12 µg/m and it is the main compound responsible for the \\\"smell of metal\\\", followed by decanal (smell: orange skin, flowery) and nonanal (smell: tallowy, fruity). Oct-1-en-3-one is the degradative reduction product of the chemical reaction of skin lipid peroxides and Fe. Skin lipid peroxides are formed from skin lipid by oxidation, either enzymatically by lipoxygenases or by air oxygen.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9192296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Richard F. Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Richard F. Cleveland Richard Folsom \\\"Dick\\\" Cleveland (October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974) was an American lawyer and civic leader who spent his career with the law firm of Semmes, Bowen & Semmes. He was the son of President Grover Cleveland. Whittaker Chambers considered him critical to successful outcome of the Hiss Case. Cleveland was born in Princeton, New Jersey, the eldest son of Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and Frances Folsom. He was born nearly eight months after the end of his father's second term, and was named for his grandfather, Richard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19865772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song)\",\n \"text\": \"Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song) \\\"Just the Two of Us\\\" is a 1981 R&B single written by Bill Withers, William Salter and Ralph MacDonald, and recorded by Grover Washington Jr. and Bill Withers. The song originally appeared on Washington's album \\\"Winelight\\\" (1980). An edited version reached number 2 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, staying there for three weeks, behind \\\"Morning Train (9 to 5)\\\" by Sheena Easton and \\\"Bette Davis Eyes\\\" by Kim Carnes. The song won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song. Bill Withers included the edited version on the 1981 compilation \\\"Bill\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10483485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song)\",\n \"text\": \"sidewalk, and a couple dancing in another room of the apartment. Just the Two of Us (Grover Washington Jr. song) \\\"Just the Two of Us\\\" is a 1981 R&B single written by Bill Withers, William Salter and Ralph MacDonald, and recorded by Grover Washington Jr. and Bill Withers. The song originally appeared on Washington's album \\\"Winelight\\\" (1980). An edited version reached number 2 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, staying there for three weeks, behind \\\"Morning Train (9 to 5)\\\" by Sheena Easton and \\\"Bette Davis Eyes\\\" by Kim Carnes. The song won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10483490\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Park\",\n \"text\": \"stream. The park was acquired between 1913 and 1916 and is named after President Grover Cleveland who was born in Caldwell, and was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. The Olmsted Brothers were asked to create a plan for recreation use of most of the park area. By the summer of 1914, development of recreation facilities — including tennis courts, baseball fields, a playground, sand court, wading pool, and a shelter house to service these facilities — was underway, with improvements completed for public use by 1916. Park features include lighted tennis courts, shuffleboard courts, horseshoe pitches,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6360712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, North Carolina\",\n \"text\": \"Grover, North Carolina Grover is a town in Cleveland County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 708 at the 2010 census. Grover is classified as a small town where railway and highway routes Interstate 85 and U.S. Highway 29 cross the state line between North Carolina and South Carolina. It was previously named Whitaker and legally was in South Carolina. The name change to Grover in 1885 was in honor of President Grover Cleveland. Gingerbread Row, (Cleveland Avenue - NC Highway 216) has an antique look with many restored homes in beautiful colors. A railroad-dominated town started when the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1172806\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"tariffs and tariff reform. Cleveland went into the 1888 U.S. Presidential election as the first Democratic Presidential nominee to be re-nominated since Martin Van Buren in 1840, almost half a century earlier. The respected former U.S. Senator Allen G. Thurman (from the electoral vote-rich state of Ohio) was picked as Grover Cleveland's Vice Presidential running mate, since Cleveland's previous Vice President (Thomas A. Hendricks) died three years earlier, in November 1885. The Republican Party nominated former U.S. Senator Benjamin Harrison (from the swing state of Indiana) to run against Cleveland in 1888 after 1884 Republican Presidential nominee James G. Blaine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17348820\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Loening\",\n \"text\": \"other inductees in the Hall of Fame's portrait gallery within the San Diego Air and Space Museum. He is a 1976 recipient of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution. He died on February 29, 1976, in Coconut Grove, Florida. Grover Loening Grover Cleveland Loening (September 12, 1888 – February 29, 1976) was an American aircraft manufacturer. Loening was born in Bremen, in what was then Imperial Germany, on September 12, 1888, while his American-born father was stationed there as U.S. Consul. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City, where he was awarded the first-ever degree in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8401124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Loening\",\n \"text\": \"Grover Loening Grover Cleveland Loening (September 12, 1888 – February 29, 1976) was an American aircraft manufacturer. Loening was born in Bremen, in what was then Imperial Germany, on September 12, 1888, while his American-born father was stationed there as U.S. Consul. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City, where he was awarded the first-ever degree in Aeronautical Engineering. Following graduation, he joined the Queen Aeroplane Company in New York, managed the Wright Company factory in Dayton, Ohio for Orville Wright in 1913 and 1914, published a book, \\\"Military Airplanes\\\", and became Vice President of the Sturtevant Aeroplane\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8401121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"were widely denounced. Cleveland, however, saw the bill as unjust—Gould had taken over the railroads when they were failing and had made the system solvent again. Moreover, Cleveland believed that altering Gould's franchise would violate the Contract Clause of the federal Constitution. Despite the initial popularity of the fare-reduction bill, the newspapers praised Cleveland's veto. Theodore Roosevelt, then a member of the Assembly, had reluctantly voted for the bill to which Cleveland objected, in a desire to punish the unscrupulous railroad barons. After the veto, Roosevelt reversed himself, as did many legislators, and the veto was sustained. Cleveland's defiance of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, Utah\",\n \"text\": \"distances among homes. In the early 1890s the growing town was granted a post office, and the name was changed to \\\"Grover\\\" in honor of U.S. President Grover Cleveland. The Grover Irrigation Company organized in 1893 to build and manage structures for drawing and distributing water from Fish Creek Lake. The first school classes were held in the winter of 1892–1893, and the first log school/church/community building was built about 1900. In 1935, a new school building was built in Grover. A stuccoed log one-room school, the Grover School was built with funds and labor provided mainly by the Works\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15145193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, North Carolina\",\n \"text\": \"Frederick Hambright (Hambrecht). Grover also hosts a former White House Chef and manager of the Presidential resort and conference center Camp David, Martin CJ Mongiello, who lives there . Grover is a part of Cleveland County, North Carolina. The county is named after Colonel Benjamin Cleveland (Cleaveland - Thorkil de Cleveland of Cleveland County York, England in the year 1066) - of the King's Mountain battle - a companion of Colonel Frederick Hambright (with his son John by his side) during the Revolutionary War. Grover holds as many North Carolina Official Historical Markers as the county seat of Shelby. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1172809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cleveland, Oklahoma\",\n \"text\": \"Cleveland, Oklahoma Cleveland is a city in Pawnee County, Oklahoma. The 2010 census population was 3,251, a decrease of 0.9 percent from 3,282 at the 2000 census. After the Cherokee Outlet opening, a homesteader by the name of Willis H. Herbert established a town named Herbert by opening a post office on the current townsite of Cleveland on October 28, 1893. The Post Office department subsequently withdrew the approval of the Herbert post office. The post office was then moved 100 feet, and reestablished under the name Cleveland, named in honor of then President Grover Cleveland on April 19, 1894.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1193579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Grover McDonald\",\n \"text\": \"James Grover McDonald James Grover McDonald (November 29, 1886 – September 25, 1964) was a United States diplomat. He served as the first U.S. Ambassador to Israel. McDonald was born in Coldwater, Ohio on November 29, 1886. His parents operated a hotel, and later relocated to Albany, Indiana to operate a second one. McDonald received his bachelor's degree from Indiana University (IU) in 1909, and completed a master's degree in History, Political Science and International Relations at IU in 1910. He was selected for a teaching fellowship in history at Harvard University, and remained there until his returning to Indiana\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9476621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Big Us\",\n \"text\": \"The Big Us The Big Us was a radical underground newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio starting in September, 1968, appearing biweekly in tabloid format. Its politics reflected the views of SDS. Editors were Carol Cohen McEldowney, a 25-year-old SDS organizer and Cleveland welfare caseworker, and Carole Close, an antiwar activist. The paper's headquarters were in a church coffeehouse/youth center called The Outpost, near the Case Western Reserve University campus. McEldowney left in May 1969 to work in an antiwar GI coffeehouse in South Carolina. Starting with the issue of Oct. 14, 1969 (vol. 3, no. 2) the paper changed its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15007377\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland Golf Course\",\n \"text\": \"York. When the Club moved to its present location in Amherst, the existing site was renamed Grover Cleveland Park to honor the former Mayor of Buffalo, Governor of New York, and President of the United States. It was at this time, that the Main St. property was rezoned from being part of Amherst, NY to becoming part of Buffalo, NY. The present course has hosted the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1931, the Curtis Cup in 1950, the Carling Cup Matches in 1960, and the National Junior Girls Championship in 1962. The transported Country Club of Buffalo, located in the Town\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12107006\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"as we touch humanity in the individual. We make the world a better place through our concrete relationships, not through our vague, general good will. We must each find a true partner someone who understands and appreciates us, someone whose faith in us brings out our best efforts. Our deepest craving is for recognition--to be known by another human being for what we truly are.\\\" When her elder brother, Grover Cleveland, became the 22nd President of the United States in March 1885, Rose assumed the duties of First Lady and lived in the White House for two years. She stood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6712144\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"predeceased by his wife in 1992. Cleveland died on November 8, 1995 in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, at age 92. Francis Cleveland Francis Grover Cleveland (c. 1903 - November 8, 1995) was an American stage actor, director and producer. He was the co-founder of the Barnstormers Theatre, a theatre company in Tamworth, New Hampshire. His parents were President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom. Cleveland was born circa 1903 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. His father, Grover Cleveland, was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; his mother, Frances Folsom, was First Lady. He had a brother, Richard, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20969680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"the 1888 election, Cleveland returned to New York, where he resumed his legal career. Cleveland established himself as a contender for the 1892 nomination with his February 1891 \\\"Silver Letter,\\\" in which he deplored the rising strength of the Free Silver movement in the Democratic Party. Cleveland's chief opponent for the nomination was David B. Hill, now a Senator for New York. Hill united the anti-Cleveland elements of the Democratic party—silverites, protectionists, and Tammany Hall—but was unable to create a coalition large enough to deny Cleveland the nomination, and Cleveland was nominated on the first ballot of the convention. For\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19768013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Cleveland had campaigned against the Lodge Bill, which would have strengthened voting rights protections through the appointing of federal supervisors of congressional elections upon a petition from the citizens of any district. The Enforcement Act of 1871 had provided for a detailed federal overseeing of the electoral process, from registration to the certification of returns. Cleveland succeeded in ushering in the 1894 repeal of this law (ch. 25, 28 Stat. 36). The pendulum thus swung from stronger attempts to protect voting rights to the repealing of voting rights protections; this in turn led to unsuccessful attempts to have the federal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston\",\n \"text\": \"Cleveland, her first husband. Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. Becoming First Lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president. Frances Clara Folsom was born in Buffalo, New York, the daughter of Oscar Folsom, who was a lawyer and descendant of the earliest European settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Emma Harmon. All of Frances Cleveland's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2470879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Grover\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Grover Thomas Grover (July 22, 1807 – February 20, 1886) was an early leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was a polygamist, a Utah politician, and a Mormon pioneer. Grover was born to Thomas Grover and Polly Spaulding in Whitehall, New York. At age 12, he worked as a cabin boy on the Erie Canal, where he would eventually become a captain. He married his first wife Caroline Whiting in 1828 and became a Methodist preacher. In 1834, Grover joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. After joining the church, he and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13924066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, North Carolina\",\n \"text\": \"fixed for Grover. President Cleveland married 21-year-old Frances Folsom; he was the only President ever married in the White House. This historic event and the ensuing honeymoon took on news attention. The name change of Grover's county took on epic proportions shortly after this event. The town, White House and county historically affected each other in an unpredicted manner. In 1887, Cleaveland County held a referendum and vote to change its name to the more popular spelling of, \\\"Cleveland\\\". The latest, mistaken report of this (verified July 2008) with a letter delivered by the US Postal Service, from the White\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1172812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ruth Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"lived parallel lives in which it has been widely assumed that the latter was named for the former. The confection's creator, the Curtiss Candy Company, never admitted to what looks like an obvious connection – especially since Ruth hit 54 home runs the year before the first Baby Ruth was devoured. Had it done so, Curtiss would have had to compensate Ruth. Instead, it eventually insisted the inspiration was \\\"Baby Ruth\\\" Cleveland, the daughter of President Grover Cleveland. But it is an odd connection that makes one wonder at the marketing savvy of Otto Schnering, the company's founder.\\\" Ruth Cleveland\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3980926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover\",\n \"text\": \"singing telegram artist. One sketch parodied the ABC television series \\\"\\\" in a segment where Grover began remodeling Mr. Johnson's home despite his express wishes. In another one, Mr. Johnson is the only patron, and Grover is the only actor, for a production of \\\"Spider-Monster: The Musical\\\", a parody of the musical \\\"\\\". The play is, of course, a complete calamity and finally comes crashing down on both of them. Grover also has an instructional persona who wears a cape and gown to provide educational context for simple, everyday things. His lessons are often wrong, leaving himself open to correction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1772462\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover C. Stephens\",\n \"text\": \"Grover C. Stephens Grover Cleveland Stephens (January 12, 1925 – June 17, 2003), born in Oak Park, Illinois, was a marine biologist and comparative physiologist at the University of Minnesota and the University of California, Irvine. Stephens was born 12 Jan 1925 in Oak Park to Grover C. and Celene Madeleine (Seibert) Stephens, and grew up in Cicero, Illinois. He entered military service on 13 Nov 1943 and trained at the Great Lakes Naval Station. After one year of engineering training at Purdue University and Princeton University, he was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Navy in the spring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13162069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"practices such as \\\"discrimination,\\\" in which the railroads charged different rates to different clients. Though often critical of the business practices of railroad magnates like Jay Gould, Cleveland was generally reluctant to involve the federal government in regulatory matters. Despite this reluctance, after the Supreme Court's holding in the 1886 case of \\\"Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois\\\" severely limited the power of states to regulate interstate commerce, Cleveland assented to legislation providing for federal oversight of railroads. In 1887, he signed the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), a five-member\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19767990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"again, but he declined to be nominated. Instead, Cleveland nominated Rufus Wheeler Peckham, the brother of Wheeler Hazard Peckham, and the Senate confirmed the second Peckham easily. No new states were admitted to the Union during Cleveland's first term. On February 22, 1889, days before leaving office, the 50th Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1889, authorizing North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington to form state governments and to gain admission to the Union. All four officially became states in November 1889, during the first year of Benjamin Harrison's administration. During his second term, the 53rd United States Congress\",\n \"psg_id\": \"158996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Secretary Manning tried to reduce the amount of silver that the government was required to coin under the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. Cleveland also unsuccessfully appealed to Congress to repeal this law before he was inaugurated. In reply, one of the foremost silverites, Richard P. Bland, introduced a bill in 1886 that would require the government to coin unlimited amounts of silver, inflating the then-deflating currency. While Bland's bill was defeated, so was a bill the administration favored that would repeal any silver coinage requirement. The result was a retention of the status quo, and a postponement of the resolution\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19767995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grover, Wyoming\",\n \"text\": \"Grover, Wyoming Grover is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 147 at the 2010 census. The first settlement at Grover was made in 1885. A post office called Grover has been in operation since 1889. The community was named after Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Grover is located at (42.793051, -110.931862). It located in Star Valley, a grassland valley surrounded by forested mountains. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.2 km²), all of it land. As of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1260038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston\",\n \"text\": \"Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. Becoming First Lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president. Frances Clara Folsom was born in Buffalo, New York, the daughter of Oscar Folsom, who was a lawyer and descendant of the earliest European settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Emma Harmon. All of Frances Cleveland's ancestors were from England\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2470870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ravi Grover\",\n \"text\": \"issues related to India's electricity needs and have been highlighting the importance of nuclear energy. He has worked on details of India's regime on civil liability for nuclear damage and is credited with explaining fine detail regarding Supplier's liability. Ravi Grover is one half of the Kakodkar-Grover duo who are chiefly responsible for the success of the Indo-US negotiations that culminated in the 123 agreement signed in July 2007. Anil Kakodkar and Ravi Grover were the technical advisors to India's politicians in the tense negotiations that led to the Indo-US nuclear agreement, a culmination of two years of painstaking negotiations.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5495988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Francis Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Francis Cleveland Francis Grover Cleveland (c. 1903 - November 8, 1995) was an American stage actor, director and producer. He was the co-founder of the Barnstormers Theatre, a theatre company in Tamworth, New Hampshire. His parents were President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom. Cleveland was born circa 1903 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. His father, Grover Cleveland, was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; his mother, Frances Folsom, was First Lady. He had a brother, Richard, and three sisters, including Ruth and Esther Cleveland was educated at the Phillips Exeter Academy. He graduated from Harvard University.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20969678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Grover\",\n \"text\": \"area that is now Centerville and Farmington. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature and a Probate Judge in Davis County, Utah. Thomas Grover Thomas Grover (July 22, 1807 – February 20, 1886) was an early leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was a polygamist, a Utah politician, and a Mormon pioneer. Grover was born to Thomas Grover and Polly Spaulding in Whitehall, New York. At age 12, he worked as a cabin boy on the Erie Canal, where he would eventually become a captain. He married his first wife Caroline Whiting in 1828\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13924069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Washington to draft constitutions and form state governments and to request admission to the Union. All four did, and each officially became states in November 1889, during the first year of Benjamin Harrison's administration. Midway through his second term, July 16, 1894, the 53rd United States Congress passed an act that permitted Utah to form a constitution and state government, and to apply for statehood. On January 4, 1896, Cleveland proclaimed Utah a state on an equal footing with the other states of the Union. According to historian Henry Graff, Cleveland reasserted the power of the executive branch, but his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19768054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"May Day riots of 1894\",\n \"text\": \"General Strike in Chicago, Illinois, an unknown person threw a bomb into the crowd, prompting police to fire into the crowd, killing civilians and police alike. The same day in 1890, Raymond Lavigne called for international demonstrations to commemorate the day. In 1894 the Pullman Strike in Illinois, as well as this series of unemployed workers' riots on May Day in Cleveland, prompted U.S. President Grover Cleveland to propose a bill that would make a Labor Day a national public holiday. After the Haymarket Square riot in May, 1886, US President Grover Cleveland feared that commemorating Labor Day on May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6971519\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["liberty, statue of","statue of liberty","fort wood national monument","staute of liberty","statue of liberty","azadliq statue","freiheitsstatue","liberty enlightening the world","statue of liberty, usa","statue of liberty","liberty enlightening the world","statue liberty","mother of exiles","the statue of liberty","frederick r. law","🗽","the liberty statue","free woman"],"string":"[\n \"liberty, statue of\",\n \"statue of liberty\",\n \"fort wood national monument\",\n \"staute of liberty\",\n \"statue of liberty\",\n \"azadliq statue\",\n \"freiheitsstatue\",\n \"liberty enlightening the world\",\n \"statue of liberty, usa\",\n \"statue of liberty\",\n \"liberty enlightening the world\",\n \"statue liberty\",\n \"mother of exiles\",\n \"the statue of liberty\",\n \"frederick r. law\",\n \"🗽\",\n \"the liberty statue\",\n \"free woman\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78299,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"october 25, 1957 was the birthday of actress and comedian nancy cartwright. what tv character is she best known for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"Nancy Cartwright Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and voice actress, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney and Database. Cartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio. Cartwright moved to Hollywood in 1978 and trained alongside voice actor Daws Butler. Her first professional role was voicing Gloria in the animated series \"Richie Rich\", which she followed with a starring role in the television movie \"Marian Rose White\" (1982) and her first feature","psg_id":"1068640"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Cartwright Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and voice actress, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series \\\"The Simpsons\\\". Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney and Database. Cartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio. Cartwright moved to Hollywood in 1978 and trained alongside voice actor Daws Butler. Her first professional role was voicing Gloria in the animated series \\\"Richie Rich\\\", which she followed with a starring role in the television movie \\\"Marian Rose White\\\" (1982) and her first feature\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068640\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Lynn Cartwright","text":"Lynn Cartwright Lynn Cartwright (February 27, 1927 – January 2, 2004) was an American character actress known for her performance as the older version of Geena Davis' character, Dottie Hinson, in the 1992 film \"A League of Their Own\". She was born Doralyn Emma Cartwright in McAlester, Oklahoma, the daughter of U.S. Congressman Wilburn Cartwright and his wife Carrie (née Staggs). Her younger sister, Wilburta (b. 1928-d.2012), was an artist. She was also related to former Oklahoma legislator Buck Cartwright and former Oklahoma Attorney General Jan-Eric Cartwright. Her acting career spanned from 1957 to 1992 and included smaller roles in","psg_id":"3542347"},{"title":"Angela Cartwright","text":"Angela Cartwright Angela Margaret Cartwright (born September 9, 1952) is an English-born American actress primarily known for her roles in movies and television. Cartwright is best known in movies as a child actress for her role as Brigitta von Trapp in the Academy Award winning film \"The Sound of Music\" (1965). On television, she played Linda Williams, the stepdaughter of Danny Williams (played by Danny Thomas) in the 1950s TV series \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Penny Robinson, in the 1960s television series \"Lost in Space\". Her older sister is actress Veronica Cartwright. Angela Cartwright was born in Altrincham, Cheshire,","psg_id":"4389632"},{"title":"Nancy Carell","text":"character, Michael Scott. She also had a brief appearance in the movie \"Bridesmaids\". Carell and her husband Steve created the TBS comedy series \"Angie Tribeca\" starring Rashida Jones. The series premiered on January 17, 2016. Carell is married to actor-comedian Steve Carell, whom she met when she was a student in an improvisation class he was teaching at Second City. They have two children: daughter Elisabeth (born in 2001) and son John (born in 2004). Nancy Carell Nancy Ellen Carell (; née Walls; born July 19, 1966) is an American actress, comedian and writer best known for her work on","psg_id":"6683437"},{"title":"Nancy Dussault","text":"She was the first actress to portray the character of Theresa Stemple, the mother of character Jamie Stemple Buchman, in season one of the NBC TV series \"Mad About You\". Nancy Dussault Nancy Dussault (born June 30, 1936) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role in the sitcom \"Too Close for Comfort\" (1980–1987). In a career spanning over half a century, Dussault received two Tony Award nominations. Born in Pensacola, Florida, her parents were George Adrian, a naval officer of French-Canadian descent and Sarah Isabel (née Seitz). She grew up as a \"Navy junior\"","psg_id":"5417607"},{"title":"Nancy Walker","text":"Nancy Walker Nancy Walker (May 10, 1922 – March 25, 1992) was an American actress and comedian of stage, screen, and television. She was also a film and television director (such as of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\", on which she also made several guest appearances). During her five-decade long career, she may be best remembered for her long-running roles as Mildred on \"McMillan & Wife\" and Ida Morgenstern, who first appeared on several episodes of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" and later became a prominent recurring character on the spinoff series \"Rhoda\". Walker was born in 1922 as Anna","psg_id":"2620855"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"retirement of Christine Cavanaugh). In 2000, she published her autobiography, \"My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy\", and four years later, adapted it into a one-woman play. In 2017, she wrote and produced the film \"In Search of Fellini\". Cartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio, on October 25, 1957, the fourth of Frank and Miriam Cartwright's six children. She grew up in Kettering, Ohio, and discovered her talent for voices at an early age. While in the fourth grade at the school of St. Charles Borromeo, she won a school-wide speech competition with her performance of Rudyard Kipling's \"How the Camel","psg_id":"1068614"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)","text":"the British Academy and member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. She has received honorary degrees from Southern Methodist University and the University of St Andrews as well as a MacArthur Fellowship. In 2016, Cartwright was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS). Nancy Cartwright (philosopher) Nancy Cartwright, Lady Hampshire, (born 24 January 1944) is a philosopher of science and is professor of philosophy at the University of California at San Diego and the University of Durham. Cartwright earned her BSc from the University of Pittsburgh in","psg_id":"4834025"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)","text":"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher) Nancy Cartwright, Lady Hampshire, (born 24 January 1944) is a philosopher of science and is professor of philosophy at the University of California at San Diego and the University of Durham. Cartwright earned her BSc from the University of Pittsburgh in mathematics and her Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. Her thesis was on the concept of mixture in quantum mechanics. Before taking her current appointments, she taught at the University of Maryland, Stanford University and the London School of Economics. She has held visiting appointments at the University of Oslo, Princeton","psg_id":"4834019"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"book, she describes Murphy as her \"personal laugh track\". The couple had two children, Lucy and Jack, before divorcing in 2002. She is the aunt of actress and singer Sabrina Carpenter. Cartwright was raised a Roman Catholic but joined the Church of Scientology in 1991. She was awarded Scientology's Patron Laureate Award after donating $10 million, almost twice her annual salary, to the Church in 2007. Cartwright is a contributor to ASIFA-Hollywood's Animation Archive Project. In September 2007, Cartwright received the Make-a-Wish Foundation's Wish Icon Award \"for her tremendous dedication to the Foundation's fundraising and wish-fulfillment efforts\". In 2005, Cartwright","psg_id":"1068638"},{"title":"Veronica Cartwright","text":"Veronica Cartwright Veronica A. Cartwright (born 20 April 1949) is an English-born American actress who has worked mainly in American film and television in a career spanning six decades. As a child actress, she appeared in supporting roles in \"The Children's Hour\" and \"The Birds\". She is perhaps best known for her roles in the science fiction films \"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\" (1978) and \"Alien\" (1979), for which she won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. Cartwright was born in Bristol and grew up in Los Angeles, having emigrated to America shortly after the birth of her younger","psg_id":"4391301"},{"title":"Nancy Robertson (actress)","text":"Nancy Robertson (actress) Nancy Robertson (born 1971) is a Canadian actress, best known for her roles as Wanda Dollard in the Canadian television series \"Corner Gas\" and Millie Upton in the series \"Hiccups\". Born in 1971, Robertson was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She studied drama during high school and graduated in 1990. She went on to attend the Breck Academy and The Vancouver Arts Club Theatre Program. Robertson's television career began with the CBC sketch comedy series \"The 11th Hour\". She later played Harriet Sharpe, a temperamental parking attendant, in the mockumentary film \"The Delicate Art of","psg_id":"3255731"},{"title":"Lynn Cartwright","text":"of dementia on 2 January 2004, aged 76, after having suffered a fall in which she fractured her hip. Her interment was located in Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Lynn Cartwright Lynn Cartwright (February 27, 1927 – January 2, 2004) was an American character actress known for her performance as the older version of Geena Davis' character, Dottie Hinson, in the 1992 film \"A League of Their Own\". She was born Doralyn Emma Cartwright in McAlester, Oklahoma, the daughter of U.S. Congressman Wilburn Cartwright and his wife Carrie (née Staggs). Her younger sister, Wilburta (b. 1928-d.2012), was an artist. She was also","psg_id":"3542349"},{"title":"Angela Cartwright","text":"England, in 1952. She made her first film appearance at the age of three years as Paul Newman's daughter in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\" (1956), and appeared with Rock Hudson and Sidney Poitier in \"Something of Value\" (1957). After moving to the United States, Cartwright appeared for seven seasons in the CBS TV series \"The Danny Thomas Show\", opposite comedian Danny Thomas. She remained close to Thomas after the series cancellation, until his death on February 6, 1991. Cartwright returned to Europe to play the role of Brigitta von Trapp in \"The Sound of Music\" (1965). Filmed on location,","psg_id":"4389633"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"\"a throat-ripper\". Ralph Wiggum had originally been voiced by Jo Ann Harris, but Cartwright was assigned to voice the character in \"Bart the Murderer\" (season three, 1991). Todd Flanders, the only voice for which Cartwright used another source, is based on Sherman (voiced by Walter Tetley), the boy from \"Peabody's Improbable History\", a series of shorts aired on \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\". Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 for her performance as Bart in the episode \"Separate Vocations\" and an Annie Award in 1995 for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation.","psg_id":"1068630"},{"title":"Peggy Cartwright","text":"Peggy Cartwright Peggy Cartwright (November 14, 1912 – June 12, 2001) was a Canadian silent film actress perhaps best known for her short stint as the leading lady of the \"Our Gang\" comedy series during the silent film era. She appeared in four short films released in 1922 (and, possibly, the initial entry of the series, \"Our Gang\"). Cartwright is confirmed as having starred in these first four \"Our Gang\" shorts: \"One Terrible Day\" premiered on September 10, 1922; \"Fire Fighters\" premiered on October 8, 1922; \"Young Sherlocks\" premiered on November 26, 1922; and \"Saturday Morning\" premiered on December 3,","psg_id":"5245479"},{"title":"Nancy Robertson (actress)","text":"28, 2011. Robertson played the role of Principal Moreno in the television movie \"Radio Rebel\". Robertson is an alumna of the Vancouver TheatreSports League improvisational comedy troupe. On 19 November 2005, Robertson married her \"Corner Gas\" and \"Hiccups\" co-star Brent Butt. They live in Vancouver. Nancy Robertson (actress) Nancy Robertson (born 1971) is a Canadian actress, best known for her roles as Wanda Dollard in the Canadian television series \"Corner Gas\" and Millie Upton in the series \"Hiccups\". Born in 1971, Robertson was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She studied drama during high school and graduated in 1990.","psg_id":"3255733"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"Cartwright decided to take a chance on being different and continued walking, leaving the building and returning home. The production crew was confused, but she received the part. In search of more training as an actress, Cartwright joined a class taught by Hollywood coach Milton Katselas. He recommended that Cartwright study \"La Strada\", a 1956 Italian film starring Giulietta Masina and directed by Federico Fellini. She began performing \"every imaginable scene\" from \"La Strada\" in her class and spent several months trying to secure the rights to produce a stage adaptation. She visited Italy with the intention of meeting Fellini","psg_id":"1068623"},{"title":"Nancy McCarthy","text":"Nancy McCarthy Nancy McCarthy (born June 8, 1937 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American actress perhaps best known for her role as \"Bunny\" in the original 1963 pilot (unaired until 1992) for \"Gilligan's Island\". After the \"Gilligan's Island\" pilot was made, series creator Sherwood Schwartz, after many network problems, decided to make changes, including dropping McCarthy's character. She also appeared in two other unaired TV pilots: \"Zelda\" with Sheila James and on \"The Peter Lorre Playhouse\". McCarthy made appearances on a total of eight episodes of other television series, including \"My Three Sons\", \"The Donna Reed Show\", \"The Many Loves","psg_id":"17798374"},{"title":"Veronica Cartwright","text":"well as on their second album \"Ta-Dah\". In 2014, Cartwright reprised her role as Joan Lambert for DLC episodes in \"\" based on the original film, and appeared in the remake of \"The Town That Dreaded Sundown\". Veronica Cartwright Veronica A. Cartwright (born 20 April 1949) is an English-born American actress who has worked mainly in American film and television in a career spanning six decades. As a child actress, she appeared in supporting roles in \"The Children's Hour\" and \"The Birds\". She is perhaps best known for her roles in the science fiction films \"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\"","psg_id":"4391306"},{"title":"Nancy Walker","text":"supported Adlai Stevenson's campaign during the 1952 presidential election Thomas S. Hischak. \"The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: theatre, film, and television\" (June 2008), Oxford University Press, USA () Nancy Walker Nancy Walker (May 10, 1922 – March 25, 1992) was an American actress and comedian of stage, screen, and television. She was also a film and television director (such as of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\", on which she also made several guest appearances). During her five-decade long career, she may be best remembered for her long-running roles as Mildred on \"McMillan & Wife\" and Ida Morgenstern, who","psg_id":"2620871"},{"title":"Liz White (actress)","text":"Liz White (actress) Elizabeth White (born 5 November 1979) is an English actress born in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. She is best known for her role as Annie Cartwright in speculative fiction drama \"Life on Mars\", which was originally transmitted in 2006 and 2007. She trained at the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts, appearing in the 2003 TV series \"Teachers\" and the 2004 Mike Leigh's film \"Vera Drake\". White's other prominent TV roles were in Season One of the ITV show \"The Fixer\", playing Jess Mercer, the sister of John Mercer. She also played Shannon in \"The Empresses' New Clothes\", an","psg_id":"7045187"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"as \"a chubby, lumbering, slightly cross-eyed actress whose naturalness adds greatly to the film's impact\". Cartwright replied by sending Maslin a letter insisting she was not cross-eyed, and included a photograph. Later, Cartwright auditioned for the role of Ethel, a girl who becomes trapped in a cartoon world in the third segment of \"\". She met with director Joe Dante and later described him as \"a total cartoon buff, and once he took a look at my resume and noticed Daws Butler's name on it, we were off and running, sharing anecdotes about Daws and animation. After about twenty minutes,","psg_id":"1068620"},{"title":"Nancy Carell","text":"Nancy Carell Nancy Ellen Carell (; née Walls; born July 19, 1966) is an American actress, comedian and writer best known for her work on \"Saturday Night Live\", \"The Daily Show\" and \"The Office\". In 2016, she co-created the TBS comedy series \"Angie Tribeca\" with her husband, Steve Carell. Carell was born and raised in Cohasset, Massachusetts. She attended Boston College where she graduated in 1988. While a student at BC, she was a member of the improvisational troupe \"My Mother's Fleabag.\" Carell got her start in comedy at The Second City in Chicago and, like many of the troupe's","psg_id":"6683435"},{"title":"Peggy Cartwright","text":"Cartwright died shortly thereafter, in 2001. She and Walker, a United States Army World War I veteran, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California. Peggy Cartwright Peggy Cartwright (November 14, 1912 – June 12, 2001) was a Canadian silent film actress perhaps best known for her short stint as the leading lady of the \"Our Gang\" comedy series during the silent film era. She appeared in four short films released in 1922 (and, possibly, the initial entry of the series, \"Our Gang\"). Cartwright is confirmed as having starred in these first four \"Our Gang\" shorts: \"One Terrible Day\"","psg_id":"5245483"},{"title":"Nancy Stafford","text":"Nancy Stafford Nancy Elizabeth Stafford (born June 5, 1954) is an American actress, speaker and author, known for her roles on television. She came to prominence in the 1980s as Michelle Thomas, law partner and friend of the title character on five seasons of \"Matlock\". She later hosted a syndicated TV series called \"Main Floor\" (1995–2005), a show about fashion and beauty. Nancy Elizabeth Stafford was born in Wilton Manors, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale, in 1954, where she was raised as a Southern Baptist. She graduated from the University of Florida with a Bachelor of Arts degree in","psg_id":"5795346"},{"title":"Angela Cartwright","text":"below. \"Pasticcio quartz\" is a bi-annual journal written and published by Sarah Fishburn and Angela Cartwright. Issue Number 1 was 52, full-color glossy 8.5 by 8.5 inch, pages and was published on July 23, 2007. The most current, 60 page issue (Number 15: January 10, 2014), retains the size and full-color attributes. Angela Cartwright Angela Margaret Cartwright (born September 9, 1952) is an English-born American actress primarily known for her roles in movies and television. Cartwright is best known in movies as a child actress for her role as Brigitta von Trapp in the Academy Award winning film \"The Sound","psg_id":"4389636"},{"title":"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown","text":"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown is the 38th animated TV special based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \"Peanuts\". It is one of two direct-to-video \"Peanuts\" specials that have yet to air on U.S. TV (the other is \"It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown\"). The special begins with Linus roller-skating all over town. On his way back from a birthday party, he passes by a garden where he hears someone singing (\"O Mio Babbino Caro\") As he enters the garden, he learns that a little girl","psg_id":"7918822"},{"title":"Nancy Stafford","text":"grandson. Her older brother, Tracy Stafford, was a two-term Mayor of Wilton Manors, Florida and a five-term member of the Florida House of Representatives. Nancy Stafford Nancy Elizabeth Stafford (born June 5, 1954) is an American actress, speaker and author, known for her roles on television. She came to prominence in the 1980s as Michelle Thomas, law partner and friend of the title character on five seasons of \"Matlock\". She later hosted a syndicated TV series called \"Main Floor\" (1995–2005), a show about fashion and beauty. Nancy Elizabeth Stafford was born in Wilton Manors, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale,","psg_id":"5795350"},{"title":"Nancy Balbirer","text":"Nancy Balbirer Nancy Balbirer (born October 8, 1965) is an American actress, playwright, performance-artist and author, best known for her solo show, \"I Slept With Jack Kerouac and Other Stories\", and the memoir \"Take Your Shirt Off and Cry: A Memoir Of Near-Fame Experiences\". Born in New York City, she grew up in Connecticut, later moving to Greenwich Village to attend NYU’s Tisch School of the Arts, where she studied with David Mamet—a period chronicled in Take Your Shirt Off and Cry. After NYU, Balbirer landed a featured role on MTV's first-ever nonmusical program, \"Remote Control\", playing what she referred","psg_id":"13650821"},{"title":"Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress","text":"Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress The Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress is one of the Young Artist Awards presented annually by the Young Artist Association to recognize a young actress under the age of 21, who has delivered an outstanding performance in role while working within the daytime industry. The award first took place in October 1979 at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Universal City, California. In 1983, it was called Best Young Actress in a Daytime Soap. In 1984, Daytime and","psg_id":"17315456"},{"title":"Nancy Allen (actress)","text":"as Margot and Roddy McDowall as Inspector Hubbard. It was run from September 26, 1995, to March 10, 1996, and directed by Edward Hastings. Nancy Allen (actress) Nancy Anne Allen (born June 24, 1950) is an American actress and anti-cancer activist best known for her roles in the films \"Carrie\" (1976), \"RoboCop\" (1987), and \"Dressed to Kill\" (1980), the last of which earned her a Golden Globe nomination. Allen began an acting and modeling career as a child, and from the mid-1970s appeared in small film roles, most notably the anchor of Robert Zemeckis' ensemble comedy \"I Wanna Hold Your","psg_id":"5283651"},{"title":"Nancy Guppy","text":"creator/host/producer of a series of programs focusing on Pacific Northwest arts and culture, first \"City a Go Go\" on the Seattle Channel and KCTS-TV, and as of 2015, \"Art Zone with Nancy Guppy\", a weekly television program on the Seattle Channel. In 2015 she produced an art exhibit \"Musician: a Portrait Project\" at Seattle's newly restored Union Stables, featuring portraits by Ernie Sapiro of 172 prominent figures from the Seattle music scene. Nancy Guppy Nancy Guppy is an American comedian and television personality from Seattle, Washington, U.S. She is perhaps best known from her time as a writer and cast","psg_id":"19039720"},{"title":"Nancy Borgenicht","text":"Voyeur, a parody of Utah politics and culture. Nancy Borgenicht Nancy Borgenicht is an actress who starred in film and on television. She is best known for her role as Mrs. Randall in the 1984 horror movie \"Silent Night, Deadly Night\". She also appeared in \"\" (1988) as the woman attendant. Her other film roles include \"Tripwire\" (1989) and \"Neon City\" (1992). Nancy starred in the short lived 1990 television series \"Teen Angel Returns\" as Mrs. Henderson. She has appeared in some television movies like the 1986 TV movie \"The Deliberate Stranger\" (1986), and many others. She is also co-writer","psg_id":"7461017"},{"title":"Nancy Borgenicht","text":"Nancy Borgenicht Nancy Borgenicht is an actress who starred in film and on television. She is best known for her role as Mrs. Randall in the 1984 horror movie \"Silent Night, Deadly Night\". She also appeared in \"\" (1988) as the woman attendant. Her other film roles include \"Tripwire\" (1989) and \"Neon City\" (1992). Nancy starred in the short lived 1990 television series \"Teen Angel Returns\" as Mrs. Henderson. She has appeared in some television movies like the 1986 TV movie \"The Deliberate Stranger\" (1986), and many others. She is also co-writer of the annual Salt Lake City production, Saturday's","psg_id":"7461016"},{"title":"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown","text":"Pied Piper, Charlie Brown\"). He died in 2000. This was also the first Peanuts special to be animated using digital ink and paint (though the backgrounds are still done in the classic hand-painted style of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s specials.) It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown is the 38th animated TV special based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \"Peanuts\". It is one of two direct-to-video \"Peanuts\" specials that have yet to air on U.S. TV (the other is \"It's the Pied Piper, Charlie","psg_id":"7918826"},{"title":"What She Does Best","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","psg_id":"10945153"},{"title":"Nancy Allen (actress)","text":"Nancy Allen (actress) Nancy Anne Allen (born June 24, 1950) is an American actress and anti-cancer activist best known for her roles in the films \"Carrie\" (1976), \"RoboCop\" (1987), and \"Dressed to Kill\" (1980), the last of which earned her a Golden Globe nomination. Allen began an acting and modeling career as a child, and from the mid-1970s appeared in small film roles, most notably the anchor of Robert Zemeckis' ensemble comedy \"I Wanna Hold Your Hand\" (1978) and in Steven Spielberg's 1979 comedy \"1941\". A pivotal supporting role in \"Carrie\" (1976) brought her recognition, and after marrying the director","psg_id":"5283639"},{"title":"Nancy Brunning","text":"and was shot in the Ngai Tuhoe Māori community of Ruatahuna in the central North Island of New Zealand. Nancy Brunning Nancy Brunning is an actress and director who has won awards in film and television and has made a major contribution to the growth of Māori in the arts. Her accolades include Best Actress awards on stage and screen. She won Best Actress at the NZ Film Awards for her lead role in the film \"What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?\" (1999), the sequel to cult classic \"Once Were Warriors\". In 2000, she won Best Actress in Drama at","psg_id":"13962680"},{"title":"Nancy Brunning","text":"Nancy Brunning Nancy Brunning is an actress and director who has won awards in film and television and has made a major contribution to the growth of Māori in the arts. Her accolades include Best Actress awards on stage and screen. She won Best Actress at the NZ Film Awards for her lead role in the film \"What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?\" (1999), the sequel to cult classic \"Once Were Warriors\". In 2000, she won Best Actress in Drama at the New Zealand Television Awards for her lead role in the television series \"Nga Tohu\". Brunning is of Māori","psg_id":"13962675"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"and animated films, television series, as well as entertainment for digital platforms with budgets up to $15M.\" With Spotted Cow, Cartwright made her first film as a screenwriter and producer, \"In Search of Fellini\", which was released on September 15, 2017. Based on her own journey to Italy in 1985 in a bid to meet the famed director Federico Fellini, the film fulfilled Cartwright's longtime vision of turning her 1995 one-woman play \"In Search of Fellini\" into a movie. Cartwright met Warren Murphy, 24 years her senior, on her birthday in 1988 and married him two months later. In her","psg_id":"1068637"},{"title":"Nancy Opel","text":"Nancy Opel Nancy Carol Opel (born c. 1957) is an American singer and actress. She grew up in the Kansas communities of Prairie Village and Leawood, and graduated from Shawnee Mission East High School. She trained at Juilliard. She was nominated for the 2002 Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her performance as Penelope Pennywise in \"Urinetown\". She has appeared on Broadway in \"Evita\" (1979), \"Teddy & Alice\" (1987), \"Sunday in the Park with George\" as Frieda, Betty (1984), \"Anything Goes\" (replacement Hope Harcourt), \"Triumph of Love\" (1997) as Corine \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2004) as","psg_id":"8950858"},{"title":"Nancy Castiglione","text":"Nancy Castiglione Nancy Castiglione (born Nancy Jane Castiglione on February 24, 1981 in Canada) is a half Italian and half Filipina actress and singer in the Philippines. She was linked to Filipino actor Luis Manzano and Hayden Kho. She gave birth to fraternal twins named Matteo and Joaquin. GMA 7 contracted and launched her as one of the mainstream actresses in the TV series, Sana Ay Ikaw Na Nga of Dingdong Dantes and Tanya Garcia. Her exemplary acting performance qualified her for the award as Best New Female Actress in the Star Awards. After taking some hiatus from limelight, Nancy","psg_id":"16296203"},{"title":"What She Does Best","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","psg_id":"10945154"},{"title":"Nancy Hayton","text":"bitchy comeback for everyone\". She explained that Nancy \"says that you don’t have to be the skinny blonde or the skinny brunette, you can be the one who does whatever the hell she likes\". After the character had gone through certain transformations, the actress spoke about these changes saying: \"Nancy's gone full circle and she's had the chance to become a whole character, rather than just one who has no end of tragedy and no end of silly affairs\". Fox has said that her character is \"a control freak. Nancy has very definite ideas of what she wants and what","psg_id":"6741145"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"team, Cartwright continued training as a voice actress with Butler. She recalled, \"every Sunday I'd take a 20-minute bus ride to his house in Beverly Hills for a one-hour lesson and be there for four hours ... They had four sons, they didn't have a daughter and I kind of fitted in as the baby of the family.\" Butler introduced her to many of the voice actors and directors at Hanna-Barbera. After she met the director Gordon Hunt, he asked her to audition for a recurring role as Gloria in \"Richie Rich\". She received the part, and later worked with","psg_id":"1068618"},{"title":"1957 Birthday Honours","text":"1957 Birthday Honours The Queen's Birthday Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published on 4 June 1957 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and to members of the British Armed Forces in recognition of distinguished and gallant services in the Operations in the Near East, October–December 1956. The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before","psg_id":"17383233"},{"title":"Nancy Valen","text":"turned real life detectives. Since October 1994, Valen has been married to Nels Van Patten (son of actor Dick Van Patten). Nancy Valen Nancy Valen (born December 16, 1965) is an American actress and television producer. She is best known for portraying Captain Samantha Thomas on \"Baywatch\". Nancy Valen was born in Brooklyn, New York and raised in Hallandale, Florida. By the time she was 12 years old, she was spending summers modeling in New York City and studied acting at Uta Hagen's HB Studios. After graduating from a performing arts high school in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, Valen won a","psg_id":"7247716"},{"title":"Nancy Parsons","text":"wife and daughters to South Pasadena, California. Nancy Parsons died January 5, 2001, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, aged 58, from diabetes and congestive heart failure. She was survived by her two daughters. Nancy Parsons Nancy Anne Parsons (January 17, 1942 – January 5, 2001) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Beulah Balbricker in the 1982 cult film \"Porky's\" and its sequels, as well as Ida in \"Motel Hell\" (1980). Parsons made guest appearances in several TV shows, including \"Remington Steele\", \"Baretta\", \"Charlie's Angels\", \"The Rockford Files\", \"Lou Grant\", \"Family Ties\", and \"\". Parsons was","psg_id":"5399118"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"were spun off into a half-hour show called \"The Simpsons\". For her subsequent work as Bart, Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation in 1995. Besides \"The Simpsons\", Cartwright has also voiced numerous other animated characters, including Daffney Gillfin in \"The Snorks\", Rufus in \"Kim Possible\", Mindy in \"Animaniacs\", Pistol in \"Goof Troop\", Margo Sherman in \"The Critic\", Todd Daring in \"The Replacements\", and Charles \"Chuckie\" Finster, Jr. in \"Rugrats\" and \"All Grown Up!\" (a role she assumed in 2002, following the","psg_id":"1068613"},{"title":"Nancy Beatty","text":"Verlin\", \"Life with Billy\", \"The Confessor\", \"Casino Jack\", \"Lars and the Real Girl\", \"The Shipping News\" and \"For Those Who Hunt the Wounded Down\". She garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Actress at the 15th Genie Awards in 1994 for \"Henry & Verlin\". On television, she appeared in \"The Newsroom\" and \"Foolish Heart\", and garnered a Gemini Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Guest Role in a Dramatic Series for an appearance on \"This Is Wonderland\". Nancy Beatty Nancy Beatty is a Canadian actress. Best known as a stage actress, she has also appeared in","psg_id":"19256161"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)","text":"either singular or generic form. The fundamental role (or better, roles) played by causation in scientific practice is undeniable; what Cartwright does, then, is reconfigure empiricism from the ground up based on this insight. In the reconfiguration process, many mainstays of the received view of science take a beating; especially [...] the fundamentality of laws of nature. Cartwright served as the president of the Philosophy of Science Association (2009–10) and as vice-president (2007–8) and president (2008–9) of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association. She is Professor Emeritus at the London School of Economics. She is also Fellow of","psg_id":"4834024"},{"title":"Saturn Award for Best Actress","text":"won it twice. Portman is also the only actress to win both the Saturn Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress for the same film, while Weaver holds the record for most nominations for playing the same character (Ellen Ripley) with four. Legend: \"†\" indicates an Academy Award-winning performance in the same category. \"‡\" indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance in the same category. \"§\" indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance for Best Supporting Actress Saturn Award for Best Actress The Saturn Award for Best Actress is one of the annual Saturn Awards given by the American professional organization, the Academy","psg_id":"2690976"},{"title":"For the Love of Nancy","text":"For the Love of Nancy For the Love of Nancy is a 1994 television film directed by Paul Schneider. The film, based on a true story, deals with anorexia nervosa. Lead actress Tracey Gold was actually recovering from the disease while making the movie and used her own life experience for the portrayal of Nancy. Nancy Walsh is a high school graduate who is apprehensive about the future. After losing weight after having her wisdom teeth removed, Nancy notices changes in her body and becomes obsessed with her physical appearance. When she begins college, she becomes withdrawn and remains conscious","psg_id":"13455332"},{"title":"Rianti Cartwright","text":"runs her own spa and cafe business. Rianti Cartwright Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright (born 22 September 1983 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia) is Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. She's best known for her leading role as 'Aisha' in a romantic religious Indonesian hit movie \"Ayat-Ayat Cinta\" (\"Verses of Love\") in 2008 and become a VJ for MTV Indonesia since 2005. Cartwright was born of a British father and Sundanese mother. She's the youngest of two children (in addition to an older brother). Cartwright was born a Muslim and is trilingual (Indonesian, Sundanese and English). At the age of five her","psg_id":"14368691"},{"title":"Rianti Cartwright","text":"Rianti Cartwright Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright (born 22 September 1983 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia) is Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. She's best known for her leading role as 'Aisha' in a romantic religious Indonesian hit movie \"Ayat-Ayat Cinta\" (\"Verses of Love\") in 2008 and become a VJ for MTV Indonesia since 2005. Cartwright was born of a British father and Sundanese mother. She's the youngest of two children (in addition to an older brother). Cartwright was born a Muslim and is trilingual (Indonesian, Sundanese and English). At the age of five her family moved to England until her teens,","psg_id":"14368688"},{"title":"Clémentine Célarié","text":"Clémentine Célarié Clémentine Célarié (born 12 October 1957) is a French actress, comedian, writer, director and singer. She was born as Myriem Célarié in Dakar in what was then the French colony of Senegal on 12 October 1957. After passing her Baccalaureate, she spent a year living in the United States. Back in France, she took acting lessons and became an actress. She has three sons, Abraham, Gustave and Balthazar. She lives in Aix-en-Provence. In 1994 on the set of a TV Show for Sidaction, after Christopher Dechavanne recalled the risky practices of contamination, she kissed the young man with","psg_id":"15324596"},{"title":"Lorna Cartwright","text":"Janet Dibley has since been complimentary about her role in \"EastEnders\". In 2006 she commented, \"It was a great part…[Lorna] wreaked havoc and left.\" Lorna Cartwright Lorna Cartwright is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Janet Dibley intermittently between 31 July 1997 and 23 April 1998. Lorna was introduced primarily as a catalyst to break up Phil Mitchell's (Steve McFadden) marriage to Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). Although producers reportedly wanted to develop the character further, actress Janet Dibley declined their offer of an extended contract, as she disagreed with a proposed storyline that would see","psg_id":"11156678"},{"title":"Lorna Cartwright","text":"Lorna Cartwright Lorna Cartwright is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Janet Dibley intermittently between 31 July 1997 and 23 April 1998. Lorna was introduced primarily as a catalyst to break up Phil Mitchell's (Steve McFadden) marriage to Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). Although producers reportedly wanted to develop the character further, actress Janet Dibley declined their offer of an extended contract, as she disagreed with a proposed storyline that would see Lorna gang raped. The character returned on 17 March 2016, as part of Phil's cirrhosis storyline Lorna is an alcoholic who Phil Mitchell (Steve","psg_id":"11156660"},{"title":"Nancy Brilli","text":"director Nino Manfredi. Previously she had a relationship with the songwriter Ivano Fossati. In 1994 she underwent the removal of an ovarian cancer. She is a niece of the racing driver Gastone Brilli-Peri. Nancy Brilli Nicoletta Brilli (born 10 April 1964), best known as Nancy Brilli, is an Italian film, television and stage actress. Born in Rome, of Ukrainian ancestry, Nancy Brilli was introduced in cinema by Pasquale Squitieri, making her debut in a role of note in \"Claretta\" (1984). In 1990 she won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category","psg_id":"16269290"},{"title":"César Award for Best Actress","text":"Artist\" (2012). Five actresses have received nominations for both the César Award for Best Actress and the Academy Award for Best Actress: Cotillard is the only woman to have won a Best Actress César and Oscar for the same performance. The other actress to have won both awards is Simone Signoret, but she did it with two different films. Bérénice Bejo is the only actress to have been nominated for the César Award for Best Actress and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, in 2012 for The Artist; she won the César but lost the Oscar. Juliette Binoche is","psg_id":"3856904"},{"title":"Nancy Allen (actress)","text":"Cancer Support Center, which was founded by her longtime friend and \"I Wanna Hold Your Hand\" and \"1941\" co-star, actress Wendie Jo Sperber, and attended the annual Wendie Jo Sperber Celebrity Golf Classic. Of her work at weSpark, she said: \"That is what I do. That is what my life is dedicated to. I'm there, I run it. I've created the whole program format and I fundraise. It is my life's work.\" 1995 Broadway production of the play by Frederick Knott, became the basis for the film of the same name. It starred John James as Tony Wendice, Nancy Allen","psg_id":"5283650"},{"title":"Nancy Parsons","text":"Nancy Parsons Nancy Anne Parsons (January 17, 1942 – January 5, 2001) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Beulah Balbricker in the 1982 cult film \"Porky's\" and its sequels, as well as Ida in \"Motel Hell\" (1980). Parsons made guest appearances in several TV shows, including \"Remington Steele\", \"Baretta\", \"Charlie's Angels\", \"The Rockford Files\", \"Lou Grant\", \"Family Ties\", and \"\". Parsons was born in Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, to Mary and Charles Parsons. She had two sisters, Mary and Theresa. When she was seventeen, her father remarried, to Genevieve Stack, and relocated with his second","psg_id":"5399117"},{"title":"Matt Cartwright","text":"its first attack TV ad against Cartwright. The ad focuses on Cartwright being late in paying taxes, while painting him side-by-side with Minority Leader, Rep. Nancy Pelosi in wanting to raise taxes. Cartwright was re-elected with 54.5% of the vote. He is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, the United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus, the Veterinary Medicine Caucus and the Climate Solutions Caucus. In September 2018, Cartwright introduced a bill called the Coal Royalty Fairness and Communities Investment Act of 2018. The legislation would give $70 million to struggling historic coal communities for the purpose of building their","psg_id":"16572369"},{"title":"Nancy Sullivan (English actress)","text":"Nancy Sullivan (English actress) Nancy Sullivan (born 1986) is a British actress and singer. Nancy was born in Bermondsey where she grew up with her family, the eldest of three children. She trained at the BRIT School and then continued her training at the London School of Musical Theatre. She graduated in 2004 and began to audition and start her career. Her first job was working for Andrew Lloyd Webber at his prestigious Sydmonton Festival (2005), playing the role of Jenny in the world premier of \"The Likes Of Us\". This was the first show Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd","psg_id":"12640965"},{"title":"Nancy Barrett","text":"Nancy Barrett Nancy Barrett, (born October 5, 1943) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Carolyn Stoddard (among other characters) in the popular 1960s gothic soap opera \"Dark Shadows\". Barrett was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, but most of her early life was spent in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. After completing high school, she entered Baylor University in Waco, Texas, but she spent her final year of college at UCLA in Los Angeles, California. After graduating from UCLA, she married Ralph Pine, her agent. The couple moved to New York City, New York, where she landed the role","psg_id":"3841598"},{"title":"For the Love of Nancy","text":"sends Nancy back to the hospital where Nancy admits having anorexia nervosa and in the end gains weight and starts to regain a normal life. She now feels open to talk about her anorexia. For the Love of Nancy For the Love of Nancy is a 1994 television film directed by Paul Schneider. The film, based on a true story, deals with anorexia nervosa. Lead actress Tracey Gold was actually recovering from the disease while making the movie and used her own life experience for the portrayal of Nancy. Nancy Walsh is a high school graduate who is apprehensive about","psg_id":"13455337"},{"title":"Nancy Andrews (actress)","text":"Nancy Andrews (actress) Nancy Andrews (December 16, 1920 – July 29, 1989) was an American stage and film actress and singer. Nancy Andrews was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on December 16, 1920. Her parents were James Currier Andrews and Grace Ella Andrews (née Gerrish). She attended Beverly Hills High School and the Los Angeles City College. She also studied at the Pasadena Playhouse and the American Shakespeare Academy. Nancy Andrews started her career as a cabaret singer and pianist. Her first stage appearance was in 1938 in a production of \"The Merry Wives of Windsor\" at the Beverly Hills Shakespeare","psg_id":"13459448"},{"title":"Nancy Andrews (actress)","text":"68 at the St. John's Hospital in Queens. Nancy Andrews (actress) Nancy Andrews (December 16, 1920 – July 29, 1989) was an American stage and film actress and singer. Nancy Andrews was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on December 16, 1920. Her parents were James Currier Andrews and Grace Ella Andrews (née Gerrish). She attended Beverly Hills High School and the Los Angeles City College. She also studied at the Pasadena Playhouse and the American Shakespeare Academy. Nancy Andrews started her career as a cabaret singer and pianist. Her first stage appearance was in 1938 in a production of \"The Merry","psg_id":"13459451"},{"title":"Allison Williams (actress)","text":"Allison Williams (actress) Allison Howell Williams (born April 13, 1988) is an American actress, comedian, and singer. She is best known for her role as Marnie Michaels on the HBO comedy-drama series \"Girls\" and her critically acclaimed performance in the 2017 horror film \"Get Out\". Williams was born and raised in New Canaan, Connecticut, the daughter of former \"NBC Nightly News\" anchor and managing editor Brian Williams and TV producer Jane Gillan Stoddard. She has a brother, Doug, three years her junior. She attended New Canaan Country School and Greenwich Academy, then graduated from Yale University. While at Yale, Williams","psg_id":"16178754"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"Hunt on several other projects. At the end of 1980, Cartwright signed with a talent agency and landed a lead role in a pilot for a sitcom called \"In Trouble\". Cartwright described the show as \"forgettable, but it jump-started my on-camera career\". She graduated from UCLA in 1981 with a degree in theater. During the summer, Cartwright worked with Jonathan Winters as part of an improvisation troupe at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. Returning to Los Angeles, Cartwright won the lead role in the television movie \"Marian Rose White\". Janet Maslin, a critic for \"The New York Times\", described Cartwright","psg_id":"1068619"},{"title":"Nancy Brilli","text":"Nancy Brilli Nicoletta Brilli (born 10 April 1964), best known as Nancy Brilli, is an Italian film, television and stage actress. Born in Rome, of Ukrainian ancestry, Nancy Brilli was introduced in cinema by Pasquale Squitieri, making her debut in a role of note in \"Claretta\" (1984). In 1990 she won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category for the role of Sophie in \"Little Misunderstandings\". Nancy Brilli was married for two years to actor Massimo Ghini and later, again for two years, to director Luca Manfredi, son of actor and","psg_id":"16269289"},{"title":"Nancy Sullivan (American actress)","text":"commercials including some recent ones for the Price Chopper supermarket chain and the Consumer Cellular wireless carrier Nancy Sullivan (American actress) Nancy Sullivan is an American actress, television presenter, and screenwriter. She is a comedy actress and received improvisation training as a member of The Groundlings in San Jose. She played Audrey Parker-Nichols in the hit Nickelodeon sitcom \"Drake & Josh\". On \"The Amanda Show\", she played various characters such as Marcy Stimple, Mrs. Klutz, Ms. DeBoat, and other various teachers, as well as customers for \"Blockblister\" and \"...Dooper\" sketches. She studied acting and dance at the University of Utah.","psg_id":"3230262"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"to Cartwright, as she had previously used elements of it in \"My Little Pony\", \"Snorks\", and \"Pound Puppies\". Cartwright describes Bart's voice as easy to perform compared with other characters. The recording of the shorts was often primitive; the dialog was recorded on a portable tape deck in a makeshift studio above the bleachers on the set of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\". Cartwright, the only cast member to have been professionally trained in voice acting, described the sessions as \"great fun\". However, she wanted to appear in the live-action sketches and occasionally showed up for recording sessions early, hoping to","psg_id":"1068626"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"and entertaining, but not really a 'must see' even for Simpsons fans\". Cartwright has shown an interest in stock car racing and as of 2007 was seeking a NASCAR license. In 2001, she founded a production company called SportsBlast and created an online animated series called \"The Kellys\". The series is focused on racing; Cartwright voices a seven-year-old named Chip Kelly. In 2016, Cartwright launched Spotted Cow Entertainment, her own film and television production company, with Peter Kjenaas, Monica Gil and Kevin Burke. With a focus on international audiences, Spotted Cow is seeking \"to finance, produce and acquire live action","psg_id":"1068636"},{"title":"What Maisie Knew (film)","text":"and Lincoln instead. After shouting at her, Susanna realizes that Maisie is scared of her and that it is in Maisie's best interests to stay behind. \"What Maisie Knew\" was written by Carroll Cartwright and Nancy Doyne in 1995, based on the 1897 novel \"What Maisie Knew\" by Henry James. At the time, Cartwright was involved in a legal dispute over the custody of his daughter. Director Scott McGehee later said that Cartwright had used James' novel \"as a lens\" through which to write about his own divorce and raising his daughter. According to Cartwright, he and Doyne struggled to","psg_id":"16456161"},{"title":"Nancy Carell","text":"alumni, went on to join the cast of \"Saturday Night Live\" (1995–96), where she was best known for her impression of CNN anchor Bobbie Battista. She later held a correspondent position on the satirical TV news program \"The Daily Show\". She voiced the character of Helen Goode on the Mike Judge-created animated series \"The Goode Family\" on ABC, where she was credited for the first time as Nancy Carell instead of Nancy Walls. Carell occasionally guest-starred on \"The Office\", which starred her husband Steve Carell until 2011, as Carole Stills, a real estate agent and former girlfriend of her husband's","psg_id":"6683436"},{"title":"Nancy Carroll (British actress)","text":"Nancy Carroll (British actress) Nancy Carroll (born 28 November 1974 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) is an English actress. She has worked extensively in theatre productions, particularly with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She also has numerous film and television credits, including a long-running feature role in the BBC series \"Father Brown\". Nancy Carroll grew up in Herne Hill in south London, and attended Alleyn's School where she was an enthusiastic participant in student theatre. She trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, from which she graduated in June 1998. Right after graduation, she landed a small part in the","psg_id":"10201626"},{"title":"Nancy Isime","text":"the Year. Nancy Isime Nancy Isime (born December 17, 1991) is a Nigerian actress, model and media personality. In 2009 she won the Miss Valentine International beauty pageant, and began a career as an actress in the TV series \"Echoes\" in 2011. She has since appeared in several films and is known for presenting gossip show \"The Squeeze\" and technology show \"What’s Hot\". In 2016 she replaced Toke Makinwa as the presenter of the popular show \"Trending\" on HipTV. Isime was born in Edo State. She studied for a course in Social Work for two years at the University of","psg_id":"19784542"},{"title":"Nancy Isime","text":"Nancy Isime Nancy Isime (born December 17, 1991) is a Nigerian actress, model and media personality. In 2009 she won the Miss Valentine International beauty pageant, and began a career as an actress in the TV series \"Echoes\" in 2011. She has since appeared in several films and is known for presenting gossip show \"The Squeeze\" and technology show \"What’s Hot\". In 2016 she replaced Toke Makinwa as the presenter of the popular show \"Trending\" on HipTV. Isime was born in Edo State. She studied for a course in Social Work for two years at the University of Lagos. In","psg_id":"19784539"},{"title":"Lynn Hamilton (actress)","text":"Lynn Hamilton (actress) Lynn Hamilton (born April 25, 1930) is an American former actress. Making her acting debut in 1959 with a role in John Cassavetes' \"Shadows\", Hamilton is perhaps best known for her role as Donna Harris; Fred's girlfriend later turned fiance on the sitcom \"Sanford and Son\" which originally aired from 1972 until 1977. Hamilton was born in Mississippi to a mother named Nancy and later moved to Chicago Heights, Illinois when she was four years old. She attended Bloom High School. She studied acting at Goodman Theatre. She began her career in community theatre in Chicago before","psg_id":"5139552"},{"title":"Nancy Sullivan (American actress)","text":"Nancy Sullivan (American actress) Nancy Sullivan is an American actress, television presenter, and screenwriter. She is a comedy actress and received improvisation training as a member of The Groundlings in San Jose. She played Audrey Parker-Nichols in the hit Nickelodeon sitcom \"Drake & Josh\". On \"The Amanda Show\", she played various characters such as Marcy Stimple, Mrs. Klutz, Ms. DeBoat, and other various teachers, as well as customers for \"Blockblister\" and \"...Dooper\" sketches. She studied acting and dance at the University of Utah. Her role models are Lucille Ball, Tracey Ullman and Carol Burnett. Sullivan has also appeared in many","psg_id":"3230261"},{"title":"Nancy Cartwright","text":"Salaries were re-negotiated in 2008 with the voice actors receiving approximately $400,000 per episode. Three years later, with Fox threatening to cancel the series unless production costs were cut, Cartwright and the other cast members accepted a 25 percent pay cut, down to just over $300,000 per episode. In addition to her work on \"The Simpsons\", Cartwright has voiced many other characters on several animated series, including Chuckie Finster in \"Rugrats\" and \"All Grown Up!\", Margo Sherman in \"The Critic\", Mindy in \"Animaniacs,\" and Rufus the naked mole-rat in \"Kim Possible\". For the role of Rufus, Cartwright researched mole-rats extensively,","psg_id":"1068632"},{"title":"Nancy Everhard","text":"Nancy Everhard Nancy Everhard (born November 30, 1957) is an American actress. Everhard was born in Wadsworth, Ohio. She debuted in a small supporting role in the 1982 TV movie \"Born Beautiful\". After numerous guest appearances in television series, she appeared in 1989 in the horror movie \"Demonstone\" next to Jan-Michael Vincent in a larger role. In the sci-fi horror film \"Deep Star Six\" (1989), she played a woman in the crew of an underwater station that survived the attack of a monster. In the action film \"The Punisher\" (1989), she appeared alongside Dolph Lundgren, Louis Gossett, Jr. and Jeroen","psg_id":"15116051"},{"title":"Nancy Barrett","text":"Throughout that decade, she appeared on numerous soaps, including \"The Doctors\", \"One Life to Live\", \"Somerset\", and \"Ryan's Hope\". She made her last onscreen appearance in 1986's \"Belizaire the Cajun\". In 2009, she reprised her role of Carolyn in the audio drama \"Curse of the Pharaoh\". Barrett's husband, the aforementioned Harold Kaplan, died in late 1997. Since his passing, she has appeared in the New York production of Francis Patrelle's \"The Yorkville Nutcracker\", marking her ballet debut. Nancy Barrett Nancy Barrett, (born October 5, 1943) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Carolyn Stoddard (among","psg_id":"3841600"},{"title":"Jessica Williams (actress)","text":"\"Daily Show\" episode on June 30, 2016. She is the star of the 2017 Netflix comedy movie \"The Incredible Jessica James\", in which she portrays a character whom the Guardian described as \"a struggling Brooklyn-based playwright navigating the murky waters of modern romance while waiting impatiently for her big break.\" She will appear in the sequel to \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\", titled \"\", as Professor Eulalie \"Lally\" Hicks, a teacher from the Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Jessica Williams (actress) Jessica Renee Williams (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress and comedian best known for","psg_id":"16231298"},{"title":"César Award for Best Actress","text":"individual nomination by category. Eight women have won both the César Award for Best Actress and the César Award for Best Supporting Actress: Nathalie Baye is the only actress with multiple wins in both categories. She is also the only performer to have won an acting César in three consecutive years, in 1981, 1982 and 1983. Three films have received both accolades: \"One Deadly Summer\" in 1984 (Best Actress to Isabelle Adjani, Best Supporting Actress to Suzanne Flon), \"Indochine\" in 1993 (Best Actress to Catherine Deneuve, Best Supporting Actress to Dominique Blanc) and \"Queen Margot\" in 1995 (Best Actress to","psg_id":"3856899"},{"title":"Nancy Frangione","text":"Nancy Frangione Nancy Frangione (born July 10, 1953 in Barnstable, Massachusetts) is an American soap opera actress. She is a graduate of Barnstable High School. Frangione debuted on soap operas in 1977, playing the role of Tara Martin on \"All My Children\"; Frangione departed that role in 1979. She is best known for her role as the scheming villainess Cecile DePoulignac on \"Another World\", which she played from June 1981 to November 1984 winning the 1st Soap Opera Digest Awards as \"Outstanding Villainess\" in 1984. She reprised the role four times, in 1986, 1989, 1993, and from October 1995 to","psg_id":"6901444"},{"title":"British Academy Television Award for Best Actress","text":"category into Leading Actress and Supporting Actress. This is the list of BAFTA TV Awards for Leading Actress. The following people have been awarded the British Academy Television Award for Actress multiple times: 4 wins 3 wins 2 wins The following people have been nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Actress multiple times: 7 nominations 6 nominations 4 nominations 3 nominations 2 nominations British Academy Television Award for Best Actress This is a list of the British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress. The British Academy Television Awards began in 1955. The Best Actress award was initially given","psg_id":"12248516"},{"title":"Nancy Hayton","text":"in ruining Darren’s life. Darren and Mandy begin a proper relationship and Sienna and Kyle take Nancy out. Nancy kisses Kyle to make Darren jealous and he punches Kyle. Nancy calls the police and Darren is arrested but Sienna convinces her to change her statement. Jessica Fox received a nomination in the \"Best Actress\" category at the 2007 British Soap Awards for her portrayal of the character. The following year, Fox rwas again nominated for the \"Best Actress\" award at the British SoapAwards. At the 2008 Inside Soap Awards Fox was nominated in the \"Best Actress\" category. Fox and Dawson","psg_id":"6741215"},{"title":"Nancy Nevinson","text":"and \"Mrs Dalloway\" (1997). In 2001, she moved to Wokingham, to a retirement home funded by the Cinema and Television Benevolent Fund especially for film- and TV-personalities. Nevinson died there on 25 January 2012, aged 93. Nancy Nevinson Nancy Nevinson (26 July 1918 – 25 January 2012) was an India-born English actress. Nevinson was born in Chittagong, East Bengal, British India. Nevison worked on stage, in film and on television. She also dubbed voices for both young and old. She appeared in the films \"Foxhole in Cairo\" (1960), \"Light in the Piazza\" (1962), \"Mrs. Gibbons' Boys\" (1962), \"Ring of Spies\"","psg_id":"16448010"},{"title":"Nancy McKeon","text":"have two daughters, Aurora and Harlow Andrus. Her older brother is actor Philip McKeon. Marco Island Film Festival Prism Awards TV Land Awards Young Artist Awards Nancy McKeon Nancy Justine McKeon (born April 4, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Jo Polniaczek on the NBC sitcom \"The Facts of Life\" and Jinny Exstead on \"The Division\". McKeon and her older brother Philip appeared in numerous commercials. McKeon also appeared on the soap operas \"The Secret Storm\" and \"Another World\". The McKeons moved to Los Angeles in 1975, when Philip won the role of","psg_id":"3427150"},{"title":"TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress","text":"TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress The TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is one of the TVB Anniversary Awards presented annually by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) to recognize an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in Hong Kong television dramas throughout the designated year. This award is usually reserved to be one of the last awards presented, and is one of the most premier and publicized awards of the ceremony. An actress who wins Best Actress is referred to as the TV Queen (視后). The leading contenders of the award, or those who reach","psg_id":"15127632"},{"title":"Nancy Everhard","text":"of the television series \"The Untouchables\". They have three children together. Nancy Everhard Nancy Everhard (born November 30, 1957) is an American actress. Everhard was born in Wadsworth, Ohio. She debuted in a small supporting role in the 1982 TV movie \"Born Beautiful\". After numerous guest appearances in television series, she appeared in 1989 in the horror movie \"Demonstone\" next to Jan-Michael Vincent in a larger role. In the sci-fi horror film \"Deep Star Six\" (1989), she played a woman in the crew of an underwater station that survived the attack of a monster. In the action film \"The Punisher\"","psg_id":"15116053"},{"title":"Nancy Carroll (British actress)","text":"part of an RSC company that went on tour for a week and a half, providing material for Michael Wood's documentary series \"In Search of Shakespeare\" (broadcast 2003), and became engaged nine days after first meeting. Appearances include: Nancy Carroll (British actress) Nancy Carroll (born 28 November 1974 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) is an English actress. She has worked extensively in theatre productions, particularly with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She also has numerous film and television credits, including a long-running feature role in the BBC series \"Father Brown\". Nancy Carroll grew up in Herne Hill in south London, and attended Alleyn's","psg_id":"10201631"},{"title":"Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress","text":"Nighttime was combined into one category which was called Best Young Actress in a Daytime or Nighttime Television Series. In 1987 and 1988, there was no award given. Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress The Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress is one of the Young Artist Awards presented annually by the Young Artist Association to recognize a young actress under the age of 21, who has delivered an outstanding performance in role while working within the daytime industry. The award first took place","psg_id":"17315457"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynn Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Lynn Cartwright Lynn Cartwright (February 27, 1927 – January 2, 2004) was an American character actress known for her performance as the older version of Geena Davis' character, Dottie Hinson, in the 1992 film \\\"A League of Their Own\\\". She was born Doralyn Emma Cartwright in McAlester, Oklahoma, the daughter of U.S. Congressman Wilburn Cartwright and his wife Carrie (née Staggs). Her younger sister, Wilburta (b. 1928-d.2012), was an artist. She was also related to former Oklahoma legislator Buck Cartwright and former Oklahoma Attorney General Jan-Eric Cartwright. Her acting career spanned from 1957 to 1992 and included smaller roles in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3542347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Angela Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Angela Cartwright Angela Margaret Cartwright (born September 9, 1952) is an English-born American actress primarily known for her roles in movies and television. Cartwright is best known in movies as a child actress for her role as Brigitta von Trapp in the Academy Award winning film \\\"The Sound of Music\\\" (1965). On television, she played Linda Williams, the stepdaughter of Danny Williams (played by Danny Thomas) in the 1950s TV series \\\"The Danny Thomas Show\\\", and Penny Robinson, in the 1960s television series \\\"Lost in Space\\\". Her older sister is actress Veronica Cartwright. Angela Cartwright was born in Altrincham, Cheshire,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4389632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Carell\",\n \"text\": \"character, Michael Scott. She also had a brief appearance in the movie \\\"Bridesmaids\\\". Carell and her husband Steve created the TBS comedy series \\\"Angie Tribeca\\\" starring Rashida Jones. The series premiered on January 17, 2016. Carell is married to actor-comedian Steve Carell, whom she met when she was a student in an improvisation class he was teaching at Second City. They have two children: daughter Elisabeth (born in 2001) and son John (born in 2004). Nancy Carell Nancy Ellen Carell (; née Walls; born July 19, 1966) is an American actress, comedian and writer best known for her work on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6683437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Dussault\",\n \"text\": \"She was the first actress to portray the character of Theresa Stemple, the mother of character Jamie Stemple Buchman, in season one of the NBC TV series \\\"Mad About You\\\". Nancy Dussault Nancy Dussault (born June 30, 1936) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role in the sitcom \\\"Too Close for Comfort\\\" (1980–1987). In a career spanning over half a century, Dussault received two Tony Award nominations. Born in Pensacola, Florida, her parents were George Adrian, a naval officer of French-Canadian descent and Sarah Isabel (née Seitz). She grew up as a \\\"Navy junior\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5417607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Walker\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Walker Nancy Walker (May 10, 1922 – March 25, 1992) was an American actress and comedian of stage, screen, and television. She was also a film and television director (such as of \\\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\\\", on which she also made several guest appearances). During her five-decade long career, she may be best remembered for her long-running roles as Mildred on \\\"McMillan & Wife\\\" and Ida Morgenstern, who first appeared on several episodes of \\\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\\\" and later became a prominent recurring character on the spinoff series \\\"Rhoda\\\". Walker was born in 1922 as Anna\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2620855\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"retirement of Christine Cavanaugh). In 2000, she published her autobiography, \\\"My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy\\\", and four years later, adapted it into a one-woman play. In 2017, she wrote and produced the film \\\"In Search of Fellini\\\". Cartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio, on October 25, 1957, the fourth of Frank and Miriam Cartwright's six children. She grew up in Kettering, Ohio, and discovered her talent for voices at an early age. While in the fourth grade at the school of St. Charles Borromeo, she won a school-wide speech competition with her performance of Rudyard Kipling's \\\"How the Camel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)\",\n \"text\": \"the British Academy and member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. She has received honorary degrees from Southern Methodist University and the University of St Andrews as well as a MacArthur Fellowship. In 2016, Cartwright was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS). Nancy Cartwright (philosopher) Nancy Cartwright, Lady Hampshire, (born 24 January 1944) is a philosopher of science and is professor of philosophy at the University of California at San Diego and the University of Durham. Cartwright earned her BSc from the University of Pittsburgh in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher) Nancy Cartwright, Lady Hampshire, (born 24 January 1944) is a philosopher of science and is professor of philosophy at the University of California at San Diego and the University of Durham. Cartwright earned her BSc from the University of Pittsburgh in mathematics and her Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. Her thesis was on the concept of mixture in quantum mechanics. Before taking her current appointments, she taught at the University of Maryland, Stanford University and the London School of Economics. She has held visiting appointments at the University of Oslo, Princeton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"book, she describes Murphy as her \\\"personal laugh track\\\". The couple had two children, Lucy and Jack, before divorcing in 2002. She is the aunt of actress and singer Sabrina Carpenter. Cartwright was raised a Roman Catholic but joined the Church of Scientology in 1991. She was awarded Scientology's Patron Laureate Award after donating $10 million, almost twice her annual salary, to the Church in 2007. Cartwright is a contributor to ASIFA-Hollywood's Animation Archive Project. In September 2007, Cartwright received the Make-a-Wish Foundation's Wish Icon Award \\\"for her tremendous dedication to the Foundation's fundraising and wish-fulfillment efforts\\\". In 2005, Cartwright\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Veronica Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Veronica Cartwright Veronica A. Cartwright (born 20 April 1949) is an English-born American actress who has worked mainly in American film and television in a career spanning six decades. As a child actress, she appeared in supporting roles in \\\"The Children's Hour\\\" and \\\"The Birds\\\". She is perhaps best known for her roles in the science fiction films \\\"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\\\" (1978) and \\\"Alien\\\" (1979), for which she won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. Cartwright was born in Bristol and grew up in Los Angeles, having emigrated to America shortly after the birth of her younger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4391301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Robertson (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Robertson (actress) Nancy Robertson (born 1971) is a Canadian actress, best known for her roles as Wanda Dollard in the Canadian television series \\\"Corner Gas\\\" and Millie Upton in the series \\\"Hiccups\\\". Born in 1971, Robertson was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She studied drama during high school and graduated in 1990. She went on to attend the Breck Academy and The Vancouver Arts Club Theatre Program. Robertson's television career began with the CBC sketch comedy series \\\"The 11th Hour\\\". She later played Harriet Sharpe, a temperamental parking attendant, in the mockumentary film \\\"The Delicate Art of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3255731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynn Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"of dementia on 2 January 2004, aged 76, after having suffered a fall in which she fractured her hip. Her interment was located in Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Lynn Cartwright Lynn Cartwright (February 27, 1927 – January 2, 2004) was an American character actress known for her performance as the older version of Geena Davis' character, Dottie Hinson, in the 1992 film \\\"A League of Their Own\\\". She was born Doralyn Emma Cartwright in McAlester, Oklahoma, the daughter of U.S. Congressman Wilburn Cartwright and his wife Carrie (née Staggs). Her younger sister, Wilburta (b. 1928-d.2012), was an artist. She was also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3542349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Angela Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"England, in 1952. She made her first film appearance at the age of three years as Paul Newman's daughter in \\\"Somebody Up There Likes Me\\\" (1956), and appeared with Rock Hudson and Sidney Poitier in \\\"Something of Value\\\" (1957). After moving to the United States, Cartwright appeared for seven seasons in the CBS TV series \\\"The Danny Thomas Show\\\", opposite comedian Danny Thomas. She remained close to Thomas after the series cancellation, until his death on February 6, 1991. Cartwright returned to Europe to play the role of Brigitta von Trapp in \\\"The Sound of Music\\\" (1965). Filmed on location,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4389633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a throat-ripper\\\". Ralph Wiggum had originally been voiced by Jo Ann Harris, but Cartwright was assigned to voice the character in \\\"Bart the Murderer\\\" (season three, 1991). Todd Flanders, the only voice for which Cartwright used another source, is based on Sherman (voiced by Walter Tetley), the boy from \\\"Peabody's Improbable History\\\", a series of shorts aired on \\\"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\\\". Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 for her performance as Bart in the episode \\\"Separate Vocations\\\" and an Annie Award in 1995 for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068630\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peggy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Peggy Cartwright Peggy Cartwright (November 14, 1912 – June 12, 2001) was a Canadian silent film actress perhaps best known for her short stint as the leading lady of the \\\"Our Gang\\\" comedy series during the silent film era. She appeared in four short films released in 1922 (and, possibly, the initial entry of the series, \\\"Our Gang\\\"). Cartwright is confirmed as having starred in these first four \\\"Our Gang\\\" shorts: \\\"One Terrible Day\\\" premiered on September 10, 1922; \\\"Fire Fighters\\\" premiered on October 8, 1922; \\\"Young Sherlocks\\\" premiered on November 26, 1922; and \\\"Saturday Morning\\\" premiered on December 3,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5245479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Robertson (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"28, 2011. Robertson played the role of Principal Moreno in the television movie \\\"Radio Rebel\\\". Robertson is an alumna of the Vancouver TheatreSports League improvisational comedy troupe. On 19 November 2005, Robertson married her \\\"Corner Gas\\\" and \\\"Hiccups\\\" co-star Brent Butt. They live in Vancouver. Nancy Robertson (actress) Nancy Robertson (born 1971) is a Canadian actress, best known for her roles as Wanda Dollard in the Canadian television series \\\"Corner Gas\\\" and Millie Upton in the series \\\"Hiccups\\\". Born in 1971, Robertson was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She studied drama during high school and graduated in 1990.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3255733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Cartwright decided to take a chance on being different and continued walking, leaving the building and returning home. The production crew was confused, but she received the part. In search of more training as an actress, Cartwright joined a class taught by Hollywood coach Milton Katselas. He recommended that Cartwright study \\\"La Strada\\\", a 1956 Italian film starring Giulietta Masina and directed by Federico Fellini. She began performing \\\"every imaginable scene\\\" from \\\"La Strada\\\" in her class and spent several months trying to secure the rights to produce a stage adaptation. She visited Italy with the intention of meeting Fellini\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy McCarthy\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy McCarthy Nancy McCarthy (born June 8, 1937 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American actress perhaps best known for her role as \\\"Bunny\\\" in the original 1963 pilot (unaired until 1992) for \\\"Gilligan's Island\\\". After the \\\"Gilligan's Island\\\" pilot was made, series creator Sherwood Schwartz, after many network problems, decided to make changes, including dropping McCarthy's character. She also appeared in two other unaired TV pilots: \\\"Zelda\\\" with Sheila James and on \\\"The Peter Lorre Playhouse\\\". McCarthy made appearances on a total of eight episodes of other television series, including \\\"My Three Sons\\\", \\\"The Donna Reed Show\\\", \\\"The Many Loves\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17798374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Veronica Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"well as on their second album \\\"Ta-Dah\\\". In 2014, Cartwright reprised her role as Joan Lambert for DLC episodes in \\\"\\\" based on the original film, and appeared in the remake of \\\"The Town That Dreaded Sundown\\\". Veronica Cartwright Veronica A. Cartwright (born 20 April 1949) is an English-born American actress who has worked mainly in American film and television in a career spanning six decades. As a child actress, she appeared in supporting roles in \\\"The Children's Hour\\\" and \\\"The Birds\\\". She is perhaps best known for her roles in the science fiction films \\\"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4391306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Walker\",\n \"text\": \"supported Adlai Stevenson's campaign during the 1952 presidential election Thomas S. Hischak. \\\"The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: theatre, film, and television\\\" (June 2008), Oxford University Press, USA () Nancy Walker Nancy Walker (May 10, 1922 – March 25, 1992) was an American actress and comedian of stage, screen, and television. She was also a film and television director (such as of \\\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\\\", on which she also made several guest appearances). During her five-decade long career, she may be best remembered for her long-running roles as Mildred on \\\"McMillan & Wife\\\" and Ida Morgenstern, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2620871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Liz White (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Liz White (actress) Elizabeth White (born 5 November 1979) is an English actress born in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. She is best known for her role as Annie Cartwright in speculative fiction drama \\\"Life on Mars\\\", which was originally transmitted in 2006 and 2007. She trained at the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts, appearing in the 2003 TV series \\\"Teachers\\\" and the 2004 Mike Leigh's film \\\"Vera Drake\\\". White's other prominent TV roles were in Season One of the ITV show \\\"The Fixer\\\", playing Jess Mercer, the sister of John Mercer. She also played Shannon in \\\"The Empresses' New Clothes\\\", an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7045187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"a chubby, lumbering, slightly cross-eyed actress whose naturalness adds greatly to the film's impact\\\". Cartwright replied by sending Maslin a letter insisting she was not cross-eyed, and included a photograph. Later, Cartwright auditioned for the role of Ethel, a girl who becomes trapped in a cartoon world in the third segment of \\\"\\\". She met with director Joe Dante and later described him as \\\"a total cartoon buff, and once he took a look at my resume and noticed Daws Butler's name on it, we were off and running, sharing anecdotes about Daws and animation. After about twenty minutes,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Carell\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Carell Nancy Ellen Carell (; née Walls; born July 19, 1966) is an American actress, comedian and writer best known for her work on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", \\\"The Daily Show\\\" and \\\"The Office\\\". In 2016, she co-created the TBS comedy series \\\"Angie Tribeca\\\" with her husband, Steve Carell. Carell was born and raised in Cohasset, Massachusetts. She attended Boston College where she graduated in 1988. While a student at BC, she was a member of the improvisational troupe \\\"My Mother's Fleabag.\\\" Carell got her start in comedy at The Second City in Chicago and, like many of the troupe's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6683435\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peggy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Cartwright died shortly thereafter, in 2001. She and Walker, a United States Army World War I veteran, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California. Peggy Cartwright Peggy Cartwright (November 14, 1912 – June 12, 2001) was a Canadian silent film actress perhaps best known for her short stint as the leading lady of the \\\"Our Gang\\\" comedy series during the silent film era. She appeared in four short films released in 1922 (and, possibly, the initial entry of the series, \\\"Our Gang\\\"). Cartwright is confirmed as having starred in these first four \\\"Our Gang\\\" shorts: \\\"One Terrible Day\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5245483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Stafford\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Stafford Nancy Elizabeth Stafford (born June 5, 1954) is an American actress, speaker and author, known for her roles on television. She came to prominence in the 1980s as Michelle Thomas, law partner and friend of the title character on five seasons of \\\"Matlock\\\". She later hosted a syndicated TV series called \\\"Main Floor\\\" (1995–2005), a show about fashion and beauty. Nancy Elizabeth Stafford was born in Wilton Manors, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale, in 1954, where she was raised as a Southern Baptist. She graduated from the University of Florida with a Bachelor of Arts degree in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5795346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Angela Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"below. \\\"Pasticcio quartz\\\" is a bi-annual journal written and published by Sarah Fishburn and Angela Cartwright. Issue Number 1 was 52, full-color glossy 8.5 by 8.5 inch, pages and was published on July 23, 2007. The most current, 60 page issue (Number 15: January 10, 2014), retains the size and full-color attributes. Angela Cartwright Angela Margaret Cartwright (born September 9, 1952) is an English-born American actress primarily known for her roles in movies and television. Cartwright is best known in movies as a child actress for her role as Brigitta von Trapp in the Academy Award winning film \\\"The Sound\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4389636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown\",\n \"text\": \"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown is the 38th animated TV special based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\". It is one of two direct-to-video \\\"Peanuts\\\" specials that have yet to air on U.S. TV (the other is \\\"It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown\\\"). The special begins with Linus roller-skating all over town. On his way back from a birthday party, he passes by a garden where he hears someone singing (\\\"O Mio Babbino Caro\\\") As he enters the garden, he learns that a little girl\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7918822\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Stafford\",\n \"text\": \"grandson. Her older brother, Tracy Stafford, was a two-term Mayor of Wilton Manors, Florida and a five-term member of the Florida House of Representatives. Nancy Stafford Nancy Elizabeth Stafford (born June 5, 1954) is an American actress, speaker and author, known for her roles on television. She came to prominence in the 1980s as Michelle Thomas, law partner and friend of the title character on five seasons of \\\"Matlock\\\". She later hosted a syndicated TV series called \\\"Main Floor\\\" (1995–2005), a show about fashion and beauty. Nancy Elizabeth Stafford was born in Wilton Manors, Florida, a suburb of Ft. Lauderdale,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5795350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Balbirer\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Balbirer Nancy Balbirer (born October 8, 1965) is an American actress, playwright, performance-artist and author, best known for her solo show, \\\"I Slept With Jack Kerouac and Other Stories\\\", and the memoir \\\"Take Your Shirt Off and Cry: A Memoir Of Near-Fame Experiences\\\". Born in New York City, she grew up in Connecticut, later moving to Greenwich Village to attend NYU’s Tisch School of the Arts, where she studied with David Mamet—a period chronicled in Take Your Shirt Off and Cry. After NYU, Balbirer landed a featured role on MTV's first-ever nonmusical program, \\\"Remote Control\\\", playing what she referred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13650821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress\",\n \"text\": \"Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress The Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress is one of the Young Artist Awards presented annually by the Young Artist Association to recognize a young actress under the age of 21, who has delivered an outstanding performance in role while working within the daytime industry. The award first took place in October 1979 at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Universal City, California. In 1983, it was called Best Young Actress in a Daytime Soap. In 1984, Daytime and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17315456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Allen (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"as Margot and Roddy McDowall as Inspector Hubbard. It was run from September 26, 1995, to March 10, 1996, and directed by Edward Hastings. Nancy Allen (actress) Nancy Anne Allen (born June 24, 1950) is an American actress and anti-cancer activist best known for her roles in the films \\\"Carrie\\\" (1976), \\\"RoboCop\\\" (1987), and \\\"Dressed to Kill\\\" (1980), the last of which earned her a Golden Globe nomination. Allen began an acting and modeling career as a child, and from the mid-1970s appeared in small film roles, most notably the anchor of Robert Zemeckis' ensemble comedy \\\"I Wanna Hold Your\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5283651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Guppy\",\n \"text\": \"creator/host/producer of a series of programs focusing on Pacific Northwest arts and culture, first \\\"City a Go Go\\\" on the Seattle Channel and KCTS-TV, and as of 2015, \\\"Art Zone with Nancy Guppy\\\", a weekly television program on the Seattle Channel. In 2015 she produced an art exhibit \\\"Musician: a Portrait Project\\\" at Seattle's newly restored Union Stables, featuring portraits by Ernie Sapiro of 172 prominent figures from the Seattle music scene. Nancy Guppy Nancy Guppy is an American comedian and television personality from Seattle, Washington, U.S. She is perhaps best known from her time as a writer and cast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19039720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Borgenicht\",\n \"text\": \"Voyeur, a parody of Utah politics and culture. Nancy Borgenicht Nancy Borgenicht is an actress who starred in film and on television. She is best known for her role as Mrs. Randall in the 1984 horror movie \\\"Silent Night, Deadly Night\\\". She also appeared in \\\"\\\" (1988) as the woman attendant. Her other film roles include \\\"Tripwire\\\" (1989) and \\\"Neon City\\\" (1992). Nancy starred in the short lived 1990 television series \\\"Teen Angel Returns\\\" as Mrs. Henderson. She has appeared in some television movies like the 1986 TV movie \\\"The Deliberate Stranger\\\" (1986), and many others. She is also co-writer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7461017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Borgenicht\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Borgenicht Nancy Borgenicht is an actress who starred in film and on television. She is best known for her role as Mrs. Randall in the 1984 horror movie \\\"Silent Night, Deadly Night\\\". She also appeared in \\\"\\\" (1988) as the woman attendant. Her other film roles include \\\"Tripwire\\\" (1989) and \\\"Neon City\\\" (1992). Nancy starred in the short lived 1990 television series \\\"Teen Angel Returns\\\" as Mrs. Henderson. She has appeared in some television movies like the 1986 TV movie \\\"The Deliberate Stranger\\\" (1986), and many others. She is also co-writer of the annual Salt Lake City production, Saturday's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7461016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown\",\n \"text\": \"Pied Piper, Charlie Brown\\\"). He died in 2000. This was also the first Peanuts special to be animated using digital ink and paint (though the backgrounds are still done in the classic hand-painted style of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s specials.) It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown is the 38th animated TV special based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\". It is one of two direct-to-video \\\"Peanuts\\\" specials that have yet to air on U.S. TV (the other is \\\"It's the Pied Piper, Charlie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7918826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Allen (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Allen (actress) Nancy Anne Allen (born June 24, 1950) is an American actress and anti-cancer activist best known for her roles in the films \\\"Carrie\\\" (1976), \\\"RoboCop\\\" (1987), and \\\"Dressed to Kill\\\" (1980), the last of which earned her a Golden Globe nomination. Allen began an acting and modeling career as a child, and from the mid-1970s appeared in small film roles, most notably the anchor of Robert Zemeckis' ensemble comedy \\\"I Wanna Hold Your Hand\\\" (1978) and in Steven Spielberg's 1979 comedy \\\"1941\\\". A pivotal supporting role in \\\"Carrie\\\" (1976) brought her recognition, and after marrying the director\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5283639\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Brunning\",\n \"text\": \"and was shot in the Ngai Tuhoe Māori community of Ruatahuna in the central North Island of New Zealand. Nancy Brunning Nancy Brunning is an actress and director who has won awards in film and television and has made a major contribution to the growth of Māori in the arts. Her accolades include Best Actress awards on stage and screen. She won Best Actress at the NZ Film Awards for her lead role in the film \\\"What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?\\\" (1999), the sequel to cult classic \\\"Once Were Warriors\\\". In 2000, she won Best Actress in Drama at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13962680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Brunning\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Brunning Nancy Brunning is an actress and director who has won awards in film and television and has made a major contribution to the growth of Māori in the arts. Her accolades include Best Actress awards on stage and screen. She won Best Actress at the NZ Film Awards for her lead role in the film \\\"What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?\\\" (1999), the sequel to cult classic \\\"Once Were Warriors\\\". In 2000, she won Best Actress in Drama at the New Zealand Television Awards for her lead role in the television series \\\"Nga Tohu\\\". Brunning is of Māori\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13962675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"and animated films, television series, as well as entertainment for digital platforms with budgets up to $15M.\\\" With Spotted Cow, Cartwright made her first film as a screenwriter and producer, \\\"In Search of Fellini\\\", which was released on September 15, 2017. Based on her own journey to Italy in 1985 in a bid to meet the famed director Federico Fellini, the film fulfilled Cartwright's longtime vision of turning her 1995 one-woman play \\\"In Search of Fellini\\\" into a movie. Cartwright met Warren Murphy, 24 years her senior, on her birthday in 1988 and married him two months later. In her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Opel\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Opel Nancy Carol Opel (born c. 1957) is an American singer and actress. She grew up in the Kansas communities of Prairie Village and Leawood, and graduated from Shawnee Mission East High School. She trained at Juilliard. She was nominated for the 2002 Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her performance as Penelope Pennywise in \\\"Urinetown\\\". She has appeared on Broadway in \\\"Evita\\\" (1979), \\\"Teddy & Alice\\\" (1987), \\\"Sunday in the Park with George\\\" as Frieda, Betty (1984), \\\"Anything Goes\\\" (replacement Hope Harcourt), \\\"Triumph of Love\\\" (1997) as Corine \\\"Fiddler on the Roof\\\" (2004) as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8950858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Castiglione\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Castiglione Nancy Castiglione (born Nancy Jane Castiglione on February 24, 1981 in Canada) is a half Italian and half Filipina actress and singer in the Philippines. She was linked to Filipino actor Luis Manzano and Hayden Kho. She gave birth to fraternal twins named Matteo and Joaquin. GMA 7 contracted and launched her as one of the mainstream actresses in the TV series, Sana Ay Ikaw Na Nga of Dingdong Dantes and Tanya Garcia. Her exemplary acting performance qualified her for the award as Best New Female Actress in the Star Awards. After taking some hiatus from limelight, Nancy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16296203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Hayton\",\n \"text\": \"bitchy comeback for everyone\\\". She explained that Nancy \\\"says that you don’t have to be the skinny blonde or the skinny brunette, you can be the one who does whatever the hell she likes\\\". After the character had gone through certain transformations, the actress spoke about these changes saying: \\\"Nancy's gone full circle and she's had the chance to become a whole character, rather than just one who has no end of tragedy and no end of silly affairs\\\". Fox has said that her character is \\\"a control freak. Nancy has very definite ideas of what she wants and what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6741145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"team, Cartwright continued training as a voice actress with Butler. She recalled, \\\"every Sunday I'd take a 20-minute bus ride to his house in Beverly Hills for a one-hour lesson and be there for four hours ... They had four sons, they didn't have a daughter and I kind of fitted in as the baby of the family.\\\" Butler introduced her to many of the voice actors and directors at Hanna-Barbera. After she met the director Gordon Hunt, he asked her to audition for a recurring role as Gloria in \\\"Richie Rich\\\". She received the part, and later worked with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1957 Birthday Honours\",\n \"text\": \"1957 Birthday Honours The Queen's Birthday Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published on 4 June 1957 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and to members of the British Armed Forces in recognition of distinguished and gallant services in the Operations in the Near East, October–December 1956. The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17383233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Valen\",\n \"text\": \"turned real life detectives. Since October 1994, Valen has been married to Nels Van Patten (son of actor Dick Van Patten). Nancy Valen Nancy Valen (born December 16, 1965) is an American actress and television producer. She is best known for portraying Captain Samantha Thomas on \\\"Baywatch\\\". Nancy Valen was born in Brooklyn, New York and raised in Hallandale, Florida. By the time she was 12 years old, she was spending summers modeling in New York City and studied acting at Uta Hagen's HB Studios. After graduating from a performing arts high school in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, Valen won a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7247716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Parsons\",\n \"text\": \"wife and daughters to South Pasadena, California. Nancy Parsons died January 5, 2001, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, aged 58, from diabetes and congestive heart failure. She was survived by her two daughters. Nancy Parsons Nancy Anne Parsons (January 17, 1942 – January 5, 2001) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Beulah Balbricker in the 1982 cult film \\\"Porky's\\\" and its sequels, as well as Ida in \\\"Motel Hell\\\" (1980). Parsons made guest appearances in several TV shows, including \\\"Remington Steele\\\", \\\"Baretta\\\", \\\"Charlie's Angels\\\", \\\"The Rockford Files\\\", \\\"Lou Grant\\\", \\\"Family Ties\\\", and \\\"\\\". Parsons was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5399118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"were spun off into a half-hour show called \\\"The Simpsons\\\". For her subsequent work as Bart, Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation in 1995. Besides \\\"The Simpsons\\\", Cartwright has also voiced numerous other animated characters, including Daffney Gillfin in \\\"The Snorks\\\", Rufus in \\\"Kim Possible\\\", Mindy in \\\"Animaniacs\\\", Pistol in \\\"Goof Troop\\\", Margo Sherman in \\\"The Critic\\\", Todd Daring in \\\"The Replacements\\\", and Charles \\\"Chuckie\\\" Finster, Jr. in \\\"Rugrats\\\" and \\\"All Grown Up!\\\" (a role she assumed in 2002, following the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Beatty\",\n \"text\": \"Verlin\\\", \\\"Life with Billy\\\", \\\"The Confessor\\\", \\\"Casino Jack\\\", \\\"Lars and the Real Girl\\\", \\\"The Shipping News\\\" and \\\"For Those Who Hunt the Wounded Down\\\". She garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Actress at the 15th Genie Awards in 1994 for \\\"Henry & Verlin\\\". On television, she appeared in \\\"The Newsroom\\\" and \\\"Foolish Heart\\\", and garnered a Gemini Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Guest Role in a Dramatic Series for an appearance on \\\"This Is Wonderland\\\". Nancy Beatty Nancy Beatty is a Canadian actress. Best known as a stage actress, she has also appeared in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19256161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)\",\n \"text\": \"either singular or generic form. The fundamental role (or better, roles) played by causation in scientific practice is undeniable; what Cartwright does, then, is reconfigure empiricism from the ground up based on this insight. In the reconfiguration process, many mainstays of the received view of science take a beating; especially [...] the fundamentality of laws of nature. Cartwright served as the president of the Philosophy of Science Association (2009–10) and as vice-president (2007–8) and president (2008–9) of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association. She is Professor Emeritus at the London School of Economics. She is also Fellow of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saturn Award for Best Actress\",\n \"text\": \"won it twice. Portman is also the only actress to win both the Saturn Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress for the same film, while Weaver holds the record for most nominations for playing the same character (Ellen Ripley) with four. Legend: \\\"†\\\" indicates an Academy Award-winning performance in the same category. \\\"‡\\\" indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance in the same category. \\\"§\\\" indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance for Best Supporting Actress Saturn Award for Best Actress The Saturn Award for Best Actress is one of the annual Saturn Awards given by the American professional organization, the Academy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2690976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"For the Love of Nancy\",\n \"text\": \"For the Love of Nancy For the Love of Nancy is a 1994 television film directed by Paul Schneider. The film, based on a true story, deals with anorexia nervosa. Lead actress Tracey Gold was actually recovering from the disease while making the movie and used her own life experience for the portrayal of Nancy. Nancy Walsh is a high school graduate who is apprehensive about the future. After losing weight after having her wisdom teeth removed, Nancy notices changes in her body and becomes obsessed with her physical appearance. When she begins college, she becomes withdrawn and remains conscious\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13455332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rianti Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"runs her own spa and cafe business. Rianti Cartwright Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright (born 22 September 1983 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia) is Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. She's best known for her leading role as 'Aisha' in a romantic religious Indonesian hit movie \\\"Ayat-Ayat Cinta\\\" (\\\"Verses of Love\\\") in 2008 and become a VJ for MTV Indonesia since 2005. Cartwright was born of a British father and Sundanese mother. She's the youngest of two children (in addition to an older brother). Cartwright was born a Muslim and is trilingual (Indonesian, Sundanese and English). At the age of five her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14368691\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rianti Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Rianti Cartwright Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright (born 22 September 1983 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia) is Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. She's best known for her leading role as 'Aisha' in a romantic religious Indonesian hit movie \\\"Ayat-Ayat Cinta\\\" (\\\"Verses of Love\\\") in 2008 and become a VJ for MTV Indonesia since 2005. Cartwright was born of a British father and Sundanese mother. She's the youngest of two children (in addition to an older brother). Cartwright was born a Muslim and is trilingual (Indonesian, Sundanese and English). At the age of five her family moved to England until her teens,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14368688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clémentine Célarié\",\n \"text\": \"Clémentine Célarié Clémentine Célarié (born 12 October 1957) is a French actress, comedian, writer, director and singer. She was born as Myriem Célarié in Dakar in what was then the French colony of Senegal on 12 October 1957. After passing her Baccalaureate, she spent a year living in the United States. Back in France, she took acting lessons and became an actress. She has three sons, Abraham, Gustave and Balthazar. She lives in Aix-en-Provence. In 1994 on the set of a TV Show for Sidaction, after Christopher Dechavanne recalled the risky practices of contamination, she kissed the young man with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15324596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lorna Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Janet Dibley has since been complimentary about her role in \\\"EastEnders\\\". In 2006 she commented, \\\"It was a great part…[Lorna] wreaked havoc and left.\\\" Lorna Cartwright Lorna Cartwright is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\", played by Janet Dibley intermittently between 31 July 1997 and 23 April 1998. Lorna was introduced primarily as a catalyst to break up Phil Mitchell's (Steve McFadden) marriage to Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). Although producers reportedly wanted to develop the character further, actress Janet Dibley declined their offer of an extended contract, as she disagreed with a proposed storyline that would see\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11156678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lorna Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Lorna Cartwright Lorna Cartwright is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\", played by Janet Dibley intermittently between 31 July 1997 and 23 April 1998. Lorna was introduced primarily as a catalyst to break up Phil Mitchell's (Steve McFadden) marriage to Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). Although producers reportedly wanted to develop the character further, actress Janet Dibley declined their offer of an extended contract, as she disagreed with a proposed storyline that would see Lorna gang raped. The character returned on 17 March 2016, as part of Phil's cirrhosis storyline Lorna is an alcoholic who Phil Mitchell (Steve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11156660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Brilli\",\n \"text\": \"director Nino Manfredi. Previously she had a relationship with the songwriter Ivano Fossati. In 1994 she underwent the removal of an ovarian cancer. She is a niece of the racing driver Gastone Brilli-Peri. Nancy Brilli Nicoletta Brilli (born 10 April 1964), best known as Nancy Brilli, is an Italian film, television and stage actress. Born in Rome, of Ukrainian ancestry, Nancy Brilli was introduced in cinema by Pasquale Squitieri, making her debut in a role of note in \\\"Claretta\\\" (1984). In 1990 she won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16269290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"César Award for Best Actress\",\n \"text\": \"Artist\\\" (2012). Five actresses have received nominations for both the César Award for Best Actress and the Academy Award for Best Actress: Cotillard is the only woman to have won a Best Actress César and Oscar for the same performance. The other actress to have won both awards is Simone Signoret, but she did it with two different films. Bérénice Bejo is the only actress to have been nominated for the César Award for Best Actress and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, in 2012 for The Artist; she won the César but lost the Oscar. Juliette Binoche is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3856904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Allen (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Cancer Support Center, which was founded by her longtime friend and \\\"I Wanna Hold Your Hand\\\" and \\\"1941\\\" co-star, actress Wendie Jo Sperber, and attended the annual Wendie Jo Sperber Celebrity Golf Classic. Of her work at weSpark, she said: \\\"That is what I do. That is what my life is dedicated to. I'm there, I run it. I've created the whole program format and I fundraise. It is my life's work.\\\" 1995 Broadway production of the play by Frederick Knott, became the basis for the film of the same name. It starred John James as Tony Wendice, Nancy Allen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5283650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Parsons\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Parsons Nancy Anne Parsons (January 17, 1942 – January 5, 2001) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Beulah Balbricker in the 1982 cult film \\\"Porky's\\\" and its sequels, as well as Ida in \\\"Motel Hell\\\" (1980). Parsons made guest appearances in several TV shows, including \\\"Remington Steele\\\", \\\"Baretta\\\", \\\"Charlie's Angels\\\", \\\"The Rockford Files\\\", \\\"Lou Grant\\\", \\\"Family Ties\\\", and \\\"\\\". Parsons was born in Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, to Mary and Charles Parsons. She had two sisters, Mary and Theresa. When she was seventeen, her father remarried, to Genevieve Stack, and relocated with his second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5399117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Matt Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"its first attack TV ad against Cartwright. The ad focuses on Cartwright being late in paying taxes, while painting him side-by-side with Minority Leader, Rep. Nancy Pelosi in wanting to raise taxes. Cartwright was re-elected with 54.5% of the vote. He is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, the United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus, the Veterinary Medicine Caucus and the Climate Solutions Caucus. In September 2018, Cartwright introduced a bill called the Coal Royalty Fairness and Communities Investment Act of 2018. The legislation would give $70 million to struggling historic coal communities for the purpose of building their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16572369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Sullivan (English actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Sullivan (English actress) Nancy Sullivan (born 1986) is a British actress and singer. Nancy was born in Bermondsey where she grew up with her family, the eldest of three children. She trained at the BRIT School and then continued her training at the London School of Musical Theatre. She graduated in 2004 and began to audition and start her career. Her first job was working for Andrew Lloyd Webber at his prestigious Sydmonton Festival (2005), playing the role of Jenny in the world premier of \\\"The Likes Of Us\\\". This was the first show Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12640965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Barrett\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Barrett Nancy Barrett, (born October 5, 1943) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Carolyn Stoddard (among other characters) in the popular 1960s gothic soap opera \\\"Dark Shadows\\\". Barrett was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, but most of her early life was spent in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. After completing high school, she entered Baylor University in Waco, Texas, but she spent her final year of college at UCLA in Los Angeles, California. After graduating from UCLA, she married Ralph Pine, her agent. The couple moved to New York City, New York, where she landed the role\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3841598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"For the Love of Nancy\",\n \"text\": \"sends Nancy back to the hospital where Nancy admits having anorexia nervosa and in the end gains weight and starts to regain a normal life. She now feels open to talk about her anorexia. For the Love of Nancy For the Love of Nancy is a 1994 television film directed by Paul Schneider. The film, based on a true story, deals with anorexia nervosa. Lead actress Tracey Gold was actually recovering from the disease while making the movie and used her own life experience for the portrayal of Nancy. Nancy Walsh is a high school graduate who is apprehensive about\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13455337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Andrews (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Andrews (actress) Nancy Andrews (December 16, 1920 – July 29, 1989) was an American stage and film actress and singer. Nancy Andrews was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on December 16, 1920. Her parents were James Currier Andrews and Grace Ella Andrews (née Gerrish). She attended Beverly Hills High School and the Los Angeles City College. She also studied at the Pasadena Playhouse and the American Shakespeare Academy. Nancy Andrews started her career as a cabaret singer and pianist. Her first stage appearance was in 1938 in a production of \\\"The Merry Wives of Windsor\\\" at the Beverly Hills Shakespeare\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13459448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Andrews (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"68 at the St. John's Hospital in Queens. Nancy Andrews (actress) Nancy Andrews (December 16, 1920 – July 29, 1989) was an American stage and film actress and singer. Nancy Andrews was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on December 16, 1920. Her parents were James Currier Andrews and Grace Ella Andrews (née Gerrish). She attended Beverly Hills High School and the Los Angeles City College. She also studied at the Pasadena Playhouse and the American Shakespeare Academy. Nancy Andrews started her career as a cabaret singer and pianist. Her first stage appearance was in 1938 in a production of \\\"The Merry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13459451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Allison Williams (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Allison Williams (actress) Allison Howell Williams (born April 13, 1988) is an American actress, comedian, and singer. She is best known for her role as Marnie Michaels on the HBO comedy-drama series \\\"Girls\\\" and her critically acclaimed performance in the 2017 horror film \\\"Get Out\\\". Williams was born and raised in New Canaan, Connecticut, the daughter of former \\\"NBC Nightly News\\\" anchor and managing editor Brian Williams and TV producer Jane Gillan Stoddard. She has a brother, Doug, three years her junior. She attended New Canaan Country School and Greenwich Academy, then graduated from Yale University. While at Yale, Williams\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16178754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Hunt on several other projects. At the end of 1980, Cartwright signed with a talent agency and landed a lead role in a pilot for a sitcom called \\\"In Trouble\\\". Cartwright described the show as \\\"forgettable, but it jump-started my on-camera career\\\". She graduated from UCLA in 1981 with a degree in theater. During the summer, Cartwright worked with Jonathan Winters as part of an improvisation troupe at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. Returning to Los Angeles, Cartwright won the lead role in the television movie \\\"Marian Rose White\\\". Janet Maslin, a critic for \\\"The New York Times\\\", described Cartwright\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Brilli\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Brilli Nicoletta Brilli (born 10 April 1964), best known as Nancy Brilli, is an Italian film, television and stage actress. Born in Rome, of Ukrainian ancestry, Nancy Brilli was introduced in cinema by Pasquale Squitieri, making her debut in a role of note in \\\"Claretta\\\" (1984). In 1990 she won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category for the role of Sophie in \\\"Little Misunderstandings\\\". Nancy Brilli was married for two years to actor Massimo Ghini and later, again for two years, to director Luca Manfredi, son of actor and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16269289\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Sullivan (American actress)\",\n \"text\": \"commercials including some recent ones for the Price Chopper supermarket chain and the Consumer Cellular wireless carrier Nancy Sullivan (American actress) Nancy Sullivan is an American actress, television presenter, and screenwriter. She is a comedy actress and received improvisation training as a member of The Groundlings in San Jose. She played Audrey Parker-Nichols in the hit Nickelodeon sitcom \\\"Drake & Josh\\\". On \\\"The Amanda Show\\\", she played various characters such as Marcy Stimple, Mrs. Klutz, Ms. DeBoat, and other various teachers, as well as customers for \\\"Blockblister\\\" and \\\"...Dooper\\\" sketches. She studied acting and dance at the University of Utah.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3230262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"to Cartwright, as she had previously used elements of it in \\\"My Little Pony\\\", \\\"Snorks\\\", and \\\"Pound Puppies\\\". Cartwright describes Bart's voice as easy to perform compared with other characters. The recording of the shorts was often primitive; the dialog was recorded on a portable tape deck in a makeshift studio above the bleachers on the set of \\\"The Tracey Ullman Show\\\". Cartwright, the only cast member to have been professionally trained in voice acting, described the sessions as \\\"great fun\\\". However, she wanted to appear in the live-action sketches and occasionally showed up for recording sessions early, hoping to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"and entertaining, but not really a 'must see' even for Simpsons fans\\\". Cartwright has shown an interest in stock car racing and as of 2007 was seeking a NASCAR license. In 2001, she founded a production company called SportsBlast and created an online animated series called \\\"The Kellys\\\". The series is focused on racing; Cartwright voices a seven-year-old named Chip Kelly. In 2016, Cartwright launched Spotted Cow Entertainment, her own film and television production company, with Peter Kjenaas, Monica Gil and Kevin Burke. With a focus on international audiences, Spotted Cow is seeking \\\"to finance, produce and acquire live action\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Maisie Knew (film)\",\n \"text\": \"and Lincoln instead. After shouting at her, Susanna realizes that Maisie is scared of her and that it is in Maisie's best interests to stay behind. \\\"What Maisie Knew\\\" was written by Carroll Cartwright and Nancy Doyne in 1995, based on the 1897 novel \\\"What Maisie Knew\\\" by Henry James. At the time, Cartwright was involved in a legal dispute over the custody of his daughter. Director Scott McGehee later said that Cartwright had used James' novel \\\"as a lens\\\" through which to write about his own divorce and raising his daughter. According to Cartwright, he and Doyne struggled to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16456161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Carell\",\n \"text\": \"alumni, went on to join the cast of \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" (1995–96), where she was best known for her impression of CNN anchor Bobbie Battista. She later held a correspondent position on the satirical TV news program \\\"The Daily Show\\\". She voiced the character of Helen Goode on the Mike Judge-created animated series \\\"The Goode Family\\\" on ABC, where she was credited for the first time as Nancy Carell instead of Nancy Walls. Carell occasionally guest-starred on \\\"The Office\\\", which starred her husband Steve Carell until 2011, as Carole Stills, a real estate agent and former girlfriend of her husband's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6683436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Carroll (British actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Carroll (British actress) Nancy Carroll (born 28 November 1974 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) is an English actress. She has worked extensively in theatre productions, particularly with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She also has numerous film and television credits, including a long-running feature role in the BBC series \\\"Father Brown\\\". Nancy Carroll grew up in Herne Hill in south London, and attended Alleyn's School where she was an enthusiastic participant in student theatre. She trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, from which she graduated in June 1998. Right after graduation, she landed a small part in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10201626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Isime\",\n \"text\": \"the Year. Nancy Isime Nancy Isime (born December 17, 1991) is a Nigerian actress, model and media personality. In 2009 she won the Miss Valentine International beauty pageant, and began a career as an actress in the TV series \\\"Echoes\\\" in 2011. She has since appeared in several films and is known for presenting gossip show \\\"The Squeeze\\\" and technology show \\\"What’s Hot\\\". In 2016 she replaced Toke Makinwa as the presenter of the popular show \\\"Trending\\\" on HipTV. Isime was born in Edo State. She studied for a course in Social Work for two years at the University of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19784542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Isime\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Isime Nancy Isime (born December 17, 1991) is a Nigerian actress, model and media personality. In 2009 she won the Miss Valentine International beauty pageant, and began a career as an actress in the TV series \\\"Echoes\\\" in 2011. She has since appeared in several films and is known for presenting gossip show \\\"The Squeeze\\\" and technology show \\\"What’s Hot\\\". In 2016 she replaced Toke Makinwa as the presenter of the popular show \\\"Trending\\\" on HipTV. Isime was born in Edo State. She studied for a course in Social Work for two years at the University of Lagos. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19784539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynn Hamilton (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Lynn Hamilton (actress) Lynn Hamilton (born April 25, 1930) is an American former actress. Making her acting debut in 1959 with a role in John Cassavetes' \\\"Shadows\\\", Hamilton is perhaps best known for her role as Donna Harris; Fred's girlfriend later turned fiance on the sitcom \\\"Sanford and Son\\\" which originally aired from 1972 until 1977. Hamilton was born in Mississippi to a mother named Nancy and later moved to Chicago Heights, Illinois when she was four years old. She attended Bloom High School. She studied acting at Goodman Theatre. She began her career in community theatre in Chicago before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5139552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Sullivan (American actress)\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Sullivan (American actress) Nancy Sullivan is an American actress, television presenter, and screenwriter. She is a comedy actress and received improvisation training as a member of The Groundlings in San Jose. She played Audrey Parker-Nichols in the hit Nickelodeon sitcom \\\"Drake & Josh\\\". On \\\"The Amanda Show\\\", she played various characters such as Marcy Stimple, Mrs. Klutz, Ms. DeBoat, and other various teachers, as well as customers for \\\"Blockblister\\\" and \\\"...Dooper\\\" sketches. She studied acting and dance at the University of Utah. Her role models are Lucille Ball, Tracey Ullman and Carol Burnett. Sullivan has also appeared in many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3230261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\",\n \"text\": \"Salaries were re-negotiated in 2008 with the voice actors receiving approximately $400,000 per episode. Three years later, with Fox threatening to cancel the series unless production costs were cut, Cartwright and the other cast members accepted a 25 percent pay cut, down to just over $300,000 per episode. In addition to her work on \\\"The Simpsons\\\", Cartwright has voiced many other characters on several animated series, including Chuckie Finster in \\\"Rugrats\\\" and \\\"All Grown Up!\\\", Margo Sherman in \\\"The Critic\\\", Mindy in \\\"Animaniacs,\\\" and Rufus the naked mole-rat in \\\"Kim Possible\\\". For the role of Rufus, Cartwright researched mole-rats extensively,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1068632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Everhard\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Everhard Nancy Everhard (born November 30, 1957) is an American actress. Everhard was born in Wadsworth, Ohio. She debuted in a small supporting role in the 1982 TV movie \\\"Born Beautiful\\\". After numerous guest appearances in television series, she appeared in 1989 in the horror movie \\\"Demonstone\\\" next to Jan-Michael Vincent in a larger role. In the sci-fi horror film \\\"Deep Star Six\\\" (1989), she played a woman in the crew of an underwater station that survived the attack of a monster. In the action film \\\"The Punisher\\\" (1989), she appeared alongside Dolph Lundgren, Louis Gossett, Jr. and Jeroen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15116051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Barrett\",\n \"text\": \"Throughout that decade, she appeared on numerous soaps, including \\\"The Doctors\\\", \\\"One Life to Live\\\", \\\"Somerset\\\", and \\\"Ryan's Hope\\\". She made her last onscreen appearance in 1986's \\\"Belizaire the Cajun\\\". In 2009, she reprised her role of Carolyn in the audio drama \\\"Curse of the Pharaoh\\\". Barrett's husband, the aforementioned Harold Kaplan, died in late 1997. Since his passing, she has appeared in the New York production of Francis Patrelle's \\\"The Yorkville Nutcracker\\\", marking her ballet debut. Nancy Barrett Nancy Barrett, (born October 5, 1943) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Carolyn Stoddard (among\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3841600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jessica Williams (actress)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Daily Show\\\" episode on June 30, 2016. She is the star of the 2017 Netflix comedy movie \\\"The Incredible Jessica James\\\", in which she portrays a character whom the Guardian described as \\\"a struggling Brooklyn-based playwright navigating the murky waters of modern romance while waiting impatiently for her big break.\\\" She will appear in the sequel to \\\"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\\\", titled \\\"\\\", as Professor Eulalie \\\"Lally\\\" Hicks, a teacher from the Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Jessica Williams (actress) Jessica Renee Williams (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress and comedian best known for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16231298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"César Award for Best Actress\",\n \"text\": \"individual nomination by category. Eight women have won both the César Award for Best Actress and the César Award for Best Supporting Actress: Nathalie Baye is the only actress with multiple wins in both categories. She is also the only performer to have won an acting César in three consecutive years, in 1981, 1982 and 1983. Three films have received both accolades: \\\"One Deadly Summer\\\" in 1984 (Best Actress to Isabelle Adjani, Best Supporting Actress to Suzanne Flon), \\\"Indochine\\\" in 1993 (Best Actress to Catherine Deneuve, Best Supporting Actress to Dominique Blanc) and \\\"Queen Margot\\\" in 1995 (Best Actress to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3856899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Frangione\",\n \"text\": \"Nancy Frangione Nancy Frangione (born July 10, 1953 in Barnstable, Massachusetts) is an American soap opera actress. She is a graduate of Barnstable High School. Frangione debuted on soap operas in 1977, playing the role of Tara Martin on \\\"All My Children\\\"; Frangione departed that role in 1979. She is best known for her role as the scheming villainess Cecile DePoulignac on \\\"Another World\\\", which she played from June 1981 to November 1984 winning the 1st Soap Opera Digest Awards as \\\"Outstanding Villainess\\\" in 1984. She reprised the role four times, in 1986, 1989, 1993, and from October 1995 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6901444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"British Academy Television Award for Best Actress\",\n \"text\": \"category into Leading Actress and Supporting Actress. This is the list of BAFTA TV Awards for Leading Actress. The following people have been awarded the British Academy Television Award for Actress multiple times: 4 wins 3 wins 2 wins The following people have been nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Actress multiple times: 7 nominations 6 nominations 4 nominations 3 nominations 2 nominations British Academy Television Award for Best Actress This is a list of the British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress. The British Academy Television Awards began in 1955. The Best Actress award was initially given\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12248516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Hayton\",\n \"text\": \"in ruining Darren’s life. Darren and Mandy begin a proper relationship and Sienna and Kyle take Nancy out. Nancy kisses Kyle to make Darren jealous and he punches Kyle. Nancy calls the police and Darren is arrested but Sienna convinces her to change her statement. Jessica Fox received a nomination in the \\\"Best Actress\\\" category at the 2007 British Soap Awards for her portrayal of the character. The following year, Fox rwas again nominated for the \\\"Best Actress\\\" award at the British SoapAwards. At the 2008 Inside Soap Awards Fox was nominated in the \\\"Best Actress\\\" category. Fox and Dawson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6741215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Nevinson\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Mrs Dalloway\\\" (1997). In 2001, she moved to Wokingham, to a retirement home funded by the Cinema and Television Benevolent Fund especially for film- and TV-personalities. Nevinson died there on 25 January 2012, aged 93. Nancy Nevinson Nancy Nevinson (26 July 1918 – 25 January 2012) was an India-born English actress. Nevinson was born in Chittagong, East Bengal, British India. Nevison worked on stage, in film and on television. She also dubbed voices for both young and old. She appeared in the films \\\"Foxhole in Cairo\\\" (1960), \\\"Light in the Piazza\\\" (1962), \\\"Mrs. Gibbons' Boys\\\" (1962), \\\"Ring of Spies\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16448010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy McKeon\",\n \"text\": \"have two daughters, Aurora and Harlow Andrus. Her older brother is actor Philip McKeon. Marco Island Film Festival Prism Awards TV Land Awards Young Artist Awards Nancy McKeon Nancy Justine McKeon (born April 4, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Jo Polniaczek on the NBC sitcom \\\"The Facts of Life\\\" and Jinny Exstead on \\\"The Division\\\". McKeon and her older brother Philip appeared in numerous commercials. McKeon also appeared on the soap operas \\\"The Secret Storm\\\" and \\\"Another World\\\". The McKeons moved to Los Angeles in 1975, when Philip won the role of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3427150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress\",\n \"text\": \"TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress The TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is one of the TVB Anniversary Awards presented annually by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) to recognize an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in Hong Kong television dramas throughout the designated year. This award is usually reserved to be one of the last awards presented, and is one of the most premier and publicized awards of the ceremony. An actress who wins Best Actress is referred to as the TV Queen (視后). The leading contenders of the award, or those who reach\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15127632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Everhard\",\n \"text\": \"of the television series \\\"The Untouchables\\\". They have three children together. Nancy Everhard Nancy Everhard (born November 30, 1957) is an American actress. Everhard was born in Wadsworth, Ohio. She debuted in a small supporting role in the 1982 TV movie \\\"Born Beautiful\\\". After numerous guest appearances in television series, she appeared in 1989 in the horror movie \\\"Demonstone\\\" next to Jan-Michael Vincent in a larger role. In the sci-fi horror film \\\"Deep Star Six\\\" (1989), she played a woman in the crew of an underwater station that survived the attack of a monster. In the action film \\\"The Punisher\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15116053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nancy Carroll (British actress)\",\n \"text\": \"part of an RSC company that went on tour for a week and a half, providing material for Michael Wood's documentary series \\\"In Search of Shakespeare\\\" (broadcast 2003), and became engaged nine days after first meeting. Appearances include: Nancy Carroll (British actress) Nancy Carroll (born 28 November 1974 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) is an English actress. She has worked extensively in theatre productions, particularly with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She also has numerous film and television credits, including a long-running feature role in the BBC series \\\"Father Brown\\\". Nancy Carroll grew up in Herne Hill in south London, and attended Alleyn's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10201631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress\",\n \"text\": \"Nighttime was combined into one category which was called Best Young Actress in a Daytime or Nighttime Television Series. In 1987 and 1988, there was no award given. Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress The Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress is one of the Young Artist Awards presented annually by the Young Artist Association to recognize a young actress under the age of 21, who has delivered an outstanding performance in role while working within the daytime industry. 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question stringlengths 18 1.2k | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
after much anticipation, dick's has announced the location of their newest store. where will the new location be? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Location scouting",
"text": "shows, there will be two Assistant Location Managers that alternate episodes, allowing one to prep an upcoming episode while the other is on set with the current one.) Does much of the actual research, footwork and photography to document location possibilities. Ofte... | [
"edmonds (disambiguation)",
"edmonds"
] |
oct 21, 1797 saw the launch of what famous frigate, the world's oldest commissioned warship, in boston harbor? | [
{
"title": "Port of Boston",
"text": "Revere. The Chelsea River depots also contain facilities handling jet fuel for Logan International Airport. The Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant, whose egg-shaped sludge digesters are major landmarks, ships treated sludge across the harbor by barge for further pr... | [] | [
{
"title": "Winter Harbor 21",
"text": "21s racing once more in Winter Harbor. It took ten more years before the remaining six sloops had been found, restored and returned to Winter Harbor. It's thought that the Winter Harbor 21s are the oldest intact one-design racing sailboat fleet in the United States. W... | [
"uss constitution (ix-21)",
"constitution (vessel)",
"uss constitution",
"uss constitution",
"uss constitution (1797)",
"usf constitution",
"old constitution",
"u.s.s. constitution",
"ship constitution",
"uss constitution",
"uss old constitution"
] |
although the awards ceremony is not until december, the winners of the nobel prizes have been announced. the us has had the most number of recipients with 325. which country ranks second with 115? | [
{
"title": "The Catey Awards",
"text": "took place at the London Hilton on Park Lane, with Grant Hearn, CEO of Travelodge, taking the inaugural Outstanding Contribution to the Industry Award. The Foodservice Cateys launched in 2013 at Park Plaza Westminster Bridge. The Catey Awards The Cateys are a UK award... | [] | [
{
"title": "Have Not Been the Same",
"text": "to Kids Help Phone. In addition, artists including Blue Rodeo and Cowboy Junkies donated band memorabilia, and numerous corporate sponsors donated exclusive prizes, for a fundraising auction on eBay. Have Not Been the Same Have Not Been the Same: The Can-Rock Re... | [
"regno unito",
"united kingsom",
"british united kingdom",
"great britain and northern ireland",
"u.-k.",
"united kingdom of great britain and north ireland",
"ukogbani",
"ukia",
"the u–k",
"unitedkingdom",
"great britain and ulster",
"united kingdom (state)",
"un/locode:trank",
"ukogbani"... |
what english poet, founder of the romantic movement (along with william wordsworth), wrote such works as kubla khan and the rime of the ancient mariner? | [
{
"title": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of \"Lyric... | [] | [
{
"title": "Kubla Khan",
"text": "poem: \"Almost daily social intercourse with this remarkable brother and sister seemed to provide the catalyst to greatness, for it is during this period that Coleridge conceived his greatest poems, 'Christabel,' 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,' and 'Kubla Khan,' poems so... | [
"coleridegy",
"samuel coleridge",
"samuel t. coleridge",
"samuel taylor coleridge",
"s.t. coleridge",
"s. t. coleridge",
"sarah fricker",
"silas tomkyn comberbache",
"coleridgean",
"samuel tayler coleridge"
] |
knitting uses needles. what does crochet use? | [
{
"title": "Crochet",
"text": "form that appeared toward the end of the 19th century, including both tapered and cylindrical segments, and the continuously tapered bone hook remained in industrial production until World War II. The early instruction books make frequent reference to the alternative use of 'i... | [] | [
{
"title": "Crochet",
"text": "general. Most crochet uses far less than 1/3 more yarn than knitting for comparable pieces, and a crocheter can get similar feel and drape to knitting by using a larger hook or thinner yarn. Tunisian crochet and slip stitch crochet can in some cases use less yarn than knitting... | [
"hooks",
"hooks (disambiguation)"
] |
according to the nursery rhyme, who's pocket did kitty fisher find? | [
{
"title": "Kitty Fisher",
"text": "settled into the proper role of mistress of Hemsted, building up Norris's fortune and enjoying the company of the local folk, who liked her for her generosity to the poor. Unfortunately, she died only four months after her marriage, some sources say from the effects of le... | [] | [
{
"title": "Nursery Rhyme (visual novel)",
"text": "misheard lyric , which spawned a series of remix parodies on Nico Nico Douga. \"true my heart\"'s melody has also appeared in the Kumikyoku Nico Nico Douga videos, as has \"kiss my lips\". Some of the \"Nursery Rhyme\" characters feature in \"Megami Engage... | [
"lucy locket"
] |
the surveying for the mason-dixon line was complete on oct 18, 1767. which two states does the line separate? | [
{
"title": "Stewartstown, Pennsylvania",
"text": "Stewartstown, Pennsylvania Stewartstown is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,089 at the 2010 census. There were settlers in the Stewartstown area as early as 1750. This part of southern York County was claimed by bot... | [] | [
{
"title": "Mason–Dixon line",
"text": "Mason–Dixon line The Mason–Dixon line, also called the Mason and Dixon line or Mason's and Dixon's line, was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in Colo... | [
"maryland and pennsylvania"
] |
what male singing voice lies between bass and tenor? | [
{
"title": "Voice type",
"text": "broken down into three subcategories: sopranist or \"male soprano\", the \"haute-contre\", and the castrato. The last actual castrato singer, Alessandro Moreschi, died in 1922. Tenor range: The tenor is the highest male voice within the modal register. The typical tenor voi... | [] | [
{
"title": "Bass (voice type)",
"text": "Bass (voice type) A bass ( ) is a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types. According to \"The New Grove Dictionary of Opera\", a bass is typically classified as having a vocal range extending from around the second E bel... | [
"baricanor",
"baritone",
"barritone",
"dramatic baritone",
"kavalierbariton",
"barotone",
"baripsaltes",
"baratone",
"lyric baritone",
"bariton/baryton-martin",
"list of famous baritones",
"verdi baritone",
"bariclamans",
"bel canto (coloratura) baritone",
"baritones",
"baryton-noble"
... |
what's missing: woods, putters, chippers | [
{
"title": "Austie Rollinson",
"text": "Links Magazine, Rollinson noted that the rules of golf make it easier to support design innovation for putters than for other golf clubs. He noted, \"The rules of what you can do in designing a putter are so much more open than with woods and irons. There’s much more ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Chippers Leap",
"text": "Chippers Leap Chippers Leap, formerly known as Chipper's Leap, is a granite outcrop on Greenmount Hill in Perth, Western Australia. It is located at 31º54'S 116º04'E, on the northern side of Great Eastern Highway, near the border between the suburbs of Swan View and Gree... | [
"irons",
"irons (disambiguation)",
"irons (surname)"
] |
kentucky has their colonels. not to be outdone, what landlocked state awards the honorary title of admiral (formally admiral in the great navy of the state of blank)? | [
{
"title": "Nebraska Admiral",
"text": "Nebraska Admiral Nebraska Admiral (formally, Admiral in the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska) is Nebraska's highest honor, and an honorary title bestowed upon individuals by approval of the Governor of Nebraska, the only triply landlocked U.S. state. It is not a mi... | [] | [
{
"title": "Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)",
"text": "the admiral of the fleet. The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864, although the Royal Navy kept the White Ensign. When the professional head of the Royal Navy was given the title of First Naval Lord in 1828 ... | [
"education in nebraska",
"transport in nebraska",
"cornhusker state",
"religion in nebraska",
"transportation in nebraska",
"the cornhusker state",
"nebraska state constitution",
"37th state",
"state of nebraska",
"us-ne",
"nebraska, united states",
"nebraska (u.s. state)",
"constitution of ... |
crenshaw, crane, musk, horned, and honeydew are all types of what? | [
{
"title": "Honeydew (melon)",
"text": "Honeydew (melon) A honeydew melon, also known as a honeymelon, is the fruit of one cultivar group of the muskmelon, \"Cucumis melo\" in the gourd family. The Inodorus group includes honeydew, crenshaw, casaba, winter, and other mixed melons. A honeydew has a round to ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Dave Crenshaw",
"text": "multi-task at all. Crenshaw is described by Mark Lewis in Forbes as a productivity consultant, and wrote that Crenshaw says that multitaskers think they are doing two or more things simultaneously, when actually they are switching rapidly back and forth between tasks. Jo... | [
"casaba",
"melons",
"tuscan melon",
"🍈",
"list of melons",
"kwaci",
"canadew",
"melon",
"tuscan canteloupe"
] |
popular for their chicken wings, what food chain is known for their wait staff which dress in white tank top emblazoned with the company logo paired with the famously short nylon orange runner's shorts? | [
{
"title": "Hooters",
"text": "their uniform of a white tank top with the \"Hootie the Owl\" logo and the location name on the front paired with short nylon orange runner's shorts. The remainder of the Hooters Girls uniform consists of the restaurant's brown ticket pouch (or a black one with the black unifo... | [] | [
{
"title": "Dolphin shorts",
"text": "Dolphin shorts Dolphin shorts or Dolfins are a specific style of unisex shorts for athletics. They are typically very short and were originally made from nylon with contrasting binding, side slits, and rounded corners, with a waistband at the top—a style popular in the ... | [
"hooter's",
"hooters girl",
"hooters restaurant",
"hooters of america",
"hooters girl",
"hooters, inc",
"hooters of america",
"hooters, inc.",
"hooters of america, inc",
"hooters"
] |
"i like ike" was the campaign slogan for what eventual us president? | [
{
"title": "Lenticular printing",
"text": "war Anderson started his company Pictorial Productions Inc.. A patent application for a \"Process in the assembling of changeable picture display devices\" was filed on March 1, 1952 and granted on December 3, 1957 (US patent 2,815,310. Anderson stated in 1996 that... | [] | [
{
"title": "I Write What I Like",
"text": "I Write What I Like I Write What I Like (full name \"I Write What I Like: Selected Writings by Steve Biko\") is a compilation of writings from anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko. \"I Write What I Like\" contains a selection of Biko's writings from 1969, when he bec... | [
"eisenhower dwight",
"health issues of dwight d. eisenhower",
"d. d. eisenhower",
"dynamic conservatism",
"general dwight eisenhower",
"david jacob eisenhower",
"dweight eisenhower",
"34th president of the united states",
"dwight e eisenhower",
"eisehower",
"president dwight d. eisenhower",
"d... |
usually made of wood or plastic, what is the name for the tool which billiard players use to organize their balls at the beginning of a game? | [
{
"title": "Cue sports",
"text": "for fear that they would rip the cloth with the sharper cues. A rack is the name given to a frame (usually wood, plastic or aluminium) used to organize billiard balls at the beginning of a game. This is traditionally triangular in shape, but varies with the type of billiard... | [] | [
{
"title": "Multiplying billiard balls",
"text": "third and fourth ball, all in the same hand. The magician will then vanish the balls, one at a time, until only one remains. Often, part of the routine involves the magician giving the impression that he is \"passing\" the balls through his body, in and out ... | [
"racks",
"racks (disambiguation)",
"rack",
"rack (disambiguation)"
] |
officially designated the m9, what was the unofficial name of the shoulder fired rocket deployed by us soldiers during wwii? | [
{
"title": "Shoulder-fired missile",
"text": "Shoulder-fired missile A shoulder-fired missile, shoulder-launched missile or man-portable missile is an explosive-carrying, self-propelled projectile fired at a target, while being small enough to be carried by a single person and fired while held on one's shou... | [] | [
{
"title": "Shoulder-fired missile",
"text": "saturation anti-personnel fire, artillery or aerial barrages in area-denial attacks. Submunition and thermobaric weapons are often used to clear landing zones (LZ) for helicopters. In modern counter-insurgency operations in misty, dusty or night-time situations,... | [
"m1 bazooka",
"bazookas",
"m9 anti-tank rocket launcher",
"3.5-inch rocket launcher",
"m9a1 bazooka",
"m1 bazooka",
"m20 super bazooka",
"bazooka",
"heavy bazooka"
] |
oct 20, 1977 saw a plane crash that killed ronnie van zant, steve gaines, cassie gaines, dean kilpatrick and the pilot and co-pilot, ripping the heart out of what southern band? | [
{
"title": "Ronnie Van Zant",
"text": "Van Zant died on impact from head injuries suffered after the aircraft struck a tree. Bandmates Steve Gaines and Cassie Gaines, along with assistant road manager Dean Kilpatrick, pilot Walter McCreary, and co-pilot William Gray, were also killed. The rest of the band w... | [] | [
{
"title": "Cassie Gaines",
"text": "player to replace recently departed Ed King, Cassie recommended her younger brother, Steve, who joined the band soon after. On October 20, 1977, a Convair CV-240 carrying the band between shows from Greenville, South Carolina, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, crashed outside o... | [
"lynryd skynyrd",
"lynyrd skynyrd",
"leonard skynard",
"leonard skynyrd",
"skynyrd",
"lynyrd skynyrd",
"leonard skinnerd",
"the honkettes",
"lynyrd skynard",
"leslie hawkins",
"my backyard",
"lynard skynnard",
"lynyrd skynyrd",
"links skinnard",
"linnard skinnard",
"lynrd skynrd",
"l... |
in the event that the president, vice president, speaker of the house, president pro tem of the senate, the secretaries of state, treasury, and defense, the attorney general, and the secretaries of the interior, agriculture, commerce, labor, health and human services, housing and urban development, transportation, and ... | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate",
"text": "pro tempore presides over the Senate in the absence of the Lieutenant Governor and appoints committee chairpersons, votes on all bills, and is the leader of the Senate. In issues involving both chambers of the General Assembly, the Pres... | [
"secretary of education arne duncan"
] |
name the artist and the title of this 1982 track that vh1 named the 14th greatest hard rock song of all times: "white man came across the sea he brought us pain and misery he killed our tribes, he killed our creed he took our game for his own need" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Man He Killed",
"text": "also describes and observes characters in close detail, which is consistent with many of his previous poems. This somber poem expresses the internal battles that soldiers face, particularly the regret he faces on a battle field. \"The Man He Killed\" has been interpr... | [
"run to the hills by iron maiden"
] |
what walks down stairs, alone or in pairs, and makes a slinkity sound? a spring, a spring, a marvelous thing! everyone knows it's? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Thing on a Spring",
"text": "Thing on a Spring Thing On A Spring is a side-scrolling platform/puzzle game produced in 1985 for the Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 by Gremlin Graphics. Gameplay involves controlling a character resembling Zebedee from \"The Magic Roundabout\" through a toy factory wh... | [
"slinki",
"slinkey",
"slinkie",
"slinky",
"slinky jingle",
"slinkee"
] |
a viscous byproduct from its manufacture, what is the syrup drained from raw sugar called? | [
{
"title": "Syrup",
"text": "Syrup In cooking, a syrup or sirup (from ; \"sharāb\", beverage, wine and ) is a condiment that is a thick, viscous liquid consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. Its con... | [] | [
{
"title": "Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida",
"text": "the world's largest industry was the production of raw sugar in tropical America. Sugar became the first commodity, besides precious metals, to be shipped from colonial America to Europe. Sugar refining purifies the raw sugar. It is first mixe... | [
"blackstrap",
"fancy molasses",
"melaço",
"molassess",
"black-strap",
"black-strap molasses",
"molasses",
"blackstrap molasses",
"black treacle",
"molases"
] |
name the song and the singer of the 2001 classic: ‘i think i did it again. i made you believe we're more than just friends. oh baby. it might seem like a crush but it doesn't mean that i'm serious.” | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Oops!... I Did It Again (song)",
"text": "actually recorded by Shek Baker. The track has also been parodied under the title \"Oops! I Farted Again\" by producer Bob Rivers. In 2013, it was reported that \"Oops!... I Did It Again\" and \"...Baby One More Time\" have been used by the British Navy ... | [
"oops!... i did it again by britney spears"
] |
who, or what, would you typically find inside a habitrail? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Habitrail",
"text": "Habitrail Habitrail is a brand name for a hamster cage made by the Hagen corporation. It is a series of translucent plastic tubes and \"houses\" for use in home terrariums, designed specially for hamsters. The design of the Habitrail is modular and can be configured however ... | [
"mice or hamsters"
] |
richard francis burton, who died the 20th of oct, 1890, first translated mallanaga vatsyayana's instructive work in 1884 from its' native sanskrit. what was the title of this book? | [
{
"title": "Richard Francis Burton",
"text": "13 February 1886 Burton was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) by Queen Victoria. He wrote a number of travel books in this period that were not particularly well received. His best-known contributions to literature were... | [] | [
{
"title": "Richard Francis Burton",
"text": "Richard Francis Burton Sir Richard Francis Burton (; 19 March 1821 – 20 October 1890) was a British explorer, geographer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnologist, spy, linguist, poet, fencer, and diplomat. He was famed for his travels... | [
"the kama sutra",
"karma sutra",
"indian erotic sex",
"kama-sutra",
"kamasutram",
"the kamasutra",
"the kama-sutra",
"kamasutra",
"kama sutram",
"kama sutra",
"karma sutra",
"kama sutra"
] |
oct 24, 1964 saw northern rhodesia gained independence from the united kingdom and promptly changed its' name. by what name do we now know it? | [
{
"title": "Southern Rhodesia",
"text": "more amenable to allowing black nationalism than the Southern Rhodesians. Accordingly, Britain granted independence to Northern Rhodesia on 24 October 1964. However, when the new nationalists changed its name to \"Zambia\" and began tentatively at first and later in ... | [] | [
{
"title": "1960s in Rhodesia",
"text": "of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union, under restriction on 16 April 1964. Northern Rhodesia gained its independence and Southern Rhodesia became the colony of Rhodesia on 24 October. Ian Smith unilaterally declared the independence (UDI) of Rhodesia from the United ... | [
"zamibia",
"people of zambia",
"zambian cuisine",
"zambians",
"culture of zambia",
"etymology of zambia",
"zambia",
"health care in zambia",
"iso 3166-1:zm",
"republic of zambia",
"cuisine of zambia",
"sport in zambia",
"republic of zambia",
"zambian people",
"name of zambia"
] |
although debunked as an urban legend, what model of chevrolet car supposedly would not sell in spanish speaking countries because the name of the car means “won't run” in spanish? | [
{
"title": "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova",
"text": "to the introduction of the 1994 Impala SS. In fact, a majority were fitted with inline-sixes coupled to a ZF manual transmission with floor lever 4 speeds, a single two-barrel Holey 2300 RX 7214-A carburetor giving out and a sporting exhaust note. Corsa, a lo... | [] | [
{
"title": "Spanish language in the United States",
"text": "\"car\". Spanish-speaking Americans are the fastest growing linguistic group in the United States. Continual immigration and prevalent Spanish-language mass media (such as Univisión, Telemundo, and Azteca América) support the Spanish-speaking popu... | [
"novas",
"nova",
"nova and supernova",
"classical nova",
"recurring nova",
"rne",
"helium nova",
"stellar surface fusion",
"recurrent nova",
"recurrent nova",
"cne"
] |
after 21 years on the pbs, what wood working show, hosted by master craftsman norm abrams, is going off the air? | [
{
"title": "Norm Abram",
"text": "Norm Abram Norman L. \"Norm\" Abram (born October 3, 1949) is an American carpenter known for his work on the PBS television programs \"This Old House\" and \"The New Yankee Workshop\". He is referred to on these shows as a \"master carpenter\". Abram was born in Woonsocket... | [] | [
{
"title": "1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?)",
"text": "out of our mouths... Not a pleasant sound but it's the noise we had. We pressed it up and stuck it out. A celebration of sorts.\" Jimmy Cauty defended sampling as an artistic practice: \"It's not as if we're taking anything away, just borrowing and ma... | [
"new yankee workshop",
"the new yankee workshop"
] |
during wwii, general douglas macarthur famously declared “i shall” what, which he did on oct 20, 1944? | [
{
"title": "Douglas MacArthur",
"text": "of his air forces on 8 December 1941, and the invasion of the Philippines by the Japanese. MacArthur's forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Isla... | [] | [
{
"title": "General Douglas MacArthur (Dean)",
"text": "leadership of the Allied forces in the Pacific during World War II. MacArthur, his father General Arthur MacArthur, and his grandfather judge Arthur McArthur, were all residents of Milwaukee. Douglas lived at the Plankinton House and attended West Divi... | [
"returning (disambiguation)",
"return",
"return (disambiguation)",
"returns (disambiguation)",
"returns",
"return (film)",
"return"
] |
oct 18 is celebrated as alaska day, a legal holiday in the state of alaska. what does it celebrate? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Alaska Day",
"text": "Alaska Day Alaska Day is a legal holiday in the U.S. state of Alaska, observed on October 18. It is the anniversary of the formal transfer of the Territory of Alaska from Russia to the United States, which occurred on Friday, October 18, 1867. On March 30, 1867, the United ... | [
"the day that the alaskan territory was officially transferred to the us from russia"
] |
if a dish is described as ‘mornay' what is it served with? | [
{
"title": "Mornay sauce",
"text": "Mornay sauce A Mornay sauce is a béchamel sauce with shredded or grated Gruyère cheese added. Some variations use different combinations of Gruyère, Emmental cheese, or white Cheddar. A Mornay sauce made with cheddar is commonly used to make macaroni and cheese. The name ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold",
"text": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold (), also known as Death's Dealer, is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Pasquale Squitieri and starring Klaus Kinski. Jeremias was 12 years old when an onslaught on his parents' ranch ... | [
"cheese sauce"
] |
oct 23 is the anniversary of the release of the first ipod from apple. what year was it? | [
{
"title": "IPod",
"text": "IPod The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released. As of July 27, 2017, only the iPod Touch r... | [] | [
{
"title": "IPod Mini",
"text": "IPod Mini The iPod Mini (stylized and marketed as the iPod mini) is a digital audio player that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. While it was sold, it was the midrange model in Apple's iPod product line. It was announced on January 6, 2004 and released on February 20 ... | [
"2001",
"two thousand and one"
] |
which nfl team plays its games in the newest stadium in the nfl, opening just this year? | [
{
"title": "1966 NFL Championship Game",
"text": "world just after winning the 1966 NFL Championship Game. With the win, the Packers earned their tenth NFL championship; it was their second in a row and fourth in six seasons under Lombardi, in his eighth year as Green Bay's head coach. This was the Packers'... | [] | [
{
"title": "NFL International Series",
"text": "team that plays a home game in London sells a cheaper season ticket package for its own stadium with seven regular season games rather than the usual eight. Each designated home team receives US$1 million for giving up the home game. On October 11, 2011, the N... | [
"the cowboys",
"the cowboy",
"the cowboys"
] |
due to his small stature and looks, 1930s murder and bank robber george nelson was commonly known by what nickname? | [
{
"title": "Baby Face Nelson",
"text": "has been portrayed multiple times onscreen. These include: Baby Face Nelson Lester Joseph Gillis (December 6, 1908 – November 27, 1934), known by the alias George Nelson, better known as Baby Face Nelson, was an American bank robber in the 1930s. Gillis was given the ... | [] | [
{
"title": "William \"Bull\" Nelson",
"text": "Davis to report to Nelson. By September 18, Davis had recuperated to the point where he could resume command of the forces defending against the Confederate threat to Louisville. On September 20, Davis reported to Nelson. Nelson was quite an imposing figure ove... | [
"baby-face",
"babyfaceness",
"baby face",
"baby face",
"babyface",
"babyface (disambiguation)",
"babyface",
"baby-face"
] |
citizens of mexico know it as rio bravo del norte. what do we call the 4th longest river system in the us? | [
{
"title": "Rio Grande del Norte National Monument",
"text": "Rio Grande del Norte National Monument The Rio Grande del Norte National Monument is an approximately area of public lands in Taos County, New Mexico, proclaimed as a national monument on March 25, 2013 by President Barack Obama under the provisi... | [] | [
{
"title": "What the Bleep Do We Know!?",
"text": "Do We Know!?—Discovering the Endless Possibilities of Your Everyday Reality\". HCI president Peter Vegso stated that in regard to this book, \"What the Bleep is the quantum leap in the New Age world,\" and \"by marrying science and spirituality, it is the f... | [
"rio grande del norte",
"río grande",
"rio bravo del norte",
"rio grande river",
"rio grande",
"rio grande river",
"the rio grande",
"rio grande river (united states and mexico)",
"río bravo",
"río bravo del norte"
] |
henry wells and william fargo, before they got into banking, made their mark on the world operating what service in the west in the 1850s? | [
{
"title": "History of Wells Fargo",
"text": "because it kept sufficient assets on hand to meet customers' demands rather than transferring all its assets to New York. Surviving the Panic of 1855 gave Wells Fargo two advantages. First, it faced virtually no competition in the banking and express business in... | [] | [
{
"title": "William Fargo",
"text": "Henry Wells and Daniel Dunning, Fargo organized the Western Express which ran from Buffalo to Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago and intermediate points, under the name of \"Wells & Co\". At that time, there were no railroad facilities west of Buffalo, and Fargo, who had cha... | [
"stagecoaches",
"stagecoach line",
"diligence (vehicle)",
"stageline",
"stage stop",
"stage line",
"swift sure stage coach line",
"stage coches",
"stage road",
"diligences",
"stage coaches",
"stagecoach road",
"stagecoach",
"stage station",
"stage-coach",
"road coach",
"stage coach"
... |
what was the name of the legendary, and as of yet undiscovered, city of gold which inspired the spanish conquest of half of the americas? | [
{
"title": "Spanish conquest of the Muisca",
"text": "Muisca, the Muisca frequently presented other individuals instead of the rulers to the invaders. This strategy was to protect the Muisca rulers and their valuables, of great interest to the Spanish who were in search of \"El Dorado\". The modern anthropo... | [] | [
{
"title": "Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire",
"text": "in \"Age of Empires 3\", having a Lost City hidden in the Andes. They are also in the Multiplayer, found primarily in the areas making up Chile and Argentina. The conquest is parodied in \"The Simpsons\" TV series, in the episode \"Lost Verizon\", w... | [
"legend of el dorado",
"el dorado (myth)",
"el indio dorado",
"manõa",
"the golden king",
"el rey dorado",
"eldorado",
"golden indian",
"the legend of el dorado",
"el dorado",
"the gilded one",
"gilded one",
"el dorado (legend)",
"the golden indian",
"el dorado",
"golden king"
] |
athos, porthos, and aramis are collectively known as whom? | [
{
"title": "Porthos",
"text": "himself for the Siege of La Rochelle. The fictional Porthos is very loosely based on the historical musketeer Isaac de Porthau. Actors who have played Porthos on screen include: Porthos Porthos, Baron du Vallon de Bracieux de Pierrefonds is a fictional character in the novels ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Return of the Musketeers",
"text": "Mazarin sends d'Artagnan and Porthos after Beaufort, but Beaufort escapes them due to interference from Athos and Aramis, who are working for Beaufort. This starts a fight amongst the Musketeers, in which d'Artagnan slices Aramis' hand. Aramis breaks his s... | [
"trois mousquetaires",
"three musketeers",
"the three musketeers",
"the three muskateers",
"the three musketeer",
"les trois mousquetaires",
"three musketeers",
"the 3 musketeers",
"les trois mousqetaires"
] |
what is the underlying theme to this round? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get",
"text": "He then flew over to London and presented them to Richard Branson as the finished new PiL album for Virgin Records: \"Commercial Zone\". For his part, John Lydon decided to completely abandon the tapes and re-record the whole album from sc... | [
"they are all john wayne movies"
] |
everyone's favorite childhood book, where the wild things are, saw the movie version dominate the box office last weekend. what is the name of the main protagonist in the book? | [
{
"title": "Where the Wild Things Are",
"text": "Little\", features a spoof of \"Where the Wild Things Are\" entitled \"The Land of the Wild Beasts\". The live-action film version of the book is directed by Spike Jonze. It was released on October 16, 2009. The film stars Max Records as Max and features Cath... | [] | [
{
"title": "Where the Wild Things Are",
"text": "an emotion and kinda escapes into this world ... and that's kinda what I wanted to do\". Where the Wild Things Are Where the Wild Things Are is a 1963 children's picture book by American writer and illustrator Maurice Sendak, originally published by Harper & ... | [
"m.a.x.",
"max (tv channel)",
"max (disambiguation)",
"max channel",
"max",
"max (film)",
"max (disambiguation)",
"max (channel)",
"max (channel)",
"max",
"max (novel)",
"max (magazine)"
] |
what famous tv family got their start with short vignettes on the variety show, the tracey ullman show? | [
{
"title": "The Tracey Ullman Show",
"text": "producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Tracey Ullman Show",
"text": "breaks during the first and second seasons of the show. They eventually had their own full segments in between the live action segments during season three. Except for a repeat airing of the short \"Simpson Xmas,\" they did not appear in the fourth and final sea... | [
"promulent",
"the circus (simpsons tv ad)",
"the simpsons.com",
"kromulent",
"simpsons jokes",
"no teasing",
"made-up words in the simpsons",
"the simpsons clue",
"simpsons words",
"culturally significant words and phrases from the simpsons",
"the bully (the simpsons tv ad)",
"the dog biscuit"... |
with halifax as its capital, what canadian provinces' name literally translates as new scotland? | [
{
"title": "Nova Scotia",
"text": "Nova Scotia Nova Scotia (; Latin for \"New Scotland\"; ; Scottish Gaelic: \"Alba Nuadh\") is one of Canada's three Maritime Provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada. Its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest of Canada's... | [] | [
{
"title": "Halifax (bank)",
"text": "retained as a trading name, but it no longer exists as a legal entity. HBOS was acquired by the Lloyds Banking Group in January 2009 amid falling share price and speculation as to its future. Bank of Scotland plc (including its brands such as Halifax) became a wholly ow... | [
"colonial nova scotia",
"nouvelle-écosse",
"nova scosha",
"nova scotia, canada",
"alba nuadh",
"nouvelle-ecosse",
"14th british colony",
"nova scotia",
"novia scotia",
"nova scotian",
"hart island, nova scotia",
"colony of nova scotia",
"scotian",
"nova scocia",
"nova scotia",
"nueva ... |
what is the difference between condensed and evaporated milk? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Evaporated milk",
"text": "Evaporated milk Evaporated milk, known in some countries as \"unsweetened condensed milk\", is a shelf-stable canned milk product with about 60% of the water removed from fresh milk. It differs from sweetened condensed milk, which contains added sugar. Sweetened conden... | [
"condensed has added sugar"
] |
at long last, the person sitting in the governor's chair in olympia has indicated what she will be wearing for halloween this year. what unfortunate characters costume will she be donning? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "She Will Be Loved",
"text": "by Chris Isaak from the It Won't Be Soon Before Long Tour (2007–2008). \"She Will Be Loved\" was featured in television shows, \"One Tree Hill\", \"Smallville\", \"\", \"The 4400\", \"Medium\", \"House of Lies\", \"What I Like About You\", \"Secret Diary of a Call Gi... | [
"jesse, from toy story"
] |
october 26th, 1881, was the famous shootout at the ok corral. in what arizona town was it located? | [
{
"title": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral",
"text": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizo... | [] | [
{
"title": "O.K. Corral (building)",
"text": "\"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" made the shootout famous and the public was incorrectly led to believe it was the actual location of the altercation. Despite the historical inaccuracy, the corral is marketed as the location of the shootout, and visitors can pay ... | [
"tombstone, az",
"tombstone arizona",
"tombstone, az",
"tombstone, arizona",
"tombstone district",
"tombstone (city, arizona)"
] |
which peanuts character waits up every halloween night for a visit from the great pumpkin? | [
{
"title": "Great Pumpkin",
"text": "players. Again, the Great Pumpkin never appears. Great Pumpkin The Great Pumpkin is an unseen holiday figure in the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles M. Schulz. The Great Pumpkin is a holiday figure in whom only Linus van Pelt believes. According to Linus, the Great Pum... | [] | [
{
"title": "Great Pumpkin",
"text": "cameo as the twins \"3 and 4\". Parts of the segment had music by Vince Guaraldi (best known for composing music for animated adaptations of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip), which they had obtained the rights to use. In the episode segment, Milhouse waits in a pumpkin patch... | [
"linus (disambiguation)",
"linus"
] |
michael jordan wasn't the first to have his name emblazoned on a basketball shoe. who holds that honor, when it was added to his signature shoe in 1923? | [
{
"title": "Shoe",
"text": "important in athletic shoe design, to implement new design features based on how feet reacted to specific actions, such as running, jumping, or side-to-side movement. Athletic shoes for women were also designed for their specific physiological differences. Shoes specific to the s... | [] | [
{
"title": "Shoe",
"text": "of this development, and in the 1970s, other shoe manufacturers, such as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and others began imitating this style of athletic shoe. In April 1985, Nike introduced its own brand of basketball shoe which would become popular in its own right, the Air Jordan, name... | [
"chuck taylor",
"charles taylor (politician)",
"charles taylor (mp)",
"charles taylor (british politician)",
"charles taylor (disambiguation)",
"charles taylor",
"charlie taylor",
"charles taylor (uk politician)",
"charlie taylor (footballer)",
"charles a taylor",
"charles allen taylor",
"tayl... |
what is the main alcoholic ingredient in the cocktail known as a zombie? | [
{
"title": "Zombie (cocktail)",
"text": "Catering Industry Employee (CIE) journal: \"Juice of 1 lime, unsweetened pineapple juice, bitters, 1 ounce heavily bodied rum, 2 ounces of Gold Label rum, 1 ounce of White Label rum, 1 ounce of apricot-flavored brandy, 1 ounce of papaya juice\" Zombie (cocktail) The ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Zombie (cocktail)",
"text": "Zombie (cocktail) The Zombie is a cocktail made of fruit juices, liqueurs, and various rums. It first appeared in late 1934, invented by Donn Beach of Hollywood's \"Don the Beachcomber\" restaurant. It was popularized soon afterwards at the 1939 New York World's Fair... | [
"spiced rum",
"spiced rum",
"rum",
"gunpowder rum",
"rum (beverage)",
"white rum",
"jamaica spirits",
"caña blanca",
"dark rum",
"white rum",
"cuban rum",
"jamaica spirit",
"gold rum",
"cane spirit",
"light rum",
"black rum",
"rude rum",
"hard rum",
"overproof rum",
"coconut r... |
who wrote the novel it, which sees derry, maine terrorized at 28 year intervals by a entity that calls itself "pennywise the dancing clown? | [
{
"title": "It (novel)",
"text": "It (novel) It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King. It was his 22nd book, and his 18th novel written under his own name. The story follows the experiences of seven children as they are terrorized by an entity that exploits the fears and phobias of its vict... | [] | [
{
"title": "It (novel)",
"text": "order.\" During a heavy rainstorm in Derry, Maine, six-year-old George \"Georgie\" Denbrough is chasing a paper boat that was given to him by his older brother, Bill, down a gutter. The boat is washed down a storm drain and Georgie peers in, seeing a pair of glowing yellow ... | [
"stephen king",
"stephen king",
"the works of stephen king",
"steven king accident",
"list of books that stephen king has written",
"stephen edwin king",
"stephen king accident",
"list of times the name %22stephen king%22 or a stephen king work is mentioned in some context",
"list of cultural refere... |
october 25, 1957 was the birthday of actress and comedian nancy cartwright. what tv character is she best know for? | [
{
"title": "Nancy Cartwright",
"text": "Nancy Cartwright Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and voice actress, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including... | [] | [
{
"title": "What She Doesn't Know",
"text": "What She Doesn't Know \"What She Doesn't Know\" is a 7\" single by American singer-songwriter Nina Nastasia, released on February 25, 2008 by Fat Cat Records. The vinyl was limited to 500 copies worldwide. The two songs on \"What She Doesn't Know\" were recorded ... | [
"bart simpsons",
"bart simpson (i)",
"don't have a cow",
"bart (devil)",
"el barto",
"bartholomew j simpson",
"eat my shorts",
"b.j. simpson",
"%22¡ay, caramba!%22",
"bartmania",
"bartholomew j. simpson",
"eat my shorts!",
"bartholomew jo jo simpson",
"bart (simpsons)",
"el barto",
"br... |
monster charles manson carved an x into his forehead for his trial in 1970. after getting bored with it, what did he transform it into? | [
{
"title": "Charles Manson",
"text": "was part of the journalist's prime-time special on Satanism. At least as early as the Snyder interview, Manson's forehead bore a swastika in the spot where the X carved during his trial had been. Nikolas Schreck conducted an interview with Manson for his documentary \"C... | [] | [
{
"title": "Manson Family",
"text": "Manson's conduct, including violations of a gag order and submission of \"outlandish\" and \"nonsensical\" pretrial motions, the permission was withdrawn before the trial's start. Manson filed an affidavit of prejudice against Keene, who was replaced by Judge Charles H. ... | [
"swastikas",
"kolovrat (symbol)",
"aryan swastika",
"swastika origin theories",
"sawastika",
"suastika",
"nazi cross",
"swastika",
"hitler cross",
"swastik",
"svastika",
"comets and the swastika motif",
"tierwirbel",
"crux gammata",
"tetraskelion",
"crooked cross",
"hakenkreuz",
"g... |
what is the name of the scrawny, superstitious schoolmaster who is pursued by the headless horseman in the washington irving story "the legend of sleepy hollow"? | [
{
"title": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow",
"text": "the Hollow is the Headless Horseman, said to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper that had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during \"some nameless battle\" of the American Revolutionary War, and who \"rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow",
"text": "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled \"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.\". Written while Irving was l... | [
"ichabod crane"
] |
october 30, 1938 saw orson wells induce widespread public panic with his radio broadcast of what hg wells classic? | [
{
"title": "H. G. Wells",
"text": "1940, on the radio station KTSA in San Antonio, Texas, Wells took part in a radio interview with Orson Welles, who two years previously had performed a famous radio adaptation of \"The War of the Worlds\". During the interview, by Charles C Shaw, a KTSA radio host, Wells a... | [] | [
{
"title": "John Wells (sportscaster)",
"text": "John Wells (sportscaster) John Wells (born February 11, 1946) is a Canadian sportscaster. His most recent show, which ended in April 2008, was \"Wells And Company\" on CJOB radio in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He broadcast Canadian Football League games for o... | [
"fall of london(war of the worlds)",
"martian war machine",
"h.g. wells' war of the worlds",
"the war of the worlds 3-d",
"horsell offensive",
"battle of weybridge and shepperton",
"war of the worlds",
"war of the worlds",
"the war of the worlds (novel)",
"battle of weybridge/shepperton",
"fall ... |
what rudyard kipling story, later made into a movie staring sean connery and michael caine, tells the story of two british adventurers in india who set off to become the rules of kafiristan? | [
{
"title": "The Man Who Would Be King (film)",
"text": "The Man Who Would Be King (film) The Man Who Would Be King is a 1975 Technicolor adventure film adapted from the Rudyard Kipling novella of the same name. It was adapted and directed by John Huston and starred Sean Connery, Michael Caine, Saeed Jaffrey... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Man Who Would Be King (film)",
"text": "In 1885 in India, while working late at night in his newspaper office, the journalist Rudyard Kipling is approached by a ragged, seemingly crazed derelict who reveals himself to be Peachy Carnehan, an old acquaintance. Carnehan tells Kipling the story ... | [
"billy fish",
"the man who would be a king",
"peachey carnehan",
"man who would be king",
"the man who would be king",
"the man who would be a king"
] |
which hands-free children's halloween party game began as contest to see who would be the first to marry in a new year? | [
{
"title": "Geography of Halloween",
"text": "form of a street carnival and fireworks display. Games are often played, such as bobbing for apples, in which apples, peanuts, and other nuts and fruit and some small coins are placed in a basin of water. Everyone takes turns catching as many items possible usin... | [] | [
{
"title": "Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?",
"text": "Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire? Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire? Is a Fox network reality show in which a multi-millionaire named Rick Rockwell married the contest winner, Darva Conger, on television. The show was aired as a singl... | [
"ducking for apples",
"apple bobbing",
"bobbing for apples",
"bob the apple",
"bobbing for apples"
] |
according to legend, henry ford famously stated "any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as" what? | [
{
"title": "Strategic management",
"text": "create a product of high technical quality. If you created a product that worked well and was durable, it was assumed you would have no difficulty profiting. This was called the production orientation. Henry Ford famously said of the Model T car: \"Any customer ca... | [] | [
{
"title": "Any Colour You Like",
"text": "one has in human society, while being deluded into thinking one does. It is also speculated that the song is about the fear of making choices. The origin of the title is unclear. One possible origin of the title comes from an answer frequently given by a studio tec... | [
"it is black"
] |
with over 491 billion sold, what is the best selling cookie in america? | [
{
"title": "Cookie",
"text": "include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons and Oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea. Factory-made cookies are sold ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Newtons (cookie)",
"text": "2012, Nabisco makes several varieties of the Newton, which, in addition to the original fig filling, include versions filled with apple cinnamon, strawberry, raspberry, and mixed berry. The Fig Newton also is sold in a 100% whole-grain variety and a fat-free variety. ... | [
"dsrl",
"doublestuf",
"milk's favorite cookie",
"double-stuf",
"doublestuff",
"oreo",
"double stuff",
"double stuf",
"uh-oh! oreo",
"twist, lick, dunk",
"oreos",
"uh-oh oreo",
"oreo cookies",
"oreo cookie",
"oreo's",
"dsrl",
"double-stuf oreos",
"uhoh oreo",
"oreo ice cream",
"... |
what wwii fighter ace went on to become the first human to travel faster than the speed of sound when he piloted the bell x-1, nicknamed glamorous glennis, past mach 1? | [
{
"title": "Bell X-1",
"text": "Bell X-1 The Bell X-1 is a rocket engine–powered aircraft, designated originally as the XS-1, and was a joint National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics–U.S. Army Air Forces–U.S. Air Force supersonic research project built by Bell Aircraft. Conceived during 1944 and designed... | [] | [
{
"title": "Bell X-1",
"text": "Charles \"Chuck\" Yeager piloted USAF aircraft #46-062, nicknamed \"Glamorous Glennis\" for his wife. The airplane was drop launched from the bomb bay of a B-29 and reached Mach 1.06 (). Following burnout of the engine, the plane glided to a landing on the dry lake bed. This ... | [
"glennis faye dickhouse",
"chuck yaeger",
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"glennis yeager",
"charles elwood yeager",
"chuck yeager",
"charles yeager",
"victoria scott d'angelo",
"chuck yeager",
"charles elwood %22chuck%22 yeager",
"charles e. yeager",
"chuck yager",
"chuck yeagar",
"chuck jaeger",
... |
what product is advertised with the slogan when it rains, it pours? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "When It Rains, It Pours (30 Rock)",
"text": "what matters in his life\". Poniewozik was positive towards Liz's plot with Giamatti, reporting that her plot \"involved one of the best guest roles in a sometimes too guest-heavy role\" and enjoyed the traits from Giamatti's Ritchie. When It Rains, I... | [
"the morton salts",
"morton's salt",
"morton-norwich products",
"morton salt company",
"morton salt",
"morton international inc",
"morton-norwich",
"morton international",
"morton international, inc.",
"morton salt"
] |
what literary character's mask was fashioned from the vest of his deceased brother? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Old Fashioned",
"text": "plane to \"make some Old Fashioneds the Old Fashioned way, the way dear old dad used to.\" When Benjamin asks what if something happens, Fitzgerald replies, \"What could happen to an Old Fashioned?\" In the television series M*A*S*H, character Margaret Houlihan frequentl... | [
"lone ranger (comics)",
"the lone ranger (film project)",
"the lone ranger",
"lone ranger",
"hi-yo, silver, away!",
"silver (horse)"
] |
the treehouse of horror episodes are the halloween specials of what long-running tv series? | [
{
"title": "Treehouse of Horror",
"text": "and Bill Oakley later expressed regret about submitting the episode. The twenty-third and twenty-fifth \"Treehouse of Horror\" episodes were nominated for the same award in 2013 and 2015 respectively. Treehouse of Horror Treehouse of Horror, also known as \"The Sim... | [] | [
{
"title": "Treehouse of Horror",
"text": "was planned ever since the show began airing in 1989. Although \"Treehouse of Horror\" episodes are Halloween-themed, for several years new episodes premiered in November following the holiday, due to Fox's coverage of Major League Baseball's World Series. Season 1... | [
"promulent",
"the circus (simpsons tv ad)",
"the simpsons.com",
"kromulent",
"simpsons jokes",
"no teasing",
"made-up words in the simpsons",
"the simpsons clue",
"simpsons words",
"culturally significant words and phrases from the simpsons",
"the bully (the simpsons tv ad)",
"the dog biscuit"... |
oct 26, 1973 was the birthday of one seth macfarlane. what tv shows is he best known for? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Seth MacFarlane",
"text": "Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, animator, filmmaker, and singer, working primarily in animation and comedy, as well as live-action and other genres. MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series \"Family Guy\" (1999... | [
"family guy, american dad, the cleveland show"
] |
shepard faireys barack obama poster, which has been in the news of late because of copyright issues, began life sporting a word other than hope. what was it? | [
{
"title": "Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster",
"text": "Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster The Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential campaign. It consists of a stylized stencil portra... | [] | [
{
"title": "Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster",
"text": "the case, with the government sentencing request stating that \"[a] sentence without any term of imprisonment sends a terrible message to those who might commit the same sort of criminal conduct. Encouraging parties to game the civil litigation system [...... | [
"progress (album)",
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"procress",
"progresses",
"unprogressed",
"unprogresses",
"progress",
"unprogressing",
"progress (disambiguation)",
"measuring progress",
"unprogress"
] |
we know (and love) shrek from his many movies. what type of mythical creature is he? | [
{
"title": "Shrek",
"text": "someone else, and urges Shrek to go after Fiona before she is married. They travel to Duloc quickly by riding Dragon, who had escaped her confines and followed Donkey. Shrek interrupts the wedding before Farquaad can kiss Fiona. He tells her that Farquaad is not her true love an... | [] | [
{
"title": "You Don't Know What Love Is",
"text": "the song in the 1950s, it became a jazz standard, with noteworthy recordings by Billie Holiday, Sonny Rollins and many others. You Don't Know What Love Is \"You Don't Know What Love Is\" is a popular song of the Great American Songbook, written by Don Raye ... | [
"o.g.r.e. (comics)",
"o g r e (comics)",
"o.g.r.e.",
"ocean going resource exchange",
"futuresmiths",
"ogre (comics)",
"an ogre",
"o. g. r. e. (comics)",
"list of criminal organizations in dc comics"
] |
according to the classic poem the raven, what is the name of the lost love that the unnamed narrator is trying to forget? | [
{
"title": "The Raven",
"text": "Mirror\" on January 29, 1845. Its publication made Poe popular in his lifetime, although it did not bring him much financial success. The poem was soon reprinted, parodied, and illustrated. Critical opinion is divided as to the poem's literary status, but it nevertheless rem... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Love That Dares to Speak Its Name",
"text": "successful blasphemy trial in the UK. The poem itself was considered of low artistic value, both by critics and the author himself. In 2002, a deliberate and well-publicised public repeat reading of the poem took place on the steps of St Martin-in... | [
"a paean",
"a pæan",
"lenore"
] |
october 26, 1972, saw the death of igor sikorsky, the man responsible for what mode of transport? | [
{
"title": "Igor Sikorsky",
"text": "United States in 1919, Sikorsky founded the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in 1923, and developed the first of Pan American Airways' ocean-conquering flying boats in the 1930s. In 1939, Sikorsky designed and flew the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300, the first viable American helic... | [] | [
{
"title": "Igor Sikorsky",
"text": "designed the first heavy bomber for Russia. In 2013, \"Flying\" magazine ranked Sikorsky number 12 on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation. On March 22, 2018 the Kiev city council officially renamed Kiev airport \"International Airport \"Kyiv\" (Zhulyany) named after Ig... | [
"helicopter",
"the helicopter",
"helicopter"
] |
what religious holiday immediately follows halloween? | [
{
"title": "Geography of Halloween",
"text": "the Republic of Ireland; however, they are commonly smuggled in from Northern Ireland where they are legal. Bonfires are frequently built around Halloween. Trick-or-treating is popular amongst children on 31 October and Halloween parties and events are commonpla... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Next Programme Follows Almost Immediately",
"text": "\"We'll go on a trip to Gravel Hall\" Audience (in unison): \"Can we come too?\" CMD: \"Yes, it's about time you all came to!\" A: \"Lance Lieutenant Tooting reporting for duty sir.\" FX: Beep beep B: \"What was that?\" A: \"Me sir, Tootin... | [
"all saints day",
"the solemnity of all saints",
"all-saints' day",
"all saints' day",
"hallowmas",
"all saints sunday",
"solemnity of all saints",
"the feast of all saints",
"tutti i santi",
"all hallows' day",
"all saint's day",
"all saints'",
"all saints day",
"all saints' day",
"feas... |
on oct 28, 1919, the united states congress shat upon the american people by passing the volstead act, which lead the way to what 14 year period of darkness and despair? | [
{
"title": "Prohibition in the United States",
"text": "December 18, 1918. Upon being approved by a 36th state on January 16, 1919, the amendment was ratified as a part of the Constitution. By the terms of the amendment, the country went dry one year later, on January 17, 1920. On October 28, 1919, Congress... | [] | [
{
"title": "An Act further to protect the commerce of the United States",
"text": "the expense of the United States. APPROVED, July 9, 1798. An Act further to protect the commerce of the United States An Act further to protect the commerce of the United States, (5th Congress, Sess. 2, ch. 68, ) is an act of... | [
"alcohol prohibition",
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"dry law",
"dry laws",
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"kieltolaki",
"prohibition of alcohol",
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"prohibiton",
"prohibitionists",
"prohibition (historical)",
"prohibition in finland",
"anti alcohol"
] |
played by lee majors, steve austin, astronaut, a man barely alive, becomes who? | [
{
"title": "Lee Majors",
"text": "a starring role as Colonel Steve Austin, an ex-astronaut with bionic implants in \"The Six Million Dollar Man\", a 1973 television movie broadcast on ABC. In 1974, the network decided to turn it into a weekly series. The series became an international success, being screene... | [] | [
{
"title": "Steve Austin (character)",
"text": "than the literary counterpart, although numerous episodes show Austin being frustrated at being a \"bionic lap dog\" for the OSI. Austin's backstory is barely described by Caidin. The TV series, however, introduced his mother and stepfather (who live in Ojai, ... | [
"rudy wells",
"bionic man",
"6 million dollar man",
"the bionic man",
"$6000000 man",
"the six million dollar man",
"six million dollar man",
"$6,000,000 man"
] |
in the star wars universe, what rank falls between padawan and jedi master? | [
{
"title": "Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice",
"text": "command over certain aspects of the assignment, which gives Obi-Wan added responsibility on his journey toward becoming a Jedi Knight. The books include (in chronological order): Special Editions Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice is a pop... | [] | [
{
"title": "Star Wars: The Last of the Jedi",
"text": "Star Wars: The Last of the Jedi The Last of the Jedi is a series of young adult science fiction novels written by Jude Watson, begun in 2005. The series is set in the fictional \"Star Wars\" Universe, in the time period between the end of \"\" and a few... | [
"jedi knights",
"jedi knight (disambiguation)",
"jedi knights (disambiguation)",
"jedi knight"
] |
21 october, 1833 saw the birth of swedish scientist alfred nobel, who amassed his considerable fortune following his invention of what? | [
{
"title": "Alfred Nobel",
"text": "prizes, suggesting they were intended to improve his reputation. Alfred Nobel Alfred Bernhard Nobel (; ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist. Known for inventing dynamite, Nobel also owned Bofors, ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Alfred Nobel",
"text": "survives in modern-day companies such as Dynamit Nobel and AkzoNobel, which are descendants of mergers with companies Nobel himself established. Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriet... | [
"dynamite",
"dynamited",
"dinamite"
] |
what band worried that “you shook me all night long” before offering themselves as “guns for hire” which resulted in a “touch too much” but were finally satisfied with “moneytalks”? | [
{
"title": "You Shook Me All Night Long",
"text": "You Shook Me All Night Long \"You Shook Me All Night Long\" is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, from the album \"Back in Black\". The song also reappeared on their later album \"Who Made Who\". AC/DC's first single with Brian Johnson as the lead s... | [] | [
{
"title": "Touch Me (All Night Long)",
"text": "Touch Me (All Night Long) \"Touch Me (All Night Long)\" is the title of a 1984 single by American singer Fonda Rae. It was a minor hit for her and the band Wish in 1984 and was featured in the film \"\". In the original, it is alternately spelled as \"Tuch Me... | [
"ac/dc"
] |
used in place of a net, what is the name for the pole with a sharp hook on the end of it used to boat large fish? | [
{
"title": "Fishing gaff",
"text": "gaff\" is a specialized type of gaff used for securing and controlling very large fish. The hook part of the gaff (the head) detaches when sufficient force is used, somewhat like a harpoon's dart. The head is secured to the boat with a length of heavy rope or cable. Fishi... | [] | [
{
"title": "I Used to Be a Fish",
"text": "I Used to Be a Fish I Used to be a Fish is a book written by Tom Sullivan for ages 4–8. A boy imagines his pet fish tells him the story of evolution. The 48-page book is drawn in 3 colors: red, blue and white. It was described as similar in style to Dr Seuss by som... | [
"gaff (disambiguation)",
"gaff"
] |
as part of a purification ritual, what is it that sumo wrestlers throw in the ring before they engage in combat? | [
{
"title": "Sumo",
"text": "Sumo The sport originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally. It is considered a \"gendai budō\", which refers to modern Japanese martial art, but the sport has a history spanning many centuries. Many ancient traditions have been preserved in sumo, an... | [] | [
{
"title": "Ritual purification",
"text": "brahmins, especially those engaged in the temple worship. An important part of ritual purification in Hinduism is the bathing of the entire body, particularly in rivers considered holy such as the Ganges; it is considered auspicious to perform this form of purifica... | [
"salt crystal",
"salt refining",
"table salt",
"table salt",
"dietary salt",
"kitchen salt",
"edible salt",
"salt (compound)",
"salt production",
"salt",
"refining salt",
"salt crystals",
"normal salt",
"salt (food)",
"refined salt",
"manufacture of salt",
"common salt",
"sodium sa... |
what was the name of the scottish clan featured in the tv show and movies highlander? | [
{
"title": "Highlander: The Series",
"text": "episodes of \"The Methos Chronicles\" were produced by fans, and all can be seen on Youtube. In the TV series, \"Reaper\", season 1, episode 15 (\"Coming to Grips\"), Bert \"Sock\" Wysocki pretends to be Duncan MacLeod as he wields the scythe \"vessel\" they are... | [] | [
{
"title": "You're in the Movies",
"text": "Burt Reynolds fronted a series of TV and magazine advertising spots for the game. The commercials featured Reynolds using his long and illustrious career as a part of the tinsel town A-list, starring in more than 90 feature films to date, to show would be leading ... | [
"mcleod",
"macleod",
"macleod",
"mcleod"
] |
oct 26, 1881 saw the famous gunfight at the o.k. corral, which pitted the earps and doc holliday against the clanton and mclaury brothers, in what famous old west town? | [
{
"title": "Cochise County in the Old West",
"text": "along with Doc Holliday in a confrontation with five outlaw Cowboys: Wesley Fuller, Tom and Frank McLaury, Billy Claiborne and Ike Clanton. The Cowboys were armed in violation of a city ordinance prohibiting carrying weapons in town. This shootout became... | [] | [
{
"title": "Family feuds in the United States",
"text": "had occurred on October 26, 1881, and was itself the climax of the Earp–Clanton family feud, simmering since the summer of 1880. Tensions between the Earps and both the Clantons and McLaurys increased through 1881, culminating in the historic gunfight... | [
"tombstone, arizona territory"
] |
having originated in germany, what is the name of the dog breed that competes in the eponymous wiener dog races? | [
{
"title": "Wiener-Dog (film)",
"text": "the film a positive review writing: \"These last minutes are the best in the film and by far the most visually dazzling, even though Ed Lachman’s cinematography throughout stands as a model of subtle and elegant compositional skill tested by what are, for the most pa... | [] | [
{
"title": "Rare breed (dog)",
"text": "rare when brought to other parts of the world for pets or (rarely) to do the work for which they originally developed. An example is the Kuchi dog, a livestock guardian dog type which originated with the nomadic Kuchi people of Central Asia, and is now marketed in Eur... | [
"dackle",
"dachsaund",
"dachshund (miniature smooth haired",
"minature dachshund",
"wiener-dog",
"mini daschund",
"wire haired daschshund",
"dachshünd",
"dacshund",
"dachshund (smooth haired)",
"dachshund (long haired)",
"teckle",
"dachshunds",
"daschunds",
"teckels",
"badger dog",
... |
what large hospitality chain owns and operates the mid-priced courtyard hotel chain? | [
{
"title": "Courtyard by Marriott",
"text": "June 2017, there are 1145 Courtyard Marriott Hotels worldwide. In 2017, a Courtyard Marriott Hotel became the first American chain hotel to open on the Island of Bonaire, and through a partnership with local dive shop chain, Dive Friends Bonaire, became the first... | [] | [
{
"title": "Malmaison (hotel chain)",
"text": "120 jobs. Malmaison (hotel chain) Malmaison operates fifteen hotels in the United Kingdom. The company was established in 1994, and is now owned by Singapore-based Frasers Hospitality Group. Malmaison was founded by Scottish hotelier Ken McCulloch in 1994 in co... | [
"marriott",
"marriot",
"marriott (disambiguation)"
] |
the pips where the backing singers for what “empress of soul”? | [
{
"title": "Gladys Knight & the Pips",
"text": "Gladys Knight & the Pips Gladys Knight & the Pips were an R&B/soul family musical act from Atlanta, Georgia that remained active on the music charts and performing circuit for three decades. Starting out as simply The Pips in 1952, derived from a cousin's nick... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Soul Clan",
"text": "soul music.\" From February 6, 1968, The Soul Clan recorded a single \"Soul Meeting\" b/w \"That's How It Feels\" (Atlantic 2530), and a 1969 album, \"The Soul Clan\", featuring both sides of the single and several solo tracks from the individual Clan members. In \"Sweet... | [
"gladys knight",
"gladys maria knight",
"empress of soul",
"gladys knight & ron winans' chicken & waffles",
"empress of soul"
] |
october 27, 1858 saw the birth of what total badass, who spent time as new york city police commissioner, assistant secretary of the navy, 33rd governor of new york, and 25th vice president of the us, before going on to a few other impressive jobs? | [
{
"title": "New York City Police Commissioner",
"text": "force. Theodore Roosevelt, in one of his final acts as Governor of New York before becoming Vice President of the United States in March 1901, continued reforms he began when he was Police Superintendent by signing legislation that replaced the police... | [] | [
{
"title": "History of the New York City Police Department",
"text": "the Police Commissioner. In 1995, Gertrude LaForgia was appointed as the first female Assistant Chief Borough Commander. History of the New York City Police Department The New York City Police Department (NYPD) had it origins in the city ... | [
"t ros",
"feddy roosevelt",
"26th president of the united states",
"trust buster",
"the cowboy president",
"teddy roosevelt",
"theodore roosavelt",
"president theodore roosevelt",
"theodor roosevelt",
"teddy rose",
"teddy roosevelt",
"theodore roosevelt",
"t. roosevelt",
"teodoro roosevelt... |
valance, fitted and flat are all types of what? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Peter Valance",
"text": "Peter Valance Peter Valance (born June 4, 1980, Riedlingen) is a German illusionist. He was the youngest winner of all times of the Merlin Award. This award, which is the highest honor in the international magic community, was also given to David Copperfield, Siegfried &... | [
"sheets"
] |
what is the name for money paid out to shareholders of a company out of the corporate profits, based on the number of owned shares? | [
{
"title": "Companies of the United States with untaxed profits",
"text": "the overall U.S. tax on corporate profits of 35% is less than or similar to that of European countries such as Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, which have lower corporate tax rates but higher taxes on dividends p... | [] | [
{
"title": "Financial history of the Dutch Republic",
"text": "of paid-in capital by partners. As this had been a right of shareholders in other such partnerships it necessitated a feasible alternative for the direct liquidation of the interest of shareholders in the company. The solution was to enable shar... | [
"patronage dividend",
"patronage refund",
"dividends",
"dividend",
"quarterly dividends",
"interim dividend",
"stock dividend",
"divident",
"dividents",
"share dividend",
"cash dividend"
] |
book stieg larsson – the girl with the dragon tattoo and the girl who kicked the hornets' nest | [
{
"title": "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest",
"text": "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (original title in , literally, \"the air castle that was blown up\") is the third novel in the best-selling \"Millennium\" series by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson. It was ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest",
"text": "manuscript for publication. Norstedts commissioned Steve Murray under the pen-name of Reg Keeland to undertake the English translation. Alfred A. Knopf bought the rights to the book, along with the preceding two volumes in the series, after Larsso... | [
"the girl who played with fire",
"girl who played with fire",
"the girl who played with fire",
"flickan som lekte med elden",
"tgwpwf",
"dimensions in mathematics",
"l. c. parnault",
"alexander zalachenko"
] |
the maine coon is a breed of what popular pet? | [
{
"title": "Maine Coon",
"text": "three times, which led to the formation of the Maine Coon Cat Club in 1973. The breed was finally accepted by the CFA under provisional status on 1 May 1975, and was approved for championship status on 1 May 1976. The next couple of decades saw a rise in popularity of the M... | [] | [
{
"title": "Maine Coon",
"text": "cited as having \"dog-like\" characteristics. Professionals notice certain health problems in the breed including feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hip dysplasia, but reputable breeders use modern screening methods to minimize the frequency of these problems. The ances... | [
"housecat",
"felis silvestris catus",
"cats have 9 lives",
"moggies",
"moggie",
"felis catus",
"alley-cat",
"🐈",
"felis domesticus catus",
"cats",
"house cat",
"domestic feline",
"evening crazies",
"common housecat",
"domestic cat",
"domestic cats",
"felis silverstris catus",
"tom... |
for a point each, name the 4 countries that share a physical border with the islamic republic of pakistan. | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan",
"text": "History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At t... | [
"india, afghanistan, iran, and china"
] |
hyundai, lg, kia, and samsung are all companies based in what country? | [
{
"title": "Hyundai Kia R&D Museum",
"text": "not collect or have their museums. The \"R&D Museum\" is one of the two automaker-owned museums in South Korea; the other being the Renault Samsung Motors Gallery, which was established in 1998. Hyundai Kia R&D Museum The Hyundai Kia R&D Museum was opened in 200... | [] | [
{
"title": "Kia Motors",
"text": "24,740 automobiles. However, during the Asian financial crisis, Kia declared bankruptcy in 1997; and in 1998 reached an agreement with Hyundai Motor Company to diversify by exchanging ownership between both companies. Hyundai Motor Company acquired 51% of the company, outbi... | [
"nam chosun",
"korea, republic of",
"so. korea",
"iso 3166-1:kr",
"r.o.k.",
"korea, republic of",
"korea, south",
"daehan minguk",
"republic of korea",
"s. korea",
"r. korea",
"south kroea",
"south korea",
"republican korea",
"korea (r.o.k.)",
"the republic of korea",
"korea south",
... |
in the human body, what is the name for the muscle that covers the shoulder? | [
{
"title": "Deltoid muscle",
"text": "purpose of supporting the entire body weight. Deltoid muscle The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. It is also known as the 'common shoulder muscle', particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat. Anatomically, it ap... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Description of the Human Body",
"text": "soul. A sick or injured body does not do what we want or moves in ways we do not want. He believed the death of the body stopped it from being fit to bring about movement. This did not necessarily happen because the soul left the body. René Descartes ... | [
"deltoid (disambiguation)",
"deltoid"
] |
what is the name for the affluent district in southwest seoul, korea, which boasts the highest land values in the entire country? | [
{
"title": "Real estate in South Korea",
"text": "Real estate in South Korea Real estate in South Korea Gangnam refers to three \"gu\"s (wards) in southern part of Seoul, south of Han River, which includes Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu. Apartment prices in Gangnam are the highest in South Korea, accor... | [] | [
{
"title": "Guro District, Seoul",
"text": "Guro District, Seoul Guro District (Guro-gu) is a district of Seoul, South Korea, which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1, 1980. Located in the southwestern part of the city, where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District h... | [
"gangnam",
"gangnam (disambiguation)",
"kangnam",
"강남"
] |
what latin phrase, which translates as "you should have the body" is taken to mean a legal action which requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge. | [
{
"title": "Operation Spectrum",
"text": "the re-arrests, which \"did not come as a surprise\" to the government. \"See Changes to the law\" After the re-arrests, four of the detainees – Teo Soh Lung, Kenneth Tsang Chi Seng, Wong Souk Yee and Kevin Desmond de Souza – were issued with one-year detention orde... | [] | [
{
"title": "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?",
"text": "a necessary precondition for understanding the mind-body problem. Dennett denies Nagel's claim that the bat's consciousness is inaccessible, contending that any \"interesting or theoretically important\" features of a bat's consciousness would be amenable ... | [
"writ of habeas corpus",
"habeas corpus ad deliberandum et recipiendum",
"hábeas corpus",
"habeas corpus ad respondendum",
"writ of habeus corpus",
"28 u.s.c. ss 2254",
"habeas corpus ad satisfaciendum",
"habeus corpus",
"habeas",
"habeas corpus",
"habeaus corpus",
"criminal procedure act 170... |
the gunfight at the o.k. corral pitted the earps against the clantons. in what territorial city did the gunfight take place? | [
{
"title": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral",
"text": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizo... | [] | [
{
"title": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral",
"text": "Incident Near the O.K. Corral.\" Stuart Lake titled his chapter about the conflict \"At the O.K. Corral\" in his popular book \"\". But it was the popular movie \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" that cemented the incident and its erroneous location in popular... | [
"tombstone, az",
"tombstone arizona",
"tombstone, az",
"tombstone, arizona",
"tombstone district",
"tombstone (city, arizona)"
] |
immortalized in an 1854 poem by alfred, lord tennyson, the charge of the light brigade, a military disaster for the english, occurred during what 1854 war? | [
{
"title": "The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)",
"text": "The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem) \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. He wrote it on December 2, 1854... | [] | [
{
"title": "Charge of the Light Brigade",
"text": "Mr. Hayes Fisher, M.P., who presided, said that the last pensioned survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade died on the previous day. His name was Thomas Warr. The last survivor was Edwin Hughes of the 13th Light Dragoons, who died on the 18th May 1927, ... | [
"russo-turkish war, 1853-56",
"war of crimea",
"crimean expedition",
"crimea war",
"crimean war",
"crimean war",
"crimean struggle",
"paris peace conference, 1856",
"baltic campaign of 1854",
"crimean war (1853)",
"cremean war",
"eastern war",
"crim war",
"russian war",
"the crimean war"... |
in a patent attempt to curry favor with president frankly pierce, what washington county was named for the democratic vice president at the time of a request for statehood? | [
{
"title": "Pierce County, Washington",
"text": "Pierce County, Washington Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 795,225, making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County. The county seat and largest city is Tacoma. For... | [] | [
{
"title": "Vice President of the United States",
"text": "the election of 1796, Federalist John Adams won the presidency, but his bitter rival, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson came second and became vice president. Thus, the president and vice president were from opposing parties; and Jefferson used... | [
"martin luther king junior county, washington",
"king county, washington",
"king county, wa",
"martin luther king county",
"king county",
"king county, washington",
"king county (washington)",
"king county, wa"
] |
a mere 2,134 feet shorter than mt. rainier, what is the second tallest peak in washington? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Mount Rainier",
"text": "of Colorado John Hickenlooper. After the 2015 restoration of the original name <q>Denali</q> to Mount McKinley in Alaska, debate over Mount Rainier's name intensified. Mount Rainier is the tallest mountain in Washington and the Cascade Range. This peak is located just ea... | [
"mount adams (washington)",
"mt. adams (washington)",
"pahto",
"geology of mount adams",
"team delta",
"mt adams"
] |
a group of producers acting together to fix prices are known as what? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Prices of production",
"text": "are fundamentally determined by the comparative labour requirements of those products, and therefore are constrained by the law of value. Since, however, not all goods are produced or reproducible goods, not all goods have production prices. A production price in ... | [
"restrictive trade practice",
"cartels",
"cartelizes",
"cartel"
] |
from the latin for kalium, what element, with an atomic number of 19, uses the symbol k? | [
{
"title": "Potassium",
"text": "lid of the container, and can detonate upon opening. Because of the highly reactive nature of potassium metal, it must be handled with great care, with full skin and eye protection and preferably an explosion-resistant barrier between the user and the metal. Ingestion of lar... | [] | [
{
"title": "Atomic number",
"text": "atomic numbers 1 to 118 have been observed. Synthesis of new elements is accomplished by bombarding target atoms of heavy elements with ions, such that the sum of the atomic numbers of the target and ion elements equals the atomic number of the element being created. In ... | [
"k (element)",
"potassium compounds",
"potassium metal",
"potasium",
"koal",
"potassium",
"k(+)",
"potassium ion",
"element 19",
"potassium metabolism",
"kalium",
"potassium in nutrition and human health"
] |
which legendary royal figure, the son of uther pendragon, was ably assisted by the wizard merlin and rode a horse named llamrei? | [
{
"title": "Uther Pendragon",
"text": "Uther Pendragon Uther Pendragon (; ), also known as King Uther, is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \"... | [] | [
{
"title": "Uther Pendragon",
"text": "Verulamium. Uther's family is based on some historical figures; Constantine on the historical Constantine III, a usurper claimant to the Roman throne from 407–411, and Constans on his son. Aurelius Ambrosius is Ambrosius Aurelianus, mentioned by Gildas, though his conn... | [
"arthurian legend",
"king arthur's family tree",
"arthur pendragon",
"arthur legend",
"arthurian legend",
"arthurian legends",
"king arthur's family tree",
"king arthur",
"arthur eld",
"the arthurian legend",
"arthuriad",
"arthurian legends",
"king arthur",
"legend of king arthur",
"arth... |
october 26, 1919 saw the birth of mohammed reza pahlavi, the last man to hold what title, as ruler of iran? | [
{
"title": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi",
"text": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (محمدرضاشاه Mohamad Rezā Ŝāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. M... | [] | [
{
"title": "Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran",
"text": "Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Reza Pahlavi (; born 31 October 1960) is the last heir apparent to the defunct throne of the Imperial State of Iran and is the current head of the exiled House of Pahlavi. He is the older son of the late Mohammad Re... | [
"shah-en-shah",
"shah-i-bangalah",
"shah family",
"shah bahadur",
"shah-en-shah",
"shāhanshāh",
"shahs",
"shahanshahs",
"khudavendigar",
"shahzadi",
"shah-an-shah",
"choresmshah",
"shahanshah",
"shah (royal title)",
"shah-i-buland iqbal",
"shah",
"huenkar",
"shāh",
"shah-an-sh... |
there are 5 current members of the un security council. for a point each, name them. | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council",
"text": "Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a ... | [
"china, france, russia, uk, and the us"
] |
dale carnegie's best-selling 1936 book is titled how to win friends and what people? | [
{
"title": "How to Win Friends and Influence People",
"text": "something \"diametrically opposite to the official German view.\" \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\" continues to have success even into the 21st century. The book ranks as the 11th highest selling non-fiction book on Amazon of all time... | [] | [
{
"title": "How to Win Friends and Influence People",
"text": "in publication, Carnegie originally began writing small booklets to go along with his courses. After one of his 14-week courses, he was approached by publisher Leon Shimkin of the publishing house Simon & Schuster. Shimkin urged Carnegie to writ... | [
"influential",
"influence (disambiguation)",
"influence"
] |
what can be a powered drink, a fish, and a highly decorated wwii us submarine? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "A Drink and a Quick Decision",
"text": "A Drink and a Quick Decision A Drink and a Quick Decision is the second album from British duo Grand National. The album was first released as a digital download on 18 June 2007, then released on CD and 12\" vinyl 11 September 2007 in the US, and 8 March 2... | [
"tang",
"táng",
"tāng",
"唐",
"t'ang",
"tang",
"tang (disambiguation)"
] |
on oct 28, 1886, the rotund one himself, grover cleveland, officially dedicated what us landmark? | [
{
"title": "USS Despatch (1873)",
"text": "for varied ceremonial duties. One of the most important of these ceremonial events occurred on 28 October 1886 when she transported President Grover Cleveland, his private secretary, and three members of his cabinet, to and from Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor f... | [] | [
{
"title": "Grover Cleveland Birthplace",
"text": "Grover Cleveland Birthplace The Grover Cleveland Birthplace is a registered historic site located in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is the only house museum dedicated to U.S. President Grover Cleveland. It was the home where Grover Cl... | [
"liberty, statue of",
"statue of liberty",
"fort wood national monument",
"staute of liberty",
"statue of liberty",
"azadliq statue",
"freiheitsstatue",
"liberty enlightening the world",
"statue of liberty, usa",
"statue of liberty",
"liberty enlightening the world",
"statue liberty",
"mothe... |
october 25, 1957 was the birthday of actress and comedian nancy cartwright. what tv character is she best known for? | [
{
"title": "Nancy Cartwright",
"text": "Nancy Cartwright Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and voice actress, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including... | [] | [
{
"title": "Lynn Cartwright",
"text": "Lynn Cartwright Lynn Cartwright (February 27, 1927 – January 2, 2004) was an American character actress known for her performance as the older version of Geena Davis' character, Dottie Hinson, in the 1992 film \"A League of Their Own\". She was born Doralyn Emma Cartwr... | [
"bart simpsons",
"bart simpson (i)",
"don't have a cow",
"bart (devil)",
"el barto",
"bartholomew j simpson",
"eat my shorts",
"b.j. simpson",
"%22¡ay, caramba!%22",
"bartmania",
"bartholomew j. simpson",
"eat my shorts!",
"bartholomew jo jo simpson",
"bart (simpsons)",
"el barto",
"br... |
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