Masaharu Morimoto Morimoto received practical training","psg_id":"2813764"},{"title":"Mario Batali","text":"misconduct. By the following day, four more women had come forward. Batali took a leave of absence from his position at the management company Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group. Producers of ABC's \"The Chew\" asked him to step aside temporarily, while his fellow co-hosts publicly addressed the allegations on air, and he was fired from the show on December 14, 2017. Food Network halted plans to release episodes of his television show \"Molto Mario\" after the allegations. Target announced it pulled Batali's pasta sauces and cookbooks out of sales. In May 2018, more accusations of sexual misconduct against Batali were","psg_id":"3157868"},{"title":"Mario Batali","text":"aired on an episode of \"60 Minutes\", and the New York Police Department confirmed it was investigating Batali for his past behavior including an alleged assault that took place at The Spotted Pig, a restaurant where Batali was an investor. Batali denied an allegation of sexual assault, but said \"My past behavior has been deeply inappropriate and I am sincerely remorseful for my actions.\" Days later, Batali's company B&B Hospitality Group announced it would be closing its three Las Vegas Strip restaurants after the Las Vegas Sands Corp. terminated the companies' relationship. Mario Batali Mario Francesco Batali (born September 19,","psg_id":"3157869"},{"title":"Stephanie Izard","text":"of appearances on \"Top Chef\" since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in \"Top Chef Duels\". In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\", where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef. Stephanie Izard was born in the Chicago suburb of Evanston, Illinois and grew up in Stamford, Connecticut, where she developed an interest in food from her parents. She earned a degree in sociology from the University of Michigan in 1998 before attending the Le Cordon","psg_id":"12093267"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"half-hour series pits select chefs against host Flay to see if they can create dishes that are better than his. As Flay's most successful series on Food Network the prior season, episode 5 of season 17, featuring Debbie Gibson and Katie Lee, was chosen as the 2018 lead-out show for season 14 of \"Food Network Star\". In 1996, Flay hosted \"The Main Ingredient with Bobby Flay\" on Lifetime Television. Twice a month, he hosts a cooking segment on CBS' \"The Early Show\". He hosted the reality television show \"America's Next Great Restaurant\" on NBC from March 2011 to May 2011","psg_id":"4582554"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"Bobby Flay Robert William Flay (born December 10, 1964) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and reality television personality. He is the owner and executive chef of several restaurants: Mesa Grill in Las Vegas and the Bahamas; Bar Americain in New York and at Mohegan Sun, Uncasville, Connecticut; Bobby Flay Steak in Atlantic City; Gato in New York, and Bobby's Burger Palace in 19 locations across 11 states. Flay has hosted several Food Network television programs, appeared as a guest and hosted a number of specials on the network. Flay is also featured on the \"Great Chefs\" television series. Flay","psg_id":"4582540"},{"title":"Mario Batali","text":"sexual misconduct allegations, he would step down from his role with this organization. In 2008, Batali and his wife Susi Cahn founded the Mario Batali Foundation, funding various children's educational programs and pediatric disease research. He supports the practice of Transcendental Meditation through the David Lynch Foundation. In a 2012 interview, Batali said that good Italian cooking was characterized by simplicity, an insight he attributed to his time working at a restaurant in Borgo Capanne, Italy. On December 11, 2017, \"Eater\", the restaurant news website, made public the accusations of four women who accused Batali of sexual harassment and sexual","psg_id":"3157867"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"Flay married Debra Ponzek, also a chef, on May 11, 1991. Flay and Ponzek divorced in 1993, and Flay married his second wife, Kate Connelly, in 1995. They have a daughter named Sophie. Flay and Connelly separated in 1998, and later divorced. Flay married actress Stephanie March, on February 20, 2005. According to media reports, March and Flay separated in March 2015 and their divorce was finalized on July 17, 2015. Flay has been dating Heléne Yorke since February 2016. Bobby Flay Robert William Flay (born December 10, 1964) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and reality television personality. He","psg_id":"4582559"},{"title":"Masaharu Morimoto","text":"at Nobu he got his start on the \"Iron Chef\" television show. Several months after the weekly run of \"Iron Chef\" ended in 1999, he left Nobu to collaborate with Starr Restaurants and opening his own \"Morimoto\" restaurant in Philadelphia in 2001. His first expansion was a Morimoto restaurant in Chelsea in New York City. Architecturally, this New York City restaurant has exposed concrete, a signature element of architect Tadao Ando, who designed the restaurant in collaboration with Goto Design Group and structural engineers Leslie E. Robertson Associates. Mr. Morimoto has restaurants in Mumbai and New Delhi called \"Wasabi\" and","psg_id":"2813761"},{"title":"Iron Chef America","text":"Masters\" involved Sakai and Flay, with the theme of trout. There, Sakai had made two dishes of note: one was gift-wrapped to commemorate the opening of Kitchen Stadium America, while the other was trout ice cream, a dish that would be repeatedly recalled and referred to later on when anyone used the ice cream maker. Other battles in \"Battle of the Masters\" were Morimoto taking on Batali, Morimoto taking on Wolfgang Puck, and a tag team battle where Morimoto and Flay teamed up against Sakai and Batali. \"Battle of the Masters\" was largely successful and a regular series was commissioned.","psg_id":"4436344"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"currently teaching classes, he occasionally visits when his schedule permits. Flay established the Bobby Flay Scholarship in 2003. This full scholarship to the French Culinary Institute is awarded annually to a student in the Long Island City Culinary Arts Program. Flay personally helps select the awardee each year. Flay opened Bobby's Burger Palace (BBP) in Lake Grove, Long Island on July 15, 2008. The restaurant is located at the Smith Haven Mall. A second location opened on December 5, 2008 at the Monmouth Mall in Eatontown, New Jersey, and a third location opened March 31, 2009 in The Outlets at","psg_id":"4582546"},{"title":"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay","text":"Bobby Flay. Upon Flay's arrival, he reveals the true nature of the show, and the \"Throwdown\" is initiated. In the Food Network's test kitchen, Flay and his two sous-chefs (Stephanie Banyas and Miriam Garron) experiment and prepare the particular dish, often opting for a variant of the dish. When Flay makes his appearance at a rival's event, he is usually greeted with surprise and confusion, although there has been one occasion where the challenged chef figured out that Flay would be appearing for a throwdown and ended up challenging him. Flay's comment was that he \"had been set up.\" However,","psg_id":"8515342"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"\"Design\", which originally aired on September 22, 2005. He had a small role as himself in the 2006 film \"East Broadway\", in which his wife, Stephanie March, had a larger role. \"Jeopardy!\" featured a special \"Throwdown with Bobby Flay\" category during the March 12, 2008, episode, in which each of the clues featured Flay. He participated in the 2008 Taco Bell All-Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game played at Yankee Stadium after the 2008 MLB All Star Game; Flay played for the National League. Flay is also mentioned in the movie Step Brothers in the \"derek comes for dinner\" scene.","psg_id":"4582556"},{"title":"Masaharu Morimoto","text":"has opened multiple locations of \"Morimoto\" around the world. In July 2010, he opened a Napa Valley location of his flagship \"Morimoto\" restaurant, followed in October 2010 by a Waikiki, Hawaii location, and a Maui location in October 2013. Morimoto Waikiki closed in December 2016. In 2018 the chef announced two new ventures for the neighborhood, branches of his \"Morimoto Asia\" and \"Momosan\" chains. In November 2012, Morimoto opened \"Tribeca Canvas\" in New York's Tribeca neighborhood, featuring Asian-inflected takes on American comfort food. After a string of bad reviews and flagging business, he closed the restaurant for a revamp in","psg_id":"2813762"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"of executive chef at Mesa Grill, which opened on January 15, 1991. Shortly after, he became a partner. In November 1993, Flay partnered with Laurence Kretchmer to open Bolo Bar & Restaurant in the Flatiron District, just a few blocks away from Mesa Grill. Flay opened a second Mesa Grill at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas in 2004, and in 2005 he opened Bar Americain, an American Brasserie, in Midtown Manhattan. He continued to expand his restaurants by opening Bobby Flay Steak in the Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey. This was followed by a third","psg_id":"4582544"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"In 2010, Flay was impersonated in the \"South Park\" cartoon episode Crème Fraiche. In 2011, Flay had recurring appearances in the final season of \"Entourage\" as the boyfriend of Ari Gold's wife. In 2012, Flay appeared on \"Portlandia\", in a director's cut of the episode . He showed director Jonathan Krisel how to make the perfect marionberry pancakes. Flay guest stars as himself on season two of the TV series \"Younger\", which initially aired in 2016. In 2018, he appeared as Fred Jones' uncle in the animated film \"Scooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost\". Flay hosted a weekly call-in show on","psg_id":"4582557"},{"title":"Iron Chef America","text":"on video, and presented a supplemental range of sustainable foods to be used in the battle, it fell to announcer Alton Brown to start the battle with the traditional \"\"Allez cuisine!\"\" This battle was also the first that carried a prize: $25,000 was donated to City Meals, a New York charity similar to Meals on Wheels in the names of the winning team. Iron Chef Flay and Chef Comerford defeated Iron Chefs Batali and Lagasse. On January 2, 2011, \"Battle Deep Freeze\" aired. The show featured Iron Chef Michael Symon and Chef Anne Burrell facing off against Iron Chef Cat","psg_id":"4436367"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"judge on \"Wickedly Perfect\", \"The Next Food Network Star\", and \"The Next Iron Chef\". He has cooked on \"Emeril Live\" and \"Paula's Party\". On \"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay\", the chef challenges cooks renowned for a specific dish or type of cooking to a cook-off of their signature dish. On Episode 5 of Season 4, Harlem chef Melba Wilson and Bobby squared off over who had the best chicken and eggnog waffles. While being interviewed on \"Conversations with Allan Wolper\" on WGBO 88.3FM, Wilson confessed that she had been nervous because Bobby brought a cast iron skillet. Having grown up in","psg_id":"4582549"},{"title":"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay","text":"During season 3 of the Nickelodeon sitcom \"iCarly\", a show called \"Food Fight\" on the fictional \"Food TV\" channel parodied \"Throwdown!\" with faux celebrity chef/host Ricky Flame (a play on Bobby Flay's name) challenging Carly, Sam, and Freddie to a cook-off over his spaghetti tacos. Following the format of \"Throwdown!\", Carly and her friends were led to believe they were being featured on a \"Food TV\" program when Ricky Flame surprised them with the throwdown. During season 27 episode 2 of the Simpsons, Scotty Boom from the Chew Network challenges Homer to an \"Eatdown. \" Throwdown! with Bobby Flay Throwdown!","psg_id":"8515345"},{"title":"Food Network","text":"personalities for a themed cooking event. Food Network airs infomercials on Sundays from 4:00 to 9:30 a.m. ET, Monday through Thursdays from 5:00 to 9:30 a.m. ET, and on Fridays and Saturdays from 4:00 to 7:00 a.m. ET. The UK channel has a teleshopping window from 03.00 to 06.00 (UK time GMT/BST as applicable) daily. Mario Batali and Bobby Flay joined the network in 1995. In 1996, Erica Gruen, the network's CEO, and Joe Langhan, an executive producer at the Food Network, created \"Emeril Live!\", which became the channel's signature series. Although Batali has moved on to other endeavours, Flay","psg_id":"3030153"},{"title":"Cat Cora","text":"and lounge style restaurant, opened at Terminal 2 at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) in April 2011. Later in 2011, a Cat Cora's Kitchen was opened in Terminal E of the Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). Cora also operated Kouzzina by Cat Cora at Disney's Boardwalk Resort at The Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. Kouzzina closed on September 30, 2014. On July 12th 2015 Cora was inducted into the American Academy of Chefs® (AAC®) Hall of Fame by The American Culinary Federation, becoming the first female chef ever to receive this recognition. Cora opened The Ocean Restaurant at the","psg_id":"4893875"},{"title":"Mario Batali","text":"was settled by Batali (and B&B) with 117 members of the restaurant staff, who alleged that the Batali organization had skimmed a percentage of the tip pools in his restaurants over a period of years. Batali is a critic of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, a method of natural gas extraction. He has signed onto the cause of Chefs for the Marcellus, whose mission is to \"protect [New York's] regional foodshed from the dangers of hydraulic fracturing for natural gas (fracking).\" In May 2013, Batali co-wrote an opinion article with chef Bill Telepan for the New York \"Daily News\",","psg_id":"3157865"},{"title":"Cat Cora","text":"In March 2006, Cora was the Grand Marshal for Hal and Mal's St. Paddy's Parade in her hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. In the September 2006 issue of \"FHM\", Cora was featured in the cooking section, where she demonstrated various recipes using items purchased from a convenience store. Cat Cora also belongs to Macy's Culinary Councils, along with Tyler Florence, Rick Bayless, and others. She has worked as an entertainer for The Olivia Companies, a travel company catering to the lesbian market. In 2008, she had a voice role for the video game \"\". The eponymous Cat Cora, a new bar","psg_id":"4893874"},{"title":"Mario Batali","text":"in which the two wrote that \"Fracking ... could do serious damage to [New York's] agricultural industry and hurt businesses, like ours, that rely on safe, healthy, locally sourced foods.\"Batali was the subject of a 2007 book titled \"Heat\" by Bill Buford which detailed his philosophy to various aspects of social activism as well as cooking and life. Batali served as an ambassador and on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides a daily meal to students of township schools in Soweto, South Africa. As of December 2017, Batali released in response to the","psg_id":"3157866"},{"title":"Iron Chef","text":"the nephew of Takeshi Kaga). The show received high ratings and rave reviews and in October 2004, Food Network began taping weekly episodes that premiered starting in January 2005. Some changes were made to the show, most notably replacing Puck with Morimoto as an Iron Chef (a fourth, Cat Cora, was added later), and the location was moved from Los Angeles to New York City. The fifth Iron Chef, Michael Symon, was added for his win in \"The Next Iron Chef\". In 2009, Chef Jose Garces became the sixth Iron Chef following his victory in the second season of \"The","psg_id":"470656"},{"title":"Cat Cora","text":"Kitchen; a number of airports across the country including George Bush International Airport in Houston and Salt Lake City International Airport, where in 2011 and 2012, Cat Cora's Kitchen and Cat Cora's Gourmet markets were opened. She has also appeared on \"Simplify Your Life\", was a co-host of the Food Network show \"Kitchen Accomplished\", and in 2011 she launched her own line of cookware in conjunction with Starfrit, Canada's leading purveyor of food preparation products. In January 2005 Cora co-founded Chefs For Humanity, which describes itself as \"a grassroots coalition of chefs and culinary professionals guided by a mission to","psg_id":"4893872"},{"title":"Webster Hall","text":"and the taping of Fuji Television Network's \"Iron Chef\" \"New York Special\" between Bobby Flay and Masaharu Morimoto. The venue offers five different rooms. As real estate development pressure grew exponentially in the East Village during the 2000s, the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation saw the need to protect the scale and character of many of the East Village’s unique historic structures. In the summer of 2007, GVSHP supplied the Landmarks Preservation Commission with extensive research on the history of Webster Hall, and urged the LPC to landmark the site. Shortly thereafter the LPC commissioners voted to consider the","psg_id":"7565847"},{"title":"Iron Chef America","text":"people who participated in the featured moments. In 2007, a competition was held to determine who among eight chefs would become the next Iron Chef. The show ran for six episodes, and followed the contestants through a series of eight culinary challenges taking place in the United States, France, and Germany. Contestants were eliminated by a panel of judges at the end of each episode, until the final two chefs returned to the United States to compete in Kitchen Stadium. The final battle featured swordfish as the secret ingredient, and was judged by Iron Chefs Flay, Cora, and Morimoto. Chef","psg_id":"4436376"},{"title":"Food Network Magazine","text":"\"Food Network Magazine\" include Alton Brown, Guy Fieri, Bobby Flay, Ina Garten, Michael Symon, Melissa d'Arabian, Rachael Ray, Tyler Florence, Ellie Krieger, Ted Allen, Morimoto, Aida Mollenkamp, Anne Burrell, Aarón Sanchez, Jose Garces, Pat Neely, Sunny Anderson and Nigella Lawson. Accolades earned by the magazine include being named \"Launch of the Year\" by \"Folio\", \"Advertising Age\" and \"Min\". In April 2010, \"Food Network Magazine\" was listed as #1 on Adweek's Hot List \"10 under 60\" for their first eligible year. Food Network Magazine Food Network Magazine is a monthly food entertainment magazine founded by Hearst Corporation and Scripps Networks Interactive","psg_id":"14589494"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"the tenth and largest Bobby's Burger Palace site at Maryland Live! Casino in Hanover, Maryland, on June 7, 2012. Bobby's Burger Palace also has an 11th location, in College Park, Maryland. In total, BBP has nineteen locations in eleven states and the District of Columbia. The original Mesa Grill in New York closed in September 2013 following a proposed rent increase by the landlord. Flay has been featured in several episodes of Great Chefs television including: Flay has hosted fourteen cooking shows and specials on Food Network and Cooking Channel, of which eight continue to run: Flay served as a","psg_id":"4582548"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"was born in New York to Bill and Dorothy Flay. He was raised on the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan. He is a fourth generation Irish American and was raised Catholic, attending denominational schools. At age 8, Flay asked for an Easy-Bake Oven for Christmas, despite his father's objections; his father thought that a G.I. Joe would be more gender-appropriate. He received both toys. Flay dropped out of high school at age 17. He has said his first jobs in the restaurant industry were at a pizza parlor and Baskin-Robbins. He then took a position making salads at Joe","psg_id":"4582541"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"Allen Restaurant in Manhattan's Theater District, where his father was a partner. The proprietor, Joe Allen, was impressed by Flay's natural ability and agreed to pay his partner's son's tuition at the French Culinary Institute. Flay received a degree in culinary arts and was a member of the first graduating class of the French Culinary Institute in 1984. After culinary school, he started working as a sous-chef, quickly learning the culinary arts. At the Brighton Grill on Third Avenue, Flay was handed the executive chef's position after a week when the executive chef was fired. Flay quit when he realized","psg_id":"4582542"},{"title":"Mario Batali","text":"attended Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey while working as a cook at the pub/restaurant Stuff Yer Face. In 1994, he married Susi Cahn. He is son-in-law to Miles and Lillian Cahn, founders of Coach Inc. At 29, Batali was a sous chef at the Four Seasons Biltmore after previously working as a sous chef for the then Four Seasons Clift Hotel San Francisco, (since 1995, known as \"The Clift\", under changed ownership). Early in his career, Batali worked with chef, Jeremiah Tower at his San Francisco restaurant, \"Stars.\" \"Stars\" was open from 1984 until 1999 and is considered","psg_id":"3157863"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"Bergen Town Center in Paramus, New Jersey. His fourth shop opened at the Mohegan Sun Casino in southeast Connecticut on July 1, 2009, which is also the location of his second Bar Americain, which opened on November 18, 2009. His fifth location of the burger chain opened in Philadelphia's University City on April 6, 2010. The sixth location of Bobby's Burger Palace opened in Washington, D.C., at 2121 K Street in Northwest on August 16, 2011. On December 5, 2011, Flay opened the ninth location of Bobby's Burger Palace in Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York. Flay opened","psg_id":"4582547"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"Mesa Grill in the Bahamas, located in The Cove at Atlantis Paradise Island, which opened on March 28, 2007. The Las Vegas Mesa Grill earned Flay his only Michelin Star in 2008, which was taken away in the 2009 edition. Michelin did not publish a 2010 or 2011 Las Vegas edition, so the star could not be re-earned. Bolo Bar & Restaurant closed its doors on December 31, 2007, to make way for a condominium. Aside from his restaurants and television shows, Flay has been a master instructor and visiting chef at the French Culinary Institute. Although he is not","psg_id":"4582545"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"Sirius XM Satellite Radio. He offered advice to men on \"everything from sports to current issues\", although food was the focus. Flay has authored several cookbooks, including: Flay has a personal interest in Thoroughbred horse racing. He is the owner of more than one graded stakes race winner, including More Than Real, who won the prestigious 2010 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf and part owner of Creator, who won the third jewel of the triple crown the Belmont stakes. He serves on the Breeders' Cup board of directors. He was a candidate for chairman in 2014, but was not elected.","psg_id":"4582558"},{"title":"Bobby Flay","text":"he was not ready to run a kitchen. He took a position as a chef working for restaurateur Jonathan Waxman at Bud and Jams. Waxman introduced Flay to southwestern and Cajun cuisine, which came to define his culinary career. After working for a short time on the floor at the American Stock Exchange, Flay returned to the kitchen as the executive chef at Miracle Grill in the East Village, where he worked from 1988 to 1990. He caught the attention of restaurateur Jerome Kretchmer, who was looking for a southwestern-style chef. Impressed by Flay's food, Kretchmer offered him the position","psg_id":"4582543"},{"title":"Cat Cora","text":"S.E.A. Aquarium at Resorts World Sentosa off Singapore in February 2013. The 63 seat restaurant is inside the world's largest oceanarium and has stunning views of deep-sea wildlife from every table. Cora is currently the co-host of \"Around the World in 80 Plates\", an American reality competition show that premiered on May 9, 2012 on the Bravo cable TV network. Cora co-hosted the 2017 FOX reality cooking series \"My Kitchen Rules\". Cora married her longtime partner Jennifer in June 2013, and the couple have four sons together via in vitro fertilization. All four embryos were fertilized by the same sperm","psg_id":"4893876"},{"title":"American cuisine","text":"Cora, Michael Symon, Bobby Flay, Ina Garten, Todd English, Anthony Bourdain, Guy Fieri, Colonel Sanders and Paula Deen. Regional chefs are emerging as localized celebrity chefs with growing broader appeal, such as Peter Merriman (Hawaii Regional Cuisine), Jerry Traunfeld, Alan Wong (Pacific Rim cuisine), Norman Van Aken (New World Cuisine – fusion Latin, Caribbean, Asian, African and American), and Mark Miller (American Southwest cuisine). American cuisine American cuisine reflects the history of the United States, blending the culinary contributions of various groups of people from around the world, including indigenous American Indians, African Americans, Asians, Europeans, Pacific Islanders, and South","psg_id":"23720"},{"title":"Cristeta Comerford","text":"on January 2, 2010. She was teamed up with Bobby Flay and competed against a team of Emeril Lagasse and Mario Batali. As chef to a head of state, Comerford is a member of Le Club des Chefs des Chefs. She lives in Columbia, Maryland, with her husband, John, and their daughter Danielle. Cristeta Comerford Cristeta Pasia Comerford (born October 27, 1962) is a Filipino-American chef who has been the White House Executive Chef since 2005. She is the first woman and first person of Asian descent to hold the post. Cristeta Comerford was born as Cristeta Gomez Pasia in","psg_id":"5806543"},{"title":"Iron Chef America","text":"episode on January 3, 2010. The episode, called \"The Super Chef Battle\", featured Iron Chef Mario Batali and Super Chef Emeril Lagasse against Iron Chef Bobby Flay and White House Executive Chef Cristeta Comerford in a battle that required the chefs to create an American meal, with the produce from the White House garden as the secret ingredient. First Lady Michelle Obama made a special appearance, welcoming the chefs to the White House, and announcing the secret ingredient. This battle was also notable as the first for which the Chairman was not present in Kitchen Stadium. Although the Chairman appeared","psg_id":"4436366"},{"title":"Ted Allen","text":"as a sous chef to Iron Chef Masaharu Morimoto and chef Robert Irvine in a special \"Holiday Battle\", pitting the Food Network stars against reps of the sister network Cooking Channel, Ben Sergeant, Nadia G, and Michael Symon. Morimoto's team won. In May 2012, Allen received a James Beard Foundation Award for his work as the host of \"Chopped\", and the show itself also won for best in-studio television program. In 2004, he won an Emmy Award along with the other cast members and producers of \"Queer Eye\" for \"Outstanding Reality Program\" from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.","psg_id":"2706177"},{"title":"Cat show","text":"with the number of cats that the cat has \"beaten\" in the ring. Cat show A cat show is a judged event where the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. Both pedigreed and companion (or moggy) cats are admissible, although the rules differ from organization to organization. Cats are compared to a breed standard, and the owners of those judged to be closest to it are awarded a prize. Moggy's are judged based on their temperament. Often, at the end of the year,","psg_id":"3819959"},{"title":"Cat show","text":"Cat show A cat show is a judged event where the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. Both pedigreed and companion (or moggy) cats are admissible, although the rules differ from organization to organization. Cats are compared to a breed standard, and the owners of those judged to be closest to it are awarded a prize. Moggy's are judged based on their temperament. Often, at the end of the year, all of the points accrued at various shows are added up and more","psg_id":"3819954"},{"title":"Great New York State Fair","text":"building hosts a variety of health and safety-related exhibitions. The Art & Home Center is home to a recently renovated demonstration kitchen, which has been the host of several celebrity cooking demonstrations by such notable chefs as Adam Richman, Bobby Flay, and Mario Batali. The Art & Home Center is the hub of all culinary, art, and craft exhibitions with New York's artists displaying their work in fine arts, photography, woodworking, quilting, and needle work. Each year, the Art & Home Center hosts its annual Women's Day Luncheon. In 2009, the building celebrated its 75th anniversary by celebrating the life","psg_id":"5359090"},{"title":"Michael Symon","text":"Chef\", a Cooking Channel show starring Symon, debuted in July 2010. He described it as \"a show for the people who've watched Food Network forever and are ready to learn something more advanced or more creative.\" The show \"Food Feuds\", which featured Symon, premiered October 10, 2010. He travels to various locales and performs a direct comparison competition between local food rivals. On February 14, 2011, Symon appeared in a skit on the late-night talk show \"Conan\", in which a young couple had won a \"romantic\" Valentine's Day dinner date on the set. Conan O'Brien announced that Symon would be","psg_id":"11065926"},{"title":"Rúben Micael","text":"Tel Aviv F.C. for the remainder of the campaign. He scored his first goal for the side on 18 March 2017, in a 3–0 home win over Bnei Sakhnin FC. On 29 March 2011, Micael made his debut for Portugal, starting and scoring twice in a 2–0 friendly win with Finland in Aveiro. Porto Braga Rúben Micael Rúben Micael Freitas da Ressureição (born 19 August 1986), known as Micael, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Vitória F.C. as a midfielder. He totalled 150 Primeira Liga games and 18 goals during eight seasons, representing Nacional, Porto, Braga and Paços","psg_id":"13224945"},{"title":"What Will Fat Cat Sit On?","text":"What Will Fat Cat Sit On? What Will Fat Cat Sit On? is a 2007 children's picture book by Jan Thomas. Fat Cat wonders what to sit on. The animals are relieved that the cat will not sit on them, but they wonder about what the cat will have for lunch. The animals run off in terror. A \"Publishers Weekly\" review says, \"Eschewing anything that smacks of a setting (except for the comfy chair to which Fat Cat is directed) she renders her barnyard characters in super-saturated colors and thick, bold outlines. Mood swings generally have a bad name these","psg_id":"12498207"},{"title":"Rúben Micael","text":"Rúben Micael Rúben Micael Freitas da Ressureição (born 19 August 1986), known as Micael, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Vitória F.C. as a midfielder. He totalled 150 Primeira Liga games and 18 goals during eight seasons, representing Nacional, Porto, Braga and Paços de Ferreira, winning seven major honours with the second team and a further one with the third. A full Portuguese international since 2011, Micael was part of the squad at Euro 2012. Born in Câmara de Lobos, Madeira, Micael started his career with local C.F. União, making his professional debut at the age of 17.","psg_id":"13224939"},{"title":"Ryutaro Morimoto","text":"Ryutaro Morimoto is a Japanese singer and a member of the idol group Zero. Early on in his career, Morimoto was a trainee under Johnny & Associates and debuted in 2007. He was part of the group Hey! Say! JUMP, but he was suspended from the group in June 2011 following an underage smoking scandal and departed in 2012. In 2016, he returned to the entertainment industry as the singer and producer of the five-member group Zero. Morimoto auditioned for Johnny & Associates and his audition tape was aired on the variety show \"Ya-Ya-yah\" on August 12, 2004, along with","psg_id":"11598186"},{"title":"Rokusaburo Michiba","text":"often referred to the relationship between Michiba and Morimoto as that between master and student, especially after an episode when Michiba flew to New York to visit Morimoto's restaurant, Nobu. So supportive of Morimoto was Michiba that, before his infamous New York battle with chef Bobby Flay, Michiba gave Morimoto a large box of katsuobushi flakes with a hand-calligraphed message: \"respect the old, but seek out the new.\" Michiba made appearances throughout the 2012 revival of \"Iron Chef\" through interviews on former assistant Kenichi Miyanaga, a seat on the tasting panel and as a competitor against new Iron Chef Jun","psg_id":"3375570"},{"title":"Satoshi Morimoto","text":"a number of expert committees and advisory councils held by the Japanese government. He was instrumental in implementing the Three Principles (Transfer of Defence Equipment) policies in 2014, and the launch of Japan's only international defence trade show and conference, MAST Asia www.mastconfex.com Satoshi Morimoto Morimoto was born in Tokyo on 15 March 1941. He graduated from National Defense Academy of Japan in 1965. He received a master's degree from the Fletcher School at Tufts University in 1980. After graduation, Morimoto served with Japan Air Self-Defense Force until 1979 when he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.In 1992, he left","psg_id":"11856382"},{"title":"Supreme Cat Show","text":"title as the pedigree cats but these are for \"Master Cat\" titles as opposed to \"Champion\" and \"Premier\" ones. They then go on to compete to win the title of Supreme Non-Pedigree or Supreme Pedigree Pet Cat. Classes are also included for kittens, with both non pedigree and pedigree pet kittens competing for the title of Supreme Household Pet Kitten. Prior to 1992, there was no individual overall Best in Show Supreme Exhibit. Numerous activities take place alongside the competition judging. There are children's activities, such as judging of soft toys, and a large range of stalls selling cat related","psg_id":"14322698"},{"title":"Supreme Cat Show","text":"UK & Imperial Grand Premiers compete for a UK Grand Premier Certificate. In these classes several breeds may compete together. UK Grand Certificates are only awarded at the Supreme Show; two such Certificates from different judges give the cat the title of UK Grand Champion/Premier or UK & Imperial Grand Champion/Premier if it has additionally gained that title. There is no Reserve UK Grand Challenge/Premier Certificate. Best of Breed winners at the Supreme Show do not get certificates but compete against the other BOB winners in their section for Best of Variety. The seven Best of Variety Adults (Persian, Semi-Longhair,","psg_id":"14322696"},{"title":"Michael Symon","text":"The University of Texas. This was his first venture outside of the Midwest. On April 11, 2016 Symon opened Mabel's BBQ on East 4th Street adjacent to Lola. On May 1, 2017 Bar Symon opened in Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Concourse C. Symon often appears on behalf of Food Network. During the summer of 2009, he promoted the Food Network's video game \"Cook Or Be Cooked\" for Wii, which was released on November 3, 2009. Symon was one of the rotating hosts of Food Network's show \"Melting Pot\". He appeared on \"Sara's Secrets\" with Sara Moulton, \"Ready, Set, Cook\",","psg_id":"11065923"},{"title":"Micael Bindefeld","text":"Micael Bindefeld Micael Bindefeld (born 20 September 1959 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish planner of professional events parties in Stockholm. Bindefeld grew up in a Jewish middle-class family in Gothenburg. His father was an engineer and his mother was a dental nurse. Bindefeld educated himself to be a hairdresser; he became popular and started doing hair for celebrities in Stockholm. He organized his first event in 1987. He hosted \"Sommar i P1\", which was broadcast on Sveriges Radio in 2010. In 2014 he started the Micael Bindefeld foundation for the memory of the Holocaust. Bindefeld himself is Jewish and had","psg_id":"18999252"},{"title":"Micael Bindefeld","text":"relatives who were killed in the Holocaust. Micael Bindefeld Micael Bindefeld (born 20 September 1959 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish planner of professional events parties in Stockholm. Bindefeld grew up in a Jewish middle-class family in Gothenburg. His father was an engineer and his mother was a dental nurse. Bindefeld educated himself to be a hairdresser; he became popular and started doing hair for celebrities in Stockholm. He organized his first event in 1987. He hosted \"Sommar i P1\", which was broadcast on Sveriges Radio in 2010. In 2014 he started the Micael Bindefeld foundation for the memory of the","psg_id":"18999253"},{"title":"Michael Symon","text":"presenting them with their dinner—which he did, in the form of a Taco Party Pack from Taco Bell. In September 2011, Symon began co-hosting The Chew on ABC networks, a daily talk show that is centered on food-related and lifestyle topics. Symon has been the host of the television series \"Burgers, Brew and 'Que\" since 2015. Symon was featured in fellow Clevelander Michael Ruhlman's 2001 book, \"The Soul of a Chef: The Journey Toward Perfection\". The second part of the three-part book focuses on Symon's quest for culinary perfection. In 2009, Symon collaborated with Ruhlman to write his first cookbook,","psg_id":"11065927"},{"title":"What Will Fat Cat Sit On?","text":"days, but Thomas makes them a hoot\". Elizabeth Bird, of \"School Library Journal\" reviewed the book saying, \"Arguably the best of the overweight kitty genre, this is a crowd pleaser and bound to be a children's librarian's new best friend. Funny furry stuff\". Tasha Saecker, of Mensha Library, reviewed the book saying, \"One of the best and easiest readers out there. Pick this up for your preschooler or kindergartener who is starting to read\". What Will Fat Cat Sit On? What Will Fat Cat Sit On? is a 2007 children's picture book by Jan Thomas. Fat Cat wonders what to","psg_id":"12498208"},{"title":"Look What the Cat Dragged In","text":"most importantly, anti-social behavior (\"No. 1 Bad Boy,\" \"Look What the Cat Dragged In,\" \"Let Me Go to the Show,\" and \"Play Dirty\"). \"Talk Dirty to Me\" was written by guitarist C. C. DeVille prior to his joining the band. DeVille played it to Michaels, Rikki Rockett and Bobby Dall during his audition for the role as the band's guitarist. \"Talk Dirty to Me\" has been covered by several bands, including Children of Bodom and Reel Big Fish. It is also included as a playable cover track in \"\", with Michaels re-recording the vocals. In 2005, Madacy Entertainment reissued the","psg_id":"3607828"},{"title":"Iron Chef Showdown","text":"Chefs Bobby Flay, Jose Garces, Alex Guarnaschelli, and Michael Symon return for this series; they are joined by the newest Iron Chef, \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\" winner Stephanie Izard. During taping of the first season, Bobby Flay removed his chef's coat to reveal a T-shirt which read \"This is my last Iron Chef battle ever\"; he later confirmed that he has officially quit the \"Iron Chef\" franchise. Two challengers enter Kitchen Stadium and battle one another in a Chairman's Challenge based upon a secret ingredient. Alton Brown is the sole judge of this challenge and decides which of the two challengers","psg_id":"20428018"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"that the American Iron Chefs competed against each other, with the team of Bobby Flay and Michael Symon battling against Cat Cora and Masaharu Morimoto. There were two floor reporters for this special: regular floor reporter Kevin Brauch covered Flay and Symon while ICA judge Ted Allen covered Cora and Morimoto. In addition, Mark Ecko appeared early in the episode to present the new Iron Chef jackets and describe the design process. Iron Chefs Flay and Symon defeated Iron Chefs Cora and Morimoto by one point. First Lady Michelle Obama's White House Kitchen Garden was featured in a new special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"York for a special battle, he challenged Iron Chef Masaharu Morimoto to battle rock crab. After the hour battle ended, Flay stood on top of his cutting board and raised his arms in what one journalist wrote was \\\"in premature victory\\\". As Morimoto felt that real chefs consider cutting boards and knives as sacred, and being offended by Flay's flamboyant gesture, he criticized his professionalism, saying that Flay was \\\"not a chef\\\". Flay went on to lose the battle. Flay challenged Morimoto to a rematch in Morimoto's native Japan. This time, Flay won. Flay and Morimoto, both Iron Chefs on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"(Symon/Flay v. Cora/Morimoto) and Battle White House Produce (Batali/Lagasse v. Flay/Comerford). Per the introduction fiction from the \\\"Battle of the Masters\\\" miniseries (and ignoring story elements from the 2002 \\\"Iron Chef\\\" Japan Cup Special), Chairman Kaga (the character) has ordered his nephew to continue the tradition of Kitchen Stadium, initially in Los Angeles, where the \\\"Battle of the Master\\\"s took place, before establishing a permanent Kitchen Stadium in New York's Chelsea Market. For the \\\"Battle of the Masters\\\", the elder Chairman dispatched two Iron Chefs: Hiroyuki Sakai and Masaharu Morimoto. In Season 11, the show's fiction expanded to include international\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Symon\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Michael Symon's Live to Cook: Recipes and Techniques to Rock Your Kitchen\\\" (). The foreword is written by fellow Iron Chef Bobby Flay. It was published by Clarkson Potter and was released on November 3, 2009. On September 25, 2012, another cookbook was released named \\\"The Chew: Food. Life. Fun.\\\" (), co-authored by Symon along with fellow Iron Chef Mario Batali, long-time Food Network producer Gordon Elliott, Carla Hall, Clinton Kelly, and Daphne Oz. Three weeks later, Symon and Cleveland food writer Douglas Trattner collaborated to release his second offering, \\\"Michael Symon's Carnivore: 120 Recipes for Meat Lovers\\\" (). Beginning\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11065928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crème Fraîche (South Park)\",\n \"text\": \"cooking show Randy watches (and pleasures himself to) is Guy's Big Bite, starring Guy Fieri. Cartman impersonates Gordon Ramsay, which prompts other TV chefs to appear as well – Jamie Oliver, Mario Batali, Bobby Flay, Masaharu Morimoto, Alton Brown, Giada De Laurentiis, and Paula Deen. The virally popular \\\"Shake Weight\\\" commercial is largely referenced. Jamie Oliver's outcry is a reference to both the Channel 4 series broadcast \\\"Jamie's School Dinners\\\" and the American Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution. The theme song to Randy's cooking show is a parody of the \\\"Trololo\\\" song performed by Eduard Khil. The scene where Sharon \\\"elopes\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15075276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"November 29, 2009, Iron Chefs Morimoto and Flay faced off one-on-one again in Battle Egg Nog. The battle, which featured ice-carvers, was won by Morimoto by a single point. In an episode recorded in July 2010 and broadcast in March 2011, Montreal cooking show host Chuck Hughes beat Flay to become the youngest Canadian champ. In an interview afterward, Hughes recalled, \\\"When I met him I said, 'Hi Bobby,' and my voice cracked a bit and I gave him an official [Montreal] Canadiens jersey, to which he replied, 'Thank you so much — but it's not going to help.'\\\" The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"in which in the end he picks one restaurant team with whom to open a restaurant. The reality show was canceled after the first season due to low ratings. Flay had a cameo appearance in the Disney Channel original movie \\\"Eddie's Million Dollar Cook-Off\\\" as the host of the cook-off. He appeared on the television game show \\\"Pyramid\\\" with fellow Iron Chef Mario Batali as the guest celebrities in an episode originally airing on November 18, 2003. He appeared as a judge on the CBS television show \\\"Wickedly Perfect\\\" during the 2004–05 season. He also appeared in the \\\"\\\" episode\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"Chef\\\". With the exception of Symon and Garces (whose long sleeves were shortened for his second season on ICA), the jackets have long, turn-back sleeves. Colors differ by chef: charcoal grey (Flay), black (Symon), light blue (Cora), silver with a red undershirt (Morimoto), white with light brown trim (Batali), white with green trim (Lagasse, for Battle White House produce), brown with wide red edging (Garces), grey with white trim (Forgione), grey with black trim (Zakarian), and black with white trim (Guarnaschelli). \\\"Iron Chef\\\" with the chef's last name underneath is embroidered in the font from the show's logo on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America: Supreme Cuisine\",\n \"text\": \"and six dishes within a time limit, which are then judged by taste, visual appeal, and originality. The game features a chef school for the player to practice their skills in preparing dishes, a career mode in which players progress through a number of challengers before taking on the Iron Chefs, and an instant action quick play mode. The DS version features wireless multiplayer and a single-console \\\"Pass Play\\\" turn-based multiplayer mode. The game features the voice acting and likeness of Chairman Mark Dacascos, commentator Alton Brown and Iron Chefs Mario Batali, Masaharu Morimoto and Cat Cora, whom players can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11684241\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay Throwdown! with Bobby Flay is a Food Network television program in which celebrity chef Bobby Flay challenges cooks renowned for a specific dish or type of cooking to a cook-off of their signature dish. At the beginning of each show, Flay receives – via bicycle messenger – a package detailing the chef he is to compete against as well as the dish. Examples of opponents include a skilled chili maker or a famous wedding cake designer. After practicing and preparing the item in question, Flay shows up for a surprise competition (or \\\"Throwdown\\\"). During the competition,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8515340\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"one of the birthplaces of the institution of the celebrity chef. Batali appeared in the Food Network show \\\"Molto Mario\\\" which aired from 1996 to 2004 and made Batali a household name and popularized the Food Network. In 1998, Batali, Joe Bastianich and Lidia Bastianich formed the B&B Hospitality Group, also known as Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group. The flagship restaurant for B&B is Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca in New York City which has a Michelin star. Batali was a co-host of the ABC daytime talk show \\\"The Chew\\\" when it premiered in 2011 till 2017. In 2012, a lawsuit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beat Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"and Flay to cook in the second round which lasts for 45 minutes. The winner of the second round is determined by three judges in a blind taste test. Through 221 competitions Bobby Flay's win-loss record is 144 and 77 (). Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay is an American cooking competition show on the Food Network. It features various chefs competing against Iron Chef Bobby Flay. This show is taped in front of a live audience. In the first round, two guests, often a celebrity chef and a friend of Flay, introduce two contestants who cook for 20 minutes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15592369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beat Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay is an American cooking competition show on the Food Network. It features various chefs competing against Iron Chef Bobby Flay. This show is taped in front of a live audience. In the first round, two guests, often a celebrity chef and a friend of Flay, introduce two contestants who cook for 20 minutes against each other using an ingredient chosen by Flay. The guests then determine who cooked the better dish and will face Flay in the second round. The contestant who won the first round then chooses a dish for both the contestant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15592368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef Gauntlet\",\n \"text\": \"the Gauntlet were Bobby Flay, Masaharu Morimoto, and Michael Symon. The second season of \\\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\\\" began airing April 4, 2018 and is scheduled for six episodes. The Gauntlet Iron Chefs for the second season will be Alex Guarnaschelli, \\\"Gauntlet\\\" season one winner Stephanie Izard, and Michael Symon. Each regular episode consists of two challenges. The first is the Chairman's Challenge, with Brown announcing a theme in which all chefs must cook a dish for him to judge. The loser of this round is entered into the second round; the winner is safe from elimination for the week and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20123431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Masaharu Morimoto\",\n \"text\": \"Masaharu Morimoto Morimoto received practical training in sushi and traditional Kaiseki cuisine in Hiroshima, and opened his own restaurant in that city in 1980. Influenced by Western cooking styles, he decided to sell his restaurant in 1985 to travel around the United States. His travels further influenced his fusion style of cuisine. He established himself in New York City and worked in some of Manhattan's prestigious restaurants, including the dining area for Sony Corporation's executive staff and visiting VIPs, the Sony Club, where he was executive chef, and at the exclusive Japanese restaurant \\\"Nobu\\\", where he was head chef. While\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2813760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Masaharu Morimoto\",\n \"text\": \"a line of specialty beers in collaboration with Rogue Ales of Newport, Oregon, consisting of the Imperial Pilsner, Soba Ale, and Black Obi Soba Ale. In 2005 he partnered with businessmen Paul Ardaji, a credited Film Producer (ALI) starring Will Smith, and Paul Ardaji, jr., through Ardaji Restaurant Ventures, LLC in an aborted Asian bistro venture which was to be called PauliMotos Asian Bistro. The relationship between the Ardajis and the Iron Chef broke down when the Ardajis could not raise the $20.0 million necessary capital to open 11 locations throughout the United States.<ref> Masaharu Morimoto Morimoto received practical training\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2813764\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"misconduct. By the following day, four more women had come forward. Batali took a leave of absence from his position at the management company Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group. Producers of ABC's \\\"The Chew\\\" asked him to step aside temporarily, while his fellow co-hosts publicly addressed the allegations on air, and he was fired from the show on December 14, 2017. Food Network halted plans to release episodes of his television show \\\"Molto Mario\\\" after the allegations. Target announced it pulled Batali's pasta sauces and cookbooks out of sales. In May 2018, more accusations of sexual misconduct against Batali were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"aired on an episode of \\\"60 Minutes\\\", and the New York Police Department confirmed it was investigating Batali for his past behavior including an alleged assault that took place at The Spotted Pig, a restaurant where Batali was an investor. Batali denied an allegation of sexual assault, but said \\\"My past behavior has been deeply inappropriate and I am sincerely remorseful for my actions.\\\" Days later, Batali's company B&B Hospitality Group announced it would be closing its three Las Vegas Strip restaurants after the Las Vegas Sands Corp. terminated the companies' relationship. Mario Batali Mario Francesco Batali (born September 19,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stephanie Izard\",\n \"text\": \"of appearances on \\\"Top Chef\\\" since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in \\\"Top Chef Duels\\\". In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series \\\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\\\", where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef. Stephanie Izard was born in the Chicago suburb of Evanston, Illinois and grew up in Stamford, Connecticut, where she developed an interest in food from her parents. She earned a degree in sociology from the University of Michigan in 1998 before attending the Le Cordon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12093267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"half-hour series pits select chefs against host Flay to see if they can create dishes that are better than his. As Flay's most successful series on Food Network the prior season, episode 5 of season 17, featuring Debbie Gibson and Katie Lee, was chosen as the 2018 lead-out show for season 14 of \\\"Food Network Star\\\". In 1996, Flay hosted \\\"The Main Ingredient with Bobby Flay\\\" on Lifetime Television. Twice a month, he hosts a cooking segment on CBS' \\\"The Early Show\\\". He hosted the reality television show \\\"America's Next Great Restaurant\\\" on NBC from March 2011 to May 2011\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Bobby Flay Robert William Flay (born December 10, 1964) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and reality television personality. He is the owner and executive chef of several restaurants: Mesa Grill in Las Vegas and the Bahamas; Bar Americain in New York and at Mohegan Sun, Uncasville, Connecticut; Bobby Flay Steak in Atlantic City; Gato in New York, and Bobby's Burger Palace in 19 locations across 11 states. Flay has hosted several Food Network television programs, appeared as a guest and hosted a number of specials on the network. Flay is also featured on the \\\"Great Chefs\\\" television series. Flay\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"sexual misconduct allegations, he would step down from his role with this organization. In 2008, Batali and his wife Susi Cahn founded the Mario Batali Foundation, funding various children's educational programs and pediatric disease research. He supports the practice of Transcendental Meditation through the David Lynch Foundation. In a 2012 interview, Batali said that good Italian cooking was characterized by simplicity, an insight he attributed to his time working at a restaurant in Borgo Capanne, Italy. On December 11, 2017, \\\"Eater\\\", the restaurant news website, made public the accusations of four women who accused Batali of sexual harassment and sexual\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Flay married Debra Ponzek, also a chef, on May 11, 1991. Flay and Ponzek divorced in 1993, and Flay married his second wife, Kate Connelly, in 1995. They have a daughter named Sophie. Flay and Connelly separated in 1998, and later divorced. Flay married actress Stephanie March, on February 20, 2005. According to media reports, March and Flay separated in March 2015 and their divorce was finalized on July 17, 2015. Flay has been dating Heléne Yorke since February 2016. Bobby Flay Robert William Flay (born December 10, 1964) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and reality television personality. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Masaharu Morimoto\",\n \"text\": \"at Nobu he got his start on the \\\"Iron Chef\\\" television show. Several months after the weekly run of \\\"Iron Chef\\\" ended in 1999, he left Nobu to collaborate with Starr Restaurants and opening his own \\\"Morimoto\\\" restaurant in Philadelphia in 2001. His first expansion was a Morimoto restaurant in Chelsea in New York City. Architecturally, this New York City restaurant has exposed concrete, a signature element of architect Tadao Ando, who designed the restaurant in collaboration with Goto Design Group and structural engineers Leslie E. Robertson Associates. Mr. Morimoto has restaurants in Mumbai and New Delhi called \\\"Wasabi\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2813761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"Masters\\\" involved Sakai and Flay, with the theme of trout. There, Sakai had made two dishes of note: one was gift-wrapped to commemorate the opening of Kitchen Stadium America, while the other was trout ice cream, a dish that would be repeatedly recalled and referred to later on when anyone used the ice cream maker. Other battles in \\\"Battle of the Masters\\\" were Morimoto taking on Batali, Morimoto taking on Wolfgang Puck, and a tag team battle where Morimoto and Flay teamed up against Sakai and Batali. \\\"Battle of the Masters\\\" was largely successful and a regular series was commissioned.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"currently teaching classes, he occasionally visits when his schedule permits. Flay established the Bobby Flay Scholarship in 2003. This full scholarship to the French Culinary Institute is awarded annually to a student in the Long Island City Culinary Arts Program. Flay personally helps select the awardee each year. Flay opened Bobby's Burger Palace (BBP) in Lake Grove, Long Island on July 15, 2008. The restaurant is located at the Smith Haven Mall. A second location opened on December 5, 2008 at the Monmouth Mall in Eatontown, New Jersey, and a third location opened March 31, 2009 in The Outlets at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Bobby Flay. Upon Flay's arrival, he reveals the true nature of the show, and the \\\"Throwdown\\\" is initiated. In the Food Network's test kitchen, Flay and his two sous-chefs (Stephanie Banyas and Miriam Garron) experiment and prepare the particular dish, often opting for a variant of the dish. When Flay makes his appearance at a rival's event, he is usually greeted with surprise and confusion, although there has been one occasion where the challenged chef figured out that Flay would be appearing for a throwdown and ended up challenging him. Flay's comment was that he \\\"had been set up.\\\" However,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8515342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Design\\\", which originally aired on September 22, 2005. He had a small role as himself in the 2006 film \\\"East Broadway\\\", in which his wife, Stephanie March, had a larger role. \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" featured a special \\\"Throwdown with Bobby Flay\\\" category during the March 12, 2008, episode, in which each of the clues featured Flay. He participated in the 2008 Taco Bell All-Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game played at Yankee Stadium after the 2008 MLB All Star Game; Flay played for the National League. Flay is also mentioned in the movie Step Brothers in the \\\"derek comes for dinner\\\" scene.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Masaharu Morimoto\",\n \"text\": \"has opened multiple locations of \\\"Morimoto\\\" around the world. In July 2010, he opened a Napa Valley location of his flagship \\\"Morimoto\\\" restaurant, followed in October 2010 by a Waikiki, Hawaii location, and a Maui location in October 2013. Morimoto Waikiki closed in December 2016. In 2018 the chef announced two new ventures for the neighborhood, branches of his \\\"Morimoto Asia\\\" and \\\"Momosan\\\" chains. In November 2012, Morimoto opened \\\"Tribeca Canvas\\\" in New York's Tribeca neighborhood, featuring Asian-inflected takes on American comfort food. After a string of bad reviews and flagging business, he closed the restaurant for a revamp in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2813762\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"of executive chef at Mesa Grill, which opened on January 15, 1991. Shortly after, he became a partner. In November 1993, Flay partnered with Laurence Kretchmer to open Bolo Bar & Restaurant in the Flatiron District, just a few blocks away from Mesa Grill. Flay opened a second Mesa Grill at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas in 2004, and in 2005 he opened Bar Americain, an American Brasserie, in Midtown Manhattan. He continued to expand his restaurants by opening Bobby Flay Steak in the Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey. This was followed by a third\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"In 2010, Flay was impersonated in the \\\"South Park\\\" cartoon episode Crème Fraiche. In 2011, Flay had recurring appearances in the final season of \\\"Entourage\\\" as the boyfriend of Ari Gold's wife. In 2012, Flay appeared on \\\"Portlandia\\\", in a director's cut of the episode . He showed director Jonathan Krisel how to make the perfect marionberry pancakes. Flay guest stars as himself on season two of the TV series \\\"Younger\\\", which initially aired in 2016. In 2018, he appeared as Fred Jones' uncle in the animated film \\\"Scooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost\\\". Flay hosted a weekly call-in show on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"on video, and presented a supplemental range of sustainable foods to be used in the battle, it fell to announcer Alton Brown to start the battle with the traditional \\\"\\\"Allez cuisine!\\\"\\\" This battle was also the first that carried a prize: $25,000 was donated to City Meals, a New York charity similar to Meals on Wheels in the names of the winning team. Iron Chef Flay and Chef Comerford defeated Iron Chefs Batali and Lagasse. On January 2, 2011, \\\"Battle Deep Freeze\\\" aired. The show featured Iron Chef Michael Symon and Chef Anne Burrell facing off against Iron Chef Cat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"judge on \\\"Wickedly Perfect\\\", \\\"The Next Food Network Star\\\", and \\\"The Next Iron Chef\\\". He has cooked on \\\"Emeril Live\\\" and \\\"Paula's Party\\\". On \\\"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay\\\", the chef challenges cooks renowned for a specific dish or type of cooking to a cook-off of their signature dish. On Episode 5 of Season 4, Harlem chef Melba Wilson and Bobby squared off over who had the best chicken and eggnog waffles. While being interviewed on \\\"Conversations with Allan Wolper\\\" on WGBO 88.3FM, Wilson confessed that she had been nervous because Bobby brought a cast iron skillet. Having grown up in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Throwdown! with Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"During season 3 of the Nickelodeon sitcom \\\"iCarly\\\", a show called \\\"Food Fight\\\" on the fictional \\\"Food TV\\\" channel parodied \\\"Throwdown!\\\" with faux celebrity chef/host Ricky Flame (a play on Bobby Flay's name) challenging Carly, Sam, and Freddie to a cook-off over his spaghetti tacos. Following the format of \\\"Throwdown!\\\", Carly and her friends were led to believe they were being featured on a \\\"Food TV\\\" program when Ricky Flame surprised them with the throwdown. During season 27 episode 2 of the Simpsons, Scotty Boom from the Chew Network challenges Homer to an \\\"Eatdown. \\\" Throwdown! with Bobby Flay Throwdown!\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8515345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Food Network\",\n \"text\": \"personalities for a themed cooking event. Food Network airs infomercials on Sundays from 4:00 to 9:30 a.m. ET, Monday through Thursdays from 5:00 to 9:30 a.m. ET, and on Fridays and Saturdays from 4:00 to 7:00 a.m. ET. The UK channel has a teleshopping window from 03.00 to 06.00 (UK time GMT/BST as applicable) daily. Mario Batali and Bobby Flay joined the network in 1995. In 1996, Erica Gruen, the network's CEO, and Joe Langhan, an executive producer at the Food Network, created \\\"Emeril Live!\\\", which became the channel's signature series. Although Batali has moved on to other endeavours, Flay\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3030153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cat Cora\",\n \"text\": \"and lounge style restaurant, opened at Terminal 2 at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) in April 2011. Later in 2011, a Cat Cora's Kitchen was opened in Terminal E of the Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). Cora also operated Kouzzina by Cat Cora at Disney's Boardwalk Resort at The Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. Kouzzina closed on September 30, 2014. On July 12th 2015 Cora was inducted into the American Academy of Chefs® (AAC®) Hall of Fame by The American Culinary Federation, becoming the first female chef ever to receive this recognition. Cora opened The Ocean Restaurant at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4893875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"was settled by Batali (and B&B) with 117 members of the restaurant staff, who alleged that the Batali organization had skimmed a percentage of the tip pools in his restaurants over a period of years. Batali is a critic of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, a method of natural gas extraction. He has signed onto the cause of Chefs for the Marcellus, whose mission is to \\\"protect [New York's] regional foodshed from the dangers of hydraulic fracturing for natural gas (fracking).\\\" In May 2013, Batali co-wrote an opinion article with chef Bill Telepan for the New York \\\"Daily News\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cat Cora\",\n \"text\": \"In March 2006, Cora was the Grand Marshal for Hal and Mal's St. Paddy's Parade in her hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. In the September 2006 issue of \\\"FHM\\\", Cora was featured in the cooking section, where she demonstrated various recipes using items purchased from a convenience store. Cat Cora also belongs to Macy's Culinary Councils, along with Tyler Florence, Rick Bayless, and others. She has worked as an entertainer for The Olivia Companies, a travel company catering to the lesbian market. In 2008, she had a voice role for the video game \\\"\\\". The eponymous Cat Cora, a new bar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4893874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"in which the two wrote that \\\"Fracking ... could do serious damage to [New York's] agricultural industry and hurt businesses, like ours, that rely on safe, healthy, locally sourced foods.\\\"Batali was the subject of a 2007 book titled \\\"Heat\\\" by Bill Buford which detailed his philosophy to various aspects of social activism as well as cooking and life. Batali served as an ambassador and on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides a daily meal to students of township schools in Soweto, South Africa. As of December 2017, Batali released in response to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef\",\n \"text\": \"the nephew of Takeshi Kaga). The show received high ratings and rave reviews and in October 2004, Food Network began taping weekly episodes that premiered starting in January 2005. Some changes were made to the show, most notably replacing Puck with Morimoto as an Iron Chef (a fourth, Cat Cora, was added later), and the location was moved from Los Angeles to New York City. The fifth Iron Chef, Michael Symon, was added for his win in \\\"The Next Iron Chef\\\". In 2009, Chef Jose Garces became the sixth Iron Chef following his victory in the second season of \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"470656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cat Cora\",\n \"text\": \"Kitchen; a number of airports across the country including George Bush International Airport in Houston and Salt Lake City International Airport, where in 2011 and 2012, Cat Cora's Kitchen and Cat Cora's Gourmet markets were opened. She has also appeared on \\\"Simplify Your Life\\\", was a co-host of the Food Network show \\\"Kitchen Accomplished\\\", and in 2011 she launched her own line of cookware in conjunction with Starfrit, Canada's leading purveyor of food preparation products. In January 2005 Cora co-founded Chefs For Humanity, which describes itself as \\\"a grassroots coalition of chefs and culinary professionals guided by a mission to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4893872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Webster Hall\",\n \"text\": \"and the taping of Fuji Television Network's \\\"Iron Chef\\\" \\\"New York Special\\\" between Bobby Flay and Masaharu Morimoto. The venue offers five different rooms. As real estate development pressure grew exponentially in the East Village during the 2000s, the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation saw the need to protect the scale and character of many of the East Village’s unique historic structures. In the summer of 2007, GVSHP supplied the Landmarks Preservation Commission with extensive research on the history of Webster Hall, and urged the LPC to landmark the site. Shortly thereafter the LPC commissioners voted to consider the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7565847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"people who participated in the featured moments. In 2007, a competition was held to determine who among eight chefs would become the next Iron Chef. The show ran for six episodes, and followed the contestants through a series of eight culinary challenges taking place in the United States, France, and Germany. Contestants were eliminated by a panel of judges at the end of each episode, until the final two chefs returned to the United States to compete in Kitchen Stadium. The final battle featured swordfish as the secret ingredient, and was judged by Iron Chefs Flay, Cora, and Morimoto. Chef\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Food Network Magazine\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Food Network Magazine\\\" include Alton Brown, Guy Fieri, Bobby Flay, Ina Garten, Michael Symon, Melissa d'Arabian, Rachael Ray, Tyler Florence, Ellie Krieger, Ted Allen, Morimoto, Aida Mollenkamp, Anne Burrell, Aarón Sanchez, Jose Garces, Pat Neely, Sunny Anderson and Nigella Lawson. Accolades earned by the magazine include being named \\\"Launch of the Year\\\" by \\\"Folio\\\", \\\"Advertising Age\\\" and \\\"Min\\\". In April 2010, \\\"Food Network Magazine\\\" was listed as #1 on Adweek's Hot List \\\"10 under 60\\\" for their first eligible year. Food Network Magazine Food Network Magazine is a monthly food entertainment magazine founded by Hearst Corporation and Scripps Networks Interactive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14589494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"the tenth and largest Bobby's Burger Palace site at Maryland Live! Casino in Hanover, Maryland, on June 7, 2012. Bobby's Burger Palace also has an 11th location, in College Park, Maryland. In total, BBP has nineteen locations in eleven states and the District of Columbia. The original Mesa Grill in New York closed in September 2013 following a proposed rent increase by the landlord. Flay has been featured in several episodes of Great Chefs television including: Flay has hosted fourteen cooking shows and specials on Food Network and Cooking Channel, of which eight continue to run: Flay served as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582548\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"was born in New York to Bill and Dorothy Flay. He was raised on the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan. He is a fourth generation Irish American and was raised Catholic, attending denominational schools. At age 8, Flay asked for an Easy-Bake Oven for Christmas, despite his father's objections; his father thought that a G.I. Joe would be more gender-appropriate. He received both toys. Flay dropped out of high school at age 17. He has said his first jobs in the restaurant industry were at a pizza parlor and Baskin-Robbins. He then took a position making salads at Joe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Allen Restaurant in Manhattan's Theater District, where his father was a partner. The proprietor, Joe Allen, was impressed by Flay's natural ability and agreed to pay his partner's son's tuition at the French Culinary Institute. Flay received a degree in culinary arts and was a member of the first graduating class of the French Culinary Institute in 1984. After culinary school, he started working as a sous-chef, quickly learning the culinary arts. At the Brighton Grill on Third Avenue, Flay was handed the executive chef's position after a week when the executive chef was fired. Flay quit when he realized\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mario Batali\",\n \"text\": \"attended Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey while working as a cook at the pub/restaurant Stuff Yer Face. In 1994, he married Susi Cahn. He is son-in-law to Miles and Lillian Cahn, founders of Coach Inc. At 29, Batali was a sous chef at the Four Seasons Biltmore after previously working as a sous chef for the then Four Seasons Clift Hotel San Francisco, (since 1995, known as \\\"The Clift\\\", under changed ownership). Early in his career, Batali worked with chef, Jeremiah Tower at his San Francisco restaurant, \\\"Stars.\\\" \\\"Stars\\\" was open from 1984 until 1999 and is considered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3157863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Bergen Town Center in Paramus, New Jersey. His fourth shop opened at the Mohegan Sun Casino in southeast Connecticut on July 1, 2009, which is also the location of his second Bar Americain, which opened on November 18, 2009. His fifth location of the burger chain opened in Philadelphia's University City on April 6, 2010. The sixth location of Bobby's Burger Palace opened in Washington, D.C., at 2121 K Street in Northwest on August 16, 2011. On December 5, 2011, Flay opened the ninth location of Bobby's Burger Palace in Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York. Flay opened\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Mesa Grill in the Bahamas, located in The Cove at Atlantis Paradise Island, which opened on March 28, 2007. The Las Vegas Mesa Grill earned Flay his only Michelin Star in 2008, which was taken away in the 2009 edition. Michelin did not publish a 2010 or 2011 Las Vegas edition, so the star could not be re-earned. Bolo Bar & Restaurant closed its doors on December 31, 2007, to make way for a condominium. Aside from his restaurants and television shows, Flay has been a master instructor and visiting chef at the French Culinary Institute. Although he is not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"Sirius XM Satellite Radio. He offered advice to men on \\\"everything from sports to current issues\\\", although food was the focus. Flay has authored several cookbooks, including: Flay has a personal interest in Thoroughbred horse racing. He is the owner of more than one graded stakes race winner, including More Than Real, who won the prestigious 2010 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf and part owner of Creator, who won the third jewel of the triple crown the Belmont stakes. He serves on the Breeders' Cup board of directors. He was a candidate for chairman in 2014, but was not elected.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Flay\",\n \"text\": \"he was not ready to run a kitchen. He took a position as a chef working for restaurateur Jonathan Waxman at Bud and Jams. Waxman introduced Flay to southwestern and Cajun cuisine, which came to define his culinary career. After working for a short time on the floor at the American Stock Exchange, Flay returned to the kitchen as the executive chef at Miracle Grill in the East Village, where he worked from 1988 to 1990. He caught the attention of restaurateur Jerome Kretchmer, who was looking for a southwestern-style chef. Impressed by Flay's food, Kretchmer offered him the position\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4582543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cat Cora\",\n \"text\": \"S.E.A. Aquarium at Resorts World Sentosa off Singapore in February 2013. The 63 seat restaurant is inside the world's largest oceanarium and has stunning views of deep-sea wildlife from every table. Cora is currently the co-host of \\\"Around the World in 80 Plates\\\", an American reality competition show that premiered on May 9, 2012 on the Bravo cable TV network. Cora co-hosted the 2017 FOX reality cooking series \\\"My Kitchen Rules\\\". Cora married her longtime partner Jennifer in June 2013, and the couple have four sons together via in vitro fertilization. All four embryos were fertilized by the same sperm\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4893876\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American cuisine\",\n \"text\": \"Cora, Michael Symon, Bobby Flay, Ina Garten, Todd English, Anthony Bourdain, Guy Fieri, Colonel Sanders and Paula Deen. Regional chefs are emerging as localized celebrity chefs with growing broader appeal, such as Peter Merriman (Hawaii Regional Cuisine), Jerry Traunfeld, Alan Wong (Pacific Rim cuisine), Norman Van Aken (New World Cuisine – fusion Latin, Caribbean, Asian, African and American), and Mark Miller (American Southwest cuisine). American cuisine American cuisine reflects the history of the United States, blending the culinary contributions of various groups of people from around the world, including indigenous American Indians, African Americans, Asians, Europeans, Pacific Islanders, and South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"23720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cristeta Comerford\",\n \"text\": \"on January 2, 2010. She was teamed up with Bobby Flay and competed against a team of Emeril Lagasse and Mario Batali. As chef to a head of state, Comerford is a member of Le Club des Chefs des Chefs. She lives in Columbia, Maryland, with her husband, John, and their daughter Danielle. Cristeta Comerford Cristeta Pasia Comerford (born October 27, 1962) is a Filipino-American chef who has been the White House Executive Chef since 2005. She is the first woman and first person of Asian descent to hold the post. Cristeta Comerford was born as Cristeta Gomez Pasia in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5806543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef America\",\n \"text\": \"episode on January 3, 2010. The episode, called \\\"The Super Chef Battle\\\", featured Iron Chef Mario Batali and Super Chef Emeril Lagasse against Iron Chef Bobby Flay and White House Executive Chef Cristeta Comerford in a battle that required the chefs to create an American meal, with the produce from the White House garden as the secret ingredient. First Lady Michelle Obama made a special appearance, welcoming the chefs to the White House, and announcing the secret ingredient. This battle was also notable as the first for which the Chairman was not present in Kitchen Stadium. Although the Chairman appeared\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4436366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ted Allen\",\n \"text\": \"as a sous chef to Iron Chef Masaharu Morimoto and chef Robert Irvine in a special \\\"Holiday Battle\\\", pitting the Food Network stars against reps of the sister network Cooking Channel, Ben Sergeant, Nadia G, and Michael Symon. Morimoto's team won. In May 2012, Allen received a James Beard Foundation Award for his work as the host of \\\"Chopped\\\", and the show itself also won for best in-studio television program. In 2004, he won an Emmy Award along with the other cast members and producers of \\\"Queer Eye\\\" for \\\"Outstanding Reality Program\\\" from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2706177\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cat show\",\n \"text\": \"with the number of cats that the cat has \\\"beaten\\\" in the ring. Cat show A cat show is a judged event where the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. Both pedigreed and companion (or moggy) cats are admissible, although the rules differ from organization to organization. Cats are compared to a breed standard, and the owners of those judged to be closest to it are awarded a prize. Moggy's are judged based on their temperament. Often, at the end of the year,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3819959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cat show\",\n \"text\": \"Cat show A cat show is a judged event where the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. Both pedigreed and companion (or moggy) cats are admissible, although the rules differ from organization to organization. Cats are compared to a breed standard, and the owners of those judged to be closest to it are awarded a prize. Moggy's are judged based on their temperament. Often, at the end of the year, all of the points accrued at various shows are added up and more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3819954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Great New York State Fair\",\n \"text\": \"building hosts a variety of health and safety-related exhibitions. The Art & Home Center is home to a recently renovated demonstration kitchen, which has been the host of several celebrity cooking demonstrations by such notable chefs as Adam Richman, Bobby Flay, and Mario Batali. The Art & Home Center is the hub of all culinary, art, and craft exhibitions with New York's artists displaying their work in fine arts, photography, woodworking, quilting, and needle work. Each year, the Art & Home Center hosts its annual Women's Day Luncheon. In 2009, the building celebrated its 75th anniversary by celebrating the life\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5359090\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Symon\",\n \"text\": \"Chef\\\", a Cooking Channel show starring Symon, debuted in July 2010. He described it as \\\"a show for the people who've watched Food Network forever and are ready to learn something more advanced or more creative.\\\" The show \\\"Food Feuds\\\", which featured Symon, premiered October 10, 2010. He travels to various locales and performs a direct comparison competition between local food rivals. On February 14, 2011, Symon appeared in a skit on the late-night talk show \\\"Conan\\\", in which a young couple had won a \\\"romantic\\\" Valentine's Day dinner date on the set. Conan O'Brien announced that Symon would be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11065926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rúben Micael\",\n \"text\": \"Tel Aviv F.C. for the remainder of the campaign. He scored his first goal for the side on 18 March 2017, in a 3–0 home win over Bnei Sakhnin FC. On 29 March 2011, Micael made his debut for Portugal, starting and scoring twice in a 2–0 friendly win with Finland in Aveiro. Porto Braga Rúben Micael Rúben Micael Freitas da Ressureição (born 19 August 1986), known as Micael, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Vitória F.C. as a midfielder. He totalled 150 Primeira Liga games and 18 goals during eight seasons, representing Nacional, Porto, Braga and Paços\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13224945\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Will Fat Cat Sit On?\",\n \"text\": \"What Will Fat Cat Sit On? What Will Fat Cat Sit On? is a 2007 children's picture book by Jan Thomas. Fat Cat wonders what to sit on. The animals are relieved that the cat will not sit on them, but they wonder about what the cat will have for lunch. The animals run off in terror. A \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" review says, \\\"Eschewing anything that smacks of a setting (except for the comfy chair to which Fat Cat is directed) she renders her barnyard characters in super-saturated colors and thick, bold outlines. Mood swings generally have a bad name these\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12498207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rúben Micael\",\n \"text\": \"Rúben Micael Rúben Micael Freitas da Ressureição (born 19 August 1986), known as Micael, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Vitória F.C. as a midfielder. He totalled 150 Primeira Liga games and 18 goals during eight seasons, representing Nacional, Porto, Braga and Paços de Ferreira, winning seven major honours with the second team and a further one with the third. A full Portuguese international since 2011, Micael was part of the squad at Euro 2012. Born in Câmara de Lobos, Madeira, Micael started his career with local C.F. União, making his professional debut at the age of 17.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13224939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ryutaro Morimoto\",\n \"text\": \"Ryutaro Morimoto is a Japanese singer and a member of the idol group Zero. Early on in his career, Morimoto was a trainee under Johnny & Associates and debuted in 2007. He was part of the group Hey! Say! JUMP, but he was suspended from the group in June 2011 following an underage smoking scandal and departed in 2012. In 2016, he returned to the entertainment industry as the singer and producer of the five-member group Zero. Morimoto auditioned for Johnny & Associates and his audition tape was aired on the variety show \\\"Ya-Ya-yah\\\" on August 12, 2004, along with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11598186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rokusaburo Michiba\",\n \"text\": \"often referred to the relationship between Michiba and Morimoto as that between master and student, especially after an episode when Michiba flew to New York to visit Morimoto's restaurant, Nobu. So supportive of Morimoto was Michiba that, before his infamous New York battle with chef Bobby Flay, Michiba gave Morimoto a large box of katsuobushi flakes with a hand-calligraphed message: \\\"respect the old, but seek out the new.\\\" Michiba made appearances throughout the 2012 revival of \\\"Iron Chef\\\" through interviews on former assistant Kenichi Miyanaga, a seat on the tasting panel and as a competitor against new Iron Chef Jun\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3375570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Satoshi Morimoto\",\n \"text\": \"a number of expert committees and advisory councils held by the Japanese government. He was instrumental in implementing the Three Principles (Transfer of Defence Equipment) policies in 2014, and the launch of Japan's only international defence trade show and conference, MAST Asia www.mastconfex.com Satoshi Morimoto Morimoto was born in Tokyo on 15 March 1941. He graduated from National Defense Academy of Japan in 1965. He received a master's degree from the Fletcher School at Tufts University in 1980. After graduation, Morimoto served with Japan Air Self-Defense Force until 1979 when he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.In 1992, he left\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11856382\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Supreme Cat Show\",\n \"text\": \"title as the pedigree cats but these are for \\\"Master Cat\\\" titles as opposed to \\\"Champion\\\" and \\\"Premier\\\" ones. They then go on to compete to win the title of Supreme Non-Pedigree or Supreme Pedigree Pet Cat. Classes are also included for kittens, with both non pedigree and pedigree pet kittens competing for the title of Supreme Household Pet Kitten. Prior to 1992, there was no individual overall Best in Show Supreme Exhibit. Numerous activities take place alongside the competition judging. There are children's activities, such as judging of soft toys, and a large range of stalls selling cat related\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14322698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Supreme Cat Show\",\n \"text\": \"UK & Imperial Grand Premiers compete for a UK Grand Premier Certificate. In these classes several breeds may compete together. UK Grand Certificates are only awarded at the Supreme Show; two such Certificates from different judges give the cat the title of UK Grand Champion/Premier or UK & Imperial Grand Champion/Premier if it has additionally gained that title. There is no Reserve UK Grand Challenge/Premier Certificate. Best of Breed winners at the Supreme Show do not get certificates but compete against the other BOB winners in their section for Best of Variety. The seven Best of Variety Adults (Persian, Semi-Longhair,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14322696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Symon\",\n \"text\": \"The University of Texas. This was his first venture outside of the Midwest. On April 11, 2016 Symon opened Mabel's BBQ on East 4th Street adjacent to Lola. On May 1, 2017 Bar Symon opened in Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Concourse C. Symon often appears on behalf of Food Network. During the summer of 2009, he promoted the Food Network's video game \\\"Cook Or Be Cooked\\\" for Wii, which was released on November 3, 2009. Symon was one of the rotating hosts of Food Network's show \\\"Melting Pot\\\". He appeared on \\\"Sara's Secrets\\\" with Sara Moulton, \\\"Ready, Set, Cook\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11065923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Micael Bindefeld\",\n \"text\": \"Micael Bindefeld Micael Bindefeld (born 20 September 1959 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish planner of professional events parties in Stockholm. Bindefeld grew up in a Jewish middle-class family in Gothenburg. His father was an engineer and his mother was a dental nurse. Bindefeld educated himself to be a hairdresser; he became popular and started doing hair for celebrities in Stockholm. He organized his first event in 1987. He hosted \\\"Sommar i P1\\\", which was broadcast on Sveriges Radio in 2010. In 2014 he started the Micael Bindefeld foundation for the memory of the Holocaust. Bindefeld himself is Jewish and had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18999252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Micael Bindefeld\",\n \"text\": \"relatives who were killed in the Holocaust. Micael Bindefeld Micael Bindefeld (born 20 September 1959 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish planner of professional events parties in Stockholm. Bindefeld grew up in a Jewish middle-class family in Gothenburg. His father was an engineer and his mother was a dental nurse. Bindefeld educated himself to be a hairdresser; he became popular and started doing hair for celebrities in Stockholm. He organized his first event in 1987. He hosted \\\"Sommar i P1\\\", which was broadcast on Sveriges Radio in 2010. In 2014 he started the Micael Bindefeld foundation for the memory of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18999253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Symon\",\n \"text\": \"presenting them with their dinner—which he did, in the form of a Taco Party Pack from Taco Bell. In September 2011, Symon began co-hosting The Chew on ABC networks, a daily talk show that is centered on food-related and lifestyle topics. Symon has been the host of the television series \\\"Burgers, Brew and 'Que\\\" since 2015. Symon was featured in fellow Clevelander Michael Ruhlman's 2001 book, \\\"The Soul of a Chef: The Journey Toward Perfection\\\". The second part of the three-part book focuses on Symon's quest for culinary perfection. In 2009, Symon collaborated with Ruhlman to write his first cookbook,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11065927\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Will Fat Cat Sit On?\",\n \"text\": \"days, but Thomas makes them a hoot\\\". Elizabeth Bird, of \\\"School Library Journal\\\" reviewed the book saying, \\\"Arguably the best of the overweight kitty genre, this is a crowd pleaser and bound to be a children's librarian's new best friend. Funny furry stuff\\\". Tasha Saecker, of Mensha Library, reviewed the book saying, \\\"One of the best and easiest readers out there. Pick this up for your preschooler or kindergartener who is starting to read\\\". What Will Fat Cat Sit On? What Will Fat Cat Sit On? is a 2007 children's picture book by Jan Thomas. Fat Cat wonders what to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12498208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Look What the Cat Dragged In\",\n \"text\": \"most importantly, anti-social behavior (\\\"No. 1 Bad Boy,\\\" \\\"Look What the Cat Dragged In,\\\" \\\"Let Me Go to the Show,\\\" and \\\"Play Dirty\\\"). \\\"Talk Dirty to Me\\\" was written by guitarist C. C. DeVille prior to his joining the band. DeVille played it to Michaels, Rikki Rockett and Bobby Dall during his audition for the role as the band's guitarist. \\\"Talk Dirty to Me\\\" has been covered by several bands, including Children of Bodom and Reel Big Fish. It is also included as a playable cover track in \\\"\\\", with Michaels re-recording the vocals. In 2005, Madacy Entertainment reissued the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3607828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron Chef Showdown\",\n \"text\": \"Chefs Bobby Flay, Jose Garces, Alex Guarnaschelli, and Michael Symon return for this series; they are joined by the newest Iron Chef, \\\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\\\" winner Stephanie Izard. During taping of the first season, Bobby Flay removed his chef's coat to reveal a T-shirt which read \\\"This is my last Iron Chef battle ever\\\"; he later confirmed that he has officially quit the \\\"Iron Chef\\\" franchise. Two challengers enter Kitchen Stadium and battle one another in a Chairman's Challenge based upon a secret ingredient. Alton Brown is the sole judge of this challenge and decides which of the two challengers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20428018\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["iron chef america: the series","iron chef: america","iron chef america","iron chef america"],"string":"[\n \"iron chef america: the series\",\n \"iron chef: america\",\n \"iron chef america\",\n \"iron chef america\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78584,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"nov 27, 1942 saw the birth of what legendary musician, who rolling stoned named their top guitarist on their 100 greatest of all time list?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"All Along the Watchtower","text":"the song appears at number 47 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and in 2000, British magazine \"Total Guitar\" named it top of the list of the greatest cover versions of all time. Hendrix's guitar solo is included at number five on \"Guitar World\"'s list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Solos. The earliest recording of the song, other than by Dylan, was by British pop group the Nashville Teens, who had previously had a hit in 1964 with the song \"Tobacco Road\". Their recording of \"All Along the Watchtower\", produced by Vic Smith, was released as a","psg_id":"2458882"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"All Along the Watchtower\",\n \"text\": \"the song appears at number 47 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and in 2000, British magazine \\\"Total Guitar\\\" named it top of the list of the greatest cover versions of all time. Hendrix's guitar solo is included at number five on \\\"Guitar World\\\"'s list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Solos. The earliest recording of the song, other than by Dylan, was by British pop group the Nashville Teens, who had previously had a hit in 1964 with the song \\\"Tobacco Road\\\". Their recording of \\\"All Along the Watchtower\\\", produced by Vic Smith, was released as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2458882\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time","text":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time \"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" is a special issue published by the American magazine \"Rolling Stone\" in two parts in 2004 and 2005, and updated in 2011. The list presented was compiled based on input from musicians, writers, and industry figures, and is focused on the rock & roll era. It predominantly features American and British musicians. The publication also features comments written by musicians about their favorite colleagues (e.g., Elvis Costello on The Beatles, Janet Jackson on Tina Turner, etc.). Since its publication, the list has been frequently cited","psg_id":"20255605"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time","text":"(Canada), Lee \"Scratch\" Perry (Jamaica; only in the 2005 list), Carlos Santana (Mexico/US), U2 (Ireland), and Neil Young (Canada). Tina Turner, who relinquished her American citizenship after obtaining Swiss citizenship in 2013, was still an American citizen when included in the list. Most artists on the list were active in the 1960s and 1970s. Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time \"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" is a special issue published by the American magazine \"Rolling Stone\" in two parts in 2004 and 2005, and updated in 2011. The list presented was compiled based on input from","psg_id":"20255608"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time","text":"complimented the inclusion of female songwriters Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Dolly Parton, Stevie Nicks, Madonna, Chrissie Hynde, Loretta Lynn, Lucinda Williams, and Björk, as well as Taylor Swift who is the youngest person on the list. Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time \"The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\" is a feature published by the American magazine \"Rolling Stone\" in August 2015. The list presented was compiled based on the magazine's music critics. It predominantly features American and English songwriters of the rock era. The list received mixed response from fellow publications. Writing for \"Flavorwire\", Judy Berman criticized","psg_id":"20284832"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time","text":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time \"The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\" is a feature published by the American magazine \"Rolling Stone\" in August 2015. The list presented was compiled based on the magazine's music critics. It predominantly features American and English songwriters of the rock era. The list received mixed response from fellow publications. Writing for \"Flavorwire\", Judy Berman criticized the selection of the songwriters, saying \"Predictably, it's over 70% white and features only nine solo female songwriters (five other women are included as part of mixed-gender writing teams). Classic rock is overrepresented; every other genre","psg_id":"20284829"},{"title":"100 Greatest Marvels of All Time","text":"which contained four issues. The top five issues were each reprinted in their own volumes (volumes six through ten). 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time The 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time was a series of trade paperbacks published in 2001 by Marvel Comics. Earlier in the year, the publisher had held a poll asking readers to vote on their favorite issues of Marvel comic book series. The top 25 issues were then reprinted in trade paperback form, with a list in the back of each volume listing the results of the poll from the 100th issue to the last","psg_id":"8815658"},{"title":"100 Greatest Marvels of All Time","text":"100 Greatest Marvels of All Time The 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time was a series of trade paperbacks published in 2001 by Marvel Comics. Earlier in the year, the publisher had held a poll asking readers to vote on their favorite issues of Marvel comic book series. The top 25 issues were then reprinted in trade paperback form, with a list in the back of each volume listing the results of the poll from the 100th issue to the last issue contained in that particular volume. Numbers 25 to 6 were published in volumes one through five, each of","psg_id":"8815657"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time","text":"is the Crystals; their \"Da Doo Ron Ron\" (previously number 114) was the highest-ranked song to have been dropped. Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" was the cover story of a special issue of \"Rolling Stone\", issue number 963, published in December 2004, a year after the magazine published its list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". In May 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" compiled an update, published in a special issue and in digital form for the iPod and iPad. The list differs from the 2004 version, with 26 songs","psg_id":"7214372"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"Rock Writers Reconsiders the Classics\" () in 2004. This featured a number of generally younger critics arguing against the high evaluation of various \"great\" albums, some of which had been included in the list, including DeRogatis taking on \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\", which had been \"Rolling Stone\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s top choice. Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" is a 2003 special issue of American biweekly magazine \"Rolling Stone\", and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures.","psg_id":"7179270"},{"title":"TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time","text":"Johnson complained that it was premature to claim that any episode of \"ER\" had established sufficient cultural significance to rank third on the original list. Jaime Weinman of \"Maclean's\" complained that the 2009 list was composed of the most well-known episode of famous series, claiming that they were largely unexceptional episodes. He preferred the 1997 list, which he said was produced when \"TV Guide\" was a higher caliber publication. TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time (1997) and Top 100 Episodes of All Time (2009) are lists of the 100 best television show episodes in","psg_id":"16392175"},{"title":"TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time","text":"TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time (1997) and Top 100 Episodes of All Time (2009) are lists of the 100 best television show episodes in U.S. television history. \"TV Guide\" published both lists: the first, published in June 28, 1997, was produced in collaboration with Nick at Nite's TV Land. A revised list was published in June 15, 2009. The lists excluded game shows and variety shows, but included situation comedies and drama series. About 25 shows from the original list were featured during a special week on Nick at Night on Nickelodeon and","psg_id":"16392170"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time","text":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" was the cover story of a special issue of \"Rolling Stone\", issue number 963, published in December 2004, a year after the magazine published its list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". In May 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" compiled an update, published in a special issue and in digital form for the iPod and iPad. The list differs from the 2004 version, with 26 songs added, all of which are songs from the 2000s except \"Juicy\" by The Notorious B.I.G., released in 1994. The","psg_id":"7214370"},{"title":"100 Greatest of All Time","text":"100 Greatest of All Time 100 Greatest of All Time was a television series of five one-hour episodes, produced and first aired by Tennis Channel in March 2012. It presented a list of the \"100 greatest tennis players of all time\", both men and women. The series was hosted by Jack Nicklaus, Jerry Rice, Wayne Gretzky, Lisa Leslie and Carl Lewis. Many retired tennis luminaries provided commentary, including Rod Laver, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Björn Borg, John McEnroe, Martina Navratilova, Pete Sampras, and Andre Agassi. An \"international panel of tennis experts\" determined this ranking of 62 men and 38","psg_id":"16388295"},{"title":"Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song)","text":"Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song) \"Brown Sugar\" is a song by the Rolling Stones. It is the opening track and lead single from their album \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971). \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranked it number 495 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and at number five on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. Though credited, like most of their compositions, to the singer/guitarist pair of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, the song was primarily the work of Jagger, who wrote it sometime during the filming of \"Ned Kelly\" in 1969.","psg_id":"4009279"},{"title":"100 Greatest of All Time","text":"women. The United States was credited with the most great players (38), followed by Australia (17), France (7), Great Britain (6) and Czechoslovakia (5). Forty-three players made the list from the Americas, 39 from Europe and 18 from Oceania. Note: Bolded players are still active today. Slams figures reflect number of wins in Singles draws and are up-to-date, meaning that they may now be higher than the numbers used to determine the March 2012 list. 100 Greatest of All Time 100 Greatest of All Time was a television series of five one-hour episodes, produced and first aired by Tennis Channel","psg_id":"16388296"},{"title":"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time","text":"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time is a list of the best album releases issued by Slovak recording artists. As the first such list presented in Slovakia, it was published by \"Nový čas\" daily on 22 September 2007. The list is entirely composed of Slovak, or else of formerly Czechoslovak artists, featuring all albums published in the country of origin from the 1960s onwards. Some of nominated full-length records could have been performed also in a different language (occasionally in English but partially). Ranking itself was based on votes received","psg_id":"16005262"},{"title":"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time","text":"Collegium Musicum at number No. 89. The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time is a list of the best album releases issued by Slovak recording artists. As the first such list presented in Slovakia, it was published by \"Nový čas\" daily on 22 September 2007. The list is entirely composed of Slovak, or else of formerly Czechoslovak artists, featuring all albums published in the country of origin from the 1960s onwards. Some of nominated full-length records could have been performed also in a different language (occasionally in English but partially). Ranking","psg_id":"16005264"},{"title":"The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players","text":"a group of 10 players from the list, with each nominee player presented and advocated for by a separate noteworthy individual in the world of sports and entertainment. It started with the players ranked 100 through 91, and moving up the list each week. The final episode, premiering on November 4, 2010, introduced the top 10 players of all time according to the panel. Jerry Rice was chosen as the top player of all time, with Jim Brown as the second choice. The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players was a ten-part television series that","psg_id":"15091506"},{"title":"The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players","text":"The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players was a ten-part television series that set out to determine the top 100 greatest NFL players of all time. It was presented by the NFL Network in 2010. The series was based on a list of the top 100 National Football League players of all time, as compiled by a \"blue-ribbon\" panel assembled by the NFL Network. The members of the panel were current and former NFL coaches, players, executives, and members of the media. Each episode, broadcast each Thursday from September 3 to November 4, 2010, introduced","psg_id":"15091505"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" is a 2003 special issue of American biweekly magazine \"Rolling Stone\", and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures. The lists predominantly feature American and British music from the 1960s and the 1970s, topped by The Beatles’ 1967 album \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\", with a top 10 that featured four entries from The Beatles (#1, 3, 5 and 10), two from Bob Dylan (#4 and 9), and one","psg_id":"7179266"},{"title":"Greatest Bengali of all time","text":"religious preachers, one scientist and one economist got place in the final list. Begum Rokeya was the only woman and Amartya Sen only living personality to be voted in top 20. Greatest Bengali of all time Soon after the completion of \"100 Greatest Britons\" poll in 2002, BBC organized a similar opinion poll to find out who is the greatest Bengali personality in Bengali nation's history of thousand years. In 2004, BBC's Bengali Service conducted the opinion poll with the title 'Greatest Bengali of all time' started from February 11 continued onto March 22. The poll was participated by Bengalis","psg_id":"20487080"},{"title":"The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time","text":"top spot in the last five decennial critics' polls. The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the \"Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time\" according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by \"Sight & Sound\" and published in the journal's September 2012 issue. They published the critics' list, based on 846 critics, programmers, academics, and distributors, and the directors' list, based on 358 directors and filmmakers. \"Sight & Sound\", published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952. In the 2012 critics' poll,","psg_id":"16703306"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time","text":"and subgenre of popular music is underrepresented.\" Geeta Dayal from \"The Guardian\" accused \"corporate sponsorship\" in determining the list's content. Tom Moon from NPR wrote that \"This list represents another trip through the hagiographic, hermetically sealed rock hall of fame, with the same stars you've been reading about in Rolling Stone since the dinosaur age.\" \"The Daily Telegraph\" editor Martin Chilton responded with a list of 100 best songwriters missed out by \"Rolling Stone\", including Cole Porter, Townes Van Zandt, Ewan MacColl, Kate Bush, and Ray Charles. Jacqueline Cutler from \"New York Daily News\" agreed with the magazine for ranking","psg_id":"20284830"},{"title":"The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time","text":"The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the \"Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time\" according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by \"Sight & Sound\" and published in the journal's September 2012 issue. They published the critics' list, based on 846 critics, programmers, academics, and distributors, and the directors' list, based on 358 directors and filmmakers. \"Sight & Sound\", published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952. In the 2012 critics' poll, \"Vertigo\" ranked first, replacing \"Citizen Kane\", which held the","psg_id":"16703305"},{"title":"The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians","text":"see Greatest Britons spin-offs The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians was a newspaper article published in \"The Australian\" on 27 June 2013, coinciding with that year's Australia Day. Compiled by News Limited journalist Billy Rule, the article listed what he considered were the top 50 individuals (including one horse) who \"have helped define who we are as a people and how Australia is perceived as a country\", including 'trailblazers', those who left a legacy for others to admire or benefit from, and those that engendered inspiration. Other countries","psg_id":"18790872"},{"title":"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" is a 2013 special issue of British magazine \"NME\", available digitally or in newsstands on October 23. The list presented was compiled based on votes from current and past \"NME\" journalists. The list and writer's choices voting several times for the same act, were criticized by several papers including \"The Guardian\". The number one album was \"The Queen Is Dead\" by The Smiths. Made in a similar fashion to the \"Rolling Stone\"s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, the list was voted for by \"NME\"","psg_id":"18198573"},{"title":"100 Greatest Britons","text":"greatest Britons, Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Winston Churchill as main characters, played by Kenneth Branagh and Timothy Spall, each of them reading a monologue from William Shakespeare's \"The Tempest\". The ceremony also included a personal appearance by Tim Berners-Lee, who was placed 99th on the list. There were no black Britons on the list, prompting a separate three-month survey to find the 100 greatest black Britons. Although the BBC's original ranked list has been removed from their web server and what remains is only an alphabetical list of the Top 100, several other sources have preserved the original ranked list.","psg_id":"1627036"},{"title":"The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians","text":"The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians was a newspaper article published in \"The Australian\" on 27 June 2013, coinciding with that year's Australia Day. Compiled by News Limited journalist Billy Rule, the article listed what he considered were the top 50 individuals (including one horse) who \"have helped define who we are as a people and how Australia is perceived as a country\", including 'trailblazers', those who left a legacy for others to admire or benefit from, and those that engendered inspiration. Other countries have produced similar shows;","psg_id":"18790871"},{"title":"Stoned (The Rolling Stones song)","text":"Stoned (The Rolling Stones song) \"Stoned\" was released in the United Kingdom by the Rolling Stones on the Decca label on 1 November 1963, as the B-side to their version of \"I Wanna Be Your Man\". Recorded in early October 1963, it was the first song released to be credited to \"Nanker Phelge\", and the band's first original composition, derivative of \"Green Onions\" by Booker T. & the M.G.s. This bluesy quasi-instrumental features Jones on harmonica and Stewart on tack piano, with occasional vocals from Jagger who huskily recites \"Stoned ... outa mah mind ... where am I at?\" The","psg_id":"11969645"},{"title":"Exile on Main St.","text":"\"Exile on Main St\" the 42nd greatest album of all time, while in 2000 the same magazine placed it at number 3 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever. In 1987 it was ranked third on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the best 100 albums of the period 1967–1987. In 1993, \"Entertainment Weekly\" named it No. 1 on their list of \"100 Greatest CDs\". In 2003, Pitchfork Media ranked it number 11 on their Top 100 Albums of the 1970s. In 2001, the TV network VH1 placed it at number 22 on their best albums survey. In","psg_id":"1598281"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time","text":"by many specialized and generalist publications. The list, published in two issues in 2004 and 2005 and updated in 2011, was based on the choices of a panel of 55 musicians, writers, and industry figures. As the editors explain, the artists were selected by \"their peers\", and the list aims to be \"a broad survey of rock history\", spanning from rock and roll, blues, indie rock, rap music and contemporary pop music. In both versions of the list, the top three positions are held by The Beatles, Bob Dylan and Elvis Presley; rounding out the top ten (in descending order)","psg_id":"20255606"},{"title":"BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century","text":"BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century The 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century is a list compiled in August 2016 by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), chosen by a voting poll of 177 film critics from around the world. It was compiled by collating the top ten films submitted by the critics who were asked to list the best films released since the year 2000. BBC Culture requested 177 film critics from around the world to submit their responses for ten films which according to them are the greatest. The time period was limited from January 2000","psg_id":"19701486"},{"title":"Their 16 Greatest Hits","text":"collection, \"Their 16 Greatest Hits\" contained many of the hit songs from the group's first two greatest hits albums, \"Golden Grass\" and \"More Golden Grass\". This included 6 songs from the former and 9 songs from the latter. The one song not on either previous album was \"Sooner or Later,\" which had become the band's first Billboard top 10 entry since \"Midnight Confessions\" in 1968 and would be their last. The songs on this release include three songs that reached the top 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, eleven that reached the top 40, and a total of fifteen songs","psg_id":"15545950"},{"title":"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"journalists past and present, each of whom submitted a weighted list of 50 albums. This \"NME\" listing was criticized by the media. \"The Guardian\" noted that \"NME\"'s Features Editor in 2013, Laura Snapes, rated in her top four spots four albums by the same band, the National. Snapes included a fifth National's album at number 7 in her top ten greatest albums of all time. Similarly another \"NME\" journalist, Kevin EG Perry, also selected four albums by the same band in his top four spots, this time The Rolling Stones. Ben Kaye of \"Consequence of Sound\" wrote that \"if Laura","psg_id":"18198574"},{"title":"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time","text":"Political songs on the list include commentary on the 1981 Springbok tour riots in Blam Blam Blam's \"There Is No Depression in New Zealand\", and nuclear testing in the French Pacific through Herbs' \"French Letter\" and DLT's \"Chains\". The list of the top 100 is below. APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time The APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time is a selection of New Zealand songs as voted in 2001 by members of the Australasian Performing Right Association. The top 30 of this selection was used to create the Nature's Best CD and the","psg_id":"16797950"},{"title":"Like a Rolling Stone","text":"of All Time poll\" by \"Mojo\" in 2000, which included two Dylan singles, but not \"Like a Rolling Stone\". Five years later, the magazine named it his number one song. \"Rolling Stone\" picked \"Like a Rolling Stone\" as the number two single of the past 25 years in 1989, and then in 2004 placed the song at number one on its list of \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". In 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" again placed \"Like a Rolling Stone\" at the top of their list of \"500 Greatest Songs Of All Time\". In 2006, Pitchfork Media placed it at","psg_id":"4161902"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time","text":"Bob Dylan as the top songwriter. Jon Bream from \"Star Tribune\" praised the inclusion of songwriters from Minnesota and said that Dylan as a number-one songwriter is not surprising at all. Baby A. Gil from \"The Philippine Star\" reacted positively to the list, saying that \"it is the best list of its type that I have come across and I like the fact that it arouses interest in sounds one may not have heard before or in a long time.\" Lori Melton from AXS said that the list \"reads like an iconic student body in a songwriting master class\" and","psg_id":"20284831"},{"title":"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time","text":"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time The APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time is a selection of New Zealand songs as voted in 2001 by members of the Australasian Performing Right Association. The top 30 of this selection was used to create the Nature's Best CD and the rest of the list for follow up compilations. A similar list was made in Australia of the top 30 Australian songs. The list was created to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) in New Zealand in 2001. 900 candidate songs were","psg_id":"16797948"},{"title":"All Time Top 1000 Albums","text":"in each edition of the book. In 1987, radio presenter Paul Gambaccini asked approximately 80 critics and disc jockeys from the United Kingdom and United States to list their ten greatest albums of all-time. From these lists, he compiled the \"Top 100 Albums\" which was subsequently published by Pavilion Books in 1987. In 1993, Colin Larkin was approached by the now defunct Today newspaper to update this list, which was published in the newspaper. As a consequence Larkin suggested the idea of a Top 1000 albums book to his publisher. Unlike the Gambaccini list, Larkin wanted to compile a list","psg_id":"16049296"},{"title":"All-Time Top 100 TV Themes","text":"All-Time Top 100 TV Themes All-Time Top 100 TV Themes is the ninth volume of the \"Television's Greatest Hits\" series of compilation albums by TVT Records. TVT Records released the two-disc collection in 2005. It included 100 themes featuring tracks from the first seven discs of the series and newer themes from television series since the last disc was released in 1996. The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company. In September 2011, Oglio Records which headquarters is located at Los Angeles announced they were re-leasing the \"Television's Greatest Hits\" song catalog after entering into an arrangement","psg_id":"15921624"},{"title":"Slash (musician)","text":"(2012), \"World on Fire\" (2014) and \"Living the Dream\" (2018) recorded with his band, Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. He returned to Guns N' Roses in 2016. Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered one of the greatest guitarists in rock history. \"Time\" magazine named him runner-up on their list of \"The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players\" in 2009, while \"Rolling Stone\" placed him at number 65 on their list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" in 2011. \"Guitar World\" ranked his guitar solo in \"November Rain\" number 6 on their list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitar","psg_id":"957195"},{"title":"Top 10 Canadian Films of All Time","text":"question of whether Canadian cinema was becoming more creative, or if critics were biased to more popular films. Moreault objected to what he saw as too few Quebeckers participating in the vote, saying \"Incendies\" (2010) or \"Mommy\" (2014) could be included. Peter Knegt of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation called the 2015 list \"worthy\" compared the alternative list produced by data journalism website The 10 and 3, weighing votes from the Internet Movie Database. That list named \"Room\" (2015) as the best Canadian film, followed by \"Incendies\" and \"A Christmas Story\" (1983). Top 10 Canadian Films of All Time The Top","psg_id":"17262932"},{"title":"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"crazy. Speaking of the Boss, \"Nebraska\" (148) isn’t quite as good as Frank Ocean’s \"Channel Orange\" (147), but slightly better than Elliott Smith’s \"Either/Or\" (149) and The Streets \"Original Pirate Material\" (150). Also, apparently Arctic Monkeys’ one-month-old \"AM\" (449) is already better than Big Star’s \"Third\" (451). He also pointed out the differences between the list and the Top 100 British Albums Ever, released by \"NME\" in 2006. Michael Nelson of Stereogum thought the top three albums were a good choice, but said the rest was \"a waking nightmare.\" NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \"The 500 Greatest","psg_id":"18198577"},{"title":"Rolling Stoned","text":"Rolling Stoned Rolling Stoned is the debut studio album by American rapper Smoke DZA. The album was released on August 30, 2011, by iH2D and iHipHop Distribution. The album features guest appearances from Bun B, Big K.R.I.T., Kendrick Lamar, ASAP Rocky, Fiend, Den10, Dom Kennedy, Trademark da Skydiver, Schoolboy Q, Big Sant and Currensy. In an August 2011, interview with Raw Roots, Smoke DZA spoke about what to expect from the album, saying: \"You can expect the same thing. You can expect stellar production. A lot of anthems. In this particular album, I got a lot of features. Usually, I","psg_id":"17851379"},{"title":"Adam Jones (musician)","text":"Adam Jones (musician) Adam Thomas Jones (born January 15, 1965) is a three-time Grammy Award-winning American musician and visual artist, best known for his position as the guitarist for Tool. Jones has been rated the 75th Greatest Guitarist of all time by the \"Rolling Stone\" and placed ninth in \"Guitar World\"s Top 100 Greatest metal Guitarists. Jones is also the director of the majority of Tool's music videos. Jones was born in Park Ridge, Illinois, raised in Libertyville, Illinois. He was accepted into the Suzuki program, and continued to play violin through his freshman year in high school. It was","psg_id":"9039217"},{"title":"20th Century's Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction","text":"20th Century's Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction The 20th Century’s Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction is a popular \"best of\" list compiled by Larry McCaffery largely in response to the Modern Library 100 Best Novels list (1999), which McCaffery considered out of touch with 20th-century fiction. McCaffery wrote that he saw his list \"as a means of sharing with readers my own views about what books are going to be read 100 or 1000 years from now\". The list includes many books not included in the Modern Library list, including five of his top ten, Thomas","psg_id":"15394136"},{"title":"The Who","text":"Band\", and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Seven of the group's albums appeared on \"Rolling Stone\"s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003, more than any act except the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones and Bruce Springsteen. The Who The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation","psg_id":"470520"},{"title":"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"Snapes had her wish, the top four would all be The National albums\". Kaye criticised the list for the lack of women and black artists in the top ten, and thought it was predictable that the majority of artists in the top ten were British. He wrote: The Smiths’ \"The Queen Is Dead\" is the greatest album of all time. It’s better than anything the Beatles ever did (though \"Revolver\" came close). Meanwhile, the band Queen is nowhere on the list at all, whereas Queens of the Stone Age shows up thrice (they also show up Thrice, who don’t appear).","psg_id":"18198575"},{"title":"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time","text":"each from The Beach Boys (#2), Marvin Gaye (#6), The Rolling Stones (#7) and The Clash (#8). In 2012, \"Rolling Stone\" published a revised edition of the list drawing on the original and a later survey of albums up until the early 2000s. It was made available in \"bookazine\" format on newsstands in the US from April 27 to July 25. The new list contained 38 albums not present in the previous one, 16 of them released after 2003. The first version of the list, published as a magazine in November 2003, was based on the votes of 273 rock","psg_id":"7179267"},{"title":"Their 16 Greatest Hits","text":"that appeared on the chart. The original release of \"Their 16 Greatest Hits\" on Dunhill ABC had a black label pressing with the Dunhill ABC Records logo on the top-center. The front and back cover photographs were taken by Tom Gundelfinger and the package was designed by Philip Schwartz. The same artwork and design was used on the versions of the album released by MCA Records in 1980, with only the label differing. All songs produced by Steve Barri, except produced by Steve Barri & P. F. Sloan. The following people contributed to \"Their 16 Greatest Hits\": Their 16 Greatest","psg_id":"15545951"},{"title":"What the Dog Saw","text":"statistics and its lack of technical grounding. \"What the Dog Saw\" debuted at #3 on the \"New York Times\" Bestseller List. It spent three weeks in the top 3 and a total of 16 weeks on the chart, appearing concurrently with Gladwell's previous book \"Outliers\". It was also an Amazon Top 25 seller for the month of November. \"What the Dog Saw\" was named to Bloomberg's top 50 business books of 2009. All of the articles in \"What the Dog Saw\" can be read for free on Gladwell's website. Part 1: \"Obsessives, Pioneers, and other varieties of Minor Genius\" Part","psg_id":"13945106"},{"title":"After the Gold Rush","text":"\"After the Gold Rush\" has appeared on a number of greatest albums lists. In 1998 \"Q\" magazine readers voted \"After the Gold Rush\" the 89th greatest album of all time. It was ranked 92nd in a 2005 survey held by British television's Channel 4 to determine the 100 greatest albums of all time. In 2003, \"Rolling Stone\" named the album the 71st greatest album of all time, his highest ranking on this list. Pitchfork listed it 99th on their 2004 list of the \"Top 100 Albums of the 1970s\". In 2006, \"Time Magazine\" listed it as one of the 'All-TIME","psg_id":"3271181"},{"title":"Smoke on the Water","text":"Smoke on the Water \"Smoke on the Water\" is a song by the English rock band Deep Purple. It was first released on their 1972 album \"Machine Head\". In 2004, the song was ranked number 434 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time, ranked number 4 in \"Total Guitar\" magazine's Greatest Guitar Riffs Ever, and in March 2005, \"Q\" magazine placed \"Smoke on the Water\" at number 12 in its list of the 100 greatest guitar tracks. \"Smoke on the Water\" is known for and recognizable by its central theme, developed by guitarist Ritchie","psg_id":"2259144"},{"title":"Stoned (The Rolling Stones song)","text":"single was briefly released in the United States on the London Records label early in 1964, but was quickly withdrawn on \"moral grounds\" until its inclusion on \"\" in 1989. It also appeared on the 1973 UK-only compilation \"No Stone Unturned\", and on \"Singles 1963-1965\" (2004). Stoned (The Rolling Stones song) \"Stoned\" was released in the United Kingdom by the Rolling Stones on the Decca label on 1 November 1963, as the B-side to their version of \"I Wanna Be Your Man\". Recorded in early October 1963, it was the first song released to be credited to \"Nanker Phelge\", and","psg_id":"11969646"},{"title":"Usher (musician)","text":"as an icon, \"Billboard\" placed him at number 14 on their \"Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Artists\" list, number 6 on their \"Top 60 Male Artists of All-Time\" list, and 31 on their \"35 Greatest R&B Artists of All Time\" list. \"Confessions\" is placed at number 16 on their \"Greatest of All Time 200 Albums\" list, and 10 on \"Vibe\" magazine's \"Greatest 50 Albums since '93\". \"Yeah!\" is placed at number 14 in their \"Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Songs\" list, and 15 on VH1's \"Greatest Songs of the 2000s\". \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Randall Roberts marks dance","psg_id":"1699597"},{"title":"All-Time Top 100 TV Themes","text":"The Bicycle Music Company. A series of 9 initial \"6-packs\" including some of the songs from the album have been announced for 2011. All-Time Top 100 TV Themes All-Time Top 100 TV Themes is the ninth volume of the \"Television's Greatest Hits\" series of compilation albums by TVT Records. TVT Records released the two-disc collection in 2005. It included 100 themes featuring tracks from the first seven discs of the series and newer themes from television series since the last disc was released in 1996. The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company. In September 2011, Oglio","psg_id":"15921625"},{"title":"Pink Floyd","text":"on their list of \"The 10 Best Rock Bands Ever\". \"Rolling Stone\" ranked them number 51 on their list of \"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". \"Q\" named Pink Floyd as the biggest band of all time. VH1 ranked them number 18 in the list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". Colin Larkin ranked Pink Floyd number 3 in his list of the 'Top 50 Artists of All Time', a ranking based on the cumulative votes for each artist's albums included in his \"All Time Top 1000 Albums\". Pink Floyd have won several awards. In 1981 audio","psg_id":"7772000"},{"title":"Tony Iommi","text":"of the \"Riff Lords\", praising his \"highly distinctive style of fretsmanship that's economical yet crushingly effective\". In 2007, \"Classic Rock\" magazine ranked him number 6 on their list of the \"100 Wildest Guitar Heroes\". In 2011, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranked him number 25 in their list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". Joel McIver ranked him the 6th greatest metal guitarist of all time. In 2012, readers of \"Guitar World\" ranked Iommi the 7th-greatest rock guitarist of all time. Editors of the same magazine ranked him the greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time. Ian Anderson of Jethro","psg_id":"2390471"},{"title":"Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade","text":"\"featured artist\" on Rihanna's \"Umbrella\" and Beyoncé's \"Crazy in Love, bringing his total to five. The list had an albums-related companion, the \"Rolling Stone\" 100 Best Albums of the Decade. \"Rolling Stone\" 100 Best Albums of the Decade. ! width=\"5%\" | # ! width=\"45%\" | Album ! width=\"5%\" | Genre ! width=\"45%\" | Musician Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade \"Rolling Stone\"s 100 Best Songs of the Decade was a feature in US music magazine \"Rolling Stone\", charting the 100 best songs from the 2000s (2000–2009) according to a panel of 100 music writers, critics, artists and industry","psg_id":"15803034"},{"title":"Rolling Stoned","text":"Cinematic spitter’s delivery reminds of the flamboyant slick type of flow that has defined Harlem rappers, and over the laidback buoyant production, it’s a unique sound. But with the subject matter so limited, George Kush sometimes sells himself short. But \"Rolling Stoned\" results in a fun listen, however predictable it may be. While there’s room for growth, Smoke DZA has put together another solid project that’s sure to keep his growing group of Dziples asking for more. Rrrright.\" Rolling Stoned Rolling Stoned is the debut studio album by American rapper Smoke DZA. The album was released on August 30, 2011,","psg_id":"17851382"},{"title":"20 All-Time Greatest Hits!","text":"20 All-Time Greatest Hits! 20 All-Time Greatest Hits! is a compilation album by James Brown containing 20 of his most famous recordings. Released by Polydor in 1991 as a single-disc alternative to the \"Star Time\" box set, it features songs from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. 16 of the songs from the album had previously topped the US R&B charts. The album itself peaked at number 99 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart after its release. In 2003, it was ranked number 414 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Credits for \"20 All-Time Greatest","psg_id":"5954961"},{"title":"Mike McCready","text":"up\" in excluding both McCready and Pearl Jam rhythm guitarist Stone Gossard from the publication's 2003 feature \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". In 2007, McCready's guitar solos from \"Alive\" and \"Yellow Ledbetter\" were featured on \"Guitar World\"'s \"100 Greatest Guitar Solos\" list. In February 2007, McCready and Gossard were included together by \"Rolling Stone\" in its list of \"The Top 20 New Guitar Gods\" under the title of \"four-armed monster.\" He was placed at #6 on a list of \"The Twenty-Five Most Underrated Guitarists\" by \"Rolling Stone\". He was also named the highest-paid guitarist in the world, earning","psg_id":"2886018"},{"title":"Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits!","text":"had been a big hit for the group there. Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! is a compilation album released by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes on the Philadelphia International record label in July 1976. It includes all of their biggest hits with the label recorded between 1972 and 1975, such as \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\", \"The Love I Lost\", Bad Luck\", and \"Wake Up Everybody\". Many of the songs were in extended versions. The album, produced by Gamble & Huff, sold over a million in the USA. The UK","psg_id":"15932484"},{"title":"Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits!","text":"Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! is a compilation album released by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes on the Philadelphia International record label in July 1976. It includes all of their biggest hits with the label recorded between 1972 and 1975, such as \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\", \"The Love I Lost\", Bad Luck\", and \"Wake Up Everybody\". Many of the songs were in extended versions. The album, produced by Gamble & Huff, sold over a million in the USA. The UK album release also included the track, \"Satisfaction Guaranteed\" which","psg_id":"15932483"},{"title":"Kurt Cobain","text":"his death. Cobain has been remembered as one of the most iconic rock musicians in the history of alternative music. In 2003, David Fricke of \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 12th greatest guitarist of all time. He was later ranked the 73rd greatest guitarist and 45th greatest singer of all time by the same magazine, and by MTV as seventh in the \"22 Greatest Voices in Music\". In 2006, he was placed at number twenty by \"Hit Parader\" on their list of the \"100 Greatest Metal Singers of All Time\". Cobain is one of the significant members of the 27","psg_id":"223075"},{"title":"Marvin Gaye","text":"Time\" and number 82 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\". \"Q\" magazine ranked Gaye sixth on their list of the \"100 Greatest Singers\". Three of Gaye's albums – \"What's Going On\" (1971), \"Let's Get It On\" (1973), and \"Here, My Dear\" (1978) – were ranked by \"Rolling Stone\" on their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. \"What's Going On\" remains his largest-ranked album, reaching No. 6 on the \"Rolling Stone\" list and topped the NME list of the \"Top 100 Albums of All Time\" in 1985 and was later chosen in 2003","psg_id":"1312115"},{"title":"Purple Rain (album)","text":"Rock and Roll Albums of All Time\" countdown. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked it the second-best album of the 1980s and 76th on their list of the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". In 2007, the editors of \"Vanity Fair\" labeled it the best soundtrack of all time, and \"Tempo\" magazine named it the greatest album of the 1980s. In 2008, \"Entertainment Weekly\" listed \"Purple Rain\" at number one on their list of the top 100 best albums of the previous 25 years. In 2013, the magazine also listed the album at number two on their list of the 100 Greatest Albums","psg_id":"2752453"},{"title":"The Chronic","text":"was ranked eighth in \"Spin\" magazine's \"90 Greatest Albums of the '90s\", and in 2005, it was ranked at number thirty-five in their list of the \"100 Greatest Albums, 1985–2005\". \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Chronic\" at number 138 on their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2005, MTV Networks listed \"The Chronic\" as the third greatest hip hop album in history. The following year, \"Time\" magazine named it as one of \"The All-\"Time\" 100 Albums\". In a retrospective issue, \"XXL\" magazine awarded \"The Chronic\" a perfect \"XXL\" rating. \"The Source\", who originally gave the album a","psg_id":"1597590"},{"title":"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)","text":"certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2017, it was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or artistically significant.\" \"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)\" comprises nine singles released between 1972 and 1975, plus the album track \"Desperado.\" All of these singles except \"Tequila Sunrise\" charted in the top 40, with five in the top ten, and \"One of These Nights\" and \"Best of My Love\" both topping the singles chart. The manager of Eagles, Irving Azoff, said: \"We decided it was time to put out the first greatest-hits","psg_id":"3892097"},{"title":"20 All-Time Greatest Hits!","text":"Hits!\" adapted from Allmusic. 20 All-Time Greatest Hits! 20 All-Time Greatest Hits! is a compilation album by James Brown containing 20 of his most famous recordings. Released by Polydor in 1991 as a single-disc alternative to the \"Star Time\" box set, it features songs from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. 16 of the songs from the album had previously topped the US R&B charts. The album itself peaked at number 99 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart after its release. In 2003, it was ranked number 414 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Credits","psg_id":"5954962"},{"title":"Vs the Greatest of All Time","text":"not featured on this release but rather their second full length, Vee Vee. Vs the Greatest of All Time Archers of Loaf vs. The Greatest of All Time (often shortened to \"Greatest of all Time\" or simply GOAT) is the first EP by North Carolina indie rock band, Archers of Loaf. The EP was recorded shortly after their first album \"Icky Mettle\", and the styles are very similar. The cover art for the EP includes a photograph of former Toronto Maple Leafs star King Clancy. Robert Christgau gave the EP an A- grade, writing that the Archers of Loaf \"...sound","psg_id":"12689054"},{"title":"Tupac Shakur","text":"poll in 2004 rated Shakur \"the greatest rapper of all time\" as voted by fans. Editors of About.com ranked him No. 5 on their list of the \"Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007)\". In 2012, \"The Source\" ranked him No. 5 on their list of the top 50 hip-hop lyricists of all time. In a 2005 \"Rolling Stone\" magazine vote, Shakur was named No. 86 of the \"100 Immortal Artists of All Time\" behind Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, and John Lennon. MTV ranked him at No. 2 on their list of \"The Greatest MCs of All Time\". Shakur was","psg_id":"423080"},{"title":"Greatest Bengali of all time","text":"top 20 names from 26 March declaring one name each day starting from 20th position. On the final day of 14 April, which was also the Pahela Baishakh (Bengali New Year day), BBC announced Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh as the 'Greatest Bengali of all time' voted by Bengalis worldwide. Describing the process of voting, BBC's Bengali Service stated that to avoid any flaw or controversy, they followed the most modern method of opinion polling. Participants were asked to nominate their five choices of greatest Bengali on the order of preference instead of one. The top nominee","psg_id":"20487078"},{"title":"You Can't Always Get What You Want","text":"of the song as a play-out at rallies to be \"odd,\" given that it is a \"sort of doomy ballad about drugs in Chelsea.\" The Rolling Stones Additional personnel You Can't Always Get What You Want \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album \"Let It Bleed\". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine in its 2004 list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". Jagger commented on the song's beginnings: \"You Can't Always","psg_id":"5590348"},{"title":"The Birth of Soul","text":"54 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In a retrospective article for the magazine, Robert Christgau wrote that, despite \"caveats\" such as material repeated on more \"economic\" releases, \"The Birth of Soul\" is \"the rockingest Charles long-form you can buy\" and remarked on the legacy of its recordings: Christgau recommended Rhino Entertainment's 1994 compilation album \"The Best of Ray Charles: The Atlantic Years\" as a cheaper alternative to the box set. The Birth of Soul The Birth of Soul: The Complete Atlantic Rhythm and Blues Recordings is a 3-CD box set compilation by","psg_id":"10418831"},{"title":"Seo Taiji and Boys (album)","text":"copies. The album has sold over 1.8 million copies. \"Kyunghyang Shinmun\" ranked the album number 24 on its 2007 list of the Top 100 Pop Albums. \"Spin\" named \"Nan Arayo\" number 4 on their 2012 list of the 21 Greatest K-Pop Songs of All Time. \"Mnet\" chose \"Nan Arayo\" as the number 1 song on their 2014 countdown \"Legend 100 Songs\", a list of the most influential songs in Korean pop music history. In 2015, \"Rolling Stone\" named the same song number 36 on its list of the 50 Greatest Boy Band Songs of All Time. The album was released","psg_id":"17774522"},{"title":"Queen (band)","text":"recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran. In a project called \"Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs\", many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked Queen at number 52 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", while ranking Mercury the 18th greatest singer, and May the twenty-sixth greatest guitarist. \"Rolling Stone\" readers voted Mercury the second greatest frontman. Queen were named 13th on VH1's 100 Greatest","psg_id":"522901"},{"title":"Alicia Keys","text":"an avatar for millions of people, always remaining true to herself\" in 2017. \"Rolling Stone\" named \"Songs in a Minor\" as one of the \"100 Greatest Albums\", and its single \"Fallin'\" in their \"100 greatest songs\" of the 2000s decade. VH1 have listed Keys in their \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", 14 on \"100 Greatest Women\", and 33 on \"50 Greatest Women of the Video Era\" lists. Considered a music icon, Keys was placed at number 27 on \"Billboard\"s \"35 Greatest R&B Artists of All Time\" list in 2015. The BET Honors honored Keys for her contributions to music","psg_id":"705069"},{"title":"King of the Delta Blues Singers","text":"\"Mojo\" magazine ranked it number 6 on its list of 100 Records That Changed the World (2007). King of the Delta Blues Singers King of the Delta Blues Singers is a compilation album by American blues musician Robert Johnson, released in 1961 on Columbia Records. It is considered one of the greatest and most influential blues releases ever. In 2003, the album was ranked number 27 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album compiles sixteen mono recordings, thirteen of which were previously available as 78s on the Vocalion label, originally recorded during","psg_id":"5981505"},{"title":"At Home with Their Greatest Hits","text":"At Home with Their Greatest Hits At Home with Their Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by The Partridge Family released in September 1972, peaking at #21 on the US Billboard 200 album chart. It remained on the charts for 23 weeks. The album contains all previously-recorded hits and album tracks save for a cover of Neil Sedaka's \"Breaking Up Is Hard to Do\" which was released as a single, peaking at #28 on Billboard's Hot 100 and staying on the charts for 10 weeks. All tracks from the album were featured on the TV show (Seasons 1-3) The","psg_id":"1461874"},{"title":"You Can't Always Get What You Want","text":"You Can't Always Get What You Want \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album \"Let It Bleed\". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine in its 2004 list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". Jagger commented on the song's beginnings: \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\" was the first song recorded for the album. It exists in two versions, a 5:00 single mix and a 7:28 album mix. \"You Can't Always","psg_id":"5590340"},{"title":"Stone Gossard","text":"2006 self-titled album, \"Rolling Stone\" editor David Fricke mentioned that both Gossard and Pearl Jam lead guitarist Mike McCready were erroneously excluded from the publication's 2003 feature \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". In February 2007, Gossard and McCready were included together by \"Rolling Stone\" in its list of \"The Top 20 New Guitar Gods\" under the title of \"four-armed monster.\" Stone Gossard Stone Carpenter Gossard (born July 20, 1966) is an American musician who serves as the rhythm and additional lead guitarist for the American rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder,","psg_id":"3382918"},{"title":"The Xfm Top 1000 Songs of All Time","text":"being examples. Although the book mostly keeps to alternative rock acts of the present day, as well as classic bands such as The Beatles while the most recent singles in the book take up most of the list, many artists who appeared expressed their achievement as a highlight of their career, with a small number writing on the \"Xfm\" official site and also in the book itself. The Xfm Top 1000 Songs of All Time The Xfm Top 1000 Songs of All Time is a musical reference book edited by various DJ's, of the now defunct radio station \"Xfm\", which","psg_id":"16675196"},{"title":"The Greatest Love of All","text":"3 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100 R&B and number 4 on the \"Record World\" R&B Singles. In other charts, the single was between positions number 22 and number 29 in the U.S., number 27 in the UK, and number 25 and 42 in Canada. \"The Greatest Love of All\" is one of George Benson's most successful hits, and for this reason, two of his numerous collections were intutated as \"The Greatest Hits of All\", and \"\", both released in 2003. The original version of \"The Greatest Love of All\" recorded in 1977 by George Benson reached the following positions:","psg_id":"16557610"},{"title":"Axis: Bold as Love","text":"the adequate production and guitar quality on the album, but cautioned listeners of Mitchell's drumming, the music's \"spaced-out lightness\", and the short tracks: \"half the songs are forgettable as songs if fine as recordings.\" In 2005, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"Axis: Bold as Love\" number 82 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and the top spot on their list of the 40 greatest stoner albums in 2013. \"Guitarist\" magazine named the album number 7 on their list of \"the most influential guitar albums of all time\". In 2015, \"Consequence of Sound\" described the album as \"a","psg_id":"4110309"},{"title":"Kirk Hammett","text":"Kirk Hammett Kirk Lee Hammett (born November 18, 1962) is an American musician who has been lead guitarist and a contributing songwriter for the heavy metal band Metallica since 1983. Before joining Metallica he formed and named the band Exodus. In 2003, Hammett was ranked 11th on \"Rolling Stone\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2009, Hammett was ranked number 15 in Joel McIver's book \"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\". Hammett was born on November 18, 1962 in San Francisco, and raised in the town of El Sobrante, California. He is the son of Teofila \"Chefela\"","psg_id":"228298"},{"title":"One Fine Day (song)","text":"Fine Day\" was ranked #460 on \"Rolling Stone Magazine\"s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The Chiffons' placing two \"fine\" songs in the Top Ten motivated The Tokens to especially prep the group's next single \"A Love So Fine\" which only managed a #40 peak. \"Billboard\" named the song #27 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. The Chiffons' version has made numerous soundtrack appearances including: \"Fingers\" (1978), \"The Hollywood Knights\" (1980), \"The Flamingo Kid\" (1984), \"Desperately Seeking Susan\" (the track's classic piano riff opens the film) (1985), \"A Night in the","psg_id":"9263283"},{"title":"Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade","text":"Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade \"Rolling Stone\"s 100 Best Songs of the Decade was a feature in US music magazine \"Rolling Stone\", charting the 100 best songs from the 2000s (2000–2009) according to a panel of 100 music writers, critics, artists and industry insiders. The list was compiled and published in June 2009. Two years later, on 17 June 2011, the list was published online in full for the first time, with new write-ups. The list itself, however, remained the same. According to \"Rolling Stone\", the list \"reflects the eclectic spirit of the decade with tracks from","psg_id":"15803032"},{"title":"James Hetfield","text":"In 2009, Hetfield was ranked at no. 8 in Joel McIver's book \"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\", and ranked at no. 24 by \"Hit Parader\" on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time. In \"Guitar World's\" poll, Hetfield was placed as the 19th greatest guitarist of all time, as well as being placed second (along with Metallica lead guitarist Kirk Hammett) in \"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\" poll of the same magazine. \"Rolling Stone\" placed Hetfield as the 87th greatest guitarist of all time. Hetfield was born on August 3, 1963 in Downey, California, the son","psg_id":"1935967"},{"title":"Vs the Greatest of All Time","text":"Vs the Greatest of All Time Archers of Loaf vs. The Greatest of All Time (often shortened to \"Greatest of all Time\" or simply GOAT) is the first EP by North Carolina indie rock band, Archers of Loaf. The EP was recorded shortly after their first album \"Icky Mettle\", and the styles are very similar. The cover art for the EP includes a photograph of former Toronto Maple Leafs star King Clancy. Robert Christgau gave the EP an A- grade, writing that the Archers of Loaf \"...sound like a live band ready to service a living audience, their gleeful anger","psg_id":"12689052"},{"title":"Up the Bracket","text":"their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s, and it was placed 44 on a similar list by \"Uncut\". \"NME\" placed the album tenth in a list of the greatest British albums ever, as well as calling it the second greatest album of the decade. NME also placed the album number 70 on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. \"Rolling Stone\" placed the album number 61 on its list of the 100 Greatest Debut Albums of All Time and number 94 on its list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 2000s. In April 2008,","psg_id":"4000350"},{"title":"Remember (Walking in the Sand)","text":"the \"Cashbox\" R&B chart. It also hit number fourteen on the UK Singles Chart, and became more successful in the UK when reissued on several occasions in the 1970s. As noted above, Billy Joel, an unknown working as a session musician at the time, played piano on the original demo recording of the song and has playfully claimed that Morton failed to pay him his $67 union scale fee for the performance. The Shangri-Las' recording placed #395 on \"Rolling Stone\"s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list in 2004. \"Billboard\" named the song #26 on their list of 100 Greatest","psg_id":"8541426"},{"title":"Steve Jones (musician)","text":"Steve Jones (musician) Stephen Philip Jones (born 3 September 1955) is an English rock guitarist, singer and actor, best known as a guitarist with the Sex Pistols. Following the split of the Sex Pistols, he formed The Professionals with former bandmate Paul Cook. He has also released two solo albums, and worked with the likes of Johnny Thunders, Iggy Pop, Bob Dylan and Thin Lizzy. In 1995, he formed the short lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders with members of Guns N' Roses and Duran Duran. Jones was ranked in \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". Jones","psg_id":"2240100"},{"title":"Greatest Bengali of all time","text":"Greatest Bengali of all time Soon after the completion of \"100 Greatest Britons\" poll in 2002, BBC organized a similar opinion poll to find out who is the greatest Bengali personality in Bengali nation's history of thousand years. In 2004, BBC's Bengali Service conducted the opinion poll with the title 'Greatest Bengali of all time' started from February 11 continued onto March 22. The poll was participated by Bengalis around the world including from Bangladesh, India (states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam) and overseas Bengali communities. Total 140 nominations had been produced from the poll. BBC started to announce the","psg_id":"20487077"},{"title":"The Number of the Beast (album)","text":"than a collection of minor-key riffs, Iron Maiden pull this feat off with considerable élan.\" \"Q\" magazine placed the album at No. 100 in its list of the \"100 Greatest British Albums Ever\" in 2000; in 2001 named it one of the \"50 Heaviest Albums of All Time\"; and in 2006 placed it at No. 40 in its \"40 Best Albums of the '80s\" list. IGN and Metal Rules placed it third and second, respectively, in their lists of the Top Heavy Metal Albums, and \"Guitar World\" ranked it at No. 17 on their list of \"100 Greatest Guitar Albums","psg_id":"1392371"},{"title":"100 Greatest Britons","text":"100 Greatest Britons The 100 Greatest Britons was a television series broadcast by the BBC in 2002. It was based on a television poll conducted to determine who the British people at that time considered the greatest Britons in history. The series included individual programmes featuring the top ten, with viewers having further opportunity to vote after each programme. It concluded with a debate and final determination of the ranking of the top ten. Although many living people were included among the top 100, all of the top ten were deceased. The poll resulted in nominees including Guy Fawkes, who","psg_id":"1627032"},{"title":"Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time, 1998","text":"Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time, 1998 The Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time was a music poll conducted in August 1998 amongst listeners of Australian youth radio network Triple J. Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" collected the highest number of votes to claim the top position. Voters could submit a list of up to ten different songs as well as nominating one of these as their \"all-time\" favourite song. It was the fourth such poll organised by Triple J, following similar polls in 1989, 1990 and 1991. Initially, all songs were eligible for the annual Triple J","psg_id":"13576554"},{"title":"Guitarist","text":"may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre (a finger lying across many or all strings at a particular fret), and 'bottleneck' or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance. Several magazines and websites have compiled what they intend as lists of the greatest guitarists—for example \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, or \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" by \"Guitar World\" magazine. There are many classical guitarists listed as \"notable\" in their respective epochs. In recent","psg_id":"162199"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time \\\"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\\\" is a special issue published by the American magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" in two parts in 2004 and 2005, and updated in 2011. The list presented was compiled based on input from musicians, writers, and industry figures, and is focused on the rock & roll era. It predominantly features American and British musicians. The publication also features comments written by musicians about their favorite colleagues (e.g., Elvis Costello on The Beatles, Janet Jackson on Tina Turner, etc.). Since its publication, the list has been frequently cited\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20255605\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"(Canada), Lee \\\"Scratch\\\" Perry (Jamaica; only in the 2005 list), Carlos Santana (Mexico/US), U2 (Ireland), and Neil Young (Canada). Tina Turner, who relinquished her American citizenship after obtaining Swiss citizenship in 2013, was still an American citizen when included in the list. Most artists on the list were active in the 1960s and 1970s. Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time \\\"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\\\" is a special issue published by the American magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" in two parts in 2004 and 2005, and updated in 2011. The list presented was compiled based on input from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20255608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"complimented the inclusion of female songwriters Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Dolly Parton, Stevie Nicks, Madonna, Chrissie Hynde, Loretta Lynn, Lucinda Williams, and Björk, as well as Taylor Swift who is the youngest person on the list. Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time \\\"The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\\\" is a feature published by the American magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" in August 2015. The list presented was compiled based on the magazine's music critics. It predominantly features American and English songwriters of the rock era. The list received mixed response from fellow publications. Writing for \\\"Flavorwire\\\", Judy Berman criticized\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20284832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time \\\"The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\\\" is a feature published by the American magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" in August 2015. The list presented was compiled based on the magazine's music critics. It predominantly features American and English songwriters of the rock era. The list received mixed response from fellow publications. Writing for \\\"Flavorwire\\\", Judy Berman criticized the selection of the songwriters, saying \\\"Predictably, it's over 70% white and features only nine solo female songwriters (five other women are included as part of mixed-gender writing teams). Classic rock is overrepresented; every other genre\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20284829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest Marvels of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"which contained four issues. The top five issues were each reprinted in their own volumes (volumes six through ten). 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time The 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time was a series of trade paperbacks published in 2001 by Marvel Comics. Earlier in the year, the publisher had held a poll asking readers to vote on their favorite issues of Marvel comic book series. The top 25 issues were then reprinted in trade paperback form, with a list in the back of each volume listing the results of the poll from the 100th issue to the last\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8815658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest Marvels of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"100 Greatest Marvels of All Time The 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time was a series of trade paperbacks published in 2001 by Marvel Comics. Earlier in the year, the publisher had held a poll asking readers to vote on their favorite issues of Marvel comic book series. The top 25 issues were then reprinted in trade paperback form, with a list in the back of each volume listing the results of the poll from the 100th issue to the last issue contained in that particular volume. Numbers 25 to 6 were published in volumes one through five, each of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8815657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"is the Crystals; their \\\"Da Doo Ron Ron\\\" (previously number 114) was the highest-ranked song to have been dropped. Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \\\"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\" was the cover story of a special issue of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", issue number 963, published in December 2004, a year after the magazine published its list of \\\"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\". In May 2010, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" compiled an update, published in a special issue and in digital form for the iPod and iPad. The list differs from the 2004 version, with 26 songs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7214372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Rock Writers Reconsiders the Classics\\\" () in 2004. This featured a number of generally younger critics arguing against the high evaluation of various \\\"great\\\" albums, some of which had been included in the list, including DeRogatis taking on \\\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\\\", which had been \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s top choice. Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \\\"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\" is a 2003 special issue of American biweekly magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7179270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time\",\n \"text\": \"Johnson complained that it was premature to claim that any episode of \\\"ER\\\" had established sufficient cultural significance to rank third on the original list. Jaime Weinman of \\\"Maclean's\\\" complained that the 2009 list was composed of the most well-known episode of famous series, claiming that they were largely unexceptional episodes. He preferred the 1997 list, which he said was produced when \\\"TV Guide\\\" was a higher caliber publication. TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time (1997) and Top 100 Episodes of All Time (2009) are lists of the 100 best television show episodes in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16392175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time\",\n \"text\": \"TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time (1997) and Top 100 Episodes of All Time (2009) are lists of the 100 best television show episodes in U.S. television history. \\\"TV Guide\\\" published both lists: the first, published in June 28, 1997, was produced in collaboration with Nick at Nite's TV Land. A revised list was published in June 15, 2009. The lists excluded game shows and variety shows, but included situation comedies and drama series. About 25 shows from the original list were featured during a special week on Nick at Night on Nickelodeon and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16392170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \\\"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\" was the cover story of a special issue of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", issue number 963, published in December 2004, a year after the magazine published its list of \\\"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\". In May 2010, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" compiled an update, published in a special issue and in digital form for the iPod and iPad. The list differs from the 2004 version, with 26 songs added, all of which are songs from the 2000s except \\\"Juicy\\\" by The Notorious B.I.G., released in 1994. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7214370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"100 Greatest of All Time 100 Greatest of All Time was a television series of five one-hour episodes, produced and first aired by Tennis Channel in March 2012. It presented a list of the \\\"100 greatest tennis players of all time\\\", both men and women. The series was hosted by Jack Nicklaus, Jerry Rice, Wayne Gretzky, Lisa Leslie and Carl Lewis. Many retired tennis luminaries provided commentary, including Rod Laver, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Björn Borg, John McEnroe, Martina Navratilova, Pete Sampras, and Andre Agassi. An \\\"international panel of tennis experts\\\" determined this ranking of 62 men and 38\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16388295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song)\",\n \"text\": \"Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song) \\\"Brown Sugar\\\" is a song by the Rolling Stones. It is the opening track and lead single from their album \\\"Sticky Fingers\\\" (1971). \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine ranked it number 495 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and at number five on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. Though credited, like most of their compositions, to the singer/guitarist pair of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, the song was primarily the work of Jagger, who wrote it sometime during the filming of \\\"Ned Kelly\\\" in 1969.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4009279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"women. The United States was credited with the most great players (38), followed by Australia (17), France (7), Great Britain (6) and Czechoslovakia (5). Forty-three players made the list from the Americas, 39 from Europe and 18 from Oceania. Note: Bolded players are still active today. Slams figures reflect number of wins in Singles draws and are up-to-date, meaning that they may now be higher than the numbers used to determine the March 2012 list. 100 Greatest of All Time 100 Greatest of All Time was a television series of five one-hour episodes, produced and first aired by Tennis Channel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16388296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time is a list of the best album releases issued by Slovak recording artists. As the first such list presented in Slovakia, it was published by \\\"Nový čas\\\" daily on 22 September 2007. The list is entirely composed of Slovak, or else of formerly Czechoslovak artists, featuring all albums published in the country of origin from the 1960s onwards. Some of nominated full-length records could have been performed also in a different language (occasionally in English but partially). Ranking itself was based on votes received\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16005262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Collegium Musicum at number No. 89. The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time is a list of the best album releases issued by Slovak recording artists. As the first such list presented in Slovakia, it was published by \\\"Nový čas\\\" daily on 22 September 2007. The list is entirely composed of Slovak, or else of formerly Czechoslovak artists, featuring all albums published in the country of origin from the 1960s onwards. Some of nominated full-length records could have been performed also in a different language (occasionally in English but partially). Ranking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16005264\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players\",\n \"text\": \"a group of 10 players from the list, with each nominee player presented and advocated for by a separate noteworthy individual in the world of sports and entertainment. It started with the players ranked 100 through 91, and moving up the list each week. The final episode, premiering on November 4, 2010, introduced the top 10 players of all time according to the panel. Jerry Rice was chosen as the top player of all time, with Jim Brown as the second choice. The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players was a ten-part television series that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15091506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players\",\n \"text\": \"The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players was a ten-part television series that set out to determine the top 100 greatest NFL players of all time. It was presented by the NFL Network in 2010. The series was based on a list of the top 100 National Football League players of all time, as compiled by a \\\"blue-ribbon\\\" panel assembled by the NFL Network. The members of the panel were current and former NFL coaches, players, executives, and members of the media. Each episode, broadcast each Thursday from September 3 to November 4, 2010, introduced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15091505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \\\"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\" is a 2003 special issue of American biweekly magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures. The lists predominantly feature American and British music from the 1960s and the 1970s, topped by The Beatles’ 1967 album \\\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\\\", with a top 10 that featured four entries from The Beatles (#1, 3, 5 and 10), two from Bob Dylan (#4 and 9), and one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7179266\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Greatest Bengali of all time\",\n \"text\": \"religious preachers, one scientist and one economist got place in the final list. Begum Rokeya was the only woman and Amartya Sen only living personality to be voted in top 20. Greatest Bengali of all time Soon after the completion of \\\"100 Greatest Britons\\\" poll in 2002, BBC organized a similar opinion poll to find out who is the greatest Bengali personality in Bengali nation's history of thousand years. In 2004, BBC's Bengali Service conducted the opinion poll with the title 'Greatest Bengali of all time' started from February 11 continued onto March 22. The poll was participated by Bengalis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20487080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"top spot in the last five decennial critics' polls. The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the \\\"Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time\\\" according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by \\\"Sight & Sound\\\" and published in the journal's September 2012 issue. They published the critics' list, based on 846 critics, programmers, academics, and distributors, and the directors' list, based on 358 directors and filmmakers. \\\"Sight & Sound\\\", published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952. In the 2012 critics' poll,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16703306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"and subgenre of popular music is underrepresented.\\\" Geeta Dayal from \\\"The Guardian\\\" accused \\\"corporate sponsorship\\\" in determining the list's content. Tom Moon from NPR wrote that \\\"This list represents another trip through the hagiographic, hermetically sealed rock hall of fame, with the same stars you've been reading about in Rolling Stone since the dinosaur age.\\\" \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" editor Martin Chilton responded with a list of 100 best songwriters missed out by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", including Cole Porter, Townes Van Zandt, Ewan MacColl, Kate Bush, and Ray Charles. Jacqueline Cutler from \\\"New York Daily News\\\" agreed with the magazine for ranking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20284830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the \\\"Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time\\\" according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by \\\"Sight & Sound\\\" and published in the journal's September 2012 issue. They published the critics' list, based on 846 critics, programmers, academics, and distributors, and the directors' list, based on 358 directors and filmmakers. \\\"Sight & Sound\\\", published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952. In the 2012 critics' poll, \\\"Vertigo\\\" ranked first, replacing \\\"Citizen Kane\\\", which held the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16703305\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians\",\n \"text\": \"see Greatest Britons spin-offs The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians was a newspaper article published in \\\"The Australian\\\" on 27 June 2013, coinciding with that year's Australia Day. Compiled by News Limited journalist Billy Rule, the article listed what he considered were the top 50 individuals (including one horse) who \\\"have helped define who we are as a people and how Australia is perceived as a country\\\", including 'trailblazers', those who left a legacy for others to admire or benefit from, and those that engendered inspiration. Other countries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18790872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \\\"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\" is a 2013 special issue of British magazine \\\"NME\\\", available digitally or in newsstands on October 23. The list presented was compiled based on votes from current and past \\\"NME\\\" journalists. The list and writer's choices voting several times for the same act, were criticized by several papers including \\\"The Guardian\\\". The number one album was \\\"The Queen Is Dead\\\" by The Smiths. Made in a similar fashion to the \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, the list was voted for by \\\"NME\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18198573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest Britons\",\n \"text\": \"greatest Britons, Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Winston Churchill as main characters, played by Kenneth Branagh and Timothy Spall, each of them reading a monologue from William Shakespeare's \\\"The Tempest\\\". The ceremony also included a personal appearance by Tim Berners-Lee, who was placed 99th on the list. There were no black Britons on the list, prompting a separate three-month survey to find the 100 greatest black Britons. Although the BBC's original ranked list has been removed from their web server and what remains is only an alphabetical list of the Top 100, several other sources have preserved the original ranked list.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1627036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians\",\n \"text\": \"The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians The Greatest of All - Our 50 Top Australians was a newspaper article published in \\\"The Australian\\\" on 27 June 2013, coinciding with that year's Australia Day. Compiled by News Limited journalist Billy Rule, the article listed what he considered were the top 50 individuals (including one horse) who \\\"have helped define who we are as a people and how Australia is perceived as a country\\\", including 'trailblazers', those who left a legacy for others to admire or benefit from, and those that engendered inspiration. Other countries have produced similar shows;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18790871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stoned (The Rolling Stones song)\",\n \"text\": \"Stoned (The Rolling Stones song) \\\"Stoned\\\" was released in the United Kingdom by the Rolling Stones on the Decca label on 1 November 1963, as the B-side to their version of \\\"I Wanna Be Your Man\\\". Recorded in early October 1963, it was the first song released to be credited to \\\"Nanker Phelge\\\", and the band's first original composition, derivative of \\\"Green Onions\\\" by Booker T. & the M.G.s. This bluesy quasi-instrumental features Jones on harmonica and Stewart on tack piano, with occasional vocals from Jagger who huskily recites \\\"Stoned ... outa mah mind ... where am I at?\\\" The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exile on Main St.\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Exile on Main St\\\" the 42nd greatest album of all time, while in 2000 the same magazine placed it at number 3 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever. In 1987 it was ranked third on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of the best 100 albums of the period 1967–1987. In 1993, \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" named it No. 1 on their list of \\\"100 Greatest CDs\\\". In 2003, Pitchfork Media ranked it number 11 on their Top 100 Albums of the 1970s. In 2001, the TV network VH1 placed it at number 22 on their best albums survey. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1598281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"by many specialized and generalist publications. The list, published in two issues in 2004 and 2005 and updated in 2011, was based on the choices of a panel of 55 musicians, writers, and industry figures. As the editors explain, the artists were selected by \\\"their peers\\\", and the list aims to be \\\"a broad survey of rock history\\\", spanning from rock and roll, blues, indie rock, rap music and contemporary pop music. In both versions of the list, the top three positions are held by The Beatles, Bob Dylan and Elvis Presley; rounding out the top ten (in descending order)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20255606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century\",\n \"text\": \"BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century The 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century is a list compiled in August 2016 by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), chosen by a voting poll of 177 film critics from around the world. It was compiled by collating the top ten films submitted by the critics who were asked to list the best films released since the year 2000. BBC Culture requested 177 film critics from around the world to submit their responses for ten films which according to them are the greatest. The time period was limited from January 2000\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19701486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Their 16 Greatest Hits\",\n \"text\": \"collection, \\\"Their 16 Greatest Hits\\\" contained many of the hit songs from the group's first two greatest hits albums, \\\"Golden Grass\\\" and \\\"More Golden Grass\\\". This included 6 songs from the former and 9 songs from the latter. The one song not on either previous album was \\\"Sooner or Later,\\\" which had become the band's first Billboard top 10 entry since \\\"Midnight Confessions\\\" in 1968 and would be their last. The songs on this release include three songs that reached the top 10 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, eleven that reached the top 40, and a total of fifteen songs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15545950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"journalists past and present, each of whom submitted a weighted list of 50 albums. This \\\"NME\\\" listing was criticized by the media. \\\"The Guardian\\\" noted that \\\"NME\\\"'s Features Editor in 2013, Laura Snapes, rated in her top four spots four albums by the same band, the National. Snapes included a fifth National's album at number 7 in her top ten greatest albums of all time. Similarly another \\\"NME\\\" journalist, Kevin EG Perry, also selected four albums by the same band in his top four spots, this time The Rolling Stones. Ben Kaye of \\\"Consequence of Sound\\\" wrote that \\\"if Laura\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18198574\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Political songs on the list include commentary on the 1981 Springbok tour riots in Blam Blam Blam's \\\"There Is No Depression in New Zealand\\\", and nuclear testing in the French Pacific through Herbs' \\\"French Letter\\\" and DLT's \\\"Chains\\\". The list of the top 100 is below. APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time The APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time is a selection of New Zealand songs as voted in 2001 by members of the Australasian Performing Right Association. The top 30 of this selection was used to create the Nature's Best CD and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16797950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Like a Rolling Stone\",\n \"text\": \"of All Time poll\\\" by \\\"Mojo\\\" in 2000, which included two Dylan singles, but not \\\"Like a Rolling Stone\\\". Five years later, the magazine named it his number one song. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" picked \\\"Like a Rolling Stone\\\" as the number two single of the past 25 years in 1989, and then in 2004 placed the song at number one on its list of \\\"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\". In 2010, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" again placed \\\"Like a Rolling Stone\\\" at the top of their list of \\\"500 Greatest Songs Of All Time\\\". In 2006, Pitchfork Media placed it at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4161902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Dylan as the top songwriter. Jon Bream from \\\"Star Tribune\\\" praised the inclusion of songwriters from Minnesota and said that Dylan as a number-one songwriter is not surprising at all. Baby A. Gil from \\\"The Philippine Star\\\" reacted positively to the list, saying that \\\"it is the best list of its type that I have come across and I like the fact that it arouses interest in sounds one may not have heard before or in a long time.\\\" Lori Melton from AXS said that the list \\\"reads like an iconic student body in a songwriting master class\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20284831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time The APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time is a selection of New Zealand songs as voted in 2001 by members of the Australasian Performing Right Association. The top 30 of this selection was used to create the Nature's Best CD and the rest of the list for follow up compilations. A similar list was made in Australia of the top 30 Australian songs. The list was created to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) in New Zealand in 2001. 900 candidate songs were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16797948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All Time Top 1000 Albums\",\n \"text\": \"in each edition of the book. In 1987, radio presenter Paul Gambaccini asked approximately 80 critics and disc jockeys from the United Kingdom and United States to list their ten greatest albums of all-time. From these lists, he compiled the \\\"Top 100 Albums\\\" which was subsequently published by Pavilion Books in 1987. In 1993, Colin Larkin was approached by the now defunct Today newspaper to update this list, which was published in the newspaper. As a consequence Larkin suggested the idea of a Top 1000 albums book to his publisher. Unlike the Gambaccini list, Larkin wanted to compile a list\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16049296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All-Time Top 100 TV Themes\",\n \"text\": \"All-Time Top 100 TV Themes All-Time Top 100 TV Themes is the ninth volume of the \\\"Television's Greatest Hits\\\" series of compilation albums by TVT Records. TVT Records released the two-disc collection in 2005. It included 100 themes featuring tracks from the first seven discs of the series and newer themes from television series since the last disc was released in 1996. The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company. In September 2011, Oglio Records which headquarters is located at Los Angeles announced they were re-leasing the \\\"Television's Greatest Hits\\\" song catalog after entering into an arrangement\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15921624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Slash (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"(2012), \\\"World on Fire\\\" (2014) and \\\"Living the Dream\\\" (2018) recorded with his band, Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. He returned to Guns N' Roses in 2016. Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered one of the greatest guitarists in rock history. \\\"Time\\\" magazine named him runner-up on their list of \\\"The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players\\\" in 2009, while \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" placed him at number 65 on their list of \\\"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\" in 2011. \\\"Guitar World\\\" ranked his guitar solo in \\\"November Rain\\\" number 6 on their list of \\\"The 100 Greatest Guitar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"957195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Top 10 Canadian Films of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"question of whether Canadian cinema was becoming more creative, or if critics were biased to more popular films. Moreault objected to what he saw as too few Quebeckers participating in the vote, saying \\\"Incendies\\\" (2010) or \\\"Mommy\\\" (2014) could be included. Peter Knegt of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation called the 2015 list \\\"worthy\\\" compared the alternative list produced by data journalism website The 10 and 3, weighing votes from the Internet Movie Database. That list named \\\"Room\\\" (2015) as the best Canadian film, followed by \\\"Incendies\\\" and \\\"A Christmas Story\\\" (1983). Top 10 Canadian Films of All Time The Top\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17262932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"crazy. Speaking of the Boss, \\\"Nebraska\\\" (148) isn’t quite as good as Frank Ocean’s \\\"Channel Orange\\\" (147), but slightly better than Elliott Smith’s \\\"Either/Or\\\" (149) and The Streets \\\"Original Pirate Material\\\" (150). Also, apparently Arctic Monkeys’ one-month-old \\\"AM\\\" (449) is already better than Big Star’s \\\"Third\\\" (451). He also pointed out the differences between the list and the Top 100 British Albums Ever, released by \\\"NME\\\" in 2006. Michael Nelson of Stereogum thought the top three albums were a good choice, but said the rest was \\\"a waking nightmare.\\\" NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \\\"The 500 Greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18198577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stoned\",\n \"text\": \"Rolling Stoned Rolling Stoned is the debut studio album by American rapper Smoke DZA. The album was released on August 30, 2011, by iH2D and iHipHop Distribution. The album features guest appearances from Bun B, Big K.R.I.T., Kendrick Lamar, ASAP Rocky, Fiend, Den10, Dom Kennedy, Trademark da Skydiver, Schoolboy Q, Big Sant and Currensy. In an August 2011, interview with Raw Roots, Smoke DZA spoke about what to expect from the album, saying: \\\"You can expect the same thing. You can expect stellar production. A lot of anthems. In this particular album, I got a lot of features. Usually, I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17851379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Adam Jones (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Jones (musician) Adam Thomas Jones (born January 15, 1965) is a three-time Grammy Award-winning American musician and visual artist, best known for his position as the guitarist for Tool. Jones has been rated the 75th Greatest Guitarist of all time by the \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" and placed ninth in \\\"Guitar World\\\"s Top 100 Greatest metal Guitarists. Jones is also the director of the majority of Tool's music videos. Jones was born in Park Ridge, Illinois, raised in Libertyville, Illinois. He was accepted into the Suzuki program, and continued to play violin through his freshman year in high school. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9039217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"20th Century's Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction\",\n \"text\": \"20th Century's Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction The 20th Century’s Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction is a popular \\\"best of\\\" list compiled by Larry McCaffery largely in response to the Modern Library 100 Best Novels list (1999), which McCaffery considered out of touch with 20th-century fiction. McCaffery wrote that he saw his list \\\"as a means of sharing with readers my own views about what books are going to be read 100 or 1000 years from now\\\". The list includes many books not included in the Modern Library list, including five of his top ten, Thomas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15394136\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Who\",\n \"text\": \"Band\\\", and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Seven of the group's albums appeared on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003, more than any act except the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones and Bruce Springsteen. The Who The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"470520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"NME's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Snapes had her wish, the top four would all be The National albums\\\". Kaye criticised the list for the lack of women and black artists in the top ten, and thought it was predictable that the majority of artists in the top ten were British. He wrote: The Smiths’ \\\"The Queen Is Dead\\\" is the greatest album of all time. It’s better than anything the Beatles ever did (though \\\"Revolver\\\" came close). Meanwhile, the band Queen is nowhere on the list at all, whereas Queens of the Stone Age shows up thrice (they also show up Thrice, who don’t appear).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18198575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"each from The Beach Boys (#2), Marvin Gaye (#6), The Rolling Stones (#7) and The Clash (#8). In 2012, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" published a revised edition of the list drawing on the original and a later survey of albums up until the early 2000s. It was made available in \\\"bookazine\\\" format on newsstands in the US from April 27 to July 25. The new list contained 38 albums not present in the previous one, 16 of them released after 2003. The first version of the list, published as a magazine in November 2003, was based on the votes of 273 rock\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7179267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Their 16 Greatest Hits\",\n \"text\": \"that appeared on the chart. The original release of \\\"Their 16 Greatest Hits\\\" on Dunhill ABC had a black label pressing with the Dunhill ABC Records logo on the top-center. The front and back cover photographs were taken by Tom Gundelfinger and the package was designed by Philip Schwartz. The same artwork and design was used on the versions of the album released by MCA Records in 1980, with only the label differing. All songs produced by Steve Barri, except produced by Steve Barri & P. F. Sloan. The following people contributed to \\\"Their 16 Greatest Hits\\\": Their 16 Greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15545951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What the Dog Saw\",\n \"text\": \"statistics and its lack of technical grounding. \\\"What the Dog Saw\\\" debuted at #3 on the \\\"New York Times\\\" Bestseller List. It spent three weeks in the top 3 and a total of 16 weeks on the chart, appearing concurrently with Gladwell's previous book \\\"Outliers\\\". It was also an Amazon Top 25 seller for the month of November. \\\"What the Dog Saw\\\" was named to Bloomberg's top 50 business books of 2009. All of the articles in \\\"What the Dog Saw\\\" can be read for free on Gladwell's website. Part 1: \\\"Obsessives, Pioneers, and other varieties of Minor Genius\\\" Part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13945106\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"After the Gold Rush\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"After the Gold Rush\\\" has appeared on a number of greatest albums lists. In 1998 \\\"Q\\\" magazine readers voted \\\"After the Gold Rush\\\" the 89th greatest album of all time. It was ranked 92nd in a 2005 survey held by British television's Channel 4 to determine the 100 greatest albums of all time. In 2003, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" named the album the 71st greatest album of all time, his highest ranking on this list. Pitchfork listed it 99th on their 2004 list of the \\\"Top 100 Albums of the 1970s\\\". In 2006, \\\"Time Magazine\\\" listed it as one of the 'All-TIME\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3271181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Smoke on the Water\",\n \"text\": \"Smoke on the Water \\\"Smoke on the Water\\\" is a song by the English rock band Deep Purple. It was first released on their 1972 album \\\"Machine Head\\\". In 2004, the song was ranked number 434 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time, ranked number 4 in \\\"Total Guitar\\\" magazine's Greatest Guitar Riffs Ever, and in March 2005, \\\"Q\\\" magazine placed \\\"Smoke on the Water\\\" at number 12 in its list of the 100 greatest guitar tracks. \\\"Smoke on the Water\\\" is known for and recognizable by its central theme, developed by guitarist Ritchie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2259144\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stoned (The Rolling Stones song)\",\n \"text\": \"single was briefly released in the United States on the London Records label early in 1964, but was quickly withdrawn on \\\"moral grounds\\\" until its inclusion on \\\"\\\" in 1989. It also appeared on the 1973 UK-only compilation \\\"No Stone Unturned\\\", and on \\\"Singles 1963-1965\\\" (2004). Stoned (The Rolling Stones song) \\\"Stoned\\\" was released in the United Kingdom by the Rolling Stones on the Decca label on 1 November 1963, as the B-side to their version of \\\"I Wanna Be Your Man\\\". Recorded in early October 1963, it was the first song released to be credited to \\\"Nanker Phelge\\\", and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Usher (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"as an icon, \\\"Billboard\\\" placed him at number 14 on their \\\"Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Artists\\\" list, number 6 on their \\\"Top 60 Male Artists of All-Time\\\" list, and 31 on their \\\"35 Greatest R&B Artists of All Time\\\" list. \\\"Confessions\\\" is placed at number 16 on their \\\"Greatest of All Time 200 Albums\\\" list, and 10 on \\\"Vibe\\\" magazine's \\\"Greatest 50 Albums since '93\\\". \\\"Yeah!\\\" is placed at number 14 in their \\\"Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Songs\\\" list, and 15 on VH1's \\\"Greatest Songs of the 2000s\\\". \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" critic Randall Roberts marks dance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1699597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All-Time Top 100 TV Themes\",\n \"text\": \"The Bicycle Music Company. A series of 9 initial \\\"6-packs\\\" including some of the songs from the album have been announced for 2011. All-Time Top 100 TV Themes All-Time Top 100 TV Themes is the ninth volume of the \\\"Television's Greatest Hits\\\" series of compilation albums by TVT Records. TVT Records released the two-disc collection in 2005. It included 100 themes featuring tracks from the first seven discs of the series and newer themes from television series since the last disc was released in 1996. The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company. In September 2011, Oglio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15921625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pink Floyd\",\n \"text\": \"on their list of \\\"The 10 Best Rock Bands Ever\\\". \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" ranked them number 51 on their list of \\\"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\\\". \\\"Q\\\" named Pink Floyd as the biggest band of all time. VH1 ranked them number 18 in the list of the \\\"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\\\". Colin Larkin ranked Pink Floyd number 3 in his list of the 'Top 50 Artists of All Time', a ranking based on the cumulative votes for each artist's albums included in his \\\"All Time Top 1000 Albums\\\". Pink Floyd have won several awards. In 1981 audio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7772000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tony Iommi\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"Riff Lords\\\", praising his \\\"highly distinctive style of fretsmanship that's economical yet crushingly effective\\\". In 2007, \\\"Classic Rock\\\" magazine ranked him number 6 on their list of the \\\"100 Wildest Guitar Heroes\\\". In 2011, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine ranked him number 25 in their list of the \\\"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\". Joel McIver ranked him the 6th greatest metal guitarist of all time. In 2012, readers of \\\"Guitar World\\\" ranked Iommi the 7th-greatest rock guitarist of all time. Editors of the same magazine ranked him the greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time. Ian Anderson of Jethro\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2390471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"featured artist\\\" on Rihanna's \\\"Umbrella\\\" and Beyoncé's \\\"Crazy in Love, bringing his total to five. The list had an albums-related companion, the \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" 100 Best Albums of the Decade. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" 100 Best Albums of the Decade. ! width=\\\"5%\\\" | # ! width=\\\"45%\\\" | Album ! width=\\\"5%\\\" | Genre ! width=\\\"45%\\\" | Musician Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s 100 Best Songs of the Decade was a feature in US music magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", charting the 100 best songs from the 2000s (2000–2009) according to a panel of 100 music writers, critics, artists and industry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15803034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stoned\",\n \"text\": \"Cinematic spitter’s delivery reminds of the flamboyant slick type of flow that has defined Harlem rappers, and over the laidback buoyant production, it’s a unique sound. But with the subject matter so limited, George Kush sometimes sells himself short. But \\\"Rolling Stoned\\\" results in a fun listen, however predictable it may be. While there’s room for growth, Smoke DZA has put together another solid project that’s sure to keep his growing group of Dziples asking for more. Rrrright.\\\" Rolling Stoned Rolling Stoned is the debut studio album by American rapper Smoke DZA. The album was released on August 30, 2011,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17851382\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"20 All-Time Greatest Hits!\",\n \"text\": \"20 All-Time Greatest Hits! 20 All-Time Greatest Hits! is a compilation album by James Brown containing 20 of his most famous recordings. Released by Polydor in 1991 as a single-disc alternative to the \\\"Star Time\\\" box set, it features songs from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. 16 of the songs from the album had previously topped the US R&B charts. The album itself peaked at number 99 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart after its release. In 2003, it was ranked number 414 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Credits for \\\"20 All-Time Greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5954961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mike McCready\",\n \"text\": \"up\\\" in excluding both McCready and Pearl Jam rhythm guitarist Stone Gossard from the publication's 2003 feature \\\"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\". In 2007, McCready's guitar solos from \\\"Alive\\\" and \\\"Yellow Ledbetter\\\" were featured on \\\"Guitar World\\\"'s \\\"100 Greatest Guitar Solos\\\" list. In February 2007, McCready and Gossard were included together by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" in its list of \\\"The Top 20 New Guitar Gods\\\" under the title of \\\"four-armed monster.\\\" He was placed at #6 on a list of \\\"The Twenty-Five Most Underrated Guitarists\\\" by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\". He was also named the highest-paid guitarist in the world, earning\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2886018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits!\",\n \"text\": \"had been a big hit for the group there. Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! is a compilation album released by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes on the Philadelphia International record label in July 1976. It includes all of their biggest hits with the label recorded between 1972 and 1975, such as \\\"If You Don't Know Me by Now\\\", \\\"The Love I Lost\\\", Bad Luck\\\", and \\\"Wake Up Everybody\\\". Many of the songs were in extended versions. The album, produced by Gamble & Huff, sold over a million in the USA. The UK\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15932484\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits!\",\n \"text\": \"Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! is a compilation album released by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes on the Philadelphia International record label in July 1976. It includes all of their biggest hits with the label recorded between 1972 and 1975, such as \\\"If You Don't Know Me by Now\\\", \\\"The Love I Lost\\\", Bad Luck\\\", and \\\"Wake Up Everybody\\\". Many of the songs were in extended versions. The album, produced by Gamble & Huff, sold over a million in the USA. The UK album release also included the track, \\\"Satisfaction Guaranteed\\\" which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15932483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kurt Cobain\",\n \"text\": \"his death. Cobain has been remembered as one of the most iconic rock musicians in the history of alternative music. In 2003, David Fricke of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" ranked him the 12th greatest guitarist of all time. He was later ranked the 73rd greatest guitarist and 45th greatest singer of all time by the same magazine, and by MTV as seventh in the \\\"22 Greatest Voices in Music\\\". In 2006, he was placed at number twenty by \\\"Hit Parader\\\" on their list of the \\\"100 Greatest Metal Singers of All Time\\\". Cobain is one of the significant members of the 27\",\n \"psg_id\": \"223075\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marvin Gaye\",\n \"text\": \"Time\\\" and number 82 on their list of the \\\"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\\\". \\\"Q\\\" magazine ranked Gaye sixth on their list of the \\\"100 Greatest Singers\\\". Three of Gaye's albums – \\\"What's Going On\\\" (1971), \\\"Let's Get It On\\\" (1973), and \\\"Here, My Dear\\\" (1978) – were ranked by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" on their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. \\\"What's Going On\\\" remains his largest-ranked album, reaching No. 6 on the \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" list and topped the NME list of the \\\"Top 100 Albums of All Time\\\" in 1985 and was later chosen in 2003\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1312115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Purple Rain (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Rock and Roll Albums of All Time\\\" countdown. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" ranked it the second-best album of the 1980s and 76th on their list of the \\\"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\". In 2007, the editors of \\\"Vanity Fair\\\" labeled it the best soundtrack of all time, and \\\"Tempo\\\" magazine named it the greatest album of the 1980s. In 2008, \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" listed \\\"Purple Rain\\\" at number one on their list of the top 100 best albums of the previous 25 years. In 2013, the magazine also listed the album at number two on their list of the 100 Greatest Albums\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2752453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Chronic\",\n \"text\": \"was ranked eighth in \\\"Spin\\\" magazine's \\\"90 Greatest Albums of the '90s\\\", and in 2005, it was ranked at number thirty-five in their list of the \\\"100 Greatest Albums, 1985–2005\\\". \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" ranked \\\"The Chronic\\\" at number 138 on their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2005, MTV Networks listed \\\"The Chronic\\\" as the third greatest hip hop album in history. The following year, \\\"Time\\\" magazine named it as one of \\\"The All-\\\"Time\\\" 100 Albums\\\". In a retrospective issue, \\\"XXL\\\" magazine awarded \\\"The Chronic\\\" a perfect \\\"XXL\\\" rating. \\\"The Source\\\", who originally gave the album a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1597590\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)\",\n \"text\": \"certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2017, it was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being \\\"culturally, historically, or artistically significant.\\\" \\\"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)\\\" comprises nine singles released between 1972 and 1975, plus the album track \\\"Desperado.\\\" All of these singles except \\\"Tequila Sunrise\\\" charted in the top 40, with five in the top ten, and \\\"One of These Nights\\\" and \\\"Best of My Love\\\" both topping the singles chart. The manager of Eagles, Irving Azoff, said: \\\"We decided it was time to put out the first greatest-hits\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3892097\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"20 All-Time Greatest Hits!\",\n \"text\": \"Hits!\\\" adapted from Allmusic. 20 All-Time Greatest Hits! 20 All-Time Greatest Hits! is a compilation album by James Brown containing 20 of his most famous recordings. Released by Polydor in 1991 as a single-disc alternative to the \\\"Star Time\\\" box set, it features songs from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. 16 of the songs from the album had previously topped the US R&B charts. The album itself peaked at number 99 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart after its release. In 2003, it was ranked number 414 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Credits\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5954962\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vs the Greatest of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"not featured on this release but rather their second full length, Vee Vee. Vs the Greatest of All Time Archers of Loaf vs. The Greatest of All Time (often shortened to \\\"Greatest of all Time\\\" or simply GOAT) is the first EP by North Carolina indie rock band, Archers of Loaf. The EP was recorded shortly after their first album \\\"Icky Mettle\\\", and the styles are very similar. The cover art for the EP includes a photograph of former Toronto Maple Leafs star King Clancy. Robert Christgau gave the EP an A- grade, writing that the Archers of Loaf \\\"...sound\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12689054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tupac Shakur\",\n \"text\": \"poll in 2004 rated Shakur \\\"the greatest rapper of all time\\\" as voted by fans. Editors of About.com ranked him No. 5 on their list of the \\\"Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007)\\\". In 2012, \\\"The Source\\\" ranked him No. 5 on their list of the top 50 hip-hop lyricists of all time. In a 2005 \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine vote, Shakur was named No. 86 of the \\\"100 Immortal Artists of All Time\\\" behind Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, and John Lennon. MTV ranked him at No. 2 on their list of \\\"The Greatest MCs of All Time\\\". Shakur was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"423080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Greatest Bengali of all time\",\n \"text\": \"top 20 names from 26 March declaring one name each day starting from 20th position. On the final day of 14 April, which was also the Pahela Baishakh (Bengali New Year day), BBC announced Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh as the 'Greatest Bengali of all time' voted by Bengalis worldwide. Describing the process of voting, BBC's Bengali Service stated that to avoid any flaw or controversy, they followed the most modern method of opinion polling. Participants were asked to nominate their five choices of greatest Bengali on the order of preference instead of one. The top nominee\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20487078\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\",\n \"text\": \"of the song as a play-out at rallies to be \\\"odd,\\\" given that it is a \\\"sort of doomy ballad about drugs in Chelsea.\\\" The Rolling Stones Additional personnel You Can't Always Get What You Want \\\"You Can't Always Get What You Want\\\" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album \\\"Let It Bleed\\\". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine in its 2004 list of the \\\"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\". Jagger commented on the song's beginnings: \\\"You Can't Always\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5590348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Birth of Soul\",\n \"text\": \"54 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In a retrospective article for the magazine, Robert Christgau wrote that, despite \\\"caveats\\\" such as material repeated on more \\\"economic\\\" releases, \\\"The Birth of Soul\\\" is \\\"the rockingest Charles long-form you can buy\\\" and remarked on the legacy of its recordings: Christgau recommended Rhino Entertainment's 1994 compilation album \\\"The Best of Ray Charles: The Atlantic Years\\\" as a cheaper alternative to the box set. The Birth of Soul The Birth of Soul: The Complete Atlantic Rhythm and Blues Recordings is a 3-CD box set compilation by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10418831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Seo Taiji and Boys (album)\",\n \"text\": \"copies. The album has sold over 1.8 million copies. \\\"Kyunghyang Shinmun\\\" ranked the album number 24 on its 2007 list of the Top 100 Pop Albums. \\\"Spin\\\" named \\\"Nan Arayo\\\" number 4 on their 2012 list of the 21 Greatest K-Pop Songs of All Time. \\\"Mnet\\\" chose \\\"Nan Arayo\\\" as the number 1 song on their 2014 countdown \\\"Legend 100 Songs\\\", a list of the most influential songs in Korean pop music history. In 2015, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" named the same song number 36 on its list of the 50 Greatest Boy Band Songs of All Time. The album was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17774522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Queen (band)\",\n \"text\": \"recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran. In a project called \\\"Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs\\\", many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" ranked Queen at number 52 on its list of the \\\"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\\\", while ranking Mercury the 18th greatest singer, and May the twenty-sixth greatest guitarist. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" readers voted Mercury the second greatest frontman. Queen were named 13th on VH1's 100 Greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"522901\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alicia Keys\",\n \"text\": \"an avatar for millions of people, always remaining true to herself\\\" in 2017. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" named \\\"Songs in a Minor\\\" as one of the \\\"100 Greatest Albums\\\", and its single \\\"Fallin'\\\" in their \\\"100 greatest songs\\\" of the 2000s decade. VH1 have listed Keys in their \\\"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\\\", 14 on \\\"100 Greatest Women\\\", and 33 on \\\"50 Greatest Women of the Video Era\\\" lists. Considered a music icon, Keys was placed at number 27 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s \\\"35 Greatest R&B Artists of All Time\\\" list in 2015. The BET Honors honored Keys for her contributions to music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"705069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King of the Delta Blues Singers\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Mojo\\\" magazine ranked it number 6 on its list of 100 Records That Changed the World (2007). King of the Delta Blues Singers King of the Delta Blues Singers is a compilation album by American blues musician Robert Johnson, released in 1961 on Columbia Records. It is considered one of the greatest and most influential blues releases ever. In 2003, the album was ranked number 27 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album compiles sixteen mono recordings, thirteen of which were previously available as 78s on the Vocalion label, originally recorded during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5981505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"At Home with Their Greatest Hits\",\n \"text\": \"At Home with Their Greatest Hits At Home with Their Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by The Partridge Family released in September 1972, peaking at #21 on the US Billboard 200 album chart. It remained on the charts for 23 weeks. The album contains all previously-recorded hits and album tracks save for a cover of Neil Sedaka's \\\"Breaking Up Is Hard to Do\\\" which was released as a single, peaking at #28 on Billboard's Hot 100 and staying on the charts for 10 weeks. All tracks from the album were featured on the TV show (Seasons 1-3) The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1461874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\",\n \"text\": \"You Can't Always Get What You Want \\\"You Can't Always Get What You Want\\\" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album \\\"Let It Bleed\\\". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine in its 2004 list of the \\\"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\". Jagger commented on the song's beginnings: \\\"You Can't Always Get What You Want\\\" was the first song recorded for the album. It exists in two versions, a 5:00 single mix and a 7:28 album mix. \\\"You Can't Always\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5590340\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stone Gossard\",\n \"text\": \"2006 self-titled album, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" editor David Fricke mentioned that both Gossard and Pearl Jam lead guitarist Mike McCready were erroneously excluded from the publication's 2003 feature \\\"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\". In February 2007, Gossard and McCready were included together by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" in its list of \\\"The Top 20 New Guitar Gods\\\" under the title of \\\"four-armed monster.\\\" Stone Gossard Stone Carpenter Gossard (born July 20, 1966) is an American musician who serves as the rhythm and additional lead guitarist for the American rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3382918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Xfm Top 1000 Songs of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"being examples. Although the book mostly keeps to alternative rock acts of the present day, as well as classic bands such as The Beatles while the most recent singles in the book take up most of the list, many artists who appeared expressed their achievement as a highlight of their career, with a small number writing on the \\\"Xfm\\\" official site and also in the book itself. The Xfm Top 1000 Songs of All Time The Xfm Top 1000 Songs of All Time is a musical reference book edited by various DJ's, of the now defunct radio station \\\"Xfm\\\", which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16675196\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Greatest Love of All\",\n \"text\": \"3 on the \\\"Cash Box\\\" Top 100 R&B and number 4 on the \\\"Record World\\\" R&B Singles. In other charts, the single was between positions number 22 and number 29 in the U.S., number 27 in the UK, and number 25 and 42 in Canada. \\\"The Greatest Love of All\\\" is one of George Benson's most successful hits, and for this reason, two of his numerous collections were intutated as \\\"The Greatest Hits of All\\\", and \\\"\\\", both released in 2003. The original version of \\\"The Greatest Love of All\\\" recorded in 1977 by George Benson reached the following positions:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16557610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Axis: Bold as Love\",\n \"text\": \"the adequate production and guitar quality on the album, but cautioned listeners of Mitchell's drumming, the music's \\\"spaced-out lightness\\\", and the short tracks: \\\"half the songs are forgettable as songs if fine as recordings.\\\" In 2005, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" ranked \\\"Axis: Bold as Love\\\" number 82 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and the top spot on their list of the 40 greatest stoner albums in 2013. \\\"Guitarist\\\" magazine named the album number 7 on their list of \\\"the most influential guitar albums of all time\\\". In 2015, \\\"Consequence of Sound\\\" described the album as \\\"a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4110309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kirk Hammett\",\n \"text\": \"Kirk Hammett Kirk Lee Hammett (born November 18, 1962) is an American musician who has been lead guitarist and a contributing songwriter for the heavy metal band Metallica since 1983. Before joining Metallica he formed and named the band Exodus. In 2003, Hammett was ranked 11th on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2009, Hammett was ranked number 15 in Joel McIver's book \\\"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\\\". Hammett was born on November 18, 1962 in San Francisco, and raised in the town of El Sobrante, California. He is the son of Teofila \\\"Chefela\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"228298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"One Fine Day (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Fine Day\\\" was ranked #460 on \\\"Rolling Stone Magazine\\\"s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The Chiffons' placing two \\\"fine\\\" songs in the Top Ten motivated The Tokens to especially prep the group's next single \\\"A Love So Fine\\\" which only managed a #40 peak. \\\"Billboard\\\" named the song #27 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. The Chiffons' version has made numerous soundtrack appearances including: \\\"Fingers\\\" (1978), \\\"The Hollywood Knights\\\" (1980), \\\"The Flamingo Kid\\\" (1984), \\\"Desperately Seeking Susan\\\" (the track's classic piano riff opens the film) (1985), \\\"A Night in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9263283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade\",\n \"text\": \"Rolling Stone 100 Best Songs of the Decade \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s 100 Best Songs of the Decade was a feature in US music magazine \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", charting the 100 best songs from the 2000s (2000–2009) according to a panel of 100 music writers, critics, artists and industry insiders. The list was compiled and published in June 2009. Two years later, on 17 June 2011, the list was published online in full for the first time, with new write-ups. The list itself, however, remained the same. According to \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", the list \\\"reflects the eclectic spirit of the decade with tracks from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15803032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Hetfield\",\n \"text\": \"In 2009, Hetfield was ranked at no. 8 in Joel McIver's book \\\"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\\\", and ranked at no. 24 by \\\"Hit Parader\\\" on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time. In \\\"Guitar World's\\\" poll, Hetfield was placed as the 19th greatest guitarist of all time, as well as being placed second (along with Metallica lead guitarist Kirk Hammett) in \\\"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\\\" poll of the same magazine. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" placed Hetfield as the 87th greatest guitarist of all time. Hetfield was born on August 3, 1963 in Downey, California, the son\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1935967\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vs the Greatest of All Time\",\n \"text\": \"Vs the Greatest of All Time Archers of Loaf vs. The Greatest of All Time (often shortened to \\\"Greatest of all Time\\\" or simply GOAT) is the first EP by North Carolina indie rock band, Archers of Loaf. The EP was recorded shortly after their first album \\\"Icky Mettle\\\", and the styles are very similar. The cover art for the EP includes a photograph of former Toronto Maple Leafs star King Clancy. Robert Christgau gave the EP an A- grade, writing that the Archers of Loaf \\\"...sound like a live band ready to service a living audience, their gleeful anger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12689052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Up the Bracket\",\n \"text\": \"their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s, and it was placed 44 on a similar list by \\\"Uncut\\\". \\\"NME\\\" placed the album tenth in a list of the greatest British albums ever, as well as calling it the second greatest album of the decade. NME also placed the album number 70 on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" placed the album number 61 on its list of the 100 Greatest Debut Albums of All Time and number 94 on its list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 2000s. In April 2008,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4000350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Remember (Walking in the Sand)\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Cashbox\\\" R&B chart. It also hit number fourteen on the UK Singles Chart, and became more successful in the UK when reissued on several occasions in the 1970s. As noted above, Billy Joel, an unknown working as a session musician at the time, played piano on the original demo recording of the song and has playfully claimed that Morton failed to pay him his $67 union scale fee for the performance. The Shangri-Las' recording placed #395 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list in 2004. \\\"Billboard\\\" named the song #26 on their list of 100 Greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8541426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Steve Jones (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Jones (musician) Stephen Philip Jones (born 3 September 1955) is an English rock guitarist, singer and actor, best known as a guitarist with the Sex Pistols. Following the split of the Sex Pistols, he formed The Professionals with former bandmate Paul Cook. He has also released two solo albums, and worked with the likes of Johnny Thunders, Iggy Pop, Bob Dylan and Thin Lizzy. In 1995, he formed the short lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders with members of Guns N' Roses and Duran Duran. Jones was ranked in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s list of the \\\"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\". Jones\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2240100\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Greatest Bengali of all time\",\n \"text\": \"Greatest Bengali of all time Soon after the completion of \\\"100 Greatest Britons\\\" poll in 2002, BBC organized a similar opinion poll to find out who is the greatest Bengali personality in Bengali nation's history of thousand years. In 2004, BBC's Bengali Service conducted the opinion poll with the title 'Greatest Bengali of all time' started from February 11 continued onto March 22. The poll was participated by Bengalis around the world including from Bangladesh, India (states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam) and overseas Bengali communities. Total 140 nominations had been produced from the poll. BBC started to announce the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20487077\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Number of the Beast (album)\",\n \"text\": \"than a collection of minor-key riffs, Iron Maiden pull this feat off with considerable élan.\\\" \\\"Q\\\" magazine placed the album at No. 100 in its list of the \\\"100 Greatest British Albums Ever\\\" in 2000; in 2001 named it one of the \\\"50 Heaviest Albums of All Time\\\"; and in 2006 placed it at No. 40 in its \\\"40 Best Albums of the '80s\\\" list. IGN and Metal Rules placed it third and second, respectively, in their lists of the Top Heavy Metal Albums, and \\\"Guitar World\\\" ranked it at No. 17 on their list of \\\"100 Greatest Guitar Albums\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest Britons\",\n \"text\": \"100 Greatest Britons The 100 Greatest Britons was a television series broadcast by the BBC in 2002. It was based on a television poll conducted to determine who the British people at that time considered the greatest Britons in history. The series included individual programmes featuring the top ten, with viewers having further opportunity to vote after each programme. It concluded with a debate and final determination of the ranking of the top ten. Although many living people were included among the top 100, all of the top ten were deceased. The poll resulted in nominees including Guy Fawkes, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1627032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time, 1998\",\n \"text\": \"Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time, 1998 The Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time was a music poll conducted in August 1998 amongst listeners of Australian youth radio network Triple J. Nirvana's \\\"Smells Like Teen Spirit\\\" collected the highest number of votes to claim the top position. Voters could submit a list of up to ten different songs as well as nominating one of these as their \\\"all-time\\\" favourite song. It was the fourth such poll organised by Triple J, following similar polls in 1989, 1990 and 1991. Initially, all songs were eligible for the annual Triple J\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13576554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guitarist\",\n \"text\": \"may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre (a finger lying across many or all strings at a particular fret), and 'bottleneck' or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance. Several magazines and websites have compiled what they intend as lists of the greatest guitarists—for example \\\"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\" by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine, or \\\"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\\\" by \\\"Guitar World\\\" magazine. There are many classical guitarists listed as \\\"notable\\\" in their respective epochs. In recent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"162199\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["hendrix","lithofayne pridgeon","jimi hendrix","early life of jimi hendrix","villanova junction","james marshall hendrix","jimmi hendrix","jimy hendrix","johnny allen hendrix","jimmy hendrix","jimmy hendricks","gypsy sun and rainbows","jimmy hendrix","electric church","janie hendrix","early life of jimi hendrix","heaven research","jim hendrix","al hendrix","gypsy suns and rainbows","james hendrix","jimi hendrix"],"string":"[\n \"hendrix\",\n \"lithofayne pridgeon\",\n \"jimi hendrix\",\n \"early life of jimi hendrix\",\n \"villanova junction\",\n \"james marshall hendrix\",\n \"jimmi hendrix\",\n \"jimy hendrix\",\n \"johnny allen hendrix\",\n \"jimmy hendrix\",\n \"jimmy hendricks\",\n \"gypsy sun and rainbows\",\n \"jimmy hendrix\",\n \"electric church\",\n \"janie hendrix\",\n \"early life of jimi hendrix\",\n \"heaven research\",\n \"jim hendrix\",\n \"al hendrix\",\n \"gypsy suns and rainbows\",\n \"james hendrix\",\n \"jimi hendrix\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78585,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the name of the pawn shop featured in the hit history channel show pawn stars?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Cajun Pawn Stars","text":"a trivia question is asked in relation to the shop or item, as with \"Pawn Stars\". While the show is named \"\"Cajun\" Pawn Stars\", Alexandria, where the pawn shop is located, is the parish seat of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, which is not considered part of Acadiana, the hub of Cajun culture. Cajun Pawn Stars Cajun Pawn Stars is an American reality television series on the History channel that debuted January 8, 2012, at 10 pm ET. The show was the second spin-off of \"Pawn Stars\", but unlike fellow spin-offs \"American Restoration\" and \"Counting Cars\", it is entirely unrelated to the","psg_id":"16173271"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Cajun Pawn Stars\",\n \"text\": \"a trivia question is asked in relation to the shop or item, as with \\\"Pawn Stars\\\". While the show is named \\\"\\\"Cajun\\\" Pawn Stars\\\", Alexandria, where the pawn shop is located, is the parish seat of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, which is not considered part of Acadiana, the hub of Cajun culture. Cajun Pawn Stars Cajun Pawn Stars is an American reality television series on the History channel that debuted January 8, 2012, at 10 pm ET. The show was the second spin-off of \\\"Pawn Stars\\\", but unlike fellow spin-offs \\\"American Restoration\\\" and \\\"Counting Cars\\\", it is entirely unrelated to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16173271\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Rose's Pawn Shop","text":"and The Duhks, and many others. In 2006 Rose's Pawn Shop was awarded the 2006 Best Band in the West title in the Billboard Magazine/Disc Makers Independent Music World Series. They were also selected as Amoeba Records homegrown artist of the month for June 2006. Following these awards Rose's Pawn Shop embarked on a three-month cross-country tour. Rolling Stone premiered “What Were You Waiting For” music video in Sept 2014: https://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/roses-pawn-shop-what-were-you-waiting-for-video-20140918 American Songwriter premiered “What Were You Waiting For” in July 2014: http://www.americansongwriter.com/2014/07/song-premiere-roses-pawn-shop-waiting/ Rose's Pawn Shop Rose's Pawn Shop is an Americana, rock, folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles,","psg_id":"9001797"},{"title":"Pawn Shop Chronicles","text":"Pawn Shop Chronicles Pawn Shop Chronicles, also known as Hustlers, is a 2013 crime comedy film directed by Wayne Kramer and written by Adam Minarovich. The film stars an ensemble cast, led by Paul Walker, Matt Dillon, Brendan Fraser, Vincent D'Onofrio, Norman Reedus, and Chi McBride. Centering on the events in and around a pawn shop, \"Pawn Shop Chronicles\" tells three overlapping stories involving items found within said pawn shop. This was the final film featuring Walker to be released in his lifetime, as he died four months after its release. The film received a limited theatrical release in July","psg_id":"17299628"},{"title":"Arrowhead Pawn Shop","text":"good customer service and good vibes\". Arrowhead Pawn Shop Arrowhead Pawn Shop is a pawn shop and part of the Iron Pipeline. It was founded in 1991 and is located in Jonesboro, Georgia. The store was described as the most significant source outside of New York State of guns recovered by the New York Police Department in 2009. After a gun from the shop was used in the murders of two New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers, the \"New York Times\" reported that Arrowhead ranked fifth on the U.S.-wide list of legal sources of guns used in crimes. The","psg_id":"18764014"},{"title":"Arrowhead Pawn Shop","text":"Arrowhead Pawn Shop Arrowhead Pawn Shop is a pawn shop and part of the Iron Pipeline. It was founded in 1991 and is located in Jonesboro, Georgia. The store was described as the most significant source outside of New York State of guns recovered by the New York Police Department in 2009. After a gun from the shop was used in the murders of two New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers, the \"New York Times\" reported that Arrowhead ranked fifth on the U.S.-wide list of legal sources of guns used in crimes. The newspaper quoted an anonymous federal official","psg_id":"18764012"},{"title":"Pawn Shop Chronicles","text":"Chronicles,\" a hillbilly grindhouse yawp of a movie that belches in your face and leaves a sour stink.\" The film was reviewed favorably by JoBlo.com. For the site, reviewer JimmyO wrote, \"\"Pawn Shop Chronicles\" is a wildly bizarre and politically incorrect mix of b-movie genres wrapped into one. Kramer – with the script by Minarovich – amps up the action and violence without pushing it too far – well at least for my personally warped taste.\" Pawn Shop Chronicles Pawn Shop Chronicles, also known as Hustlers, is a 2013 crime comedy film directed by Wayne Kramer and written by Adam","psg_id":"17299630"},{"title":"Rose's Pawn Shop","text":"Rose's Pawn Shop Rose's Pawn Shop is an Americana, rock, folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles, California. Their debut album The Arsonist was released in May 2006. The band tours several times each year throughout the United States but has recently put a hold on touring to record a new album coming 2013. On their new album \"Gravity Well\", the fiercely independent young quintet known as Rose's Pawn Shop deliver a rousing, honest set that demonstrates exactly why this multi-talented, multi-instrumental L.A.-based fivesome has quickly risen from humble D.I.Y. origins to national notoriety, winning a fiercely loyal fan base","psg_id":"9001787"},{"title":"Hardcore Pawn","text":"has since left the show and became host of another television series for the National Geographic Channel, \"Meltdown\", a series focusing on the recycling of precious metals. That series debuted on National Geographic on October 31, 2013. Hardcore Pawn Hardcore Pawn is an American reality television series produced by RDF USA (later Zodiak USA) and Richard Dominick Productions for truTV about the day-to-day operations of American Jewelry and Loan, a family-owned and operated pawn shop and broker in Detroit, Michigan's 8 Mile Road corridor. The series premiered on August 16, 2010, delivering two million viewers, setting a record as truTV's","psg_id":"14832081"},{"title":"Pawn Shop (album)","text":"Albums album, and No. 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 21,000 copies in its first week. It sold a further 6,100 copies in its second week. The album was certified Gold on November 16, 2017. It has sold 218,600 copies in the US as of September 2018. From \"Pawn Shop\" liner notes. Pawn Shop (album) Both members of the duo (John and T.J. Osborne) co-wrote nearly every song on the album, except \"Heart Shaped Locket\", on which only TJ was a co-writer. Jay Joyce produced the album except for \"Rum\" and \"Heart Shaped Locket\", which the duo produced with Brad","psg_id":"14081239"},{"title":"Hardcore Pawn: Chicago","text":"Hardcore Pawn: Chicago Hardcore Pawn: Chicago was an American reality television series on truTV. A spin-off of \"Hardcore Pawn\", the series follows the day-to-day operations of the Royal Pawn Shop located in Chicago, Illinois, at 428 S. Clark Street across from the Metropolitan Correctional Center near Chicago's Financial District. On August 15, 2012, truTV ordered 18 half-hour episodes for the first season which first premiered on January 1, 2013. In January 2014, truTV announced that the show had been canceled. In 2014, the location was used on the television show, \"Chicago PD\", with actor \"Elias Koteas\" entering the shop to","psg_id":"16840364"},{"title":"When the Pawn...","text":"Nielsen SoundScan. When the Pawn... When the Pawn... is the shortened title of the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Fiona Apple. Its entire title is When the Pawn Hits the Conflicts He Thinks Like a King What He Knows Throws the Blows When He Goes to the Fight and He'll Win the Whole Thing 'fore He Enters the Ring There's No Body to Batter When Your Mind Is Your Might so When You Go Solo, You Hold Your Own Hand and Remember That Depth Is the Greatest of Heights and If You Know Where You Stand, Then You Know","psg_id":"13746057"},{"title":"When the Pawn...","text":"When the Pawn... When the Pawn... is the shortened title of the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Fiona Apple. Its entire title is When the Pawn Hits the Conflicts He Thinks Like a King What He Knows Throws the Blows When He Goes to the Fight and He'll Win the Whole Thing 'fore He Enters the Ring There's No Body to Batter When Your Mind Is Your Might so When You Go Solo, You Hold Your Own Hand and Remember That Depth Is the Greatest of Heights and If You Know Where You Stand, Then You Know Where to","psg_id":"13746051"},{"title":"Pawn Queens","text":"worthy of their own show,\" and called the series \"not-so-dramatic\" and \"G-rated pawning, which makes you hungry for Vegas.\" The premiere episode which aired in November 18, 2010 achieved 1.2 million viewers, prompting the TLC network to give the show its own series, which first aired May 5, 2011. The show had more than one million viewers each week. Pawn Queens Pawn Queens is a reality TV series about female pawn shop operators, airing on TLC, which premiered in 2010, following its pilot episode in 2010. Located in the Chicago suburb of Naperville, Illinois, businesswomen Minda Grabiec and Nikki Ruehl","psg_id":"15684225"},{"title":"Pawn Queens","text":"Pawn Queens Pawn Queens is a reality TV series about female pawn shop operators, airing on TLC, which premiered in 2010, following its pilot episode in 2010. Located in the Chicago suburb of Naperville, Illinois, businesswomen Minda Grabiec and Nikki Ruehl run a pawn shop that caters to women. The family-friendly boutique specializes in merchandise appealing to women, including jewelry, vintage Barbie dolls, and one-of-a-kind antiques. With their two business partners, Greg Holloway and Tom Brunzelle, they pawn, purchase, and sell just about anything to keep their fledgling company afloat. Each episode focuses on how pawn businesses operate, and features","psg_id":"15684222"},{"title":"Pawn Stars","text":"Long, reviewing the first season DVD for DVD Town, praised the series for its cast and the educational value of the items examined, calling it \"addictive\" and \"a big-time winner\", and opined that it is the best show on History and perhaps cable. In one issue of \"TV Guide\", writer Rob Moynihan included the show in a list of \"guilty pleasures.\" April McIntyre of Monsters and Critics, whose negative view of pawn shops influenced her view of the series' setting, reviewed one episode of the series, which she labeled a \"cool \"Antiques Roadshow\"\". Though she found aspects of it interesting,","psg_id":"13647531"},{"title":"Rose's Pawn Shop","text":"learned to pick our moments to shine and deliver the songs in the most clear, concise and passionate way possible.\" Formed in August 2005, Rose's Pawn Shop is a five-piece band consisting of: Former Members: They have also recorded and performed with: \"Soda\"- banjo, guitars and vocals, Jimmy Stelling of The Hackensaw Boys, Wayne Hancock, Junior Brown, Flogging Molly, Th' Legendary Shack Shakers, The Scotch Greens, Jack White and The Raconteurs, Grace Potter & The Nocturnals, Ghostland Observatory, Blues Traveler, DeVotchka, Old Crow Medicine Show, Levon Helm, Blue Rodeo, Conor Oberst and the Mystic River Band, Railroad Earth, The Sadies,","psg_id":"9001796"},{"title":"The Poisoned Pawn","text":"of his prior cases. The projected release date is late 2018. The Poisoned Pawn refers to the original title that was given to Overseer, before a name change was decided internally prior to its 1998 release. The development team for The Poisoned Pawn (under the name \"Chaotic Fusion\") is made up of only 4 individuals. The game is being developed in the Unity engine, and features significantly updated graphics compared to its predecessor . In addition to updates to the real-time 3D engine, the developers have announced the game will feature 4K resolution Full Motion Video sequences, and full Oculus","psg_id":"20637364"},{"title":"Pawn Queens","text":"store dealt in high-end items. An assistant had coincidentally found the shop while researching unusual pawn shops. This led to the shooting of the pilot episode, through August 2010. \"Media Life Magazine\" described the interaction among the partners in the 2010 pilot episode as \"pleasant enough,\" but referred to the show as having \"no pay off\", since no merchandise is seen being pawned, only purchased by the shop, and no ultimate sales of merchandise is seen. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" gave a mixed-to-negative review of the 2011 series premiere, stating, \"\"Pawn Queens\" makes you wonder whether some professions are simply not","psg_id":"15684224"},{"title":"Pawn Stars","text":"in the fourth season episode \"Over the Top\" that he was building a gym above the Pawn Shop for the staff's use. The shop also now sells its own brand merchandise, whose designs originate from fans entering design competitions on Facebook, which saves the Harrisons the cost of hiring professional designers. The staff's presence on Facebook and Twitter also ensures audiences during local nightclub appearances, for which Corey Harrison and Chumlee Russell are paid $1,000 a night. As a result of filming at the shop, however, the four main cast members no longer work the counter, due to laws that","psg_id":"13647527"},{"title":"Rose's Pawn Shop","text":"in the process. The 12 new tunes that comprise Gravity Well—produced by Ted Hutt, renowned for his work with the likes of the Dropkick Murphys, Gaslight Anthem and the Old Crow Medicine Show—make it clear why Rose's Pawn Shop has earned such a fervent following. The band's catchy, anthemic songcraft channels the raw emotional power of America's folk, country and bluegrass traditions and puts them through a modern filter, creating timelessly resonant music. Frontman Paul Givant's heartfelt, engaging songwriting surveys such time-honored subjects as heartache, loss, regret and redemption, echoing centuries of musical tradition while still sounding wholly contemporary. Despite","psg_id":"9001788"},{"title":"Hardcore Pawn: Chicago","text":"ask a pawnbroker about a case. A total of 18 episodes have been broadcast. Hardcore Pawn: Chicago Hardcore Pawn: Chicago was an American reality television series on truTV. A spin-off of \"Hardcore Pawn\", the series follows the day-to-day operations of the Royal Pawn Shop located in Chicago, Illinois, at 428 S. Clark Street across from the Metropolitan Correctional Center near Chicago's Financial District. On August 15, 2012, truTV ordered 18 half-hour episodes for the first season which first premiered on January 1, 2013. In January 2014, truTV announced that the show had been canceled. In 2014, the location was used","psg_id":"16840365"},{"title":"Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23","text":"Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23 Side Pawn Capture Pawn*23 (横歩取り☖2三歩 \"yokofudori ni-san fu\") or Side Pawn Capture B*25 (横歩取り☖2五角 \"yokofudori ni-go kaku\") is variation stemming from the Side Pawn Capture opening, in which White drops a pawn on the second file before trading off pawns on the eighth file leading Black to capture White's Side Pawn. After this, White initiates a rapid attack against Black's rook starting from a bishop drop on the second file. This is an older variation of the Side Pawn opening that has become disfavored since White's rapid attack is considered ineffective. 6...P*23. White drops their pawn","psg_id":"20527686"},{"title":"Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23","text":"in hand on the 23 square attacking Black's rook – a striking pawn tactic. 7. Rx34. Fleeing from attack, Black can now take White's side pawn. White's primary response to Black's capturing of the side pawn has been to immediately trade bishops and attack Black's vulnerable rook. Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23 Side Pawn Capture Pawn*23 (横歩取り☖2三歩 \"yokofudori ni-san fu\") or Side Pawn Capture B*25 (横歩取り☖2五角 \"yokofudori ni-go kaku\") is variation stemming from the Side Pawn Capture opening, in which White drops a pawn on the second file before trading off pawns on the eighth file leading Black to capture White's","psg_id":"20527687"},{"title":"Arrowhead Pawn Shop","text":"as stating that \"[Arrowhead] were like a Crazy Eddie of gun dealers. They had a lot of volume and they did a lot of business.\" The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence describes Arrowhead as a \"notorious 'bad apple' gun dealer\", having sold over 1720 guns that were subsequently used in crimes. Arrowhead Pawn Shop was rebuilt in 2007 following a fire; retail space quadrupled from 2,000 square feet to 8,000 square feet in the new premises. As of 2014, the store's chief executive is Arthur Banks. The shop describes itself as \"a family owned business dedicated to good prices,","psg_id":"18764013"},{"title":"The Pawn","text":"The Pawn The Pawn is a text-based interactive fiction game by Magnetic Scrolls, first published for the Sinclair QL by Sinclair Research in . It was then released for other platforms in by Rainbird. It is remembered for its excellent graphics (on some versions) and the opening music available in some game versions. Also the game itself—story and parser—got mostly positive reviews. The story takes place in the fairy land of Kerovnia, from which the player must escape. The game is written in 68000 assembler. Later versions use a cut-down 68000 virtual machine even on less powerful machines like the","psg_id":"4968606"},{"title":"The Pawn","text":"The Pawn The Pawn is a text-based interactive fiction game by Magnetic Scrolls, first published for the Sinclair QL by Sinclair Research in . It was then released for other platforms in by Rainbird. It is remembered for its excellent graphics (on some versions) and the opening music available in some game versions. Also the game itself—story and parser—got mostly positive reviews. The story takes place in the fairy land of Kerovnia, from which the player must escape. The game is written in 68000 assembler. Later versions use a cut-down 68000 virtual machine even on less powerful machines like the","psg_id":"4968602"},{"title":"Pawn Stars","text":"ET. The program also received a new opening and theme song, \"Winning isn't Everything\", performed by Lynyrd Skynyrd. The opening was replaced again with different theme music from an uncredited artist on June 12, 2014. Professional specialists are sometimes called in by the pawn shop to determine the authenticity and value of the items brought in and, in some cases, to restore them. The following is a list of recurring experts who have appeared in two or more episodes. Cameo appearances have been made by Phil Collen, Joe Elliott, Bob Dylan, Jeremy McKinnon, Meredith Vieira, the Oak Ridge Boys, George","psg_id":"13647529"},{"title":"Isolated pawn","text":"is immune to attack by a pawn (often providing an excellent outpost for a knight), and the enemy piece located in this square cannot be attacked by rooks because the isolated pawn blocks the file it is on. Thus an isolated pawn provides a typical example of what Wilhelm Steinitz called \"weak squares\". An isolated queen pawn (IQP), called an \"isolani\", is often a special case. An isolated queen pawn is one on the queen's (d-file). The weakness of such a pawn's isolation arises from two factors associated with the absence of both neighboring pawns: The presence of open or","psg_id":"4789599"},{"title":"Pawn Sacrifice","text":"after Fischer failed to show up for the second game. Pawn Sacrifice Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film. It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland. It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy. It was released in the United States on September","psg_id":"17319428"},{"title":"The Pawn","text":"Z80-based Sinclair Spectrum. The Amiga version uses digitized instrument samples in its title music early in that computer's lifecycle. The peaceful title music was composed by John Molloy and it features guitar and flute sounds . \"The Pawn\" was Firebird's second best-selling Commodore game as of late 1987. The game won the award for best adventure game of the year in Crash magazine. It was also voted Best Adventure Game of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards. \"Compute!\" described \"The Pawn\" as \"parod[ying] the entire genre of interactive fiction, showing us that much of it—even the serious stuff—has its","psg_id":"4968603"},{"title":"Hardcore Pawn","text":"Hardcore Pawn Hardcore Pawn is an American reality television series produced by RDF USA (later Zodiak USA) and Richard Dominick Productions for truTV about the day-to-day operations of American Jewelry and Loan, a family-owned and operated pawn shop and broker in Detroit, Michigan's 8 Mile Road corridor. The series premiered on August 16, 2010, delivering two million viewers, setting a record as truTV's most-watched series premiere ever. Production was halted in 2014. American Jewelry and Loan is owned by Les Gold, a third generation pawnbroker and businessman, and the grandson of a pawnbroker who once owned Sam's Loans, a now-defunct","psg_id":"14832073"},{"title":"The Pawn","text":"shortcomings\", giving as example a character campaigning to eliminate mazes in text adventures. It stated that some of the Atari ST version's graphics were \"superb\" but wished that the pictures contributed to solving the game instead of being optional. The magazine concluded that \"Firebird has given us a good adventure, one that bodes well for the company and for all of us adventurers\". \"Computer Gaming World\" stated that \"The Pawn\" \"shows how well something can be done for the Amiga when one KNOWS the machine\". \"Info\" gave the Amiga version four-plus stars out of five, praising the \"excellent graphics\" and","psg_id":"4968604"},{"title":"Pawn Stars","text":"the staff's interactions with customers, who bring in a variety of artifacts to sell or pawn, and who are shown haggling over the price and discussing its historical background, with narration provided by either the Harrisons or Chumlee. The series also follows the interpersonal conflicts among the cast. One reviewer referencing these conflicts described the show as a version of \"Antiques Roadshow\" \"hijacked by \"American Chopper\"s Teutul family\". \"TV Guide\" has offered a similar description, calling the show \"one part \"Antiques Roadshow\", a pinch of \"LA Ink\" and a dash of \"COPS\"\". Numerous local experts in a variety of fields","psg_id":"13647518"},{"title":"Hardcore Pawn","text":"sale, and usually some argument between Ashley and Seth. During season 9 truTV decided not to order more episodes because of the network's new direction. truTV was concentrating on comedy programming and it was decided that \"Hardcore Pawn\" did not relate properly to other programs in the network's schedule. No other television networks showed interest in the series, and production was halted in 2014. Repeats of \"Hardcore Pawn\" are also seen on occasion on TNT. \"Hardcore Pawn\" has generated two spinoffs: In addition, Rich Pyle, one of the American Jewelry clerks who was featured in many episodes of \"Hardcore Pawn\",","psg_id":"14832080"},{"title":"Pawn Shop Chronicles","text":"2013. The movie was filmed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in June 2012. The film's carnival scene was filmed at William and Lee Park in Port Allen, Louisiana. The film received negative reviews from critics. Based on 16 reviews, it currently holds a 13% approval rating on film review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes. The film also holds a rating of 26/100 on Metacritic based on 10 reviews indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Writing for \"The New York Times\", film critic Stephen Holden said of the film, \"\"Hee Haw\" meets \"Pulp Fiction\" at the meth lab: That describes the style of \"Pawn Shop","psg_id":"17299629"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"a cowrie shell or a coin of little value. In Turkish pawn is called \"piyon\", borrowed from the French word in the 19th century. \"Pawn\" is often taken to mean \"one who is easily manipulated\" or \"one who is sacrificed for a larger purpose\". Because the pawn is the weakest piece, it is often used metaphorically to indicate unimportance or outright disposability; for example, \"She's only a pawn in their game.\" Unicode defines two codepoints for pawn: ♙ U+2659 White Chess Pawn (HTML ♙) ♟ U+265F Black Chess Pawn (HTML ♟) Bibliography Pawn (chess) The pawn (♙,♟) is the most","psg_id":"580221"},{"title":"Rose's Pawn Shop","text":"while receiving extensive national and international airplay on college, AAA, country and alternative radio formats. Meanwhile, the band's diligent roadwork—which has taken them across North America several times, along with visits to the U.K. and Ireland—has allowed Rose's Pawn Shop to continue winning fans and friends across the nation and around the world. \"Our travels have had a big influence on our evolution,\" Givant states. \"Meeting other bands and meeting people from all over the world at our shows has had a big influence on our songwriting, and opened us up to new musical traditions. Seeing the world in general","psg_id":"9001794"},{"title":"Pawn Stars","text":"store, which has 12,000 items in its inventory as of July 2011 (5,000 of which are typically held on pawn). Each episode consists of segments devoted to approximately five or six of these items, in which one of the staff members, usually Rick Harrison, his son Corey, or Harrison's father Richard (known as the \"Old Man\"), explains the history behind the object. When the buyer is unable to evaluate an object, they consult with a knowledgeable expert who can evaluate it to determine its authenticity and potential value, and in the case of items needing repair, the cost of restoration","psg_id":"13647523"},{"title":"Pawn Shop (album)","text":"Pawn Shop (album) Both members of the duo (John and T.J. Osborne) co-wrote nearly every song on the album, except \"Heart Shaped Locket\", on which only TJ was a co-writer. Jay Joyce produced the album except for \"Rum\" and \"Heart Shaped Locket\", which the duo produced with Brad Hill. Both \"Rum\" and \"Stay a Little Longer\" previously appeared on their self-titled EP, although the latter was re-recorded. \"Rum\" was originally issued as a single off the EP in 2014, followed by the re-recording of \"Stay a Little Longer\". \"21 Summer\" and \"It Ain't My Fault\" were the third and fourth","psg_id":"14081236"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"\"en passant\" capture. It can occur after a pawn advances two squares using its initial two-step move option, and the square passed over is attacked by an enemy pawn. The enemy pawn is entitled to capture the moved pawn \"in passing\" – as if it had advanced only one square. The capturing pawn moves to the square over which the moved pawn passed (see diagram), and the moved pawn is removed from the board. The option to capture \"en passant\" must be exercised on the move immediately following the double-step pawn advance, or it is lost for the remainder of","psg_id":"580207"},{"title":"When the Pawn...","text":"lose.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\"s David Browne awarded the album an A grade, praising Jon Brion's production as well as Apple's songwriting: \"Apple hasn’t gained much in psychic confidence following the success of \"Tidal\". On \"When the Pawn...\", Apple presents herself as a mental shambles, and she’s more than happy to tell us about it.\" \"Pitchfork\" rated the album eight out of ten stars, with reviewer Chip Chanko praising Apple's lyrics, writing: \"[Apple] seems older. Her voice is full of a heartfelt soul that seems almost timeless. While Billie Holiday would never have considered the possibility of lines like, 'It won't be","psg_id":"13746055"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"the endgame. In the middlegame, however, Black has slightly more freedom of movement than White, and may be able to trade off the isolated pawn before an endgame ensues. A pawn which cannot be blocked or captured by enemy pawns in its advance to promotion is a \"passed pawn\". In the diagram, White has a \"protected\" passed pawn on c5 and Black has an \"outside\" passed pawn on h5. Because endgames are often won by the player who can promote a pawn first, having a passed pawn in an endgame can be decisive – especially a protected passed pawn (a","psg_id":"580214"},{"title":"Backward pawn","text":"Backward pawn In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind all pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced. In the diagram, the black pawn on the c6-square is backward. Backward pawns are usually a positional disadvantage since they are difficult to defend. Also, the opponent can place a piece, usually a knight, on the hole in front of the pawn without any risk of a pawn driving it away. The backward pawn also prevents its owner's rooks and queen on the same file from attacking the piece placed on the","psg_id":"4789625"},{"title":"Backward pawn","text":"on. Bibliography Backward pawn In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind all pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced. In the diagram, the black pawn on the c6-square is backward. Backward pawns are usually a positional disadvantage since they are difficult to defend. Also, the opponent can place a piece, usually a knight, on the hole in front of the pawn without any risk of a pawn driving it away. The backward pawn also prevents its owner's rooks and queen on the same file from attacking the piece placed","psg_id":"4789628"},{"title":"Passed pawn","text":"Passed pawn In chess, a passed pawn is a pawn with no opposing pawns to prevent it from advancing to the eighth ; i.e. there are no opposing pawns in front of it on either the same or adjacent files. A passed pawn is sometimes colloquially called a \"passer\". Passed pawns can be an advantage because only the opponent's pieces can stop them from promoting. In the diagram, the white pawns on b5, c4, and e5 are passed pawns, and Black's pawn on d4 is a passed pawn. If Black plays ...fxg4, then the black pawn on g4 will be","psg_id":"4775587"},{"title":"The Poisoned Pawn","text":"The Poisoned Pawn The Poisoned Pawn will be the seventh game in the \"Tex Murphy\" series of detective adventure games, developed by Chaotic Fusion. In the same style as the rest of the titles in the series, it will tell much of its story through live-action full-motion video sequences, coupled with fully explorable 3D first-person environments during gameplay. \"The Poisoned Pawn's\" gameplay will be very similar to that of \"\", where the player will assume the role of \"Tex Murphy\", exploring rich 3D environments from a first-person perspective, hunting for clues and solving various environmental puzzles. In addition to the","psg_id":"20637360"},{"title":"Pawn structure","text":"along the long diagonal, and usually prepares the f2-f4-f5 break. Openings: Primary: Closed Sicilian, Closed English (colors reversed). Character: Closed, complicated position. Themes for White: kingside pawn storm, c2-c3 and d3-d4 break. Themes for Black: queenside pawn storm, a1-h8 diagonal Pawn structure In chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawns on the chessboard. Since pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus largely determines the strategic nature of the position. Weaknesses in the pawn structure, such as isolated, doubled or backward pawns and","psg_id":"6782465"},{"title":"The Poisoned Pawn","text":"Rift support. While no official announcements about other VR platforms have been made yet (like the HTC Vive), the developers are confident that it could make it to those platforms provided there sufficient time and access to those development kits. While there have been no hard dates set, the development team estimates late 2018 for the release of the title. While the title will be released for the desktop platform, \"The Poisoned Pawn\" will mark the first solid attempt to bring Tex Murphy to the latest generation consoles (Xbox One, PlayStation 4, etc.), and Virtual Reality. The Poisoned Pawn The","psg_id":"20637365"},{"title":"Isolated pawn","text":"Isolated pawn In chess, an isolated pawn is a pawn that has no friendly pawn on an adjacent . Isolated pawns are usually a weakness because they cannot be protected by other pawns. The square in front of the pawn may become a good outpost or otherwise a good square for the opponent to anchor pieces. Isolated pawns most often become weaker in the endgame, as there are fewer pieces available to protect the pawn. Isolated pawns can, however, provide improved development and associated opportunities for that offset or even outweigh their weaknesses. The files adjacent to the isolated pawn","psg_id":"4789595"},{"title":"Game of Pawns (game show)","text":"produced many hit reality television shows, such as: Cake Boss, Fixer Upper, Tough Love and others. Jim Berger and Scott Feely were the executive producers for the series. Game of Pawns (game show) Game of Pawns is a television game show based in Branson, Missouri, about the goings on in a local pawn shop. The show stars; Justin Tranchita , Scott Velvet and Brian Roman. The plot of the show is a mix of a game show and reality television series as Scott and Brian buy unusual items at Branson Pawn using a trivia game to give patrons the chance","psg_id":"19183236"},{"title":"Pawn structure","text":"Pawn structure In chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawns on the chessboard. Since pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus largely determines the strategic nature of the position. Weaknesses in the pawn structure, such as isolated, doubled or backward pawns and , once created, are usually permanent. Care must therefore be taken to avoid them (but there are exceptions — for instance see \"Boleslavsky hole\" below). In the absence of these structural weaknesses, it is not possible to classify a pawn","psg_id":"6782443"},{"title":"Pawn storm","text":"Pawn storm A pawn storm is a chess strategy in which several pawns are moved in rapid succession toward the opponent's defenses. A pawn storm usually involves adjacent pawns on one side of the board, the (a-, b-, and c-) or the (f-, g-, and h-files). A pawn storm will often be directed toward the opponent's king after it has castled toward one side (e.g. Fischer–Larsen, 1958). Successive advances of the pawns on that side might rapidly cramp and overwhelm the opponent's position. A pawn storm might also be directed at queening a passed pawn; the diagram is taken from","psg_id":"9011956"},{"title":"Pawn, Oregon","text":"the post office name. One of them, Monroe Poole, was the first postmaster. Mail reached Pawn by horse or wagon, sometimes transferred from a boat further downstream. Before roads connected Pawn to Florence, the community had its own school for children in grades 1 through 8. Older children boarded in Florence, where they went to high school. A 21st-century forest trail in the same general vicinity is named after the community. Pawn Trail, managed by the United States Forest Service, forms a loop through an old-growth forest. The trail, open all year, is about from Florence, mostly via forest roads.","psg_id":"19177714"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"immediate ...c5 and perhaps a later ...f6. Pawns on adjacent files can support each other in attack and defense. A pawn which has no friendly pawns in adjacent files is an \"isolated pawn\". The square in front of an isolated pawn may become an enduring weakness. Any piece placed directly in front not only blocks the advance of that pawn, but cannot be driven away by other pawns. In the diagram, Black has an isolated pawn on d5. If all the pieces except the kings and pawns were removed, the weakness of that pawn might prove fatal to Black in","psg_id":"580213"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"time a pawn moves, it has the option of advancing two squares. Pawns may not use the initial two-square advance to jump over an occupied square, or to capture. Any piece immediately in front of a pawn, friend or foe, blocks its advance. In the diagram, the pawn on c4 can move to c5, while the pawn on e2 can move to either e3 or e4. Unlike other pieces, the pawn does not capture in the same direction as it moves. A pawn captures diagonally forward one square to the left or right (see diagram). Another unusual rule is the","psg_id":"580206"},{"title":"Isolated pawn","text":"are either open or half-open, providing two lanes of attack for the rooks and the queen. The absence of pawns adjacent to the isolated pawn may also mobilize the player's knights and bishops. An isolated pawn on the d-file is called an isolated queen pawn or simply an isolani. In addition to the open or half-open c- and e-files, the isolated queen pawn can provide a good outpost on the c- and e-file squares diagonally forward of the pawn, which are especially favorable for the player's knights. The isolated queen pawn position favors a attack, freeing both the light and","psg_id":"4789596"},{"title":"Backward pawn","text":"hole. If the backward pawn is on a half-open file, as in this case, the disadvantage is even greater, as the pawn can be attacked more easily by an opponent's rook or queen on the c-file. Pieces can become weak when they are devoted to protecting a backward pawn, since their obligation to defend the pawn keeps them from being deployed for other uses. Modern opening theory features several openings in which one of the players deliberately incurs a backward pawn in exchange for some other advantage such as the initiative or better development. An excellent example is the of","psg_id":"4789626"},{"title":"Side Pawn Capture","text":"drops their pawn in hand on the 23 square attacking Black's rook – a striking pawn tactic. Next, Black will capture White's side pawn. 6... P-86, 7. Px86 Rx86. White trades their rook pawn on the eighth file. This is the most common move to transition to a Side Pawn Capture opening. After this, both players have two pawns in the hand and their rooks are fully activated. 8. Rx34. Black captures White's pawn on the third file ending up with three pawns in hand. This is the defining characteristic of Side Pawn Capture openings. Following Black's side pawn capture,","psg_id":"19880114"},{"title":"Royal Pawn (Denmark)","text":"the establishment of an \"Assistance House\". Wesling's pawn shop was located in a building at the corner of Nyhavn and Kvæsthusgade. He died in November 1698. His widow, Maren Iversdatter, received permission to continue the operations on 31 January 1698 but died just a few months later. The license was then passed on to Diderik Frandsen Klevenow who moved the pawn shop to a property in Frederiksborggade. In 1699, it was decided that part of the profits should be allocated to Børnehuset and the city's poorhouses. When Klenenows died on 1 June 1711, the license was taken over by the","psg_id":"19882865"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"passed pawn that is protected by a pawn). In this vein, a pawn \"majority\", a greater number of pawns belonging to one player on one side of the chessboard, is strategically important because it can often be converted into a passed pawn. The diagrammed position might appear roughly equal, because each side has a king and three pawns, and the positions of the kings are about equal. In truth, White wins this endgame on the strength of the protected passed pawn, regardless which player moves first. The black king cannot be on both sides of the board at once –","psg_id":"580215"},{"title":"Red Pawn","text":"realism. \"We the Living\", finally published in 1936, shares some basic plotlines with \"Red Pawn\". Both feature a love triangle set against the background of the early Soviet Union, with the woman protagonist having an anti-Communist lover and a Communist one, and with the Communist finally compromising or renouncing his ideological allegiance for love of her. Red Pawn Red Pawn is a screenplay written by Ayn Rand. It was the first screenplay that Rand sold. Universal Pictures purchased it in 1932. \"Red Pawn\" features the theme of the evil of dictatorship, specifically of Soviet Russia. \"Red Pawn\" is a spy","psg_id":"13416737"},{"title":"Royal Pawn (Denmark)","text":"German nobleman Johan Otto Raben and his wife Emerentzia von Levetzau, who had been his partners and wanted to secure their investment. They moved the pawn shop to Amagertorv 49 (now Amagertorv 25/Læderstræde 28) where it was managed by Jacob Lindemann. Raben died in 1719 and his widow then operated the pawn shop alone until the license was passed on to their son Christian Frederik Raben and his wife Birthe von Plessen in 1731. In 1737, Iver Jentoft took over the license only to pass it on to two Jewish brothers from Altona, Salomon and Meyer Joseph Unna, who moved","psg_id":"19882866"},{"title":"Passed pawn","text":"on the sixth rank are superior to Black's rook. Even if on move, Black cannot stop one of White's pawns from queening. Similarly, in the upper-right quadrant, Black's bishop cannot hold back both of White's pawns. White queens a pawn after 1. f7 (1.h7 also works) Bxf7 2. h7 followed by 3. h8=Q. In the lower-left quadrant, White's queen cannot stop Black's pawn from queening without stalemating Black. The lower-right quadrant highlights how awkward a knight is in dealing with a passed pawn, especially a rook pawn. White's knight is actually worse than useless in trying to stop Black's pawn.","psg_id":"4775594"},{"title":"Pawn Sacrifice","text":"Pawn Sacrifice Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film. It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland. It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy. It was released in the United States on September 16, 2015. The film starts in 1972, as an adult","psg_id":"17319416"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"to defend the isolated h-pawn and to stop White's c-pawn from advancing to promotion. Thus White can capture the h-pawn and then win the game . After a capture with a pawn, a player may end up with two pawns on the same , called \"doubled pawns\". Doubled pawns are substantially weaker than pawns which are side by side, because they cannot defend each other, they usually cannot both be defended by adjacent pawns, and the front pawn blocks the advance of the back one. In the diagram, Black is playing at a strategic disadvantage due to the doubled c-pawns.","psg_id":"580216"},{"title":"Side Pawn Capture","text":"is also possible. 5. P-24. Black initiates a pawn trade on the second file by attacking White's pawn. 5... Px24, 6. Rx24. Pawn trade clearing off the pawns on the second file and giving each player a pawn in hand. Black's rook is positioned on 24 square. From this position, Black may capture White's side pawn on 34 in subsequent moves leading directly into the Side Pawn Capture opening. The Side Pawn opening position above can be reached by several different move sequences, some of which are shown below. The first transposition recalls the Double Wing Attack opening while the","psg_id":"19880111"},{"title":"Pawn (chess)","text":"b-pawn\". Alternatively, they can be referred to by the piece which stood on that file at the beginning of the game, e.g. \"White's king bishop's pawn\" or \"Black's queen knight's pawn\". It is also common to refer to a ', meaning any pawn on the a- or h-files, a ' (on the b- or g-files), a ' (on the c- or f-files), a ' (on the d-file), a ' (on the e-file), and a ' (on the d- or e-files). Unlike the other pieces, pawns cannot move backwards. Normally a pawn moves by advancing a single square, but the first","psg_id":"580205"},{"title":"Rook on Pawn","text":"pawn. Rook on Pawn Climbing Silver (タテ歩棒銀 \"tatefu bōgin\" or 飛尻出棒銀 \"hijiride bōgin\") combines the Rook on Pawn technique with a Climbing Silver strategy. Rook on Pawn Rook on Pawn or Vertical Pawn Picker (タテ歩取り or 縦歩取り \"tatefudori\") is a subclass of Double Wing Attack Floating Rook (Static Rook) openings in which the Floating Rook player moves their rook to the third file aiming to capture their opponent's pawn used to open their bishop diagonal at the 34 square. This rook attack can occur preemptively by moving their rook before their opponent's pawn push and, thus, preventing (at least initially)","psg_id":"19914182"},{"title":"Side Pawn Capture","text":"opening. This is typically done by Black pushing an edge pawn instead of capturing White's side pawn. After the edge pawn push, White may decide to take Black's side pawn leading to a Side Pawn Capture position with Black and White's sides reversed (with the extra edge pawn push by Black). This may be done if Black prefers the lines usually played by White or if Black plans to exploit the ramifications of playing White with an extra edge pawn push or merely for psychological effect. In professional games, these positions are uncommon and often lead to Double Wing Attack","psg_id":"19880121"},{"title":"Rose's Pawn Shop","text":"like: gritty, high-energy and passionate, with a lot of instrumental virtuosity. But over time, we've evolved to be more song-focused. I think we've retained that original energy, but now we're more focused on crafting our arrangements so the song can shine though.\" The nascent combo got its name after Rose, Givant's ex-girlfriend and former bandmate, stole the band's equipment from their rehearsal space and scattered their gear amongst various pawn shops throughout North Hollywood. Fortunately, the musicians were able to recover their gear, and soon forged a formidable musical chemistry that manifested itself in their highly charged live shows, and","psg_id":"9001792"},{"title":"Wrong rook pawn","text":"Wrong rook pawn In chess endgames with a bishop, a pawn that is a may be the wrong rook pawn. With a single bishop, the result of a position may depend on whether or not the bishop controls the square on the chessboard on which the pawn would promote. Since a side's rook pawns promote on opposite-colored squares, one of them may be the \"wrong rook pawn\" . This situation is also known as having the \"wrong-colored bishop\" or \"wrong bishop\", i.e. the bishop is on the wrong colored squares in relation to the rook pawn . In many cases,","psg_id":"12224403"},{"title":"Isolated pawn","text":"flexibility than those defending them. In other words, the attacking pieces enjoy greater freedom to make other threats (win pieces, checkmate, etc.), while the defending pieces are restricted to the defense of the pawn. This is because a piece that is attacking a pawn can give up the attack to do something else, whereas the defending piece must stay rooted to the spot until the attacking piece has moved. The defending piece is thus said to be \"tied down\" to the pawn. The second reason is that the square immediately in front of the isolated pawn is weak, since it","psg_id":"4789598"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"and The Duhks, and many others. In 2006 Rose's Pawn Shop was awarded the 2006 Best Band in the West title in the Billboard Magazine/Disc Makers Independent Music World Series. They were also selected as Amoeba Records homegrown artist of the month for June 2006. Following these awards Rose's Pawn Shop embarked on a three-month cross-country tour. Rolling Stone premiered “What Were You Waiting For” music video in Sept 2014: https://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/roses-pawn-shop-what-were-you-waiting-for-video-20140918 American Songwriter premiered “What Were You Waiting For” in July 2014: http://www.americansongwriter.com/2014/07/song-premiere-roses-pawn-shop-waiting/ Rose's Pawn Shop Rose's Pawn Shop is an Americana, rock, folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9001797\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Shop Chronicles\",\n \"text\": \"Pawn Shop Chronicles Pawn Shop Chronicles, also known as Hustlers, is a 2013 crime comedy film directed by Wayne Kramer and written by Adam Minarovich. The film stars an ensemble cast, led by Paul Walker, Matt Dillon, Brendan Fraser, Vincent D'Onofrio, Norman Reedus, and Chi McBride. Centering on the events in and around a pawn shop, \\\"Pawn Shop Chronicles\\\" tells three overlapping stories involving items found within said pawn shop. This was the final film featuring Walker to be released in his lifetime, as he died four months after its release. The film received a limited theatrical release in July\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17299628\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arrowhead Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"good customer service and good vibes\\\". Arrowhead Pawn Shop Arrowhead Pawn Shop is a pawn shop and part of the Iron Pipeline. It was founded in 1991 and is located in Jonesboro, Georgia. The store was described as the most significant source outside of New York State of guns recovered by the New York Police Department in 2009. After a gun from the shop was used in the murders of two New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers, the \\\"New York Times\\\" reported that Arrowhead ranked fifth on the U.S.-wide list of legal sources of guns used in crimes. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18764014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arrowhead Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"Arrowhead Pawn Shop Arrowhead Pawn Shop is a pawn shop and part of the Iron Pipeline. It was founded in 1991 and is located in Jonesboro, Georgia. The store was described as the most significant source outside of New York State of guns recovered by the New York Police Department in 2009. After a gun from the shop was used in the murders of two New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers, the \\\"New York Times\\\" reported that Arrowhead ranked fifth on the U.S.-wide list of legal sources of guns used in crimes. The newspaper quoted an anonymous federal official\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18764012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Shop Chronicles\",\n \"text\": \"Chronicles,\\\" a hillbilly grindhouse yawp of a movie that belches in your face and leaves a sour stink.\\\" The film was reviewed favorably by JoBlo.com. For the site, reviewer JimmyO wrote, \\\"\\\"Pawn Shop Chronicles\\\" is a wildly bizarre and politically incorrect mix of b-movie genres wrapped into one. Kramer – with the script by Minarovich – amps up the action and violence without pushing it too far – well at least for my personally warped taste.\\\" Pawn Shop Chronicles Pawn Shop Chronicles, also known as Hustlers, is a 2013 crime comedy film directed by Wayne Kramer and written by Adam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17299630\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop Rose's Pawn Shop is an Americana, rock, folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles, California. Their debut album The Arsonist was released in May 2006. The band tours several times each year throughout the United States but has recently put a hold on touring to record a new album coming 2013. On their new album \\\"Gravity Well\\\", the fiercely independent young quintet known as Rose's Pawn Shop deliver a rousing, honest set that demonstrates exactly why this multi-talented, multi-instrumental L.A.-based fivesome has quickly risen from humble D.I.Y. origins to national notoriety, winning a fiercely loyal fan base\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9001787\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hardcore Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"has since left the show and became host of another television series for the National Geographic Channel, \\\"Meltdown\\\", a series focusing on the recycling of precious metals. That series debuted on National Geographic on October 31, 2013. Hardcore Pawn Hardcore Pawn is an American reality television series produced by RDF USA (later Zodiak USA) and Richard Dominick Productions for truTV about the day-to-day operations of American Jewelry and Loan, a family-owned and operated pawn shop and broker in Detroit, Michigan's 8 Mile Road corridor. The series premiered on August 16, 2010, delivering two million viewers, setting a record as truTV's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14832081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Shop (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Albums album, and No. 17 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, selling 21,000 copies in its first week. It sold a further 6,100 copies in its second week. The album was certified Gold on November 16, 2017. It has sold 218,600 copies in the US as of September 2018. From \\\"Pawn Shop\\\" liner notes. Pawn Shop (album) Both members of the duo (John and T.J. Osborne) co-wrote nearly every song on the album, except \\\"Heart Shaped Locket\\\", on which only TJ was a co-writer. Jay Joyce produced the album except for \\\"Rum\\\" and \\\"Heart Shaped Locket\\\", which the duo produced with Brad\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14081239\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hardcore Pawn: Chicago\",\n \"text\": \"Hardcore Pawn: Chicago Hardcore Pawn: Chicago was an American reality television series on truTV. A spin-off of \\\"Hardcore Pawn\\\", the series follows the day-to-day operations of the Royal Pawn Shop located in Chicago, Illinois, at 428 S. Clark Street across from the Metropolitan Correctional Center near Chicago's Financial District. On August 15, 2012, truTV ordered 18 half-hour episodes for the first season which first premiered on January 1, 2013. In January 2014, truTV announced that the show had been canceled. In 2014, the location was used on the television show, \\\"Chicago PD\\\", with actor \\\"Elias Koteas\\\" entering the shop to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16840364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"When the Pawn...\",\n \"text\": \"Nielsen SoundScan. When the Pawn... When the Pawn... is the shortened title of the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Fiona Apple. Its entire title is When the Pawn Hits the Conflicts He Thinks Like a King What He Knows Throws the Blows When He Goes to the Fight and He'll Win the Whole Thing 'fore He Enters the Ring There's No Body to Batter When Your Mind Is Your Might so When You Go Solo, You Hold Your Own Hand and Remember That Depth Is the Greatest of Heights and If You Know Where You Stand, Then You Know\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13746057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"When the Pawn...\",\n \"text\": \"When the Pawn... When the Pawn... is the shortened title of the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Fiona Apple. Its entire title is When the Pawn Hits the Conflicts He Thinks Like a King What He Knows Throws the Blows When He Goes to the Fight and He'll Win the Whole Thing 'fore He Enters the Ring There's No Body to Batter When Your Mind Is Your Might so When You Go Solo, You Hold Your Own Hand and Remember That Depth Is the Greatest of Heights and If You Know Where You Stand, Then You Know Where to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13746051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Queens\",\n \"text\": \"worthy of their own show,\\\" and called the series \\\"not-so-dramatic\\\" and \\\"G-rated pawning, which makes you hungry for Vegas.\\\" The premiere episode which aired in November 18, 2010 achieved 1.2 million viewers, prompting the TLC network to give the show its own series, which first aired May 5, 2011. The show had more than one million viewers each week. Pawn Queens Pawn Queens is a reality TV series about female pawn shop operators, airing on TLC, which premiered in 2010, following its pilot episode in 2010. Located in the Chicago suburb of Naperville, Illinois, businesswomen Minda Grabiec and Nikki Ruehl\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15684225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Queens\",\n \"text\": \"Pawn Queens Pawn Queens is a reality TV series about female pawn shop operators, airing on TLC, which premiered in 2010, following its pilot episode in 2010. Located in the Chicago suburb of Naperville, Illinois, businesswomen Minda Grabiec and Nikki Ruehl run a pawn shop that caters to women. The family-friendly boutique specializes in merchandise appealing to women, including jewelry, vintage Barbie dolls, and one-of-a-kind antiques. With their two business partners, Greg Holloway and Tom Brunzelle, they pawn, purchase, and sell just about anything to keep their fledgling company afloat. Each episode focuses on how pawn businesses operate, and features\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15684222\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Stars\",\n \"text\": \"Long, reviewing the first season DVD for DVD Town, praised the series for its cast and the educational value of the items examined, calling it \\\"addictive\\\" and \\\"a big-time winner\\\", and opined that it is the best show on History and perhaps cable. In one issue of \\\"TV Guide\\\", writer Rob Moynihan included the show in a list of \\\"guilty pleasures.\\\" April McIntyre of Monsters and Critics, whose negative view of pawn shops influenced her view of the series' setting, reviewed one episode of the series, which she labeled a \\\"cool \\\"Antiques Roadshow\\\"\\\". Though she found aspects of it interesting,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13647531\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"learned to pick our moments to shine and deliver the songs in the most clear, concise and passionate way possible.\\\" Formed in August 2005, Rose's Pawn Shop is a five-piece band consisting of: Former Members: They have also recorded and performed with: \\\"Soda\\\"- banjo, guitars and vocals, Jimmy Stelling of The Hackensaw Boys, Wayne Hancock, Junior Brown, Flogging Molly, Th' Legendary Shack Shakers, The Scotch Greens, Jack White and The Raconteurs, Grace Potter & The Nocturnals, Ghostland Observatory, Blues Traveler, DeVotchka, Old Crow Medicine Show, Levon Helm, Blue Rodeo, Conor Oberst and the Mystic River Band, Railroad Earth, The Sadies,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9001796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Poisoned Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"of his prior cases. The projected release date is late 2018. The Poisoned Pawn refers to the original title that was given to Overseer, before a name change was decided internally prior to its 1998 release. The development team for The Poisoned Pawn (under the name \\\"Chaotic Fusion\\\") is made up of only 4 individuals. The game is being developed in the Unity engine, and features significantly updated graphics compared to its predecessor . In addition to updates to the real-time 3D engine, the developers have announced the game will feature 4K resolution Full Motion Video sequences, and full Oculus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20637364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Queens\",\n \"text\": \"store dealt in high-end items. An assistant had coincidentally found the shop while researching unusual pawn shops. This led to the shooting of the pilot episode, through August 2010. \\\"Media Life Magazine\\\" described the interaction among the partners in the 2010 pilot episode as \\\"pleasant enough,\\\" but referred to the show as having \\\"no pay off\\\", since no merchandise is seen being pawned, only purchased by the shop, and no ultimate sales of merchandise is seen. \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" gave a mixed-to-negative review of the 2011 series premiere, stating, \\\"\\\"Pawn Queens\\\" makes you wonder whether some professions are simply not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15684224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Stars\",\n \"text\": \"in the fourth season episode \\\"Over the Top\\\" that he was building a gym above the Pawn Shop for the staff's use. The shop also now sells its own brand merchandise, whose designs originate from fans entering design competitions on Facebook, which saves the Harrisons the cost of hiring professional designers. The staff's presence on Facebook and Twitter also ensures audiences during local nightclub appearances, for which Corey Harrison and Chumlee Russell are paid $1,000 a night. As a result of filming at the shop, however, the four main cast members no longer work the counter, due to laws that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13647527\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"in the process. The 12 new tunes that comprise Gravity Well—produced by Ted Hutt, renowned for his work with the likes of the Dropkick Murphys, Gaslight Anthem and the Old Crow Medicine Show—make it clear why Rose's Pawn Shop has earned such a fervent following. The band's catchy, anthemic songcraft channels the raw emotional power of America's folk, country and bluegrass traditions and puts them through a modern filter, creating timelessly resonant music. Frontman Paul Givant's heartfelt, engaging songwriting surveys such time-honored subjects as heartache, loss, regret and redemption, echoing centuries of musical tradition while still sounding wholly contemporary. Despite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9001788\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hardcore Pawn: Chicago\",\n \"text\": \"ask a pawnbroker about a case. A total of 18 episodes have been broadcast. Hardcore Pawn: Chicago Hardcore Pawn: Chicago was an American reality television series on truTV. A spin-off of \\\"Hardcore Pawn\\\", the series follows the day-to-day operations of the Royal Pawn Shop located in Chicago, Illinois, at 428 S. Clark Street across from the Metropolitan Correctional Center near Chicago's Financial District. On August 15, 2012, truTV ordered 18 half-hour episodes for the first season which first premiered on January 1, 2013. In January 2014, truTV announced that the show had been canceled. In 2014, the location was used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16840365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23\",\n \"text\": \"Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23 Side Pawn Capture Pawn*23 (横歩取り☖2三歩 \\\"yokofudori ni-san fu\\\") or Side Pawn Capture B*25 (横歩取り☖2五角 \\\"yokofudori ni-go kaku\\\") is variation stemming from the Side Pawn Capture opening, in which White drops a pawn on the second file before trading off pawns on the eighth file leading Black to capture White's Side Pawn. After this, White initiates a rapid attack against Black's rook starting from a bishop drop on the second file. This is an older variation of the Side Pawn opening that has become disfavored since White's rapid attack is considered ineffective. 6...P*23. White drops their pawn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20527686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23\",\n \"text\": \"in hand on the 23 square attacking Black's rook – a striking pawn tactic. 7. Rx34. Fleeing from attack, Black can now take White's side pawn. White's primary response to Black's capturing of the side pawn has been to immediately trade bishops and attack Black's vulnerable rook. Side Pawn Capture, Pawn*23 Side Pawn Capture Pawn*23 (横歩取り☖2三歩 \\\"yokofudori ni-san fu\\\") or Side Pawn Capture B*25 (横歩取り☖2五角 \\\"yokofudori ni-go kaku\\\") is variation stemming from the Side Pawn Capture opening, in which White drops a pawn on the second file before trading off pawns on the eighth file leading Black to capture White's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20527687\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arrowhead Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"as stating that \\\"[Arrowhead] were like a Crazy Eddie of gun dealers. They had a lot of volume and they did a lot of business.\\\" The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence describes Arrowhead as a \\\"notorious 'bad apple' gun dealer\\\", having sold over 1720 guns that were subsequently used in crimes. Arrowhead Pawn Shop was rebuilt in 2007 following a fire; retail space quadrupled from 2,000 square feet to 8,000 square feet in the new premises. As of 2014, the store's chief executive is Arthur Banks. The shop describes itself as \\\"a family owned business dedicated to good prices,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18764013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"The Pawn The Pawn is a text-based interactive fiction game by Magnetic Scrolls, first published for the Sinclair QL by Sinclair Research in . It was then released for other platforms in by Rainbird. It is remembered for its excellent graphics (on some versions) and the opening music available in some game versions. Also the game itself—story and parser—got mostly positive reviews. The story takes place in the fairy land of Kerovnia, from which the player must escape. The game is written in 68000 assembler. Later versions use a cut-down 68000 virtual machine even on less powerful machines like the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4968606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"The Pawn The Pawn is a text-based interactive fiction game by Magnetic Scrolls, first published for the Sinclair QL by Sinclair Research in . It was then released for other platforms in by Rainbird. It is remembered for its excellent graphics (on some versions) and the opening music available in some game versions. Also the game itself—story and parser—got mostly positive reviews. The story takes place in the fairy land of Kerovnia, from which the player must escape. The game is written in 68000 assembler. Later versions use a cut-down 68000 virtual machine even on less powerful machines like the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4968602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Stars\",\n \"text\": \"ET. The program also received a new opening and theme song, \\\"Winning isn't Everything\\\", performed by Lynyrd Skynyrd. The opening was replaced again with different theme music from an uncredited artist on June 12, 2014. Professional specialists are sometimes called in by the pawn shop to determine the authenticity and value of the items brought in and, in some cases, to restore them. The following is a list of recurring experts who have appeared in two or more episodes. Cameo appearances have been made by Phil Collen, Joe Elliott, Bob Dylan, Jeremy McKinnon, Meredith Vieira, the Oak Ridge Boys, George\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13647529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Isolated pawn\",\n \"text\": \"is immune to attack by a pawn (often providing an excellent outpost for a knight), and the enemy piece located in this square cannot be attacked by rooks because the isolated pawn blocks the file it is on. Thus an isolated pawn provides a typical example of what Wilhelm Steinitz called \\\"weak squares\\\". An isolated queen pawn (IQP), called an \\\"isolani\\\", is often a special case. An isolated queen pawn is one on the queen's (d-file). The weakness of such a pawn's isolation arises from two factors associated with the absence of both neighboring pawns: The presence of open or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Sacrifice\",\n \"text\": \"after Fischer failed to show up for the second game. Pawn Sacrifice Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film. It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland. It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy. It was released in the United States on September\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17319428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Z80-based Sinclair Spectrum. The Amiga version uses digitized instrument samples in its title music early in that computer's lifecycle. The peaceful title music was composed by John Molloy and it features guitar and flute sounds . \\\"The Pawn\\\" was Firebird's second best-selling Commodore game as of late 1987. The game won the award for best adventure game of the year in Crash magazine. It was also voted Best Adventure Game of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards. \\\"Compute!\\\" described \\\"The Pawn\\\" as \\\"parod[ying] the entire genre of interactive fiction, showing us that much of it—even the serious stuff—has its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4968603\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hardcore Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Hardcore Pawn Hardcore Pawn is an American reality television series produced by RDF USA (later Zodiak USA) and Richard Dominick Productions for truTV about the day-to-day operations of American Jewelry and Loan, a family-owned and operated pawn shop and broker in Detroit, Michigan's 8 Mile Road corridor. The series premiered on August 16, 2010, delivering two million viewers, setting a record as truTV's most-watched series premiere ever. Production was halted in 2014. American Jewelry and Loan is owned by Les Gold, a third generation pawnbroker and businessman, and the grandson of a pawnbroker who once owned Sam's Loans, a now-defunct\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14832073\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"shortcomings\\\", giving as example a character campaigning to eliminate mazes in text adventures. It stated that some of the Atari ST version's graphics were \\\"superb\\\" but wished that the pictures contributed to solving the game instead of being optional. The magazine concluded that \\\"Firebird has given us a good adventure, one that bodes well for the company and for all of us adventurers\\\". \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\" stated that \\\"The Pawn\\\" \\\"shows how well something can be done for the Amiga when one KNOWS the machine\\\". \\\"Info\\\" gave the Amiga version four-plus stars out of five, praising the \\\"excellent graphics\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4968604\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Stars\",\n \"text\": \"the staff's interactions with customers, who bring in a variety of artifacts to sell or pawn, and who are shown haggling over the price and discussing its historical background, with narration provided by either the Harrisons or Chumlee. The series also follows the interpersonal conflicts among the cast. One reviewer referencing these conflicts described the show as a version of \\\"Antiques Roadshow\\\" \\\"hijacked by \\\"American Chopper\\\"s Teutul family\\\". \\\"TV Guide\\\" has offered a similar description, calling the show \\\"one part \\\"Antiques Roadshow\\\", a pinch of \\\"LA Ink\\\" and a dash of \\\"COPS\\\"\\\". Numerous local experts in a variety of fields\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13647518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hardcore Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"sale, and usually some argument between Ashley and Seth. During season 9 truTV decided not to order more episodes because of the network's new direction. truTV was concentrating on comedy programming and it was decided that \\\"Hardcore Pawn\\\" did not relate properly to other programs in the network's schedule. No other television networks showed interest in the series, and production was halted in 2014. Repeats of \\\"Hardcore Pawn\\\" are also seen on occasion on TNT. \\\"Hardcore Pawn\\\" has generated two spinoffs: In addition, Rich Pyle, one of the American Jewelry clerks who was featured in many episodes of \\\"Hardcore Pawn\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14832080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Shop Chronicles\",\n \"text\": \"2013. The movie was filmed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in June 2012. The film's carnival scene was filmed at William and Lee Park in Port Allen, Louisiana. The film received negative reviews from critics. Based on 16 reviews, it currently holds a 13% approval rating on film review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes. The film also holds a rating of 26/100 on Metacritic based on 10 reviews indicating \\\"generally unfavorable reviews\\\". Writing for \\\"The New York Times\\\", film critic Stephen Holden said of the film, \\\"\\\"Hee Haw\\\" meets \\\"Pulp Fiction\\\" at the meth lab: That describes the style of \\\"Pawn Shop\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17299629\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"a cowrie shell or a coin of little value. In Turkish pawn is called \\\"piyon\\\", borrowed from the French word in the 19th century. \\\"Pawn\\\" is often taken to mean \\\"one who is easily manipulated\\\" or \\\"one who is sacrificed for a larger purpose\\\". Because the pawn is the weakest piece, it is often used metaphorically to indicate unimportance or outright disposability; for example, \\\"She's only a pawn in their game.\\\" Unicode defines two codepoints for pawn: ♙ U+2659 White Chess Pawn (HTML ♙) ♟ U+265F Black Chess Pawn (HTML ♟) Bibliography Pawn (chess) The pawn (♙,♟) is the most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"while receiving extensive national and international airplay on college, AAA, country and alternative radio formats. Meanwhile, the band's diligent roadwork—which has taken them across North America several times, along with visits to the U.K. and Ireland—has allowed Rose's Pawn Shop to continue winning fans and friends across the nation and around the world. \\\"Our travels have had a big influence on our evolution,\\\" Givant states. \\\"Meeting other bands and meeting people from all over the world at our shows has had a big influence on our songwriting, and opened us up to new musical traditions. Seeing the world in general\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9001794\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Stars\",\n \"text\": \"store, which has 12,000 items in its inventory as of July 2011 (5,000 of which are typically held on pawn). Each episode consists of segments devoted to approximately five or six of these items, in which one of the staff members, usually Rick Harrison, his son Corey, or Harrison's father Richard (known as the \\\"Old Man\\\"), explains the history behind the object. When the buyer is unable to evaluate an object, they consult with a knowledgeable expert who can evaluate it to determine its authenticity and potential value, and in the case of items needing repair, the cost of restoration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13647523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Shop (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Pawn Shop (album) Both members of the duo (John and T.J. Osborne) co-wrote nearly every song on the album, except \\\"Heart Shaped Locket\\\", on which only TJ was a co-writer. Jay Joyce produced the album except for \\\"Rum\\\" and \\\"Heart Shaped Locket\\\", which the duo produced with Brad Hill. Both \\\"Rum\\\" and \\\"Stay a Little Longer\\\" previously appeared on their self-titled EP, although the latter was re-recorded. \\\"Rum\\\" was originally issued as a single off the EP in 2014, followed by the re-recording of \\\"Stay a Little Longer\\\". \\\"21 Summer\\\" and \\\"It Ain't My Fault\\\" were the third and fourth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14081236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"en passant\\\" capture. It can occur after a pawn advances two squares using its initial two-step move option, and the square passed over is attacked by an enemy pawn. The enemy pawn is entitled to capture the moved pawn \\\"in passing\\\" – as if it had advanced only one square. The capturing pawn moves to the square over which the moved pawn passed (see diagram), and the moved pawn is removed from the board. The option to capture \\\"en passant\\\" must be exercised on the move immediately following the double-step pawn advance, or it is lost for the remainder of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"When the Pawn...\",\n \"text\": \"lose.\\\" \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"s David Browne awarded the album an A grade, praising Jon Brion's production as well as Apple's songwriting: \\\"Apple hasn’t gained much in psychic confidence following the success of \\\"Tidal\\\". On \\\"When the Pawn...\\\", Apple presents herself as a mental shambles, and she’s more than happy to tell us about it.\\\" \\\"Pitchfork\\\" rated the album eight out of ten stars, with reviewer Chip Chanko praising Apple's lyrics, writing: \\\"[Apple] seems older. Her voice is full of a heartfelt soul that seems almost timeless. While Billie Holiday would never have considered the possibility of lines like, 'It won't be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13746055\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"the endgame. In the middlegame, however, Black has slightly more freedom of movement than White, and may be able to trade off the isolated pawn before an endgame ensues. A pawn which cannot be blocked or captured by enemy pawns in its advance to promotion is a \\\"passed pawn\\\". In the diagram, White has a \\\"protected\\\" passed pawn on c5 and Black has an \\\"outside\\\" passed pawn on h5. Because endgames are often won by the player who can promote a pawn first, having a passed pawn in an endgame can be decisive – especially a protected passed pawn (a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Backward pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Backward pawn In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind all pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced. In the diagram, the black pawn on the c6-square is backward. Backward pawns are usually a positional disadvantage since they are difficult to defend. Also, the opponent can place a piece, usually a knight, on the hole in front of the pawn without any risk of a pawn driving it away. The backward pawn also prevents its owner's rooks and queen on the same file from attacking the piece placed on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Backward pawn\",\n \"text\": \"on. Bibliography Backward pawn In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind all pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced. In the diagram, the black pawn on the c6-square is backward. Backward pawns are usually a positional disadvantage since they are difficult to defend. Also, the opponent can place a piece, usually a knight, on the hole in front of the pawn without any risk of a pawn driving it away. The backward pawn also prevents its owner's rooks and queen on the same file from attacking the piece placed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789628\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Passed pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Passed pawn In chess, a passed pawn is a pawn with no opposing pawns to prevent it from advancing to the eighth ; i.e. there are no opposing pawns in front of it on either the same or adjacent files. A passed pawn is sometimes colloquially called a \\\"passer\\\". Passed pawns can be an advantage because only the opponent's pieces can stop them from promoting. In the diagram, the white pawns on b5, c4, and e5 are passed pawns, and Black's pawn on d4 is a passed pawn. If Black plays ...fxg4, then the black pawn on g4 will be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4775587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Poisoned Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"The Poisoned Pawn The Poisoned Pawn will be the seventh game in the \\\"Tex Murphy\\\" series of detective adventure games, developed by Chaotic Fusion. In the same style as the rest of the titles in the series, it will tell much of its story through live-action full-motion video sequences, coupled with fully explorable 3D first-person environments during gameplay. \\\"The Poisoned Pawn's\\\" gameplay will be very similar to that of \\\"\\\", where the player will assume the role of \\\"Tex Murphy\\\", exploring rich 3D environments from a first-person perspective, hunting for clues and solving various environmental puzzles. In addition to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20637360\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn structure\",\n \"text\": \"along the long diagonal, and usually prepares the f2-f4-f5 break. Openings: Primary: Closed Sicilian, Closed English (colors reversed). Character: Closed, complicated position. Themes for White: kingside pawn storm, c2-c3 and d3-d4 break. Themes for Black: queenside pawn storm, a1-h8 diagonal Pawn structure In chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawns on the chessboard. Since pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus largely determines the strategic nature of the position. Weaknesses in the pawn structure, such as isolated, doubled or backward pawns and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6782465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Poisoned Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Rift support. While no official announcements about other VR platforms have been made yet (like the HTC Vive), the developers are confident that it could make it to those platforms provided there sufficient time and access to those development kits. While there have been no hard dates set, the development team estimates late 2018 for the release of the title. While the title will be released for the desktop platform, \\\"The Poisoned Pawn\\\" will mark the first solid attempt to bring Tex Murphy to the latest generation consoles (Xbox One, PlayStation 4, etc.), and Virtual Reality. The Poisoned Pawn The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20637365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Isolated pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Isolated pawn In chess, an isolated pawn is a pawn that has no friendly pawn on an adjacent . Isolated pawns are usually a weakness because they cannot be protected by other pawns. The square in front of the pawn may become a good outpost or otherwise a good square for the opponent to anchor pieces. Isolated pawns most often become weaker in the endgame, as there are fewer pieces available to protect the pawn. Isolated pawns can, however, provide improved development and associated opportunities for that offset or even outweigh their weaknesses. The files adjacent to the isolated pawn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Game of Pawns (game show)\",\n \"text\": \"produced many hit reality television shows, such as: Cake Boss, Fixer Upper, Tough Love and others. Jim Berger and Scott Feely were the executive producers for the series. Game of Pawns (game show) Game of Pawns is a television game show based in Branson, Missouri, about the goings on in a local pawn shop. The show stars; Justin Tranchita , Scott Velvet and Brian Roman. The plot of the show is a mix of a game show and reality television series as Scott and Brian buy unusual items at Branson Pawn using a trivia game to give patrons the chance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19183236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn structure\",\n \"text\": \"Pawn structure In chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawns on the chessboard. Since pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus largely determines the strategic nature of the position. Weaknesses in the pawn structure, such as isolated, doubled or backward pawns and , once created, are usually permanent. Care must therefore be taken to avoid them (but there are exceptions — for instance see \\\"Boleslavsky hole\\\" below). In the absence of these structural weaknesses, it is not possible to classify a pawn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6782443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn storm\",\n \"text\": \"Pawn storm A pawn storm is a chess strategy in which several pawns are moved in rapid succession toward the opponent's defenses. A pawn storm usually involves adjacent pawns on one side of the board, the (a-, b-, and c-) or the (f-, g-, and h-files). A pawn storm will often be directed toward the opponent's king after it has castled toward one side (e.g. Fischer–Larsen, 1958). Successive advances of the pawns on that side might rapidly cramp and overwhelm the opponent's position. A pawn storm might also be directed at queening a passed pawn; the diagram is taken from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9011956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn, Oregon\",\n \"text\": \"the post office name. One of them, Monroe Poole, was the first postmaster. Mail reached Pawn by horse or wagon, sometimes transferred from a boat further downstream. Before roads connected Pawn to Florence, the community had its own school for children in grades 1 through 8. Older children boarded in Florence, where they went to high school. A 21st-century forest trail in the same general vicinity is named after the community. Pawn Trail, managed by the United States Forest Service, forms a loop through an old-growth forest. The trail, open all year, is about from Florence, mostly via forest roads.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19177714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"immediate ...c5 and perhaps a later ...f6. Pawns on adjacent files can support each other in attack and defense. A pawn which has no friendly pawns in adjacent files is an \\\"isolated pawn\\\". The square in front of an isolated pawn may become an enduring weakness. Any piece placed directly in front not only blocks the advance of that pawn, but cannot be driven away by other pawns. In the diagram, Black has an isolated pawn on d5. If all the pieces except the kings and pawns were removed, the weakness of that pawn might prove fatal to Black in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580213\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"time a pawn moves, it has the option of advancing two squares. Pawns may not use the initial two-square advance to jump over an occupied square, or to capture. Any piece immediately in front of a pawn, friend or foe, blocks its advance. In the diagram, the pawn on c4 can move to c5, while the pawn on e2 can move to either e3 or e4. Unlike other pieces, the pawn does not capture in the same direction as it moves. A pawn captures diagonally forward one square to the left or right (see diagram). Another unusual rule is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580206\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Isolated pawn\",\n \"text\": \"are either open or half-open, providing two lanes of attack for the rooks and the queen. The absence of pawns adjacent to the isolated pawn may also mobilize the player's knights and bishops. An isolated pawn on the d-file is called an isolated queen pawn or simply an isolani. In addition to the open or half-open c- and e-files, the isolated queen pawn can provide a good outpost on the c- and e-file squares diagonally forward of the pawn, which are especially favorable for the player's knights. The isolated queen pawn position favors a attack, freeing both the light and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Backward pawn\",\n \"text\": \"hole. If the backward pawn is on a half-open file, as in this case, the disadvantage is even greater, as the pawn can be attacked more easily by an opponent's rook or queen on the c-file. Pieces can become weak when they are devoted to protecting a backward pawn, since their obligation to defend the pawn keeps them from being deployed for other uses. Modern opening theory features several openings in which one of the players deliberately incurs a backward pawn in exchange for some other advantage such as the initiative or better development. An excellent example is the of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Side Pawn Capture\",\n \"text\": \"drops their pawn in hand on the 23 square attacking Black's rook – a striking pawn tactic. Next, Black will capture White's side pawn. 6... P-86, 7. Px86 Rx86. White trades their rook pawn on the eighth file. This is the most common move to transition to a Side Pawn Capture opening. After this, both players have two pawns in the hand and their rooks are fully activated. 8. Rx34. Black captures White's pawn on the third file ending up with three pawns in hand. This is the defining characteristic of Side Pawn Capture openings. Following Black's side pawn capture,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19880114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Pawn (Denmark)\",\n \"text\": \"the establishment of an \\\"Assistance House\\\". Wesling's pawn shop was located in a building at the corner of Nyhavn and Kvæsthusgade. He died in November 1698. His widow, Maren Iversdatter, received permission to continue the operations on 31 January 1698 but died just a few months later. The license was then passed on to Diderik Frandsen Klevenow who moved the pawn shop to a property in Frederiksborggade. In 1699, it was decided that part of the profits should be allocated to Børnehuset and the city's poorhouses. When Klenenows died on 1 June 1711, the license was taken over by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19882865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"passed pawn that is protected by a pawn). In this vein, a pawn \\\"majority\\\", a greater number of pawns belonging to one player on one side of the chessboard, is strategically important because it can often be converted into a passed pawn. The diagrammed position might appear roughly equal, because each side has a king and three pawns, and the positions of the kings are about equal. In truth, White wins this endgame on the strength of the protected passed pawn, regardless which player moves first. The black king cannot be on both sides of the board at once –\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"realism. \\\"We the Living\\\", finally published in 1936, shares some basic plotlines with \\\"Red Pawn\\\". Both feature a love triangle set against the background of the early Soviet Union, with the woman protagonist having an anti-Communist lover and a Communist one, and with the Communist finally compromising or renouncing his ideological allegiance for love of her. Red Pawn Red Pawn is a screenplay written by Ayn Rand. It was the first screenplay that Rand sold. Universal Pictures purchased it in 1932. \\\"Red Pawn\\\" features the theme of the evil of dictatorship, specifically of Soviet Russia. \\\"Red Pawn\\\" is a spy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13416737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Pawn (Denmark)\",\n \"text\": \"German nobleman Johan Otto Raben and his wife Emerentzia von Levetzau, who had been his partners and wanted to secure their investment. They moved the pawn shop to Amagertorv 49 (now Amagertorv 25/Læderstræde 28) where it was managed by Jacob Lindemann. Raben died in 1719 and his widow then operated the pawn shop alone until the license was passed on to their son Christian Frederik Raben and his wife Birthe von Plessen in 1731. In 1737, Iver Jentoft took over the license only to pass it on to two Jewish brothers from Altona, Salomon and Meyer Joseph Unna, who moved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19882866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Passed pawn\",\n \"text\": \"on the sixth rank are superior to Black's rook. Even if on move, Black cannot stop one of White's pawns from queening. Similarly, in the upper-right quadrant, Black's bishop cannot hold back both of White's pawns. White queens a pawn after 1. f7 (1.h7 also works) Bxf7 2. h7 followed by 3. h8=Q. In the lower-left quadrant, White's queen cannot stop Black's pawn from queening without stalemating Black. The lower-right quadrant highlights how awkward a knight is in dealing with a passed pawn, especially a rook pawn. White's knight is actually worse than useless in trying to stop Black's pawn.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4775594\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn Sacrifice\",\n \"text\": \"Pawn Sacrifice Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film. It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland. It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy. It was released in the United States on September 16, 2015. The film starts in 1972, as an adult\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17319416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"to defend the isolated h-pawn and to stop White's c-pawn from advancing to promotion. Thus White can capture the h-pawn and then win the game . After a capture with a pawn, a player may end up with two pawns on the same , called \\\"doubled pawns\\\". Doubled pawns are substantially weaker than pawns which are side by side, because they cannot defend each other, they usually cannot both be defended by adjacent pawns, and the front pawn blocks the advance of the back one. In the diagram, Black is playing at a strategic disadvantage due to the doubled c-pawns.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Side Pawn Capture\",\n \"text\": \"is also possible. 5. P-24. Black initiates a pawn trade on the second file by attacking White's pawn. 5... Px24, 6. Rx24. Pawn trade clearing off the pawns on the second file and giving each player a pawn in hand. Black's rook is positioned on 24 square. From this position, Black may capture White's side pawn on 34 in subsequent moves leading directly into the Side Pawn Capture opening. The Side Pawn opening position above can be reached by several different move sequences, some of which are shown below. The first transposition recalls the Double Wing Attack opening while the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19880111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pawn (chess)\",\n \"text\": \"b-pawn\\\". Alternatively, they can be referred to by the piece which stood on that file at the beginning of the game, e.g. \\\"White's king bishop's pawn\\\" or \\\"Black's queen knight's pawn\\\". It is also common to refer to a ', meaning any pawn on the a- or h-files, a ' (on the b- or g-files), a ' (on the c- or f-files), a ' (on the d-file), a ' (on the e-file), and a ' (on the d- or e-files). Unlike the other pieces, pawns cannot move backwards. Normally a pawn moves by advancing a single square, but the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"580205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rook on Pawn\",\n \"text\": \"pawn. Rook on Pawn Climbing Silver (タテ歩棒銀 \\\"tatefu bōgin\\\" or 飛尻出棒銀 \\\"hijiride bōgin\\\") combines the Rook on Pawn technique with a Climbing Silver strategy. Rook on Pawn Rook on Pawn or Vertical Pawn Picker (タテ歩取り or 縦歩取り \\\"tatefudori\\\") is a subclass of Double Wing Attack Floating Rook (Static Rook) openings in which the Floating Rook player moves their rook to the third file aiming to capture their opponent's pawn used to open their bishop diagonal at the 34 square. This rook attack can occur preemptively by moving their rook before their opponent's pawn push and, thus, preventing (at least initially)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19914182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Side Pawn Capture\",\n \"text\": \"opening. This is typically done by Black pushing an edge pawn instead of capturing White's side pawn. After the edge pawn push, White may decide to take Black's side pawn leading to a Side Pawn Capture position with Black and White's sides reversed (with the extra edge pawn push by Black). This may be done if Black prefers the lines usually played by White or if Black plans to exploit the ramifications of playing White with an extra edge pawn push or merely for psychological effect. In professional games, these positions are uncommon and often lead to Double Wing Attack\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19880121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rose's Pawn Shop\",\n \"text\": \"like: gritty, high-energy and passionate, with a lot of instrumental virtuosity. But over time, we've evolved to be more song-focused. I think we've retained that original energy, but now we're more focused on crafting our arrangements so the song can shine though.\\\" The nascent combo got its name after Rose, Givant's ex-girlfriend and former bandmate, stole the band's equipment from their rehearsal space and scattered their gear amongst various pawn shops throughout North Hollywood. Fortunately, the musicians were able to recover their gear, and soon forged a formidable musical chemistry that manifested itself in their highly charged live shows, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9001792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wrong rook pawn\",\n \"text\": \"Wrong rook pawn In chess endgames with a bishop, a pawn that is a may be the wrong rook pawn. With a single bishop, the result of a position may depend on whether or not the bishop controls the square on the chessboard on which the pawn would promote. Since a side's rook pawns promote on opposite-colored squares, one of them may be the \\\"wrong rook pawn\\\" . This situation is also known as having the \\\"wrong-colored bishop\\\" or \\\"wrong bishop\\\", i.e. the bishop is on the wrong colored squares in relation to the rook pawn . In many cases,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12224403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Isolated pawn\",\n \"text\": \"flexibility than those defending them. In other words, the attacking pieces enjoy greater freedom to make other threats (win pieces, checkmate, etc.), while the defending pieces are restricted to the defense of the pawn. This is because a piece that is attacking a pawn can give up the attack to do something else, whereas the defending piece must stay rooted to the spot until the attacking piece has moved. The defending piece is thus said to be \\\"tied down\\\" to the pawn. The second reason is that the square immediately in front of the isolated pawn is weak, since it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4789598\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["i got a buddy","world famous gold & silver pawn shop","pawnstars","gold & silver pawn shop","pawn stars","pawn star$","pawn star"],"string":"[\n \"i got a buddy\",\n \"world famous gold & silver pawn shop\",\n \"pawnstars\",\n \"gold & silver pawn shop\",\n \"pawn stars\",\n \"pawn star$\",\n \"pawn star\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78586,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"known as the beehive state, what was the 45th state to join the union on january 4, 1896?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Beehive Boot","text":"played in 1896 (when Brigham Young University was known as Brigham Young Academy). BYU on the other hand claims that the rivalry dates back to 1922, the first year BYU began playing football. For historical purposes, 1922 is the date most used when referring to the start of the Holy War. The Utes lead the all-time series 60–34–4. The Cougars are 26–20 since the Beehive Boot was created in 1971. BYU and Utah State have met for the Old Wagon Wheel 87 times, dating back to 1922, with BYU holding a 48–36–3 lead. BYU had beaten Utah State ten straight","psg_id":"11010491"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Beehive Boot\",\n \"text\": \"played in 1896 (when Brigham Young University was known as Brigham Young Academy). BYU on the other hand claims that the rivalry dates back to 1922, the first year BYU began playing football. For historical purposes, 1922 is the date most used when referring to the start of the Holy War. The Utes lead the all-time series 60–34–4. The Cougars are 26–20 since the Beehive Boot was created in 1971. BYU and Utah State have met for the Old Wagon Wheel 87 times, dating back to 1922, with BYU holding a 48–36–3 lead. BYU had beaten Utah State ten straight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11010491\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the Democratic Party's response in English and Spanish respectively. The Address was watched by","psg_id":"20520667"},{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"lowest net positive rating since CNN first began asking the question in 1998. 2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the","psg_id":"20520700"},{"title":"45th Arizona State Legislature","text":"30, 2002 and adjourned \"sine die\" August 1; the sixth and final special session convened and adjourned on November 25, 2002. The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. 45th Arizona State Legislature The 45th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002, during the final two years of Jane Dee Hull's first","psg_id":"21010081"},{"title":"State of the Union","text":"report. Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a \"State of the Union\". What began as a communication between president and Congress has become in effect a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and","psg_id":"476433"},{"title":"1877 State of the Union Address","text":"the country lately embroiled in civil war are fully enjoyed.\" He gave this address right after troops were withdrawn from the South. The Reconstruction Era ended in March 1877, and the Southern United States were freed from Republican control. 1877 State of the Union Address The 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th President, Rutherford B. Hayes. It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said, \"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice. Instances of remaining lawlessness","psg_id":"18164802"},{"title":"1877 State of the Union Address","text":"1877 State of the Union Address The 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th President, Rutherford B. Hayes. It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said, \"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice. Instances of remaining lawlessness have become of rare occurrence; political turmoil and turbulence have disappeared; useful industries have been resumed; public credit in the Southern States has been greatly strengthened, and the encouraging benefits of a revival of commerce between the sections of","psg_id":"18164801"},{"title":"1994 State of the Union Address","text":"often conflated. What happened is that President Clinton simply referenced the September 1993 incident. 1994 State of the Union Address The 1994 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 103rd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1994. The speech was Clinton's first official State of the Union address, although he had similarly addressed a joint session of Congress a year prior shortly after taking office. The president discussed the federal budget deficit, taxes, defense spending, crime, foreign affairs, education, the economy, free trade, the role of government, campaign finance","psg_id":"14164730"},{"title":"1939 State of the Union Address","text":"1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the 76th United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 4, 1939, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd United States President. Foreseeing World War II, he said, \"In Reporting on the state of the nation, I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our own house in order in the face of storm signals from across the seas. As this Seventy-sixth Congress opens there is need for further warning. A war which threatened","psg_id":"18177322"},{"title":"State of the Union","text":"of this \"State of the Union Clause\" of the Constitution is not specific, since the 1930s, the President makes this report annually in late January or early February. Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3, and as late as February 12. While not required to deliver a speech, every president since Woodrow Wilson, with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover, has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress. Before that time, most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written","psg_id":"476432"},{"title":"State of the Union (European Union)","text":"State of the Union (European Union) The State of the Union address, also known as the State of the European Union, or SOTEU is the annual speech addressed by the President of the European Commission to the European Parliament plenary session in September. The State of the Union address of the European Union has been instituted by the Lisbon Treaty (with the 2010 Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission - Annex IV(5)), in order to make political life of the Union more democratic and transparent than it hitherto was. The Framework Agreement thus also","psg_id":"14909391"},{"title":"45th New York State Legislature","text":"more of the abovementioned counties. The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature. 45th New York State Legislature The 45th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 17, 1822, during the fifth year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany. Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, amended by the Constitutional Convention of 1801, 32 Senators were elected on general tickets in the four senatorial districts for four-year terms. They were divided into four","psg_id":"16031120"},{"title":"1939 State of the Union Address","text":"to envelop the world in flames has been averted; but it has become increasingly clear that world peace is not assured.\" In September 1939, the War in Europe began. 1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the 76th United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 4, 1939, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd United States President. Foreseeing World War II, he said, \"In Reporting on the state of the nation, I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our","psg_id":"18177323"},{"title":"45th Arizona State Legislature","text":"45th Arizona State Legislature The 45th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002, during the final two years of Jane Dee Hull's first full term in office. Both the Senate and the House membership remained constant at 30 and 60, respectively. The Republicans lost a seat in the Senate, creating a 15-15 balance with the Democrats. The Republicans lost five seats in the House, maintaining their majority in the lower chamber, 35–25. The Legislature met for two regular sessions at","psg_id":"21010079"},{"title":"State of the Union (European Union)","text":"2014. He also acknowledged the need for \"a serious discussion between the citizens of Europe about the way forward,\" calling in particular on all pro-European forces to be mobilised against the anti-European agenda of \"the populists and the nationalists.\" 9 September 2015 marked the first address held by Jean-Claude Juncker. It was titled \"Time for honesty, unity and solidarity\" and opened with the \"imperative to act as a union\" in order to address the refugee crisis. State of the Union (European Union) The State of the Union address, also known as the State of the European Union, or SOTEU is","psg_id":"14909394"},{"title":"45th New York State Legislature","text":"45th New York State Legislature The 45th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 17, 1822, during the fifth year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany. Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, amended by the Constitutional Convention of 1801, 32 Senators were elected on general tickets in the four senatorial districts for four-year terms. They were divided into four classes, and every year eight Senate seats came up for election. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year","psg_id":"16031113"},{"title":"1970 State of the Union Address","text":"1970 State of the Union Address The 1970 State of the Union Address was given by Richard Nixon, the 37th United States President, on January 22, 1970, to both houses of the 91st United States Congress. He said, \"I say this not only because 1970 marks the beginning of a new decade in which America will celebrate its 200th birthday. The seventies will be a time of new beginnings, a time of exploring both on the earth and in the heavens, a time of discovery. But the time has also come for emphasis on developing better ways of managing what","psg_id":"18202765"},{"title":"Response to the State of the Union address","text":"Union addresses, there have been five official responses to non–State of the Union speeches which were delivered soon after presidential inaugurations. Response to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to","psg_id":"14257127"},{"title":"1955 State of the Union Address","text":"ends through aggression.\" He is referring to what seemed to be the high likelihood of nuclear warfare of the time. He ended with, \"And so, I know with all my heart--and I deeply believe that all Americans know--that, despite the anxieties of this divided world, our faith, and the cause in which we all believe, will surely prevail.\" This address was given in his first term (1953-1957), in Washington, D.C. 1955 State of the Union Address The 1955 State of the Union Address was given by the 34th President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, on Thursday, January 6,","psg_id":"18157677"},{"title":"2016 State of the Union Address","text":"2016 State of the Union Address The 2016 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 12, 2016, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. It was the first State of the Union address with Paul Ryan as Speaker of the House of Representatives. It was the last State of the Union Address of Obama's presidency; no U.S. president since Gerald Ford has given a final State of the Union address at the end of his term. Obama's","psg_id":"19081569"},{"title":"1997 State of the Union Address","text":"of high school students sponsored by the Close Up Foundation. Dan Glickman, the Secretary of Agriculture, served as the designated survivor. The speech was broadcast live on television and radio and lasted 1:04:21 and consisted of 6,774 words. This was the first State of the Union Address carried live on the Internet. 1997 State of the Union Address The 1997 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, February 4, 1997. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Clinton's second","psg_id":"13094031"},{"title":"1950 State of the Union Address","text":"1950 State of the Union Address The 1950 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 4, 1950. He spoke to the 81st United States Congress, to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. It was a joint session, and the 160th address given. He said, \"Our aim for a peaceful, democratic world of free peoples will be achieved in the long run, not by force of arms, but by an appeal to the minds and hearts of men.\" He also said, \"Our","psg_id":"18152981"},{"title":"1950 State of the Union Address","text":"Social Security System should be developed into the main reliance of our people for basic protection against the economic hazards of old-age, unemployment, and illness.\" 1950 State of the Union Address The 1950 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 4, 1950. He spoke to the 81st United States Congress, to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. It was a joint session, and the 160th address given. He said, \"Our aim for a peaceful, democratic world of free peoples will be","psg_id":"18152982"},{"title":"1999 State of the Union Address","text":"1999 State of the Union Address The 1999 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 106th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 19, 1999. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. This was the first State of the Union address with Dennis Hastert as Speaker of the House of Representatives. President Clinton discussed the economy, the federal budget, taxes and focused on the budget surplus, then at $70 billion. The president also discussed the future of Social Security, education, foreign relations and","psg_id":"14169012"},{"title":"1980 State of the Union Address","text":"1980 State of the Union Address The 1980 State of the Union address was given by President Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 96th United States Congress on Monday, January 21, 1980. He addressed the Iran Hostage Crisis and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: \"At this time in Iran, 50 Americans are still held captive, innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy. Also at this moment, massive Soviet troops are attempting to subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan.\" The speech lasted 32 minutes and 4 seconds. and contained","psg_id":"16809744"},{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"address. On January 25, 2018, the Green Party issued a press release stating that it would stream an online response to the State of the Union Address, featuring Jill Stein and Ajamu Baraka, the 2016 presidential and vice presidential nominees respectively. It was announced on January 26, 2018, that Maxine Waters would be on the BET program, \"Angela Rye's State of the Union\", after the State of the Union Address to address the country. On January 29, the office of Senator Bernie Sanders, an independent, announced that he would be giving his own response to the address. Alt-right figures supported","psg_id":"20520693"},{"title":"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address","text":"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address The response to the 2006 State of the Union Address was delivered by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine on January 31, 2006, after United States President George W. Bush delivered his 2006 State of the Union address. The theme of Kaine's speech, \"\"A Better Way\",\" advocates the Democratic Party's policies and states' rights. Kaine delivered the speech from Virginia's historic Executive Mansion in Richmond and the speech was televised nationwide. Kaine begins his speech by recalling his work as a Catholic missionary in Honduras where he learned the value of measuring one's","psg_id":"7050636"},{"title":"2008 State of the Union Address","text":"response in Spanish. Libertarian Party Chair William Redpath issued a written response to the State of the Union on behalf of the national Libertarian Party. Steve Kubby, a candidate for the Libertarian Party's 2008 presidential nomination, delivered his own \"State of the Union address\" via Internet video on January 25, 2008, three days before President Bush's speech. Framed as a preemption rather than merely a response, Kubby's speech attempted to predict the themes President Bush would strike and offered Kubby's own proposals in their stead. 2008 State of the Union Address The 2008 State of the Union address was a","psg_id":"11430334"},{"title":"State of the Union","text":"their coverage of a State of the Union address. Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson, this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by, among others, Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman. Ronald Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed. He had planned to deliver it on January 28, 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\" disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day's events. Bill Clinton's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web. A formal invitation is made","psg_id":"476439"},{"title":"2000 State of the Union Address","text":"Clinton discussed many topics in the address, including education, health care, crime, the global economy, technology, and the environment. It was Clinton's last State of the Union address. He left office on January 20, 2001. It was also the longest State of the Union address in recorded history at 1:29. This State of the Union address is notable for being the first since Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address that all 9 members of the Supreme Court were absent. It is speculated that their absence was due to Clinton's recent impeachment. 2000 State of the Union Address The 2000","psg_id":"11517788"},{"title":"1790 State of the Union Address","text":"1790 State of the Union Address This State of the Union Address was given on Friday, January 8, 1790, during the term of George Washington. It was the first annual address given by a president. It was given in New York City. The first President felt, “great satisfaction from a cooperation with you in the pleasing though arduous task of insuring to our fellow citizens the blessings which they have a right to expect from a free, efficient, and equal government.” [1] This State of the Union Address was given on Friday, January 8, 1790, by President George Washington. It","psg_id":"18155990"},{"title":"State of the Union (TV program)","text":"the program's newest host. State of the Union (TV program) State of the Union, branded as State of the Union with Jake Tapper, is an American Sunday talk show and political discussion television program hosted by Jake Tapper on CNN and broadcast around the world by CNN International. It has been broadcast since its debut in January 2009. The program is broadcast from 9:00am to 10:00am ET, with a replay at noon to 1:00pm ET from CNN's studios in Washington D.C. The program premiered on January 18, 2009, originally with John King as host, and aired from 9:00am to 1:00pm","psg_id":"12909533"},{"title":"State of the Union (TV program)","text":"State of the Union (TV program) State of the Union, branded as State of the Union with Jake Tapper, is an American Sunday talk show and political discussion television program hosted by Jake Tapper on CNN and broadcast around the world by CNN International. It has been broadcast since its debut in January 2009. The program is broadcast from 9:00am to 10:00am ET, with a replay at noon to 1:00pm ET from CNN's studios in Washington D.C. The program premiered on January 18, 2009, originally with John King as host, and aired from 9:00am to 1:00pm ET (though only the","psg_id":"12909530"},{"title":"2010 State of the Union Address","text":"2010 State of the Union Address The 2010 State of the Union Address was given by United States President Barack Obama on January 27, 2010, to a joint session of Congress. It was aired on all the major networks starting at 9 pm ET. It was Obama's first State of the Union Address, though the president did give a non-State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress a month after taking office in 2009. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. The presiding officers of the Senate and","psg_id":"13757532"},{"title":"State Council of the Soviet Union","text":"State Council of the Soviet Union Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union Republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power","psg_id":"14995976"},{"title":"Response to the State of the Union address","text":"Response to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to offer a response to the address by Democratic President Lyndon Johnson. The opposition party's response has varied in format, ranging from","psg_id":"14257125"},{"title":"1987 State of the Union Address","text":"of Agriculture, served as the designated survivor. 1987 State of the Union Address The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, starting out with congratulations to the historic 100th Congress. Progressing to the Afghanistan situation, he says: \"The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We","psg_id":"16543626"},{"title":"1975 State of the Union Address","text":"1975 State of the Union Address The 1975 State of the Union address was given by President Gerald Ford to a joint session of the 94th United States Congress on January 15, 1975. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Ford's tenure as president. The president discussed the national debt, taxes, the federal budget and the energy crisis. The speech lasted 41:00 and consisted of 4,126 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and the Speaker of the House Carl","psg_id":"14164951"},{"title":"1975 State of the Union Address","text":"Albert of Oklahoma. 1975 State of the Union Address The 1975 State of the Union address was given by President Gerald Ford to a joint session of the 94th United States Congress on January 15, 1975. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Ford's tenure as president. The president discussed the national debt, taxes, the federal budget and the energy crisis. The speech lasted 41:00 and consisted of 4,126 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and the Speaker of","psg_id":"14164952"},{"title":"1998 State of the Union Address","text":"and consisted of 7,303 words. The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi. William Daley, the Secretary of Commerce, served as the designated survivor. 1998 State of the Union Address The 1998 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1998. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. President Clinton discussed the federal budget, taxes and focused on the budget deficit, then at $10 billion. The president also discussed education, foreign","psg_id":"14169027"},{"title":"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address","text":"the response to the 2008 State of the Union address. Webb's election over incumbent Senator George Allen in the 2006 Virginia Senate election tipped control of the United States Senate to the Democratic Party for the first time in four years and, with the election of a Democratic majority in the US House of Representatives, resulted in the first Democratic-controlled Congress in twelve years. Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address The response to the 2006 State of the Union Address was delivered by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine on January 31, 2006, after United States President George W.","psg_id":"7050646"},{"title":"1914 State of the Union Address","text":"of our thought and the fruits of our character,-this is what will hold our attention and our enthusiasm steadily, now and in the years to come, as we strive to show in our life as a nation what liberty and the inspirations of an emancipated spirit may do for men and for societies, for individuals, for states, and for mankind.\" 1914 State of the Union Address The 1914 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th United States President, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 8, 1914, to both houses of 63rd United States Congress. He concluded it with,","psg_id":"18175793"},{"title":"State Council of the Soviet Union","text":"from his post as IEC Chairman. and the Soviet Union was formally dissolved by the Council of Republics. State Council of the Soviet Union Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet","psg_id":"14995981"},{"title":"Response to the State of the Union address","text":"a prerecorded 45-minute TV program in 1970 to a call-in show in 1972 where a panel of congressmen answered unrehearsed questions from callers. Since the late 1980s, it usually has been a televised speech given soon after the State of the Union address. Three people have given both a response and a State of the Union address: Democrat Bill Clinton and Republicans Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush. First organized, televised response to a presidential State of the Union message<br>Denotes prerecorded program<br>Randomly selected Democratic voters participated in this televised discussion In addition to responses to official State of the","psg_id":"14257126"},{"title":"1996 State of the Union Address","text":"deeds are a contradiction. President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past.\" Donna Shalala, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, served as the designated survivor. 1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 23, 1996. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton's first term. This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements","psg_id":"14169050"},{"title":"Union State","text":"to be stalled, as President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus stated: \"The Russian leadership is demanding that we join the Russian Federation—that's what is in the heads of the Russian leadership. I don't want to bury the sovereignty and independence of [Belarus].\" He added: \"From all the consultations and discussions, I have understood that we have different approaches and understandings of the building of a union state\", and opposed \"the possibility of the incorporation into Russia [of Belarus]\". However, on 19 October 2007, Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov announced that the budget of the Union State \"will grow by no less","psg_id":"3524458"},{"title":"1988 State of the Union Address","text":"radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia and Speaker of the House Jim Wright of Texas. 1988 State of the Union Address The 1988 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Monday, January 25, 1988. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor. President Reagan began by announcing that his speech would not be a litany of","psg_id":"14175317"},{"title":"1988 State of the Union Address","text":"1988 State of the Union Address The 1988 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Monday, January 25, 1988. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor. President Reagan began by announcing that his speech would not be a litany of achievements over the past seven years of his administration, but that he would continue to propose policy initiatives. He outlined the following objectives: Reagan discussed","psg_id":"14175315"},{"title":"1984 State of the Union Address","text":"Pell (RI), Senator Walter Huddleston (KY), Rep. Dante B. Fascell (FL), Rep. Tom Harkin (IA), Rep. William Gray (PA), House Speaker Thomas O’Neill (MA), and Rep. Barbara Boxer (CA). Samuel Pierce, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, served as the designated survivor. 1984 State of the Union Address The 1984 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1984. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 43 minutes and 2 seconds and","psg_id":"16541428"},{"title":"State of the Union (2019 TV series)","text":"State of the Union (2019 TV series) State of the Union is an upcoming American comedy television series set to premiere on SundanceTV. \"State of the Union\" follows \"Louise and Tom who meet in a pub immediately before their weekly marital therapy session. Each episode pieces together how their lives were, what drew them together and what has started to pull them apart.\" On July 13, 2018, it was announced that SundanceTV had given the production a series order consisting of ten episodes running around ten minutes each. The series is expected to be written by Nick Hornby and directed","psg_id":"20806328"},{"title":"1974 State of the Union Address","text":"and good land, and we are a great and good land because we are a strong, free, creative people and because America is the single greatest force for peace anywhere in the world. Today, as always in our history, we can base our confidence in what the American people will achieve in the future on the record of what the American people have achieved in the past.\" It was given in the same year America withdrew all assistance from South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. 1974 State of the Union Address The 1974 State of the Union Address was given","psg_id":"18202850"},{"title":"State of the Union","text":"generally accepted name since 1947. Prior to 1934, the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year, in December. The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23, 1933, changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January, affecting the delivery of the annual message. Since 1934, the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February. The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term. In years when a new president is inaugurated, the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message, but","psg_id":"476436"},{"title":"2015 State of the Union Address","text":"2015 State of the Union Address The 2015 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President, Barack Obama, on Tuesday, January 20, 2015, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. Following recent tradition, Speaker of the House John Boehner sent a letter on December 19, 2014, formally inviting President Obama to speak (despite a proposal from some conservatives that House Republicans withhold the invitation in retaliation for Obama's executive actions on immigration reform). It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. The State of the Union Address was broadcast on various","psg_id":"18376760"},{"title":"1987 State of the Union Address","text":"1987 State of the Union Address The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, starting out with congratulations to the historic 100th Congress. Progressing to the Afghanistan situation, he says: \"The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We are ready to support a political solution","psg_id":"16543624"},{"title":"1997 State of the Union Address","text":"1997 State of the Union Address The 1997 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, February 4, 1997. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. President Clinton discussed numerous topics in the address, including the environment, the International Space Station, welfare, crime and relations with NATO and China. The president also focused on a \"detailed plan to balance the budget by 2002\". The Republican Party response was delivered by Oklahoma congressman J. C. Watts in front","psg_id":"13094030"},{"title":"1918 State of the Union Address","text":"By the end of 1918, America had won the peace, and World War I was over. He said, \"And throughout it all how fine the spirit of the nation was: what unity of purpose, what untiring zeal!\" He ended with, \"I shall make my absence as brief as possible and shall hope to return with the happy assurance that it has been possible to translate into action the great ideals for which America has striven.\" 1918 State of the Union Address The 1918 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson,","psg_id":"18182914"},{"title":"1982 State of the Union Address","text":"1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 40 minutes and 14 seconds and contained 5154 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The speech was the first to acknowledge a special guest, Lenny Skutnik. Taking the place of Supreme Court Justice Byron White was retired Justice Potter Stewart. The Democratic Party response","psg_id":"16552154"},{"title":"1992 State of the Union Address","text":"1992 State of the Union Address The 1992 State of the Union address was a speech given by President George H. W. Bush to a joint session of the 102nd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 28, 1992. This was the last State of the Union address by President Bush, who lost his re-election bid to Bill Clinton in the 1992 election. The president discussed the collapse of the Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, military spending cuts, nuclear disarmament, economic recovery (high unemployment remained from the early 1990s recession), several types of tax cuts and credits, and controlling government spending.","psg_id":"14164807"},{"title":"1992 State of the Union Address","text":"1992 State of the Union Address The 1992 State of the Union address was a speech given by President George H. W. Bush to a joint session of the 102nd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 28, 1992. This was the last State of the Union address by President Bush, who lost his re-election bid to Bill Clinton in the 1992 election. The president discussed the collapse of the Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, military spending cuts, nuclear disarmament, economic recovery (high unemployment remained from the early 1990s recession), several types of tax cuts and credits, and controlling government spending.","psg_id":"14164805"},{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"45.6 million viewers. There were also 21 million interactions regarding the Address on social media. of the United States Constitution states that the president \"shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\" On November 30, 2017, Speaker of the House Paul Ryan sent an invitation to the President to deliver a \"State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on January 30, 2018, in the House Chamber.\" The speech was Trump's first State of the","psg_id":"20520668"},{"title":"1983 State of the Union Address","text":"Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Rep. George Miller (CA), Rep. Les AuCoin (OR), Rep. Paul Simon (IL), Rep. Timothy Wirth (CO), and Rep. Bill Hefner (NC). 1983 State of the Union Address The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted approximately 46 minutes and contained 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was","psg_id":"16553243"},{"title":"1983 State of the Union Address","text":"1983 State of the Union Address The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted approximately 46 minutes and contained 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Paul Tsongas (MA), Senator Bill Bradley (NJ), Senator Joe Biden (DE), Rep. Tom Daschle (SD), Rep. Barbara Kennelly (CT), House","psg_id":"16553242"},{"title":"1984 State of the Union Address","text":"1984 State of the Union Address The 1984 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1984. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 43 minutes and 2 seconds and contained 4931 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Joe Biden (DE), Sen. David Boren (OK), Senator Carl M. Levin (MI), Senator Max S. Baucus (MT), Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Claiborne","psg_id":"16541427"},{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"of Kayla Cuevas, who was murdered on Long Island in 2016 by MS-13 gang members, said the White House invited her to attend the State of the Union Address. White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders named several people on January 29 who would attend the address. Among those who were named was a police officer who adopted a baby born to a homeless woman addicted to heroin. Ji Seong-ho, a North Korean defector was invited to the address. On January 17, U.S. Representative Sean Duffy invited U.S. Army veteran Ricky Taylor, better known by his Twitter username as \"Deplorable","psg_id":"20520684"},{"title":"1996 State of the Union Address","text":"1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 23, 1996. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton's first term. This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget. President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that \"the era of big government is over,\" and continued, \"but we cannot go back to the time when","psg_id":"14169048"},{"title":"2002 State of the Union Address","text":"2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as he delivered his first State of the Union address. The speech covered the effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year and Bush's plans to prevent future terrorist attacks upon the United States. Bush gave a progress report on the","psg_id":"9847671"},{"title":"1998 State of the Union Address","text":"1998 State of the Union Address The 1998 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1998. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. President Clinton discussed the federal budget, taxes and focused on the budget deficit, then at $10 billion. The president also discussed education, foreign relations, science funding, development, space travel and the Internet. In the speech, the president acknowledged the deaths of Representatives Walter Capps and Sonny Bono. The speech lasted 1:16:43","psg_id":"14169026"},{"title":"2007 State of the Union Address","text":"policies on the economy, education, and foreign policy, which he referred to as \"foreign military adventurism.\" \"The Wall Street Journal\" reported in an article the following Thursday that conservatives were upset and felt abandoned by Bush's shifts on immigration and health care, and quoted a high-ranking official with the American Conservative Union saying that \"the president left a lot of conservatives shaking their heads\". 2007 State of the Union Address The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was","psg_id":"9472534"},{"title":"1945 State of the Union Address","text":"1945 State of the Union Address The 1945 State of the Union Address was given to the 79th United States Congress on Saturday, January 6, 1945, by the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was given in the year he died. It was given during the final year of World War II. He stated, \"In considering the State of the Union, the war and the peace that is to follow are naturally uppermost in the minds of all of us. This war must be waged--it is being waged--with the greatest and most persistent intensity. Everything we","psg_id":"18203330"},{"title":"1986 State of the Union Address","text":"1986 State of the Union Address The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress in the House Chamber of the Capitol at 8:04 p.m. on Tuesday, February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Economic growth, increased job opportunities, and falling inflation rates were among some of the key issues discussed in this address. Reagan advocated for both an increase in national defense and a reevaluation of the federal budget, arguing the importance of national","psg_id":"16520113"},{"title":"1946 State of the Union Address","text":"It is the purpose of the Government of the United States to proceed as rapidly as is practicable toward the restoration of the sovereignty of Korea and the establishment of a democratic government by the free choice of the people of Korea.\" The Cold War was just beginning. 1946 State of the Union Address The 1946 State of the Union Address was given by the 33rd President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, on Monday, January 21, 1946, to the 79th United States Congress. He stated, \"At Moscow the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Great","psg_id":"18203314"},{"title":"2008 State of the Union Address","text":"2008 State of the Union Address The 2008 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Monday, January 28, 2008, at 9:00 p.m. EST to a joint session of Congress. It was the last State of the Union Address of Bush's presidency. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. Sitting behind the president were the presiding officers of the United States Senate, Vice President Dick Cheney, and the United States House of Representatives, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. The White House indicated beforehand","psg_id":"11430332"},{"title":"1982 State of the Union Address","text":"was delivered by Senator Donald Riegle (MI), Senator James Sasser (TN), Rep. Albert Gore Jr. (TN), Senator Robert Byrd (W.Va), Senator Edward Kennedy (MA), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Senator Gary Hart (CO), Senator Paul Sarbanes (MD), Senator J. Bennett Johnston (LA), and Senator Alan Cranston (CA). 1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech","psg_id":"16552155"},{"title":"1994 State of the Union Address","text":"1994 State of the Union Address The 1994 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 103rd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1994. The speech was Clinton's first official State of the Union address, although he had similarly addressed a joint session of Congress a year prior shortly after taking office. The president discussed the federal budget deficit, taxes, defense spending, crime, foreign affairs, education, the economy, free trade, the role of government, campaign finance reform, welfare reform, and promoting the Clinton health care plan. President Clinton threatened to","psg_id":"14164726"},{"title":"Member state of the European Union","text":"to join as if it were a new country applying from scratch. However, other studies claim internal enlargement is legally viable if, in case of a member state dissolution or secession, the resulting states are \"all\" considered successor states. There is also a European Citizens' Initiative that aims at guaranteeing the continuity of rights and obligations of the European citizens belonging to a new state arising from the democratic secession of a European Union member state. There is no provision to expel a member state, but provides for the suspension of certain rights. Introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam, Article","psg_id":"10124919"},{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"the most famous names in American politics. Joe Kennedy III is the second member of his family to give the Democratic response after his great uncle Ted Kennedy gave one to the 1982 State of the Union Address. It was announced on January 29 that Kennedy would be giving the Democratic response from Diman Regional Vocational Technical High School in Fall River, Massachusetts. Nicholas Sarwark, the chairman of the Libertarian National Committee, gave the Libertarian Party response to the State of the Union Address. Additionally, Libertarian 2020 presidential candidate Adam Kokesh gave a response to the State of the Union","psg_id":"20520692"},{"title":"2018 State of the Union Address","text":"on January 28 that he would be boycotting, saying, \"I cannot give this man, who does not respect me, the respect to be in that audience.\" The spokesperson for Representative Albio Sires said, \"The congressman is not attending the State of the Union because many of his constituents are offended by the president's rhetoric and behavior.\" On January 29, Representatives Bobby Rush and Danny Davis announced they were boycotting the address. Actor Mark Ruffalo, other stars, and members of \"the resistance movement\" hosted a \"People's State of the Union\" on January 29, saying, \"In essence, it's a better reflection of","psg_id":"20520681"},{"title":"State of the Union","text":"Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County in Nashville, Tennessee gives a speech similar called the State of Metro Address. Some university presidents give a State of the University address at the beginning of every academic term. Private companies usually have a \"State of the Corporation\" or \"State of the Company\" address given by the respective CEO. The State of the Union model has also been adopted by the European Union, and in France since the presidency of Emmanuel Macron. Television ratings for recent State of the Union Addresses were: State of the Union The State of","psg_id":"476454"},{"title":"1865 State of the Union Address","text":"he brought the civil war substantially to a close; that his loss was deplored in all parts of the Union, and that foreign nations have rendered justice to his memory.\" The American Civil War had ended, and now it was time for the Reconstruction era to begin. 1865 State of the Union Address The 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th President of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was presented to the United States Congress on Monday, December 4, 1865. He stated, \"Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an","psg_id":"18203122"},{"title":"State Anthem of the Soviet Union","text":"State Anthem of the Soviet Union The \"State Anthem of the Soviet Union\" (), also unofficially known as \"Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye\" () was the official national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the state anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing \"The Internationale\". The lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with Gabriel El-Registan (1899–1945) and the music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946). Although the USSR was dissolved in 1991, the melody of its national anthem continues to be used in the national anthem of the","psg_id":"2007476"},{"title":"2003 State of the Union Address","text":"2003 State of the Union Address The 2003 State of the Union Address was a speech delivered by U.S. President George W. Bush, the 43rd United States President, on Tuesday, January 28, 2003. It outlined justifications for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It began his discussion of the \"war on terror\" by asserting, as he had before September 11, 2001, that \"the gravest danger facing America and the world, is outlaw regimes that seek and possess nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.\" Saddam Hussein was the worst, and \"a brutal dictator, with a history of reckless aggression, with ties to terrorism,","psg_id":"2547783"},{"title":"State Emblem of the Soviet Union","text":"State Emblem of the Soviet Union The State Emblem of the Soviet Union () was adopted in 1923 and was used until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Although it technically is an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not follow traditional heraldic rules, in Russian it is called (), the word used for a traditional coat of arms. It was the first state insignia created in the style known as socialist heraldry, a style also seen in emblems of other socialist countries such as the emblem of the People's Republic of China. In","psg_id":"17360140"},{"title":"2007 State of the Union Address","text":"2007 State of the Union Address The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was given in front of a joint session of Congress, presided over by Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi and Vice President Dick Cheney in his capacity as President of the Senate. It was the first address to a Democratic-controlled Congress since 1994. Furthermore, the speech marked the second time that a Democrat sat behind President Bush during a joint session of Congress","psg_id":"9472522"},{"title":"2002 State of the Union Address","text":"Marine Michael Spann, was present and her story mentioned in the president's speech. Flight attendants Hermis Moutardier and Christina Jones were present and commended by the president. There were twenty other citizens invited to the speech on the First Lady's guest list. 2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as","psg_id":"9847687"},{"title":"2004 State of the Union Address","text":"harbors across the country to increase civil liberties, something which President Bush opposed. The tax cuts that the President had made were heavily opposed by Democrats, as well. They also said that the President did not hold up his end of the deal in the No Child Left Behind Act. 2004 State of the Union Address The 2004 State of the Union Address was a speech given by President of the United States George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 20, 2004, to a joint session of the United States Congress. This address was the last of President Bush's first term.","psg_id":"9580383"},{"title":"1952 State of the Union Address","text":"have no choice except to build up our defenses.\" 1952 State of the Union Address The 1952 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 9, 1952. It was given to both houses of the 82nd United States Congress at the same time. In it, he said these words: \"If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a","psg_id":"18154295"},{"title":"1952 State of the Union Address","text":"1952 State of the Union Address The 1952 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 9, 1952. It was given to both houses of the 82nd United States Congress at the same time. In it, he said these words: \"If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a sound disarmament proposal, and joins in peaceful settlements, we","psg_id":"18154294"},{"title":"1960 State of the Union Address","text":"day achieve the unity in freedom to which all men have aspired from the dawn of time. 1960 State of the Union Address The 1960 State of the Union Address was given on Thursday, January 7, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 86th United States Congress. He said, \"We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.\" It was the height of the Cold War, and both the Soviet Union and the United States","psg_id":"18171991"},{"title":"1960 State of the Union Address","text":"1960 State of the Union Address The 1960 State of the Union Address was given on Thursday, January 7, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 86th United States Congress. He said, \"We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.\" It was the height of the Cold War, and both the Soviet Union and the United States had a responsibility to the world. So dedicated, and with faith in the Almighty, humanity shall one","psg_id":"18171990"},{"title":"2000 State of the Union Address","text":"2000 State of the Union Address The 2000 State of the Union address was given by U.S. President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 106th United States Congress on January 27, 2000. Clinton began the speech by saying, \"We are fortunate to be alive at this moment in history. Never before has our nation enjoyed, at once, so much prosperity and social progress with so little internal crisis or so few external threats. Never before have we had such a blessed opportunity and, therefore, such a profound obligation to build the more perfect union of our founders' dreams.\"","psg_id":"11517787"},{"title":"1974 State of the Union Address","text":"1974 State of the Union Address The 1974 State of the Union Address was given to the 93rd United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 30, 1974, by Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States. He said, \"We meet here tonight at a time of great challenge and great opportunities for America. We meet at a time when we face great problems at home and abroad that will test the strength of our fiber as a nation. But we also meet at a time when that fiber has been tested, and it has proved strong. \"America is a great","psg_id":"18202849"},{"title":"1946 State of the Union Address","text":"1946 State of the Union Address The 1946 State of the Union Address was given by the 33rd President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, on Monday, January 21, 1946, to the 79th United States Congress. He stated, \"At Moscow the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Great Britain agreed to further this development by supporting the efforts of the national government and nongovernmental Chinese political elements in bringing about cessation of civil strife and in broadening the basis of representation in the Government. That is the policy which General Marshall is so ably executing today.","psg_id":"18203313"},{"title":"1832 State of the Union Address","text":"ended with, \"Limited to a general superintending power to maintain peace at home and abroad, and to prescribe laws on a few subjects of general interest not calculated to restrict human liberty, but to enforce human rights, this Government will find its strength and its glory in the faithful discharge of these plain and simple duties.\" 1832 State of the Union Address The 1832 State of the Union Address was written by Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States. It was delivered to the 22nd United States Congress by a clerk on Tuesday, December 4, 1832. He said,","psg_id":"18182619"},{"title":"1865 State of the Union Address","text":"1865 State of the Union Address The 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th President of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was presented to the United States Congress on Monday, December 4, 1865. He stated, \"Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an act of parricidal treason. The grief of the nation is still fresh. It finds some solace in the consideration that he lived to enjoy the highest proof of its confidence by entering on the renewed term of the Chief Magistracy to which he had been elected; that","psg_id":"18203121"},{"title":"2014 State of the Union Address","text":"divisions. 2014 State of the Union Address The 2014 State of the Union Address was given by President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 28, 2014, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 113th United States Congress, and the Senate was present. According to tradition, House Speaker John Boehner invited the president on December 13 to address a joint session of Congress. White House Press Secretary Jay Carney confirmed the president's attendance later that day. Obama promised to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for federal contractors and to work with states, local","psg_id":"17732473"},{"title":"2014 State of the Union Address","text":"2014 State of the Union Address The 2014 State of the Union Address was given by President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 28, 2014, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 113th United States Congress, and the Senate was present. According to tradition, House Speaker John Boehner invited the president on December 13 to address a joint session of Congress. White House Press Secretary Jay Carney confirmed the president's attendance later that day. Obama promised to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for federal contractors and to work with states, local governments,","psg_id":"17732470"},{"title":"2002 State of the Union Address","text":"1790, State of the Union addresses have been given once a year. They were given originally as written reports, but are now given as verbal orations before a formal audience, with the U.S. president addressing joint sessions of the U.S. Congress at the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C., with the U.S. Vice President and U.S. Speaker of the House of Representatives sitting on a podium behind the president. As the U.S. president, Bush gave the 2002 State of the Union Address on January 29, 2002. He addressed a joint session of the 107th U.S. Congress and special guests, as","psg_id":"9847674"},{"title":"1830 State of the Union Address","text":"Indian Removal Act, \"With a full understanding of the subject, the Choctaw and the Chickasaw tribes have with great unanimity determined to avail themselves of the liberal offers presented by the act of Congress, and have agreed to remove beyond the Mississippi River.\" 1830 State of the Union Address The 1830 State of the Union Address was given by the seventh United States president, Andrew Jackson on Tuesday, December 6, 1830, to both houses of the United States Congress. He said, \"What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our","psg_id":"18180731"},{"title":"1920 State of the Union Address","text":"1920 State of the Union Address The 1920 State of the Union Address was written by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 7, 1920. It was his last address to both houses of the 66th United States Congress. Warren Harding would become president on Friday, March 4, 1921. He said, \"By this faith, and by this faith alone, can the world be lifted out of its present confusion and despair. It was this faith which prevailed over the wicked force of Germany. You will remember that the beginning of the end of the war","psg_id":"18170873"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the Democratic Party's response in English and Spanish respectively. The Address was watched by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520667\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"lowest net positive rating since CNN first began asking the question in 1998. 2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"45th Arizona State Legislature\",\n \"text\": \"30, 2002 and adjourned \\\"sine die\\\" August 1; the sixth and final special session convened and adjourned on November 25, 2002. The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. 45th Arizona State Legislature The 45th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002, during the final two years of Jane Dee Hull's first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21010081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union\",\n \"text\": \"report. Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a \\\"State of the Union\\\". What began as a communication between president and Congress has become in effect a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"476433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1877 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"the country lately embroiled in civil war are fully enjoyed.\\\" He gave this address right after troops were withdrawn from the South. The Reconstruction Era ended in March 1877, and the Southern United States were freed from Republican control. 1877 State of the Union Address The 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th President, Rutherford B. Hayes. It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said, \\\"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice. Instances of remaining lawlessness\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18164802\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1877 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1877 State of the Union Address The 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th President, Rutherford B. Hayes. It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said, \\\"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice. Instances of remaining lawlessness have become of rare occurrence; political turmoil and turbulence have disappeared; useful industries have been resumed; public credit in the Southern States has been greatly strengthened, and the encouraging benefits of a revival of commerce between the sections of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18164801\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"often conflated. What happened is that President Clinton simply referenced the September 1993 incident. 1994 State of the Union Address The 1994 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 103rd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1994. The speech was Clinton's first official State of the Union address, although he had similarly addressed a joint session of Congress a year prior shortly after taking office. The president discussed the federal budget deficit, taxes, defense spending, crime, foreign affairs, education, the economy, free trade, the role of government, campaign finance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14164730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1939 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the 76th United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 4, 1939, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd United States President. Foreseeing World War II, he said, \\\"In Reporting on the state of the nation, I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our own house in order in the face of storm signals from across the seas. As this Seventy-sixth Congress opens there is need for further warning. A war which threatened\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18177322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union\",\n \"text\": \"of this \\\"State of the Union Clause\\\" of the Constitution is not specific, since the 1930s, the President makes this report annually in late January or early February. Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3, and as late as February 12. While not required to deliver a speech, every president since Woodrow Wilson, with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover, has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress. Before that time, most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written\",\n \"psg_id\": \"476432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union (European Union)\",\n \"text\": \"State of the Union (European Union) The State of the Union address, also known as the State of the European Union, or SOTEU is the annual speech addressed by the President of the European Commission to the European Parliament plenary session in September. The State of the Union address of the European Union has been instituted by the Lisbon Treaty (with the 2010 Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission - Annex IV(5)), in order to make political life of the Union more democratic and transparent than it hitherto was. The Framework Agreement thus also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14909391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"45th New York State Legislature\",\n \"text\": \"more of the abovementioned counties. The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature. 45th New York State Legislature The 45th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 17, 1822, during the fifth year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany. Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, amended by the Constitutional Convention of 1801, 32 Senators were elected on general tickets in the four senatorial districts for four-year terms. They were divided into four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16031120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1939 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"to envelop the world in flames has been averted; but it has become increasingly clear that world peace is not assured.\\\" In September 1939, the War in Europe began. 1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the 76th United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 4, 1939, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd United States President. Foreseeing World War II, he said, \\\"In Reporting on the state of the nation, I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18177323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"45th Arizona State Legislature\",\n \"text\": \"45th Arizona State Legislature The 45th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002, during the final two years of Jane Dee Hull's first full term in office. Both the Senate and the House membership remained constant at 30 and 60, respectively. The Republicans lost a seat in the Senate, creating a 15-15 balance with the Democrats. The Republicans lost five seats in the House, maintaining their majority in the lower chamber, 35–25. The Legislature met for two regular sessions at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21010079\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union (European Union)\",\n \"text\": \"2014. He also acknowledged the need for \\\"a serious discussion between the citizens of Europe about the way forward,\\\" calling in particular on all pro-European forces to be mobilised against the anti-European agenda of \\\"the populists and the nationalists.\\\" 9 September 2015 marked the first address held by Jean-Claude Juncker. It was titled \\\"Time for honesty, unity and solidarity\\\" and opened with the \\\"imperative to act as a union\\\" in order to address the refugee crisis. State of the Union (European Union) The State of the Union address, also known as the State of the European Union, or SOTEU is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14909394\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"45th New York State Legislature\",\n \"text\": \"45th New York State Legislature The 45th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 2 to April 17, 1822, during the fifth year of DeWitt Clinton's governorship, in Albany. Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, amended by the Constitutional Convention of 1801, 32 Senators were elected on general tickets in the four senatorial districts for four-year terms. They were divided into four classes, and every year eight Senate seats came up for election. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16031113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1970 State of the Union Address The 1970 State of the Union Address was given by Richard Nixon, the 37th United States President, on January 22, 1970, to both houses of the 91st United States Congress. He said, \\\"I say this not only because 1970 marks the beginning of a new decade in which America will celebrate its 200th birthday. The seventies will be a time of new beginnings, a time of exploring both on the earth and in the heavens, a time of discovery. But the time has also come for emphasis on developing better ways of managing what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18202765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Response to the State of the Union address\",\n \"text\": \"Union addresses, there have been five official responses to non–State of the Union speeches which were delivered soon after presidential inaugurations. Response to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14257127\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1955 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"ends through aggression.\\\" He is referring to what seemed to be the high likelihood of nuclear warfare of the time. He ended with, \\\"And so, I know with all my heart--and I deeply believe that all Americans know--that, despite the anxieties of this divided world, our faith, and the cause in which we all believe, will surely prevail.\\\" This address was given in his first term (1953-1957), in Washington, D.C. 1955 State of the Union Address The 1955 State of the Union Address was given by the 34th President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, on Thursday, January 6,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18157677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2016 State of the Union Address The 2016 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 12, 2016, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. It was the first State of the Union address with Paul Ryan as Speaker of the House of Representatives. It was the last State of the Union Address of Obama's presidency; no U.S. president since Gerald Ford has given a final State of the Union address at the end of his term. Obama's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19081569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1997 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"of high school students sponsored by the Close Up Foundation. Dan Glickman, the Secretary of Agriculture, served as the designated survivor. The speech was broadcast live on television and radio and lasted 1:04:21 and consisted of 6,774 words. This was the first State of the Union Address carried live on the Internet. 1997 State of the Union Address The 1997 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, February 4, 1997. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Clinton's second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13094031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1950 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1950 State of the Union Address The 1950 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 4, 1950. He spoke to the 81st United States Congress, to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. It was a joint session, and the 160th address given. He said, \\\"Our aim for a peaceful, democratic world of free peoples will be achieved in the long run, not by force of arms, but by an appeal to the minds and hearts of men.\\\" He also said, \\\"Our\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18152981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1950 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security System should be developed into the main reliance of our people for basic protection against the economic hazards of old-age, unemployment, and illness.\\\" 1950 State of the Union Address The 1950 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 4, 1950. He spoke to the 81st United States Congress, to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. It was a joint session, and the 160th address given. He said, \\\"Our aim for a peaceful, democratic world of free peoples will be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18152982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1999 State of the Union Address The 1999 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 106th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 19, 1999. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. This was the first State of the Union address with Dennis Hastert as Speaker of the House of Representatives. President Clinton discussed the economy, the federal budget, taxes and focused on the budget surplus, then at $70 billion. The president also discussed the future of Social Security, education, foreign relations and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14169012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1980 State of the Union Address The 1980 State of the Union address was given by President Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 96th United States Congress on Monday, January 21, 1980. He addressed the Iran Hostage Crisis and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: \\\"At this time in Iran, 50 Americans are still held captive, innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy. Also at this moment, massive Soviet troops are attempting to subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan.\\\" The speech lasted 32 minutes and 4 seconds. and contained\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16809744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"address. On January 25, 2018, the Green Party issued a press release stating that it would stream an online response to the State of the Union Address, featuring Jill Stein and Ajamu Baraka, the 2016 presidential and vice presidential nominees respectively. It was announced on January 26, 2018, that Maxine Waters would be on the BET program, \\\"Angela Rye's State of the Union\\\", after the State of the Union Address to address the country. On January 29, the office of Senator Bernie Sanders, an independent, announced that he would be giving his own response to the address. Alt-right figures supported\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address\",\n \"text\": \"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address The response to the 2006 State of the Union Address was delivered by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine on January 31, 2006, after United States President George W. Bush delivered his 2006 State of the Union address. The theme of Kaine's speech, \\\"\\\"A Better Way\\\",\\\" advocates the Democratic Party's policies and states' rights. Kaine delivered the speech from Virginia's historic Executive Mansion in Richmond and the speech was televised nationwide. Kaine begins his speech by recalling his work as a Catholic missionary in Honduras where he learned the value of measuring one's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7050636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"response in Spanish. Libertarian Party Chair William Redpath issued a written response to the State of the Union on behalf of the national Libertarian Party. Steve Kubby, a candidate for the Libertarian Party's 2008 presidential nomination, delivered his own \\\"State of the Union address\\\" via Internet video on January 25, 2008, three days before President Bush's speech. Framed as a preemption rather than merely a response, Kubby's speech attempted to predict the themes President Bush would strike and offered Kubby's own proposals in their stead. 2008 State of the Union Address The 2008 State of the Union address was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11430334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union\",\n \"text\": \"their coverage of a State of the Union address. Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson, this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by, among others, Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman. Ronald Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed. He had planned to deliver it on January 28, 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle \\\"Challenger\\\" disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day's events. Bill Clinton's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web. A formal invitation is made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"476439\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2000 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Clinton discussed many topics in the address, including education, health care, crime, the global economy, technology, and the environment. It was Clinton's last State of the Union address. He left office on January 20, 2001. It was also the longest State of the Union address in recorded history at 1:29. This State of the Union address is notable for being the first since Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address that all 9 members of the Supreme Court were absent. It is speculated that their absence was due to Clinton's recent impeachment. 2000 State of the Union Address The 2000\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11517788\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1790 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1790 State of the Union Address This State of the Union Address was given on Friday, January 8, 1790, during the term of George Washington. It was the first annual address given by a president. It was given in New York City. The first President felt, “great satisfaction from a cooperation with you in the pleasing though arduous task of insuring to our fellow citizens the blessings which they have a right to expect from a free, efficient, and equal government.” [1] This State of the Union Address was given on Friday, January 8, 1790, by President George Washington. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18155990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union (TV program)\",\n \"text\": \"the program's newest host. State of the Union (TV program) State of the Union, branded as State of the Union with Jake Tapper, is an American Sunday talk show and political discussion television program hosted by Jake Tapper on CNN and broadcast around the world by CNN International. It has been broadcast since its debut in January 2009. The program is broadcast from 9:00am to 10:00am ET, with a replay at noon to 1:00pm ET from CNN's studios in Washington D.C. The program premiered on January 18, 2009, originally with John King as host, and aired from 9:00am to 1:00pm\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12909533\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union (TV program)\",\n \"text\": \"State of the Union (TV program) State of the Union, branded as State of the Union with Jake Tapper, is an American Sunday talk show and political discussion television program hosted by Jake Tapper on CNN and broadcast around the world by CNN International. It has been broadcast since its debut in January 2009. The program is broadcast from 9:00am to 10:00am ET, with a replay at noon to 1:00pm ET from CNN's studios in Washington D.C. The program premiered on January 18, 2009, originally with John King as host, and aired from 9:00am to 1:00pm ET (though only the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12909530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2010 State of the Union Address The 2010 State of the Union Address was given by United States President Barack Obama on January 27, 2010, to a joint session of Congress. It was aired on all the major networks starting at 9 pm ET. It was Obama's first State of the Union Address, though the president did give a non-State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress a month after taking office in 2009. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. The presiding officers of the Senate and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13757532\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State Council of the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"State Council of the Soviet Union Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union Republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14995976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Response to the State of the Union address\",\n \"text\": \"Response to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to offer a response to the address by Democratic President Lyndon Johnson. The opposition party's response has varied in format, ranging from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14257125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"of Agriculture, served as the designated survivor. 1987 State of the Union Address The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, starting out with congratulations to the historic 100th Congress. Progressing to the Afghanistan situation, he says: \\\"The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16543626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1975 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1975 State of the Union Address The 1975 State of the Union address was given by President Gerald Ford to a joint session of the 94th United States Congress on January 15, 1975. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Ford's tenure as president. The president discussed the national debt, taxes, the federal budget and the energy crisis. The speech lasted 41:00 and consisted of 4,126 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and the Speaker of the House Carl\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14164951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1975 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Albert of Oklahoma. 1975 State of the Union Address The 1975 State of the Union address was given by President Gerald Ford to a joint session of the 94th United States Congress on January 15, 1975. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Ford's tenure as president. The president discussed the national debt, taxes, the federal budget and the energy crisis. The speech lasted 41:00 and consisted of 4,126 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and the Speaker of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14164952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"and consisted of 7,303 words. The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi. William Daley, the Secretary of Commerce, served as the designated survivor. 1998 State of the Union Address The 1998 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1998. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. President Clinton discussed the federal budget, taxes and focused on the budget deficit, then at $10 billion. The president also discussed education, foreign\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14169027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address\",\n \"text\": \"the response to the 2008 State of the Union address. Webb's election over incumbent Senator George Allen in the 2006 Virginia Senate election tipped control of the United States Senate to the Democratic Party for the first time in four years and, with the election of a Democratic majority in the US House of Representatives, resulted in the first Democratic-controlled Congress in twelve years. Democratic response to 2006 State of the Union address The response to the 2006 State of the Union Address was delivered by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine on January 31, 2006, after United States President George W.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7050646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1914 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"of our thought and the fruits of our character,-this is what will hold our attention and our enthusiasm steadily, now and in the years to come, as we strive to show in our life as a nation what liberty and the inspirations of an emancipated spirit may do for men and for societies, for individuals, for states, and for mankind.\\\" 1914 State of the Union Address The 1914 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th United States President, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 8, 1914, to both houses of 63rd United States Congress. He concluded it with,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18175793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State Council of the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"from his post as IEC Chairman. and the Soviet Union was formally dissolved by the Council of Republics. State Council of the Soviet Union Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14995981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Response to the State of the Union address\",\n \"text\": \"a prerecorded 45-minute TV program in 1970 to a call-in show in 1972 where a panel of congressmen answered unrehearsed questions from callers. Since the late 1980s, it usually has been a televised speech given soon after the State of the Union address. Three people have given both a response and a State of the Union address: Democrat Bill Clinton and Republicans Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush. First organized, televised response to a presidential State of the Union message<br>Denotes prerecorded program<br>Randomly selected Democratic voters participated in this televised discussion In addition to responses to official State of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14257126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"deeds are a contradiction. President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past.\\\" Donna Shalala, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, served as the designated survivor. 1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 23, 1996. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton's first term. This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14169050\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Union State\",\n \"text\": \"to be stalled, as President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus stated: \\\"The Russian leadership is demanding that we join the Russian Federation—that's what is in the heads of the Russian leadership. I don't want to bury the sovereignty and independence of [Belarus].\\\" He added: \\\"From all the consultations and discussions, I have understood that we have different approaches and understandings of the building of a union state\\\", and opposed \\\"the possibility of the incorporation into Russia [of Belarus]\\\". However, on 19 October 2007, Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov announced that the budget of the Union State \\\"will grow by no less\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3524458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia and Speaker of the House Jim Wright of Texas. 1988 State of the Union Address The 1988 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Monday, January 25, 1988. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor. President Reagan began by announcing that his speech would not be a litany of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1988 State of the Union Address The 1988 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Monday, January 25, 1988. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor. President Reagan began by announcing that his speech would not be a litany of achievements over the past seven years of his administration, but that he would continue to propose policy initiatives. He outlined the following objectives: Reagan discussed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14175315\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Pell (RI), Senator Walter Huddleston (KY), Rep. Dante B. Fascell (FL), Rep. Tom Harkin (IA), Rep. William Gray (PA), House Speaker Thomas O’Neill (MA), and Rep. Barbara Boxer (CA). Samuel Pierce, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, served as the designated survivor. 1984 State of the Union Address The 1984 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1984. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 43 minutes and 2 seconds and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16541428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union (2019 TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"State of the Union (2019 TV series) State of the Union is an upcoming American comedy television series set to premiere on SundanceTV. \\\"State of the Union\\\" follows \\\"Louise and Tom who meet in a pub immediately before their weekly marital therapy session. Each episode pieces together how their lives were, what drew them together and what has started to pull them apart.\\\" On July 13, 2018, it was announced that SundanceTV had given the production a series order consisting of ten episodes running around ten minutes each. The series is expected to be written by Nick Hornby and directed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20806328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1974 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"and good land, and we are a great and good land because we are a strong, free, creative people and because America is the single greatest force for peace anywhere in the world. Today, as always in our history, we can base our confidence in what the American people will achieve in the future on the record of what the American people have achieved in the past.\\\" It was given in the same year America withdrew all assistance from South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. 1974 State of the Union Address The 1974 State of the Union Address was given\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18202850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union\",\n \"text\": \"generally accepted name since 1947. Prior to 1934, the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year, in December. The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23, 1933, changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January, affecting the delivery of the annual message. Since 1934, the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February. The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term. In years when a new president is inaugurated, the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message, but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"476436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2015 State of the Union Address The 2015 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President, Barack Obama, on Tuesday, January 20, 2015, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. Following recent tradition, Speaker of the House John Boehner sent a letter on December 19, 2014, formally inviting President Obama to speak (despite a proposal from some conservatives that House Republicans withhold the invitation in retaliation for Obama's executive actions on immigration reform). It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. The State of the Union Address was broadcast on various\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18376760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1987 State of the Union Address The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, starting out with congratulations to the historic 100th Congress. Progressing to the Afghanistan situation, he says: \\\"The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We are ready to support a political solution\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16543624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1997 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1997 State of the Union Address The 1997 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, February 4, 1997. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. President Clinton discussed numerous topics in the address, including the environment, the International Space Station, welfare, crime and relations with NATO and China. The president also focused on a \\\"detailed plan to balance the budget by 2002\\\". The Republican Party response was delivered by Oklahoma congressman J. C. Watts in front\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13094030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1918 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"By the end of 1918, America had won the peace, and World War I was over. He said, \\\"And throughout it all how fine the spirit of the nation was: what unity of purpose, what untiring zeal!\\\" He ended with, \\\"I shall make my absence as brief as possible and shall hope to return with the happy assurance that it has been possible to translate into action the great ideals for which America has striven.\\\" 1918 State of the Union Address The 1918 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18182914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1982 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 40 minutes and 14 seconds and contained 5154 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The speech was the first to acknowledge a special guest, Lenny Skutnik. Taking the place of Supreme Court Justice Byron White was retired Justice Potter Stewart. The Democratic Party response\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16552154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1992 State of the Union Address The 1992 State of the Union address was a speech given by President George H. W. Bush to a joint session of the 102nd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 28, 1992. This was the last State of the Union address by President Bush, who lost his re-election bid to Bill Clinton in the 1992 election. The president discussed the collapse of the Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, military spending cuts, nuclear disarmament, economic recovery (high unemployment remained from the early 1990s recession), several types of tax cuts and credits, and controlling government spending.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14164807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1992 State of the Union Address The 1992 State of the Union address was a speech given by President George H. W. Bush to a joint session of the 102nd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 28, 1992. This was the last State of the Union address by President Bush, who lost his re-election bid to Bill Clinton in the 1992 election. The president discussed the collapse of the Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, military spending cuts, nuclear disarmament, economic recovery (high unemployment remained from the early 1990s recession), several types of tax cuts and credits, and controlling government spending.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14164805\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"45.6 million viewers. There were also 21 million interactions regarding the Address on social media. of the United States Constitution states that the president \\\"shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\\\" On November 30, 2017, Speaker of the House Paul Ryan sent an invitation to the President to deliver a \\\"State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on January 30, 2018, in the House Chamber.\\\" The speech was Trump's first State of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Rep. George Miller (CA), Rep. Les AuCoin (OR), Rep. Paul Simon (IL), Rep. Timothy Wirth (CO), and Rep. Bill Hefner (NC). 1983 State of the Union Address The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted approximately 46 minutes and contained 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16553243\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1983 State of the Union Address The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted approximately 46 minutes and contained 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Paul Tsongas (MA), Senator Bill Bradley (NJ), Senator Joe Biden (DE), Rep. Tom Daschle (SD), Rep. Barbara Kennelly (CT), House\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16553242\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1984 State of the Union Address The 1984 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1984. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 43 minutes and 2 seconds and contained 4931 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Joe Biden (DE), Sen. David Boren (OK), Senator Carl M. Levin (MI), Senator Max S. Baucus (MT), Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Claiborne\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16541427\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"of Kayla Cuevas, who was murdered on Long Island in 2016 by MS-13 gang members, said the White House invited her to attend the State of the Union Address. White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders named several people on January 29 who would attend the address. Among those who were named was a police officer who adopted a baby born to a homeless woman addicted to heroin. Ji Seong-ho, a North Korean defector was invited to the address. On January 17, U.S. Representative Sean Duffy invited U.S. Army veteran Ricky Taylor, better known by his Twitter username as \\\"Deplorable\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520684\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 23, 1996. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton's first term. This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget. President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that \\\"the era of big government is over,\\\" and continued, \\\"but we cannot go back to the time when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14169048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as he delivered his first State of the Union address. The speech covered the effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year and Bush's plans to prevent future terrorist attacks upon the United States. Bush gave a progress report on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9847671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1998 State of the Union Address The 1998 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 105th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1998. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Clinton's second term. President Clinton discussed the federal budget, taxes and focused on the budget deficit, then at $10 billion. The president also discussed education, foreign relations, science funding, development, space travel and the Internet. In the speech, the president acknowledged the deaths of Representatives Walter Capps and Sonny Bono. The speech lasted 1:16:43\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14169026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"policies on the economy, education, and foreign policy, which he referred to as \\\"foreign military adventurism.\\\" \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\" reported in an article the following Thursday that conservatives were upset and felt abandoned by Bush's shifts on immigration and health care, and quoted a high-ranking official with the American Conservative Union saying that \\\"the president left a lot of conservatives shaking their heads\\\". 2007 State of the Union Address The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9472534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1945 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1945 State of the Union Address The 1945 State of the Union Address was given to the 79th United States Congress on Saturday, January 6, 1945, by the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was given in the year he died. It was given during the final year of World War II. He stated, \\\"In considering the State of the Union, the war and the peace that is to follow are naturally uppermost in the minds of all of us. This war must be waged--it is being waged--with the greatest and most persistent intensity. Everything we\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18203330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1986 State of the Union Address The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress in the House Chamber of the Capitol at 8:04 p.m. on Tuesday, February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Economic growth, increased job opportunities, and falling inflation rates were among some of the key issues discussed in this address. Reagan advocated for both an increase in national defense and a reevaluation of the federal budget, arguing the importance of national\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16520113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1946 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"It is the purpose of the Government of the United States to proceed as rapidly as is practicable toward the restoration of the sovereignty of Korea and the establishment of a democratic government by the free choice of the people of Korea.\\\" The Cold War was just beginning. 1946 State of the Union Address The 1946 State of the Union Address was given by the 33rd President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, on Monday, January 21, 1946, to the 79th United States Congress. He stated, \\\"At Moscow the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Great\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18203314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2008 State of the Union Address The 2008 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Monday, January 28, 2008, at 9:00 p.m. EST to a joint session of Congress. It was the last State of the Union Address of Bush's presidency. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. Sitting behind the president were the presiding officers of the United States Senate, Vice President Dick Cheney, and the United States House of Representatives, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. The White House indicated beforehand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11430332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1982 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"was delivered by Senator Donald Riegle (MI), Senator James Sasser (TN), Rep. Albert Gore Jr. (TN), Senator Robert Byrd (W.Va), Senator Edward Kennedy (MA), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Senator Gary Hart (CO), Senator Paul Sarbanes (MD), Senator J. Bennett Johnston (LA), and Senator Alan Cranston (CA). 1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16552155\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1994 State of the Union Address The 1994 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 103rd United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1994. The speech was Clinton's first official State of the Union address, although he had similarly addressed a joint session of Congress a year prior shortly after taking office. The president discussed the federal budget deficit, taxes, defense spending, crime, foreign affairs, education, the economy, free trade, the role of government, campaign finance reform, welfare reform, and promoting the Clinton health care plan. President Clinton threatened to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14164726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Member state of the European Union\",\n \"text\": \"to join as if it were a new country applying from scratch. However, other studies claim internal enlargement is legally viable if, in case of a member state dissolution or secession, the resulting states are \\\"all\\\" considered successor states. There is also a European Citizens' Initiative that aims at guaranteeing the continuity of rights and obligations of the European citizens belonging to a new state arising from the democratic secession of a European Union member state. There is no provision to expel a member state, but provides for the suspension of certain rights. Introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam, Article\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10124919\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"the most famous names in American politics. Joe Kennedy III is the second member of his family to give the Democratic response after his great uncle Ted Kennedy gave one to the 1982 State of the Union Address. It was announced on January 29 that Kennedy would be giving the Democratic response from Diman Regional Vocational Technical High School in Fall River, Massachusetts. Nicholas Sarwark, the chairman of the Libertarian National Committee, gave the Libertarian Party response to the State of the Union Address. Additionally, Libertarian 2020 presidential candidate Adam Kokesh gave a response to the State of the Union\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"on January 28 that he would be boycotting, saying, \\\"I cannot give this man, who does not respect me, the respect to be in that audience.\\\" The spokesperson for Representative Albio Sires said, \\\"The congressman is not attending the State of the Union because many of his constituents are offended by the president's rhetoric and behavior.\\\" On January 29, Representatives Bobby Rush and Danny Davis announced they were boycotting the address. Actor Mark Ruffalo, other stars, and members of \\\"the resistance movement\\\" hosted a \\\"People's State of the Union\\\" on January 29, saying, \\\"In essence, it's a better reflection of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20520681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State of the Union\",\n \"text\": \"Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County in Nashville, Tennessee gives a speech similar called the State of Metro Address. Some university presidents give a State of the University address at the beginning of every academic term. Private companies usually have a \\\"State of the Corporation\\\" or \\\"State of the Company\\\" address given by the respective CEO. The State of the Union model has also been adopted by the European Union, and in France since the presidency of Emmanuel Macron. Television ratings for recent State of the Union Addresses were: State of the Union The State of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"476454\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1865 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"he brought the civil war substantially to a close; that his loss was deplored in all parts of the Union, and that foreign nations have rendered justice to his memory.\\\" The American Civil War had ended, and now it was time for the Reconstruction era to begin. 1865 State of the Union Address The 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th President of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was presented to the United States Congress on Monday, December 4, 1865. He stated, \\\"Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18203122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State Anthem of the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"State Anthem of the Soviet Union The \\\"State Anthem of the Soviet Union\\\" (), also unofficially known as \\\"Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye\\\" () was the official national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the state anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing \\\"The Internationale\\\". The lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with Gabriel El-Registan (1899–1945) and the music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946). Although the USSR was dissolved in 1991, the melody of its national anthem continues to be used in the national anthem of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2007476\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2003 State of the Union Address The 2003 State of the Union Address was a speech delivered by U.S. President George W. Bush, the 43rd United States President, on Tuesday, January 28, 2003. It outlined justifications for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It began his discussion of the \\\"war on terror\\\" by asserting, as he had before September 11, 2001, that \\\"the gravest danger facing America and the world, is outlaw regimes that seek and possess nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.\\\" Saddam Hussein was the worst, and \\\"a brutal dictator, with a history of reckless aggression, with ties to terrorism,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2547783\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State Emblem of the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"State Emblem of the Soviet Union The State Emblem of the Soviet Union () was adopted in 1923 and was used until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Although it technically is an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not follow traditional heraldic rules, in Russian it is called (), the word used for a traditional coat of arms. It was the first state insignia created in the style known as socialist heraldry, a style also seen in emblems of other socialist countries such as the emblem of the People's Republic of China. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17360140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2007 State of the Union Address The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was given in front of a joint session of Congress, presided over by Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi and Vice President Dick Cheney in his capacity as President of the Senate. It was the first address to a Democratic-controlled Congress since 1994. Furthermore, the speech marked the second time that a Democrat sat behind President Bush during a joint session of Congress\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9472522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Marine Michael Spann, was present and her story mentioned in the president's speech. Flight attendants Hermis Moutardier and Christina Jones were present and commended by the president. There were twenty other citizens invited to the speech on the First Lady's guest list. 2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9847687\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2004 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"harbors across the country to increase civil liberties, something which President Bush opposed. The tax cuts that the President had made were heavily opposed by Democrats, as well. They also said that the President did not hold up his end of the deal in the No Child Left Behind Act. 2004 State of the Union Address The 2004 State of the Union Address was a speech given by President of the United States George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 20, 2004, to a joint session of the United States Congress. This address was the last of President Bush's first term.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9580383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1952 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"have no choice except to build up our defenses.\\\" 1952 State of the Union Address The 1952 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 9, 1952. It was given to both houses of the 82nd United States Congress at the same time. In it, he said these words: \\\"If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18154295\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1952 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1952 State of the Union Address The 1952 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 9, 1952. It was given to both houses of the 82nd United States Congress at the same time. In it, he said these words: \\\"If the Soviet leaders were to accept this proposal, it would lighten the burden of armaments, and permit the resources of the earth to be devoted to the good of mankind. But until the Soviet Union accepts a sound disarmament proposal, and joins in peaceful settlements, we\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18154294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1960 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"day achieve the unity in freedom to which all men have aspired from the dawn of time. 1960 State of the Union Address The 1960 State of the Union Address was given on Thursday, January 7, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 86th United States Congress. He said, \\\"We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.\\\" It was the height of the Cold War, and both the Soviet Union and the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18171991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1960 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1960 State of the Union Address The 1960 State of the Union Address was given on Thursday, January 7, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 86th United States Congress. He said, \\\"We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.\\\" It was the height of the Cold War, and both the Soviet Union and the United States had a responsibility to the world. So dedicated, and with faith in the Almighty, humanity shall one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18171990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2000 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2000 State of the Union Address The 2000 State of the Union address was given by U.S. President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 106th United States Congress on January 27, 2000. Clinton began the speech by saying, \\\"We are fortunate to be alive at this moment in history. Never before has our nation enjoyed, at once, so much prosperity and social progress with so little internal crisis or so few external threats. Never before have we had such a blessed opportunity and, therefore, such a profound obligation to build the more perfect union of our founders' dreams.\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11517787\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1974 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1974 State of the Union Address The 1974 State of the Union Address was given to the 93rd United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 30, 1974, by Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States. He said, \\\"We meet here tonight at a time of great challenge and great opportunities for America. We meet at a time when we face great problems at home and abroad that will test the strength of our fiber as a nation. But we also meet at a time when that fiber has been tested, and it has proved strong. \\\"America is a great\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18202849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1946 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1946 State of the Union Address The 1946 State of the Union Address was given by the 33rd President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, on Monday, January 21, 1946, to the 79th United States Congress. He stated, \\\"At Moscow the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Great Britain agreed to further this development by supporting the efforts of the national government and nongovernmental Chinese political elements in bringing about cessation of civil strife and in broadening the basis of representation in the Government. That is the policy which General Marshall is so ably executing today.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18203313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1832 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"ended with, \\\"Limited to a general superintending power to maintain peace at home and abroad, and to prescribe laws on a few subjects of general interest not calculated to restrict human liberty, but to enforce human rights, this Government will find its strength and its glory in the faithful discharge of these plain and simple duties.\\\" 1832 State of the Union Address The 1832 State of the Union Address was written by Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States. It was delivered to the 22nd United States Congress by a clerk on Tuesday, December 4, 1832. He said,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18182619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1865 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1865 State of the Union Address The 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th President of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was presented to the United States Congress on Monday, December 4, 1865. He stated, \\\"Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an act of parricidal treason. The grief of the nation is still fresh. It finds some solace in the consideration that he lived to enjoy the highest proof of its confidence by entering on the renewed term of the Chief Magistracy to which he had been elected; that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18203121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"divisions. 2014 State of the Union Address The 2014 State of the Union Address was given by President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 28, 2014, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 113th United States Congress, and the Senate was present. According to tradition, House Speaker John Boehner invited the president on December 13 to address a joint session of Congress. White House Press Secretary Jay Carney confirmed the president's attendance later that day. Obama promised to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for federal contractors and to work with states, local\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17732473\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"2014 State of the Union Address The 2014 State of the Union Address was given by President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 28, 2014, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 113th United States Congress, and the Senate was present. According to tradition, House Speaker John Boehner invited the president on December 13 to address a joint session of Congress. White House Press Secretary Jay Carney confirmed the president's attendance later that day. Obama promised to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for federal contractors and to work with states, local governments,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17732470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1790, State of the Union addresses have been given once a year. They were given originally as written reports, but are now given as verbal orations before a formal audience, with the U.S. president addressing joint sessions of the U.S. Congress at the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C., with the U.S. Vice President and U.S. Speaker of the House of Representatives sitting on a podium behind the president. As the U.S. president, Bush gave the 2002 State of the Union Address on January 29, 2002. He addressed a joint session of the 107th U.S. Congress and special guests, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9847674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1830 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"Indian Removal Act, \\\"With a full understanding of the subject, the Choctaw and the Chickasaw tribes have with great unanimity determined to avail themselves of the liberal offers presented by the act of Congress, and have agreed to remove beyond the Mississippi River.\\\" 1830 State of the Union Address The 1830 State of the Union Address was given by the seventh United States president, Andrew Jackson on Tuesday, December 6, 1830, to both houses of the United States Congress. He said, \\\"What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18180731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1920 State of the Union Address\",\n \"text\": \"1920 State of the Union Address The 1920 State of the Union Address was written by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 7, 1920. It was his last address to both houses of the 66th United States Congress. Warren Harding would become president on Friday, March 4, 1921. He said, \\\"By this faith, and by this faith alone, can the world be lifted out of its present confusion and despair. It was this faith which prevailed over the wicked force of Germany. You will remember that the beginning of the end of the war\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18170873\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["utah (state)","forty-fifth state","sports in utah","climate of utah","education in utah","ut (state)","utahn","yutas","geography of utah","utah","utah, united states","utah state nickname","history of mining in utah","state of utah","religion in utah","utah (u.s. state)","transportation in utah","beehive state","us-ut","utah (state)","forty-fifth state","utahan","politics of utah","salt lake seagulls","45th state","history of utah (to 1847)","the beehive state","youtah","transport in utah"],"string":"[\n \"utah (state)\",\n \"forty-fifth state\",\n \"sports in utah\",\n \"climate of utah\",\n \"education in utah\",\n \"ut (state)\",\n \"utahn\",\n \"yutas\",\n \"geography of utah\",\n \"utah\",\n \"utah, united states\",\n \"utah state nickname\",\n \"history of mining in utah\",\n \"state of utah\",\n \"religion in utah\",\n \"utah (u.s. state)\",\n \"transportation in utah\",\n \"beehive state\",\n \"us-ut\",\n \"utah (state)\",\n \"forty-fifth state\",\n \"utahan\",\n \"politics of utah\",\n \"salt lake seagulls\",\n \"45th state\",\n \"history of utah (to 1847)\",\n \"the beehive state\",\n \"youtah\",\n \"transport in utah\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78587,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"sparking a 1970s tv show, which military branch conducted the project blue book ufo study?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"Project Blue Book Project Blue Book was one of a series of systematic studies of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) conducted by the United States Air Force. It started in 1952, and it was the third study of its kind (the first two were projects Sign (1947) and Grudge (1949)). A termination order was given for the study in December 1969, and all activity under its auspices ceased in January 1970. Project Blue Book had two goals: Thousands of UFO reports were collected, analyzed and filed. As the result of the \"Condon Report\" (1968), which concluded there was nothing anomalous about","psg_id":"2798008"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"Project Blue Book Project Blue Book was one of a series of systematic studies of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) conducted by the United States Air Force. It started in 1952, and it was the third study of its kind (the first two were projects Sign (1947) and Grudge (1949)). A termination order was given for the study in December 1969, and all activity under its auspices ceased in January 1970. Project Blue Book had two goals: Thousands of UFO reports were collected, analyzed and filed. As the result of the \\\"Condon Report\\\" (1968), which concluded there was nothing anomalous about\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798008\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"Cabell. Another important change came when General William Garland joined Cabell's staff; Garland thought the UFO question deserved serious scrutiny because he had witnessed a UFO. The new name, Project Blue Book, was selected to refer to the blue booklets used for testing at some colleges and universities. The name was inspired, said Ruppelt, by the close attention that high-ranking officers were giving the new project; it felt as if the study of UFOs was as important as a college final exam. Blue Book was also upgraded in status from Project Grudge, with the creation of the Aerial Phenomenon Branch.","psg_id":"2798013"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"describing Moody as “the master of the possible: possible balloon, possible aircraft, possible birds, which then became, by his own hand (and I argued with him violently at times) the probable.” Project Blue Book was the inspiration for the 1978–1979 TV show \"Project U.F.O.\" (which was known as \"Project Blue Book\" in some countries), which was supposedly based on Project Blue Book cases. However, the show frequently went against the actual project conclusions, suggesting on many occasions that some sightings were real extraterrestrials. Project Blue Book played a major role in the second season of the 1990–1991 TV series \"Twin","psg_id":"2798062"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"UFOs, and were not required to follow the chain of command. This unprecedented authority underlined the seriousness of Blue Book's investigation. Under Ruppelt's direction, Blue Book investigated a number of well-known UFO cases, including the so-called Lubbock Lights, and a widely publicized 1952 radar/visual case over Washington D.C.. According to Jacques Vallee, Ruppelt started the trend, largely followed by later Blue Book investigations, of not giving serious consideration to numerous reports of UFO landings and/or interaction with purported UFO occupants. Astronomer Dr. J. Allen Hynek was the scientific consultant of the project, as he had been with Projects Sign and","psg_id":"2798018"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"as to write that, by this time, Blue Book had \"lost all credibility.\" Physicist and UFO researcher Dr. James E. McDonald once flatly declared that Quintanilla was \"not competent\" from either a scientific or an investigative perspective, although he also stressed that Quintanilla \"shouldn't be held accountable for it,\" as he was chosen for his position by a superior officer, and was following orders in directing Blue Book. Blue Book's explanations of UFO reports were not universally accepted, however, and critics — including some scientists — suggested that Project Blue Book performed questionable research or, worse, was perpetrating cover up.","psg_id":"2798035"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"sightings had dropped from the 20-25% of the Ruppelt era, to less than 1%. Captain George T. Gregory took over as Blue Book's director in 1956. Clark writes that Gregory led Blue Book \"in an even firmer anti-UFO direction than the apathetic Hardin.\" The 4602nd was dissolved, and the 1066th Air Intelligence Service Squadron was charged with UFO investigations. In fact, there was actually little or no investigation of UFO reports; a revised AFR 200-2 issued during Gregory's tenure emphasized that unexplained UFO reports must be reduced to a minimum. One way that Gregory reduced the number of unexplained UFOs","psg_id":"2798030"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"Grudge. He worked for the project up to its termination and initially created the categorization which has been extended and is known today as Close encounters. He was a pronounced skeptic when he started, but said that his feelings changed to a more wavering skepticism during the research, after encountering a minority of UFO reports he thought were unexplainable. Ruppelt left Blue Book in February 1953 for a temporary reassignment. He returned a few months later to find his staff reduced from more than ten, to two subordinates. Frustrated, Ruppelt suggested that an Air Defense Command unit (the 4602nd Air","psg_id":"2798019"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"This seemed to mollify some of Blue Book's critics, that but it was only temporary. A few years later (see below), the criticism would be even louder. By the time he was transferred from Blue Book in 1963, Friend thought that Blue Book was effectively useless and ought to be dissolved, even if it caused an outcry amongst the public. Major Hector Quintanilla took over as Blue Book's leader in August 1963. He largely continued the debunking efforts, and it was under his direction that Blue Book received some of its sharpest criticism. UFO researcher Jerome Clark goes so far","psg_id":"2798034"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"engineers, and one astronomer (Hynek). The Robertson Panel first met on January 14, 1953 in order to formulate a response to the overwhelming public interest in UFOs. Ruppelt, Hynek, and others presented the best evidence, including movie footage, that had been collected by Blue Book. After spending 12 hours reviewing 6 years of data, the Robertson Panel concluded that most UFO reports had prosaic explanations, and that all could be explained with further investigation, which they deemed not worth the effort. In their final report, they stressed that low-grade, unverifiable UFO reports were overloading intelligence channels, with the risk of","psg_id":"2798021"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"features, does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object.\" Investigation of UFOs was stated to be for the purposes of national security and to ascertain \"technical aspects.\" AFR 200-2 again stated that Blue Book could discuss UFO cases with the media only if they were regarded as having a conventional explanation. If they were unidentified, the media was to be told only that the situation was being analyzed. Blue Book was also ordered to reduce the number of unidentified to a minimum. All this work was done","psg_id":"2798026"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"started analyzing existing sighting reports and encoding about 30 report characteristics onto IBM punched cards for computer analysis. Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 was their massive statistical analysis of Blue Book cases to date, some 3200 by the time the report was completed in 1954, after Ruppelt had left Blue Book. Even today, it represents the largest such study ever undertaken. Battelle employed four scientific analysts, who sought to divide cases into \"knowns\", \"unknowns\", and a third category of \"insufficient information.\" They also broke down knowns and unknowns into four categories of quality, from excellent to poor. E.g.,","psg_id":"2798053"},{"title":"UFO conspiracy theory","text":"UFO Project has its roots in a study commissioned in 1950 by the MOD’s then Chief Scientific Adviser, the great radar scientist Sir Henry Tizard. As a result of his insistence that UFO sightings should not be dismissed without some form of proper scientific study, the Department set up the Flying Saucer Working Party (or FSWP). In August 1950, Montanan baseball manager Nicholas Mariana filmed several UFOs with his color 16mm camera. Project Blue Book was called in and, after inspecting the film, Mariana claimed it was returned to him with critical footage removed, clearly showing the objects as disc-shaped.","psg_id":"1461567"},{"title":"UFO conspiracy theory","text":"unknown individuals, impersonating USAF officers and other military personnel, had been harassing civilian UFO witnesses, warning them not to talk, and also confiscating film, referring specifically to the Heflin incident. AFOSI was to be notified if any personnel were to become aware of any other incidents. (Document in Fawcett & Greenwood, 236.) John Callahan, former Division Chief of the Accidents and Investigations Branch of the FAA, Washington D.C., also a Disclosure Project witness, said that following the Japan Air Lines flight 1628 incident that involved a giant UFO over Alaska, recorded by air and ground radar, the FAA conducted an","psg_id":"1461598"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"explained 95% of the reported UFO sightings. None of these were extraterrestrial or a threat to national security. Brown himself proclaimed, \"I know of no one of scientific standing or executive standing with a detailed knowledge of this, in our organization who believes that they came from extraterrestrial sources.\" Dr. J. Allen Hynek, a science consultant to Blue Book, suggested in an unedited statement that a \"civilian panel of physical and social scientists\" be formed \"for the express purpose of determining whether a major problem really exist\" in regards to UFOs. Hynek remarked that he has \"not seen any evidence","psg_id":"2798046"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"to confirm\" extraterrestrials, \"nor do I know any competent scientist who has, or who believes that any kind of extraterrestrial intelligence is involved.\" Criticism of Blue Book continued to grow through the mid-1960s. NICAP's membership ballooned to about 15,000, and the group charged the U.S. Government with a cover-up of UFO evidence. Following U.S. Congressional hearings, the Condon Committee was established in 1966, ostensibly as a neutral scientific research body. However, the Committee became mired in controversy, with some members charging director Edward U. Condon with bias, and critics would question the validity and the scientific rigor of the Condon","psg_id":"2798047"},{"title":"Unidentified flying object","text":"they regard approximately 2% as lacking explanation. The USAF's Project Blue Book files indicate that approximately 1% of all unknown reports came from amateur and professional astronomers or other users of telescopes (such as missile trackers or surveyors). In 1952, astronomer J. Allen Hynek, then a consultant to Blue Book, conducted a small survey of 45 fellow professional astronomers. Five reported UFO sightings (about 11%). In the 1970s, astrophysicist Peter A. Sturrock conducted two large surveys of the AIAA and American Astronomical Society (AAS). About 5% of the members polled indicated that they had had UFO sightings. Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh,","psg_id":"436813"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"John Shockley, a meteorologist from Wichita, Kansas, reported that, using the state Weather Bureau radar, he tracked a number of odd aerial objects flying at altitudes between about 6000 and 9000 feet. These and other reports received wide publicity. Project Blue Book officially determined the witnesses had mistaken Jupiter or bright stars (such as Rigel or Betelgeuse) for something else. Blue Book's explanation was widely criticized as inaccurate. Robert Riser, director of the Oklahoma Science and Art Foundation Planetarium offered a strongly worded rebuke of Project Blue Book that was widely circulated: “That is as far from the truth as","psg_id":"2798037"},{"title":"UFO (1956 film)","text":"spokesman for Project Blue Book. The documentary analyzes two famous pieces of UFO footage: the Mariana UFO Incident of 1950, in which the manager of the Great Falls, Montana minor-league baseball team claimed to have filmed two UFOs flying over the local baseball stadium, and the 1952 UFO film taken near the Great Salt Lake in Utah by a US Navy photographer, Delbert Newhouse. The documentary concludes with the famous 1952 Washington DC UFO incident, in which Albert Chop played a central role. The documentary recreates Chop's experiences during the incident, and at the end of the documentary Chop states","psg_id":"17309255"},{"title":"UFO (TV series)","text":"in the Gerry Anderson \"UFO\" series have appeared in various media: UFO (TV series) UFO is a 1970 British science fiction television series about an alien invasion of Earth. It was created by Gerry Anderson and Sylvia Anderson with Reg Hill, and produced by the Andersons and Lew Grade's Century 21 Productions for Grade's ITC Entertainment company. A single season of 26 episodes (including the pilot) was filmed over the course of more than a year; a five-month production break was caused by the closure of MGM-British Studios in Borehamwood, where the show was initially made. \"UFO\" was first broadcast","psg_id":"2657509"},{"title":"Carson Sink UFO incident","text":"the incident to Air Defense Command headquarters, who told them that no civilian or military aircraft had been anywhere near Carson Sink at the time they were passing over the area. The closest known delta wing aircraft were on the West Coast at the time. On top of this, the Navy aircraft were painted to be dark blue. Air Defense Command reported the incident to Project Blue Book, but it remained unexplained. In his subsequent book, \"The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects\", Edward Ruppelt characterized it as a \"good UFO report with an unknown conclusion\". Both pilots continued to dismiss","psg_id":"3235109"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"Captain Edward J. Ruppelt (the first director of Project Blue Book), Sign's initial intelligence estimate (the so-called Estimate of the Situation) written in the late summer of 1948, concluded that the flying saucers were real craft, were not made by either the Soviet Union or United States, and were likely extraterrestrial in origin. (See also extraterrestrial hypothesis.) This estimate was forwarded to the Pentagon, but subsequently ordered destroyed by Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, USAF Chief of Staff, citing a lack of physical proof. Vandenberg subsequently dismantled Project Sign. Project Sign was succeeded at the end of 1948 by Project Grudge, which","psg_id":"2798011"},{"title":"UFO (TV series)","text":"\"UFO\" to one of Australia's major TV production companies in 1995/6. Also in 1996, Ed Bishop briefly corresponded with independent Australian film maker/\"UFO\" fan Adrian Sherlock about an unofficial revival called \"Damon Dark: Shadofall\". Funding for the project fell through, but the script has been made into a fan-made audio production and uploaded to YouTube, and it continues as an independent series. In May 2009, it was announced that producer Robert Evans and ITV Global would be teaming up to produce a big-screen adaptation of the series. Ryan Gaudet and Joseph Kanarek were writing the script, which would be set","psg_id":"2657506"},{"title":"UFO (TV series)","text":"UFO (TV series) UFO is a 1970 British science fiction television series about an alien invasion of Earth. It was created by Gerry Anderson and Sylvia Anderson with Reg Hill, and produced by the Andersons and Lew Grade's Century 21 Productions for Grade's ITC Entertainment company. A single season of 26 episodes (including the pilot) was filmed over the course of more than a year; a five-month production break was caused by the closure of MGM-British Studios in Borehamwood, where the show was initially made. \"UFO\" was first broadcast in the UK and Canada in 1970, and in US syndication","psg_id":"2657456"},{"title":"UFO conspiracy theory","text":"the censored script to \"reveal something that has never been disclosed before\", CBS cut the sound, later stating Keyhoe was about to violate \"predetermined security standards\" and about to say something he wasn't \"authorized to release\". What Keyhoe was about to reveal were four publicly unknown military studies concluding UFOs were interplanetary including the 1948 Project Sign Estimate of the Situation and a 1952 Project Blue Book engineering analysis of UFO motion presented at the Robertson Panel. [Timothy Good, 286-287; Richard Dolan 293-295] Astronaut Gordon Cooper reported suppression of a flying saucer movie filmed in high clarity by two Edwards","psg_id":"1461575"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"planets and stars.\" Another case that Blue Book's critics seized upon was the so-called Portage County UFO Chase, which began at about 5.00am, near Ravenna, Ohio on April 17, 1966. Police officers Dale Spaur and Wilbur Neff spotted what they described as a disc-shaped, silvery object with a bright light emanating from its underside, at about 1000 feet in altitude. They began following the object (which they reported sometimes descended as low as 50 feet), and police from several other jurisdictions were involved in the pursuit. The chase ended about 30 minutes later near Freedom, Pennsylvania, some 85 miles away.","psg_id":"2798039"},{"title":"UFO conspiracy theory","text":"superiors in the Canadian government, leading to the establishment of Project Magnet, a small Canadian government UFO research effort. Canadian documents and Smith's private papers were uncovered in the late 1970s, and by 1984, other alleged documents emerged claiming the existence of a highly secret UFO oversight committee of scientists and military people called Majestic 12, again naming Vannevar Bush. Sarbacher was also interviewed in the 1980s and corroborated the information in Smith's memos and correspondence. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Smith granted public interviews, and among other things stated that he had been lent crashed UFO material for","psg_id":"1461571"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"claimed that the residual 3% would probably disappear if more complete data were available. Critics counter that this ignored the fact that the analysts had already thrown such cases into the category of \"insufficient information\", whereas both \"knowns\" and \"unknowns\" were deemed to have sufficient information to make a determination. Also the \"unknowns\" tended to represent the higher quality cases, q.e. reports that already had better information and witnesses. The result of the monumental BMI study were echoed by a 1979 French GEPAN report which stated that about a quarter of over 1,600 closely studied UFO cases defied explanation, stating,","psg_id":"2798057"},{"title":"Semi-Conducted","text":"\"Proud To Be A Banker\", and the encore \"Jesus' Brother Bob\". Semi-Conducted Semi-Conducted is a live album by the Canadian comedy music group The Arrogant Worms, recorded on January 22, 2002, and backed by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra. It was released the following year. Actual footage of the show was recorded and aired on a (heavily cut-down) TV special called \"Three Worms and an Orchestra\", which was later released on DVD (containing the original show without TV edits, plus two music videos). The CD itself contains most of the songs from the show, but omits most of the banter in","psg_id":"6797335"},{"title":"Semi-Conducted","text":"Semi-Conducted Semi-Conducted is a live album by the Canadian comedy music group The Arrogant Worms, recorded on January 22, 2002, and backed by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra. It was released the following year. Actual footage of the show was recorded and aired on a (heavily cut-down) TV special called \"Three Worms and an Orchestra\", which was later released on DVD (containing the original show without TV edits, plus two music videos). The CD itself contains most of the songs from the show, but omits most of the banter in between songs, as well as performances of \"Mounted Animal Nature Trail\",","psg_id":"6797334"},{"title":"Project U.F.O.","text":"aired 14 years later, but without the latter show's romantic subtext or its anti-government (or, for that matter, its anti-alien) paranoia. As with Blue Book, many of the UFO sightings on \"Project UFO\" turned out to have conventional explanations. Some, however, were left unexplained, and suggestive of alien contact. By the second season, the investigators had themselves experienced a UFO sighting. In an odd reversal of the \"Scooby-Doo\" dynamic, the series eventually settled into a pattern in which the investigators would spend most of the hour uncovering some conventional explanation for a UFO sighting, only for the last five minutes","psg_id":"6261337"},{"title":"Out of the Blue (2002 film)","text":"Out of the Blue (2002 film) Out of the Blue is a 2003 feature-length documentary film on the UFO phenomenon which premiered on television on the Sci Fi Channel on June 24, 2003. It was produced by American filmmaker James Fox. The film is narrated by Peter Coyote and attempts to show, through interviews with members of the scientific community, eyewitnesses and high-ranking military and government personnel; that some unidentified flying objects could be of extraterrestrial origin and that secrecy and ridicule are used to shroud the UFO issue. There is a follow-up sequel released as a History Channel special","psg_id":"10783112"},{"title":"Book TV","text":"\"Book TV\" weekly lineup is coverage of author lectures, book signings, and seminars. Several weekends each year, \"Book TV\" features live coverage of major regional book fairs and festivals. There are also several regularly scheduled series: \"After Words\", an interview show conducted by guest hosts familiar with the author's subject; and \"Booknotes\" programs from 1989 to 2004, under the title \"Encore Booknotes\". A monthly series on \"Book TV\" is \"In Depth\", a three-hour one-on-one interview covering an author's entire body of work. \"In Depth\" is televised live with viewer calls on the first Sunday of each month at 12 p.m.","psg_id":"3588828"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"finally Major Hector Quintanilla. Hynek had kind words only for Ruppelt and Friend. Of Ruppelt, he wrote \"In my contacts with him I found him to be honest and seriously puzzled about the whole phenomenon.\" Of Friend, he wrote \"Of all the officers I worked with in Blue Book, Colonel Friend earned my respect. Whatever private views he may have held, he was a total and practical realist, and sitting where he could see the scoreboard, he recognized the limitations of his office but conducted himself with dignity and a total lack of the bombast that characterized several of the","psg_id":"2798060"},{"title":"UFO (TV series)","text":"Organisation), which was to become the secret SHADO (Supreme Headquarters Alien Defence Organisation). Many of the props and actors that had appeared in the Anderson-produced 1969 movie \"Doppelgänger\" were utilised in the series. The creators looked ten years ahead and placed the series in a kitsch 1980 future. Sylvia Anderson also designed the costumes for the show, including the Moonbase uniforms and purple wigs that female staff wore; the wigs were to become a major reference point for the series. \"UFO\" featured key motifs and plot elements that shared a conceptual continuity with nearly all of Anderson's previous TV work.","psg_id":"2657468"},{"title":"The Blue Knight (TV series)","text":"The Blue Knight (TV series) The Blue Knight is an American CBS crime TV series, running in 1975 and 1976, starring George Kennedy as Officer Bumper Morgan. The show was based on the novel by Joseph Wambaugh (\"The Blue Knight\") and produced by Lorimar Productions. It was also inspired by the 1973 TV film \"The Blue Knight\", starring William Holden, which ran before the TV show premiered. Bumper Morgan is a veteran police officer in Los Angeles, who continues to patrol the streets in uniform. The series dealt with Morgan's daily dealings with dangerous criminals and drug dealers. Guest stars","psg_id":"16038002"},{"title":"The Blue Knight (TV series)","text":"included Jim Davis, Robert Hays, Vivi Janiss, Harry Lauter, Gerald McRaney, Bruce Glover, Robert Hoy, and Lee Weaver. After a run of twenty-six episodes the series was cancelled by CBS. The Blue Knight (TV series) The Blue Knight is an American CBS crime TV series, running in 1975 and 1976, starring George Kennedy as Officer Bumper Morgan. The show was based on the novel by Joseph Wambaugh (\"The Blue Knight\") and produced by Lorimar Productions. It was also inspired by the 1973 TV film \"The Blue Knight\", starring William Holden, which ran before the TV show premiered. Bumper Morgan is","psg_id":"16038003"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"Intelligence Service Squadron) be charged with UFO investigations. In July 1952, after a build-up of hundreds of sightings over the previous few months, a series of radar detections coincident with visual sightings were observed near the National Airport in Washington, D.C. (see 1952 Washington D.C. UFO incident). Future Arizona Senator and 2008 presidential nominee John McCain is alleged to be one of these witnesses. After much publicity, these sightings led the Central Intelligence Agency to establish a panel of scientists headed by Dr. H. P. Robertson, a physicist of the California Institute of Technology, which included various physicists, meteorologists, and","psg_id":"2798020"},{"title":"Varginha UFO incident","text":"Varginha UFO incident Varginha UFO incident is the name given to a series of events involving the alleged sighting and capture by the military of an extraterrestrial being in Varginha, Brazil, in 1996. Such reports were first broadcast on the Sunday TV show \"Fantástico\" of Rede Globo, and gathered media coverage worldwide, including an article in \"The Wall Street Journal\". It has since become a well-known case in modern Brazilian ufology. The Brazilian government has officially denied any claims of being involved in the capture of extraterrestrial biological entities (EBEs), but some theorists claim otherwise, accusing the government of a","psg_id":"3213489"},{"title":"The Nationwide Project","text":"The Nationwide Project The \"Nationwide\" Project was an influential media audience research project conducted by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, England, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Its principal researchers were David Morley and Charlotte Brunsdon. The Media Group at the CCCS selected the BBC television current affairs programme \"Nationwide\" to study the encoding/decoding model, a part of reception theory, developed by Stuart Hall. This study was concerned with \"the programme's distinctive ideological themes and with the particular ways in which \"Nationwide\" addressed the viewer\". This first part of the study was published","psg_id":"7824117"},{"title":"Project Blue Book","text":"was by simple reclassification. \"Possible cases\" became \"probable\", and \"probable\" cases were upgraded to certainties. By this logic, a \"possible\" comet became a \"probable\" comet, while a probable comet was flatly declared to have been a misidentified comet. Similarly, if a witness reported an observation of an unusual balloon-\"like\" object, Blue Book usually classified it as a balloon, with no research and qualification. These procedures became standard for most of Blue Book's later investigations; see Hynek's comments below. Major Robert J. Friend was appointed the head of Blue Book in 1958. Friend made some attempts to reverse the direction Blue","psg_id":"2798031"},{"title":"Project Condign","text":"did not shed any new light on UFOs or the UFO phenomenon, but did show that the DIS had been conducting a far larger investigation of the topic than it had previously revealed. Project Condign Project Condign (not to be confused with the Condon Committee) was a secret UFO study undertaken by the British Government's Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) between 1997 and 2000. The results of Project Condign were compiled into a 400-page document titled \"Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region\" that drew on approximately 10,000 sightings and reports that had been gathered by the DI55, a","psg_id":"9233808"},{"title":"Mantell UFO incident","text":"and Project Blue Book. Hynek had supplied Project Sign with the Venus explanation in 1948, mainly because Venus had been in the same place in the sky that Mantell's UFO was observed. However, by 1952 Dr. Hynek had concluded that the Venus explanation was incorrect, because \"Venus wasn't bright enough to be seen\" by Mantell and the other witnesses, and because a considerable haze was present that would have further obscured the planet in the sky. Ruppelt also noted Dr. Hynek's statement that Venus, even if visible, would have been a \"pinpoint of light\", but that eyewitness \"descriptions plainly indicated","psg_id":"2885692"},{"title":"Blue Book (FCC)","text":"throughout the news industry including advertisers, editors, readers, and reporters. The commission interviewed FCC commissioner and head of the Blue Book study, Clifford Durr and FCC chairman, Lawrence Fly and studied the Blue Book closely to draw its conclusions. In March 1947, the commission released its report and like the Blue Book outlined the need for the press to service programming for the community to clarify societal goals and values. Blue Book (FCC) Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees was a report published in 1946 by the (U.S.) Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which sought to require radio broadcasters in the","psg_id":"4566314"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"Cabell. Another important change came when General William Garland joined Cabell's staff; Garland thought the UFO question deserved serious scrutiny because he had witnessed a UFO. The new name, Project Blue Book, was selected to refer to the blue booklets used for testing at some colleges and universities. The name was inspired, said Ruppelt, by the close attention that high-ranking officers were giving the new project; it felt as if the study of UFOs was as important as a college final exam. Blue Book was also upgraded in status from Project Grudge, with the creation of the Aerial Phenomenon Branch.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"describing Moody as “the master of the possible: possible balloon, possible aircraft, possible birds, which then became, by his own hand (and I argued with him violently at times) the probable.” Project Blue Book was the inspiration for the 1978–1979 TV show \\\"Project U.F.O.\\\" (which was known as \\\"Project Blue Book\\\" in some countries), which was supposedly based on Project Blue Book cases. However, the show frequently went against the actual project conclusions, suggesting on many occasions that some sightings were real extraterrestrials. Project Blue Book played a major role in the second season of the 1990–1991 TV series \\\"Twin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"UFOs, and were not required to follow the chain of command. This unprecedented authority underlined the seriousness of Blue Book's investigation. Under Ruppelt's direction, Blue Book investigated a number of well-known UFO cases, including the so-called Lubbock Lights, and a widely publicized 1952 radar/visual case over Washington D.C.. According to Jacques Vallee, Ruppelt started the trend, largely followed by later Blue Book investigations, of not giving serious consideration to numerous reports of UFO landings and/or interaction with purported UFO occupants. Astronomer Dr. J. Allen Hynek was the scientific consultant of the project, as he had been with Projects Sign and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"as to write that, by this time, Blue Book had \\\"lost all credibility.\\\" Physicist and UFO researcher Dr. James E. McDonald once flatly declared that Quintanilla was \\\"not competent\\\" from either a scientific or an investigative perspective, although he also stressed that Quintanilla \\\"shouldn't be held accountable for it,\\\" as he was chosen for his position by a superior officer, and was following orders in directing Blue Book. Blue Book's explanations of UFO reports were not universally accepted, however, and critics — including some scientists — suggested that Project Blue Book performed questionable research or, worse, was perpetrating cover up.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"sightings had dropped from the 20-25% of the Ruppelt era, to less than 1%. Captain George T. Gregory took over as Blue Book's director in 1956. Clark writes that Gregory led Blue Book \\\"in an even firmer anti-UFO direction than the apathetic Hardin.\\\" The 4602nd was dissolved, and the 1066th Air Intelligence Service Squadron was charged with UFO investigations. In fact, there was actually little or no investigation of UFO reports; a revised AFR 200-2 issued during Gregory's tenure emphasized that unexplained UFO reports must be reduced to a minimum. One way that Gregory reduced the number of unexplained UFOs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"Grudge. He worked for the project up to its termination and initially created the categorization which has been extended and is known today as Close encounters. He was a pronounced skeptic when he started, but said that his feelings changed to a more wavering skepticism during the research, after encountering a minority of UFO reports he thought were unexplainable. Ruppelt left Blue Book in February 1953 for a temporary reassignment. He returned a few months later to find his staff reduced from more than ten, to two subordinates. Frustrated, Ruppelt suggested that an Air Defense Command unit (the 4602nd Air\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"This seemed to mollify some of Blue Book's critics, that but it was only temporary. A few years later (see below), the criticism would be even louder. By the time he was transferred from Blue Book in 1963, Friend thought that Blue Book was effectively useless and ought to be dissolved, even if it caused an outcry amongst the public. Major Hector Quintanilla took over as Blue Book's leader in August 1963. He largely continued the debunking efforts, and it was under his direction that Blue Book received some of its sharpest criticism. UFO researcher Jerome Clark goes so far\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"engineers, and one astronomer (Hynek). The Robertson Panel first met on January 14, 1953 in order to formulate a response to the overwhelming public interest in UFOs. Ruppelt, Hynek, and others presented the best evidence, including movie footage, that had been collected by Blue Book. After spending 12 hours reviewing 6 years of data, the Robertson Panel concluded that most UFO reports had prosaic explanations, and that all could be explained with further investigation, which they deemed not worth the effort. In their final report, they stressed that low-grade, unverifiable UFO reports were overloading intelligence channels, with the risk of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"features, does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object.\\\" Investigation of UFOs was stated to be for the purposes of national security and to ascertain \\\"technical aspects.\\\" AFR 200-2 again stated that Blue Book could discuss UFO cases with the media only if they were regarded as having a conventional explanation. If they were unidentified, the media was to be told only that the situation was being analyzed. Blue Book was also ordered to reduce the number of unidentified to a minimum. All this work was done\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"started analyzing existing sighting reports and encoding about 30 report characteristics onto IBM punched cards for computer analysis. Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 was their massive statistical analysis of Blue Book cases to date, some 3200 by the time the report was completed in 1954, after Ruppelt had left Blue Book. Even today, it represents the largest such study ever undertaken. Battelle employed four scientific analysts, who sought to divide cases into \\\"knowns\\\", \\\"unknowns\\\", and a third category of \\\"insufficient information.\\\" They also broke down knowns and unknowns into four categories of quality, from excellent to poor. E.g.,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO conspiracy theory\",\n \"text\": \"UFO Project has its roots in a study commissioned in 1950 by the MOD’s then Chief Scientific Adviser, the great radar scientist Sir Henry Tizard. As a result of his insistence that UFO sightings should not be dismissed without some form of proper scientific study, the Department set up the Flying Saucer Working Party (or FSWP). In August 1950, Montanan baseball manager Nicholas Mariana filmed several UFOs with his color 16mm camera. Project Blue Book was called in and, after inspecting the film, Mariana claimed it was returned to him with critical footage removed, clearly showing the objects as disc-shaped.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1461567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO conspiracy theory\",\n \"text\": \"unknown individuals, impersonating USAF officers and other military personnel, had been harassing civilian UFO witnesses, warning them not to talk, and also confiscating film, referring specifically to the Heflin incident. AFOSI was to be notified if any personnel were to become aware of any other incidents. (Document in Fawcett & Greenwood, 236.) John Callahan, former Division Chief of the Accidents and Investigations Branch of the FAA, Washington D.C., also a Disclosure Project witness, said that following the Japan Air Lines flight 1628 incident that involved a giant UFO over Alaska, recorded by air and ground radar, the FAA conducted an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1461598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"explained 95% of the reported UFO sightings. None of these were extraterrestrial or a threat to national security. Brown himself proclaimed, \\\"I know of no one of scientific standing or executive standing with a detailed knowledge of this, in our organization who believes that they came from extraterrestrial sources.\\\" Dr. J. Allen Hynek, a science consultant to Blue Book, suggested in an unedited statement that a \\\"civilian panel of physical and social scientists\\\" be formed \\\"for the express purpose of determining whether a major problem really exist\\\" in regards to UFOs. Hynek remarked that he has \\\"not seen any evidence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"to confirm\\\" extraterrestrials, \\\"nor do I know any competent scientist who has, or who believes that any kind of extraterrestrial intelligence is involved.\\\" Criticism of Blue Book continued to grow through the mid-1960s. NICAP's membership ballooned to about 15,000, and the group charged the U.S. Government with a cover-up of UFO evidence. Following U.S. Congressional hearings, the Condon Committee was established in 1966, ostensibly as a neutral scientific research body. However, the Committee became mired in controversy, with some members charging director Edward U. Condon with bias, and critics would question the validity and the scientific rigor of the Condon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Unidentified flying object\",\n \"text\": \"they regard approximately 2% as lacking explanation. The USAF's Project Blue Book files indicate that approximately 1% of all unknown reports came from amateur and professional astronomers or other users of telescopes (such as missile trackers or surveyors). In 1952, astronomer J. Allen Hynek, then a consultant to Blue Book, conducted a small survey of 45 fellow professional astronomers. Five reported UFO sightings (about 11%). In the 1970s, astrophysicist Peter A. Sturrock conducted two large surveys of the AIAA and American Astronomical Society (AAS). About 5% of the members polled indicated that they had had UFO sightings. Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"436813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"John Shockley, a meteorologist from Wichita, Kansas, reported that, using the state Weather Bureau radar, he tracked a number of odd aerial objects flying at altitudes between about 6000 and 9000 feet. These and other reports received wide publicity. Project Blue Book officially determined the witnesses had mistaken Jupiter or bright stars (such as Rigel or Betelgeuse) for something else. Blue Book's explanation was widely criticized as inaccurate. Robert Riser, director of the Oklahoma Science and Art Foundation Planetarium offered a strongly worded rebuke of Project Blue Book that was widely circulated: “That is as far from the truth as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO (1956 film)\",\n \"text\": \"spokesman for Project Blue Book. The documentary analyzes two famous pieces of UFO footage: the Mariana UFO Incident of 1950, in which the manager of the Great Falls, Montana minor-league baseball team claimed to have filmed two UFOs flying over the local baseball stadium, and the 1952 UFO film taken near the Great Salt Lake in Utah by a US Navy photographer, Delbert Newhouse. The documentary concludes with the famous 1952 Washington DC UFO incident, in which Albert Chop played a central role. The documentary recreates Chop's experiences during the incident, and at the end of the documentary Chop states\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17309255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"in the Gerry Anderson \\\"UFO\\\" series have appeared in various media: UFO (TV series) UFO is a 1970 British science fiction television series about an alien invasion of Earth. It was created by Gerry Anderson and Sylvia Anderson with Reg Hill, and produced by the Andersons and Lew Grade's Century 21 Productions for Grade's ITC Entertainment company. A single season of 26 episodes (including the pilot) was filmed over the course of more than a year; a five-month production break was caused by the closure of MGM-British Studios in Borehamwood, where the show was initially made. \\\"UFO\\\" was first broadcast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2657509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carson Sink UFO incident\",\n \"text\": \"the incident to Air Defense Command headquarters, who told them that no civilian or military aircraft had been anywhere near Carson Sink at the time they were passing over the area. The closest known delta wing aircraft were on the West Coast at the time. On top of this, the Navy aircraft were painted to be dark blue. Air Defense Command reported the incident to Project Blue Book, but it remained unexplained. In his subsequent book, \\\"The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects\\\", Edward Ruppelt characterized it as a \\\"good UFO report with an unknown conclusion\\\". Both pilots continued to dismiss\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3235109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"Captain Edward J. Ruppelt (the first director of Project Blue Book), Sign's initial intelligence estimate (the so-called Estimate of the Situation) written in the late summer of 1948, concluded that the flying saucers were real craft, were not made by either the Soviet Union or United States, and were likely extraterrestrial in origin. (See also extraterrestrial hypothesis.) This estimate was forwarded to the Pentagon, but subsequently ordered destroyed by Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, USAF Chief of Staff, citing a lack of physical proof. Vandenberg subsequently dismantled Project Sign. Project Sign was succeeded at the end of 1948 by Project Grudge, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798011\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"UFO\\\" to one of Australia's major TV production companies in 1995/6. Also in 1996, Ed Bishop briefly corresponded with independent Australian film maker/\\\"UFO\\\" fan Adrian Sherlock about an unofficial revival called \\\"Damon Dark: Shadofall\\\". Funding for the project fell through, but the script has been made into a fan-made audio production and uploaded to YouTube, and it continues as an independent series. In May 2009, it was announced that producer Robert Evans and ITV Global would be teaming up to produce a big-screen adaptation of the series. Ryan Gaudet and Joseph Kanarek were writing the script, which would be set\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2657506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"UFO (TV series) UFO is a 1970 British science fiction television series about an alien invasion of Earth. It was created by Gerry Anderson and Sylvia Anderson with Reg Hill, and produced by the Andersons and Lew Grade's Century 21 Productions for Grade's ITC Entertainment company. A single season of 26 episodes (including the pilot) was filmed over the course of more than a year; a five-month production break was caused by the closure of MGM-British Studios in Borehamwood, where the show was initially made. \\\"UFO\\\" was first broadcast in the UK and Canada in 1970, and in US syndication\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2657456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO conspiracy theory\",\n \"text\": \"the censored script to \\\"reveal something that has never been disclosed before\\\", CBS cut the sound, later stating Keyhoe was about to violate \\\"predetermined security standards\\\" and about to say something he wasn't \\\"authorized to release\\\". What Keyhoe was about to reveal were four publicly unknown military studies concluding UFOs were interplanetary including the 1948 Project Sign Estimate of the Situation and a 1952 Project Blue Book engineering analysis of UFO motion presented at the Robertson Panel. [Timothy Good, 286-287; Richard Dolan 293-295] Astronaut Gordon Cooper reported suppression of a flying saucer movie filmed in high clarity by two Edwards\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1461575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"planets and stars.\\\" Another case that Blue Book's critics seized upon was the so-called Portage County UFO Chase, which began at about 5.00am, near Ravenna, Ohio on April 17, 1966. Police officers Dale Spaur and Wilbur Neff spotted what they described as a disc-shaped, silvery object with a bright light emanating from its underside, at about 1000 feet in altitude. They began following the object (which they reported sometimes descended as low as 50 feet), and police from several other jurisdictions were involved in the pursuit. The chase ended about 30 minutes later near Freedom, Pennsylvania, some 85 miles away.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO conspiracy theory\",\n \"text\": \"superiors in the Canadian government, leading to the establishment of Project Magnet, a small Canadian government UFO research effort. Canadian documents and Smith's private papers were uncovered in the late 1970s, and by 1984, other alleged documents emerged claiming the existence of a highly secret UFO oversight committee of scientists and military people called Majestic 12, again naming Vannevar Bush. Sarbacher was also interviewed in the 1980s and corroborated the information in Smith's memos and correspondence. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Smith granted public interviews, and among other things stated that he had been lent crashed UFO material for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1461571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"claimed that the residual 3% would probably disappear if more complete data were available. Critics counter that this ignored the fact that the analysts had already thrown such cases into the category of \\\"insufficient information\\\", whereas both \\\"knowns\\\" and \\\"unknowns\\\" were deemed to have sufficient information to make a determination. Also the \\\"unknowns\\\" tended to represent the higher quality cases, q.e. reports that already had better information and witnesses. The result of the monumental BMI study were echoed by a 1979 French GEPAN report which stated that about a quarter of over 1,600 closely studied UFO cases defied explanation, stating,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Semi-Conducted\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Proud To Be A Banker\\\", and the encore \\\"Jesus' Brother Bob\\\". Semi-Conducted Semi-Conducted is a live album by the Canadian comedy music group The Arrogant Worms, recorded on January 22, 2002, and backed by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra. It was released the following year. Actual footage of the show was recorded and aired on a (heavily cut-down) TV special called \\\"Three Worms and an Orchestra\\\", which was later released on DVD (containing the original show without TV edits, plus two music videos). The CD itself contains most of the songs from the show, but omits most of the banter in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6797335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Semi-Conducted\",\n \"text\": \"Semi-Conducted Semi-Conducted is a live album by the Canadian comedy music group The Arrogant Worms, recorded on January 22, 2002, and backed by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra. It was released the following year. Actual footage of the show was recorded and aired on a (heavily cut-down) TV special called \\\"Three Worms and an Orchestra\\\", which was later released on DVD (containing the original show without TV edits, plus two music videos). The CD itself contains most of the songs from the show, but omits most of the banter in between songs, as well as performances of \\\"Mounted Animal Nature Trail\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6797334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project U.F.O.\",\n \"text\": \"aired 14 years later, but without the latter show's romantic subtext or its anti-government (or, for that matter, its anti-alien) paranoia. As with Blue Book, many of the UFO sightings on \\\"Project UFO\\\" turned out to have conventional explanations. Some, however, were left unexplained, and suggestive of alien contact. By the second season, the investigators had themselves experienced a UFO sighting. In an odd reversal of the \\\"Scooby-Doo\\\" dynamic, the series eventually settled into a pattern in which the investigators would spend most of the hour uncovering some conventional explanation for a UFO sighting, only for the last five minutes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6261337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Out of the Blue (2002 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Blue (2002 film) Out of the Blue is a 2003 feature-length documentary film on the UFO phenomenon which premiered on television on the Sci Fi Channel on June 24, 2003. It was produced by American filmmaker James Fox. The film is narrated by Peter Coyote and attempts to show, through interviews with members of the scientific community, eyewitnesses and high-ranking military and government personnel; that some unidentified flying objects could be of extraterrestrial origin and that secrecy and ridicule are used to shroud the UFO issue. There is a follow-up sequel released as a History Channel special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10783112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Book TV\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Book TV\\\" weekly lineup is coverage of author lectures, book signings, and seminars. Several weekends each year, \\\"Book TV\\\" features live coverage of major regional book fairs and festivals. There are also several regularly scheduled series: \\\"After Words\\\", an interview show conducted by guest hosts familiar with the author's subject; and \\\"Booknotes\\\" programs from 1989 to 2004, under the title \\\"Encore Booknotes\\\". A monthly series on \\\"Book TV\\\" is \\\"In Depth\\\", a three-hour one-on-one interview covering an author's entire body of work. \\\"In Depth\\\" is televised live with viewer calls on the first Sunday of each month at 12 p.m.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3588828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"finally Major Hector Quintanilla. Hynek had kind words only for Ruppelt and Friend. Of Ruppelt, he wrote \\\"In my contacts with him I found him to be honest and seriously puzzled about the whole phenomenon.\\\" Of Friend, he wrote \\\"Of all the officers I worked with in Blue Book, Colonel Friend earned my respect. Whatever private views he may have held, he was a total and practical realist, and sitting where he could see the scoreboard, he recognized the limitations of his office but conducted himself with dignity and a total lack of the bombast that characterized several of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798060\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"Organisation), which was to become the secret SHADO (Supreme Headquarters Alien Defence Organisation). Many of the props and actors that had appeared in the Anderson-produced 1969 movie \\\"Doppelgänger\\\" were utilised in the series. The creators looked ten years ahead and placed the series in a kitsch 1980 future. Sylvia Anderson also designed the costumes for the show, including the Moonbase uniforms and purple wigs that female staff wore; the wigs were to become a major reference point for the series. \\\"UFO\\\" featured key motifs and plot elements that shared a conceptual continuity with nearly all of Anderson's previous TV work.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2657468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blue Knight (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"The Blue Knight (TV series) The Blue Knight is an American CBS crime TV series, running in 1975 and 1976, starring George Kennedy as Officer Bumper Morgan. The show was based on the novel by Joseph Wambaugh (\\\"The Blue Knight\\\") and produced by Lorimar Productions. It was also inspired by the 1973 TV film \\\"The Blue Knight\\\", starring William Holden, which ran before the TV show premiered. Bumper Morgan is a veteran police officer in Los Angeles, who continues to patrol the streets in uniform. The series dealt with Morgan's daily dealings with dangerous criminals and drug dealers. Guest stars\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16038002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Blue Knight (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"included Jim Davis, Robert Hays, Vivi Janiss, Harry Lauter, Gerald McRaney, Bruce Glover, Robert Hoy, and Lee Weaver. After a run of twenty-six episodes the series was cancelled by CBS. The Blue Knight (TV series) The Blue Knight is an American CBS crime TV series, running in 1975 and 1976, starring George Kennedy as Officer Bumper Morgan. The show was based on the novel by Joseph Wambaugh (\\\"The Blue Knight\\\") and produced by Lorimar Productions. It was also inspired by the 1973 TV film \\\"The Blue Knight\\\", starring William Holden, which ran before the TV show premiered. Bumper Morgan is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16038003\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"Intelligence Service Squadron) be charged with UFO investigations. In July 1952, after a build-up of hundreds of sightings over the previous few months, a series of radar detections coincident with visual sightings were observed near the National Airport in Washington, D.C. (see 1952 Washington D.C. UFO incident). Future Arizona Senator and 2008 presidential nominee John McCain is alleged to be one of these witnesses. After much publicity, these sightings led the Central Intelligence Agency to establish a panel of scientists headed by Dr. H. P. Robertson, a physicist of the California Institute of Technology, which included various physicists, meteorologists, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Varginha UFO incident\",\n \"text\": \"Varginha UFO incident Varginha UFO incident is the name given to a series of events involving the alleged sighting and capture by the military of an extraterrestrial being in Varginha, Brazil, in 1996. Such reports were first broadcast on the Sunday TV show \\\"Fantástico\\\" of Rede Globo, and gathered media coverage worldwide, including an article in \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\". It has since become a well-known case in modern Brazilian ufology. The Brazilian government has officially denied any claims of being involved in the capture of extraterrestrial biological entities (EBEs), but some theorists claim otherwise, accusing the government of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3213489\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Nationwide Project\",\n \"text\": \"The Nationwide Project The \\\"Nationwide\\\" Project was an influential media audience research project conducted by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, England, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Its principal researchers were David Morley and Charlotte Brunsdon. The Media Group at the CCCS selected the BBC television current affairs programme \\\"Nationwide\\\" to study the encoding/decoding model, a part of reception theory, developed by Stuart Hall. This study was concerned with \\\"the programme's distinctive ideological themes and with the particular ways in which \\\"Nationwide\\\" addressed the viewer\\\". This first part of the study was published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7824117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Blue Book\",\n \"text\": \"was by simple reclassification. \\\"Possible cases\\\" became \\\"probable\\\", and \\\"probable\\\" cases were upgraded to certainties. By this logic, a \\\"possible\\\" comet became a \\\"probable\\\" comet, while a probable comet was flatly declared to have been a misidentified comet. Similarly, if a witness reported an observation of an unusual balloon-\\\"like\\\" object, Blue Book usually classified it as a balloon, with no research and qualification. These procedures became standard for most of Blue Book's later investigations; see Hynek's comments below. Major Robert J. Friend was appointed the head of Blue Book in 1958. Friend made some attempts to reverse the direction Blue\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2798031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Project Condign\",\n \"text\": \"did not shed any new light on UFOs or the UFO phenomenon, but did show that the DIS had been conducting a far larger investigation of the topic than it had previously revealed. Project Condign Project Condign (not to be confused with the Condon Committee) was a secret UFO study undertaken by the British Government's Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) between 1997 and 2000. The results of Project Condign were compiled into a 400-page document titled \\\"Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region\\\" that drew on approximately 10,000 sightings and reports that had been gathered by the DI55, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9233808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mantell UFO incident\",\n \"text\": \"and Project Blue Book. Hynek had supplied Project Sign with the Venus explanation in 1948, mainly because Venus had been in the same place in the sky that Mantell's UFO was observed. However, by 1952 Dr. Hynek had concluded that the Venus explanation was incorrect, because \\\"Venus wasn't bright enough to be seen\\\" by Mantell and the other witnesses, and because a considerable haze was present that would have further obscured the planet in the sky. Ruppelt also noted Dr. Hynek's statement that Venus, even if visible, would have been a \\\"pinpoint of light\\\", but that eyewitness \\\"descriptions plainly indicated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2885692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blue Book (FCC)\",\n \"text\": \"throughout the news industry including advertisers, editors, readers, and reporters. The commission interviewed FCC commissioner and head of the Blue Book study, Clifford Durr and FCC chairman, Lawrence Fly and studied the Blue Book closely to draw its conclusions. In March 1947, the commission released its report and like the Blue Book outlined the need for the press to service programming for the community to clarify societal goals and values. Blue Book (FCC) Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees was a report published in 1946 by the (U.S.) Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which sought to require radio broadcasters in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4566314\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["airforce","air force","air-force","air force","air combat units","air forces","air forces"],"string":"[\n \"airforce\",\n \"air force\",\n \"air-force\",\n \"air force\",\n \"air combat units\",\n \"air forces\",\n \"air forces\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78588,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what washington city, incorporated on nov 29, 1881, uses the motto near nature, near perfect?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"first such game since Mike Mussina's bid for a perfect game on September 2, 2001, which was broken up by 27th batter Carl Everett. It was also the third time for a Tigers pitcher to come so close to a perfect game, as Milt Wilcox also missed getting the 27th straight batter out on April 15, 1983, and Tommy Bridges missed the 27th batter on August 5, 1932. Galarraga's near-perfect game was the tenth time in major league history that the 27th batter in a game broke up what was (to that point) a perfect game. One other instance of","psg_id":"14622069"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"second and third base on defensive indifference during Trevor Crowe's at-bat, until Crowe grounded out to Brandon Inge, ending the game in a 3–0 victory for the Tigers. Only four days before Galarraga's near-perfect outing, Roy Halladay pitched a perfect game for the Philadelphia Phillies, and just twenty days prior to that, Dallas Braden threw a perfect game for the Oakland Athletics. Halladay's and Braden's perfect games had been the first pair of such games to occur in the same season during the modern era, let alone the same month. Joyce served as the second base umpire for Braden's perfect","psg_id":"14622066"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"only time that three perfect games had occurred in a span shorter than a month, the only time four perfect games had occurred in a span shorter than a year (as Mark Buehrle of the Chicago White Sox threw a perfect game in July 2009), and the only time that four perfect games had occurred within a stretch of five no-hitters. This would have also marked the first perfect game in the Tigers' 110-year history. The 83 pitches thrown before the blown call would have been the fewest pitches in a perfect game since 1908. Galarraga's near-perfect game was the","psg_id":"14622068"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"downtown businesses, taking advantage of the ambitions of the movement, began specifically targeting an integrated clientele and even a predominantly black one. This meant that even the growing black population of Old City/Near Northeast began patronizing the prestigious department stores of downtown Washington, and the neighborhood businesses suffered as a result. The neighborhood was devastated by the race riot that ripped Washington for the three days following Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in April 1968. Order was restored with the assistance of the US military brought in to assist the DC Police. Looting, vandalism, and arson made Near Northeast one","psg_id":"7513557"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game In a Major League Baseball game played on June 2, 2010, at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan, Detroit Tigers pitcher Armando Galarraga nearly became the 21st pitcher in Major League history to throw a perfect game. Facing the Cleveland Indians, Galarraga retired the first 26 batters he faced, but his bid for a perfect game was ruined one out short when first base umpire Jim Joyce incorrectly ruled that Indians batter Jason Donald reached first base safely on a ground ball. Galarraga instead finished with a one-hit shutout in a 3–0 victory. He faced 28 batters","psg_id":"14622062"},{"title":"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy","text":"senior positions in the administrations of presidents George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. As of December 12, 2018 the Washington Institute's advisory board included: Previous board members The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States as it pertains to the countries in the Near East. Established in 1985, the institute's mission statement says that it seeks \"to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East","psg_id":"5604828"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"was presented with a \"Medal of Reasonableness\" by Jon Stewart at the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear for his measured response. On July 14, 2010, Joyce and Galarraga together presented the ESPY Award for Best Moment at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles. The winner was the stoppage-time goal scored by Landon Donovan for the US National Team versus Algeria at the 2010 World Cup. Galarraga and Joyce, along with Daniel Paisner, released a book titled \"Nobody's Perfect\", chronicling their experiences during and after the game. In June 2011, one year after the near-perfect game, Major League Baseball put","psg_id":"14622083"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"as it was before the 1968 riots when most white residents left. The \"Uline Arena\", more popularly known as \"Washington Coliseum\", has long been an important anchor of the community. It was the site of the first Beatles concert in the United States on February 11, 1964, and also hosted the Washington Lions of the old Eastern Hockey League; speeches by Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X; and pro-American rallies during World War II. The building still stands; as of 2017 is now an REI. Of the many movie theaters in Old City/Near Northeast, two of the most prominent still stand","psg_id":"7513560"},{"title":"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy","text":"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States as it pertains to the countries in the Near East. Established in 1985, the institute's mission statement says that it seeks \"to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East and to promote the policies that secure them.\" WINEP was started in 1985 by founding chairwoman Barbi Weinberg of Los, Angeles, CA. Martin Indyk, an Australian-trained academic and former deputy director of","psg_id":"5604809"},{"title":"Near (company)","text":"Near (company) Near is a privately held ambient intelligence platform founded in Nov 2012 having direct presence in Australia, Japan, South East Asia, India, Europe, and United States. Near is headquartered in Singapore. Near was founded as AdNear in Bangalore by Anil Mathews, who continues to serve as the CEO of the company. In its early days, the Near Platform used data from mobile towers and wifi networks to determine a person's location. With the large scale adoption of GPS-enabled smart phones and devices, the current platform processes GPS-based location data as well. The Near Platform utilizing location-indexed data was","psg_id":"17344117"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"on their location: Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Near Northeast is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by North Capitol Street to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, F Street to the south, and 15th Street to the east. Once a patchwork of several different landowners' claims, most of the land had been ceded to one landowner, Notley Young, under the name of Youngsborough by the 1790s. Youngsborough was included shortly thereafter in the original survey of land for the new national capital, and Young and a few other landowners gave the land to the Federal government","psg_id":"7513565"},{"title":"Near (company)","text":"descriptions across markets in APAC, Japan, Europe and US making it one of the most powerful platforms. More than 300 global brands use Near to get intelligence about their consumers, and act on it. Use cases of ambient intelligence include mapping consumer journey, audience curation, omni-channel marketing, retail analytics, market research, CRM Onboarding, OOH analytics, Offline attribution measurement, macro-economic urban planning and others. The utility, relevance and business impact of Near’s platform and products has been recognized internationally. Listed below are awards of note: Near (company) Near is a privately held ambient intelligence platform founded in Nov 2012 having direct","psg_id":"17344120"},{"title":"Near-ring","text":"Near-ring In mathematics, a near-ring (also near ring or nearring) is an algebraic structure similar to a ring but satisfying fewer axioms. Near-rings arise naturally from functions on groups. A set \"N\" together with two binary operations + (called \"addition\") and ⋅ (called \"multiplication\") is called a (right) \"near-ring\" if: Similarly, it is possible to define a \"left near-ring\" by replacing the right distributive law A3 by the corresponding left distributive law. Both right and left near-rings occur in the literature; for instance, the book of Pilz uses right near-rings, while the book of Clay uses left near-rings. An immediate","psg_id":"3457888"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Near Northeast is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by North Capitol Street to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, F Street to the south, and 15th Street to the east. Once a patchwork of several different landowners' claims, most of the land had been ceded to one landowner, Notley Young, under the name of Youngsborough by the 1790s. Youngsborough was included shortly thereafter in the original survey of land for the new national capital, and Young and a few other landowners gave the land to the Federal government in exchange for","psg_id":"7513551"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"a rule into effect that Joyce cannot umpire any games in which Galarraga's team plays. Due to the book release, the two are now business partners, and this relationship could affect Joyce's impartiality while umpiring Galarraga's team. It is similar to the policy that prevented umpire Jim Wolf from being the plate umpire in games that his younger brother Randy pitched in. Singer-songwriter Dan Bern composed and recorded a song, \"Joyce and Galarraga\", about the game. It appears on his 2012 album of baseball-themed songs, \"Doubleheader\". Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game In a Major League Baseball game played on June 2,","psg_id":"14622084"},{"title":"The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague","text":"his letters to Theo. Biographers have suggested that at this time they made a pact together to pursue a career in art. The watercolor sold for £2,322,500 at Christies, London, on 23 June 2015. The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague The 'Laakmolen' near the Hague is a watercolor by Vincent van Gogh that he made in the summer of 1882. Formerly it was thought to have dated from his Etten period 1881. Following identification of the mill, historians now place it the year following. Both Hulsker and De La Faille place the work as done at Etten around October 1881. Hulsker","psg_id":"18896362"},{"title":"Holly Near","text":"Washington, DC where she sang \"We Are Gentle Angry People\" and \"Fired Up\" a capella. The following year, Near was named among the \"1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize\". Near continues an active tour schedule and had a discography of 29 albums. She is still active as a performer and composer, and she has begun issuing CDs available through her website that include tracks from her out-of-print albums. Her song \"Singing For Our Lives\" appears in \"Singing the Living Tradition\", the official hymnal of the Unitarian Universalist Association, under the title \"We Are A Gentle, Angry People\" (Hymn #170).","psg_id":"3593180"},{"title":"Bridge near Kemer","text":"Bridge near Kemer The Bridge near Seydikemer was a Roman segmental arch bridge near the ancient city of Xanthos in Lycia, in modern-day southwestern Turkey. Its remains are located on the upper reaches of the Xanthos river (\"Koca Çayı\"), 4 km upstream from the town of Seydikemer, at a site where the gravel river bed reaches a width of 500 m. Only a 29 m long and 4.5 m wide section on the right river bank, outside the inundation zone, is left today, having once served as approach to the bridge proper. Despite its near-complete destruction, the bridge represents a","psg_id":"13111543"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"development, therefore, began to develop along H Street. The area was also the site of Swampoodle Grounds, a baseball stadium which was the home of the Washington Nationals baseball club from 1886 to 1889, when the team folded. Near Northeast evolved into mixed neighborhood. It was a major center of black population in the first half of the 20th century as well as a significant neighborhood for immigrant populations from Ireland, Germany, Greece, Italy and Eastern Europe. Union Station's construction destroyed the poor Irish neighborhood known as Swampoodle, buried Tiber Creek and allowed for development to increase. Today, Near Northeast","psg_id":"7513554"},{"title":"The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague","text":"The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague The 'Laakmolen' near the Hague is a watercolor by Vincent van Gogh that he made in the summer of 1882. Formerly it was thought to have dated from his Etten period 1881. Following identification of the mill, historians now place it the year following. Both Hulsker and De La Faille place the work as done at Etten around October 1881. Hulsker notes that the work is not mentioned anywhere and is difficult to place. Christie's, following Martha Op de Coul, date the watercolor as done later in summer 1882 after van Gogh had moved to","psg_id":"18896360"},{"title":"Near Northwest, Texas","text":"Near Northwest, Texas Near Northwest is a district located in Harris County, Texas, partly within the city limits of Houston and partly in an unincorporated area. It is governed by the Near Northwest Management District, with its headquarters at the White Oak Conference Center, 7603 Antoine Dr, Houston, Texas. The State of Texas established the management district in 2001. As of the 1990 Census, 55,908 lived in what would become the district. As of the 2000 Census 67,034 lived in what is now the district. A 2008 estimate stated that 71,013 lived in the Near Northwest district. A 2013 projection","psg_id":"15311579"},{"title":"Bridge near Kemer","text":"Possibly, the bridge can be also linked with the pass trail to Oinoanda. Bridge near Kemer The Bridge near Seydikemer was a Roman segmental arch bridge near the ancient city of Xanthos in Lycia, in modern-day southwestern Turkey. Its remains are located on the upper reaches of the Xanthos river (\"Koca Çayı\"), 4 km upstream from the town of Seydikemer, at a site where the gravel river bed reaches a width of 500 m. Only a 29 m long and 4.5 m wide section on the right river bank, outside the inundation zone, is left today, having once served as","psg_id":"13111549"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"the whites-only Moderne style Atlas Theater at 1331 H Street and its black counterpart, the Plymouth Theater, down the block at 1365 H Street. Like the theaters, most of the businesses in the H Street corridor (and elsewhere in Old City) were strictly segregated, but some businesses (an unusual number of which were black-owned) catered to both black and white customers. By 1950, however, approximately 50 percent of the residents of Old City/Near Northeast were African American. The emerging Civil Rights Movement touched off a decline in the H Street corridor and other commercial areas of Near Northeast; the upscale","psg_id":"7513556"},{"title":"Near Northwest, Texas","text":"of Near Northwest. Some apartment complexes in Near Northwest are zoned to both Houston ISD and Aldine ISD. Specific units within the complexes are earmarked for HISD and for AISD. Near Northwest, Texas Near Northwest is a district located in Harris County, Texas, partly within the city limits of Houston and partly in an unincorporated area. It is governed by the Near Northwest Management District, with its headquarters at the White Oak Conference Center, 7603 Antoine Dr, Houston, Texas. The State of Texas established the management district in 2001. As of the 1990 Census, 55,908 lived in what would become","psg_id":"15311583"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"vague Western boundary to the triangle, has supported the informal term \"FSHNET\", referencing the three bounds: Florida, Swampoodle, H street North East Triangle. Near Northeast is served by two stations on the Red Line of the Washington Metro: Union Station and the NoMa – Gallaudet University station which was renamed in June 2012 from the name New York Ave–Florida Ave–Gallaudet University Metro station. Since both of these metro stations are on the western side of the neighborhood, several bus lines bring commuters to the above stations. A modern streetcar runs from the back of Union Station down to Benning Road","psg_id":"7513563"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"since February 27, 2016. It is the first in Washington, DC since the previous system was dismantled in 1962. As part of the city's Sustainability Plan, DDOT has also added several bikes lanes running east to west on G Street NE and I Street NE as well as north to south on 4th Street NE and 6th Street NE. Multiple Capital Bikeshare stations have also been added in several key areas of the neighborhood. Near Northeast is located in entirely in Ward 6 and represented locally by a Council Member. Its citizens are represented by two Advisory Neighborhood Commissions depending","psg_id":"7513564"},{"title":"Near-threatened species","text":"Near-threatened species A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as \"Near Threatened\" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status. The IUCN notes the importance of re-evaluating near-threatened taxon at appropriate intervals. The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Near-threatened species evaluated from 2001 onwards may also be ones which are dependent on conservation efforts to","psg_id":"8029718"},{"title":"Near-threatened species","text":"be designated simply \"Near Threatened (NT)\" in either case. Near-threatened species A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as \"Near Threatened\" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status. The IUCN notes the importance of re-evaluating near-threatened taxon at appropriate intervals. The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Near-threatened species evaluated from 2001 onwards may also","psg_id":"8029720"},{"title":"Near-field optics","text":"Near-field optics Near-field optics is that branch of optics that considers configurations that depend on the passage of light to, from, through, or near an element with subwavelength features, and the coupling of that light to a second element located a subwavelength distance from the first. The barrier of spatial resolution imposed by the very nature of light itself in conventional optical microscopy contributed significantly to the development of near-field optical devices, most notably the near-field scanning optical microscope, or NSOM. The limit of optical resolution in a conventional microscope, the so-called diffraction limit, is in the order of half","psg_id":"9626368"},{"title":"Royal City, Washington","text":"Royal City, Washington Royal City is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,140 at the 2010 census. Royal City was founded in 1956 and officially incorporated on February 14, 1962. The townsite was previously named Royal Flats, and the entire area Royal Slope, thus the name Royal City. During the 1960s, there was a Titan I ICBM silo located near the town. Today, this small farming community is most known for producing a wide variety of crops, thanks to a long growing season. Apples, cherries, peaches, timothy and alfalfa hay, melons, potatoes, onions, wine grapes,","psg_id":"1245635"},{"title":"Near-miss Johnson solid","text":"Near-miss Johnson solid In geometry, a near-miss Johnson solid is a strictly convex polyhedron whose faces are close to being regular polygons but some or all of which are not precisely regular. Thus, it fails to meet the definition of a Johnson solid, a polyhedron whose faces are all regular, though it \"can often be physically constructed without noticing the discrepancy\" between its regular and irregular faces. The precise number of near misses depends on how closely the faces of such a polyhedron are required to approximate regular polygons. Some high symmetry near-misses are also symmetrohedra with some perfect regular","psg_id":"7027777"},{"title":"Kids Near Water","text":"9 Token 10 Be Careful 1 Kids Near Water - They Wiping Us Out 2 Kids Near Water - Practice Our Miracles 3 Kids Near Water - If You Only Knew 4 America Is Waiting - Sympathy For Rome 5 America Is Waiting - Separation Between 6 America Is Waiting - We'll Hammer These Swords Into Guitars 7 Coalfield, The - Portrait Receiver 8 Coalfield, The - Isolation & Tragedy 9 Coalfield, The - Perfect Fusion 1 So This Is How It Begins 2 Bang After Bang After Bang After Bang After Bang 3 Theme Song Of Master Yoo 4","psg_id":"15435109"},{"title":"Infinitely near point","text":"Infinitely near point In algebraic geometry, an infinitely near point of an algebraic surface \"S\" is a point on a surface obtained from \"S\" by repeatedly blowing up points. Infinitely near points of algebraic surfaces were introduced by . There are some other meanings of \"infinitely near point\". Infinitely near points can also be defined for higher-dimensional varieties: there are several inequivalent ways to do this, depending on what one is allowed to blow up. Weil gave a definition of infinitely near points of smooth varieties, though these are not the same as infinitely near points in algebraic geometry. In","psg_id":"9347089"},{"title":"Near North Career Metropolitan High School","text":"School. In July 2010, community activist and Chicago Teachers Union members protested that more school buildings were needed and the building be reopen for public school purpose. In May 2012, the school building was purchased by the Chicago Housing Authority and will be use for mixed-income residential and open space uses. In September 2013, a group of old town and near north side residents started a petition for the city of Chicago to demolish the school building and build a city park on the site. Near North Career Metropolitan High School Near North Career Metropolitan High School (also known as","psg_id":"15165903"},{"title":"The Singularity Is Near","text":"clean methodical sentences, includes humorous dialogues with characters in the future and past, and uses graphs that are almost always accessible.\" while his colleague Alex Beam points out that \"Singularitarians have been greeted with hooting skepticism\" Janet Maslin in \"The New York Times\" wrote \"\"The Singularity is Near\" is startling in scope and bravado\", but says \"much of his thinking tends to be pie in the sky\". She observes that he's more focused on optimistic outcomes rather than the risks. In 2006, Barry Ptolemy and his production company Ptolemaic Productions licensed the rights to \"The Singularity Is Near\" from Kurzweil.","psg_id":"3360548"},{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","text":"Near-infrared spectroscopy Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm). Typical applications include medical and physiological diagnostics and research including blood sugar, pulse oximetry, functional neuroimaging, sports medicine, elite sports training, ergonomics, rehabilitation, neonatal research, brain computer interface, urology (bladder contraction), and neurology (neurovascular coupling). There are also applications in other areas as well such as pharmaceutical, food and agrochemical quality control, atmospheric chemistry, combustion research and astronomy. Near-infrared spectroscopy is based on molecular overtone and combination vibrations. Such transitions are forbidden by the selection rules","psg_id":"3744423"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"the call, and were overwhelmingly against (77%) instituting replay for calls on the bases. On June 3, White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said during his morning press briefing, \"I hope that baseball awards a perfect game to that pitcher\", joking that the White House was \"going to work on an executive order\" to that effect. He elaborated, \"To watch an umpire take responsibility and to watch a pitcher do what he did, the type of sportsmanship that was exhibited there—I think that gives a lot of heart (...) I think it's tremendously heartening to see somebody understand that they","psg_id":"14622080"},{"title":"Near-death studies","text":"measurements in his research, for example \"The Dissociative Experiences Scale\"; a measure of dissociative symptoms, and \"The Threat Index\"; a measure of the threat implied by one's personal death. The field of near-death studies includes several communities that study the phenomenology of NDE's. The largest of these communities is IANDS, an international organization based in Durham, North-Carolina, that encourages scientific research and education on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual nature and ramifications of near-death experiences. Among its publications we find the peer-reviewed \"Journal of Near-Death Studies\", and the quarterly newsletter \"Vital Signs\".<ref name=\"IANDS REV 4/11 \">IANDS. \"Near-Death Experiences: Is","psg_id":"3959984"},{"title":"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881","text":"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, Eugène Lisbonne, is a law that defines the freedoms and responsibilities of the media and publishers in France. It provides a legal framework for publications and regulates the display of advertisements on public roads. Although it has been amended several times since its enactment, it remains in force to the present day. It is often regarded as the foundational legal statement on","psg_id":"12058705"},{"title":"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881","text":"the French press is held by some to have contributed to the \"decadence\" that crippled the Third Republic in the 1930s. Raymond Kuhn suggests that towards the end of the Third Republic in the late 1930s, abuses of the Press Law's freedoms \"contribute[d] to the destabilisation of the political system when economic crisis and political scandal rocked the regime.\" Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, Eugène Lisbonne, is","psg_id":"12058719"},{"title":"Naval battle near Hel","text":"undertake activities directed against the Commonwealth. In July 1571, a squadron of eighteen Danish ships under Admiral Frank entered the waters of the Gdańsk Bay. On July 29 near Hel, the Danes destroyed two Polish ships, commanded by Krzysztof Minckenbeck and Bar, after which a Danish landing party penetrated into Hel Peninsula without resistance. On the same day Danish ships entered the Bay of Puck, where eight Polish ships plus five captured units were stationed near the port city of Puck. The Danes broke the resistance of Polish privateers and captured all ships, taking them to Copenhagen. As a result","psg_id":"18075426"},{"title":"Großes Moor (near Becklingen)","text":"Heath Nature Reserve, the \"Schießplatz Unterlüß\" the firm of Rheinmetall and the \"Großen Heide\" near Unterlüß, the Kiehnmoor and Brambostel Moor, the bogs near Sittensen, the Ostenholz Moor, the Meißendorf Lakes and the Bannetzer Moor this part of the Lüneburg Heath provides a home to the largest single community of black grouse in the North German Plain. Großes Moor (near Becklingen) The Großes Moor near Becklingen () is a nature reserve in Germany with an area of , of which lie in Celle district and in Soltau-Fallingbostel district. Since 16 December 1985 the area has been protected under conservation law.","psg_id":"13459709"},{"title":"Holly Near","text":"what politicized them. It is what feeds their emotional and spiritual perspectives. I totally honor this. Even though sexual preference is maybe 5th or 10th on my personal list of priorities now, I will always work for all of us to have self determination over our bodies, our identities, our relationship choices.\" In 2014, Near was diagnosed with breast cancer. With early detection, she had successful surgery and radiation but did not need to do chemotherapy. Near spent one year traveling across the US camping out of her car and staying with friends. She then went to Argentina and Chile","psg_id":"3593185"},{"title":"Near money","text":"immediate withdrawal, but in many circumstances the difference is not important. Such assets are therefore often also regarded as \"near money\". Near money Near money (synonym: quasi-money) is a term used in economics to describe highly liquid assets which are not cash but can easily be converted into cash. Examples of near money are as follows: Over the past three centuries what has been accepted by the public as money has been expanded from gold and silver coins to include first bank notes and then bank deposits subject to transfer by check (cheque). Until recently, most economists would have agreed","psg_id":"4261737"},{"title":"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy","text":"years, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy has helped the United States government better understand and respond to big policy challenges focused in the Middle East.\" — Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel The organization has been criticized for having strong ties to the pro-Israel lobbying group AIPAC and for being founded by a former AIPAC employee. In a December 2003 interview on \"Al Jazeera\", Rashid Khalidi, a Palestinian-American professor and director of Columbia University's Middle East Institute, sharply criticized WINEP, stating that it is \"the fiercest of the enemies of the Arabs and the Muslims\", and describing it as","psg_id":"5604825"},{"title":"Hands On Children's Museum","text":"Hands On Children's Museum Hands On Children's Museum is a children's museum in Olympia, Washington, USA. It was founded in 1987 and received over 150,000 visitors a year at its old location near the Washington State Capitol. After moving to its new, permanent home on Olympia's East Bay, at 414 Jefferson Street on Olympia's East Bay, visitorship grew to over 300,000 in its first year (Nov 2012-Nov 2013). The New Hands On Children's Museum, geared for children ages 0–11, features 8 themed galleries focusing on science and nature, plus an enhanced Arts & Parts Studio. The galleries include: \"Good For","psg_id":"15870502"},{"title":"Near-sourcing","text":"choice. For many businesses the question is not so much whether to near-source, but how, to what extent, and which parts of the business might be suitable. Services that can be near-sourced are manufacturing and production, customer service representatives, and IT services. In cases of near-sourcing, the business firm is often responding to rising costs in supply chains as well as rising costs associated with sourcing labor (of any kind) in developing nations. Near-sourcing services can reduce the overall cost of the employee to the company, by requiring payment only for work rendered and eliminating extra costs such as insurance","psg_id":"18420746"},{"title":"Don't Go Near the Park","text":"lift the curse and become immortal by finding a virgin's soul they can sacrifice, with the brother fathering a daughter for that purpose. \"Don't Go Near the Park\" received mostly negative reviews upon its release. Allmovie wrote, \"There are movies that are bad and then there are movies so bad they are mindblowing. \"Don't Go Near the Park\" is a perfect fit in the latter category.\" Todd Martin from \"HorrorNews.net\" panned the film, calling it \"a goofy, boring, ridiculous mess of a film that is just pretty much pointless in every possible way.\" Ian Jane from DVD Talk called it","psg_id":"11321517"},{"title":"Near East","text":"does not appear in the table. Its name, however, is not entirely accurate. For example, its region includes Mauritania, a member of the State Department's Africa (Sub-Sahara). The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \"North Africa\". Details can be found in \"Policy Focus","psg_id":"1695378"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"game. The twenty days between Braden's perfect game and Halladay's was the shortest span between two perfect games since 1880 and there was a chance that for the first time in MLB history there would be three perfect games in such short succession. Had Galarraga's game been correctly called, the four-day span since Halladay's perfect game would have broken that 130-year-old record, and marked the only time that three consecutive no-hitters had been perfect games, the only time that three perfect games had occurred in one season (since done in 2012 by Philip Humber, Matt Cain and Félix Hernández), the","psg_id":"14622067"},{"title":"Near East","text":"following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct. Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, \"The Conflict of Color\", as \"the Near and Middle East\". The total super-region consisted of \"India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Minor, and last, but not least, Egypt.\" Simpson (under his pen-name, Weale) explains that this entire region \"is politically one region – in spite of the divisions into which it is academically divided.\" His own term revives \"the Nearer East\" as opposed","psg_id":"1695366"},{"title":"Near East","text":"Near East. The Ottoman Empire was gone, along with all the other empires of the 19th century, replaced with independent republics. Someone had to reconcile the present with the past. This duty was inherited by various specialized agencies that were formed to handle specific aspects of international relations, now so complex as to be beyond the scope and abilities of a diplomatic corps in the former sense. The ancient Near East is frozen in time. The living Near East is primarily what the agencies say it is. In most cases this single term is inadequate to describe the geographical range","psg_id":"1695374"},{"title":"Near money","text":"Near money Near money (synonym: quasi-money) is a term used in economics to describe highly liquid assets which are not cash but can easily be converted into cash. Examples of near money are as follows: Over the past three centuries what has been accepted by the public as money has been expanded from gold and silver coins to include first bank notes and then bank deposits subject to transfer by check (cheque). Until recently, most economists would have agreed that money stopped at that point. No such agreement exists today, and the definition of money appropriate to present circumstances is","psg_id":"4261732"},{"title":"The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise","text":"The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise is an 1873 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the river Oise near the market town of Pontoise. Painted in the early days of Impressionism, this rural landscape uses gently luminous colors and loose brushwork to capture the atmospheric conditions of a silvery-grey, overcast day. While the surface texture is sensuous, the firm compositional network, Pissarro's hallmark, locks the road, river, field, and sky together tightly. Encroaching on the French landscape","psg_id":"17056459"},{"title":"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881","text":"In addition, the law regulates advertising and permits property owners to forbid the posting of advertisements on their properties. References to the law are frequently seen on French walls where signs proclaim \"\"Defense d'afficher - loi du 29 Juillet 1881\"\" (\"posters forbidden - law of 29 July 1881\"). One of the most important reforms instituted by the Press Law was a major reduction in the previously extensive range of activities deemed libelous. Libel is defined concisely as \"any allegation or imputation of fact striking a blow at the honour or the consideration of a person or a body to which","psg_id":"12058710"},{"title":"The Singularity Is Near","text":"download and a trailer is available. The 2014 film Lucy is roughly based upon the predictions made by Kurzweil about what the year 2045 will look like, including the immortality of man. The Singularity Is Near The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology is a 2005 non-fiction book about artificial intelligence and the future of humanity by inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil. The book builds on the ideas introduced in Kurzweil's previous books, \"The Age of Intelligent Machines\" (1990) and \"The Age of Spiritual Machines\" (1999). This time, however, Kurzweil embraces the term \"the Singularity\", which was popularized by","psg_id":"3360550"},{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","text":"CO content change. In this case, calibration is performed by adjusting the zero control of the sample being tested after purposefully supplying 0% CO or another known amount of CO in the sample. Normal compressed gas from distributors contains about 95% O and 5% CO, which can also be used to adjust %CO meter reading to be exactly 5% at initial calibration. Near-infrared spectroscopy Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm). Typical applications include medical and physiological diagnostics and research including blood sugar, pulse oximetry,","psg_id":"3744442"},{"title":"Near (Death Note)","text":"his kind of puppets he used\". Near is the youngest of L's two possible successors raised in Wammy's House, Watari's orphanage for gifted children, in Winchester, England. Of the successors, Near is more level-headed, calmly assessing the situation, while the other, Mello, is more emotional and quicker to act. Much like L, Near shows various odd behaviors during his normal life. He is usually seen hunched over rather than sitting. He also constantly plays with various toys, which he uses in his theories, as well as idly twirling or stroking strands of his hair. He shows a great respect for","psg_id":"11837348"},{"title":"Pinkney L. Near","text":"University of Virginia Press. Near, along with two other art experts, Julien Binford (professor emeritus at Mary Washington College in Fredericksburg, Virginia) and William Campbell (Curator of American Paintings at the National Gallery of Art in Washington) selected the paintings by the deceased artist Gari Melchers for permanent display in the Gari Melchers Memorial Gallery at Belmont, the Falmouth, Virginia home of the artist. He was an author of many of the VMFA exhibition catalogs and illustrated books including \"French Paintings: The Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon\". Following the death of Pinkney Near in 1990 a series of","psg_id":"19016180"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"\"I would tell [Galarraga], 'I feel for you. There have been only 20 perfect games in the history of baseball. The umpire situation was the same one I had—they blew it. At least I had the satisfaction of getting the no-hitter. You don't. I feel for you. You pitched a tremendous game. At least you have the satisfaction of the umpire saying he was sorry. But that doesn't help your situation as far as a perfect game.\" Pappas' own bid for a perfect game on September 2, 1972, was spoiled when umpire Bruce Froemming called a borderline 3-and-2 pitch to","psg_id":"14622076"},{"title":"Near-surface geophysics","text":"be used to detect near surface density anomalies, such as those associated with sinkholes and old mine workings, with repeat monitoring allowing near-surface changes over these to be quantified. Ground penetrating radar is one of the most popularly used near-surface geophysics in forensic archaeology, forensic geophysics, geotechnical investigation, treasure hunting, and hydrogeology, with typical penetration depths down to 10m below ground level, depending upon local soil and rock conditions, although this depends upon the central frequency transmitter/receiver antennae utilised. Bulk ground conductivity typically uses transmitter/receiver pairs to obtain primary/secondary EM signals from the surrounding environment (note potential difficulty in urban","psg_id":"15928922"},{"title":"Near miss (safety)","text":"paperwork exercise and a waste of time; it is possible to achieve a ratio of 100 near misses reported per loss event. Achieving and investigating a high ratio of near misses will find the causal factors and root causes of potential future accidents, resulting in about 95% reduction in actual losses. An ideal near miss event reporting system includes both mandatory (for incidents with high loss potential) and voluntary, non-punitive reporting by witnesses. A key to any near miss report is the \"lesson learned\". Near miss reporters can describe what they observed of the beginning of the event, and the","psg_id":"8292778"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"1830s, the B&O Railroad constructed its Washington Branch, which entered the city of Washington at roughly 9th and Boundary Streets and proceeded through the neighborhood to the downtown area. Its presence gradually led Old City to evolve into a working-class neighborhood: wood and coal yards appeared to serve the railroad and its terminals, with houses subsequently built for the employees of the railroad industries. The neighborhood remained undeveloped and sparsely populated through the end of the 19th century, although by the 1890s, H Street NE was the eastern terminus of the Washington streetcar system (at 15th Street). Some minor commercial","psg_id":"7513553"},{"title":"Houghton, Washington","text":"a residential area just east of the Burlington Northern tracks on the grounds of what became Northwest University. Many workers for the shipyards near Houghton lived there. Today the shipyards are the site of the lakeside Carillon Point business park. Houghton, Washington Houghton is one of the lakeside neighborhoods of the city of Kirkland, Washington. Consisting mostly of upscale, single-family homes, Houghton overlooks Lake Washington and is one of the wealthier districts of the Eastside suburbs of Seattle. The village was named for Willard Houghton, a local lumberman. Houghton incorporated in 1948. The city of Houghton was annexed by Kirkland","psg_id":"4646785"},{"title":"Near (Death Note)","text":"L, basing much of how he solves crime on L's methods, even to the point where he only takes cases that he is interested in rather than trying to pursue justice. The Kira case—as a case L died trying to solve—naturally becomes his first one. Near uses the Wedding text font \"N\" and \"L\" to represent himself and the fake L, respectively. In the aftermath, he used Old English MT font \"L\" like the original L did. Sometime after L's death, Near works for the United States under the SPK (Special Provision for Kira) team that is established to investigate","psg_id":"11837349"},{"title":"Großes Moor (near Becklingen)","text":"Großes Moor (near Becklingen) The Großes Moor near Becklingen () is a nature reserve in Germany with an area of , of which lie in Celle district and in Soltau-Fallingbostel district. Since 16 December 1985 the area has been protected under conservation law. An area of is designated as a special area of conservation (\"FFH-Gebiet\"). The name literally means \"Large Bog near Becklingen\" and it lies on the Lüneburg Heath, south of Wietzendorf and east of Becklingen, part of the borough of Bergen. The River Meiße has its source in this raised bog. The original bog had been drained since","psg_id":"13459707"},{"title":"Timeline of the near future","text":"the Gregorian Calendar.</onlyinclude> Timeline of the near future This is a timeline of the near future, covering predicted or calculated events from the present until the end of the 23rd century. <onlyinclude>*2100: On March 14 (which will be February 29 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar has the same day of the week for each day of the year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February","psg_id":"15707035"},{"title":"Timeline of the near future","text":"Timeline of the near future This is a timeline of the near future, covering predicted or calculated events from the present until the end of the 23rd century. <onlyinclude>*2100: On March 14 (which will be February 29 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar has the same day of the week for each day of the year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February 28, 2200 of","psg_id":"15707034"},{"title":"Near East B.C.","text":"Near East B.C. A.O. Near East B.C. is one of the oldest professional basketball clubs in Greece. The basketball club was founded in 1927. The team is located in Kaisariani, Greece, which is a suburb of the city of Athens, Greece. Near East's home arena, Near East Indoor Arena, is located only about 2 miles from the downtown center of Athens. It takes its name from the Near East Foundation. Near East B.C. was one of the teams that participated in the first Pan-Hellenic Basketball tournament, which took place in Thessaloniki, Greece. In 1936, Near East B.C. won its first","psg_id":"11590554"},{"title":"Pinkney L. Near","text":"the remainder of his life. In the early years, when the museum was run by a director and a curator with a small staff, Near became the first full-time curator of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, one of the first state-supported art museums in the United States. Pinkney Near died August 29, 1990 of pneumonia at a hospital in Hartford, Connecticut, where he and his wife were visiting relatives. He was 63. His memorial service was held at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Richmond,Virginia, where he lived. In 1964 Pinkney Near, curator of paintings, selected American paintings for the","psg_id":"19016175"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"this occurrence also involved a missed call by an umpire, who later admitted to his mistake. On July 4, 1908, Hooks Wiltse of the New York Giants, perfect through 26 batters, hit Philadelphia Phillies pitcher George McQuillan on a 2–2 count in a scoreless game. Umpire Cy Rigler later admitted that he should have called the previous pitch strike three, which would have ended the inning. Wiltse pitched on, winning 1–0 in ten innings, with the hit-batsman the only lapse separating him from a perfect game. On tagging first base after Cabrera's relay, Galarraga began celebrating his accomplishment. His immediate","psg_id":"14622070"},{"title":"Near East University","text":"by Günsel in 1988. It started higher education studies with two faculties and subsequently established 14 more faculties, four graduate schools, and 15 research centres. The Faculty of Medicine was established in 2008. All the facilities and educational institutions of the university are located in the campus, along with the Near East College (middle and high school levels), the Near East Primary School and the Near East Kindergarten. The campus is a few kilometres away from the city of Nicosia, accessible through the Near East Boulevard. Transportation between the campus and the city is done through frequent buses that circulate","psg_id":"7931835"},{"title":"The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise","text":"Gallery and has the accession number 40.252. The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise is an 1873 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the river Oise near the market town of Pontoise. Painted in the early days of Impressionism, this rural landscape uses gently luminous colors and loose brushwork to capture the atmospheric conditions of a silvery-grey, overcast day. While the surface texture is sensuous, the firm compositional network, Pissarro's hallmark, locks the road, river, field, and sky","psg_id":"17056462"},{"title":"Near West Side, Chicago","text":"on the eastern edge of the Near West Side. Boeing operates its headquarters at 100 North Riverside. Boeing moved into the facility, formerly the headquarters of Morton Salt, in 2001. Orbitz has its headquarters in the Citigroup Center in the Near West Side. McDonald's plans to move its headquarters to West Loop in 2018. PepsiCo's Chicago offices are in the Near West Side. Aeroméxico operates the Chicago Downtown Location on the first floor at 954 West Washington Boulevard. Previously Trizec Corporation's headquarters and Chicago-area offices were in 10 S. Riverside Plaza. University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago-Kent College of Law","psg_id":"4327392"},{"title":"Near the Cross","text":"\"Be my glory ever,<br>\" \"Till my raptured soul shall find<br>\" \"Rest beyond the river.<br>\" \"Near the cross, a trembling soul,<br>\" \"Love and mercy found me,<br>\" \"There the Bright and Morning Star<br>\" \"Shed its beams around me.<br>\" \"Near the cross! O Lamb of God,<br> \" \"Brings its scenes before me;<br>\" \"Help me walk from day to day,<br>\" \"With its shadows o'er me.<br>\" \"Near the cross I'll watch and wait,<br>\" \"Hoping, trusting ever, <br>\" \"Till I reach the golden strand<br>\" \"Just beyond the river.<br>\" Near the Cross \"Near the Cross\", alternatively titled \"Jesus, Keep Me Near the Cross\" or \"In the Cross\",","psg_id":"20651942"},{"title":"Near-death studies","text":"this what happens when we die?\" Durham: International Association for Near-Death Studies. Informational brochure REV 4/11. Available at www.iands.org.</ref> The organization also maintains an archive of near-death case histories for research and study. Another research organization, the Louisiana-based Near Death Experience Research Foundation, was established by radiation oncologist Jeffrey Long in 1998. The foundation maintains a web-site, also launched in 1998, and a database of more than 1,600 cases, which is currently the world's largest collection of near-death reports. The reports come directly from sources all across the world. A few academic locations have been associated with the activities of","psg_id":"3959985"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"got it. I said before, I got a perfect game. I'm going to show my son. Maybe it's not in the book, but I'm going to tell my son, 'One time I got a perfect game.' I'll show him the CD,\" further calling his effort \"the first 28-out perfect game\". Tigers' manager Jim Leyland added, \"It's a crying shame. Jim [Joyce] is a class guy. This sounds crazy, but after looking at the play, nobody is going to feel worse than he does. I yelled a bit after the game because emotions are high. You just want it so bad","psg_id":"14622072"},{"title":"Near miss (safety)","text":"has some equally beneficial spin offs: Reporting of near misses by observers is an established error reduction technique in many industries and organizations: In the United States, the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) has been collecting confidential voluntary reports of close calls from pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers since 1976. The system was established after TWA Flight 514 crashed on approach to Dulles International Airport near Washington, D.C., killing all 85 passengers and seven crew in 1974. The investigation that followed found that the pilot misunderstood an ambiguous response from the Dulles air traffic controllers, and that earlier another","psg_id":"8292780"},{"title":"Don't Go Near the Water (album)","text":"influences. \"Don't Go Near the Water\" is certified platinum in the United States. Don't Go Near the Water (album) Don't Go Near the Water is the debut album of American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. Released in 1991 on Mercury Records, the album produced four singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts: \"Cadillac Style\", the title track, \"Yard Sale\", and \"Anywhere but Here\", which peaked at numbers 3, 12, 17, and 10, respectively. Also included is \"What Am I Worth\", a song previously recorded by George Jones on his 1957 debut \"Grand Ole","psg_id":"11862109"},{"title":"Near-ring","text":"example: Every near-ring is isomorphic to a subnear-ring of \"M\"(\"G\") for some \"G\". Many applications involve the subclass of near-rings known as near-fields; for these see the article on near-fields. There are various applications of proper near-rings, i.e., those that are neither rings nor near-fields. The best known is to balanced incomplete block designs using planar near-rings. These are a way to obtain difference families using the orbits of a fixed point free automorphism group of a group. Clay and others have extended these ideas to more general geometrical constructions. Near-ring In mathematics, a near-ring (also near ring or nearring)","psg_id":"3457893"},{"title":"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game","text":"reaction to Joyce's on-field ruling was a momentary pause followed by a wry smile at the umpire before returning to the mound. Galarraga told reporters after the game that the outing \"was my best game, so far\", and said that Joyce \"probably feels more bad than me. Nobody's perfect. Everybody's human. I understand. I give the guy a lot of credit for saying, 'I need to talk to you.' You don't see an umpire tell you that after a game. I gave him a hug.\" He also told reporters, \"I know that I pitched a perfect game, I believe I","psg_id":"14622071"},{"title":"The Singularity Is Near","text":"our understanding of genetics is growing very slowly. As for nanobots Linden believes the spaces available in the brain for navigation are simply too small. He acknowledges that someday we will fully understand the brain, just not on Kurzweil's timetable. Paul Davies wrote in \"Nature\" that \"The Singularity is Near\" is a \"breathless romp across the outer reaches of technological possibility\" while warning that the \"exhilarating speculation is great fun to read, but needs to be taken with a huge dose of salt.\" Anthony Doerr in The Boston Globe wrote \"Kurzweil's book is surprisingly elaborate, smart, and persuasive. He writes","psg_id":"3360547"},{"title":"Near North Side, Chicago","text":"the largest population. With the exception of Goose Island and the remnants of Cabrini–Green, to the west, the Near North Side is known for its extreme affluence, typified by the Magnificent Mile, Gold Coast, Navy Pier, and its world-famous skyscrapers. The Near North Side is the oldest part of Chicago. In the 1780s, in what is now the Near North Side, on the northern banks of the Chicago River near today's Michigan Avenue Bridge, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable built the first known permanent settlement in \"Eschecagou.\" Today this is marked by Pioneer Court. Especially in the vicinity of Rush","psg_id":"3347151"},{"title":"The Near Future","text":"The Near Future \"The Near Future\" is a song written by Irving Berlin in 1919. It is better known for the small part of its lyric that took on a life of its own: \"How Dry I Am\". The origins of the song and its components are somewhat obscure, as are the factors that differentiate \"The Near Future\" from \"How Dry I Am.\" The origin of the melody predates Berlin's song and is based on an older hymn or spiritual. The most likely candidate is \"Oh Happy Day, \"the earliest known printing of which is in \"The Wesleyan Sacred Harp\"","psg_id":"11115275"},{"title":"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)","text":"sides on the Eastern part of the now non-existent Swampoodle. A number of important institutions developing in the area: During this same period, a twelve-block strip of H Street (from 3rd Street to 15th) became one of the most important shopping corridors in Washington. It catered primarily to a working-class clientele, but was densely commercial, with restaurants, theaters, banks, grocery stores, clothing stores, and Ourisman Chevrolet, one of the most prominent car dealerships in the city. It was the location of the very first Sears Roebuck store in Washington. In addition, two of the most recognizable and popular locations were","psg_id":"7513555"},{"title":"Near-field communication","text":"such as debit and credit card information, loyalty program data, PINs and networking contacts, among other information. The NFC Forum defines four types of tags that provide different communication speeds and capabilities in terms of configurability, memory, security, data retention and write endurance. Tags currently offer between 96 and 4,096 bytes of memory. As with proximity card technology, near-field communication uses electromagnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz. Most of the RF energy is concentrated","psg_id":"2401610"},{"title":"The Motto","text":"as the artist with the most number one hits since the chart began. As of April 2013, the song has sold 3,113,000 copies in the United States. The Motto \"The Motto\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake. The song features American rapper Lil Wayne and is a digital iTunes Store bonus track from Drake's second studio album, \"Take Care\". \"The Motto\" premiered on Power 106 on October 31, 2011. Drake released the song on his OVO blog a day later. It was first played on rhythmic top 40 radio stations on November 29, 2011 as the album's fourth","psg_id":"16045807"},{"title":"The Motto","text":"The Motto \"The Motto\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake. The song features American rapper Lil Wayne and is a digital iTunes Store bonus track from Drake's second studio album, \"Take Care\". \"The Motto\" premiered on Power 106 on October 31, 2011. Drake released the song on his OVO blog a day later. It was first played on rhythmic top 40 radio stations on November 29, 2011 as the album's fourth single. The song has a connection to the Hispanic/Latino band Aventura. The track has sold over three million copies in the United States. It peaked atop both","psg_id":"16045802"},{"title":"Near-Earth object","text":"smaller than about in diameter (i.e. H = 22.0 with assumed albedo of 14%), are not considered PHAs. NASA's catalog of near-Earth objects also includes the approach distances of asteroids and comets (expressed in lunar distances). The first near-Earth objects to be observed by humans were comets. Their extraterrestrial nature was recognised and confirmed only after Tycho Brahe tried to measure the distance of a comet through its parallax in 1577; and the periodicity of some comets was recognised in 1705, when Edmond Halley first published his orbit calculations for the returning object now known as Halley's Comet. The 1758–1759","psg_id":"292958"},{"title":"Near FM","text":"1995. On Tuesday 23 January 2007, the station switched to a new frequency of 90.3 MHz and was renamed \"Near90fm\". In 2012, the station reverted to using its former \"Near FM\" name. Near Media Co-op also runs a community television project – Near TV Productions – and an IT project called Near Online. The station also runs an internet cafe in the Northside Civic Centre, Coolock, where the project is based, as well as the Near Drama, Near Records, and Near Choice projects. Near fm is a founding member of CRAOL, The Community Radio Forum of Ireland. In the 1980s","psg_id":"5252346"},{"title":"A Lane near Arles","text":"A Lane near Arles A Lane Near Arles was painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1888, while he was living in Arles. It depicts a lane surrounded by trees running between the fields outside Arles, France. A yellow house stands at the side of the lane. The use of color in the painting is typical of Van Gogh in this period. The colors are bright and alive, lighting up the canvas and offering a view that is more perceived than experienced. The idyllic nature of the moment is thus conveyed in the use of colors. \"A Lane Near Arles\" is","psg_id":"14916836"},{"title":"Near (Death Note)","text":"could work for Near; he said that he \"quickly abandoned\" the idea. Obata said that when he first saw Near he \"didn't even know what the heck he was wearing\". He said that \"it was tough\" drawing Near's clothes as he did not understand the assembly of his clothes. Obata said that he settled for pyjamas and \"things got a lot easier\". Ohba said that Near \"becomes less likeable\" as the story advances, citing Near's plan to take the notebook at an earlier point in the story. Ohba said that a negative reaction originated from the loss of L and","psg_id":"11837344"},{"title":"Near West Side, Chicago","text":"IIT Stuart School of Business Chicago Public Schools (CPS) operates public schools. K-8 schools serving the Near West Side include W. Brown, Calhoun North, Dett, Herbert, Washington Irving, King, Mitchell, Otis, Plamondon, Skinner, and Smyth. Crane High School previously served as the zoned high school for the Near West Side. CPS announced in 2012 that Crane was to be converted into a magnet school for medical sciences. Washington Irving School is located in Tri-Taylor. In the 2000-2001 school year, of the area children who attended CPS schools (the figure does not include those who attended private schools nor charter schools),","psg_id":"4327393"},{"title":"Near East","text":"her people\" and so on. The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states. Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states \"but her hope was vain.\" England had \"turned her back.\" Norman concluded his exhortation with \"In the Balkans one learns to hate the Turk.\" Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article. Prince Nicolas of Montenegro wrote a letter thanking him for his article. Throughout this article Norman uses \"Near East\" to mean the countries where \"the eastern question\" applied; that","psg_id":"1695353"},{"title":"Near-semiring","text":"speaking, the class of all ordinals is not a set, so the above example should be more appropriately called a \"class near-semiring\". We get a near-semiring in the standard sense if we restrict to those ordinals strictly less than some multiplicatively indecomposable ordinal. Near-semiring In mathematics, a near-semiring (also \"seminearring\") is an algebraic structure more general than a near-ring or a semiring. Near-semirings arise naturally from functions on monoids. A near-semiring is a set \"S\" with two binary operations \"+\" and \"·\", and a constant 0 such that (\"S\"; +; 0) is a monoid (not necessarily commutative), (\"S\"; ·) is","psg_id":"10884269"},{"title":"Fixed-radius near neighbors","text":"Fixed-radius near neighbors In computational geometry, the fixed-radius near neighbor problem is a variant of the nearest neighbor search problem. In the fixed-radius near neighbor problem, one is given as input a set of points in \"d\"-dimensional Euclidean space and a fixed distance Δ. One must design a data structure that, given a query point \"q\", efficiently reports the points of the data structure that are within distance Δ of \"q\". The problem has long been studied; cites a 1966 paper by Levinthal that uses this technique as part of a system for visualizing molecular structures, and it has many","psg_id":"13281645"},{"title":"Near and far field","text":"relationships between the antenna current distributions and the observed far-field patterns. While far-field simplifications are very useful in engineering calculations, this does not mean the near-field functions cannot be calculated, especially using modern computer techniques. An examination of how the near fields form about an antenna structure can give great insight into the operations of such devices. The electromagnetic field in the far-field region of an antenna is independent of the details of the near field and the nature of the antenna. The wave impedance is the ratio of the strength of the electric and magnetic fields, which in the","psg_id":"1938689"},{"title":"Giant sequoias near Kölpin","text":"Giant sequoias near Kölpin The two giant sequoias near Kölpin in the parish of Demen in the district of Ludwigslust-Parchim in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, are a natural monument. They belong to the species commonly known as giant sequoia, but also Wellingtonia and Sierra redwood (\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"). The two trees lie in a forested area in the Sternberg Lake District Nature Park between the villages of Kölpin in the municipality of Demen and Basthorst in the municipality of Crivitz. They may be reached on foot on a path, 350 metres west of the L 9 state road. Wooden signposts","psg_id":"16171214"},{"title":"Near the Cross","text":"Near the Cross \"Near the Cross\", alternatively titled \"Jesus, Keep Me Near the Cross\" or \"In the Cross\", is a Christian hymn written by Fanny Crosby and published in 1869. The tune was composed by William Howard Doane before Crosby wrote the lyrics. The song is in F major and time. It remains one of Crosby's best-known hymns and has been translated into several languages, including German, Russian, Haitian Creole, and Spanish. \"Jesus, keep me near the cross;<br>\" \"There a precious fountain,<br>\" \"Free to all, a healing stream,<br>\" \"Flows from Calvary's mountain.<br>\" Refrain: \"In the cross, in the cross,<br> \"","psg_id":"20651941"},{"title":"Bridge near Limyra","text":"Bridge near Limyra The Bridge near Limyra (in , \"Bridge of the Forty Arches\") is a late Roman bridge in Lycia, in modern south-west Turkey, and one of the oldest segmented arch bridges in the world. Located near the ancient city of Limyra, it is the largest civil engineering structure of antiquity in the region, spanning the Alakır Çayı river over a length of on 26 segmental arches. These arches, with a span-to-rise ratio of 5.3:1, give the bridge an unusually flat profile, and were unsurpassed as an architectural achievement until the late Middle Ages. Today, the structure is largely","psg_id":"12721906"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"first such game since Mike Mussina's bid for a perfect game on September 2, 2001, which was broken up by 27th batter Carl Everett. It was also the third time for a Tigers pitcher to come so close to a perfect game, as Milt Wilcox also missed getting the 27th straight batter out on April 15, 1983, and Tommy Bridges missed the 27th batter on August 5, 1932. Galarraga's near-perfect game was the tenth time in major league history that the 27th batter in a game broke up what was (to that point) a perfect game. One other instance of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"second and third base on defensive indifference during Trevor Crowe's at-bat, until Crowe grounded out to Brandon Inge, ending the game in a 3–0 victory for the Tigers. Only four days before Galarraga's near-perfect outing, Roy Halladay pitched a perfect game for the Philadelphia Phillies, and just twenty days prior to that, Dallas Braden threw a perfect game for the Oakland Athletics. Halladay's and Braden's perfect games had been the first pair of such games to occur in the same season during the modern era, let alone the same month. Joyce served as the second base umpire for Braden's perfect\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"only time that three perfect games had occurred in a span shorter than a month, the only time four perfect games had occurred in a span shorter than a year (as Mark Buehrle of the Chicago White Sox threw a perfect game in July 2009), and the only time that four perfect games had occurred within a stretch of five no-hitters. This would have also marked the first perfect game in the Tigers' 110-year history. The 83 pitches thrown before the blown call would have been the fewest pitches in a perfect game since 1908. Galarraga's near-perfect game was the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"downtown businesses, taking advantage of the ambitions of the movement, began specifically targeting an integrated clientele and even a predominantly black one. This meant that even the growing black population of Old City/Near Northeast began patronizing the prestigious department stores of downtown Washington, and the neighborhood businesses suffered as a result. The neighborhood was devastated by the race riot that ripped Washington for the three days following Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in April 1968. Order was restored with the assistance of the US military brought in to assist the DC Police. Looting, vandalism, and arson made Near Northeast one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game In a Major League Baseball game played on June 2, 2010, at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan, Detroit Tigers pitcher Armando Galarraga nearly became the 21st pitcher in Major League history to throw a perfect game. Facing the Cleveland Indians, Galarraga retired the first 26 batters he faced, but his bid for a perfect game was ruined one out short when first base umpire Jim Joyce incorrectly ruled that Indians batter Jason Donald reached first base safely on a ground ball. Galarraga instead finished with a one-hit shutout in a 3–0 victory. He faced 28 batters\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy\",\n \"text\": \"senior positions in the administrations of presidents George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. As of December 12, 2018 the Washington Institute's advisory board included: Previous board members The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States as it pertains to the countries in the Near East. Established in 1985, the institute's mission statement says that it seeks \\\"to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5604828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"was presented with a \\\"Medal of Reasonableness\\\" by Jon Stewart at the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear for his measured response. On July 14, 2010, Joyce and Galarraga together presented the ESPY Award for Best Moment at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles. The winner was the stoppage-time goal scored by Landon Donovan for the US National Team versus Algeria at the 2010 World Cup. Galarraga and Joyce, along with Daniel Paisner, released a book titled \\\"Nobody's Perfect\\\", chronicling their experiences during and after the game. In June 2011, one year after the near-perfect game, Major League Baseball put\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"as it was before the 1968 riots when most white residents left. The \\\"Uline Arena\\\", more popularly known as \\\"Washington Coliseum\\\", has long been an important anchor of the community. It was the site of the first Beatles concert in the United States on February 11, 1964, and also hosted the Washington Lions of the old Eastern Hockey League; speeches by Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X; and pro-American rallies during World War II. The building still stands; as of 2017 is now an REI. Of the many movie theaters in Old City/Near Northeast, two of the most prominent still stand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy\",\n \"text\": \"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States as it pertains to the countries in the Near East. Established in 1985, the institute's mission statement says that it seeks \\\"to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East and to promote the policies that secure them.\\\" WINEP was started in 1985 by founding chairwoman Barbi Weinberg of Los, Angeles, CA. Martin Indyk, an Australian-trained academic and former deputy director of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5604809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near (company)\",\n \"text\": \"Near (company) Near is a privately held ambient intelligence platform founded in Nov 2012 having direct presence in Australia, Japan, South East Asia, India, Europe, and United States. Near is headquartered in Singapore. Near was founded as AdNear in Bangalore by Anil Mathews, who continues to serve as the CEO of the company. In its early days, the Near Platform used data from mobile towers and wifi networks to determine a person's location. With the large scale adoption of GPS-enabled smart phones and devices, the current platform processes GPS-based location data as well. The Near Platform utilizing location-indexed data was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17344117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"on their location: Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Near Northeast is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by North Capitol Street to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, F Street to the south, and 15th Street to the east. Once a patchwork of several different landowners' claims, most of the land had been ceded to one landowner, Notley Young, under the name of Youngsborough by the 1790s. Youngsborough was included shortly thereafter in the original survey of land for the new national capital, and Young and a few other landowners gave the land to the Federal government\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near (company)\",\n \"text\": \"descriptions across markets in APAC, Japan, Europe and US making it one of the most powerful platforms. More than 300 global brands use Near to get intelligence about their consumers, and act on it. Use cases of ambient intelligence include mapping consumer journey, audience curation, omni-channel marketing, retail analytics, market research, CRM Onboarding, OOH analytics, Offline attribution measurement, macro-economic urban planning and others. The utility, relevance and business impact of Near’s platform and products has been recognized internationally. Listed below are awards of note: Near (company) Near is a privately held ambient intelligence platform founded in Nov 2012 having direct\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17344120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-ring\",\n \"text\": \"Near-ring In mathematics, a near-ring (also near ring or nearring) is an algebraic structure similar to a ring but satisfying fewer axioms. Near-rings arise naturally from functions on groups. A set \\\"N\\\" together with two binary operations + (called \\\"addition\\\") and ⋅ (called \\\"multiplication\\\") is called a (right) \\\"near-ring\\\" if: Similarly, it is possible to define a \\\"left near-ring\\\" by replacing the right distributive law A3 by the corresponding left distributive law. Both right and left near-rings occur in the literature; for instance, the book of Pilz uses right near-rings, while the book of Clay uses left near-rings. An immediate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3457888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Near Northeast is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by North Capitol Street to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, F Street to the south, and 15th Street to the east. Once a patchwork of several different landowners' claims, most of the land had been ceded to one landowner, Notley Young, under the name of Youngsborough by the 1790s. Youngsborough was included shortly thereafter in the original survey of land for the new national capital, and Young and a few other landowners gave the land to the Federal government in exchange for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"a rule into effect that Joyce cannot umpire any games in which Galarraga's team plays. Due to the book release, the two are now business partners, and this relationship could affect Joyce's impartiality while umpiring Galarraga's team. It is similar to the policy that prevented umpire Jim Wolf from being the plate umpire in games that his younger brother Randy pitched in. Singer-songwriter Dan Bern composed and recorded a song, \\\"Joyce and Galarraga\\\", about the game. It appears on his 2012 album of baseball-themed songs, \\\"Doubleheader\\\". Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game In a Major League Baseball game played on June 2,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague\",\n \"text\": \"his letters to Theo. Biographers have suggested that at this time they made a pact together to pursue a career in art. The watercolor sold for £2,322,500 at Christies, London, on 23 June 2015. The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague The 'Laakmolen' near the Hague is a watercolor by Vincent van Gogh that he made in the summer of 1882. Formerly it was thought to have dated from his Etten period 1881. Following identification of the mill, historians now place it the year following. Both Hulsker and De La Faille place the work as done at Etten around October 1881. Hulsker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18896362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Holly Near\",\n \"text\": \"Washington, DC where she sang \\\"We Are Gentle Angry People\\\" and \\\"Fired Up\\\" a capella. The following year, Near was named among the \\\"1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize\\\". Near continues an active tour schedule and had a discography of 29 albums. She is still active as a performer and composer, and she has begun issuing CDs available through her website that include tracks from her out-of-print albums. Her song \\\"Singing For Our Lives\\\" appears in \\\"Singing the Living Tradition\\\", the official hymnal of the Unitarian Universalist Association, under the title \\\"We Are A Gentle, Angry People\\\" (Hymn #170).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3593180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bridge near Kemer\",\n \"text\": \"Bridge near Kemer The Bridge near Seydikemer was a Roman segmental arch bridge near the ancient city of Xanthos in Lycia, in modern-day southwestern Turkey. Its remains are located on the upper reaches of the Xanthos river (\\\"Koca Çayı\\\"), 4 km upstream from the town of Seydikemer, at a site where the gravel river bed reaches a width of 500 m. Only a 29 m long and 4.5 m wide section on the right river bank, outside the inundation zone, is left today, having once served as approach to the bridge proper. Despite its near-complete destruction, the bridge represents a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13111543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"development, therefore, began to develop along H Street. The area was also the site of Swampoodle Grounds, a baseball stadium which was the home of the Washington Nationals baseball club from 1886 to 1889, when the team folded. Near Northeast evolved into mixed neighborhood. It was a major center of black population in the first half of the 20th century as well as a significant neighborhood for immigrant populations from Ireland, Germany, Greece, Italy and Eastern Europe. Union Station's construction destroyed the poor Irish neighborhood known as Swampoodle, buried Tiber Creek and allowed for development to increase. Today, Near Northeast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague\",\n \"text\": \"The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague The 'Laakmolen' near the Hague is a watercolor by Vincent van Gogh that he made in the summer of 1882. Formerly it was thought to have dated from his Etten period 1881. Following identification of the mill, historians now place it the year following. Both Hulsker and De La Faille place the work as done at Etten around October 1881. Hulsker notes that the work is not mentioned anywhere and is difficult to place. Christie's, following Martha Op de Coul, date the watercolor as done later in summer 1882 after van Gogh had moved to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18896360\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northwest, Texas\",\n \"text\": \"Near Northwest, Texas Near Northwest is a district located in Harris County, Texas, partly within the city limits of Houston and partly in an unincorporated area. It is governed by the Near Northwest Management District, with its headquarters at the White Oak Conference Center, 7603 Antoine Dr, Houston, Texas. The State of Texas established the management district in 2001. As of the 1990 Census, 55,908 lived in what would become the district. As of the 2000 Census 67,034 lived in what is now the district. A 2008 estimate stated that 71,013 lived in the Near Northwest district. A 2013 projection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15311579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bridge near Kemer\",\n \"text\": \"Possibly, the bridge can be also linked with the pass trail to Oinoanda. Bridge near Kemer The Bridge near Seydikemer was a Roman segmental arch bridge near the ancient city of Xanthos in Lycia, in modern-day southwestern Turkey. Its remains are located on the upper reaches of the Xanthos river (\\\"Koca Çayı\\\"), 4 km upstream from the town of Seydikemer, at a site where the gravel river bed reaches a width of 500 m. Only a 29 m long and 4.5 m wide section on the right river bank, outside the inundation zone, is left today, having once served as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13111549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"the whites-only Moderne style Atlas Theater at 1331 H Street and its black counterpart, the Plymouth Theater, down the block at 1365 H Street. Like the theaters, most of the businesses in the H Street corridor (and elsewhere in Old City) were strictly segregated, but some businesses (an unusual number of which were black-owned) catered to both black and white customers. By 1950, however, approximately 50 percent of the residents of Old City/Near Northeast were African American. The emerging Civil Rights Movement touched off a decline in the H Street corridor and other commercial areas of Near Northeast; the upscale\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northwest, Texas\",\n \"text\": \"of Near Northwest. Some apartment complexes in Near Northwest are zoned to both Houston ISD and Aldine ISD. Specific units within the complexes are earmarked for HISD and for AISD. Near Northwest, Texas Near Northwest is a district located in Harris County, Texas, partly within the city limits of Houston and partly in an unincorporated area. It is governed by the Near Northwest Management District, with its headquarters at the White Oak Conference Center, 7603 Antoine Dr, Houston, Texas. The State of Texas established the management district in 2001. As of the 1990 Census, 55,908 lived in what would become\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15311583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"vague Western boundary to the triangle, has supported the informal term \\\"FSHNET\\\", referencing the three bounds: Florida, Swampoodle, H street North East Triangle. Near Northeast is served by two stations on the Red Line of the Washington Metro: Union Station and the NoMa – Gallaudet University station which was renamed in June 2012 from the name New York Ave–Florida Ave–Gallaudet University Metro station. Since both of these metro stations are on the western side of the neighborhood, several bus lines bring commuters to the above stations. A modern streetcar runs from the back of Union Station down to Benning Road\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"since February 27, 2016. It is the first in Washington, DC since the previous system was dismantled in 1962. As part of the city's Sustainability Plan, DDOT has also added several bikes lanes running east to west on G Street NE and I Street NE as well as north to south on 4th Street NE and 6th Street NE. Multiple Capital Bikeshare stations have also been added in several key areas of the neighborhood. Near Northeast is located in entirely in Ward 6 and represented locally by a Council Member. Its citizens are represented by two Advisory Neighborhood Commissions depending\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-threatened species\",\n \"text\": \"Near-threatened species A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as \\\"Near Threatened\\\" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status. The IUCN notes the importance of re-evaluating near-threatened taxon at appropriate intervals. The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Near-threatened species evaluated from 2001 onwards may also be ones which are dependent on conservation efforts to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8029718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-threatened species\",\n \"text\": \"be designated simply \\\"Near Threatened (NT)\\\" in either case. Near-threatened species A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as \\\"Near Threatened\\\" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status. The IUCN notes the importance of re-evaluating near-threatened taxon at appropriate intervals. The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Near-threatened species evaluated from 2001 onwards may also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8029720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-field optics\",\n \"text\": \"Near-field optics Near-field optics is that branch of optics that considers configurations that depend on the passage of light to, from, through, or near an element with subwavelength features, and the coupling of that light to a second element located a subwavelength distance from the first. The barrier of spatial resolution imposed by the very nature of light itself in conventional optical microscopy contributed significantly to the development of near-field optical devices, most notably the near-field scanning optical microscope, or NSOM. The limit of optical resolution in a conventional microscope, the so-called diffraction limit, is in the order of half\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9626368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal City, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"Royal City, Washington Royal City is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,140 at the 2010 census. Royal City was founded in 1956 and officially incorporated on February 14, 1962. The townsite was previously named Royal Flats, and the entire area Royal Slope, thus the name Royal City. During the 1960s, there was a Titan I ICBM silo located near the town. Today, this small farming community is most known for producing a wide variety of crops, thanks to a long growing season. Apples, cherries, peaches, timothy and alfalfa hay, melons, potatoes, onions, wine grapes,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1245635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-miss Johnson solid\",\n \"text\": \"Near-miss Johnson solid In geometry, a near-miss Johnson solid is a strictly convex polyhedron whose faces are close to being regular polygons but some or all of which are not precisely regular. Thus, it fails to meet the definition of a Johnson solid, a polyhedron whose faces are all regular, though it \\\"can often be physically constructed without noticing the discrepancy\\\" between its regular and irregular faces. The precise number of near misses depends on how closely the faces of such a polyhedron are required to approximate regular polygons. Some high symmetry near-misses are also symmetrohedra with some perfect regular\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7027777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kids Near Water\",\n \"text\": \"9 Token 10 Be Careful 1 Kids Near Water - They Wiping Us Out 2 Kids Near Water - Practice Our Miracles 3 Kids Near Water - If You Only Knew 4 America Is Waiting - Sympathy For Rome 5 America Is Waiting - Separation Between 6 America Is Waiting - We'll Hammer These Swords Into Guitars 7 Coalfield, The - Portrait Receiver 8 Coalfield, The - Isolation & Tragedy 9 Coalfield, The - Perfect Fusion 1 So This Is How It Begins 2 Bang After Bang After Bang After Bang After Bang 3 Theme Song Of Master Yoo 4\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15435109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Infinitely near point\",\n \"text\": \"Infinitely near point In algebraic geometry, an infinitely near point of an algebraic surface \\\"S\\\" is a point on a surface obtained from \\\"S\\\" by repeatedly blowing up points. Infinitely near points of algebraic surfaces were introduced by . There are some other meanings of \\\"infinitely near point\\\". Infinitely near points can also be defined for higher-dimensional varieties: there are several inequivalent ways to do this, depending on what one is allowed to blow up. Weil gave a definition of infinitely near points of smooth varieties, though these are not the same as infinitely near points in algebraic geometry. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9347089\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near North Career Metropolitan High School\",\n \"text\": \"School. In July 2010, community activist and Chicago Teachers Union members protested that more school buildings were needed and the building be reopen for public school purpose. In May 2012, the school building was purchased by the Chicago Housing Authority and will be use for mixed-income residential and open space uses. In September 2013, a group of old town and near north side residents started a petition for the city of Chicago to demolish the school building and build a city park on the site. Near North Career Metropolitan High School Near North Career Metropolitan High School (also known as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15165903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Singularity Is Near\",\n \"text\": \"clean methodical sentences, includes humorous dialogues with characters in the future and past, and uses graphs that are almost always accessible.\\\" while his colleague Alex Beam points out that \\\"Singularitarians have been greeted with hooting skepticism\\\" Janet Maslin in \\\"The New York Times\\\" wrote \\\"\\\"The Singularity is Near\\\" is startling in scope and bravado\\\", but says \\\"much of his thinking tends to be pie in the sky\\\". She observes that he's more focused on optimistic outcomes rather than the risks. In 2006, Barry Ptolemy and his production company Ptolemaic Productions licensed the rights to \\\"The Singularity Is Near\\\" from Kurzweil.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3360548\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-infrared spectroscopy\",\n \"text\": \"Near-infrared spectroscopy Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm). Typical applications include medical and physiological diagnostics and research including blood sugar, pulse oximetry, functional neuroimaging, sports medicine, elite sports training, ergonomics, rehabilitation, neonatal research, brain computer interface, urology (bladder contraction), and neurology (neurovascular coupling). There are also applications in other areas as well such as pharmaceutical, food and agrochemical quality control, atmospheric chemistry, combustion research and astronomy. Near-infrared spectroscopy is based on molecular overtone and combination vibrations. Such transitions are forbidden by the selection rules\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3744423\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"the call, and were overwhelmingly against (77%) instituting replay for calls on the bases. On June 3, White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said during his morning press briefing, \\\"I hope that baseball awards a perfect game to that pitcher\\\", joking that the White House was \\\"going to work on an executive order\\\" to that effect. He elaborated, \\\"To watch an umpire take responsibility and to watch a pitcher do what he did, the type of sportsmanship that was exhibited there—I think that gives a lot of heart (...) I think it's tremendously heartening to see somebody understand that they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-death studies\",\n \"text\": \"measurements in his research, for example \\\"The Dissociative Experiences Scale\\\"; a measure of dissociative symptoms, and \\\"The Threat Index\\\"; a measure of the threat implied by one's personal death. The field of near-death studies includes several communities that study the phenomenology of NDE's. The largest of these communities is IANDS, an international organization based in Durham, North-Carolina, that encourages scientific research and education on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual nature and ramifications of near-death experiences. Among its publications we find the peer-reviewed \\\"Journal of Near-Death Studies\\\", and the quarterly newsletter \\\"Vital Signs\\\".<ref name=\\\"IANDS REV 4/11 \\\">IANDS. \\\"Near-Death Experiences: Is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3959984\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881\",\n \"text\": \"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, Eugène Lisbonne, is a law that defines the freedoms and responsibilities of the media and publishers in France. It provides a legal framework for publications and regulates the display of advertisements on public roads. Although it has been amended several times since its enactment, it remains in force to the present day. It is often regarded as the foundational legal statement on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12058705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881\",\n \"text\": \"the French press is held by some to have contributed to the \\\"decadence\\\" that crippled the Third Republic in the 1930s. Raymond Kuhn suggests that towards the end of the Third Republic in the late 1930s, abuses of the Press Law's freedoms \\\"contribute[d] to the destabilisation of the political system when economic crisis and political scandal rocked the regime.\\\" Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, Eugène Lisbonne, is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12058719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Naval battle near Hel\",\n \"text\": \"undertake activities directed against the Commonwealth. In July 1571, a squadron of eighteen Danish ships under Admiral Frank entered the waters of the Gdańsk Bay. On July 29 near Hel, the Danes destroyed two Polish ships, commanded by Krzysztof Minckenbeck and Bar, after which a Danish landing party penetrated into Hel Peninsula without resistance. On the same day Danish ships entered the Bay of Puck, where eight Polish ships plus five captured units were stationed near the port city of Puck. The Danes broke the resistance of Polish privateers and captured all ships, taking them to Copenhagen. As a result\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18075426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Großes Moor (near Becklingen)\",\n \"text\": \"Heath Nature Reserve, the \\\"Schießplatz Unterlüß\\\" the firm of Rheinmetall and the \\\"Großen Heide\\\" near Unterlüß, the Kiehnmoor and Brambostel Moor, the bogs near Sittensen, the Ostenholz Moor, the Meißendorf Lakes and the Bannetzer Moor this part of the Lüneburg Heath provides a home to the largest single community of black grouse in the North German Plain. Großes Moor (near Becklingen) The Großes Moor near Becklingen () is a nature reserve in Germany with an area of , of which lie in Celle district and in Soltau-Fallingbostel district. Since 16 December 1985 the area has been protected under conservation law.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13459709\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Holly Near\",\n \"text\": \"what politicized them. It is what feeds their emotional and spiritual perspectives. I totally honor this. Even though sexual preference is maybe 5th or 10th on my personal list of priorities now, I will always work for all of us to have self determination over our bodies, our identities, our relationship choices.\\\" In 2014, Near was diagnosed with breast cancer. With early detection, she had successful surgery and radiation but did not need to do chemotherapy. Near spent one year traveling across the US camping out of her car and staying with friends. She then went to Argentina and Chile\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3593185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near money\",\n \"text\": \"immediate withdrawal, but in many circumstances the difference is not important. Such assets are therefore often also regarded as \\\"near money\\\". Near money Near money (synonym: quasi-money) is a term used in economics to describe highly liquid assets which are not cash but can easily be converted into cash. Examples of near money are as follows: Over the past three centuries what has been accepted by the public as money has been expanded from gold and silver coins to include first bank notes and then bank deposits subject to transfer by check (cheque). Until recently, most economists would have agreed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4261737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Washington Institute for Near East Policy\",\n \"text\": \"years, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy has helped the United States government better understand and respond to big policy challenges focused in the Middle East.\\\" — Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel The organization has been criticized for having strong ties to the pro-Israel lobbying group AIPAC and for being founded by a former AIPAC employee. In a December 2003 interview on \\\"Al Jazeera\\\", Rashid Khalidi, a Palestinian-American professor and director of Columbia University's Middle East Institute, sharply criticized WINEP, stating that it is \\\"the fiercest of the enemies of the Arabs and the Muslims\\\", and describing it as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5604825\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hands On Children's Museum\",\n \"text\": \"Hands On Children's Museum Hands On Children's Museum is a children's museum in Olympia, Washington, USA. It was founded in 1987 and received over 150,000 visitors a year at its old location near the Washington State Capitol. After moving to its new, permanent home on Olympia's East Bay, at 414 Jefferson Street on Olympia's East Bay, visitorship grew to over 300,000 in its first year (Nov 2012-Nov 2013). The New Hands On Children's Museum, geared for children ages 0–11, features 8 themed galleries focusing on science and nature, plus an enhanced Arts & Parts Studio. The galleries include: \\\"Good For\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15870502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-sourcing\",\n \"text\": \"choice. For many businesses the question is not so much whether to near-source, but how, to what extent, and which parts of the business might be suitable. Services that can be near-sourced are manufacturing and production, customer service representatives, and IT services. In cases of near-sourcing, the business firm is often responding to rising costs in supply chains as well as rising costs associated with sourcing labor (of any kind) in developing nations. Near-sourcing services can reduce the overall cost of the employee to the company, by requiring payment only for work rendered and eliminating extra costs such as insurance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18420746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don't Go Near the Park\",\n \"text\": \"lift the curse and become immortal by finding a virgin's soul they can sacrifice, with the brother fathering a daughter for that purpose. \\\"Don't Go Near the Park\\\" received mostly negative reviews upon its release. Allmovie wrote, \\\"There are movies that are bad and then there are movies so bad they are mindblowing. \\\"Don't Go Near the Park\\\" is a perfect fit in the latter category.\\\" Todd Martin from \\\"HorrorNews.net\\\" panned the film, calling it \\\"a goofy, boring, ridiculous mess of a film that is just pretty much pointless in every possible way.\\\" Ian Jane from DVD Talk called it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11321517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near East\",\n \"text\": \"does not appear in the table. Its name, however, is not entirely accurate. For example, its region includes Mauritania, a member of the State Department's Africa (Sub-Sahara). The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \\\"North Africa\\\". Details can be found in \\\"Policy Focus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1695378\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"game. The twenty days between Braden's perfect game and Halladay's was the shortest span between two perfect games since 1880 and there was a chance that for the first time in MLB history there would be three perfect games in such short succession. Had Galarraga's game been correctly called, the four-day span since Halladay's perfect game would have broken that 130-year-old record, and marked the only time that three consecutive no-hitters had been perfect games, the only time that three perfect games had occurred in one season (since done in 2012 by Philip Humber, Matt Cain and Félix Hernández), the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near East\",\n \"text\": \"following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct. Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, \\\"The Conflict of Color\\\", as \\\"the Near and Middle East\\\". The total super-region consisted of \\\"India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Minor, and last, but not least, Egypt.\\\" Simpson (under his pen-name, Weale) explains that this entire region \\\"is politically one region – in spite of the divisions into which it is academically divided.\\\" His own term revives \\\"the Nearer East\\\" as opposed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1695366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near East\",\n \"text\": \"Near East. The Ottoman Empire was gone, along with all the other empires of the 19th century, replaced with independent republics. Someone had to reconcile the present with the past. This duty was inherited by various specialized agencies that were formed to handle specific aspects of international relations, now so complex as to be beyond the scope and abilities of a diplomatic corps in the former sense. The ancient Near East is frozen in time. The living Near East is primarily what the agencies say it is. In most cases this single term is inadequate to describe the geographical range\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1695374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near money\",\n \"text\": \"Near money Near money (synonym: quasi-money) is a term used in economics to describe highly liquid assets which are not cash but can easily be converted into cash. Examples of near money are as follows: Over the past three centuries what has been accepted by the public as money has been expanded from gold and silver coins to include first bank notes and then bank deposits subject to transfer by check (cheque). Until recently, most economists would have agreed that money stopped at that point. No such agreement exists today, and the definition of money appropriate to present circumstances is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4261732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise\",\n \"text\": \"The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise is an 1873 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the river Oise near the market town of Pontoise. Painted in the early days of Impressionism, this rural landscape uses gently luminous colors and loose brushwork to capture the atmospheric conditions of a silvery-grey, overcast day. While the surface texture is sensuous, the firm compositional network, Pissarro's hallmark, locks the road, river, field, and sky together tightly. Encroaching on the French landscape\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17056459\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881\",\n \"text\": \"In addition, the law regulates advertising and permits property owners to forbid the posting of advertisements on their properties. References to the law are frequently seen on French walls where signs proclaim \\\"\\\"Defense d'afficher - loi du 29 Juillet 1881\\\"\\\" (\\\"posters forbidden - law of 29 July 1881\\\"). One of the most important reforms instituted by the Press Law was a major reduction in the previously extensive range of activities deemed libelous. Libel is defined concisely as \\\"any allegation or imputation of fact striking a blow at the honour or the consideration of a person or a body to which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12058710\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Singularity Is Near\",\n \"text\": \"download and a trailer is available. The 2014 film Lucy is roughly based upon the predictions made by Kurzweil about what the year 2045 will look like, including the immortality of man. The Singularity Is Near The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology is a 2005 non-fiction book about artificial intelligence and the future of humanity by inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil. The book builds on the ideas introduced in Kurzweil's previous books, \\\"The Age of Intelligent Machines\\\" (1990) and \\\"The Age of Spiritual Machines\\\" (1999). This time, however, Kurzweil embraces the term \\\"the Singularity\\\", which was popularized by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3360550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-infrared spectroscopy\",\n \"text\": \"CO content change. In this case, calibration is performed by adjusting the zero control of the sample being tested after purposefully supplying 0% CO or another known amount of CO in the sample. Normal compressed gas from distributors contains about 95% O and 5% CO, which can also be used to adjust %CO meter reading to be exactly 5% at initial calibration. Near-infrared spectroscopy Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm). Typical applications include medical and physiological diagnostics and research including blood sugar, pulse oximetry,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3744442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near (Death Note)\",\n \"text\": \"his kind of puppets he used\\\". Near is the youngest of L's two possible successors raised in Wammy's House, Watari's orphanage for gifted children, in Winchester, England. Of the successors, Near is more level-headed, calmly assessing the situation, while the other, Mello, is more emotional and quicker to act. Much like L, Near shows various odd behaviors during his normal life. He is usually seen hunched over rather than sitting. He also constantly plays with various toys, which he uses in his theories, as well as idly twirling or stroking strands of his hair. He shows a great respect for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11837348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pinkney L. Near\",\n \"text\": \"University of Virginia Press. Near, along with two other art experts, Julien Binford (professor emeritus at Mary Washington College in Fredericksburg, Virginia) and William Campbell (Curator of American Paintings at the National Gallery of Art in Washington) selected the paintings by the deceased artist Gari Melchers for permanent display in the Gari Melchers Memorial Gallery at Belmont, the Falmouth, Virginia home of the artist. He was an author of many of the VMFA exhibition catalogs and illustrated books including \\\"French Paintings: The Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon\\\". Following the death of Pinkney Near in 1990 a series of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19016180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I would tell [Galarraga], 'I feel for you. There have been only 20 perfect games in the history of baseball. The umpire situation was the same one I had—they blew it. At least I had the satisfaction of getting the no-hitter. You don't. I feel for you. You pitched a tremendous game. At least you have the satisfaction of the umpire saying he was sorry. But that doesn't help your situation as far as a perfect game.\\\" Pappas' own bid for a perfect game on September 2, 1972, was spoiled when umpire Bruce Froemming called a borderline 3-and-2 pitch to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-surface geophysics\",\n \"text\": \"be used to detect near surface density anomalies, such as those associated with sinkholes and old mine workings, with repeat monitoring allowing near-surface changes over these to be quantified. Ground penetrating radar is one of the most popularly used near-surface geophysics in forensic archaeology, forensic geophysics, geotechnical investigation, treasure hunting, and hydrogeology, with typical penetration depths down to 10m below ground level, depending upon local soil and rock conditions, although this depends upon the central frequency transmitter/receiver antennae utilised. Bulk ground conductivity typically uses transmitter/receiver pairs to obtain primary/secondary EM signals from the surrounding environment (note potential difficulty in urban\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15928922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near miss (safety)\",\n \"text\": \"paperwork exercise and a waste of time; it is possible to achieve a ratio of 100 near misses reported per loss event. Achieving and investigating a high ratio of near misses will find the causal factors and root causes of potential future accidents, resulting in about 95% reduction in actual losses. An ideal near miss event reporting system includes both mandatory (for incidents with high loss potential) and voluntary, non-punitive reporting by witnesses. A key to any near miss report is the \\\"lesson learned\\\". Near miss reporters can describe what they observed of the beginning of the event, and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8292778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"1830s, the B&O Railroad constructed its Washington Branch, which entered the city of Washington at roughly 9th and Boundary Streets and proceeded through the neighborhood to the downtown area. Its presence gradually led Old City to evolve into a working-class neighborhood: wood and coal yards appeared to serve the railroad and its terminals, with houses subsequently built for the employees of the railroad industries. The neighborhood remained undeveloped and sparsely populated through the end of the 19th century, although by the 1890s, H Street NE was the eastern terminus of the Washington streetcar system (at 15th Street). Some minor commercial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Houghton, Washington\",\n \"text\": \"a residential area just east of the Burlington Northern tracks on the grounds of what became Northwest University. Many workers for the shipyards near Houghton lived there. Today the shipyards are the site of the lakeside Carillon Point business park. Houghton, Washington Houghton is one of the lakeside neighborhoods of the city of Kirkland, Washington. Consisting mostly of upscale, single-family homes, Houghton overlooks Lake Washington and is one of the wealthier districts of the Eastside suburbs of Seattle. The village was named for Willard Houghton, a local lumberman. Houghton incorporated in 1948. The city of Houghton was annexed by Kirkland\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4646785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near (Death Note)\",\n \"text\": \"L, basing much of how he solves crime on L's methods, even to the point where he only takes cases that he is interested in rather than trying to pursue justice. The Kira case—as a case L died trying to solve—naturally becomes his first one. Near uses the Wedding text font \\\"N\\\" and \\\"L\\\" to represent himself and the fake L, respectively. In the aftermath, he used Old English MT font \\\"L\\\" like the original L did. Sometime after L's death, Near works for the United States under the SPK (Special Provision for Kira) team that is established to investigate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11837349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Großes Moor (near Becklingen)\",\n \"text\": \"Großes Moor (near Becklingen) The Großes Moor near Becklingen () is a nature reserve in Germany with an area of , of which lie in Celle district and in Soltau-Fallingbostel district. Since 16 December 1985 the area has been protected under conservation law. An area of is designated as a special area of conservation (\\\"FFH-Gebiet\\\"). The name literally means \\\"Large Bog near Becklingen\\\" and it lies on the Lüneburg Heath, south of Wietzendorf and east of Becklingen, part of the borough of Bergen. The River Meiße has its source in this raised bog. The original bog had been drained since\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13459707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the near future\",\n \"text\": \"the Gregorian Calendar.</onlyinclude> Timeline of the near future This is a timeline of the near future, covering predicted or calculated events from the present until the end of the 23rd century. <onlyinclude>*2100: On March 14 (which will be February 29 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar has the same day of the week for each day of the year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15707035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the near future\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of the near future This is a timeline of the near future, covering predicted or calculated events from the present until the end of the 23rd century. <onlyinclude>*2100: On March 14 (which will be February 29 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar has the same day of the week for each day of the year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February 28, 2200 of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15707034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near East B.C.\",\n \"text\": \"Near East B.C. A.O. Near East B.C. is one of the oldest professional basketball clubs in Greece. The basketball club was founded in 1927. The team is located in Kaisariani, Greece, which is a suburb of the city of Athens, Greece. Near East's home arena, Near East Indoor Arena, is located only about 2 miles from the downtown center of Athens. It takes its name from the Near East Foundation. Near East B.C. was one of the teams that participated in the first Pan-Hellenic Basketball tournament, which took place in Thessaloniki, Greece. In 1936, Near East B.C. won its first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11590554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pinkney L. Near\",\n \"text\": \"the remainder of his life. In the early years, when the museum was run by a director and a curator with a small staff, Near became the first full-time curator of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, one of the first state-supported art museums in the United States. Pinkney Near died August 29, 1990 of pneumonia at a hospital in Hartford, Connecticut, where he and his wife were visiting relatives. He was 63. His memorial service was held at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Richmond,Virginia, where he lived. In 1964 Pinkney Near, curator of paintings, selected American paintings for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19016175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"this occurrence also involved a missed call by an umpire, who later admitted to his mistake. On July 4, 1908, Hooks Wiltse of the New York Giants, perfect through 26 batters, hit Philadelphia Phillies pitcher George McQuillan on a 2–2 count in a scoreless game. Umpire Cy Rigler later admitted that he should have called the previous pitch strike three, which would have ended the inning. Wiltse pitched on, winning 1–0 in ten innings, with the hit-batsman the only lapse separating him from a perfect game. On tagging first base after Cabrera's relay, Galarraga began celebrating his accomplishment. His immediate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near East University\",\n \"text\": \"by Günsel in 1988. It started higher education studies with two faculties and subsequently established 14 more faculties, four graduate schools, and 15 research centres. The Faculty of Medicine was established in 2008. All the facilities and educational institutions of the university are located in the campus, along with the Near East College (middle and high school levels), the Near East Primary School and the Near East Kindergarten. The campus is a few kilometres away from the city of Nicosia, accessible through the Near East Boulevard. Transportation between the campus and the city is done through frequent buses that circulate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7931835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise\",\n \"text\": \"Gallery and has the accession number 40.252. The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise is an 1873 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the river Oise near the market town of Pontoise. Painted in the early days of Impressionism, this rural landscape uses gently luminous colors and loose brushwork to capture the atmospheric conditions of a silvery-grey, overcast day. While the surface texture is sensuous, the firm compositional network, Pissarro's hallmark, locks the road, river, field, and sky\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17056462\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near West Side, Chicago\",\n \"text\": \"on the eastern edge of the Near West Side. Boeing operates its headquarters at 100 North Riverside. Boeing moved into the facility, formerly the headquarters of Morton Salt, in 2001. Orbitz has its headquarters in the Citigroup Center in the Near West Side. McDonald's plans to move its headquarters to West Loop in 2018. PepsiCo's Chicago offices are in the Near West Side. Aeroméxico operates the Chicago Downtown Location on the first floor at 954 West Washington Boulevard. Previously Trizec Corporation's headquarters and Chicago-area offices were in 10 S. Riverside Plaza. University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago-Kent College of Law\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4327392\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near the Cross\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Be my glory ever,<br>\\\" \\\"Till my raptured soul shall find<br>\\\" \\\"Rest beyond the river.<br>\\\" \\\"Near the cross, a trembling soul,<br>\\\" \\\"Love and mercy found me,<br>\\\" \\\"There the Bright and Morning Star<br>\\\" \\\"Shed its beams around me.<br>\\\" \\\"Near the cross! O Lamb of God,<br> \\\" \\\"Brings its scenes before me;<br>\\\" \\\"Help me walk from day to day,<br>\\\" \\\"With its shadows o'er me.<br>\\\" \\\"Near the cross I'll watch and wait,<br>\\\" \\\"Hoping, trusting ever, <br>\\\" \\\"Till I reach the golden strand<br>\\\" \\\"Just beyond the river.<br>\\\" Near the Cross \\\"Near the Cross\\\", alternatively titled \\\"Jesus, Keep Me Near the Cross\\\" or \\\"In the Cross\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20651942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-death studies\",\n \"text\": \"this what happens when we die?\\\" Durham: International Association for Near-Death Studies. Informational brochure REV 4/11. Available at www.iands.org.</ref> The organization also maintains an archive of near-death case histories for research and study. Another research organization, the Louisiana-based Near Death Experience Research Foundation, was established by radiation oncologist Jeffrey Long in 1998. The foundation maintains a web-site, also launched in 1998, and a database of more than 1,600 cases, which is currently the world's largest collection of near-death reports. The reports come directly from sources all across the world. A few academic locations have been associated with the activities of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3959985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"got it. I said before, I got a perfect game. I'm going to show my son. Maybe it's not in the book, but I'm going to tell my son, 'One time I got a perfect game.' I'll show him the CD,\\\" further calling his effort \\\"the first 28-out perfect game\\\". Tigers' manager Jim Leyland added, \\\"It's a crying shame. Jim [Joyce] is a class guy. This sounds crazy, but after looking at the play, nobody is going to feel worse than he does. I yelled a bit after the game because emotions are high. You just want it so bad\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near miss (safety)\",\n \"text\": \"has some equally beneficial spin offs: Reporting of near misses by observers is an established error reduction technique in many industries and organizations: In the United States, the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) has been collecting confidential voluntary reports of close calls from pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers since 1976. The system was established after TWA Flight 514 crashed on approach to Dulles International Airport near Washington, D.C., killing all 85 passengers and seven crew in 1974. The investigation that followed found that the pilot misunderstood an ambiguous response from the Dulles air traffic controllers, and that earlier another\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8292780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don't Go Near the Water (album)\",\n \"text\": \"influences. \\\"Don't Go Near the Water\\\" is certified platinum in the United States. Don't Go Near the Water (album) Don't Go Near the Water is the debut album of American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. Released in 1991 on Mercury Records, the album produced four singles on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts: \\\"Cadillac Style\\\", the title track, \\\"Yard Sale\\\", and \\\"Anywhere but Here\\\", which peaked at numbers 3, 12, 17, and 10, respectively. Also included is \\\"What Am I Worth\\\", a song previously recorded by George Jones on his 1957 debut \\\"Grand Ole\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11862109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-ring\",\n \"text\": \"example: Every near-ring is isomorphic to a subnear-ring of \\\"M\\\"(\\\"G\\\") for some \\\"G\\\". Many applications involve the subclass of near-rings known as near-fields; for these see the article on near-fields. There are various applications of proper near-rings, i.e., those that are neither rings nor near-fields. The best known is to balanced incomplete block designs using planar near-rings. These are a way to obtain difference families using the orbits of a fixed point free automorphism group of a group. Clay and others have extended these ideas to more general geometrical constructions. Near-ring In mathematics, a near-ring (also near ring or nearring)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3457893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game\",\n \"text\": \"reaction to Joyce's on-field ruling was a momentary pause followed by a wry smile at the umpire before returning to the mound. Galarraga told reporters after the game that the outing \\\"was my best game, so far\\\", and said that Joyce \\\"probably feels more bad than me. Nobody's perfect. Everybody's human. I understand. I give the guy a lot of credit for saying, 'I need to talk to you.' You don't see an umpire tell you that after a game. I gave him a hug.\\\" He also told reporters, \\\"I know that I pitched a perfect game, I believe I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14622071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Singularity Is Near\",\n \"text\": \"our understanding of genetics is growing very slowly. As for nanobots Linden believes the spaces available in the brain for navigation are simply too small. He acknowledges that someday we will fully understand the brain, just not on Kurzweil's timetable. Paul Davies wrote in \\\"Nature\\\" that \\\"The Singularity is Near\\\" is a \\\"breathless romp across the outer reaches of technological possibility\\\" while warning that the \\\"exhilarating speculation is great fun to read, but needs to be taken with a huge dose of salt.\\\" Anthony Doerr in The Boston Globe wrote \\\"Kurzweil's book is surprisingly elaborate, smart, and persuasive. He writes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3360547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near North Side, Chicago\",\n \"text\": \"the largest population. With the exception of Goose Island and the remnants of Cabrini–Green, to the west, the Near North Side is known for its extreme affluence, typified by the Magnificent Mile, Gold Coast, Navy Pier, and its world-famous skyscrapers. The Near North Side is the oldest part of Chicago. In the 1780s, in what is now the Near North Side, on the northern banks of the Chicago River near today's Michigan Avenue Bridge, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable built the first known permanent settlement in \\\"Eschecagou.\\\" Today this is marked by Pioneer Court. Especially in the vicinity of Rush\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3347151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Near Future\",\n \"text\": \"The Near Future \\\"The Near Future\\\" is a song written by Irving Berlin in 1919. It is better known for the small part of its lyric that took on a life of its own: \\\"How Dry I Am\\\". The origins of the song and its components are somewhat obscure, as are the factors that differentiate \\\"The Near Future\\\" from \\\"How Dry I Am.\\\" The origin of the melody predates Berlin's song and is based on an older hymn or spiritual. The most likely candidate is \\\"Oh Happy Day, \\\"the earliest known printing of which is in \\\"The Wesleyan Sacred Harp\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11115275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"sides on the Eastern part of the now non-existent Swampoodle. A number of important institutions developing in the area: During this same period, a twelve-block strip of H Street (from 3rd Street to 15th) became one of the most important shopping corridors in Washington. It catered primarily to a working-class clientele, but was densely commercial, with restaurants, theaters, banks, grocery stores, clothing stores, and Ourisman Chevrolet, one of the most prominent car dealerships in the city. It was the location of the very first Sears Roebuck store in Washington. In addition, two of the most recognizable and popular locations were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7513555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-field communication\",\n \"text\": \"such as debit and credit card information, loyalty program data, PINs and networking contacts, among other information. The NFC Forum defines four types of tags that provide different communication speeds and capabilities in terms of configurability, memory, security, data retention and write endurance. Tags currently offer between 96 and 4,096 bytes of memory. As with proximity card technology, near-field communication uses electromagnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz. Most of the RF energy is concentrated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2401610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Motto\",\n \"text\": \"as the artist with the most number one hits since the chart began. As of April 2013, the song has sold 3,113,000 copies in the United States. The Motto \\\"The Motto\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake. The song features American rapper Lil Wayne and is a digital iTunes Store bonus track from Drake's second studio album, \\\"Take Care\\\". \\\"The Motto\\\" premiered on Power 106 on October 31, 2011. Drake released the song on his OVO blog a day later. It was first played on rhythmic top 40 radio stations on November 29, 2011 as the album's fourth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16045807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Motto\",\n \"text\": \"The Motto \\\"The Motto\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake. The song features American rapper Lil Wayne and is a digital iTunes Store bonus track from Drake's second studio album, \\\"Take Care\\\". \\\"The Motto\\\" premiered on Power 106 on October 31, 2011. Drake released the song on his OVO blog a day later. It was first played on rhythmic top 40 radio stations on November 29, 2011 as the album's fourth single. The song has a connection to the Hispanic/Latino band Aventura. The track has sold over three million copies in the United States. It peaked atop both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16045802\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-Earth object\",\n \"text\": \"smaller than about in diameter (i.e. H = 22.0 with assumed albedo of 14%), are not considered PHAs. NASA's catalog of near-Earth objects also includes the approach distances of asteroids and comets (expressed in lunar distances). The first near-Earth objects to be observed by humans were comets. Their extraterrestrial nature was recognised and confirmed only after Tycho Brahe tried to measure the distance of a comet through its parallax in 1577; and the periodicity of some comets was recognised in 1705, when Edmond Halley first published his orbit calculations for the returning object now known as Halley's Comet. The 1758–1759\",\n \"psg_id\": \"292958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near FM\",\n \"text\": \"1995. On Tuesday 23 January 2007, the station switched to a new frequency of 90.3 MHz and was renamed \\\"Near90fm\\\". In 2012, the station reverted to using its former \\\"Near FM\\\" name. Near Media Co-op also runs a community television project – Near TV Productions – and an IT project called Near Online. The station also runs an internet cafe in the Northside Civic Centre, Coolock, where the project is based, as well as the Near Drama, Near Records, and Near Choice projects. Near fm is a founding member of CRAOL, The Community Radio Forum of Ireland. In the 1980s\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5252346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Lane near Arles\",\n \"text\": \"A Lane near Arles A Lane Near Arles was painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1888, while he was living in Arles. It depicts a lane surrounded by trees running between the fields outside Arles, France. A yellow house stands at the side of the lane. The use of color in the painting is typical of Van Gogh in this period. The colors are bright and alive, lighting up the canvas and offering a view that is more perceived than experienced. The idyllic nature of the moment is thus conveyed in the use of colors. \\\"A Lane Near Arles\\\" is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14916836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near (Death Note)\",\n \"text\": \"could work for Near; he said that he \\\"quickly abandoned\\\" the idea. Obata said that when he first saw Near he \\\"didn't even know what the heck he was wearing\\\". He said that \\\"it was tough\\\" drawing Near's clothes as he did not understand the assembly of his clothes. Obata said that he settled for pyjamas and \\\"things got a lot easier\\\". Ohba said that Near \\\"becomes less likeable\\\" as the story advances, citing Near's plan to take the notebook at an earlier point in the story. Ohba said that a negative reaction originated from the loss of L and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11837344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near West Side, Chicago\",\n \"text\": \"IIT Stuart School of Business Chicago Public Schools (CPS) operates public schools. K-8 schools serving the Near West Side include W. Brown, Calhoun North, Dett, Herbert, Washington Irving, King, Mitchell, Otis, Plamondon, Skinner, and Smyth. Crane High School previously served as the zoned high school for the Near West Side. CPS announced in 2012 that Crane was to be converted into a magnet school for medical sciences. Washington Irving School is located in Tri-Taylor. In the 2000-2001 school year, of the area children who attended CPS schools (the figure does not include those who attended private schools nor charter schools),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4327393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near East\",\n \"text\": \"her people\\\" and so on. The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states. Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states \\\"but her hope was vain.\\\" England had \\\"turned her back.\\\" Norman concluded his exhortation with \\\"In the Balkans one learns to hate the Turk.\\\" Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article. Prince Nicolas of Montenegro wrote a letter thanking him for his article. Throughout this article Norman uses \\\"Near East\\\" to mean the countries where \\\"the eastern question\\\" applied; that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1695353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near-semiring\",\n \"text\": \"speaking, the class of all ordinals is not a set, so the above example should be more appropriately called a \\\"class near-semiring\\\". We get a near-semiring in the standard sense if we restrict to those ordinals strictly less than some multiplicatively indecomposable ordinal. Near-semiring In mathematics, a near-semiring (also \\\"seminearring\\\") is an algebraic structure more general than a near-ring or a semiring. Near-semirings arise naturally from functions on monoids. A near-semiring is a set \\\"S\\\" with two binary operations \\\"+\\\" and \\\"·\\\", and a constant 0 such that (\\\"S\\\"; +; 0) is a monoid (not necessarily commutative), (\\\"S\\\"; ·) is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10884269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fixed-radius near neighbors\",\n \"text\": \"Fixed-radius near neighbors In computational geometry, the fixed-radius near neighbor problem is a variant of the nearest neighbor search problem. In the fixed-radius near neighbor problem, one is given as input a set of points in \\\"d\\\"-dimensional Euclidean space and a fixed distance Δ. One must design a data structure that, given a query point \\\"q\\\", efficiently reports the points of the data structure that are within distance Δ of \\\"q\\\". The problem has long been studied; cites a 1966 paper by Levinthal that uses this technique as part of a system for visualizing molecular structures, and it has many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13281645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near and far field\",\n \"text\": \"relationships between the antenna current distributions and the observed far-field patterns. While far-field simplifications are very useful in engineering calculations, this does not mean the near-field functions cannot be calculated, especially using modern computer techniques. An examination of how the near fields form about an antenna structure can give great insight into the operations of such devices. The electromagnetic field in the far-field region of an antenna is independent of the details of the near field and the nature of the antenna. The wave impedance is the ratio of the strength of the electric and magnetic fields, which in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1938689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Giant sequoias near Kölpin\",\n \"text\": \"Giant sequoias near Kölpin The two giant sequoias near Kölpin in the parish of Demen in the district of Ludwigslust-Parchim in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, are a natural monument. They belong to the species commonly known as giant sequoia, but also Wellingtonia and Sierra redwood (\\\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\\\"). The two trees lie in a forested area in the Sternberg Lake District Nature Park between the villages of Kölpin in the municipality of Demen and Basthorst in the municipality of Crivitz. They may be reached on foot on a path, 350 metres west of the L 9 state road. Wooden signposts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16171214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Near the Cross\",\n \"text\": \"Near the Cross \\\"Near the Cross\\\", alternatively titled \\\"Jesus, Keep Me Near the Cross\\\" or \\\"In the Cross\\\", is a Christian hymn written by Fanny Crosby and published in 1869. The tune was composed by William Howard Doane before Crosby wrote the lyrics. The song is in F major and time. It remains one of Crosby's best-known hymns and has been translated into several languages, including German, Russian, Haitian Creole, and Spanish. \\\"Jesus, keep me near the cross;<br>\\\" \\\"There a precious fountain,<br>\\\" \\\"Free to all, a healing stream,<br>\\\" \\\"Flows from Calvary's mountain.<br>\\\" Refrain: \\\"In the cross, in the cross,<br> \\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20651941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bridge near Limyra\",\n \"text\": \"Bridge near Limyra The Bridge near Limyra (in , \\\"Bridge of the Forty Arches\\\") is a late Roman bridge in Lycia, in modern south-west Turkey, and one of the oldest segmented arch bridges in the world. Located near the ancient city of Limyra, it is the largest civil engineering structure of antiquity in the region, spanning the Alakır Çayı river over a length of on 26 segmental arches. These arches, with a span-to-rise ratio of 5.3:1, give the bridge an unusually flat profile, and were unsurpassed as an architectural achievement until the late Middle Ages. Today, the structure is largely\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12721906\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["spokane (wa)","spokane wa","spokane, washington","spokane","spokane-spokane valley, wa metropolitan statistical area","un/locode:usgeg","spokane-spokane valley-coeur d'alene, wa-id csa","spokane, wa","spokane, washington metropolitan area","spokane metro area","spokane metropolitan area","spokane-spokane valley-coeur d'alene, wa-id combined statistical area","spokane, wa","spokane, washington (state)","spokane, wash.,","spokane, wa","spokane-spokane valley, wa msa","spokane metropolitan area","spokompton","spokane, wa","the lilac city","spokane, wash.","west spokane, washington"],"string":"[\n \"spokane (wa)\",\n \"spokane wa\",\n \"spokane, washington\",\n \"spokane\",\n \"spokane-spokane valley, wa metropolitan statistical area\",\n \"un/locode:usgeg\",\n \"spokane-spokane valley-coeur d'alene, wa-id csa\",\n \"spokane, wa\",\n \"spokane, washington metropolitan area\",\n \"spokane metro area\",\n \"spokane metropolitan area\",\n \"spokane-spokane valley-coeur d'alene, wa-id combined statistical area\",\n \"spokane, wa\",\n \"spokane, washington (state)\",\n \"spokane, wash.,\",\n \"spokane, wa\",\n \"spokane-spokane valley, wa msa\",\n \"spokane metropolitan area\",\n \"spokompton\",\n \"spokane, wa\",\n \"the lilac city\",\n \"spokane, wash.\",\n \"west spokane, washington\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78589,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"name the 1954 movie and character/actor that featured the quote “you don't understand! i coulda had class. i coulda been a contender. i coulda been somebody instead of a bum, which is what i am.”"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Coulda Been","text":"for \"Coulda Been\" was directed by Urban Strom, who has also directed videos for Mary J. Blige, Rachel Stevens and LeAnn Rimes. The video was filmed in London, England in the spring of 2004. In the video, Kimberley sees another woman's name show up on her boyfriend's caller ID. She goes on to tell him that one day he will look back at what \"coulda been\" and regret letting her go. Coulda Been \"Coulda Been\" is the third single from American Idol finalist, Kimberley Locke, from her \"One Love\" album. This is an enhanced disc which contains the music video","psg_id":"9220283"},{"title":"Coulda Been","text":"Coulda Been \"Coulda Been\" is the third single from American Idol finalist, Kimberley Locke, from her \"One Love\" album. This is an enhanced disc which contains the music video for the single. Though originally plans were to release \"You've Changed\" as the third single in the USA while \"Coulda Been\" would be the third single in the UK, the label decided to release \"Coulda Been\" across the board. Although this was a fan favorite from the album, the single did not gain momentum on American pop radio stations and failed to chart, although it did become a minor hit in","psg_id":"9220280"},{"title":"Coulda Been","text":"hip-hop pony: It has enough of an urban vibe to give it needed hipness, but it puts hook and melody at the top of the priority list, even tossing in a key change that is just plain fun; something you don't find in commercial music much anymore. Lyrically, Locke taunts a potential suitor who missed his chance with the divine talent: \"Coulda been the one that hits my spot / But you're not and all you got is something that coulda been.\" Memorable song, masterful vocal and a great way to wipe away the winter doldrums. So good.\" The video","psg_id":"9220282"},{"title":"On the Waterfront","text":"good job and finally threatens Terry by holding a gun against him, but recognizes that he has failed to sway Terry, who blames his own downward spiral on his well-off brother. In what has become an iconic scene, Terry reminds Charley that had it not been for the fixed fight, Terry's prizefighting career would have bloomed. \"I coulda' been somebody. I coulda' been a contender\", laments Terry to his brother, \"Instead of a bum, which is what I am – let's face it.\" Charley gives Terry the gun, and advises him to run. Terry flees to Edie's apartment, where she","psg_id":"527474"},{"title":"Shoulda Woulda Coulda","text":"Shoulda Woulda Coulda \"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\" is a song by Beverley Knight, released as the second single from her album \"Who I Am\". Written about the breakup of her long-term relationship because she decided to put her career first, it became her first top-10 single in the United Kingdom. It remains her most recognisable hit. Its airplay success propelled \"Who I Am\" into the top 10 on the UK album charts. The video was shot in the Hout Bay area of Cape Town, South Africa, and directed by Douglas Avery. The location for the video was of special significance to","psg_id":"7710871"},{"title":"Shoulda Woulda Coulda","text":"Knight. She had visited previously in connection with her charity work in bringing awareness to HIV in South Africa. It was also the location of the video to her single \"No Man's Land\", released in 2007. CD: 1 CD: 2 Cassette Shoulda Woulda Coulda \"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\" is a song by Beverley Knight, released as the second single from her album \"Who I Am\". Written about the breakup of her long-term relationship because she decided to put her career first, it became her first top-10 single in the United Kingdom. It remains her most recognisable hit. Its airplay success propelled","psg_id":"7710872"},{"title":"Coulda Been","text":"the UK. A dance remix by DJ Volume was released on iTunes and through a DJ service called Ultimix. A second remix by Joe Bermudez remains unreleased. Billboard reviewer Chuck Taylor stated: \"Almost a year after the release of her debut hit, the delightfully poppy \"8th World Wonder,\" Kimberley Locke demonstrates her versatility (and, we hope, staying power) with the smooth, slinky \"Coulda Been,\" long a fan favorite from her \"One Love\" disc. This midtempo chugger, produced and co-written by the great Guy Roche, is an ideal antidote to the sameness that has made top 40 a two-trick rock and","psg_id":"9220281"},{"title":"Heavyweight Champion of the World (song)","text":"Nick Grimshaw and Greg James. The single is accredited to Jon McClure, Ed Cosens and Alan Smyth, acknowledging the work that Smyth did towards the demo of the song. In addition to the reference to Barry Hines, the song's chorus includes another pugilistic reference, from the movie On the Waterfront. The line, \"I coulda been a contender. I coulda been somebody\" spoken by Marlon Brando in the movie is closely paraphrased in the song's lyrics as \"I could've been a contender/Could've been a someone.\" On both records, the inscription \"\"sleep beneath the stars. MO!\"\" is scratched in the run off","psg_id":"10315863"},{"title":"I Am – Somebody","text":"on Carlos Santana's 2005 album, \"All That I Am\", which featured the American rapper will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas. \"I Am Somebody\" is a song by the hip-hop group Jurassic 5 on the album \"Power In Numbers\", which samples the poem numerous times. A recording of I Am – Somebody is on the song \"Can't Hold Us Back\" on \"Paris Presents: Hard Truth Soldiers\" by Dead Prez, Kam, Paris and Public Enemy. \"I am Somebody\" is a song by French artist DJ Mehdi and collaborators Chromeo. In the movie \"House Party\", Kid, Stab, Pee-Wee and Zilla are being released","psg_id":"2445174"},{"title":"I Am That","text":"is the sign of maturity”. “You may choose any way that suits you; your earnestness will determine the rate of progress”. Nisargadatta does not quote other teachers in the book, but a few are mentioned by his visitors, Ramana Maharshi being the most significant. Give up all questions except one, \"Who am I?\" After all the only fact you are sure of is that you \"are\". The \"I am\" is certain, the \"I am this\" is not. Struggle to find out what you are in reality. Be content with what you are sure of. And the only thing you can","psg_id":"16964274"},{"title":"I Am – Somebody","text":"and Ham\", by having Jackson appear on the \"Weekend Update\" segment and recite it in the same oratative fashion he performs the poem. The poem was recited in a somewhat different form in what sounds like a speech by Jackson sampled on the 1973 funk single \"Same Beat\" by The J.B.'s. The J.B.'s titled an album and track \"Damn Right I Am Somebody\" the following year. The phrase has become so much of a calling card for Jackson that he yells it in a cameo in the movie \"Undercover Brother\". \"I Am – Somebody\" also inspired a similarly titled song","psg_id":"2445173"},{"title":"I Am – Somebody","text":"by police officers who apprehend them at a class reunion they inadvertently crash; however, they are ordered to say \"I am somebody\" before their release, much to the disgust of the guests. Primal Scream sampled the Wattstax concert speech heavily for the track \"Come Together\" on their critically acclaimed 1991 album \"Screamadelica\". I Am – Somebody \"I Am – Somebody\" is a poem written in the 1950s by Reverend William Holmes Borders, Sr., senior pastor at Wheat Street Baptist Church and civil rights activist in Atlanta, GA. The poem is often recited by Reverend Jesse Jackson. According to \"The Reader's","psg_id":"2445175"},{"title":"I Am that I Am","text":"who brings things into being, whether it’s a cosmos from chaos, or now a new nation from a band of runaway slaves. But it could well be that this is simply God’s way of not answering Moses’ question. We’ve seen how the Bible feels about revealing names, and the divine being who struggled and wrestled with Jacob sure didn’t want to give him his name. So I’ve often wondered if we’re to read this differently: Who am I? I am who I am, and never you mind. I Am that I Am I am that I am is a common","psg_id":"15346505"},{"title":"I Am that I Am","text":"I Am that I Am I am that I am is a common English translation of the Hebrew phrase , \"’ehyeh ’ăšer ’ehyeh\" () - also “I am who am”, \"I am what I am\" or \"I will be what I will be\" or even \"I create what(ever) I create\". The traditional English translation within Judaism favors \"I will be what I will be\" because there is no present tense of the verb \"to be\" in the Hebrew language. So for example to say \"I am a book\" in Hebrew would be \"Ani Sefer\" (literally in English is \"I book\").","psg_id":"15346499"},{"title":"I Am a God","text":"and says something like, 'I am a god,' everybody says 'Who does he think he is? I just told you who I thought I was! A God! I just told you! That's who I think I am! Would it have been better if I had a song that said, 'I Am a Nigger?' Or if I had a song that said, 'I Am a Gangsta'? Or I had a song that said, 'I Am a Pimp'? All of those colors and patinas fit better on a person like me, right?\" Then in 2015 during the course of an interview with","psg_id":"17398815"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Shirley Bassey album)","text":"Before\" (Albert Hammond, Hal David) Four singles were issued from the original release of this album. 1984 a Towerbell/Vogue maxi-single was issued with a \"Special Dance Mix\" of \"If You Don't Understand\" (re-mix by Robert Levy-Provençal) - 7:11 I Am What I Am (Shirley Bassey album) I Am What I Am was the only studio album recorded by Shirley Bassey for the Towerbell Records label. Several other tracks were also recorded at this label and issued as singles only. The recording sessions took place at Olympic Studios, Barnes, London, in July and August 1984. Following the success of the previous","psg_id":"13834037"},{"title":"I Am that I Am","text":"replies with a sentence, “Ehyeh asher ehyeh.” This is a first person sentence that can be translated, “I am who I am,” or perhaps, “I will be who I will be,” or perhaps, “I cause to be what I cause to be.” We really don’t know, but it has something to do with “being.” So he asks who God is, God says, “I am who am I am” or “I will cause to be what I will cause to be.” So Moses, wisely enough, converts that into a third-person formula: okay, he will be who he will be, he is","psg_id":"15346503"},{"title":"I Am that I Am","text":"am\", \"I was\", and \"I will be\". The meaning of the longer phrase \"’ehyeh ’ăšer ’ehyeh\" is debated, and might be seen as a promise (\"I will be with you\") or as statement of incomparability (\"I am without equal\") . The passage raises a number of issues beyond to its linguistic and theological meaning. It is, for example, somewhat remarkable that despite this exchange the Israelites never ask Moses for the name of God. Then there are a number of probably unanswerable questions, including who it is that does not know God's name, Moses or the Israelites (most commentators take","psg_id":"15346501"},{"title":"You Am I","text":"You Am I album: I'm still bewildered by this record. I haven't gotten my head around it. It was extraordinary making it and I don't feel like I've finished the creation of it. I'm still yet to understand it. I like that. I think with previous records I felt I understood what went on and what we were supposed to do. What it's references were. With this [record] I just let myself freefall into it and get lost in the creation of it. I haven't got a grasp on it and I'm enjoying the exhilaration of that. I'm still listening","psg_id":"3213771"},{"title":"I Am that I Am","text":"This translation of phrase from the Hebrew Bible is often guided by the theology or ideology of the people doing the translation or their sponsors. Its context is the encounter of the burning bush (Exodus 3:14): Moses asks what he is to say to the Israelites when they ask what God has sent him to them, and Yahweh replies, \"I am who I am,\" adding, \"Say this to the people of Israel, 'I am has sent me to you.'\" \"’Ehyeh\" is the first person form of \"hayah\", \"to be\", and owing to the peculiarities of Hebrew grammar means both \"I","psg_id":"15346500"},{"title":"I am Error","text":"I am Error \"I am Error\" is a quote from the NES game \"\". The quote is spoken by a villager, apparently named Error, in the town of Ruto. In the original Japanese version of the game, the line is , which translates to \"My name is Error...\". The unlikely character name is widely believed to have been a programmer's in-joke, since the game also features a similar looking character named , meaning software bug. In computing, a bug is a flaw in the programming code. Error and Bug are thus assumed to form a comical, in-universe parallel. In the","psg_id":"18013942"},{"title":"I Wish I Had a Wife","text":"name to the small, closed-circuit camera that does not even record sound. I Wish I Had a Wife I Wish I Had a Wife is a 2001 South Korean film about a lonely banker who meets a schoolteacher. Bong-soo (Sol Kyung-Gu) has been working as manager of a small bank in an apartment complex for three years. During his three years there, 23 years if you count his school days, Bong-soo has never been late. However, he purposely decides to skip work one day. There is only one reason. Inside a subway train that has suddenly stopped on his way","psg_id":"6937734"},{"title":"I Am Not What You Want","text":"including his girlfriend Mabel (Joyee Lam). The movie focuses on the process of Mark's trying to face his sexual orientation. World Premiere: European Premiere: Other screenings includes: Awards I Am Not What You Want I Am Not What You Want (天使, literally: angel, Cantonese: \"tin si\") is a romance movie produced by Kit Hung in Hong Kong in 2001. This movie is about 48 minutes. This movie is about a gay university student Ricky (Chet Lam) and Mark (Nicky Hung). Ricky comes out to his family and friends, but his \"fag hag\" Olivia (Carol Chan) doesn't seem to be convinced.","psg_id":"2861647"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Mark Morrison EP)","text":"ending up on MTV to watch latest music videos from \"TRL\" (\"Total Request Live\"). Soothing yet dance-able; smooth yet intricate, this collection of tracks is high quality work.\"\" Whilst musiceyz.co.uk said \"\"Mark’s voice is heavily treated making him sound a bit too synthed and computerized.\"\" Jonny Abrams of Rocksucker gave a negative review of I Am What I Am, saying \"\"It might have gotten away with it had the song itself not been so listless\"\", with a heading of \"\"The worst of this week’s singles: Itch, Mark Morrison, Stooshe and more!\"\". I Am What I Am (Mark Sparks Remix), which","psg_id":"18153341"},{"title":"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)","text":"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was released as a single in August 1967 via Decca Records. \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\" was recorded at the Bradley's Barn on January 18, 1967. Located in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, the session was produced by renowned country music producer Owen Bradley. Three additional tracks were recorded during this session. \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You","psg_id":"19429189"},{"title":"The Way You Do the Things You Do","text":"of pick-up lines (\"You got a smile so bright/you know you coulda been a candle/I'm holding you so tight/You know you coulda been a handle\") began as a light-hearted joke between Robinson and Rogers to pass time on the long bus rides. Realizing they had something they could work with, the Miracles kept the lyrics in mind and prepared the song for the Temptations, who at this time had had only one single that had ever made it onto a Billboard chart (1962's \"Dream Come True\" at #22 on the R&B singles chart) and six flopped singles. This version of","psg_id":"5829171"},{"title":"I Am Not What You Want","text":"I Am Not What You Want I Am Not What You Want (天使, literally: angel, Cantonese: \"tin si\") is a romance movie produced by Kit Hung in Hong Kong in 2001. This movie is about 48 minutes. This movie is about a gay university student Ricky (Chet Lam) and Mark (Nicky Hung). Ricky comes out to his family and friends, but his \"fag hag\" Olivia (Carol Chan) doesn't seem to be convinced. Being rejected by his parents, Ricky moves in with his friend Mark. Mark in his heart is gay too, but he has not yet come out to anyone,","psg_id":"2861646"},{"title":"Who I Am And What I Want","text":"a story which featured a narrative, a fictional autobiography which they realised was a perfect basis for a film. \"Who I am And What I Want\" was programmed alongside \"Farber's Nerve\" by Morgan Miller in the 2006 Manhattan Short Film Festival's world tour, which included 137 screenings across the US, Canada, the UK, and Europe. Both animations were in black and white. Pete: \"\"My name is mushroom. My name is toadstool. My name is spore. My name is fungus. My name is mildew. My name is bog, fen, marsh and swamp. My name is truffle. My name is bacteria. My","psg_id":"8098887"},{"title":"I Am – Somebody","text":"lines of \"I am/Somebody\" or \"But I am/Somebody\" were recited in a call and response fashion by Jackson and the children. During the segment children of all races were scattered all over the Sesame Street set, on the street, benches, fire escapes, and led by Jackson in the poem. This performance is included on the 2006 DVD release \"\". I Am – Somebody was also recited by Jackson, with the assembled crowd at Los Angeles Coliseum for the famous Wattstax concert in 1972. It also appears in \"When We Were Kings\", a 1996 documentary examining the historic 1974 Rumble in","psg_id":"2445171"},{"title":"I Had a Dream That You Were Mine","text":"his lyrical contributions to the album to that of an editor: \"I would contribute lyrics, but I think a lot of what I brought was sort of focusing a narrative and trying to make sure that there was always a picture being painted.\" \"I Had a Dream That You Were Mine\" received universal acclaim from music critics, receiving a score of 82 out of 100 on the review aggregator website Metacritic. I Had a Dream That You Were Mine I Had a Dream That You Were Mine is a collaborative studio album by Hamilton Leithauser, the former frontman of The","psg_id":"19696043"},{"title":"What Am I Gonna Do About You","text":"What Am I Gonna Do About You What Am I Gonna Do About You is the 11th studio album released by American country music artist Reba McEntire. The album was released September 2, 1986 on MCA Records and was produced by McEntire and Jimmy Bowen. It was the second #1 album on the Billboard country charts, containing two #1 singles, \"What Am I Gonna Do About You\" and \"One Promise Too Late\". The opening track \"Why Not Tonight\" was also featured on the end credits of the 1990 film \"Tremors\" which was her film debut. The album debuted at #36","psg_id":"7013112"},{"title":"I Am That","text":"be sure of is \"I am\". Stay with it and reject everything else. This is Yoga. Love says: \"I am everything\". Wisdom says: \"I am nothing\". Between the two my life flows. To deal with things, knowledge of things is needed. To deal with people, you need insight, sympathy. To deal with yourself, you need nothing. Be what you are — conscious being — and don't stray away from yourself. 2016, Published in Portuguese by Satsangeditora 2018, Farsi ( Persian ) Translation of The Book \" I AM THAT \" in the link below : https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Gbysx6d8aYQRRp8uWC5oLRbd5epvYJJAz77HvYnnIxc/edit?ts=5af2a5d2#heading=h.yqqhguihz27n I Am That I","psg_id":"16964275"},{"title":"What Good Am I Without You","text":"What Good Am I Without You \"What Good Am I Without You\" is a Motown duet between singers Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston. The song was released as a single in late 1964 and became the first duet Marvin and Kim recorded, a couple of years before the duo recorded the breakthrough hit, \"It Takes Two\". The song came after the departure of Mary Wells, who had left Motown that year shortly after releasing a successful duet album with Gaye. The single was featured on Gaye and Weston's only LP together, \"Take Two\" and peaked at number 61 on the","psg_id":"12529741"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song)","text":"hit in America, Gaynor's version of \"I Am What I Am\" was a Top 40 hit throughout Europe and eventually became a gay anthem. I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song) \"I Am What I Am\" is a song originally introduced in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical \"La Cage aux Folles\". The song is the finale number of the musical's first act, and performed by the character of Albin Mougeotte, first played by George Hearn. His version appears on the original cast album released in 1983. The song was composed by Jerry Herman, an openly gay man. The song","psg_id":"8931027"},{"title":"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person","text":"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \"Modra\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \"Modra\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker, like herself, and the filmmaker's daughter, Sara, is played by Veninger's real life daughter Hallie Switzer.","psg_id":"16430692"},{"title":"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person","text":"sitting in their seats waiting for their flight to take off, the two women hold hands. I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \"Modra\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \"Modra\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker,","psg_id":"16430696"},{"title":"I Am the Movie","text":"songs for inclusion on the re-released \"I Am the Movie\", while also cutting \"1000 Paper Cranes\" from the track listing to repurpose as a B-side. Don C. Tyler mastered the recordings at Precision Mastering in Hollywood, California. Epitaph re-released \"I Am the Movie\" on June 24, 2003. \"The Future Freaks Me Out\" was released to radio on September 16, 2003. Three different versions of this album exist. The original, unsigned release had eleven tracks. The first two versions of the album were housed in 5\" floppy discs and their respective paper sleeves. The second floppy disc release also contains a","psg_id":"4819849"},{"title":"Who I Am And What I Want","text":"Who I Am And What I Want Who I Am And What I Want is a 7 minute animated short directed by Chris Shepherd and David Shrigley in 2005. The film is based on the 2003 David Shrigley book of the same title. Kevin Eldon voices the role of the film's main character, Pete. The DVD was released in 2006 with a 12 page booklet with art from the film. Pete lives in the woods. He survives by hunting and killing. He is an outcast from society who finds happiness in being alone. He recalls the key moments that led","psg_id":"8098885"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Mark Morrison EP)","text":"featured American rapper and Slaughterhouse member Crooked I, debuted on the SingersRoom.com website on 16 May 2013. It became the Number 1 most played single that week, on the websites \"IndieRotation Singles Chart\". The song was supported by Vibe Magazine, who added it to their V-Playlist and reviewed the track saying \"\"It's been a while since we've heard from Mr. Morrison. However, his new soulful track has been worth the wait...\"\". DJBooth.net rated I Am What I Am (Mark Sparks Remix) 4 out of 5 stars, with a positive review saying \"\"anthemic cut, expanding the original’s aural palette with 808s,","psg_id":"18153342"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Village People song)","text":"Am What I Am\" as the best song on \"Macho Man\" stating that Willis' voice is \"full of anger and delight\" on the song and concluding that \"because the song seems so committed, it makes the rest of the material sound downright pointless.\" The song's title was later reused by Jerry Herman for a 1983 hit song performed by Gloria Gaynor, which also had gay pride as a theme. Reebok later used the title phrase for a successful sneaker advertising campaign. The b-side of the \"I Am What I Am\" single was \"Key West.\" Like \"I Am What I Am,\"","psg_id":"11828185"},{"title":"I Am a Rock","text":"on the album's liner notes: \"\"This L.P. contains twelve of the songs that I have written over the past two years. There are some here that I would not write today. I don't believe in them as I once did. I have included them because they played an important role in the transition. It is discomforting, almost painful, to look back over something someone else created and realize that someone else was you. I am not ashamed of where I've been and what I've thought. It's just not me anymore. It is perfectly clear to me that the songs I","psg_id":"5202167"},{"title":"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am","text":"in mid-1969. A tape recorder version of this song was played at the funeral of late Lynyrd Skynyrd vocalist, Ronnie Van Zant. I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\" is a song written and performed by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in October 1968 as the only single from his album \"Pride in What I Am\". \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\" peaked at number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It reached","psg_id":"15076269"},{"title":"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am","text":"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\" is a song written and performed by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in October 1968 as the only single from his album \"Pride in What I Am\". \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\" peaked at number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It reached number-one on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks in January 1969. The song was covered by Dean Martin and released as a single","psg_id":"15076268"},{"title":"I Am the Greatest (A House album)","text":"First Saw You, I Am Afraid, I Lied and the spoken-word title track leave the listener wondering how much more they can take\". I Am the Greatest (A House album) I Am the Greatest is the third album from Irish rock band A House and features the fan favorite track, \"Endless Art\". At the time of its release, \"I Am the Greatest\" was very well reviewed, but sometimes the album was also marvelled at for its very existence. After their second album, \"I Want Too Much\", had been a commercial failure (despite critical plaudits) A House had been dropped by","psg_id":"11792449"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album)","text":"I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album) I Am What I Am is a studio album that includes the first recordings by Milan (with the exception of two early singles). The front cover \"(pictured)\" also includes \"presenting a bright new star\". The album was produced by Budd Granoff. Although Milan recorded many additional songs on later singles, this was the only album ever released in his name. This album (and its associated singles) is also notable for apparently being the only time in his career that Milan used the \"Rodell\" surname. Milan is listed as the songwriter","psg_id":"9428966"},{"title":"I Am a Girl","text":"in the rest of the world. \"I Am A Girl\" has been nominated for numerous awards, including the following: \"I Am A Girl\" has been selected for the following festivals: The film has been described as 'deeply inspirational and succinctly moving'. Another critic has stated that 'there are moments and images in this film that will stay with you a long time'. I Am a Girl I Am A Girl is a 2013 documentary that follows six girls aged between 17 and 19 from the United States, Australia, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Cameroon, and Papua New Guinea, highlighting issues of gender inequality,","psg_id":"18137216"},{"title":"I Have Been in You","text":"part of a long medley, featuring \"Flakes\" and \"Broken Hearts Are for Assholes\". The song was later referenced in the track \"Is This Guy Kidding or What?\" from the 1992 live album, \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6\". I Have Been in You \"I Have Been in You\", by Frank Zappa, is the opening song on the 1979 album \"Sheik Yerbouti\". Taking the structure of a love song pastiche, Zappa used the composition to ridicule Peter Frampton's album and single \"I'm in You\". Zappa's parody was directed at Frampton's change from the earnest musician to teen pop","psg_id":"19513416"},{"title":"I Am a Man!","text":"spoke to judge Dundy in his Omaha trial, \"That hand is not the color of yours, but if I pierce it, I shall feel pain. If you pierce your hand, you also feel pain. The blood that will flow from mine will be the same color as yours. I am a man. God made us both.\" Standing Bear (and Native Americans) were granted habeas corpus meaning that they had status in the court and were indeed human beings. \"I AM A MAN!\" has been used as a title for books, plays, and in music and film to assert the rights","psg_id":"16987301"},{"title":"The Last Master Outlaw","text":"forgotten 1979 TV news interview, rediscovered in an archive, Rackstraw had \"brazenly hinted\" he was the daredevil: \"I coulda' been. Coulda' been. Well, should it be fiction or should it be fact? That's primarily up to the American people someday, how that comes out.\" The Last Master Outlaw The Last Master Outlaw: How He Outfoxed the FBI Six Times—but Not a Cold Case Team is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Thomas J. Colbert and Tom Szollosi. It details the results of a five-year investigation of a suspect in the 1971 D. B. Cooper hijacking case. The book documents the","psg_id":"19835323"},{"title":"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)","text":"Think I Am)\" reached number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles survey in 1967. The song became her eleventh top ten single under the Decca recording label. Secondly, the song became Lynn's first single to chart in Canada. It peaked at number six on the Canadian \"RPM Country Tracks\" chart. It was included on her studio album, \"Fist City\" (1968). What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was","psg_id":"19429190"},{"title":"I Am a Lonesome Hobo","text":"part because hobos are typically known for being wanderers lacking any insight or socially acceptable manners. Dylan, however, seems to put this character on a level socially where one would not typically place a vagabond, providing the idea that a hobo can be a wise man rather than some socially awkward bum. I Am a Lonesome Hobo \"I Am A Lonesome Hobo\" is a song written and recorded by Bob Dylan, released in 1967 on his eighth studio album, \"John Wesley Harding\". The lyrics to \"I Am A Lonesome Hobo\" tells of the typical riches to rags tradition, where a","psg_id":"13306803"},{"title":"What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution?","text":"What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution? What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution? (, also known as \"¡Qué nos importa la revolución!\") is a 1972 Spaghetti Western comedy film. The title should be understood, according to the director Sergio Corbucci, as \"What Am I Doing in the Middle of the Western Cinema?\". It is the final chapter of the Corbucci's trilogy about the Mexican revolution, after \"The Mercenary\" and \"Compañeros\". The film mixes comedy and political apologue. Theatre director Don Albino Moncalieri and his only employee Guido Guidi are in desperate need of","psg_id":"16089787"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Village People song)","text":"to \"stump for substitute utopias...where there's plenty of 'unity,' 'happiness,' 'liberation' and 'togetherness.' \"Key West\" has been included on several Village People greatest hits compilation albums. I Am What I Am (Village People song) \"I Am What I Am\" is a song written by Victor Willis, Henri Belolo, Peter Whitehead and Jacques Morali that was first released by the Village People on their 1978 album \"Macho Man\". It was also released as a single with \"Key West,\" also from \"Macho man\", as the b-side in some countries including Germany and the UK. It did not chart in those countries, but","psg_id":"11828187"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Village People song)","text":"I Am What I Am (Village People song) \"I Am What I Am\" is a song written by Victor Willis, Henri Belolo, Peter Whitehead and Jacques Morali that was first released by the Village People on their 1978 album \"Macho Man\". It was also released as a single with \"Key West,\" also from \"Macho man\", as the b-side in some countries including Germany and the UK. It did not chart in those countries, but it reached #4 on the Billboard Dance Chart in a medley with \"Key West\" and \"Macho Man.\" It has since been released on several Village People","psg_id":"11828181"},{"title":"I Don't Understand You","text":"the song inside of a room of a department of the Plaza Mayor while Belinda does appear abroad. Belinda is photographed by a child while she's singing. Then goes to the apartment where the duo and they delivered the envelope that includes the digital camera which made the photos along with a dedication to the singer. I Don't Understand You \"I Don't Understand You\" is the second single by the band K-Otic, from their studio album \"\", released in 2002. The song was written and produced by Daniel Gibson and released in 2002. The song has been covered by Spanish-born","psg_id":"15134101"},{"title":"I Wish I Had a Wife","text":"I Wish I Had a Wife I Wish I Had a Wife is a 2001 South Korean film about a lonely banker who meets a schoolteacher. Bong-soo (Sol Kyung-Gu) has been working as manager of a small bank in an apartment complex for three years. During his three years there, 23 years if you count his school days, Bong-soo has never been late. However, he purposely decides to skip work one day. There is only one reason. Inside a subway train that has suddenly stopped on his way to work, everyone around him reaches for their cell phones to call","psg_id":"6937732"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song)","text":"I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song) \"I Am What I Am\" is a song originally introduced in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical \"La Cage aux Folles\". The song is the finale number of the musical's first act, and performed by the character of Albin Mougeotte, first played by George Hearn. His version appears on the original cast album released in 1983. The song was composed by Jerry Herman, an openly gay man. The song was released as a single by Gloria Gaynor in 1983 and went on to become one of the singer's best known songs. A club","psg_id":"8931026"},{"title":"I Don't Understand You","text":"I Don't Understand You \"I Don't Understand You\" is the second single by the band K-Otic, from their studio album \"\", released in 2002. The song was written and produced by Daniel Gibson and released in 2002. The song has been covered by Spanish-born Mexican singer Belinda (\"No Entiendo\") for her debut studio album \"Belinda\". The single debuted at number fifty-six on Dutch Top 40 and peaked at number thirty-eight. It includes an exclusive unreleased demo recording. \"No Entiendo\" (\"I Don't Understand\") is the fifth single by Spanish-born Mexican singer Belinda, from her debut studio album \"Belinda\", featuring the Spanish","psg_id":"15134099"},{"title":"I Am Missing You","text":"Starr's first rock solo album, \"Ringo\", notably on their joint composition \"Photograph\". Author Simon Leng suggests that \"[i]t must have been a case of déjà vu for Starr\" when he attended the Shankar session, due to the similarity in Harrison's musical arrangements for \"I Am Missing You\" and the equally Spector-influenced \"Photograph\". Starr played drums on the basic track for \"I Am Missing You\", while other participants had also recently contributed to \"Ringo\": Nicky Hopkins (piano), Billy Preston (organ), Klaus Voormann (bass) and Jim Keltner (drums). Shankar's sister-in-law, Lakshmi Shankar, sung the lead vocals, with Shankar himself taking the role","psg_id":"17171906"},{"title":"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)","text":"special from 1968. A live recording featured on the album \"Aretha in Paris\" (1968). The song was sung by Maria Doyle in the 1991 Alan Parker film \"The Commitments\", and appeared on the film's soundtrack album. It also featured in the 1995 movie \"Major Payne\", and the 2007 movie \"This Christmas\", starring Loretta Devine. Garth Brooks recorded the song for the 2013 \"Blue-Eyed Soul\" album in the \"Blame It All on My Roots: Five Decades of Influences\" compilation. I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You) \"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)\" is a","psg_id":"8247187"},{"title":"Who I Am And What I Want","text":"a herd of twats who are going to make me wear clothes and eat with a knife and fork.\".\" \"Who I Am And What I Want,\" a film by Chris Shepherd and David Shrigley. A Slinky Pictures Production. An animate! commission funded by Arts Council England and Channel 4. Who I Am And What I Want Who I Am And What I Want is a 7 minute animated short directed by Chris Shepherd and David Shrigley in 2005. The film is based on the 2003 David Shrigley book of the same title. Kevin Eldon voices the role of the film's","psg_id":"8098889"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (George Jones album)","text":"emotionally powerful, even with the smooth production.\" Sputnikmusic calls the album \"As raw as the cheapest whiskey, as pretty as the girl you can’t forget...George took his tenor, along with the mainstay Country music themes of drinking and heartbreak, and made the entire genre his own.\" Amazon.com calls it \"an unassailable classic of modern country music.\" I Am What I Am (George Jones album) I Am What I Am is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1980 on Epic Records label. It was rereleased on July 4, 2000 with bonus tracks on the Legacy Recordings","psg_id":"7699803"},{"title":"I Am – Somebody","text":"I Am – Somebody \"I Am – Somebody\" is a poem written in the 1950s by Reverend William Holmes Borders, Sr., senior pastor at Wheat Street Baptist Church and civil rights activist in Atlanta, GA. The poem is often recited by Reverend Jesse Jackson. According to \"The Reader's Companion to American History\", the poem was used as part of PUSH-Excel, a program designed to motivate black students. Jackson recited the free verse poem on \"Sesame Street\" in 1971, geared to fulfilling \"Sesame Street\" 's initial curriculum for serving under-privileged city children, as well as promoting cultural understanding. On Sesame Street,","psg_id":"2445170"},{"title":"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am (album)","text":"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am (album) I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am is a 1969 studio album by Dean Martin arranged by Glen Hardin and Jimmie Haskell. Martin recorded very little in 1969, only devoting two three-hour sessions in the Spring to record this album. \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\" peaked at 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200. William Ruhlmann on Allmusic.com gave the album two and a half stars out of five. He described the style as \"Hollywood-style country-pop\" and likened the title track to Roger","psg_id":"17325880"},{"title":"I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass","text":"I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass is the eleventh full-length album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released on September 12, 2006 by record label Matador. The title of the album is rumored to be a (paraphrased) quote by NBA player Tim Thomas. Sitting on the bench together during a game, Thomas was caught on tape by the MSG Network in a profane exchange with fellow Knick, point guard Stephon Marbury. Thomas yelled at Marbury, \"Everyone in this organization is","psg_id":"8481929"},{"title":"I Am Spock","text":"I Am Spock I Am Spock is the second volume of actor and director Leonard Nimoy's autobiography. The book was published in 1995, four years after the release of the last \"Star Trek\" motion picture starring the entire original cast, and covers the majority of Nimoy's time with \"Star Trek\" in general and Mr. Spock in particular. The book's title was a reference to the first volume of his autobiography, \"I Am Not Spock\", which had been published in 1975. At that time Nimoy had sought to distance his own personality from that of the character of Spock, although he","psg_id":"4023961"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album)","text":"I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album) I Am What I Am is the second album by English singer Ruth Copeland. The album was released by Invictus Records in 1971 and was produced and arranged by Ruth Copeland, though it is widely believed that the actual producer of the album was her then husband Jeffrey Bowen. As with her debut, \"Self Portrait\", \"I Am What I Am\" contains contributions from George Clinton and the musicians from Parliament-Funkadelic, as well as local Detroit session players such as guitarist Ray Monette. In 1996, Ruth Copeland's first two albums were licensed by","psg_id":"11769640"},{"title":"You Am I","text":"You Am I You Am I are an Australian alternative rock band, fronted by lead singer-songwriter-guitarist, Tim Rogers. They formed in December 1989 and are the first Australian band to have released three successive albums, which have each debuted at the number-one position on the ARIA Albums Chart: \"Hi Fi Way\" (February 1995), \"Hourly, Daily\" (July 1996) and \"#4 Record\" (April 1998). Nine of their tracks appeared on the related ARIA Singles Chart top 50 with \"What I Don't Know 'bout You\" (February 1998), their highest charting, at No. 28. You Am I have received ten ARIA Music Awards from","psg_id":"3213744"},{"title":"What Good Am I Without You","text":"\"Billboard\" Hot 100 (and number 28 on the Cashbox R&B chart) when it was released. The single was co-written and produced by William \"Mickey\" Stevenson. What Good Am I Without You \"What Good Am I Without You\" is a Motown duet between singers Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston. The song was released as a single in late 1964 and became the first duet Marvin and Kim recorded, a couple of years before the duo recorded the breakthrough hit, \"It Takes Two\". The song came after the departure of Mary Wells, who had left Motown that year shortly after releasing a","psg_id":"12529742"},{"title":"Convicts (You Am I album)","text":"Convicts (You Am I album) Convicts is the seventh studio album by the Australian rock band You Am I. The first single is \"It Ain't Funny How We Don’t Talk Anymore\", which was released as a digital download on 22 April 2006. Tim Rogers later said of the album, \"It hadn't been a great couple of years, and it's even worse when I look back at it now. I had no confidence at all so I wanted the guitars too loud and everything aggressive and loose.\" AllMusic described the album as, \"sharp and succinct collection that continues the band's snappy","psg_id":"7466872"},{"title":"I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album","text":"Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album\", Dynamite Cop Music/Where Da Kasz at BMI. I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album is the first remix album by American recording artist Kesha, released on March 18, 2011. Announced on February 23, 2011, the album contains nine remixes, including featured appearances from André 3000 and 3OH!3, and one previously unreleased track, \"Fuck Him He's a DJ\". According","psg_id":"15390010"},{"title":"Marlon Brando","text":"work as Malloy, but eventually producer Sam Spiegel wooed Brando to the part, signing him for $100,000. \"Kazan made no protest because, he subsequently confessed, 'I always preferred Brando to anybody.'\" Brando won the Oscar for his role as Irish-American stevedore Terry Malloy in \"On the Waterfront\". His performance, spurred on by his rapport with Eva Marie Saint and Kazan's direction, was praised as a \"tour de force\". For the famous \"I coulda been a contender\" scene, he convinced Kazan that the scripted scene was unrealistic. Schulberg's script had Brando acting the entire scene with his character being held at","psg_id":"268976"},{"title":"Somebody That I Used to Know","text":"to create a new, unique version of the track, titled \"Somebodies: A YouTube Orchestra\". Gotye states the concept \"was directly inspired here by Kutiman's Thru-You project\", released in March 2009, which edited numerous YouTube videos to create a new cohesive song. A similar mixing style is seen in the performance of \"Since U Been Gone\" in the September 2012 film release \"Pitch Perfect\". \"Weird Al\" Yankovic recorded a cover as part of his polka medley \"NOW That's What I Call Polka!\" for his 2014 album \"Mandatory Fun\". Credits adapted from \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" CD single liner notes.","psg_id":"15836848"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album)","text":"1 were released as the first single on the same record label (catalogue number 478), also in 1964. The second single from the album was \"Runnin' Wild\" b/w \"Angel's Lullaby\". All tracks written by Milan (M. Rodell). Side one Side two I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album) I Am What I Am is a studio album that includes the first recordings by Milan (with the exception of two early singles). The front cover \"(pictured)\" also includes \"presenting a bright new star\". The album was produced by Budd Granoff. Although Milan recorded many additional songs on later","psg_id":"9428968"},{"title":"I am Error","text":"features it as an achievement title. The quote is featured in \"\" (2010). Video game designer Edmund McMillen put references to the quote in two of his games: \"Time Fcuk\" and \"The Binding of Isaac\". In \"Splatoon 2\" (2017), Pearl says \"I AM ERROR\" when her Team Retro loses the Splatfest to Marina's Team Modern. In September 2004, a homebrew developer released a mod of the original \"Zelda II\" game called \"Zelda II: The Adventure of Error\", in which Error has an adventure of his own. I am Error \"I am Error\" is a quote from the NES game \"\".","psg_id":"18013952"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album)","text":"HDH Inc. and reissued by P-Vine Records individually. In 1997 these albums were reissued on one CD under the juxtaposed title \"Self Portrait\"/\"I Am What I Am\" (Deepbeats DEEPM 022). It was then issued under the title \"Gimme Shelter - The Invictus Sessions\" (Castle Music CMRCD 576). Both compilations omitted the track \"Un Bel Di (One Fine Day)\". The two (complete) albums, plus bonus single mixes of some of the songs, were released in a two-disc set by Edsel records in October 2009. I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album) I Am What I Am is the second album","psg_id":"11769641"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (George Jones album)","text":"songs that sounded as if they were pages torn from the singer's life. While Jones's recent albums with Sherrill had been accused of being erratic at times, \"I Am What I Am\" contained just about everything a fan could want from a George Jones record, including hard drinking songs like the self-explanatory \"I've Aged Twenty Years In Five\" and \"If Drinkin' Don't Kill Me (Her Memory Will)\", which rose to number 8 on the singles chart in 1981. In his essay for the Sony reissue of the album, Glen Gass of the Indiana University School of Music calls \"If Drinkin'","psg_id":"7699799"},{"title":"I Am the Movie","text":"several choruses on the album feature copy-and-pasted (or duplicated) vocal tracks. The sessions with Rose were difficult; he would insult the members if they made a mistake. \"It was a combination because he had some weird sort of back surgery that week; we sucked as musicians and thought we could do the whole album in ten days,\" Pierre recalled. Though they budgeted for a $4,000 recording, the original version of \"I Am the Movie\" ended up costing $6,000 to make. \"I Am the Movie\" was first released in the summer of 2002, as a hand-packaged floppy disk; the band cut","psg_id":"4819845"},{"title":"Have I Been Pwned?","text":"to HIBP's database. In August 2017, BBC News featured Have I Been Pwned? on Hunt's discovery of a spamming operation that has been drawing on a list of 711.5 million email addresses. The name \"Have I Been Pwned?\" is based on the script kiddie jargon term \"pwn\", which means \"to compromise or take control, specifically of another computer or application.\" HIBP's logo includes the text codice_1, which is a common SQL injection attack string. A hacker trying to take control of a website's database might use such an attack string to manipulate a website into running malicious code. Injection attacks","psg_id":"19400839"},{"title":"I Am a Camera","text":"I Am a Camera I Am a Camera is a 1951 Broadway play by John Van Druten adapted from Christopher Isherwood's novel \"Goodbye to Berlin\", which is part of \"The Berlin Stories\". The title is a quote taken from the novel's first page: \"\"I am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking\".\" The original production was staged by John Van Druten, with scenic and lighting design by Boris Aronson and costumes by Ellen Goldsborough. It opened at the Empire Theatre in New York City on November 28, 1951 and ran for 214 performances before closing on","psg_id":"7247643"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (George Jones album)","text":"I Am What I Am (George Jones album) I Am What I Am is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1980 on Epic Records label. It was rereleased on July 4, 2000 with bonus tracks on the Legacy Recordings label. By 1980, Jones had not had a number one single in six years and, dogged by no shows and substance abuse, many critics began to write him off. However, the singer stunned the music industry in April when \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\" was released and shot to number one on the country charts, remaining","psg_id":"7699793"},{"title":"What I Don't Know 'bout You","text":"What I Don't Know 'bout You \"What I Don't Know 'bout You\" is the first single from the album #4 Record by Australian rock band You Am I. It was released in 1998 and reached number 28 on the Australian ARIA singles chart; the band's highest-charting single. Rogers said the song, \"was my favourite song that I'd written at that point. I loved the lyrics in particular, but it just wasn't recorded in the way I thought it should.\" \"You Want It So Bad\" is a You Am I original which later appeared on the …Saturday Night, 'Round Ten bonus","psg_id":"12771064"},{"title":"I Have Been in You","text":"between a boy and girl, \"I have been in you, baby/And you have been in me\". Recorded live at the Hammersmith Odeon in London, Zappa later re-recorded the vocals at his personal studio, the Utility Muffin Research Kitchen facility, using a close micing technique. Musically, the bass singer and the bass guitar are giving a counter melody. When Zappa begins singing the song develops into a slow reggae beat. At various points Zappa sings slightly off beat, letting the speech lengths of the syllables prevail, which emphasises the lyrics. In concert, \"I Have Been in You\" was usually performed as","psg_id":"19513415"},{"title":"I Am I (band)","text":"I Am I (band) I Am I (stylized I ΛM I) is an English heavy metal band led by former DragonForce vocalist ZP Theart. The band released their debut album \"Event Horizon\" in 2012, followed by two singles, one of which is a cover of John Farnham's \"You're the Voice\" and the other an original song titled \"See You Again\". Their sophomore album was expected to be released in November or December 2015, but has not been released. The album, \"Event Horizon\", was set to be released on 26 May 2012 with their debut show following the next day at","psg_id":"16447369"},{"title":"I Am I (band)","text":"be in November or December 2015. I Am I (band) I Am I (stylized I ΛM I) is an English heavy metal band led by former DragonForce vocalist ZP Theart. The band released their debut album \"Event Horizon\" in 2012, followed by two singles, one of which is a cover of John Farnham's \"You're the Voice\" and the other an original song titled \"See You Again\". Their sophomore album was expected to be released in November or December 2015, but has not been released. The album, \"Event Horizon\", was set to be released on 26 May 2012 with their debut","psg_id":"16447377"},{"title":"I Am a God","text":"invited to a widely anticipated runway show only on the condition that he agree not to attend any other shows. West responded by saying: \"So the next day I went to the studio with Daft Punk, and I wrote ‘I Am a God,’ Cause it’s like, Yo! Nobody can tell me where I can and can’t go. Man, I’m the No. 1 living and breathing rock star. I am Axl Rose; I am Jim Morrison; I am Jimi Hendrix. You can’t say that you love music and then say that Kanye West can’t come to your show! To even think","psg_id":"17398813"},{"title":"I Am the Movie","text":"credit card with a track listing. Four new tracks (marked with a *) were added for the Epitaph release. These new tracks replaced \"1000 Paper Cranes\", which is not found in the regular version (but is included as a \"bonus track\" on the vinyl LP, briefly available from the band's website, and on the Japanese import). Personnel per 2003 edition booklet. I Am the Movie I Am the Movie is the debut studio album by American rock band Motion City Soundtrack, released on June 23, 2003 through Epitaph Records. The group was formed in 1997 by vocalist Justin Pierre and","psg_id":"4819850"},{"title":"I Am Who I Am (album)","text":"of nights, but I had a job to do and that was to win hockey games. You throw a puck on the ice I’ll give you everything I got. And this is no different\".\" I Am Who I Am (album) I Am Who I Am is the debut record by former NHL hockey player Theo Fleury, released on October 16, 2015 through eOne Music Canada. The album is a dark and personal effort that reflects his life and the demons he's faced as mentioned in his autobiography \"Playing with Fire\". Many fans were skeptical to see a Stanley Cup champion","psg_id":"19312492"},{"title":"I Never Made a Record I Didn't Like","text":"The character would play an important role several years later when Stevens filmed his direct-to-home video movie, \"Get Serious!\". Connie Freeman portrayed Charlene Mackenzie in the movie. The album cover shows Stevens as Will Rogers performing a rope trick. Rogers' most often quote is \"I never met a man I didn't like\" which served as the obvious inspiration for the album's title. The third track, \"Mama's in the Sky With Elvis,\" was previously featured on the second volume of the \"Greatest Hits\" package of Stevens' hits; it makes its first appearance on a studio album. Compiled from liner notes. Musicians","psg_id":"16027368"},{"title":"Convicts (You Am I album)","text":"of \"Hi Fi Way\" and \"Hourly Daily\". Convicts (You Am I album) Convicts is the seventh studio album by the Australian rock band You Am I. The first single is \"It Ain't Funny How We Don’t Talk Anymore\", which was released as a digital download on 22 April 2006. Tim Rogers later said of the album, \"It hadn't been a great couple of years, and it's even worse when I look back at it now. I had no confidence at all so I wanted the guitars too loud and everything aggressive and loose.\" AllMusic described the album as, \"sharp and","psg_id":"7466874"},{"title":"What Am I Gonna Do About You","text":"on the Country Albums chart for the week of October 25, 1986, and peaked at #1 for the week of January 21, 1987. It stayed at the top for 3 consecutive weeks. What Am I Gonna Do About You What Am I Gonna Do About You is the 11th studio album released by American country music artist Reba McEntire. The album was released September 2, 1986 on MCA Records and was produced by McEntire and Jimmy Bowen. It was the second #1 album on the Billboard country charts, containing two #1 singles, \"What Am I Gonna Do About You\" and","psg_id":"7013113"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Mark Morrison EP)","text":"in October, which is National Domestic Violence Awareness Month (in United States). The video was premiered by KarenCivil.com. A music video for the title track I Am What I Am was uploaded to YouTube on 12 May 2014 at a total of two minutes and 54 seconds. The video premiered on Vice Noisey. The EP received generally mixed to positive reviews from music critics. DJ JD of DJ JD Studios complimented \"\"'I Am What I Am', definitely takes me back in time to the glory days of the 90's. Sitting in front of the TV, flipping through the channels and","psg_id":"18153340"},{"title":"I Am the Greatest (A House album)","text":"I Am the Greatest (A House album) I Am the Greatest is the third album from Irish rock band A House and features the fan favorite track, \"Endless Art\". At the time of its release, \"I Am the Greatest\" was very well reviewed, but sometimes the album was also marvelled at for its very existence. After their second album, \"I Want Too Much\", had been a commercial failure (despite critical plaudits) A House had been dropped by their record label and many doubted that they could continue. However, they refused to give up and, helped out by Setanta Records, produced","psg_id":"11792444"},{"title":"You Am I","text":"first Australian band to do so. McFarlane believes it is \"lean, nifty rock’n’roll\"; Nimmervoll wrote it was a \"back-to-basics\" album. The limited edition version included a bonus disc of nine tracks, \"Radio Settee\". By that time the rooArt label had been acquired by BMG. The album provided three singles, \"What I Don't Know 'bout You\" (February 1998), \"Rumble\" (April) and \"Heavy Heart\" (July). \"What I Don't Know 'bout You\" is their highest charting single, which peaked at No. 28; whereas \"Heavy Heart\" is their highest placed track on any annual Triple J Hottest 100, which was listed at No. 9,","psg_id":"3213761"},{"title":"Am I a Hindu?","text":"Am I a Hindu? Am I A Hindu? , is a primer about the Hindu religion, published in 1992, by Ed Viswanathan. The book takes the form of dialog between a Hindu father and his American-born son. The son wants to understand his family's religious traditions and discover what is relevant for him today. The book provides a non-technical introduction to Hinduism as lived today. The Book tries to answer lot of questions about Hinduism very objectively and from a point of view of someone who doesn't know the religion well and whose information is vituperous. The book emphasizes that","psg_id":"9874340"},{"title":"I Am So Proud of You","text":"I Am So Proud of You I Am So Proud Of You is a 2008 animated short film by Don Hertzfeldt. It is the second chapter of a trilogy about the character Bill and continues the dark and philosophical humor of the first film, \"Everything Will Be OK\". In this chapter, Bill's recovery is haunted by the apparently genetic inevitability of his mental illness, and the lack of control over his own fate. The sudden death of a loved one casts a further shadow over his recovery. The short suggests \"simultaneous\" connections throughout time, through his strange family history, his","psg_id":"13155362"},{"title":"You Am I","text":"the highest at No. 9. You Am I were formed in Sydney in December 1989 by Tim Rogers (ex- Pleasureheads, Glazed Expression) on vocals, guitar, mellotron and Hammond organ; his older brother Jaimme Rogers on drums; and Nick Tischler on bass guitar. Tim Rogers and Tischler were old school mates. At an early gig, a fan provided \"a big spiritual spiel about '... I am you... you am i...'. The band took that as the inspiration for the working title\" for the group's name. This initial line-up was short-lived, Jaimme left before the end of the following year after a","psg_id":"3213746"},{"title":"I Am What I Am (Village People song)","text":"in an unusual manner, as long as you don't hurt anyone else. Author Michael DeAngelis describes the theme as being \"pride and faithfulness to the individual and authentic self.\" DeAngelis notes that this theme had particular resonance at the time, when the gay community was in the process of \"coming out\" and a general cultural obsession was finding healthy ways to feel good about oneself. Author Frédéric Martel identifies \"I Am What I Am\" as one of five Village People songs that were touchstones to the gay movement in France when they came out (\"San Francisco (You've Got Me),\" \"Macho","psg_id":"11828183"},{"title":"Who I Am Hates Who I've Been","text":"Song of the Year at the 37th GMA Dove Awards. Who I Am Hates Who I've Been \"Who I Am Hates Who I've Been\" is a song by the Christian rock band Relient K. It was released in June 2005 as the second single from their 2004 album \"Mmhmm\". An acoustic version, originally recorded for \"Apathetic EP\", is included on the B-side, was included on the 2008 \"The Bird and the Bee Sides\" album. The music video entered TRL's Top 10 in 2005, reaching as high as 8th on the countdown. \"Who I Am Hates Who I've Been\" was released","psg_id":"6176189"},{"title":"Am I a Hindu?","text":"wrong beliefs about the religion. It also explains that how a religion, with no system of conversion has survived over ages. As said its in the form of dialogues thus answers questions very objectively. Am I a Hindu? Am I A Hindu? , is a primer about the Hindu religion, published in 1992, by Ed Viswanathan. The book takes the form of dialog between a Hindu father and his American-born son. The son wants to understand his family's religious traditions and discover what is relevant for him today. The book provides a non-technical introduction to Hinduism as lived today. The","psg_id":"9874342"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Coulda Been\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"Coulda Been\\\" was directed by Urban Strom, who has also directed videos for Mary J. Blige, Rachel Stevens and LeAnn Rimes. The video was filmed in London, England in the spring of 2004. In the video, Kimberley sees another woman's name show up on her boyfriend's caller ID. She goes on to tell him that one day he will look back at what \\\"coulda been\\\" and regret letting her go. Coulda Been \\\"Coulda Been\\\" is the third single from American Idol finalist, Kimberley Locke, from her \\\"One Love\\\" album. This is an enhanced disc which contains the music video\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9220283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coulda Been\",\n \"text\": \"Coulda Been \\\"Coulda Been\\\" is the third single from American Idol finalist, Kimberley Locke, from her \\\"One Love\\\" album. This is an enhanced disc which contains the music video for the single. Though originally plans were to release \\\"You've Changed\\\" as the third single in the USA while \\\"Coulda Been\\\" would be the third single in the UK, the label decided to release \\\"Coulda Been\\\" across the board. Although this was a fan favorite from the album, the single did not gain momentum on American pop radio stations and failed to chart, although it did become a minor hit in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9220280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coulda Been\",\n \"text\": \"hip-hop pony: It has enough of an urban vibe to give it needed hipness, but it puts hook and melody at the top of the priority list, even tossing in a key change that is just plain fun; something you don't find in commercial music much anymore. Lyrically, Locke taunts a potential suitor who missed his chance with the divine talent: \\\"Coulda been the one that hits my spot / But you're not and all you got is something that coulda been.\\\" Memorable song, masterful vocal and a great way to wipe away the winter doldrums. So good.\\\" The video\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9220282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"On the Waterfront\",\n \"text\": \"good job and finally threatens Terry by holding a gun against him, but recognizes that he has failed to sway Terry, who blames his own downward spiral on his well-off brother. In what has become an iconic scene, Terry reminds Charley that had it not been for the fixed fight, Terry's prizefighting career would have bloomed. \\\"I coulda' been somebody. I coulda' been a contender\\\", laments Terry to his brother, \\\"Instead of a bum, which is what I am – let's face it.\\\" Charley gives Terry the gun, and advises him to run. Terry flees to Edie's apartment, where she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"527474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\",\n \"text\": \"Shoulda Woulda Coulda \\\"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\\\" is a song by Beverley Knight, released as the second single from her album \\\"Who I Am\\\". Written about the breakup of her long-term relationship because she decided to put her career first, it became her first top-10 single in the United Kingdom. It remains her most recognisable hit. Its airplay success propelled \\\"Who I Am\\\" into the top 10 on the UK album charts. The video was shot in the Hout Bay area of Cape Town, South Africa, and directed by Douglas Avery. The location for the video was of special significance to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7710871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\",\n \"text\": \"Knight. She had visited previously in connection with her charity work in bringing awareness to HIV in South Africa. It was also the location of the video to her single \\\"No Man's Land\\\", released in 2007. CD: 1 CD: 2 Cassette Shoulda Woulda Coulda \\\"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\\\" is a song by Beverley Knight, released as the second single from her album \\\"Who I Am\\\". Written about the breakup of her long-term relationship because she decided to put her career first, it became her first top-10 single in the United Kingdom. It remains her most recognisable hit. Its airplay success propelled\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7710872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Coulda Been\",\n \"text\": \"the UK. A dance remix by DJ Volume was released on iTunes and through a DJ service called Ultimix. A second remix by Joe Bermudez remains unreleased. Billboard reviewer Chuck Taylor stated: \\\"Almost a year after the release of her debut hit, the delightfully poppy \\\"8th World Wonder,\\\" Kimberley Locke demonstrates her versatility (and, we hope, staying power) with the smooth, slinky \\\"Coulda Been,\\\" long a fan favorite from her \\\"One Love\\\" disc. This midtempo chugger, produced and co-written by the great Guy Roche, is an ideal antidote to the sameness that has made top 40 a two-trick rock and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9220281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heavyweight Champion of the World (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Nick Grimshaw and Greg James. The single is accredited to Jon McClure, Ed Cosens and Alan Smyth, acknowledging the work that Smyth did towards the demo of the song. In addition to the reference to Barry Hines, the song's chorus includes another pugilistic reference, from the movie On the Waterfront. The line, \\\"I coulda been a contender. I coulda been somebody\\\" spoken by Marlon Brando in the movie is closely paraphrased in the song's lyrics as \\\"I could've been a contender/Could've been a someone.\\\" On both records, the inscription \\\"\\\"sleep beneath the stars. MO!\\\"\\\" is scratched in the run off\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10315863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am – Somebody\",\n \"text\": \"on Carlos Santana's 2005 album, \\\"All That I Am\\\", which featured the American rapper will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas. \\\"I Am Somebody\\\" is a song by the hip-hop group Jurassic 5 on the album \\\"Power In Numbers\\\", which samples the poem numerous times. A recording of I Am – Somebody is on the song \\\"Can't Hold Us Back\\\" on \\\"Paris Presents: Hard Truth Soldiers\\\" by Dead Prez, Kam, Paris and Public Enemy. \\\"I am Somebody\\\" is a song by French artist DJ Mehdi and collaborators Chromeo. In the movie \\\"House Party\\\", Kid, Stab, Pee-Wee and Zilla are being released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2445174\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am That\",\n \"text\": \"is the sign of maturity”. “You may choose any way that suits you; your earnestness will determine the rate of progress”. Nisargadatta does not quote other teachers in the book, but a few are mentioned by his visitors, Ramana Maharshi being the most significant. Give up all questions except one, \\\"Who am I?\\\" After all the only fact you are sure of is that you \\\"are\\\". The \\\"I am\\\" is certain, the \\\"I am this\\\" is not. Struggle to find out what you are in reality. Be content with what you are sure of. And the only thing you can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16964274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am – Somebody\",\n \"text\": \"and Ham\\\", by having Jackson appear on the \\\"Weekend Update\\\" segment and recite it in the same oratative fashion he performs the poem. The poem was recited in a somewhat different form in what sounds like a speech by Jackson sampled on the 1973 funk single \\\"Same Beat\\\" by The J.B.'s. The J.B.'s titled an album and track \\\"Damn Right I Am Somebody\\\" the following year. The phrase has become so much of a calling card for Jackson that he yells it in a cameo in the movie \\\"Undercover Brother\\\". \\\"I Am – Somebody\\\" also inspired a similarly titled song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2445173\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am – Somebody\",\n \"text\": \"by police officers who apprehend them at a class reunion they inadvertently crash; however, they are ordered to say \\\"I am somebody\\\" before their release, much to the disgust of the guests. Primal Scream sampled the Wattstax concert speech heavily for the track \\\"Come Together\\\" on their critically acclaimed 1991 album \\\"Screamadelica\\\". I Am – Somebody \\\"I Am – Somebody\\\" is a poem written in the 1950s by Reverend William Holmes Borders, Sr., senior pastor at Wheat Street Baptist Church and civil rights activist in Atlanta, GA. The poem is often recited by Reverend Jesse Jackson. According to \\\"The Reader's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2445175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am that I Am\",\n \"text\": \"who brings things into being, whether it’s a cosmos from chaos, or now a new nation from a band of runaway slaves. But it could well be that this is simply God’s way of not answering Moses’ question. We’ve seen how the Bible feels about revealing names, and the divine being who struggled and wrestled with Jacob sure didn’t want to give him his name. So I’ve often wondered if we’re to read this differently: Who am I? I am who I am, and never you mind. I Am that I Am I am that I am is a common\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15346505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am that I Am\",\n \"text\": \"I Am that I Am I am that I am is a common English translation of the Hebrew phrase , \\\"’ehyeh ’ăšer ’ehyeh\\\" () - also “I am who am”, \\\"I am what I am\\\" or \\\"I will be what I will be\\\" or even \\\"I create what(ever) I create\\\". The traditional English translation within Judaism favors \\\"I will be what I will be\\\" because there is no present tense of the verb \\\"to be\\\" in the Hebrew language. So for example to say \\\"I am a book\\\" in Hebrew would be \\\"Ani Sefer\\\" (literally in English is \\\"I book\\\").\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15346499\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a God\",\n \"text\": \"and says something like, 'I am a god,' everybody says 'Who does he think he is? I just told you who I thought I was! A God! I just told you! That's who I think I am! Would it have been better if I had a song that said, 'I Am a Nigger?' Or if I had a song that said, 'I Am a Gangsta'? Or I had a song that said, 'I Am a Pimp'? All of those colors and patinas fit better on a person like me, right?\\\" Then in 2015 during the course of an interview with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17398815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Shirley Bassey album)\",\n \"text\": \"Before\\\" (Albert Hammond, Hal David) Four singles were issued from the original release of this album. 1984 a Towerbell/Vogue maxi-single was issued with a \\\"Special Dance Mix\\\" of \\\"If You Don't Understand\\\" (re-mix by Robert Levy-Provençal) - 7:11 I Am What I Am (Shirley Bassey album) I Am What I Am was the only studio album recorded by Shirley Bassey for the Towerbell Records label. Several other tracks were also recorded at this label and issued as singles only. The recording sessions took place at Olympic Studios, Barnes, London, in July and August 1984. Following the success of the previous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13834037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am that I Am\",\n \"text\": \"replies with a sentence, “Ehyeh asher ehyeh.” This is a first person sentence that can be translated, “I am who I am,” or perhaps, “I will be who I will be,” or perhaps, “I cause to be what I cause to be.” We really don’t know, but it has something to do with “being.” So he asks who God is, God says, “I am who am I am” or “I will cause to be what I will cause to be.” So Moses, wisely enough, converts that into a third-person formula: okay, he will be who he will be, he is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15346503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am that I Am\",\n \"text\": \"am\\\", \\\"I was\\\", and \\\"I will be\\\". The meaning of the longer phrase \\\"’ehyeh ’ăšer ’ehyeh\\\" is debated, and might be seen as a promise (\\\"I will be with you\\\") or as statement of incomparability (\\\"I am without equal\\\") . The passage raises a number of issues beyond to its linguistic and theological meaning. It is, for example, somewhat remarkable that despite this exchange the Israelites never ask Moses for the name of God. Then there are a number of probably unanswerable questions, including who it is that does not know God's name, Moses or the Israelites (most commentators take\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15346501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Am I\",\n \"text\": \"You Am I album: I'm still bewildered by this record. I haven't gotten my head around it. It was extraordinary making it and I don't feel like I've finished the creation of it. I'm still yet to understand it. I like that. I think with previous records I felt I understood what went on and what we were supposed to do. What it's references were. With this [record] I just let myself freefall into it and get lost in the creation of it. I haven't got a grasp on it and I'm enjoying the exhilaration of that. I'm still listening\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3213771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am that I Am\",\n \"text\": \"This translation of phrase from the Hebrew Bible is often guided by the theology or ideology of the people doing the translation or their sponsors. Its context is the encounter of the burning bush (Exodus 3:14): Moses asks what he is to say to the Israelites when they ask what God has sent him to them, and Yahweh replies, \\\"I am who I am,\\\" adding, \\\"Say this to the people of Israel, 'I am has sent me to you.'\\\" \\\"’Ehyeh\\\" is the first person form of \\\"hayah\\\", \\\"to be\\\", and owing to the peculiarities of Hebrew grammar means both \\\"I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15346500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I am Error\",\n \"text\": \"I am Error \\\"I am Error\\\" is a quote from the NES game \\\"\\\". The quote is spoken by a villager, apparently named Error, in the town of Ruto. In the original Japanese version of the game, the line is , which translates to \\\"My name is Error...\\\". The unlikely character name is widely believed to have been a programmer's in-joke, since the game also features a similar looking character named , meaning software bug. In computing, a bug is a flaw in the programming code. Error and Bug are thus assumed to form a comical, in-universe parallel. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18013942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Wish I Had a Wife\",\n \"text\": \"name to the small, closed-circuit camera that does not even record sound. I Wish I Had a Wife I Wish I Had a Wife is a 2001 South Korean film about a lonely banker who meets a schoolteacher. Bong-soo (Sol Kyung-Gu) has been working as manager of a small bank in an apartment complex for three years. During his three years there, 23 years if you count his school days, Bong-soo has never been late. However, he purposely decides to skip work one day. There is only one reason. Inside a subway train that has suddenly stopped on his way\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6937734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am Not What You Want\",\n \"text\": \"including his girlfriend Mabel (Joyee Lam). The movie focuses on the process of Mark's trying to face his sexual orientation. World Premiere: European Premiere: Other screenings includes: Awards I Am Not What You Want I Am Not What You Want (天使, literally: angel, Cantonese: \\\"tin si\\\") is a romance movie produced by Kit Hung in Hong Kong in 2001. This movie is about 48 minutes. This movie is about a gay university student Ricky (Chet Lam) and Mark (Nicky Hung). Ricky comes out to his family and friends, but his \\\"fag hag\\\" Olivia (Carol Chan) doesn't seem to be convinced.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2861647\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Mark Morrison EP)\",\n \"text\": \"ending up on MTV to watch latest music videos from \\\"TRL\\\" (\\\"Total Request Live\\\"). Soothing yet dance-able; smooth yet intricate, this collection of tracks is high quality work.\\\"\\\" Whilst musiceyz.co.uk said \\\"\\\"Mark’s voice is heavily treated making him sound a bit too synthed and computerized.\\\"\\\" Jonny Abrams of Rocksucker gave a negative review of I Am What I Am, saying \\\"\\\"It might have gotten away with it had the song itself not been so listless\\\"\\\", with a heading of \\\"\\\"The worst of this week’s singles: Itch, Mark Morrison, Stooshe and more!\\\"\\\". I Am What I Am (Mark Sparks Remix), which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18153341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\\\" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was released as a single in August 1967 via Decca Records. \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\\\" was recorded at the Bradley's Barn on January 18, 1967. Located in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, the session was produced by renowned country music producer Owen Bradley. Three additional tracks were recorded during this session. \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19429189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Way You Do the Things You Do\",\n \"text\": \"of pick-up lines (\\\"You got a smile so bright/you know you coulda been a candle/I'm holding you so tight/You know you coulda been a handle\\\") began as a light-hearted joke between Robinson and Rogers to pass time on the long bus rides. Realizing they had something they could work with, the Miracles kept the lyrics in mind and prepared the song for the Temptations, who at this time had had only one single that had ever made it onto a Billboard chart (1962's \\\"Dream Come True\\\" at #22 on the R&B singles chart) and six flopped singles. This version of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5829171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am Not What You Want\",\n \"text\": \"I Am Not What You Want I Am Not What You Want (天使, literally: angel, Cantonese: \\\"tin si\\\") is a romance movie produced by Kit Hung in Hong Kong in 2001. This movie is about 48 minutes. This movie is about a gay university student Ricky (Chet Lam) and Mark (Nicky Hung). Ricky comes out to his family and friends, but his \\\"fag hag\\\" Olivia (Carol Chan) doesn't seem to be convinced. Being rejected by his parents, Ricky moves in with his friend Mark. Mark in his heart is gay too, but he has not yet come out to anyone,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2861646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who I Am And What I Want\",\n \"text\": \"a story which featured a narrative, a fictional autobiography which they realised was a perfect basis for a film. \\\"Who I am And What I Want\\\" was programmed alongside \\\"Farber's Nerve\\\" by Morgan Miller in the 2006 Manhattan Short Film Festival's world tour, which included 137 screenings across the US, Canada, the UK, and Europe. Both animations were in black and white. Pete: \\\"\\\"My name is mushroom. My name is toadstool. My name is spore. My name is fungus. My name is mildew. My name is bog, fen, marsh and swamp. My name is truffle. My name is bacteria. My\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8098887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am – Somebody\",\n \"text\": \"lines of \\\"I am/Somebody\\\" or \\\"But I am/Somebody\\\" were recited in a call and response fashion by Jackson and the children. During the segment children of all races were scattered all over the Sesame Street set, on the street, benches, fire escapes, and led by Jackson in the poem. This performance is included on the 2006 DVD release \\\"\\\". I Am – Somebody was also recited by Jackson, with the assembled crowd at Los Angeles Coliseum for the famous Wattstax concert in 1972. It also appears in \\\"When We Were Kings\\\", a 1996 documentary examining the historic 1974 Rumble in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2445171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Had a Dream That You Were Mine\",\n \"text\": \"his lyrical contributions to the album to that of an editor: \\\"I would contribute lyrics, but I think a lot of what I brought was sort of focusing a narrative and trying to make sure that there was always a picture being painted.\\\" \\\"I Had a Dream That You Were Mine\\\" received universal acclaim from music critics, receiving a score of 82 out of 100 on the review aggregator website Metacritic. I Had a Dream That You Were Mine I Had a Dream That You Were Mine is a collaborative studio album by Hamilton Leithauser, the former frontman of The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19696043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Am I Gonna Do About You\",\n \"text\": \"What Am I Gonna Do About You What Am I Gonna Do About You is the 11th studio album released by American country music artist Reba McEntire. The album was released September 2, 1986 on MCA Records and was produced by McEntire and Jimmy Bowen. It was the second #1 album on the Billboard country charts, containing two #1 singles, \\\"What Am I Gonna Do About You\\\" and \\\"One Promise Too Late\\\". The opening track \\\"Why Not Tonight\\\" was also featured on the end credits of the 1990 film \\\"Tremors\\\" which was her film debut. The album debuted at #36\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7013112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am That\",\n \"text\": \"be sure of is \\\"I am\\\". Stay with it and reject everything else. This is Yoga. Love says: \\\"I am everything\\\". Wisdom says: \\\"I am nothing\\\". Between the two my life flows. To deal with things, knowledge of things is needed. To deal with people, you need insight, sympathy. To deal with yourself, you need nothing. Be what you are — conscious being — and don't stray away from yourself. 2016, Published in Portuguese by Satsangeditora 2018, Farsi ( Persian ) Translation of The Book \\\" I AM THAT \\\" in the link below : https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Gbysx6d8aYQRRp8uWC5oLRbd5epvYJJAz77HvYnnIxc/edit?ts=5af2a5d2#heading=h.yqqhguihz27n I Am That I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16964275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Good Am I Without You\",\n \"text\": \"What Good Am I Without You \\\"What Good Am I Without You\\\" is a Motown duet between singers Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston. The song was released as a single in late 1964 and became the first duet Marvin and Kim recorded, a couple of years before the duo recorded the breakthrough hit, \\\"It Takes Two\\\". The song came after the departure of Mary Wells, who had left Motown that year shortly after releasing a successful duet album with Gaye. The single was featured on Gaye and Weston's only LP together, \\\"Take Two\\\" and peaked at number 61 on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12529741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song)\",\n \"text\": \"hit in America, Gaynor's version of \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" was a Top 40 hit throughout Europe and eventually became a gay anthem. I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song) \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" is a song originally introduced in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical \\\"La Cage aux Folles\\\". The song is the finale number of the musical's first act, and performed by the character of Albin Mougeotte, first played by George Hearn. His version appears on the original cast album released in 1983. The song was composed by Jerry Herman, an openly gay man. The song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8931027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person\",\n \"text\": \"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \\\"Modra\\\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \\\"Modra\\\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker, like herself, and the filmmaker's daughter, Sara, is played by Veninger's real life daughter Hallie Switzer.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16430692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person\",\n \"text\": \"sitting in their seats waiting for their flight to take off, the two women hold hands. I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \\\"Modra\\\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \\\"Modra\\\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16430696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am the Movie\",\n \"text\": \"songs for inclusion on the re-released \\\"I Am the Movie\\\", while also cutting \\\"1000 Paper Cranes\\\" from the track listing to repurpose as a B-side. Don C. Tyler mastered the recordings at Precision Mastering in Hollywood, California. Epitaph re-released \\\"I Am the Movie\\\" on June 24, 2003. \\\"The Future Freaks Me Out\\\" was released to radio on September 16, 2003. Three different versions of this album exist. The original, unsigned release had eleven tracks. The first two versions of the album were housed in 5\\\" floppy discs and their respective paper sleeves. The second floppy disc release also contains a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4819849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who I Am And What I Want\",\n \"text\": \"Who I Am And What I Want Who I Am And What I Want is a 7 minute animated short directed by Chris Shepherd and David Shrigley in 2005. The film is based on the 2003 David Shrigley book of the same title. Kevin Eldon voices the role of the film's main character, Pete. The DVD was released in 2006 with a 12 page booklet with art from the film. Pete lives in the woods. He survives by hunting and killing. He is an outcast from society who finds happiness in being alone. He recalls the key moments that led\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8098885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Mark Morrison EP)\",\n \"text\": \"featured American rapper and Slaughterhouse member Crooked I, debuted on the SingersRoom.com website on 16 May 2013. It became the Number 1 most played single that week, on the websites \\\"IndieRotation Singles Chart\\\". The song was supported by Vibe Magazine, who added it to their V-Playlist and reviewed the track saying \\\"\\\"It's been a while since we've heard from Mr. Morrison. However, his new soulful track has been worth the wait...\\\"\\\". DJBooth.net rated I Am What I Am (Mark Sparks Remix) 4 out of 5 stars, with a positive review saying \\\"\\\"anthemic cut, expanding the original’s aural palette with 808s,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18153342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Village People song)\",\n \"text\": \"Am What I Am\\\" as the best song on \\\"Macho Man\\\" stating that Willis' voice is \\\"full of anger and delight\\\" on the song and concluding that \\\"because the song seems so committed, it makes the rest of the material sound downright pointless.\\\" The song's title was later reused by Jerry Herman for a 1983 hit song performed by Gloria Gaynor, which also had gay pride as a theme. Reebok later used the title phrase for a successful sneaker advertising campaign. The b-side of the \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" single was \\\"Key West.\\\" Like \\\"I Am What I Am,\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11828185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Rock\",\n \"text\": \"on the album's liner notes: \\\"\\\"This L.P. contains twelve of the songs that I have written over the past two years. There are some here that I would not write today. I don't believe in them as I once did. I have included them because they played an important role in the transition. It is discomforting, almost painful, to look back over something someone else created and realize that someone else was you. I am not ashamed of where I've been and what I've thought. It's just not me anymore. It is perfectly clear to me that the songs I\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5202167\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\",\n \"text\": \"in mid-1969. A tape recorder version of this song was played at the funeral of late Lynyrd Skynyrd vocalist, Ronnie Van Zant. I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am \\\"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\\\" is a song written and performed by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in October 1968 as the only single from his album \\\"Pride in What I Am\\\". \\\"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\\\" peaked at number three on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart. It reached\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15076269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\",\n \"text\": \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am \\\"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\\\" is a song written and performed by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in October 1968 as the only single from his album \\\"Pride in What I Am\\\". \\\"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\\\" peaked at number three on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart. It reached number-one on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks in January 1969. The song was covered by Dean Martin and released as a single\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15076268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am the Greatest (A House album)\",\n \"text\": \"First Saw You, I Am Afraid, I Lied and the spoken-word title track leave the listener wondering how much more they can take\\\". I Am the Greatest (A House album) I Am the Greatest is the third album from Irish rock band A House and features the fan favorite track, \\\"Endless Art\\\". At the time of its release, \\\"I Am the Greatest\\\" was very well reviewed, but sometimes the album was also marvelled at for its very existence. After their second album, \\\"I Want Too Much\\\", had been a commercial failure (despite critical plaudits) A House had been dropped by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11792449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album) I Am What I Am is a studio album that includes the first recordings by Milan (with the exception of two early singles). The front cover \\\"(pictured)\\\" also includes \\\"presenting a bright new star\\\". The album was produced by Budd Granoff. Although Milan recorded many additional songs on later singles, this was the only album ever released in his name. This album (and its associated singles) is also notable for apparently being the only time in his career that Milan used the \\\"Rodell\\\" surname. Milan is listed as the songwriter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9428966\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Girl\",\n \"text\": \"in the rest of the world. \\\"I Am A Girl\\\" has been nominated for numerous awards, including the following: \\\"I Am A Girl\\\" has been selected for the following festivals: The film has been described as 'deeply inspirational and succinctly moving'. Another critic has stated that 'there are moments and images in this film that will stay with you a long time'. I Am a Girl I Am A Girl is a 2013 documentary that follows six girls aged between 17 and 19 from the United States, Australia, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Cameroon, and Papua New Guinea, highlighting issues of gender inequality,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18137216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Have Been in You\",\n \"text\": \"part of a long medley, featuring \\\"Flakes\\\" and \\\"Broken Hearts Are for Assholes\\\". The song was later referenced in the track \\\"Is This Guy Kidding or What?\\\" from the 1992 live album, \\\"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6\\\". I Have Been in You \\\"I Have Been in You\\\", by Frank Zappa, is the opening song on the 1979 album \\\"Sheik Yerbouti\\\". Taking the structure of a love song pastiche, Zappa used the composition to ridicule Peter Frampton's album and single \\\"I'm in You\\\". Zappa's parody was directed at Frampton's change from the earnest musician to teen pop\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19513416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Man!\",\n \"text\": \"spoke to judge Dundy in his Omaha trial, \\\"That hand is not the color of yours, but if I pierce it, I shall feel pain. If you pierce your hand, you also feel pain. The blood that will flow from mine will be the same color as yours. I am a man. God made us both.\\\" Standing Bear (and Native Americans) were granted habeas corpus meaning that they had status in the court and were indeed human beings. \\\"I AM A MAN!\\\" has been used as a title for books, plays, and in music and film to assert the rights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16987301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Last Master Outlaw\",\n \"text\": \"forgotten 1979 TV news interview, rediscovered in an archive, Rackstraw had \\\"brazenly hinted\\\" he was the daredevil: \\\"I coulda' been. Coulda' been. Well, should it be fiction or should it be fact? That's primarily up to the American people someday, how that comes out.\\\" The Last Master Outlaw The Last Master Outlaw: How He Outfoxed the FBI Six Times—but Not a Cold Case Team is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Thomas J. Colbert and Tom Szollosi. It details the results of a five-year investigation of a suspect in the 1971 D. B. Cooper hijacking case. The book documents the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19835323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\",\n \"text\": \"Think I Am)\\\" reached number five on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles survey in 1967. The song became her eleventh top ten single under the Decca recording label. Secondly, the song became Lynn's first single to chart in Canada. It peaked at number six on the Canadian \\\"RPM Country Tracks\\\" chart. It was included on her studio album, \\\"Fist City\\\" (1968). What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\\\" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19429190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Lonesome Hobo\",\n \"text\": \"part because hobos are typically known for being wanderers lacking any insight or socially acceptable manners. Dylan, however, seems to put this character on a level socially where one would not typically place a vagabond, providing the idea that a hobo can be a wise man rather than some socially awkward bum. I Am a Lonesome Hobo \\\"I Am A Lonesome Hobo\\\" is a song written and recorded by Bob Dylan, released in 1967 on his eighth studio album, \\\"John Wesley Harding\\\". The lyrics to \\\"I Am A Lonesome Hobo\\\" tells of the typical riches to rags tradition, where a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13306803\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution?\",\n \"text\": \"What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution? What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution? (, also known as \\\"¡Qué nos importa la revolución!\\\") is a 1972 Spaghetti Western comedy film. The title should be understood, according to the director Sergio Corbucci, as \\\"What Am I Doing in the Middle of the Western Cinema?\\\". It is the final chapter of the Corbucci's trilogy about the Mexican revolution, after \\\"The Mercenary\\\" and \\\"Compañeros\\\". The film mixes comedy and political apologue. Theatre director Don Albino Moncalieri and his only employee Guido Guidi are in desperate need of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16089787\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Village People song)\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"stump for substitute utopias...where there's plenty of 'unity,' 'happiness,' 'liberation' and 'togetherness.' \\\"Key West\\\" has been included on several Village People greatest hits compilation albums. I Am What I Am (Village People song) \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" is a song written by Victor Willis, Henri Belolo, Peter Whitehead and Jacques Morali that was first released by the Village People on their 1978 album \\\"Macho Man\\\". It was also released as a single with \\\"Key West,\\\" also from \\\"Macho man\\\", as the b-side in some countries including Germany and the UK. It did not chart in those countries, but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11828187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Village People song)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am What I Am (Village People song) \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" is a song written by Victor Willis, Henri Belolo, Peter Whitehead and Jacques Morali that was first released by the Village People on their 1978 album \\\"Macho Man\\\". It was also released as a single with \\\"Key West,\\\" also from \\\"Macho man\\\", as the b-side in some countries including Germany and the UK. It did not chart in those countries, but it reached #4 on the Billboard Dance Chart in a medley with \\\"Key West\\\" and \\\"Macho Man.\\\" It has since been released on several Village People\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11828181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Don't Understand You\",\n \"text\": \"the song inside of a room of a department of the Plaza Mayor while Belinda does appear abroad. Belinda is photographed by a child while she's singing. Then goes to the apartment where the duo and they delivered the envelope that includes the digital camera which made the photos along with a dedication to the singer. I Don't Understand You \\\"I Don't Understand You\\\" is the second single by the band K-Otic, from their studio album \\\"\\\", released in 2002. The song was written and produced by Daniel Gibson and released in 2002. The song has been covered by Spanish-born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15134101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Wish I Had a Wife\",\n \"text\": \"I Wish I Had a Wife I Wish I Had a Wife is a 2001 South Korean film about a lonely banker who meets a schoolteacher. Bong-soo (Sol Kyung-Gu) has been working as manager of a small bank in an apartment complex for three years. During his three years there, 23 years if you count his school days, Bong-soo has never been late. However, he purposely decides to skip work one day. There is only one reason. Inside a subway train that has suddenly stopped on his way to work, everyone around him reaches for their cell phones to call\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6937732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am What I Am (Broadway musical song) \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" is a song originally introduced in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical \\\"La Cage aux Folles\\\". The song is the finale number of the musical's first act, and performed by the character of Albin Mougeotte, first played by George Hearn. His version appears on the original cast album released in 1983. The song was composed by Jerry Herman, an openly gay man. The song was released as a single by Gloria Gaynor in 1983 and went on to become one of the singer's best known songs. A club\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8931026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Don't Understand You\",\n \"text\": \"I Don't Understand You \\\"I Don't Understand You\\\" is the second single by the band K-Otic, from their studio album \\\"\\\", released in 2002. The song was written and produced by Daniel Gibson and released in 2002. The song has been covered by Spanish-born Mexican singer Belinda (\\\"No Entiendo\\\") for her debut studio album \\\"Belinda\\\". The single debuted at number fifty-six on Dutch Top 40 and peaked at number thirty-eight. It includes an exclusive unreleased demo recording. \\\"No Entiendo\\\" (\\\"I Don't Understand\\\") is the fifth single by Spanish-born Mexican singer Belinda, from her debut studio album \\\"Belinda\\\", featuring the Spanish\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15134099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am Missing You\",\n \"text\": \"Starr's first rock solo album, \\\"Ringo\\\", notably on their joint composition \\\"Photograph\\\". Author Simon Leng suggests that \\\"[i]t must have been a case of déjà vu for Starr\\\" when he attended the Shankar session, due to the similarity in Harrison's musical arrangements for \\\"I Am Missing You\\\" and the equally Spector-influenced \\\"Photograph\\\". Starr played drums on the basic track for \\\"I Am Missing You\\\", while other participants had also recently contributed to \\\"Ringo\\\": Nicky Hopkins (piano), Billy Preston (organ), Klaus Voormann (bass) and Jim Keltner (drums). Shankar's sister-in-law, Lakshmi Shankar, sung the lead vocals, with Shankar himself taking the role\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17171906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)\",\n \"text\": \"special from 1968. A live recording featured on the album \\\"Aretha in Paris\\\" (1968). The song was sung by Maria Doyle in the 1991 Alan Parker film \\\"The Commitments\\\", and appeared on the film's soundtrack album. It also featured in the 1995 movie \\\"Major Payne\\\", and the 2007 movie \\\"This Christmas\\\", starring Loretta Devine. Garth Brooks recorded the song for the 2013 \\\"Blue-Eyed Soul\\\" album in the \\\"Blame It All on My Roots: Five Decades of Influences\\\" compilation. I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You) \\\"I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)\\\" is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8247187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who I Am And What I Want\",\n \"text\": \"a herd of twats who are going to make me wear clothes and eat with a knife and fork.\\\".\\\" \\\"Who I Am And What I Want,\\\" a film by Chris Shepherd and David Shrigley. A Slinky Pictures Production. An animate! commission funded by Arts Council England and Channel 4. Who I Am And What I Want Who I Am And What I Want is a 7 minute animated short directed by Chris Shepherd and David Shrigley in 2005. The film is based on the 2003 David Shrigley book of the same title. Kevin Eldon voices the role of the film's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8098889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (George Jones album)\",\n \"text\": \"emotionally powerful, even with the smooth production.\\\" Sputnikmusic calls the album \\\"As raw as the cheapest whiskey, as pretty as the girl you can’t forget...George took his tenor, along with the mainstay Country music themes of drinking and heartbreak, and made the entire genre his own.\\\" Amazon.com calls it \\\"an unassailable classic of modern country music.\\\" I Am What I Am (George Jones album) I Am What I Am is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1980 on Epic Records label. It was rereleased on July 4, 2000 with bonus tracks on the Legacy Recordings\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7699803\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am – Somebody\",\n \"text\": \"I Am – Somebody \\\"I Am – Somebody\\\" is a poem written in the 1950s by Reverend William Holmes Borders, Sr., senior pastor at Wheat Street Baptist Church and civil rights activist in Atlanta, GA. The poem is often recited by Reverend Jesse Jackson. According to \\\"The Reader's Companion to American History\\\", the poem was used as part of PUSH-Excel, a program designed to motivate black students. Jackson recited the free verse poem on \\\"Sesame Street\\\" in 1971, geared to fulfilling \\\"Sesame Street\\\" 's initial curriculum for serving under-privileged city children, as well as promoting cultural understanding. On Sesame Street,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2445170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am (album)\",\n \"text\": \"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am (album) I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am is a 1969 studio album by Dean Martin arranged by Glen Hardin and Jimmie Haskell. Martin recorded very little in 1969, only devoting two three-hour sessions in the Spring to record this album. \\\"I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am\\\" peaked at 90 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. William Ruhlmann on Allmusic.com gave the album two and a half stars out of five. He described the style as \\\"Hollywood-style country-pop\\\" and likened the title track to Roger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17325880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass\",\n \"text\": \"I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass I Am Not Afraid of You and I Will Beat Your Ass is the eleventh full-length album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released on September 12, 2006 by record label Matador. The title of the album is rumored to be a (paraphrased) quote by NBA player Tim Thomas. Sitting on the bench together during a game, Thomas was caught on tape by the MSG Network in a profane exchange with fellow Knick, point guard Stephon Marbury. Thomas yelled at Marbury, \\\"Everyone in this organization is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8481929\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am Spock\",\n \"text\": \"I Am Spock I Am Spock is the second volume of actor and director Leonard Nimoy's autobiography. The book was published in 1995, four years after the release of the last \\\"Star Trek\\\" motion picture starring the entire original cast, and covers the majority of Nimoy's time with \\\"Star Trek\\\" in general and Mr. Spock in particular. The book's title was a reference to the first volume of his autobiography, \\\"I Am Not Spock\\\", which had been published in 1975. At that time Nimoy had sought to distance his own personality from that of the character of Spock, although he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4023961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album) I Am What I Am is the second album by English singer Ruth Copeland. The album was released by Invictus Records in 1971 and was produced and arranged by Ruth Copeland, though it is widely believed that the actual producer of the album was her then husband Jeffrey Bowen. As with her debut, \\\"Self Portrait\\\", \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" contains contributions from George Clinton and the musicians from Parliament-Funkadelic, as well as local Detroit session players such as guitarist Ray Monette. In 1996, Ruth Copeland's first two albums were licensed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11769640\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Am I\",\n \"text\": \"You Am I You Am I are an Australian alternative rock band, fronted by lead singer-songwriter-guitarist, Tim Rogers. They formed in December 1989 and are the first Australian band to have released three successive albums, which have each debuted at the number-one position on the ARIA Albums Chart: \\\"Hi Fi Way\\\" (February 1995), \\\"Hourly, Daily\\\" (July 1996) and \\\"#4 Record\\\" (April 1998). Nine of their tracks appeared on the related ARIA Singles Chart top 50 with \\\"What I Don't Know 'bout You\\\" (February 1998), their highest charting, at No. 28. You Am I have received ten ARIA Music Awards from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3213744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Good Am I Without You\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 (and number 28 on the Cashbox R&B chart) when it was released. The single was co-written and produced by William \\\"Mickey\\\" Stevenson. What Good Am I Without You \\\"What Good Am I Without You\\\" is a Motown duet between singers Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston. The song was released as a single in late 1964 and became the first duet Marvin and Kim recorded, a couple of years before the duo recorded the breakthrough hit, \\\"It Takes Two\\\". The song came after the departure of Mary Wells, who had left Motown that year shortly after releasing a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12529742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Convicts (You Am I album)\",\n \"text\": \"Convicts (You Am I album) Convicts is the seventh studio album by the Australian rock band You Am I. The first single is \\\"It Ain't Funny How We Don’t Talk Anymore\\\", which was released as a digital download on 22 April 2006. Tim Rogers later said of the album, \\\"It hadn't been a great couple of years, and it's even worse when I look back at it now. I had no confidence at all so I wanted the guitars too loud and everything aggressive and loose.\\\" AllMusic described the album as, \\\"sharp and succinct collection that continues the band's snappy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7466872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album\",\n \"text\": \"Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album\\\", Dynamite Cop Music/Where Da Kasz at BMI. I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album I Am the Dance Commander + I Command You to Dance: The Remix Album is the first remix album by American recording artist Kesha, released on March 18, 2011. Announced on February 23, 2011, the album contains nine remixes, including featured appearances from André 3000 and 3OH!3, and one previously unreleased track, \\\"Fuck Him He's a DJ\\\". According\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15390010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marlon Brando\",\n \"text\": \"work as Malloy, but eventually producer Sam Spiegel wooed Brando to the part, signing him for $100,000. \\\"Kazan made no protest because, he subsequently confessed, 'I always preferred Brando to anybody.'\\\" Brando won the Oscar for his role as Irish-American stevedore Terry Malloy in \\\"On the Waterfront\\\". His performance, spurred on by his rapport with Eva Marie Saint and Kazan's direction, was praised as a \\\"tour de force\\\". For the famous \\\"I coulda been a contender\\\" scene, he convinced Kazan that the scripted scene was unrealistic. Schulberg's script had Brando acting the entire scene with his character being held at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"268976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Somebody That I Used to Know\",\n \"text\": \"to create a new, unique version of the track, titled \\\"Somebodies: A YouTube Orchestra\\\". Gotye states the concept \\\"was directly inspired here by Kutiman's Thru-You project\\\", released in March 2009, which edited numerous YouTube videos to create a new cohesive song. A similar mixing style is seen in the performance of \\\"Since U Been Gone\\\" in the September 2012 film release \\\"Pitch Perfect\\\". \\\"Weird Al\\\" Yankovic recorded a cover as part of his polka medley \\\"NOW That's What I Call Polka!\\\" for his 2014 album \\\"Mandatory Fun\\\". Credits adapted from \\\"Somebody That I Used to Know\\\" CD single liner notes.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15836848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album)\",\n \"text\": \"1 were released as the first single on the same record label (catalogue number 478), also in 1964. The second single from the album was \\\"Runnin' Wild\\\" b/w \\\"Angel's Lullaby\\\". All tracks written by Milan (M. Rodell). Side one Side two I Am What I Am (Milan the Leather Boy album) I Am What I Am is a studio album that includes the first recordings by Milan (with the exception of two early singles). The front cover \\\"(pictured)\\\" also includes \\\"presenting a bright new star\\\". The album was produced by Budd Granoff. Although Milan recorded many additional songs on later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9428968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I am Error\",\n \"text\": \"features it as an achievement title. The quote is featured in \\\"\\\" (2010). Video game designer Edmund McMillen put references to the quote in two of his games: \\\"Time Fcuk\\\" and \\\"The Binding of Isaac\\\". In \\\"Splatoon 2\\\" (2017), Pearl says \\\"I AM ERROR\\\" when her Team Retro loses the Splatfest to Marina's Team Modern. In September 2004, a homebrew developer released a mod of the original \\\"Zelda II\\\" game called \\\"Zelda II: The Adventure of Error\\\", in which Error has an adventure of his own. I am Error \\\"I am Error\\\" is a quote from the NES game \\\"\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18013952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album)\",\n \"text\": \"HDH Inc. and reissued by P-Vine Records individually. In 1997 these albums were reissued on one CD under the juxtaposed title \\\"Self Portrait\\\"/\\\"I Am What I Am\\\" (Deepbeats DEEPM 022). It was then issued under the title \\\"Gimme Shelter - The Invictus Sessions\\\" (Castle Music CMRCD 576). Both compilations omitted the track \\\"Un Bel Di (One Fine Day)\\\". The two (complete) albums, plus bonus single mixes of some of the songs, were released in a two-disc set by Edsel records in October 2009. I Am What I Am (Ruth Copeland album) I Am What I Am is the second album\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11769641\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (George Jones album)\",\n \"text\": \"songs that sounded as if they were pages torn from the singer's life. While Jones's recent albums with Sherrill had been accused of being erratic at times, \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" contained just about everything a fan could want from a George Jones record, including hard drinking songs like the self-explanatory \\\"I've Aged Twenty Years In Five\\\" and \\\"If Drinkin' Don't Kill Me (Her Memory Will)\\\", which rose to number 8 on the singles chart in 1981. In his essay for the Sony reissue of the album, Glen Gass of the Indiana University School of Music calls \\\"If Drinkin'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7699799\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am the Movie\",\n \"text\": \"several choruses on the album feature copy-and-pasted (or duplicated) vocal tracks. The sessions with Rose were difficult; he would insult the members if they made a mistake. \\\"It was a combination because he had some weird sort of back surgery that week; we sucked as musicians and thought we could do the whole album in ten days,\\\" Pierre recalled. Though they budgeted for a $4,000 recording, the original version of \\\"I Am the Movie\\\" ended up costing $6,000 to make. \\\"I Am the Movie\\\" was first released in the summer of 2002, as a hand-packaged floppy disk; the band cut\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4819845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Have I Been Pwned?\",\n \"text\": \"to HIBP's database. In August 2017, BBC News featured Have I Been Pwned? on Hunt's discovery of a spamming operation that has been drawing on a list of 711.5 million email addresses. The name \\\"Have I Been Pwned?\\\" is based on the script kiddie jargon term \\\"pwn\\\", which means \\\"to compromise or take control, specifically of another computer or application.\\\" HIBP's logo includes the text codice_1, which is a common SQL injection attack string. A hacker trying to take control of a website's database might use such an attack string to manipulate a website into running malicious code. Injection attacks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19400839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Camera\",\n \"text\": \"I Am a Camera I Am a Camera is a 1951 Broadway play by John Van Druten adapted from Christopher Isherwood's novel \\\"Goodbye to Berlin\\\", which is part of \\\"The Berlin Stories\\\". The title is a quote taken from the novel's first page: \\\"\\\"I am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking\\\".\\\" The original production was staged by John Van Druten, with scenic and lighting design by Boris Aronson and costumes by Ellen Goldsborough. It opened at the Empire Theatre in New York City on November 28, 1951 and ran for 214 performances before closing on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7247643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (George Jones album)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am What I Am (George Jones album) I Am What I Am is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1980 on Epic Records label. It was rereleased on July 4, 2000 with bonus tracks on the Legacy Recordings label. By 1980, Jones had not had a number one single in six years and, dogged by no shows and substance abuse, many critics began to write him off. However, the singer stunned the music industry in April when \\\"He Stopped Loving Her Today\\\" was released and shot to number one on the country charts, remaining\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7699793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What I Don't Know 'bout You\",\n \"text\": \"What I Don't Know 'bout You \\\"What I Don't Know 'bout You\\\" is the first single from the album #4 Record by Australian rock band You Am I. It was released in 1998 and reached number 28 on the Australian ARIA singles chart; the band's highest-charting single. Rogers said the song, \\\"was my favourite song that I'd written at that point. I loved the lyrics in particular, but it just wasn't recorded in the way I thought it should.\\\" \\\"You Want It So Bad\\\" is a You Am I original which later appeared on the …Saturday Night, 'Round Ten bonus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12771064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Have Been in You\",\n \"text\": \"between a boy and girl, \\\"I have been in you, baby/And you have been in me\\\". Recorded live at the Hammersmith Odeon in London, Zappa later re-recorded the vocals at his personal studio, the Utility Muffin Research Kitchen facility, using a close micing technique. Musically, the bass singer and the bass guitar are giving a counter melody. When Zappa begins singing the song develops into a slow reggae beat. At various points Zappa sings slightly off beat, letting the speech lengths of the syllables prevail, which emphasises the lyrics. In concert, \\\"I Have Been in You\\\" was usually performed as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19513415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am I (band)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am I (band) I Am I (stylized I ΛM I) is an English heavy metal band led by former DragonForce vocalist ZP Theart. The band released their debut album \\\"Event Horizon\\\" in 2012, followed by two singles, one of which is a cover of John Farnham's \\\"You're the Voice\\\" and the other an original song titled \\\"See You Again\\\". Their sophomore album was expected to be released in November or December 2015, but has not been released. The album, \\\"Event Horizon\\\", was set to be released on 26 May 2012 with their debut show following the next day at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16447369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am I (band)\",\n \"text\": \"be in November or December 2015. I Am I (band) I Am I (stylized I ΛM I) is an English heavy metal band led by former DragonForce vocalist ZP Theart. The band released their debut album \\\"Event Horizon\\\" in 2012, followed by two singles, one of which is a cover of John Farnham's \\\"You're the Voice\\\" and the other an original song titled \\\"See You Again\\\". Their sophomore album was expected to be released in November or December 2015, but has not been released. The album, \\\"Event Horizon\\\", was set to be released on 26 May 2012 with their debut\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16447377\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a God\",\n \"text\": \"invited to a widely anticipated runway show only on the condition that he agree not to attend any other shows. West responded by saying: \\\"So the next day I went to the studio with Daft Punk, and I wrote ‘I Am a God,’ Cause it’s like, Yo! Nobody can tell me where I can and can’t go. Man, I’m the No. 1 living and breathing rock star. I am Axl Rose; I am Jim Morrison; I am Jimi Hendrix. You can’t say that you love music and then say that Kanye West can’t come to your show! To even think\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17398813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am the Movie\",\n \"text\": \"credit card with a track listing. Four new tracks (marked with a *) were added for the Epitaph release. These new tracks replaced \\\"1000 Paper Cranes\\\", which is not found in the regular version (but is included as a \\\"bonus track\\\" on the vinyl LP, briefly available from the band's website, and on the Japanese import). Personnel per 2003 edition booklet. I Am the Movie I Am the Movie is the debut studio album by American rock band Motion City Soundtrack, released on June 23, 2003 through Epitaph Records. The group was formed in 1997 by vocalist Justin Pierre and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4819850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am Who I Am (album)\",\n \"text\": \"of nights, but I had a job to do and that was to win hockey games. You throw a puck on the ice I’ll give you everything I got. And this is no different\\\".\\\" I Am Who I Am (album) I Am Who I Am is the debut record by former NHL hockey player Theo Fleury, released on October 16, 2015 through eOne Music Canada. The album is a dark and personal effort that reflects his life and the demons he's faced as mentioned in his autobiography \\\"Playing with Fire\\\". Many fans were skeptical to see a Stanley Cup champion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19312492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Never Made a Record I Didn't Like\",\n \"text\": \"The character would play an important role several years later when Stevens filmed his direct-to-home video movie, \\\"Get Serious!\\\". Connie Freeman portrayed Charlene Mackenzie in the movie. The album cover shows Stevens as Will Rogers performing a rope trick. Rogers' most often quote is \\\"I never met a man I didn't like\\\" which served as the obvious inspiration for the album's title. The third track, \\\"Mama's in the Sky With Elvis,\\\" was previously featured on the second volume of the \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" package of Stevens' hits; it makes its first appearance on a studio album. Compiled from liner notes. Musicians\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16027368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Convicts (You Am I album)\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Hi Fi Way\\\" and \\\"Hourly Daily\\\". Convicts (You Am I album) Convicts is the seventh studio album by the Australian rock band You Am I. The first single is \\\"It Ain't Funny How We Don’t Talk Anymore\\\", which was released as a digital download on 22 April 2006. Tim Rogers later said of the album, \\\"It hadn't been a great couple of years, and it's even worse when I look back at it now. I had no confidence at all so I wanted the guitars too loud and everything aggressive and loose.\\\" AllMusic described the album as, \\\"sharp and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7466874\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Am I Gonna Do About You\",\n \"text\": \"on the Country Albums chart for the week of October 25, 1986, and peaked at #1 for the week of January 21, 1987. It stayed at the top for 3 consecutive weeks. What Am I Gonna Do About You What Am I Gonna Do About You is the 11th studio album released by American country music artist Reba McEntire. The album was released September 2, 1986 on MCA Records and was produced by McEntire and Jimmy Bowen. It was the second #1 album on the Billboard country charts, containing two #1 singles, \\\"What Am I Gonna Do About You\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7013113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Mark Morrison EP)\",\n \"text\": \"in October, which is National Domestic Violence Awareness Month (in United States). The video was premiered by KarenCivil.com. A music video for the title track I Am What I Am was uploaded to YouTube on 12 May 2014 at a total of two minutes and 54 seconds. The video premiered on Vice Noisey. The EP received generally mixed to positive reviews from music critics. DJ JD of DJ JD Studios complimented \\\"\\\"'I Am What I Am', definitely takes me back in time to the glory days of the 90's. Sitting in front of the TV, flipping through the channels and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18153340\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am the Greatest (A House album)\",\n \"text\": \"I Am the Greatest (A House album) I Am the Greatest is the third album from Irish rock band A House and features the fan favorite track, \\\"Endless Art\\\". At the time of its release, \\\"I Am the Greatest\\\" was very well reviewed, but sometimes the album was also marvelled at for its very existence. After their second album, \\\"I Want Too Much\\\", had been a commercial failure (despite critical plaudits) A House had been dropped by their record label and many doubted that they could continue. However, they refused to give up and, helped out by Setanta Records, produced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11792444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Am I\",\n \"text\": \"first Australian band to do so. McFarlane believes it is \\\"lean, nifty rock’n’roll\\\"; Nimmervoll wrote it was a \\\"back-to-basics\\\" album. The limited edition version included a bonus disc of nine tracks, \\\"Radio Settee\\\". By that time the rooArt label had been acquired by BMG. The album provided three singles, \\\"What I Don't Know 'bout You\\\" (February 1998), \\\"Rumble\\\" (April) and \\\"Heavy Heart\\\" (July). \\\"What I Don't Know 'bout You\\\" is their highest charting single, which peaked at No. 28; whereas \\\"Heavy Heart\\\" is their highest placed track on any annual Triple J Hottest 100, which was listed at No. 9,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3213761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Am I a Hindu?\",\n \"text\": \"Am I a Hindu? Am I A Hindu? , is a primer about the Hindu religion, published in 1992, by Ed Viswanathan. The book takes the form of dialog between a Hindu father and his American-born son. The son wants to understand his family's religious traditions and discover what is relevant for him today. The book provides a non-technical introduction to Hinduism as lived today. The Book tries to answer lot of questions about Hinduism very objectively and from a point of view of someone who doesn't know the religion well and whose information is vituperous. The book emphasizes that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9874340\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am So Proud of You\",\n \"text\": \"I Am So Proud of You I Am So Proud Of You is a 2008 animated short film by Don Hertzfeldt. It is the second chapter of a trilogy about the character Bill and continues the dark and philosophical humor of the first film, \\\"Everything Will Be OK\\\". In this chapter, Bill's recovery is haunted by the apparently genetic inevitability of his mental illness, and the lack of control over his own fate. The sudden death of a loved one casts a further shadow over his recovery. The short suggests \\\"simultaneous\\\" connections throughout time, through his strange family history, his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13155362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Am I\",\n \"text\": \"the highest at No. 9. You Am I were formed in Sydney in December 1989 by Tim Rogers (ex- Pleasureheads, Glazed Expression) on vocals, guitar, mellotron and Hammond organ; his older brother Jaimme Rogers on drums; and Nick Tischler on bass guitar. Tim Rogers and Tischler were old school mates. At an early gig, a fan provided \\\"a big spiritual spiel about '... I am you... you am i...'. The band took that as the inspiration for the working title\\\" for the group's name. This initial line-up was short-lived, Jaimme left before the end of the following year after a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3213746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am What I Am (Village People song)\",\n \"text\": \"in an unusual manner, as long as you don't hurt anyone else. Author Michael DeAngelis describes the theme as being \\\"pride and faithfulness to the individual and authentic self.\\\" DeAngelis notes that this theme had particular resonance at the time, when the gay community was in the process of \\\"coming out\\\" and a general cultural obsession was finding healthy ways to feel good about oneself. Author Frédéric Martel identifies \\\"I Am What I Am\\\" as one of five Village People songs that were touchstones to the gay movement in France when they came out (\\\"San Francisco (You've Got Me),\\\" \\\"Macho\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11828183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Who I Am Hates Who I've Been\",\n \"text\": \"Song of the Year at the 37th GMA Dove Awards. Who I Am Hates Who I've Been \\\"Who I Am Hates Who I've Been\\\" is a song by the Christian rock band Relient K. It was released in June 2005 as the second single from their 2004 album \\\"Mmhmm\\\". An acoustic version, originally recorded for \\\"Apathetic EP\\\", is included on the B-side, was included on the 2008 \\\"The Bird and the Bee Sides\\\" album. The music video entered TRL's Top 10 in 2005, reaching as high as 8th on the countdown. \\\"Who I Am Hates Who I've Been\\\" was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6176189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Am I a Hindu?\",\n \"text\": \"wrong beliefs about the religion. It also explains that how a religion, with no system of conversion has survived over ages. As said its in the form of dialogues thus answers questions very objectively. Am I a Hindu? Am I A Hindu? , is a primer about the Hindu religion, published in 1992, by Ed Viswanathan. The book takes the form of dialog between a Hindu father and his American-born son. The son wants to understand his family's religious traditions and discover what is relevant for him today. The book provides a non-technical introduction to Hinduism as lived today. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9874342\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["marlon brando as terry malloy in on the waterfront"],"string":"[\n \"marlon brando as terry malloy in on the waterfront\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78590,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what bow-tie wearing tv host and comedian, who got his start on almost live!, is known as the science guy?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"Joel McHale, Bob Nelson, Bill Nye, Bill Stainton, Andrea Stein, Lauren Weedman, Steve Wilson, Ed Wyatt and, Darrell Suto as Billy Quan. Writers included Scott Schaefer, who later went on to win three National Emmy Awards for writing on \"Bill Nye the Science Guy\", and original Head Writer Jim Sharp, who is now Senior Vice President of Original Programming and Development for Comedy Central in Los Angeles. Later seasons occasionally featured Seattle-area comedian and voice actor David Scully who joined the core cast during the final season. \"Almost Live!\" was canceled by KING-TV in 1999 because it was not making","psg_id":"4902192"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"Joel McHale, Bob Nelson, Bill Nye, Bill Stainton, Andrea Stein, Lauren Weedman, Steve Wilson, Ed Wyatt and, Darrell Suto as Billy Quan. Writers included Scott Schaefer, who later went on to win three National Emmy Awards for writing on \\\"Bill Nye the Science Guy\\\", and original Head Writer Jim Sharp, who is now Senior Vice President of Original Programming and Development for Comedy Central in Los Angeles. Later seasons occasionally featured Seattle-area comedian and voice actor David Scully who joined the core cast during the final season. \\\"Almost Live!\\\" was canceled by KING-TV in 1999 because it was not making\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902192\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Bow tie","text":"incorporate a bow tie. Shown below on the right is one style of ready-tied bow tie; there is also a clip-on that does not go around the neck but clips to the collar points. Wearing a ready-tied bow tie at formal occasions requiring a black or white tie dress code is usually considered a faux pas, though at occasions such as Schools Leavers' Proms or ones at which the participants are unlikely to have had much experience wearing bow ties it may be commonplace. If choosing a self-tie/tie-it-yourself/freestyle bow tie, there are usually two shapes available: the \"bat wing,\" which","psg_id":"2538610"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"point of view. The bow tie hints at intellectualism, real or feigned, and sometimes suggests technical acumen, perhaps because it is so hard to tie. Bow ties are worn by magicians, country doctors, lawyers and professors and by people hoping to look like the above. But perhaps most of all, wearing a bow tie is a way of broadcasting an aggressive lack of concern for what other people think. <br>- Warren St John in \"The New York Times\" Popular perception tends to associate bow tie wearers with particular professions, such as architects, finance receipt collectors, attorneys, university professors, teachers, waiters,","psg_id":"2538604"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"town. Bow ties are often worn with suits by those trying to convey a more dressed-up, formal image, whether in business or social venues. Bow ties are still generally popular with men of all ages in the American South, having never gone out of fashion there. Traditional opinion remains that it is inappropriate to wear anything other than a bow tie with a dinner jacket. Bow ties are also sometimes worn as an alternative to ascot ties and four-in-hand neckties when wearing morning dress. The dress code of \"black tie\" requires a black bow tie. Most military mess dress uniforms","psg_id":"2538609"},{"title":"Guy Williams (comedian)","text":"In September 2015, he released a charity single entitled \"The Pigeon Song\", featuring Christchurch rapper Scribe. It peaked at the number two position in the New Zealand singles chart. He left The Edge in December 2016. In 2017, he recorded and released his first half hour stand-up special \"In an election year\" live at Q Theatre in Auckland. Guy Williams (comedian) Guy Malachi Jones Williams (born 19 September 1987) is a New Zealand comedian and television personality. Williams was a co-host on satirical news and entertainment television programme \"Jono and Ben\", until the show's end in 2018. Williams was born","psg_id":"16944573"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"dispense with the band altogether, instead clipping straight to the collar. The traditional bow tie, consisting of a strip of cloth which the wearer has to tie by hand, is also known as a \"self-tie,\" \"tie-it-yourself,\" or \"freestyle\" bow tie. Bow ties may be made of any fabric material, but most are made from silk, polyester, cotton, or a mixture of fabrics. Some fabrics (e.g., wool or velvet) are much less common for bow ties than for ordinary four-in-hand neckties. The bow tie originated among Croatian mercenaries during the Thirty Years' War of the 17th century: the Croat mercenaries used","psg_id":"2538601"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cigar Company","text":"and cutters. The concept of using the bow tie stems from Billie King Jr.'s favorite accessory. Billie King Jr. said, \"I injected my personality into as many aspects of my business as possible. This is evident from the cigar bands to the website design, to the all-inclusive packaging concept, and my moniker. Bow Tie Cigars is me, and I am Bow Tie Cigars.\" The use of the bow tie as a central theme is also seen in the company's slogan, \"\"What color is your bow tie?\"\". Bow Tie Cigar Company purchases all materials from growers located in Santiago, Dominican Republic.","psg_id":"17367987"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"and politicians. Pediatricians frequently wear bow ties since infants cannot grab them the way they could grab a four-in-hand necktie. Bow ties do not readily droop into places where they would get soiled or where they could, whether accidentally or deliberately, strangle the wearer. Clowns sometimes use an oversize bow tie for its comic effect. Classical musicians traditionally perform in white tie or black tie ensembles, of which both designs are bow ties. Bow ties are also associated with weddings, mainly because of their almost universal inclusion in traditional formal attire. Bow ties, or slight variations thereof, have also made","psg_id":"2538605"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cinemas","text":"where Broadway and 7th meet in Manhattan, known as the \"Bow Tie\" of Times Square. Bow Tie operates many different types of theaters, from a twin art house (Red Bank, NJ) to a 21-screen complex in Richmond, VA. The company's premium large format auditoriums are known as \"BTX - Bow Tie X-Treme(R)\". Bow Tie has continued to grow and innovate. In 2017 the company debuted its new \"Ultimate\" locations in Norwalk, CT, featuring luxury electric recliner seating with in-theater restaurant and a full bar. Bow Tie Ultimate(TM) locations feature fresh baked artisan pizzas, and an array of dining options. Ultimate","psg_id":"18201947"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"front of the thinner one. Some notable designers of bow ties are Charvet, who invented some novel styles such as a cross between a batwing and a butterfly for the Duke of Windsor in the 1950s, Duchamp or Paul Smith. Bow tie The bow tie is a type of necktie. A modern bow tie is tied using a common shoelace knot, which is also called the bow knot for that reason. It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar of a shirt in a symmetrical manner so that the two opposite ends form loops. There are generally","psg_id":"2538612"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"wearers. He observed that bow ties were experiencing a potential comeback among men, though \"the class conscious man recoils at the idea\" of pre-tied bow ties and \"[l]eft-wingers\" ... \"recoil at what they perceive to be a symbol of political conservatism.\" He argues that, however, that anachronism is the point, and that bow tie wearers are making a public statement that they disdain changing fashion. Such people may not be economic conservatives, he argues, but they \"are\" social conservatives. In Smith's view, the bow tie is \"the embodiment of propriety,\" an indicator of fastidiousness, and \"an instant sign of nerddom","psg_id":"2538607"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"Bow tie The bow tie is a type of necktie. A modern bow tie is tied using a common shoelace knot, which is also called the bow knot for that reason. It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar of a shirt in a symmetrical manner so that the two opposite ends form loops. There are generally three types of bow ties: the pre-tied, the clip on, and the self tie. Pre-tied bow ties are ties in which the distinctive bow is sewn onto a band that goes around the neck and clips to secure. Some \"clip-ons\"","psg_id":"2538600"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cinemas","text":"the theater until it was closed as a theater in 2016. CO CT MD NJ NY VA NJ Bow Tie Cinemas Bow Tie Cinemas is an American movie theater chain, with 38 locations in Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. As of 2013, it is the eighth-largest movie theater chain in the United States and is the oldest, having been founded in 1900. Bow Tie Cinemas is family-owned and has been for four generations. Bow Tie Cinemas was founded over 100 years ago by B.S. Moss, originally as a venue for nickelodeons. Soon, Moss transferred his business","psg_id":"18201949"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cinemas","text":"Bow Tie Cinemas Bow Tie Cinemas is an American movie theater chain, with 38 locations in Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. As of 2013, it is the eighth-largest movie theater chain in the United States and is the oldest, having been founded in 1900. Bow Tie Cinemas is family-owned and has been for four generations. Bow Tie Cinemas was founded over 100 years ago by B.S. Moss, originally as a venue for nickelodeons. Soon, Moss transferred his business to the Vaudeville circuit. Moss continued to operate Vaudeville theaters like Manhattan's Colony Theater, notable for being the","psg_id":"18201945"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"vary between approximately 14 and 19 inches as with a comparable shirt collar. Fixed-length bow ties are preferred when worn with the most formal wing-collar shirts, so as not to expose the buckle or clasp of an adjustable bow tie. Adjustable bow ties are the standard when the tie is to be worn with a less formal, lie-down collar shirts which obscure the neckband of the tie. \"One-size-fits-all\" adjustable bow ties are a later invention that help to moderate production costs. To its devotees, the bow tie suggests iconoclasm of an Old World sort, a fusty adherence to a contrarian","psg_id":"2538603"},{"title":"John Keister (comedian)","text":"that he was happy that he was able to help get \"The 206\" up and running, \"but everyone is working for almost nothing.\" He said at the time that he was putting together a one-man show called \"The Keister Monologues\". In September 2017 Keister gave what he called his last stand-up performances in Seattle at Benaroya Hall. The show was entitled \"Living and Dying in Seattle\". John Keister (comedian) John Keister (born February 15, 1956) is a Seattle-based comedian, writer, commentator and motivational speaker, best known as the host of the local comedy program \"Almost Live!\" from 1988 to 1999.","psg_id":"8728486"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cigar Company","text":"ten upcoming entrepreneurs. They have also been featured in Cigar Inspector, Cigar Geeks, and other tobacco related publications. Bow Tie Cigar Company's branding focuses on the bow tie as a central theme. The banding on all their products is created in the shape of a bow tie. Different blends are created in different colors, with the current cigar line focusing on metallic bands. The company uses the image of a bow tie to create a memorable label that can be recognized by the image and color of the bow tie alone. The bow tie also appears on cigar boxes, packaging,","psg_id":"17367986"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"their way into women's wear, especially business attire. The 1980s saw professional women, especially in law, banking, and the corporate world, donning very conservative tailored suits, with a rise of almost 6 million units in sales. These were often worn with buttoned-up blouses, some with pleats up the front like tuxedo shirts, and accessorized with bow ties that were slightly fuller than the standard bow ties worn by their male counterparts, but typically consisting of the same fabrics, colors, and patterns as men's ties. Russell Smith, style columnist for Toronto's \"The Globe and Mail,\" records mixed opinions of bow tie","psg_id":"2538606"},{"title":"Omar Hamdi (comedian)","text":"Omar Hamdi (comedian) Omar Hamdi (born 1990) is a British comedian and television host. His parents are originally from Egypt, having moved to the UK in the 1970s. He is best-known for TV hosting on BBC One, including The One Show, and the BAFTA-winning show X-Ray. His appearances on the show have received national press attention, including being reported on by The Guardian and The Daily Mirror. Hamdi is a native of Cardiff, Wales. He initially got into comedy through his ex girlfriend who suggested that he use comedy as an outlet for his energy. He is a headlining comic,","psg_id":"20509593"},{"title":"John Keister (comedian)","text":"John Keister (comedian) John Keister (born February 15, 1956) is a Seattle-based comedian, writer, commentator and motivational speaker, best known as the host of the local comedy program \"Almost Live!\" from 1988 to 1999. A native of Seattle, he grew up in the Seward Park neighborhood and graduated from Franklin High School in 1974. He was an editor for \"The Daily\" as a student at the University of Washington, graduating with a degree in communications in 1979. He wrote for \"The Rocket\" and initially joined KING-TV as a music reviewer on a program called \"REV\" in 1984. Shortly thereafter, he","psg_id":"8728482"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"in Hollywood movies,\" but \"not the mark of a ladies' man\" and \"not exactly sexy.\" To this image he attributes the association of the bow tie with newspaper editors (because of their fastidiousness with words), high-school principals, and bachelor English teachers. Most men, he observes, only wear bow ties with formal dress. The four-in-hand necktie is still more prominent in contemporary Western society, it being seen the most at business meetings, formal functions, schools, and sometimes even at home. However, the bow tie is making a comeback at fun-formal events such as dinners, cocktail parties, and nights out on the","psg_id":"2538608"},{"title":"Guy Williams (comedian)","text":"Guy Williams (comedian) Guy Malachi Jones Williams (born 19 September 1987) is a New Zealand comedian and television personality. Williams was a co-host on satirical news and entertainment television programme \"Jono and Ben\", until the show's end in 2018. Williams was born in Christchurch to Gary and Roseanne Williams, and moved to Nelson when he was twelve months old. He attended primary school at St Joseph's School, and was educated at Nelson College from 2001 to 2005; in 2005 he travelled to Gallipoli with Prime Minister Helen Clark after winning a student essay competition. He was a member of the","psg_id":"16944569"},{"title":"Omar Hamdi (comedian)","text":"Thought\". He claims to rarely watch stand-up on television, or any television at all. Omar Hamdi (comedian) Omar Hamdi (born 1990) is a British comedian and television host. His parents are originally from Egypt, having moved to the UK in the 1970s. He is best-known for TV hosting on BBC One, including The One Show, and the BAFTA-winning show X-Ray. His appearances on the show have received national press attention, including being reported on by The Guardian and The Daily Mirror. Hamdi is a native of Cardiff, Wales. He initially got into comedy through his ex girlfriend who suggested that","psg_id":"20509598"},{"title":"Start Wearing Purple","text":"the streets. Then we see images of the band and lots of people dancing around, while consuming copious amounts of alcohol. Hütz said in an interview, \"It's one of the very few songs I wrote for a girl. I just moved in with my girlfriend in New York. We had a neighbour: an old woman who was always dressed in purple head to toe. She was clearly bonkers. So whenever my girlfriend and I had an argument and she would start screaming at me, I would say: you might as well start wearing purple now\". Start Wearing Purple \"Start Wearing","psg_id":"13007557"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cigar Company","text":"Bow Tie Cigar Company The Bow Tie Cigar Company is a premium cigar brand owned by Billie “Mr. Bow Tie” King Jr. The Bow Tie Cigar Company was founded in 2006 in Belleville, Illinois. By 2008, the company launched a total of four cigar blends ranging from mild to medium. In 2013, the company transitioned to producing the Metallic Series, beginning with the already released Copper Label. Bow Tie Cigar has been featured in one of the largest cigar magazines in the world, Smoke Magazine. Entrepreneur (magazine) also listed the company as a strong branding example in a list of","psg_id":"17367985"},{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"TV series \"Haywire\", in 1990. Almost Live! Almost Live! was a local sketch comedy television show in Seattle, Washington, USA, produced and broadcast by NBC affiliate KING-TV from 1984 to 1999. A re-packaged version of the show also aired on Comedy Central from 1992 to 1993, and episodes aired on WGRZ TV and other Gannett-owned stations in the late 1990s. The show was broadcast on Saturday nights at 11:30, pushing \"Saturday Night Live\" back to midnight. (On the other Gannett stations, it aired after \"Saturday Night Live\".) \"Almost Live!\" began as a weekly half-hour talk and comedy sketch show created","psg_id":"4902196"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cigar Company","text":"Production of the cigars also occurs in Santiago. Currently, their cigar line uses a mix of Brazilian, Dominican, Columbian, Nicaraguan, and Peruvian tobaccos. Bow Tie Cigar Company primarily sells and distributes online. The company also began selling in retail locations in 2013. They are currently distributing the Copper Label. Currently the Gold Label and the Platinum Label are being developed. Bow Tie Cigar Company The Bow Tie Cigar Company is a premium cigar brand owned by Billie “Mr. Bow Tie” King Jr. The Bow Tie Cigar Company was founded in 2006 in Belleville, Illinois. By 2008, the company launched a","psg_id":"17367988"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cinemas","text":"venue of several high-profile Disney premieres, like those of Fantasia and Steamboat Willie, the first Disney cartoon to feature Mickey Mouse. In the 1930s, Moss decided to focus more on the movie business and phased out his vaudeville program. In 1936, he opened his Criterion Theater in Times Square, which lasted as a successful movie theater until 2000. Since then, Bow Tie Cinemas has concentrated on the presentation of films. The company changed its name to Bow Tie Cinemas in 2004, upon opening its Criterion Cinemas complex in Downtown New Haven, CT. The name honors the company's flagship property, located","psg_id":"18201946"},{"title":"Bow tie (biology)","text":"Bow tie (biology) In the biological sciences, the term bow tie (so called for its shape) is a recent concept that tries to grasp the essence of some operational and functional structures observed in biological organisms and other kinds of complex and self-organizing systems. In general, bow tie architectures refer to ordered and recurrent structures that often underlie complex technological or biological systems, and that are capable of conferring them a balance among efficiency, robustness and evolvability. In other words, bow ties are able to take into account a great diversity of inputs (fanning in to the knot), showing a","psg_id":"13311551"},{"title":"Start Wearing Purple","text":"Start Wearing Purple \"Start Wearing Purple\" is a song by gypsy punk band Gogol Bordello, written by frontman Eugene Hütz. The song was packaged as a double single along with \"Sally\", and released as the band's second single in February 2006. It appears on their third album \"\". This version is a re-recording of the initial one which was featured in the band's first album, 1999's \"Voi-La Intruder\". It also appears in the soundtrack for the 2005 film \"Everything Is Illuminated\", in which Hütz stars as Alex. The video starts with Hütz wearing ladies shoes, and singing and dancing in","psg_id":"13007556"},{"title":"Bow tie","text":"a scarf around the neck to hold together the opening of their shirts. This was soon adopted (under the name \"cravat,\" derived from the French for \"Croat\") by the upper classes in France, then a leader in fashion, and flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is uncertain whether the cravat then evolved into the bow tie and four-in-hand necktie, or whether the cravat gave rise to the bow tie, which in turn led to the four-in-hand necktie. The most traditional bow ties are usually of a fixed length and are made for a specific size neck. Sizes can","psg_id":"2538602"},{"title":"Bow tie (biology)","text":"to mediate trade-offs among robustness and efficiency, at the same time assuring to the system the capability to evolve. Conversely, the same efficient architecture may be prone and vulnerable to fragilities due to specific changes, perturbations, and focused attacks directed against the core set of modules and protocols. The bow tie architecture is one of several different structures and functioning principles that living matter employs to achieve self-organization and efficient exploitation of available resources. Bow tie (biology) In the biological sciences, the term bow tie (so called for its shape) is a recent concept that tries to grasp the essence","psg_id":"13311554"},{"title":"Ralph Harris (comedian)","text":"Ralph Harris (comedian) Ralph Louis Harris is an American comedian, actor, and writer. Harris is best known for his role as Josh Jerrico in the TGIF sitcom \"On Our Own\", and his stand up routines. He is currently the host of \"My Momma Throws Down\" on TV One. Harris comes from a large family which is the inspiration for most of his stand up act. He began in stand-up comedy in 1985, after seeing Eddie Murphy on \"Saturday Night Live\". In addition to his stand up appearances, Harris has appeared on \"Seinfeld\", \"Living Single\", and \"The Parent 'Hood\". He also","psg_id":"10837536"},{"title":"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On","text":"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\" is a song written by Philip White and Michael Mobley, and recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was released in March 2005 as the lead-off single to his album That's Life. It was McCoy's first release from his vanity label 903 Music. The song reached number 10 on Hot Country Songs in 2005. \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\" describes a man who, after his girlfriend leaves him, becomes so intoxicated that he is said to be wearing beer goggles, a term used to indicate","psg_id":"13249765"},{"title":"Barry Mitchell (comedian)","text":"he was part of the writing team for \"That Was The Week That Was\", ABC's short-lived attempt to revive the 1963 BBC satire series as a segment of \"Primetime Live\". Since May, 2005, Mitchell has worked as a producer/reporter for CUNY-TV, the public affairs cable channel of the City University of New York, available in the five boroughs of New York City on Channel 75 and online at cuny.tv. Barry Mitchell (comedian) Barry Mitchell (born March 6, 1952) is a Brooklyn-born comedian, musician and TV producer. Mitchell is also known as \"Accordion Guy\" to viewers of ABC-TV's quirky, overnight broadcast,","psg_id":"6813585"},{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"Almost Live! Almost Live! was a local sketch comedy television show in Seattle, Washington, USA, produced and broadcast by NBC affiliate KING-TV from 1984 to 1999. A re-packaged version of the show also aired on Comedy Central from 1992 to 1993, and episodes aired on WGRZ TV and other Gannett-owned stations in the late 1990s. The show was broadcast on Saturday nights at 11:30, pushing \"Saturday Night Live\" back to midnight. (On the other Gannett stations, it aired after \"Saturday Night Live\".) \"Almost Live!\" began as a weekly half-hour talk and comedy sketch show created by then VP of Programming","psg_id":"4902187"},{"title":"Almost Heroes (TV series)","text":"Almost Heroes (TV series) Almost Heroes was a Canadian comedy television series that premiered on June 2, 2011 on Showcase, and ran for one season (eight episodes) before being discontinued by Showcase at the beginning of the 2011 fall season. The series is centered on the lives of two brothers, Pete and Terry, played by Ryan Belleville and Paul Campbell, running their late father's comic book store, \"The Silver Salmon\". The series was created by brothers Jason Belleville and Ryan Belleville. The series also stars well-known Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie. Canadian comedian Fraser Young is one of the writers and","psg_id":"15708867"},{"title":"Bow tie (biology)","text":"optimally organize fluxes of mass, energy, signals in an overall structure that forcedly deals with a highly fluctuating and \"sloppy\" environment. In a biological perspective, a bow tie manages a large \"fan in\" of stimuli (input), it accounts for a \"compressed\" \"core\", and it expresses again a large \"fan out\" of possible phenotypes, metabolite products, or –more generally – reusable modules. Bow tie architectures have been observed in the structural organization at different scales of living and evolving organisms (e.g. bacterial metabolism network) as well as in technological and dynamical systems (e.g. the Internet). Bow ties seem to be able","psg_id":"13311553"},{"title":"Scott Brennan (comedian)","text":"gay. In 2006 he also appeared as Dylan in the gay-science-fiction-fan-club short comedy film \"Outland\". Brennan is also an active voice over artist, appearing in commercials for Hungry Jack's and Coles Supermarkets. From July 2009, he appeared in the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\" as Josh Burns, a local newspaper paper editor. Scott Brennan (comedian) Scott Brennan is an Australian actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the Australian television program \"skitHOUSE\". He has previously performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and on Channel 31 shows such as RMITV's \"The Loft Live\" (as co-host and occasional","psg_id":"5933987"},{"title":"Rob Lloyd (comedian)","text":"Lloyd teamed up with RiAus in association with BBC Worldwide Australia/New Zealand to host The Science of Doctor Who which toured nationally during April, May and June. Rob Lloyd (comedian) Robert \"Rob\" Lloyd (born 3 April 1978) is an Australian actor/comedian who was the host of the RMITV flagship program \"Live on Bowen\" for the first two seasons. He was the host, co-writer and producer of \"The Mutant Way\", which won several 2010 Antenna Awards. Rob also has a \"Doctor Who\" themed stage show called \"Who, Me\" that has had sell-out seasons at the 2011 Melbourne Fringe Festival, the 2011","psg_id":"17476804"},{"title":"David Feldman (comedian)","text":"David Feldman (comedian) David Feldman is an American comedy writer, standup comedian and podcaster/radio host. He writes for Comedy Central's \"The Burn\" and Joy Behar's Say Anything on Current TV. In 2009, Feldman launched the listener-supported \"David Feldman Show\" (formerly known as the \"David Feldman Comedy Podcast\"), which includes a diverse mixture of live and prerecorded content which can be downloaded from the iTunes Store for free. In November 2013, he released a special digital download compilation album called \"The Very Best of the David Feldman Show, Vol. 1\". He has also written on ABC's Roseanne, HBO's Dennis Miller Live,","psg_id":"17333801"},{"title":"Tie pin","text":"wearing cravats with a consequently lower quality of materials and designs used in both the neckwear and in the stickpins used to keep it in place. By the 1870s, Americans had embraced stickpins and designs were mass-produced which included animal heads, horse shoes, knife and fork motifs, crossed pipes, wishbones, bugs, flowers, shields and a host of other figural motifs. By the 1890s, stickpins had crossed gender lines as women began wearing them with sporting outfits worn for bicycling, boating, horseback riding, tennis and golf. The Ascot, Four in Hand, Sailor scarf, cravat bow tie and wrapped scarf all became","psg_id":"9073609"},{"title":"Chandler Woodcock","text":"Assistant Senate Republican Leader and on the Judiciary Committee. Woodcock made a bid for the Governorship of Maine in 2006 but was defeated by incumbent John Baldacci. Woodcock ran as a publicly financed Clean Elections candidate. In January, 2009, he became the executive director of the Maine Harness Horsemen's Association. He is also the co-host (with State Representative Tom Saviello of Wilton of a Public-access television talk show on Mount Blue Community Access TV called \"Talkin Maine With the Bow Tie Boys\"; both Woodcock and Saviello are known locally for wearing bow ties. Woodcock is married to his wife Charlotte","psg_id":"7997255"},{"title":"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On","text":"the lack of sexual inhibition when one is drunk. Everything (the girls, barfights, etc.) looks good to him. The music video was directed by Buddy Swell. It features actor and comedian Rob Schneider and zookeeper Jack Hanna. \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 16, 2005. Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\" is a song written by Philip White and Michael Mobley, and recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was released in March 2005","psg_id":"13249766"},{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"hinted strongly that the show would be a successor to \"Almost Live!\". Subsequently, \"The Seattle Times\" published a blog article about the sequel which included behind-the-scenes glimpses at one of the sketches being filmed for the new show. Additionally, the new show has a presence on social networking Web sites such as Facebook. The show premiered on Sunday, January 6, 2013 on KING-TV after \"Saturday Night Live\". The show would be revamped as Up Late NW (pronounced Up Late Northwest) in September 2015. Some of the recurring segments featured on \"Almost Live!\" included: Some sketches were borrowed for the Fox","psg_id":"4902195"},{"title":"What Is and What Should Never Be","text":"descending riff [of \"What Is and What Should Never Be\"] is amazing: It's like a bow is being drawn back, and then it releases. The rhythm of the vocals is almost like a rap. It's insane — one of their most psychedelic songs.\" This was also one of the first songs recorded by the band for which Robert Plant received writing credit. According to rock journalist Stephen Davis, the author of the Led Zeppelin biography \"Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga\", the lyrics for this song reflect a romance Plant had with his wife's younger sister. \"What Is","psg_id":"5616996"},{"title":"Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (TV series)","text":"Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (TV series) Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot was an American animated TV series based on the comic book of the same name by Frank Miller and Geof Darrow. The series ran for 26 episodes on Fox Kids and featured, amongst others, the voice of Pamela Adlon (credited as Pamela Segall) as the voice of Rusty, R. Lee Ermey and M. Emmet Walsh. A line of toys based on the show was produced by Bandai, along with ephemera surrounding a brief promotional tie-in with Burger King. On July 12, 2016 Amazon released","psg_id":"14314010"},{"title":"Wearing My Rolex","text":"for 22 weeks. The song is used as the theme tune for \"The Kevin Bishop Show\". Wearing My Rolex \"Wearing My Rolex\" is a 2008 single from British grime artist Wiley, who is a founding member of the Roll Deep crew. Described as \"grime-meets-electro\" on BBC Radio 1Xtra, the song samples DSK's song \"What Would We Do\" and its lyrics \"usually, bubble.\" and was released on 5 May 2008 by Asylum/Atlantic Records. The track was produced by Bow producer Bless Beats. \"Wearing My Rolex\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. An a cappella gangsta-rap version of \"Wearing","psg_id":"11875072"},{"title":"David Feldman (comedian)","text":"has written jokes pro bono for candidates he supports. Feldman is a graduate of Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey. and Columbia University in New York City. David Feldman (comedian) David Feldman is an American comedy writer, standup comedian and podcaster/radio host. He writes for Comedy Central's \"The Burn\" and Joy Behar's Say Anything on Current TV. In 2009, Feldman launched the listener-supported \"David Feldman Show\" (formerly known as the \"David Feldman Comedy Podcast\"), which includes a diverse mixture of live and prerecorded content which can be downloaded from the iTunes Store for free. In November 2013, he","psg_id":"17333804"},{"title":"Bow Tie Cinemas","text":"locations are now open in Norwalk, CT (Ultimate Royale 6 and Ultimate Regent 8); Trumbull, CT (Ultimate Marquis 16 & BTX); and Annapolis, MD (Ultimate Annapolis Mall 11 & BTX and Ultimate Harbour 9). Future Ultimate locations are planned for Stamford, CT and Reston, VA. Clearview Cinemas was a movie theater chain within the New York metropolitan area founded in 1994. From 1998 to 2013, Clearview was a subsidiary of Cablevision. In 2013, Bow Tie Cinemas acquired forty-one Clearview theatres. The forty-second location, the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, was retained by Cablevision, but Bow Tie continued to operate","psg_id":"18201948"},{"title":"Wearing My Rolex","text":"Wearing My Rolex \"Wearing My Rolex\" is a 2008 single from British grime artist Wiley, who is a founding member of the Roll Deep crew. Described as \"grime-meets-electro\" on BBC Radio 1Xtra, the song samples DSK's song \"What Would We Do\" and its lyrics \"usually, bubble.\" and was released on 5 May 2008 by Asylum/Atlantic Records. The track was produced by Bow producer Bless Beats. \"Wearing My Rolex\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. An a cappella gangsta-rap version of \"Wearing My Rolex\", performed by the main cast, featured in the original Royal Court Theatre production of","psg_id":"11875070"},{"title":"The Comedian as the Letter C","text":"that millions of people live\", though Milton Bates reasonably interprets it as a fable of his own career up to 1921. Interpreters diverge on whether to emphasize its comedic qualities, with Bates, or its serious intent, with Vendler; to regard the journey as quixotic or partially successful. If the poem placed first in \"Harmonium\", \"Earthy Anecdote\", signals Stevens's attempt to transcend \"locality\", \"Comedian\" is a statement about what Stevens has learned from the attempt at the completion of the collection. Can Crispin (the artist, the poet, Stevens) hope to be something more than \"the intelligence of his soil\"? Can the","psg_id":"9650306"},{"title":"Kim Jun-ho (comedian)","text":"South Korea. His sister, Kim Mi-jin, is a TV show host He graduated from Chungnam High School and was majoring in acting at Dankook University before dropping. Kim is greatly influenced by the famous comedian, Charlie Chaplin. For this reason he chose his English name as \"Charlie Kim\". On March 2, 2006, Kim married musical actress Kim Eun-young. The couple lived separately since 2007 after Kim Eun-young moved to the Philippines alone to start a business. On January 22, 2018, the comedian announced his divorce with his wife after 12 years of marriage. Kim originally debuted under SBS's 4th class","psg_id":"18907660"},{"title":"Britain's Got Talent (series 12)","text":"he stepped down from his TV commitments in the aftermath of a traffic accident on 18 March 2018 that he was involved in. While McPartlin still appeared during audition episodes on both \"Britain's Got Talent\" and \"Britain's Got More Talent\", as these had already been filmed prior to the start of the series' broadcast, his colleague Declan Donnelly chose to present the live episodes in the wake of his decision. Outside of filming, Stephen Mulhern, host of \"Britain's Got More Talent\", was forced to miss four days of auditions due to illness, though this did not impact the sister show","psg_id":"20668445"},{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"Keister became the permanent replacement after Shafer left the program. Keister hosted for one season (1988) in the one hour, 6 p.m. Sunday slot (and in the talk show format), but, following the lead of a \"Greatest Hits\" special that aired at 11:30 Saturday, the show moved into that slot. Until he became host, Keister was a regular supporting performer. Many of the initial award-winning elements of \"Almost Live!\" were his efforts, so the program quickly changed formats to feature more of his abilities, as well as other cast members, in video sketches. The guest interviews and live band segments","psg_id":"4902189"},{"title":"Brad Williams (comedian)","text":"Brad Williams (comedian) Brad Williams (born January 13, 1984) is an American stand-up comedian and actor who has appeared in numerous films and television shows. He was born with achondroplasia. Williams was born with achondroplasia, a type of dwarfism. His condition plays a large part in the bits in both his stand-up comedy and television roles. He was a student at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California and after graduation, he attended the University of Southern California but dropped out to pursue his acting and comedy career. Williams got his start by attending a Carlos Mencia live comedy show.","psg_id":"10244701"},{"title":"Brad Williams (comedian)","text":"Brad Williams (comedian) Brad Williams (born January 13, 1984) is an American stand-up comedian and actor who has appeared in numerous films and television shows. He was born with achondroplasia. Williams was born with achondroplasia, a type of dwarfism. His condition plays a large part in the bits in both his stand-up comedy and television roles. He was a student at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California and after graduation, he attended the University of Southern California but dropped out to pursue his acting and comedy career. Williams got his start by attending a Carlos Mencia live comedy show.","psg_id":"10244697"},{"title":"Guy Hutchinson (comedian)","text":"Guy Hutchinson (comedian) Guy Anthony Hutchinson (born November 22, 1974) is an American author, broadcaster, theme park historian and comedian. Hutchinson (with Chris Mercaldo) wrote the book \"Sesame Place\" which was published by Arcadia Publishing. The book was made with the cooperation of Sesame Place and Sesame Workshop and tells the 35-year history of the Pennsylvania theme park in photos and text. Hutchinson had begun researching the history of Sesame Place by \"watching other people’s home movies on YouTube, sifting through Flickr photos, eBay auctions, and digging through old newspapers on Google,\" when he was contacted by Mercaldo about pitching","psg_id":"19012019"},{"title":"Petite (comedian)","text":"Petite (comedian) Vincent Aycocho, or better known as Petite is a Filipino actor, comedian, singer and TV show host, He is known for as a Filipino comedian in Comedy Bar, Paunch line and clowns, together with their other celebrities; Boobay, Iyah, Donita Nose, Ate Gay, Allan K. and Wally Bayola. Petite have a lot more project in GMA Network, hosting of CelebriTV paired by Joey de Leon's, Lolit's partner After in comedy bar Petite has a numerous shows in GMA Network; Petite signed a contract in GMA Network on 2014 as an actor and comedian, Petite guesting in CelebriTV, and","psg_id":"7707998"},{"title":"Petite (comedian)","text":"Yaya-in, Yaya Glo and Yaya Pak. After in Kalyeserye, Petite appearing extendend cast by his role in Vampire Ang Daddy Ko, with Iyah. Petite (comedian) Vincent Aycocho, or better known as Petite is a Filipino actor, comedian, singer and TV show host, He is known for as a Filipino comedian in Comedy Bar, Paunch line and clowns, together with their other celebrities; Boobay, Iyah, Donita Nose, Ate Gay, Allan K. and Wally Bayola. Petite have a lot more project in GMA Network, hosting of CelebriTV paired by Joey de Leon's, Lolit's partner After in comedy bar Petite has a numerous","psg_id":"7708000"},{"title":"Don Jamieson (comedian)","text":"Don Jamieson (comedian) Don Jamieson (born September 27, 1966) is a stand-up comedian, television host, and musician. He known for co-hosting \"That Metal Show\" on VH1 Classic and playing with acoustic death metal band Gunfire-N-Sodomy. Jamieson co-hosted the VH1 Classic series \"That Metal Show\" from 2008 to 2015. \"Rolling Stone\" included \"That Metal Show\" on its list of the 50 Best Reasons To Watch TV. Jamieson’s stand-up comedy album \"Live & Hilarious\", released by Metal Blade Records, reached the Top 20 on iTunes and Top 10 on the Billboard comedy charts. He performed at the Metallica Orion Music + More","psg_id":"14590765"},{"title":"Scott Brennan (comedian)","text":"Scott Brennan (comedian) Scott Brennan is an Australian actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the Australian television program \"skitHOUSE\". He has previously performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and on Channel 31 shows such as RMITV's \"The Loft Live\" (as co-host and occasional substitute host). In 2006, he joined the cast of the popular late night sketch comedy show \"Comedy Inc - The Late Shift\", airing in Australia on the Nine Network. He also appeared on Foxtel's comedy show \"Stand Up Australia\", where he performed a comedy routine on the fact that he is","psg_id":"5933986"},{"title":"Guy Hutchinson (comedian)","text":"the station in 1997 and began working as a disc jockey at WMGQ where he worked for three years. Hutchinson attended Notre Dame High School in Lawrenceville NJ, graduating in 1993. Hutchinson currently resides in New Jersey. Guy Hutchinson (comedian) Guy Anthony Hutchinson (born November 22, 1974) is an American author, broadcaster, theme park historian and comedian. Hutchinson (with Chris Mercaldo) wrote the book \"Sesame Place\" which was published by Arcadia Publishing. The book was made with the cooperation of Sesame Place and Sesame Workshop and tells the 35-year history of the Pennsylvania theme park in photos and text. Hutchinson","psg_id":"19012021"},{"title":"Larry the Cable Guy","text":"Radio. Larry the Cable Guy Daniel Lawrence Whitney (born February 17, 1963), known professionally by his stage name Larry the Cable Guy, is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, country music artist and former radio personality. He was one of the members of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy troupe which included Bill Engvall, Ron White, and Jeff Foxworthy (with whom he has starred on \"Blue Collar TV\"). Larry the Cable Guy has released seven comedy albums, of which three have been certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies and in addition has starred in three","psg_id":"4137058"},{"title":"Larry the Cable Guy","text":"Larry the Cable Guy Daniel Lawrence Whitney (born February 17, 1963), known professionally by his stage name Larry the Cable Guy, is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, country music artist and former radio personality. He was one of the members of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy troupe which included Bill Engvall, Ron White, and Jeff Foxworthy (with whom he has starred on \"Blue Collar TV\"). Larry the Cable Guy has released seven comedy albums, of which three have been certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies and in addition has starred in three Blue","psg_id":"4137047"},{"title":"Joe DeRosa (comedian)","text":"Me Down.\" Joe DeRosa (comedian) Joe Derosa (born August 6, 1977) is an American stand-up comedian, author, musician, actor, producer, director, editor, television writer, and podcast host. DeRosa got his start in comedy performing as part of a comedic musical duo called Deep at the New Road Brewhouse in his hometown of Collegeville, Pennsylvania. After a short time, Deep split up and DeRosa began performing stand-up comedy regularly at the Laff House in Philadelphia. DeRosa moved to New York City, where he became a regular performer in many of the city's comedy clubs. Beginning in 2006, DeRosa began co-hosting the","psg_id":"16973148"},{"title":"Joe DeRosa (comedian)","text":"Joe DeRosa (comedian) Joe Derosa (born August 6, 1977) is an American stand-up comedian, author, musician, actor, producer, director, editor, television writer, and podcast host. DeRosa got his start in comedy performing as part of a comedic musical duo called Deep at the New Road Brewhouse in his hometown of Collegeville, Pennsylvania. After a short time, Deep split up and DeRosa began performing stand-up comedy regularly at the Laff House in Philadelphia. DeRosa moved to New York City, where he became a regular performer in many of the city's comedy clubs. Beginning in 2006, DeRosa began co-hosting the \"Uninformed\" radio","psg_id":"16973133"},{"title":"Lee Ridley (comedian)","text":"his best friend from school, who refreshingly treats him as an equal but is not the influence Matt's concerned parents are looking for. In June 2018, Ridley won the 12th series of \"Britain's Got Talent\" after successfully making it through the audition stages, and winning the show by the public vote. Lee Ridley (comedian) Lee Ridley (born 31 December 1980) is an English stand-up comedian. Disabled since early life, and unable to speak, he is the first standup comedian in Britain to use a communication aid in his routines, performing them under the stage name of Lost Voice Guy. He","psg_id":"18883902"},{"title":"Family Guy (franchise)","text":"Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show\", in which voice actors Alex Borstein and MacFarlane performed songs from the show, as well as a parody of Lady Gaga's song \"Poker Face\" in the voice of Marlee Matlin, who appeared on stage as a guest during the performance. Some new animated gags also appeared in the show. On July 22, 2007, in an interview with \"The Hollywood Reporter\", MacFarlane announced that he may start working on a feature film, although \"nothing's official.\" In \"TV Week\" on July 18, 2008, MacFarlane confirmed plans to produce a theatrically released \"Family Guy\" feature film sometime \"within","psg_id":"19500757"},{"title":"What a Guy!","text":"to end it in 1996. \"What a Guy!\" was created when Bill and Bunny were visiting with Bunny's daughter and her family. Bunny's grandson was an early \"latchkey\" child. Bill and Bunny were amazed at his very \"grown-up\" comments and used him as the prototype for Guy Wellington Frothmore, who became the focus of a comic strip. \"What a Guy!\" cartoons featured a young boy who \"questions life's complexities\" and repeats adult concepts overheard from his yuppie parents. The strip was launched into print syndication across the United States and Canada by King Features on March 29, 1987. The strip,","psg_id":"14363761"},{"title":"Tom Davis (comedian)","text":"Tom Davis (comedian) Thomas James \"Tom\" Davis (August 13, 1952 – July 19, 2012) was an American writer, comedian, and author. He is best known for his comedy partnership with Al Franken, as half of the comedy duo \"Franken & Davis\" on the \"Saturday Night Live\" television show on NBC. Davis was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended The Blake School in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he began his friendship and professional partnership with Al Franken. In 1975, Davis got his big break as one of the original writers for \"Saturday Night Live\", where he and Franken also performed together.","psg_id":"5491540"},{"title":"Peter Moon (comedian)","text":"Bennett's Film \"The Nugget\". Since then Moon has been developing film and television projects and making occasional appearances in shows such as \"20 to 1\" and \"Let Loose Live\". He recently wrote, produced and appeared in The Comedy Channel's sitcom \"Whatever Happened To That Guy?\", which is loosely based on his post-fame life. He is also the Treasurer of the Australian Writers Guild. He has three children. In 2010, Moon joined the cast of \"Neighbours\" on a recurring basis as theatre producer Terry Kearney. Peter Moon (comedian) Peter Moon (born 18 January 1953) is an Australian comedian, best known for","psg_id":"9845272"},{"title":"Mike Walsh (TV host)","text":"actors, theatre restoration and production. Mike Walsh (TV host) Michael Hayden Walsh (born 5 March 1938 in Corowa, New South Wales), is a retired Australian radio and television presenter and media personality and theatre owner. His later career included theatre production in London and Australia. Walsh completed his education at Xavier College in Melbourne, before studying Pharmacy and Arts at Melbourne University where he was heavily involved in student theatre revues. Prior to starring on television Walsh was a disc jockey, a \"Good Guy\" on radio station 2SM. He was the host of \"The Mike Walsh Show\" from 1973 until","psg_id":"7641152"},{"title":"Mike Walsh (TV host)","text":"Mike Walsh (TV host) Michael Hayden Walsh (born 5 March 1938 in Corowa, New South Wales), is a retired Australian radio and television presenter and media personality and theatre owner. His later career included theatre production in London and Australia. Walsh completed his education at Xavier College in Melbourne, before studying Pharmacy and Arts at Melbourne University where he was heavily involved in student theatre revues. Prior to starring on television Walsh was a disc jockey, a \"Good Guy\" on radio station 2SM. He was the host of \"The Mike Walsh Show\" from 1973 until 1985. The enormously popular program","psg_id":"7641148"},{"title":"The One That Got Away (TV series)","text":"women — Alex, Zoe and Darcy, who formed an unlikely friendship after discovering that in different times in their lives, they were romantically linked with the same guy, Liam. According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement People in television homes, the pilot episode of \"The One That Got Away\" earned a 7.7% rating. The series got its highest rating on May 9, 2018 with an 10.2% rating. The One That Got Away (TV series) The One That Got Away is a 2018 Philippine television drama romance comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark Sicat Dela","psg_id":"20394109"},{"title":"Balot (comedian)","text":"imposed in 1972, stopping almost all TV broadcasts in the country. After the show ended, the stocky actor continued appearing on movies or as guest on several TV shows usually appearing in supporting roles as the father figure, househelp, the neighbor, or an avid cockfighter with a kerchief wrapped around his signature crew cut. Balot was married to comedian Matimtiman Cruz. He died in 1996 due to complications from diabetes; he was 70 years old. An incomplete list of movies made by Balot: Balot (comedian) Jaime Llave (March 22, 1926 – November 27, 1996) better known by his screen name","psg_id":"16142910"},{"title":"Josh Gardner (comedian)","text":"Faxon is Gardner's cousin. Track listing Josh Gardner (comedian) Josh Gardner (born 1971 in New York City) an American comedian and writer, Gardner is best known for his role as Saul Malone, a \"Gee-al-agist\", on Adult Swim's cult-classic \"Saul of the Mole Men\". Gardner first appeared on TV under the name Gerhard Reinke, the German host of the Comedy Central travel show, Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust, in 2003 (his real name was not listed in the credits as an actor, only as an Originator and Producer). Gardner also wrote for Comedy Central's The Man Show, and the Fox series \"A Minute","psg_id":"8458702"},{"title":"The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie","text":"the 85 knots to 13 aesthetic ones. The basic idea is that tie knots can be described as a sequence of five different possible moves, although not all moves can follow each other. These are summarized as follows. All diagrams are as the tie would appear were you wearing it and looking in a mirror. With this shorthand, traditional and new knots can be compactly expressed, as below. Note that any knot that begins with an o move must start with the tie turned inside out around the neck. Of the 85 knots possible with a typical necktie, Fink and","psg_id":"8744386"},{"title":"John Keister (comedian)","text":"joined the cast of KING's local comedy program Almost Live! with his best friend Pat Cashman. Following the departure of original host Ross Shafer, Keister became the show's host and its format was reworked to emphasize the opening monologue, sketches, and parody news segments. He won a total of twelve local Emmy Awards for his work on the show. \"Almost Live!\" was canceled by KING in 1999. In 2000, Keister created a new sketch comedy show for competing station KIRO-TV, titled \"The John Report with Bob\". Its format was similar to the news report segment he had done on \"Almost","psg_id":"8728483"},{"title":"Bob Levy (comedian)","text":"Bob Levy (comedian) \"The Reverend\" Bob Levy (born August 12, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, radio personality, and, for a brief period, a professional wrestler who is best known as being a regular personality on \"The Howard Stern Show\" as well as being the co-host of the \"Miserable Men\" show on Howard 101. He has often been the host of comedy roasts, was a frequent guest on the \"Opie and Anthony Show\" and was a stand-up comedy performer on the Killers of Comedy tour. Before his career as a comedian, Levy worked as a landscaper, a painter and a","psg_id":"6162334"},{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"on September 12, 2005, featuring the cast of the final ten years. KING-TV also aired \"\"Almost Live! Back At Ya\"\", a series of \"best of\" shows, on Sundays starting September 10, 2006 at 9 p.m. The \"best of\" shows currently air Saturday nights at 2 a.m. on KING-TV's sister station, KONG-TV. Reruns of normal shows are broadcast on KING-TV in Seattle at 1:35 a.m., following \"Up Late NW\". In July 2012, clips surfaced on YouTube that appeared to promote a sketch comedy show called The (206), referring to Seattle's area code. These clips featured John Keister and Pat Cashman and","psg_id":"4902194"},{"title":"Josh Gardner (comedian)","text":"Josh Gardner (comedian) Josh Gardner (born 1971 in New York City) an American comedian and writer, Gardner is best known for his role as Saul Malone, a \"Gee-al-agist\", on Adult Swim's cult-classic \"Saul of the Mole Men\". Gardner first appeared on TV under the name Gerhard Reinke, the German host of the Comedy Central travel show, Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust, in 2003 (his real name was not listed in the credits as an actor, only as an Originator and Producer). Gardner also wrote for Comedy Central's The Man Show, and the Fox series \"A Minute With Stan Hooper\". Aside from comedy,","psg_id":"8458700"},{"title":"Diddley bow","text":"by plucking while varying the pitch with a metal or glass slide held in the other hand. A glass bottle is usually used as the bridge, which helps amplify the sound. The diddley bow was traditionally considered an \"entry-level\" instrument, normally played by adolescent boys, who then graduate to a \"normal\" guitar if they show promise on the diddley bow. However currently, the diddley bow is also played by professional players as a solo as well as an accompaniment instrument. The diddley bow is significant to blues music in that many blues guitarists got their start playing it as children,","psg_id":"6599789"},{"title":"James McCourt (TV host)","text":"the new E! entertainment series \"Sexiest...\", was the live voice of '1 vs. 100' via Xbox Live Primetime in the UK and Ireland during Season 1. In his early career James worked for BBC Radio Sheffield and was lead singer of his own pop band - he still occasionally writes songs for musical theatre shows. His younger brother is the television and radio presenter Richard McCourt, of Dick and Dom fame. James McCourt (TV host) James McCourt is a British television presenter/host, celebrity interviewer, correspondent, certified life coach and royal expert. James is a host, celebrity interviewer, correspondent, a certified","psg_id":"5770174"},{"title":"Guy A. Lepage","text":"Guy A. Lepage Guy A. Lepage (; born Guy Antoine Lepage, August 30, 1960) is a Canadian (Québécois) comedian, actor, talk-show host, and producer. Lepage was one of the five founding members of the Quebec comedy group \"Rock et Belles Oreilles\" (which also included Yves Pelletier, Bruno Landry and André Ducharme), and remained with the group from 1981 to 1995. Lepage became a popular media mogul and TV series director in Quebec in the early 2000s. He created and starred alongside Sylvie Léonard in the popular sitcom \"Un gars, une fille\" (\"A guy, a girl\"). He then followed up with","psg_id":"4394318"},{"title":"Chris Baker (talk radio host)","text":"young sons. Chris Baker (talk radio host) Chris Baker is an American comedian and radio talk show host. As a comedian, Baker has toured with comics like Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy, Jerry Seinfeld, among others. His first talk show on WIOD-AM in Miami, Florida lead to positions with stations in Omaha and Kansas City (KCMO-AM), he was host of \"The Chris Baker Show\", a radio talk show based in Houston, Texas, followed by a stint in Minneapolis, Minnesota on 100.3 KTLK-FM. He returned to Houston in mid-February 2011, where he has a weekday afternoon radio show on 740","psg_id":"11950933"},{"title":"Chris Baker (talk radio host)","text":"Chris Baker (talk radio host) Chris Baker is an American comedian and radio talk show host. As a comedian, Baker has toured with comics like Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy, Jerry Seinfeld, among others. His first talk show on WIOD-AM in Miami, Florida lead to positions with stations in Omaha and Kansas City (KCMO-AM), he was host of \"The Chris Baker Show\", a radio talk show based in Houston, Texas, followed by a stint in Minneapolis, Minnesota on 100.3 KTLK-FM. He returned to Houston in mid-February 2011, where he has a weekday afternoon radio show on 740 AM, co-hosting","psg_id":"11950931"},{"title":"Got What It Takes?","text":"people. The winner of Got What It Takes 2018, Rio, performed at Radio 1's Big Weekend also. The winner of Got What It Takes 2018, Lauren, performed at Radio 1's Big Weekend also. Eight amateur youth singers take part in the singing talent competition. Three contestants are chosen to compete in \"the Sing-Off\" whilst the mums vote for who they want to win. The show is based on a Romanian TV programme called \"Mom Made Me a Star\". Audition applications for the first series were released in early 2015 under the working title \"Untitled CBBC talent show\". The second series","psg_id":"19289543"},{"title":"Facundo (TV host)","text":"Facundo (TV host) Facundo Gómez Bruera (born April 29, 1978), best known as by his stage name Facundo, is a Mexican TV host among Mexican teenagers. Facundo started his career at the Mexican TV network TeleHit together with his good friend Diego, hosting a show called Depasónico, where, besides presenting videos, the two conducted interviews and visited nightclubs. In April 2002 Gómez launched a new show called Toma Libre, where Changoleon becomes famous. Facundo also took part in Mexico's Big Brother VIP where he finished in second place. His fans called him \"the uncrowned king\". In 2004 he hosted a","psg_id":"12308698"},{"title":"Jason Byrne (comedian)","text":"Jason Byrne (comedian) Jason Byrne (born 25 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and radio host. He is well known for improvisation and his typically unscripted live shows, which often involve audience participation. In August 2008, he made his twelfth Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Byrne previously presented a mid-morning radio show on Phantom FM as well as a comedy chat show \"The Jason Byrne Show\" featuring P. J. Gallagher, and a comedy panel show called \"The Byrne Ultimatum\" on RTÉ Two. He created and starred in a radio show also called \"The Jason Byrne Show\" from 2010 to 2012 on BBC","psg_id":"9369611"},{"title":"Facundo (TV host)","text":"new show Incógnito which had a similar format to that of Toma Libre. It was transmitted by Televisa's Canal 5. Facundo (TV host) Facundo Gómez Bruera (born April 29, 1978), best known as by his stage name Facundo, is a Mexican TV host among Mexican teenagers. Facundo started his career at the Mexican TV network TeleHit together with his good friend Diego, hosting a show called Depasónico, where, besides presenting videos, the two conducted interviews and visited nightclubs. In April 2002 Gómez launched a new show called Toma Libre, where Changoleon becomes famous. Facundo also took part in Mexico's Big","psg_id":"12308699"},{"title":"Austin Knight (comedian)","text":"Austin Knight (comedian) Austin Knight (born July 5, 1959) is a comedian and actor from Manchester. Austin was born in Gorton, Manchester. Gorton is known today for being the filming location of the Channel 4 comedy-drama Shameless. He got his first break in the 1970s at the \"Search for a Star\" competition at Blighty's, a cabaret club in Farnworth. Austin Knight began his comedy career in the early 70s as a club circuit impressionist; in the early 80s he became a traditional standup comedian. He has written comedy scripts for TV and radio, writing material for Tommy Cooper, Les Dawson","psg_id":"13868956"},{"title":"What a Guy!","text":"up to two years' material in various stages of completion in his files.\" Reiner, who had already taken over drawing duties, would continue to draw \"What A Guy!\" and the five other Hoest comics then in production. (The other five were the syndicated \"The Lockhorns\" and \"Agatha Crumm\"; \"Laugh Parade\" and \"Howard Huge\" for \"Parade\" magazine; plus \"Bumper Snickers\" for \"The National Enquirer\".) This arrangement lasted until the strip ended in 1996. \"What a Guy!\" was one of the comics featured on Morning Funnies cereal boxes in 1988 and 1989, and the strips were collected in \"What a Guy! What's","psg_id":"14363763"},{"title":"Almost Live!","text":"enough profit for Dallas-based Belo Corporation, which acquired the station's owner King Broadcasting Company two years earlier. As of June 2015, KING-TV (now owned by Tegna) has aired reruns of the show in the time slot following \"Up Late nw\". In fall 2000, Keister created a new sketch comedy show for competing station KIRO-TV, titled \"The John Report with Bob\", essentially a carry-over of the news report segment he had done on \"Almost Live!\" with Bob Nelson in tow. The new show was canceled after two seasons, again because it was not making a profit. KING aired a reunion show","psg_id":"4902193"},{"title":"Jacob Haugaard","text":"own TV-station from a disused watertower in his backyard, until he got elected in 1994. Haugaard is also a well-known single performer, mixing comedy, singing and music, playing his home made guitar and wearing gaudy suits. He has recorded many music records and CDs since 1977. Jacob Haugaard Daniel Jacob Haugaard (born 12 May 1952) is a Danish-Faroese comedian, actor, musician, composer, writer, TV host and politician. Jacob Haugaard was a frontman of the SABAE association for many years. SABAE is an abrieviation of \"Sammenslutningen Af Bevidst Arbejdssky Elementer\", translating as \"Union of Deliberate Work-avoiding Elements\" and included several academics","psg_id":"13236975"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"incorporate a bow tie. Shown below on the right is one style of ready-tied bow tie; there is also a clip-on that does not go around the neck but clips to the collar points. Wearing a ready-tied bow tie at formal occasions requiring a black or white tie dress code is usually considered a faux pas, though at occasions such as Schools Leavers' Proms or ones at which the participants are unlikely to have had much experience wearing bow ties it may be commonplace. If choosing a self-tie/tie-it-yourself/freestyle bow tie, there are usually two shapes available: the \\\"bat wing,\\\" which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"point of view. The bow tie hints at intellectualism, real or feigned, and sometimes suggests technical acumen, perhaps because it is so hard to tie. Bow ties are worn by magicians, country doctors, lawyers and professors and by people hoping to look like the above. But perhaps most of all, wearing a bow tie is a way of broadcasting an aggressive lack of concern for what other people think. <br>- Warren St John in \\\"The New York Times\\\" Popular perception tends to associate bow tie wearers with particular professions, such as architects, finance receipt collectors, attorneys, university professors, teachers, waiters,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538604\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"town. Bow ties are often worn with suits by those trying to convey a more dressed-up, formal image, whether in business or social venues. Bow ties are still generally popular with men of all ages in the American South, having never gone out of fashion there. Traditional opinion remains that it is inappropriate to wear anything other than a bow tie with a dinner jacket. Bow ties are also sometimes worn as an alternative to ascot ties and four-in-hand neckties when wearing morning dress. The dress code of \\\"black tie\\\" requires a black bow tie. Most military mess dress uniforms\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guy Williams (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"In September 2015, he released a charity single entitled \\\"The Pigeon Song\\\", featuring Christchurch rapper Scribe. It peaked at the number two position in the New Zealand singles chart. He left The Edge in December 2016. In 2017, he recorded and released his first half hour stand-up special \\\"In an election year\\\" live at Q Theatre in Auckland. Guy Williams (comedian) Guy Malachi Jones Williams (born 19 September 1987) is a New Zealand comedian and television personality. Williams was a co-host on satirical news and entertainment television programme \\\"Jono and Ben\\\", until the show's end in 2018. Williams was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16944573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"dispense with the band altogether, instead clipping straight to the collar. The traditional bow tie, consisting of a strip of cloth which the wearer has to tie by hand, is also known as a \\\"self-tie,\\\" \\\"tie-it-yourself,\\\" or \\\"freestyle\\\" bow tie. Bow ties may be made of any fabric material, but most are made from silk, polyester, cotton, or a mixture of fabrics. Some fabrics (e.g., wool or velvet) are much less common for bow ties than for ordinary four-in-hand neckties. The bow tie originated among Croatian mercenaries during the Thirty Years' War of the 17th century: the Croat mercenaries used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cigar Company\",\n \"text\": \"and cutters. The concept of using the bow tie stems from Billie King Jr.'s favorite accessory. Billie King Jr. said, \\\"I injected my personality into as many aspects of my business as possible. This is evident from the cigar bands to the website design, to the all-inclusive packaging concept, and my moniker. Bow Tie Cigars is me, and I am Bow Tie Cigars.\\\" The use of the bow tie as a central theme is also seen in the company's slogan, \\\"\\\"What color is your bow tie?\\\"\\\". Bow Tie Cigar Company purchases all materials from growers located in Santiago, Dominican Republic.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17367987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"and politicians. Pediatricians frequently wear bow ties since infants cannot grab them the way they could grab a four-in-hand necktie. Bow ties do not readily droop into places where they would get soiled or where they could, whether accidentally or deliberately, strangle the wearer. Clowns sometimes use an oversize bow tie for its comic effect. Classical musicians traditionally perform in white tie or black tie ensembles, of which both designs are bow ties. Bow ties are also associated with weddings, mainly because of their almost universal inclusion in traditional formal attire. Bow ties, or slight variations thereof, have also made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538605\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cinemas\",\n \"text\": \"where Broadway and 7th meet in Manhattan, known as the \\\"Bow Tie\\\" of Times Square. Bow Tie operates many different types of theaters, from a twin art house (Red Bank, NJ) to a 21-screen complex in Richmond, VA. The company's premium large format auditoriums are known as \\\"BTX - Bow Tie X-Treme(R)\\\". Bow Tie has continued to grow and innovate. In 2017 the company debuted its new \\\"Ultimate\\\" locations in Norwalk, CT, featuring luxury electric recliner seating with in-theater restaurant and a full bar. Bow Tie Ultimate(TM) locations feature fresh baked artisan pizzas, and an array of dining options. Ultimate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18201947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"front of the thinner one. Some notable designers of bow ties are Charvet, who invented some novel styles such as a cross between a batwing and a butterfly for the Duke of Windsor in the 1950s, Duchamp or Paul Smith. Bow tie The bow tie is a type of necktie. A modern bow tie is tied using a common shoelace knot, which is also called the bow knot for that reason. It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar of a shirt in a symmetrical manner so that the two opposite ends form loops. There are generally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"wearers. He observed that bow ties were experiencing a potential comeback among men, though \\\"the class conscious man recoils at the idea\\\" of pre-tied bow ties and \\\"[l]eft-wingers\\\" ... \\\"recoil at what they perceive to be a symbol of political conservatism.\\\" He argues that, however, that anachronism is the point, and that bow tie wearers are making a public statement that they disdain changing fashion. Such people may not be economic conservatives, he argues, but they \\\"are\\\" social conservatives. In Smith's view, the bow tie is \\\"the embodiment of propriety,\\\" an indicator of fastidiousness, and \\\"an instant sign of nerddom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"Bow tie The bow tie is a type of necktie. A modern bow tie is tied using a common shoelace knot, which is also called the bow knot for that reason. It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar of a shirt in a symmetrical manner so that the two opposite ends form loops. There are generally three types of bow ties: the pre-tied, the clip on, and the self tie. Pre-tied bow ties are ties in which the distinctive bow is sewn onto a band that goes around the neck and clips to secure. Some \\\"clip-ons\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cinemas\",\n \"text\": \"the theater until it was closed as a theater in 2016. CO CT MD NJ NY VA NJ Bow Tie Cinemas Bow Tie Cinemas is an American movie theater chain, with 38 locations in Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. As of 2013, it is the eighth-largest movie theater chain in the United States and is the oldest, having been founded in 1900. Bow Tie Cinemas is family-owned and has been for four generations. Bow Tie Cinemas was founded over 100 years ago by B.S. Moss, originally as a venue for nickelodeons. Soon, Moss transferred his business\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18201949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cinemas\",\n \"text\": \"Bow Tie Cinemas Bow Tie Cinemas is an American movie theater chain, with 38 locations in Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. As of 2013, it is the eighth-largest movie theater chain in the United States and is the oldest, having been founded in 1900. Bow Tie Cinemas is family-owned and has been for four generations. Bow Tie Cinemas was founded over 100 years ago by B.S. Moss, originally as a venue for nickelodeons. Soon, Moss transferred his business to the Vaudeville circuit. Moss continued to operate Vaudeville theaters like Manhattan's Colony Theater, notable for being the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18201945\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"vary between approximately 14 and 19 inches as with a comparable shirt collar. Fixed-length bow ties are preferred when worn with the most formal wing-collar shirts, so as not to expose the buckle or clasp of an adjustable bow tie. Adjustable bow ties are the standard when the tie is to be worn with a less formal, lie-down collar shirts which obscure the neckband of the tie. \\\"One-size-fits-all\\\" adjustable bow ties are a later invention that help to moderate production costs. To its devotees, the bow tie suggests iconoclasm of an Old World sort, a fusty adherence to a contrarian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538603\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Keister (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"that he was happy that he was able to help get \\\"The 206\\\" up and running, \\\"but everyone is working for almost nothing.\\\" He said at the time that he was putting together a one-man show called \\\"The Keister Monologues\\\". In September 2017 Keister gave what he called his last stand-up performances in Seattle at Benaroya Hall. The show was entitled \\\"Living and Dying in Seattle\\\". John Keister (comedian) John Keister (born February 15, 1956) is a Seattle-based comedian, writer, commentator and motivational speaker, best known as the host of the local comedy program \\\"Almost Live!\\\" from 1988 to 1999.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8728486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cigar Company\",\n \"text\": \"ten upcoming entrepreneurs. They have also been featured in Cigar Inspector, Cigar Geeks, and other tobacco related publications. Bow Tie Cigar Company's branding focuses on the bow tie as a central theme. The banding on all their products is created in the shape of a bow tie. Different blends are created in different colors, with the current cigar line focusing on metallic bands. The company uses the image of a bow tie to create a memorable label that can be recognized by the image and color of the bow tie alone. The bow tie also appears on cigar boxes, packaging,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17367986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"their way into women's wear, especially business attire. The 1980s saw professional women, especially in law, banking, and the corporate world, donning very conservative tailored suits, with a rise of almost 6 million units in sales. These were often worn with buttoned-up blouses, some with pleats up the front like tuxedo shirts, and accessorized with bow ties that were slightly fuller than the standard bow ties worn by their male counterparts, but typically consisting of the same fabrics, colors, and patterns as men's ties. Russell Smith, style columnist for Toronto's \\\"The Globe and Mail,\\\" records mixed opinions of bow tie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Omar Hamdi (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Omar Hamdi (comedian) Omar Hamdi (born 1990) is a British comedian and television host. His parents are originally from Egypt, having moved to the UK in the 1970s. He is best-known for TV hosting on BBC One, including The One Show, and the BAFTA-winning show X-Ray. His appearances on the show have received national press attention, including being reported on by The Guardian and The Daily Mirror. Hamdi is a native of Cardiff, Wales. He initially got into comedy through his ex girlfriend who suggested that he use comedy as an outlet for his energy. He is a headlining comic,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20509593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Keister (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"John Keister (comedian) John Keister (born February 15, 1956) is a Seattle-based comedian, writer, commentator and motivational speaker, best known as the host of the local comedy program \\\"Almost Live!\\\" from 1988 to 1999. A native of Seattle, he grew up in the Seward Park neighborhood and graduated from Franklin High School in 1974. He was an editor for \\\"The Daily\\\" as a student at the University of Washington, graduating with a degree in communications in 1979. He wrote for \\\"The Rocket\\\" and initially joined KING-TV as a music reviewer on a program called \\\"REV\\\" in 1984. Shortly thereafter, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8728482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"in Hollywood movies,\\\" but \\\"not the mark of a ladies' man\\\" and \\\"not exactly sexy.\\\" To this image he attributes the association of the bow tie with newspaper editors (because of their fastidiousness with words), high-school principals, and bachelor English teachers. Most men, he observes, only wear bow ties with formal dress. The four-in-hand necktie is still more prominent in contemporary Western society, it being seen the most at business meetings, formal functions, schools, and sometimes even at home. However, the bow tie is making a comeback at fun-formal events such as dinners, cocktail parties, and nights out on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guy Williams (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Guy Williams (comedian) Guy Malachi Jones Williams (born 19 September 1987) is a New Zealand comedian and television personality. Williams was a co-host on satirical news and entertainment television programme \\\"Jono and Ben\\\", until the show's end in 2018. Williams was born in Christchurch to Gary and Roseanne Williams, and moved to Nelson when he was twelve months old. He attended primary school at St Joseph's School, and was educated at Nelson College from 2001 to 2005; in 2005 he travelled to Gallipoli with Prime Minister Helen Clark after winning a student essay competition. He was a member of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16944569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Omar Hamdi (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Thought\\\". He claims to rarely watch stand-up on television, or any television at all. Omar Hamdi (comedian) Omar Hamdi (born 1990) is a British comedian and television host. His parents are originally from Egypt, having moved to the UK in the 1970s. He is best-known for TV hosting on BBC One, including The One Show, and the BAFTA-winning show X-Ray. His appearances on the show have received national press attention, including being reported on by The Guardian and The Daily Mirror. Hamdi is a native of Cardiff, Wales. He initially got into comedy through his ex girlfriend who suggested that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20509598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Start Wearing Purple\",\n \"text\": \"the streets. Then we see images of the band and lots of people dancing around, while consuming copious amounts of alcohol. Hütz said in an interview, \\\"It's one of the very few songs I wrote for a girl. I just moved in with my girlfriend in New York. We had a neighbour: an old woman who was always dressed in purple head to toe. She was clearly bonkers. So whenever my girlfriend and I had an argument and she would start screaming at me, I would say: you might as well start wearing purple now\\\". Start Wearing Purple \\\"Start Wearing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13007557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cigar Company\",\n \"text\": \"Bow Tie Cigar Company The Bow Tie Cigar Company is a premium cigar brand owned by Billie “Mr. Bow Tie” King Jr. The Bow Tie Cigar Company was founded in 2006 in Belleville, Illinois. By 2008, the company launched a total of four cigar blends ranging from mild to medium. In 2013, the company transitioned to producing the Metallic Series, beginning with the already released Copper Label. Bow Tie Cigar has been featured in one of the largest cigar magazines in the world, Smoke Magazine. Entrepreneur (magazine) also listed the company as a strong branding example in a list of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17367985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"TV series \\\"Haywire\\\", in 1990. Almost Live! Almost Live! was a local sketch comedy television show in Seattle, Washington, USA, produced and broadcast by NBC affiliate KING-TV from 1984 to 1999. A re-packaged version of the show also aired on Comedy Central from 1992 to 1993, and episodes aired on WGRZ TV and other Gannett-owned stations in the late 1990s. The show was broadcast on Saturday nights at 11:30, pushing \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" back to midnight. (On the other Gannett stations, it aired after \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\".) \\\"Almost Live!\\\" began as a weekly half-hour talk and comedy sketch show created\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902196\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cigar Company\",\n \"text\": \"Production of the cigars also occurs in Santiago. Currently, their cigar line uses a mix of Brazilian, Dominican, Columbian, Nicaraguan, and Peruvian tobaccos. Bow Tie Cigar Company primarily sells and distributes online. The company also began selling in retail locations in 2013. They are currently distributing the Copper Label. Currently the Gold Label and the Platinum Label are being developed. Bow Tie Cigar Company The Bow Tie Cigar Company is a premium cigar brand owned by Billie “Mr. Bow Tie” King Jr. The Bow Tie Cigar Company was founded in 2006 in Belleville, Illinois. By 2008, the company launched a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17367988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cinemas\",\n \"text\": \"venue of several high-profile Disney premieres, like those of Fantasia and Steamboat Willie, the first Disney cartoon to feature Mickey Mouse. In the 1930s, Moss decided to focus more on the movie business and phased out his vaudeville program. In 1936, he opened his Criterion Theater in Times Square, which lasted as a successful movie theater until 2000. Since then, Bow Tie Cinemas has concentrated on the presentation of films. The company changed its name to Bow Tie Cinemas in 2004, upon opening its Criterion Cinemas complex in Downtown New Haven, CT. The name honors the company's flagship property, located\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18201946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie (biology)\",\n \"text\": \"Bow tie (biology) In the biological sciences, the term bow tie (so called for its shape) is a recent concept that tries to grasp the essence of some operational and functional structures observed in biological organisms and other kinds of complex and self-organizing systems. In general, bow tie architectures refer to ordered and recurrent structures that often underlie complex technological or biological systems, and that are capable of conferring them a balance among efficiency, robustness and evolvability. In other words, bow ties are able to take into account a great diversity of inputs (fanning in to the knot), showing a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13311551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Start Wearing Purple\",\n \"text\": \"Start Wearing Purple \\\"Start Wearing Purple\\\" is a song by gypsy punk band Gogol Bordello, written by frontman Eugene Hütz. The song was packaged as a double single along with \\\"Sally\\\", and released as the band's second single in February 2006. It appears on their third album \\\"\\\". This version is a re-recording of the initial one which was featured in the band's first album, 1999's \\\"Voi-La Intruder\\\". It also appears in the soundtrack for the 2005 film \\\"Everything Is Illuminated\\\", in which Hütz stars as Alex. The video starts with Hütz wearing ladies shoes, and singing and dancing in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13007556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie\",\n \"text\": \"a scarf around the neck to hold together the opening of their shirts. This was soon adopted (under the name \\\"cravat,\\\" derived from the French for \\\"Croat\\\") by the upper classes in France, then a leader in fashion, and flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is uncertain whether the cravat then evolved into the bow tie and four-in-hand necktie, or whether the cravat gave rise to the bow tie, which in turn led to the four-in-hand necktie. The most traditional bow ties are usually of a fixed length and are made for a specific size neck. Sizes can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2538602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie (biology)\",\n \"text\": \"to mediate trade-offs among robustness and efficiency, at the same time assuring to the system the capability to evolve. Conversely, the same efficient architecture may be prone and vulnerable to fragilities due to specific changes, perturbations, and focused attacks directed against the core set of modules and protocols. The bow tie architecture is one of several different structures and functioning principles that living matter employs to achieve self-organization and efficient exploitation of available resources. Bow tie (biology) In the biological sciences, the term bow tie (so called for its shape) is a recent concept that tries to grasp the essence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13311554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ralph Harris (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Ralph Harris (comedian) Ralph Louis Harris is an American comedian, actor, and writer. Harris is best known for his role as Josh Jerrico in the TGIF sitcom \\\"On Our Own\\\", and his stand up routines. He is currently the host of \\\"My Momma Throws Down\\\" on TV One. Harris comes from a large family which is the inspiration for most of his stand up act. He began in stand-up comedy in 1985, after seeing Eddie Murphy on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\". In addition to his stand up appearances, Harris has appeared on \\\"Seinfeld\\\", \\\"Living Single\\\", and \\\"The Parent 'Hood\\\". He also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10837536\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\",\n \"text\": \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On \\\"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\\\" is a song written by Philip White and Michael Mobley, and recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was released in March 2005 as the lead-off single to his album That's Life. It was McCoy's first release from his vanity label 903 Music. The song reached number 10 on Hot Country Songs in 2005. \\\"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\\\" describes a man who, after his girlfriend leaves him, becomes so intoxicated that he is said to be wearing beer goggles, a term used to indicate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13249765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Barry Mitchell (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"he was part of the writing team for \\\"That Was The Week That Was\\\", ABC's short-lived attempt to revive the 1963 BBC satire series as a segment of \\\"Primetime Live\\\". Since May, 2005, Mitchell has worked as a producer/reporter for CUNY-TV, the public affairs cable channel of the City University of New York, available in the five boroughs of New York City on Channel 75 and online at cuny.tv. Barry Mitchell (comedian) Barry Mitchell (born March 6, 1952) is a Brooklyn-born comedian, musician and TV producer. Mitchell is also known as \\\"Accordion Guy\\\" to viewers of ABC-TV's quirky, overnight broadcast,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6813585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"Almost Live! Almost Live! was a local sketch comedy television show in Seattle, Washington, USA, produced and broadcast by NBC affiliate KING-TV from 1984 to 1999. A re-packaged version of the show also aired on Comedy Central from 1992 to 1993, and episodes aired on WGRZ TV and other Gannett-owned stations in the late 1990s. The show was broadcast on Saturday nights at 11:30, pushing \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" back to midnight. (On the other Gannett stations, it aired after \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\".) \\\"Almost Live!\\\" began as a weekly half-hour talk and comedy sketch show created by then VP of Programming\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Heroes (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"Almost Heroes (TV series) Almost Heroes was a Canadian comedy television series that premiered on June 2, 2011 on Showcase, and ran for one season (eight episodes) before being discontinued by Showcase at the beginning of the 2011 fall season. The series is centered on the lives of two brothers, Pete and Terry, played by Ryan Belleville and Paul Campbell, running their late father's comic book store, \\\"The Silver Salmon\\\". The series was created by brothers Jason Belleville and Ryan Belleville. The series also stars well-known Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie. Canadian comedian Fraser Young is one of the writers and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15708867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow tie (biology)\",\n \"text\": \"optimally organize fluxes of mass, energy, signals in an overall structure that forcedly deals with a highly fluctuating and \\\"sloppy\\\" environment. In a biological perspective, a bow tie manages a large \\\"fan in\\\" of stimuli (input), it accounts for a \\\"compressed\\\" \\\"core\\\", and it expresses again a large \\\"fan out\\\" of possible phenotypes, metabolite products, or –more generally – reusable modules. Bow tie architectures have been observed in the structural organization at different scales of living and evolving organisms (e.g. bacterial metabolism network) as well as in technological and dynamical systems (e.g. the Internet). Bow ties seem to be able\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13311553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scott Brennan (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"gay. In 2006 he also appeared as Dylan in the gay-science-fiction-fan-club short comedy film \\\"Outland\\\". Brennan is also an active voice over artist, appearing in commercials for Hungry Jack's and Coles Supermarkets. From July 2009, he appeared in the Australian soap opera \\\"Neighbours\\\" as Josh Burns, a local newspaper paper editor. Scott Brennan (comedian) Scott Brennan is an Australian actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the Australian television program \\\"skitHOUSE\\\". He has previously performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and on Channel 31 shows such as RMITV's \\\"The Loft Live\\\" (as co-host and occasional\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5933987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rob Lloyd (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Lloyd teamed up with RiAus in association with BBC Worldwide Australia/New Zealand to host The Science of Doctor Who which toured nationally during April, May and June. Rob Lloyd (comedian) Robert \\\"Rob\\\" Lloyd (born 3 April 1978) is an Australian actor/comedian who was the host of the RMITV flagship program \\\"Live on Bowen\\\" for the first two seasons. He was the host, co-writer and producer of \\\"The Mutant Way\\\", which won several 2010 Antenna Awards. Rob also has a \\\"Doctor Who\\\" themed stage show called \\\"Who, Me\\\" that has had sell-out seasons at the 2011 Melbourne Fringe Festival, the 2011\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17476804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Feldman (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"David Feldman (comedian) David Feldman is an American comedy writer, standup comedian and podcaster/radio host. He writes for Comedy Central's \\\"The Burn\\\" and Joy Behar's Say Anything on Current TV. In 2009, Feldman launched the listener-supported \\\"David Feldman Show\\\" (formerly known as the \\\"David Feldman Comedy Podcast\\\"), which includes a diverse mixture of live and prerecorded content which can be downloaded from the iTunes Store for free. In November 2013, he released a special digital download compilation album called \\\"The Very Best of the David Feldman Show, Vol. 1\\\". He has also written on ABC's Roseanne, HBO's Dennis Miller Live,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17333801\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tie pin\",\n \"text\": \"wearing cravats with a consequently lower quality of materials and designs used in both the neckwear and in the stickpins used to keep it in place. By the 1870s, Americans had embraced stickpins and designs were mass-produced which included animal heads, horse shoes, knife and fork motifs, crossed pipes, wishbones, bugs, flowers, shields and a host of other figural motifs. By the 1890s, stickpins had crossed gender lines as women began wearing them with sporting outfits worn for bicycling, boating, horseback riding, tennis and golf. The Ascot, Four in Hand, Sailor scarf, cravat bow tie and wrapped scarf all became\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9073609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chandler Woodcock\",\n \"text\": \"Assistant Senate Republican Leader and on the Judiciary Committee. Woodcock made a bid for the Governorship of Maine in 2006 but was defeated by incumbent John Baldacci. Woodcock ran as a publicly financed Clean Elections candidate. In January, 2009, he became the executive director of the Maine Harness Horsemen's Association. He is also the co-host (with State Representative Tom Saviello of Wilton of a Public-access television talk show on Mount Blue Community Access TV called \\\"Talkin Maine With the Bow Tie Boys\\\"; both Woodcock and Saviello are known locally for wearing bow ties. Woodcock is married to his wife Charlotte\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7997255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\",\n \"text\": \"the lack of sexual inhibition when one is drunk. Everything (the girls, barfights, etc.) looks good to him. The music video was directed by Buddy Swell. It features actor and comedian Rob Schneider and zookeeper Jack Hanna. \\\"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\\\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 16, 2005. Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On \\\"Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On\\\" is a song written by Philip White and Michael Mobley, and recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was released in March 2005\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13249766\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"hinted strongly that the show would be a successor to \\\"Almost Live!\\\". Subsequently, \\\"The Seattle Times\\\" published a blog article about the sequel which included behind-the-scenes glimpses at one of the sketches being filmed for the new show. Additionally, the new show has a presence on social networking Web sites such as Facebook. The show premiered on Sunday, January 6, 2013 on KING-TV after \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\". The show would be revamped as Up Late NW (pronounced Up Late Northwest) in September 2015. Some of the recurring segments featured on \\\"Almost Live!\\\" included: Some sketches were borrowed for the Fox\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Is and What Should Never Be\",\n \"text\": \"descending riff [of \\\"What Is and What Should Never Be\\\"] is amazing: It's like a bow is being drawn back, and then it releases. The rhythm of the vocals is almost like a rap. It's insane — one of their most psychedelic songs.\\\" This was also one of the first songs recorded by the band for which Robert Plant received writing credit. According to rock journalist Stephen Davis, the author of the Led Zeppelin biography \\\"Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga\\\", the lyrics for this song reflect a romance Plant had with his wife's younger sister. \\\"What Is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5616996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (TV series) Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot was an American animated TV series based on the comic book of the same name by Frank Miller and Geof Darrow. The series ran for 26 episodes on Fox Kids and featured, amongst others, the voice of Pamela Adlon (credited as Pamela Segall) as the voice of Rusty, R. Lee Ermey and M. Emmet Walsh. A line of toys based on the show was produced by Bandai, along with ephemera surrounding a brief promotional tie-in with Burger King. On July 12, 2016 Amazon released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14314010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wearing My Rolex\",\n \"text\": \"for 22 weeks. The song is used as the theme tune for \\\"The Kevin Bishop Show\\\". Wearing My Rolex \\\"Wearing My Rolex\\\" is a 2008 single from British grime artist Wiley, who is a founding member of the Roll Deep crew. Described as \\\"grime-meets-electro\\\" on BBC Radio 1Xtra, the song samples DSK's song \\\"What Would We Do\\\" and its lyrics \\\"usually, bubble.\\\" and was released on 5 May 2008 by Asylum/Atlantic Records. The track was produced by Bow producer Bless Beats. \\\"Wearing My Rolex\\\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. An a cappella gangsta-rap version of \\\"Wearing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11875072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Feldman (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"has written jokes pro bono for candidates he supports. Feldman is a graduate of Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey. and Columbia University in New York City. David Feldman (comedian) David Feldman is an American comedy writer, standup comedian and podcaster/radio host. He writes for Comedy Central's \\\"The Burn\\\" and Joy Behar's Say Anything on Current TV. In 2009, Feldman launched the listener-supported \\\"David Feldman Show\\\" (formerly known as the \\\"David Feldman Comedy Podcast\\\"), which includes a diverse mixture of live and prerecorded content which can be downloaded from the iTunes Store for free. In November 2013, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17333804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bow Tie Cinemas\",\n \"text\": \"locations are now open in Norwalk, CT (Ultimate Royale 6 and Ultimate Regent 8); Trumbull, CT (Ultimate Marquis 16 & BTX); and Annapolis, MD (Ultimate Annapolis Mall 11 & BTX and Ultimate Harbour 9). Future Ultimate locations are planned for Stamford, CT and Reston, VA. Clearview Cinemas was a movie theater chain within the New York metropolitan area founded in 1994. From 1998 to 2013, Clearview was a subsidiary of Cablevision. In 2013, Bow Tie Cinemas acquired forty-one Clearview theatres. The forty-second location, the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, was retained by Cablevision, but Bow Tie continued to operate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18201948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wearing My Rolex\",\n \"text\": \"Wearing My Rolex \\\"Wearing My Rolex\\\" is a 2008 single from British grime artist Wiley, who is a founding member of the Roll Deep crew. Described as \\\"grime-meets-electro\\\" on BBC Radio 1Xtra, the song samples DSK's song \\\"What Would We Do\\\" and its lyrics \\\"usually, bubble.\\\" and was released on 5 May 2008 by Asylum/Atlantic Records. The track was produced by Bow producer Bless Beats. \\\"Wearing My Rolex\\\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. An a cappella gangsta-rap version of \\\"Wearing My Rolex\\\", performed by the main cast, featured in the original Royal Court Theatre production of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11875070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Comedian as the Letter C\",\n \"text\": \"that millions of people live\\\", though Milton Bates reasonably interprets it as a fable of his own career up to 1921. Interpreters diverge on whether to emphasize its comedic qualities, with Bates, or its serious intent, with Vendler; to regard the journey as quixotic or partially successful. If the poem placed first in \\\"Harmonium\\\", \\\"Earthy Anecdote\\\", signals Stevens's attempt to transcend \\\"locality\\\", \\\"Comedian\\\" is a statement about what Stevens has learned from the attempt at the completion of the collection. Can Crispin (the artist, the poet, Stevens) hope to be something more than \\\"the intelligence of his soil\\\"? Can the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9650306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kim Jun-ho (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"South Korea. His sister, Kim Mi-jin, is a TV show host He graduated from Chungnam High School and was majoring in acting at Dankook University before dropping. Kim is greatly influenced by the famous comedian, Charlie Chaplin. For this reason he chose his English name as \\\"Charlie Kim\\\". On March 2, 2006, Kim married musical actress Kim Eun-young. The couple lived separately since 2007 after Kim Eun-young moved to the Philippines alone to start a business. On January 22, 2018, the comedian announced his divorce with his wife after 12 years of marriage. Kim originally debuted under SBS's 4th class\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18907660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Britain's Got Talent (series 12)\",\n \"text\": \"he stepped down from his TV commitments in the aftermath of a traffic accident on 18 March 2018 that he was involved in. While McPartlin still appeared during audition episodes on both \\\"Britain's Got Talent\\\" and \\\"Britain's Got More Talent\\\", as these had already been filmed prior to the start of the series' broadcast, his colleague Declan Donnelly chose to present the live episodes in the wake of his decision. Outside of filming, Stephen Mulhern, host of \\\"Britain's Got More Talent\\\", was forced to miss four days of auditions due to illness, though this did not impact the sister show\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20668445\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"Keister became the permanent replacement after Shafer left the program. Keister hosted for one season (1988) in the one hour, 6 p.m. Sunday slot (and in the talk show format), but, following the lead of a \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" special that aired at 11:30 Saturday, the show moved into that slot. Until he became host, Keister was a regular supporting performer. Many of the initial award-winning elements of \\\"Almost Live!\\\" were his efforts, so the program quickly changed formats to feature more of his abilities, as well as other cast members, in video sketches. The guest interviews and live band segments\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brad Williams (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Brad Williams (comedian) Brad Williams (born January 13, 1984) is an American stand-up comedian and actor who has appeared in numerous films and television shows. He was born with achondroplasia. Williams was born with achondroplasia, a type of dwarfism. His condition plays a large part in the bits in both his stand-up comedy and television roles. He was a student at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California and after graduation, he attended the University of Southern California but dropped out to pursue his acting and comedy career. Williams got his start by attending a Carlos Mencia live comedy show.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10244701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brad Williams (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Brad Williams (comedian) Brad Williams (born January 13, 1984) is an American stand-up comedian and actor who has appeared in numerous films and television shows. He was born with achondroplasia. Williams was born with achondroplasia, a type of dwarfism. His condition plays a large part in the bits in both his stand-up comedy and television roles. He was a student at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California and after graduation, he attended the University of Southern California but dropped out to pursue his acting and comedy career. Williams got his start by attending a Carlos Mencia live comedy show.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10244697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guy Hutchinson (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Guy Hutchinson (comedian) Guy Anthony Hutchinson (born November 22, 1974) is an American author, broadcaster, theme park historian and comedian. Hutchinson (with Chris Mercaldo) wrote the book \\\"Sesame Place\\\" which was published by Arcadia Publishing. The book was made with the cooperation of Sesame Place and Sesame Workshop and tells the 35-year history of the Pennsylvania theme park in photos and text. Hutchinson had begun researching the history of Sesame Place by \\\"watching other people’s home movies on YouTube, sifting through Flickr photos, eBay auctions, and digging through old newspapers on Google,\\\" when he was contacted by Mercaldo about pitching\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19012019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Petite (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Petite (comedian) Vincent Aycocho, or better known as Petite is a Filipino actor, comedian, singer and TV show host, He is known for as a Filipino comedian in Comedy Bar, Paunch line and clowns, together with their other celebrities; Boobay, Iyah, Donita Nose, Ate Gay, Allan K. and Wally Bayola. Petite have a lot more project in GMA Network, hosting of CelebriTV paired by Joey de Leon's, Lolit's partner After in comedy bar Petite has a numerous shows in GMA Network; Petite signed a contract in GMA Network on 2014 as an actor and comedian, Petite guesting in CelebriTV, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7707998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Petite (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Yaya-in, Yaya Glo and Yaya Pak. After in Kalyeserye, Petite appearing extendend cast by his role in Vampire Ang Daddy Ko, with Iyah. Petite (comedian) Vincent Aycocho, or better known as Petite is a Filipino actor, comedian, singer and TV show host, He is known for as a Filipino comedian in Comedy Bar, Paunch line and clowns, together with their other celebrities; Boobay, Iyah, Donita Nose, Ate Gay, Allan K. and Wally Bayola. Petite have a lot more project in GMA Network, hosting of CelebriTV paired by Joey de Leon's, Lolit's partner After in comedy bar Petite has a numerous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7708000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don Jamieson (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Don Jamieson (comedian) Don Jamieson (born September 27, 1966) is a stand-up comedian, television host, and musician. He known for co-hosting \\\"That Metal Show\\\" on VH1 Classic and playing with acoustic death metal band Gunfire-N-Sodomy. Jamieson co-hosted the VH1 Classic series \\\"That Metal Show\\\" from 2008 to 2015. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" included \\\"That Metal Show\\\" on its list of the 50 Best Reasons To Watch TV. Jamieson’s stand-up comedy album \\\"Live & Hilarious\\\", released by Metal Blade Records, reached the Top 20 on iTunes and Top 10 on the Billboard comedy charts. He performed at the Metallica Orion Music + More\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14590765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scott Brennan (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Scott Brennan (comedian) Scott Brennan is an Australian actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the Australian television program \\\"skitHOUSE\\\". He has previously performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and on Channel 31 shows such as RMITV's \\\"The Loft Live\\\" (as co-host and occasional substitute host). In 2006, he joined the cast of the popular late night sketch comedy show \\\"Comedy Inc - The Late Shift\\\", airing in Australia on the Nine Network. He also appeared on Foxtel's comedy show \\\"Stand Up Australia\\\", where he performed a comedy routine on the fact that he is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5933986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guy Hutchinson (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"the station in 1997 and began working as a disc jockey at WMGQ where he worked for three years. Hutchinson attended Notre Dame High School in Lawrenceville NJ, graduating in 1993. Hutchinson currently resides in New Jersey. Guy Hutchinson (comedian) Guy Anthony Hutchinson (born November 22, 1974) is an American author, broadcaster, theme park historian and comedian. Hutchinson (with Chris Mercaldo) wrote the book \\\"Sesame Place\\\" which was published by Arcadia Publishing. The book was made with the cooperation of Sesame Place and Sesame Workshop and tells the 35-year history of the Pennsylvania theme park in photos and text. Hutchinson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19012021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Larry the Cable Guy\",\n \"text\": \"Radio. Larry the Cable Guy Daniel Lawrence Whitney (born February 17, 1963), known professionally by his stage name Larry the Cable Guy, is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, country music artist and former radio personality. He was one of the members of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy troupe which included Bill Engvall, Ron White, and Jeff Foxworthy (with whom he has starred on \\\"Blue Collar TV\\\"). Larry the Cable Guy has released seven comedy albums, of which three have been certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies and in addition has starred in three\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4137058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Larry the Cable Guy\",\n \"text\": \"Larry the Cable Guy Daniel Lawrence Whitney (born February 17, 1963), known professionally by his stage name Larry the Cable Guy, is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, country music artist and former radio personality. He was one of the members of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy troupe which included Bill Engvall, Ron White, and Jeff Foxworthy (with whom he has starred on \\\"Blue Collar TV\\\"). Larry the Cable Guy has released seven comedy albums, of which three have been certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies and in addition has starred in three Blue\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4137047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joe DeRosa (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Me Down.\\\" Joe DeRosa (comedian) Joe Derosa (born August 6, 1977) is an American stand-up comedian, author, musician, actor, producer, director, editor, television writer, and podcast host. DeRosa got his start in comedy performing as part of a comedic musical duo called Deep at the New Road Brewhouse in his hometown of Collegeville, Pennsylvania. After a short time, Deep split up and DeRosa began performing stand-up comedy regularly at the Laff House in Philadelphia. DeRosa moved to New York City, where he became a regular performer in many of the city's comedy clubs. Beginning in 2006, DeRosa began co-hosting the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16973148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joe DeRosa (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Joe DeRosa (comedian) Joe Derosa (born August 6, 1977) is an American stand-up comedian, author, musician, actor, producer, director, editor, television writer, and podcast host. DeRosa got his start in comedy performing as part of a comedic musical duo called Deep at the New Road Brewhouse in his hometown of Collegeville, Pennsylvania. After a short time, Deep split up and DeRosa began performing stand-up comedy regularly at the Laff House in Philadelphia. DeRosa moved to New York City, where he became a regular performer in many of the city's comedy clubs. Beginning in 2006, DeRosa began co-hosting the \\\"Uninformed\\\" radio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16973133\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lee Ridley (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"his best friend from school, who refreshingly treats him as an equal but is not the influence Matt's concerned parents are looking for. In June 2018, Ridley won the 12th series of \\\"Britain's Got Talent\\\" after successfully making it through the audition stages, and winning the show by the public vote. Lee Ridley (comedian) Lee Ridley (born 31 December 1980) is an English stand-up comedian. Disabled since early life, and unable to speak, he is the first standup comedian in Britain to use a communication aid in his routines, performing them under the stage name of Lost Voice Guy. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18883902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (franchise)\",\n \"text\": \"Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show\\\", in which voice actors Alex Borstein and MacFarlane performed songs from the show, as well as a parody of Lady Gaga's song \\\"Poker Face\\\" in the voice of Marlee Matlin, who appeared on stage as a guest during the performance. Some new animated gags also appeared in the show. On July 22, 2007, in an interview with \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\", MacFarlane announced that he may start working on a feature film, although \\\"nothing's official.\\\" In \\\"TV Week\\\" on July 18, 2008, MacFarlane confirmed plans to produce a theatrically released \\\"Family Guy\\\" feature film sometime \\\"within\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19500757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Guy!\",\n \"text\": \"to end it in 1996. \\\"What a Guy!\\\" was created when Bill and Bunny were visiting with Bunny's daughter and her family. Bunny's grandson was an early \\\"latchkey\\\" child. Bill and Bunny were amazed at his very \\\"grown-up\\\" comments and used him as the prototype for Guy Wellington Frothmore, who became the focus of a comic strip. \\\"What a Guy!\\\" cartoons featured a young boy who \\\"questions life's complexities\\\" and repeats adult concepts overheard from his yuppie parents. The strip was launched into print syndication across the United States and Canada by King Features on March 29, 1987. The strip,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14363761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Davis (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Davis (comedian) Thomas James \\\"Tom\\\" Davis (August 13, 1952 – July 19, 2012) was an American writer, comedian, and author. He is best known for his comedy partnership with Al Franken, as half of the comedy duo \\\"Franken & Davis\\\" on the \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" television show on NBC. Davis was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended The Blake School in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he began his friendship and professional partnership with Al Franken. In 1975, Davis got his big break as one of the original writers for \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", where he and Franken also performed together.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5491540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Moon (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Bennett's Film \\\"The Nugget\\\". Since then Moon has been developing film and television projects and making occasional appearances in shows such as \\\"20 to 1\\\" and \\\"Let Loose Live\\\". He recently wrote, produced and appeared in The Comedy Channel's sitcom \\\"Whatever Happened To That Guy?\\\", which is loosely based on his post-fame life. He is also the Treasurer of the Australian Writers Guild. He has three children. In 2010, Moon joined the cast of \\\"Neighbours\\\" on a recurring basis as theatre producer Terry Kearney. Peter Moon (comedian) Peter Moon (born 18 January 1953) is an Australian comedian, best known for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9845272\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mike Walsh (TV host)\",\n \"text\": \"actors, theatre restoration and production. Mike Walsh (TV host) Michael Hayden Walsh (born 5 March 1938 in Corowa, New South Wales), is a retired Australian radio and television presenter and media personality and theatre owner. His later career included theatre production in London and Australia. Walsh completed his education at Xavier College in Melbourne, before studying Pharmacy and Arts at Melbourne University where he was heavily involved in student theatre revues. Prior to starring on television Walsh was a disc jockey, a \\\"Good Guy\\\" on radio station 2SM. He was the host of \\\"The Mike Walsh Show\\\" from 1973 until\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7641152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mike Walsh (TV host)\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Walsh (TV host) Michael Hayden Walsh (born 5 March 1938 in Corowa, New South Wales), is a retired Australian radio and television presenter and media personality and theatre owner. His later career included theatre production in London and Australia. Walsh completed his education at Xavier College in Melbourne, before studying Pharmacy and Arts at Melbourne University where he was heavily involved in student theatre revues. Prior to starring on television Walsh was a disc jockey, a \\\"Good Guy\\\" on radio station 2SM. He was the host of \\\"The Mike Walsh Show\\\" from 1973 until 1985. The enormously popular program\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7641148\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The One That Got Away (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"women — Alex, Zoe and Darcy, who formed an unlikely friendship after discovering that in different times in their lives, they were romantically linked with the same guy, Liam. According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement People in television homes, the pilot episode of \\\"The One That Got Away\\\" earned a 7.7% rating. The series got its highest rating on May 9, 2018 with an 10.2% rating. The One That Got Away (TV series) The One That Got Away is a 2018 Philippine television drama romance comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark Sicat Dela\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20394109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Balot (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"imposed in 1972, stopping almost all TV broadcasts in the country. After the show ended, the stocky actor continued appearing on movies or as guest on several TV shows usually appearing in supporting roles as the father figure, househelp, the neighbor, or an avid cockfighter with a kerchief wrapped around his signature crew cut. Balot was married to comedian Matimtiman Cruz. He died in 1996 due to complications from diabetes; he was 70 years old. An incomplete list of movies made by Balot: Balot (comedian) Jaime Llave (March 22, 1926 – November 27, 1996) better known by his screen name\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16142910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Josh Gardner (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Faxon is Gardner's cousin. Track listing Josh Gardner (comedian) Josh Gardner (born 1971 in New York City) an American comedian and writer, Gardner is best known for his role as Saul Malone, a \\\"Gee-al-agist\\\", on Adult Swim's cult-classic \\\"Saul of the Mole Men\\\". Gardner first appeared on TV under the name Gerhard Reinke, the German host of the Comedy Central travel show, Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust, in 2003 (his real name was not listed in the credits as an actor, only as an Originator and Producer). Gardner also wrote for Comedy Central's The Man Show, and the Fox series \\\"A Minute\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8458702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie\",\n \"text\": \"the 85 knots to 13 aesthetic ones. The basic idea is that tie knots can be described as a sequence of five different possible moves, although not all moves can follow each other. These are summarized as follows. All diagrams are as the tie would appear were you wearing it and looking in a mirror. With this shorthand, traditional and new knots can be compactly expressed, as below. Note that any knot that begins with an o move must start with the tie turned inside out around the neck. Of the 85 knots possible with a typical necktie, Fink and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8744386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Keister (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"joined the cast of KING's local comedy program Almost Live! with his best friend Pat Cashman. Following the departure of original host Ross Shafer, Keister became the show's host and its format was reworked to emphasize the opening monologue, sketches, and parody news segments. He won a total of twelve local Emmy Awards for his work on the show. \\\"Almost Live!\\\" was canceled by KING in 1999. In 2000, Keister created a new sketch comedy show for competing station KIRO-TV, titled \\\"The John Report with Bob\\\". Its format was similar to the news report segment he had done on \\\"Almost\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8728483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bob Levy (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Levy (comedian) \\\"The Reverend\\\" Bob Levy (born August 12, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, radio personality, and, for a brief period, a professional wrestler who is best known as being a regular personality on \\\"The Howard Stern Show\\\" as well as being the co-host of the \\\"Miserable Men\\\" show on Howard 101. He has often been the host of comedy roasts, was a frequent guest on the \\\"Opie and Anthony Show\\\" and was a stand-up comedy performer on the Killers of Comedy tour. Before his career as a comedian, Levy worked as a landscaper, a painter and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6162334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"on September 12, 2005, featuring the cast of the final ten years. KING-TV also aired \\\"\\\"Almost Live! Back At Ya\\\"\\\", a series of \\\"best of\\\" shows, on Sundays starting September 10, 2006 at 9 p.m. The \\\"best of\\\" shows currently air Saturday nights at 2 a.m. on KING-TV's sister station, KONG-TV. Reruns of normal shows are broadcast on KING-TV in Seattle at 1:35 a.m., following \\\"Up Late NW\\\". In July 2012, clips surfaced on YouTube that appeared to promote a sketch comedy show called The (206), referring to Seattle's area code. These clips featured John Keister and Pat Cashman and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902194\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Josh Gardner (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Josh Gardner (comedian) Josh Gardner (born 1971 in New York City) an American comedian and writer, Gardner is best known for his role as Saul Malone, a \\\"Gee-al-agist\\\", on Adult Swim's cult-classic \\\"Saul of the Mole Men\\\". Gardner first appeared on TV under the name Gerhard Reinke, the German host of the Comedy Central travel show, Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust, in 2003 (his real name was not listed in the credits as an actor, only as an Originator and Producer). Gardner also wrote for Comedy Central's The Man Show, and the Fox series \\\"A Minute With Stan Hooper\\\". Aside from comedy,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8458700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Diddley bow\",\n \"text\": \"by plucking while varying the pitch with a metal or glass slide held in the other hand. A glass bottle is usually used as the bridge, which helps amplify the sound. The diddley bow was traditionally considered an \\\"entry-level\\\" instrument, normally played by adolescent boys, who then graduate to a \\\"normal\\\" guitar if they show promise on the diddley bow. However currently, the diddley bow is also played by professional players as a solo as well as an accompaniment instrument. The diddley bow is significant to blues music in that many blues guitarists got their start playing it as children,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6599789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James McCourt (TV host)\",\n \"text\": \"the new E! entertainment series \\\"Sexiest...\\\", was the live voice of '1 vs. 100' via Xbox Live Primetime in the UK and Ireland during Season 1. In his early career James worked for BBC Radio Sheffield and was lead singer of his own pop band - he still occasionally writes songs for musical theatre shows. His younger brother is the television and radio presenter Richard McCourt, of Dick and Dom fame. James McCourt (TV host) James McCourt is a British television presenter/host, celebrity interviewer, correspondent, certified life coach and royal expert. James is a host, celebrity interviewer, correspondent, a certified\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5770174\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guy A. Lepage\",\n \"text\": \"Guy A. Lepage Guy A. Lepage (; born Guy Antoine Lepage, August 30, 1960) is a Canadian (Québécois) comedian, actor, talk-show host, and producer. Lepage was one of the five founding members of the Quebec comedy group \\\"Rock et Belles Oreilles\\\" (which also included Yves Pelletier, Bruno Landry and André Ducharme), and remained with the group from 1981 to 1995. Lepage became a popular media mogul and TV series director in Quebec in the early 2000s. He created and starred alongside Sylvie Léonard in the popular sitcom \\\"Un gars, une fille\\\" (\\\"A guy, a girl\\\"). He then followed up with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4394318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chris Baker (talk radio host)\",\n \"text\": \"young sons. Chris Baker (talk radio host) Chris Baker is an American comedian and radio talk show host. As a comedian, Baker has toured with comics like Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy, Jerry Seinfeld, among others. His first talk show on WIOD-AM in Miami, Florida lead to positions with stations in Omaha and Kansas City (KCMO-AM), he was host of \\\"The Chris Baker Show\\\", a radio talk show based in Houston, Texas, followed by a stint in Minneapolis, Minnesota on 100.3 KTLK-FM. He returned to Houston in mid-February 2011, where he has a weekday afternoon radio show on 740\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11950933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chris Baker (talk radio host)\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Baker (talk radio host) Chris Baker is an American comedian and radio talk show host. As a comedian, Baker has toured with comics like Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy, Jerry Seinfeld, among others. His first talk show on WIOD-AM in Miami, Florida lead to positions with stations in Omaha and Kansas City (KCMO-AM), he was host of \\\"The Chris Baker Show\\\", a radio talk show based in Houston, Texas, followed by a stint in Minneapolis, Minnesota on 100.3 KTLK-FM. He returned to Houston in mid-February 2011, where he has a weekday afternoon radio show on 740 AM, co-hosting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11950931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Got What It Takes?\",\n \"text\": \"people. The winner of Got What It Takes 2018, Rio, performed at Radio 1's Big Weekend also. The winner of Got What It Takes 2018, Lauren, performed at Radio 1's Big Weekend also. Eight amateur youth singers take part in the singing talent competition. Three contestants are chosen to compete in \\\"the Sing-Off\\\" whilst the mums vote for who they want to win. The show is based on a Romanian TV programme called \\\"Mom Made Me a Star\\\". Audition applications for the first series were released in early 2015 under the working title \\\"Untitled CBBC talent show\\\". The second series\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19289543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Facundo (TV host)\",\n \"text\": \"Facundo (TV host) Facundo Gómez Bruera (born April 29, 1978), best known as by his stage name Facundo, is a Mexican TV host among Mexican teenagers. Facundo started his career at the Mexican TV network TeleHit together with his good friend Diego, hosting a show called Depasónico, where, besides presenting videos, the two conducted interviews and visited nightclubs. In April 2002 Gómez launched a new show called Toma Libre, where Changoleon becomes famous. Facundo also took part in Mexico's Big Brother VIP where he finished in second place. His fans called him \\\"the uncrowned king\\\". In 2004 he hosted a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12308698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jason Byrne (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Byrne (comedian) Jason Byrne (born 25 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and radio host. He is well known for improvisation and his typically unscripted live shows, which often involve audience participation. In August 2008, he made his twelfth Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Byrne previously presented a mid-morning radio show on Phantom FM as well as a comedy chat show \\\"The Jason Byrne Show\\\" featuring P. J. Gallagher, and a comedy panel show called \\\"The Byrne Ultimatum\\\" on RTÉ Two. He created and starred in a radio show also called \\\"The Jason Byrne Show\\\" from 2010 to 2012 on BBC\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9369611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Facundo (TV host)\",\n \"text\": \"new show Incógnito which had a similar format to that of Toma Libre. It was transmitted by Televisa's Canal 5. Facundo (TV host) Facundo Gómez Bruera (born April 29, 1978), best known as by his stage name Facundo, is a Mexican TV host among Mexican teenagers. Facundo started his career at the Mexican TV network TeleHit together with his good friend Diego, hosting a show called Depasónico, where, besides presenting videos, the two conducted interviews and visited nightclubs. In April 2002 Gómez launched a new show called Toma Libre, where Changoleon becomes famous. Facundo also took part in Mexico's Big\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12308699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Austin Knight (comedian)\",\n \"text\": \"Austin Knight (comedian) Austin Knight (born July 5, 1959) is a comedian and actor from Manchester. Austin was born in Gorton, Manchester. Gorton is known today for being the filming location of the Channel 4 comedy-drama Shameless. He got his first break in the 1970s at the \\\"Search for a Star\\\" competition at Blighty's, a cabaret club in Farnworth. Austin Knight began his comedy career in the early 70s as a club circuit impressionist; in the early 80s he became a traditional standup comedian. He has written comedy scripts for TV and radio, writing material for Tommy Cooper, Les Dawson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13868956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Guy!\",\n \"text\": \"up to two years' material in various stages of completion in his files.\\\" Reiner, who had already taken over drawing duties, would continue to draw \\\"What A Guy!\\\" and the five other Hoest comics then in production. (The other five were the syndicated \\\"The Lockhorns\\\" and \\\"Agatha Crumm\\\"; \\\"Laugh Parade\\\" and \\\"Howard Huge\\\" for \\\"Parade\\\" magazine; plus \\\"Bumper Snickers\\\" for \\\"The National Enquirer\\\".) This arrangement lasted until the strip ended in 1996. \\\"What a Guy!\\\" was one of the comics featured on Morning Funnies cereal boxes in 1988 and 1989, and the strips were collected in \\\"What a Guy! What's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14363763\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almost Live!\",\n \"text\": \"enough profit for Dallas-based Belo Corporation, which acquired the station's owner King Broadcasting Company two years earlier. As of June 2015, KING-TV (now owned by Tegna) has aired reruns of the show in the time slot following \\\"Up Late nw\\\". In fall 2000, Keister created a new sketch comedy show for competing station KIRO-TV, titled \\\"The John Report with Bob\\\", essentially a carry-over of the news report segment he had done on \\\"Almost Live!\\\" with Bob Nelson in tow. The new show was canceled after two seasons, again because it was not making a profit. KING aired a reunion show\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4902193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jacob Haugaard\",\n \"text\": \"own TV-station from a disused watertower in his backyard, until he got elected in 1994. Haugaard is also a well-known single performer, mixing comedy, singing and music, playing his home made guitar and wearing gaudy suits. He has recorded many music records and CDs since 1977. Jacob Haugaard Daniel Jacob Haugaard (born 12 May 1952) is a Danish-Faroese comedian, actor, musician, composer, writer, TV host and politician. Jacob Haugaard was a frontman of the SABAE association for many years. SABAE is an abrieviation of \\\"Sammenslutningen Af Bevidst Arbejdssky Elementer\\\", translating as \\\"Union of Deliberate Work-avoiding Elements\\\" and included several academics\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13236975\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bill nye","the science guy","nye labs","bill nye (science guy)","bill ny","william sanford %22bill%22 nye","bill nye","nye, bill","will ny","william sanford nye","bill nigh","william s. nye","billy nye","bill nuy","bill bill bill bill"],"string":"[\n \"bill nye\",\n \"the science guy\",\n \"nye labs\",\n \"bill nye (science guy)\",\n \"bill ny\",\n \"william sanford %22bill%22 nye\",\n \"bill nye\",\n \"nye, bill\",\n \"will ny\",\n \"william sanford nye\",\n \"bill nigh\",\n \"william s. nye\",\n \"billy nye\",\n \"bill nuy\",\n \"bill bill bill bill\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78591,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the van that scooby doo and friends travelled around in called?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes","text":"as \"groovy Scooby-Doo extra footage!\" However, they were not released on the DVD version. Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes, also known as Those Meddling Kids, is a series of shorts that was shown on Cartoon Network in 1998 about Scooby-Doo. Each short gives behind the scenes information on how Mystery Inc. formed, and backgrounds for each member of the gang. There are eight shorts in total, each approximately one minute in length. Daphne's father donated money to the gang, and drove them around to help them start out. Shaggy Rogers found a van, they bought it, and","psg_id":"17325079"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"groovy Scooby-Doo extra footage!\\\" However, they were not released on the DVD version. Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes, also known as Those Meddling Kids, is a series of shorts that was shown on Cartoon Network in 1998 about Scooby-Doo. Each short gives behind the scenes information on how Mystery Inc. formed, and backgrounds for each member of the gang. There are eight shorts in total, each approximately one minute in length. Daphne's father donated money to the gang, and drove them around to help them start out. Shaggy Rogers found a van, they bought it, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17325079\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["pterodactyl ghost","scooby-doo","my friend scooby doo!","scooby-doo!","charley the robot","black knight ghost","i would have gotten away with it if it wasn't for you meddling kids","adult themes in scooby-doo","the mystery machine","scoobydoo","scooby-doo 3: unleashed","scooby do","momsy and dada doo","scooby gang","the mystery machine","elias kingston","scooby - doo","list of scooby doo villains","meddling kids","scooby doo marketing","scoobydo","scooby feces","scooby-doo (tv series)","scooby doo","the black knight ghost","scooby do","list of scooby-doo episodes","ruby doo","mystery inc.","scoobie doo","mystery machine","adult themes and the scooby gang","skooby doo","scooby-doo","scooby-doo (comics)","scooby doo","scooby-doo series guide","i would have gotten away with it if it weren't for you meddling kids","zentuo","scooby doo! dvd movies","scooby-doo (tv series)"],"string":"[\n \"pterodactyl ghost\",\n \"scooby-doo\",\n \"my friend scooby doo!\",\n \"scooby-doo!\",\n \"charley the robot\",\n \"black knight ghost\",\n \"i would have gotten away with it if it wasn't for you meddling kids\",\n \"adult themes in scooby-doo\",\n \"the mystery machine\",\n \"scoobydoo\",\n \"scooby-doo 3: unleashed\",\n \"scooby do\",\n \"momsy and dada doo\",\n \"scooby gang\",\n \"the mystery machine\",\n \"elias kingston\",\n \"scooby - doo\",\n \"list of scooby doo villains\",\n \"meddling kids\",\n \"scooby doo marketing\",\n \"scoobydo\",\n \"scooby feces\",\n \"scooby-doo (tv series)\",\n \"scooby doo\",\n \"the black knight ghost\",\n \"scooby do\",\n \"list of scooby-doo episodes\",\n \"ruby doo\",\n \"mystery inc.\",\n \"scoobie doo\",\n \"mystery machine\",\n \"adult themes and the scooby gang\",\n \"skooby doo\",\n \"scooby-doo\",\n \"scooby-doo (comics)\",\n \"scooby doo\",\n \"scooby-doo series guide\",\n \"i would have gotten away with it if it weren't for you meddling kids\",\n \"zentuo\",\n \"scooby doo! dvd movies\",\n \"scooby-doo (tv series)\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78592,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"nov 30, 1835 saw the birth of what famed american humorist and novelist, known for works such as the prince and the pauper and a connecticut yankee in king arthur's court, along with some other famous works?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"series.) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is an 1889 novel by American humorist and writer Mark Twain. The book was originally titled A Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Some early editions are titled A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur. In the book, a Yankee engineer from Connecticut named Hank Morgan receives a severe blow to the head and is somehow transported in time and space to England during the reign of King Arthur. After some initial confusion and his capture by one of Arthur's knights, Hank realizes that he","psg_id":"2436518"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"series.) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is an 1889 novel by American humorist and writer Mark Twain. The book was originally titled A Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Some early editions are titled A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur. In the book, a Yankee engineer from Connecticut named Hank Morgan receives a severe blow to the head and is somehow transported in time and space to England during the reign of King Arthur. After some initial confusion and his capture by one of Arthur's knights, Hank realizes that he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436518\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"the idea behind \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\" in December 1884 and worked on it between 1885 and 1889. The principal part of the writing was done at Twain's summer home at Elmira, New York and was completed at Hartford, Connecticut. It was first published in England by Chatto & Windus under the title \"A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur\" in December 1889. Writer and critic William Dean Howells called it Twain's best work and \"an object-lesson in democracy\". The work was met with some indignation in Great Britain as it was perceived as \"a direct","psg_id":"2436505"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"has also inspired many variations and parodies, such as the 1979 Bugs Bunny special \"A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthur's Court\". \"A Knight for a Day\" is a 1946 Disney short film starring Goofy loosely is loosely inspired by the novel \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\". In 1995, Walt Disney Studios adapted the book into the feature film \"A Kid in King Arthur's Court\". \"Army of Darkness\" drew many inspirations from the novel. A 1992 cartoon series, \"King Arthur & the Knights of Justice\", could also be seen as deriving inspiration from the novel. In 1998 Disney made","psg_id":"2436514"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album)","text":"Radio City Music Hall, New York. Decca included all the Crosby songs on Decca DL 4261 in 1962 for the LP set Bing’s Hollywood. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby and other stars of the Paramount movie \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\" featuring songs from the film. All of the songs were written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke. Billboard liked it saying: The album reached the No. 5 position in Billboard's album charts. These newly issued songs","psg_id":"19001486"},{"title":"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper","text":"with Miles barbecuing in a garden and everyone looks happy as Milles plays football with Tom, and his lookalike that he's known for much less time but who is really his son, Eddie, proud that the boys are following in his footsteps as actors and knows that they will not make the mistakes that he did after everything that they learned in their fun adventure: A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper. A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper, also known as The Prince and the Pauper:","psg_id":"9457663"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"comics form by Arnold L. Hicks in \"Classics Illustrated\" (\"\"Classic Comics\"\") #29, published by Gilberton. In 1962, Dell Comics published \"Walt Disney's the Prince and the Pauper\", illustrated by Dan Spiegle, based on the three-part television adaptation produced by \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\". In 1990, Disney Comics published \"Disney's The Prince and the Pauper\", by Scott Saavedra and Sergio Asteriti, based on the animated featurette starring Mickey Mouse. The novel has also been the basis of several films. In some versions, Prince Edward carries identification when he assumes Tom's role. While animations such as the Mickey Mouse version","psg_id":"1631972"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album)","text":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby and other stars of the Paramount movie \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\" featuring songs from the film. All of the songs were written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke. Billboard liked it saying: The album reached the No. 5 position in Billboard's album charts. These newly issued songs were featured in a 3-disc, 78 rpm album set, Decca Album A-699. <nowiki>*</nowiki>This song was cut from the film after its world premiere at","psg_id":"19001485"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"In 1978 an episode of Once Upon a Classic, \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\", was an adaptation, as was the Disney movie \"Unidentified Flying Oddball\", also known as \"A Spaceman in King Arthur's Court\". The TV series \"The Transformers\" had a second-season episode, \"A Decepticon Raider in King Arthur's Court\", that had a group of Autobots and Decepticons sent back to medieval times. In 1988, the Soviet variation called \"New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court\" appeared. More recently it was adapted into a 1989 TV movie by Paul Zindel which starred Keshia Knight Pulliam. It","psg_id":"2436513"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Meanwhile, news reaches them that King Henry VIII has died and Edward is now the King. Tom, dressed as Edward, tries to cope with court customs and manners. His fellow nobles and palace staff think the prince has an illness, which has caused memory loss and fear he will go mad. They repeatedly ask him about the missing Great Seal of England, but he knows nothing about it. However, when Tom is asked to sit in on judgments, his common-sense observations reassure them his mind is sound. As Edward experiences the brutal life of a London pauper firsthand, he becomes","psg_id":"1631964"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper (1977 film)","text":"other that they were not good at each other's position. Archbishop Cranmer and other witnesses are stunned until Edward presents the Prince's Seal and takes his position as the rightful King. After the ceremony, Edward makes Tom Head Governor and his mother sets up shelters for the homeless. Miles is restored to his honour as a Knight and marries Edith. George MacDonald Fraser was hired to rewrite the script. Shooting took place in France. The Prince and the Pauper (1977 film) The Prince and the Pauper (US title: Crossed Swords) is a 1977 action adventure film directed by Richard Fleischer,","psg_id":"10213054"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"set in Victorian England before Twain decided to set it further back in time. He wrote \"The Prince and the Pauper\" having already started \"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\". The \"whipping-boy story,\" originally meant as a chapter to be part of \"The Prince and the Pauper\" was published in the Hartford \"Bazar Budget\" of July 4, 1880, before Twain deleted it from the novel at the suggestion of William Dean Howells. Ultimately, \"The Prince and the Pauper\" was published by subscription by James R. Osgoode of Boston, with illustrations by F.T. Merrill. The book bears a dedication to Twain's daughters, Susie","psg_id":"1631969"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"BBC TV comedy series \"Blackadder the Third\" has an episode, \"Duel and Duality,\" where the Prince Regent believes that the Duke of Wellington is after him. The prince swaps clothes with Blackadder (who is his butler) and says, \"This reminds of that story 'The Prince and the Porpoise'.\" Blackadder corrects him: \"Pauper. The Prince and the Pauper.\" Since \"Blackadder the Third\" is set during the early 1800s, this is an anachronism. In 1996, PBS aired a \"Wishbone\" adaptation titled \"The Pooch and the Pauper\" with Wishbone playing both Tom Canty and Edward VI. The BBC produced a six-part dramatization of","psg_id":"1631980"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949 film)","text":"her fiancé Sir Lancelot takes exception, and when he meddles in the politics of the kingdom, trouble ensues. Filmed from October to December 1947, \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\" was released on April 22, 1949 and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The film was a popular success and became one of the highlight films of 1949. Hank Martin (Bing Crosby), an American mechanic, is knocked out and wakes up in the land of King Arthur. Here he finds romance with Alisande la Carteloise (Rhonda Fleming) and friendship with Sir Sagramore (William Bendix). Unfortunately, the heroic Hank also incurs the","psg_id":"11377702"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"of medieval slavery. It is possible to see the book as an important transitional work for Twain, in that earlier, sunnier passages recall the frontier humor of his tall tales such as \"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County\", while the corrosive view of human behavior in the apocalyptic latter chapters is more akin to darker, later Twain works such as \"The Mysterious Stranger\" and \"Letters from the Earth\". George Hardy notes, \"The final scenes of 'Connecticut Yankee' depict a mass horse attempting to storm a position defended by wire and machine guns—and getting massacred, none reaching their objective. Deduct","psg_id":"2436508"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"another adaption with Whoopi Goldberg in \"A Knight in Camelot\". The 2001 film \"Black Knight\" similarly transports a modern-day American to Medieval England while adding racial element to the time-traveler plotline. In the Carl Sagan novel \"Contact\", the protagonist, Eleanor Arroway, is reading \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\", specifically the scene where Hank first approaches Camelot, when she finds out about her father's death. The quotation Bridgeport?' Said I. 'Camelot,' Said he\" is also used later in the book, and the story is used as a metaphor for contact between civilizations at very different levels of technological and","psg_id":"2436515"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"and Clara Clemens and is subtitled \"A Tale For Young People of All Ages\". \"The Prince and the Pauper\" was adapted for the stage during Twain's lifetime, an adaptation which involved Twain in litigation with the playwright. In November 1920, a stage adaption by Amélie Rives opened on Broadway under the direction of William Faversham, with Faversham as Miles Hendon and Ruth Findlay playing both Tom Canty and Prince Edward. An Off-Broadway musical with music by Neil Berg opened at Lamb's Theatre on June 16, 2002. The original cast included Dennis Michael Hall as Prince Edward, Gerard Canonico as Tom","psg_id":"1631970"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Indian television in 1954, is a Telugu-version adaptation of the novel starring N. T. Rama Rao and directed by B. A. Subba Rao. In 1957, CBS' \"DuPont Show of the Month\" offered an adaptation of \"The Prince and the Pauper\", with Johnny Washbrook of \"My Friend Flicka\" as Tom Canty and Rex Thompson as Prince Edward. A 1962 three-part \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" television adaptation featured Guy Williams as Miles Hendon. Both Prince Edward and Tom Canty were played by Sean Scully, using the split-screen technique which the Disney studios had used in \"The Parent Trap\" (1961) with","psg_id":"1631978"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"1977 film version of the story, starring Oliver Reed as Miles Hendon, co-starring Rex Harrison (as the Duke of Norfolk), Mark Lester and Raquel Welch and directed by Richard Fleischer, was released in the UK as \"The Prince and the Pauper\" and in the US as \"Crossed Swords.\" Walt Disney Feature Animation made a 1990 animated 24-minute short film, inspired by the novel and starring Mickey Mouse. In this version, Mickey trades places with himself and is supported by other Disney characters. \"It Takes Two\", starring twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, is a loose translation of this story in which","psg_id":"1631975"},{"title":"The Cat and the King","text":"The Cat and the King The Cat and the King (1981) is a work of historical fiction about the court of French King Louis XIV (1638–1715) by novelist Louis Auchincloss. The novel's narrator—Louis de Rouvroy, the second Duc de Saint-Simon—was a real-life French noble who observed life at the court and recorded in his memoirs all that he saw and felt about the reign of the Sun King. Saint-Simon (1675–1755) is mentioned in many of Auchincloss’ works and in \"The Cat and the King\" he fantasizes that the Duc kept on writing after his real-life memoirs were published. Mixing fact","psg_id":"10908525"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"the story in 1996, adapted by Julian Fellowes, starring James Purefoy, with Keith Michell reprising his role of Henry VIII. A 2011 episode of \"Phineas and Ferb\" (\"Make Play\", season 2, episode 64) follows a similar storyline, with Candace switching places with Princess Baldegunde of Duselstein and discovering that royal life is dull. Starting with the episode \"The Shepherd\" (premiered on December 4, 2011) , the Abc's \"Once Upon a Time (TV series)\" introduced a version of the story where the shepherd named Prince Charming is the Pauper and Prince James is the Prince. The 2017 Japanese anime series \"Princess","psg_id":"1631981"},{"title":"The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard","text":"and Minor Keys Except for the Really Hard Ones, S. easy as 3.14159265 (P.D.Q. Bach) 14. Introduction (3:16)<br> \"Little Pickle Book\" for theater organ and dill piccolos, S. 6 (P.D.Q. Bach) 19. Introduction (1:16)<br> \"Sonata Da Circo (Circus Sonata)\" for steam calliope, S. 3 ring (P.D.Q. Bach) 25. Introduction (1:07)<br> \"Three Chorale-Based Piecelets\" for Organ, S. III (P.D.Q. Bach) 29. Epilogue (1:24) The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard was released in 1995 by Telarc Records. The album contains works by Peter Schickele, sometimes under his pseudonym of P.","psg_id":"10086758"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper (1937 film)","text":"Angel\" and \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\". They announced \"The Prince and the Pauper\" as part of their line up in June 1936. (They bought the rights to the story from Twain's estate for $75,000.) Patrick Knowles was cast for the role of Miles in October. However Jack L. Warner then decided he wanted someone with a bigger name and asked Errol Flynn to do it. According to Warner Bros records, the film earned $1,026,000 domestically and $665,000 foreign making it the studio's most popular film of the year. Frank S. Nugent of \"The New York Times\" wrote, \"Bobby","psg_id":"11264795"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"the Pauper\" is both a critique of social inequality and a criticism of judging others by their appearance. Twain wrote of the book, \"My idea is to afford a realizing sense of the exceeding severity of the laws of that day by inflicting some of their penalties upon the King himself and allowing him a chance to see the rest of them applied to others...\" Having returned from a second European tour — which formed the basis of \"A Tramp Abroad\" (1880) — Twain read extensively about English and French history. Initially intended as a play, the book was originally","psg_id":"1631968"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"two girls (one wealthy and the other an orphan, who resemble each other) switch places in order to experience each other's lives. The 1996 Bollywood film \"Tere Mere Sapne\" is loosely based upon this story, in which two boys born on exactly the same date switch places to experience the other's life, whilst learning valuable lessons along the way. A 2000 film directed by Giles Foster starred Aidan Quinn (as Miles Hendon), Alan Bates, Jonathan Hyde, and identical twins Jonathan and Robert Timmins. In 2004, it was adapted into an 85-minute CGI-animated musical, \"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper\",","psg_id":"1631976"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper (1937 film)","text":"each other. As a prank, they exchange clothes, but the Captain of the Guard (Alan Hale, Sr.) mistakes the prince for the pauper and throws him out of the palace grounds. Tom is unable to convince anybody except for the Earl of Hertford (Claude Rains) of his identity. Everyone else is convinced that he is mentally ill. When Henry VIII dies, Hertford threatens to expose Tom unless he does as he is told. Hertford also blackmails the Captain into searching for the real prince to eliminate the dangerous loose end. Meanwhile, Edward finds an amused, if disbelieving protector in Miles","psg_id":"11264793"},{"title":"The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard","text":"The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard was released in 1995 by Telarc Records. The album contains works by Peter Schickele, sometimes under his pseudonym of P. D. Q. Bach, including \"works for various types of keyboards, including theatre organ, calliope, the ever popular piano, and the organ of the King Congregational Church of Fayray, North Dakota.\" The title is a parody of Johann Sebastian Bach's \"Well-Tempered Clavier\". As indicated on the album covers: 1. Opening & Introduction (4:50)<br> \"The Short-Tempered Clavier\", Preludes and Fugues in all the Major","psg_id":"10086757"},{"title":"The Prince and the Composer","text":"the composer and discovering more about the man and his works. In the film, he travels to significant places in Parry's life; Highnam Court, Shulbrede Priory and hears performances of his lesser-known works such as a rare performance of his \"Fifth Symphony\" at the BBC Proms. The Prince and the Composer The Prince and the Composer: A Film about Hubert Parry by HRH The Prince of Wales is a 2011 documentary film presented by Charles, Prince of Wales about the music and life of the composer Sir Hubert Parry. The documentary was directed by John Bridcut and was first broadcast","psg_id":"15639337"},{"title":"The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur","text":"The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur The Story of the Grail and the Passing of Arthur is a 1910 novel by the American illustrator and writer Howard Pyle. The book tells of Sir Geraint and his wife Enid, Sir Galahad and how he achieved the Holy Grail, and the death of King Arthur. It is the last of Pyle's Arthurian series. In the story, Sir Geraint, along with Queen Guinevere and her court, woke up late on a day in which King Arthur is supposed to go hunting. They go to catch up with the","psg_id":"18715937"},{"title":"The Cat and the King","text":"and fiction, the Duc de Saint-Simon recounts three episodes in which he and his wife involve themselves in the notorious schemings of King Louis XIV's Versailles. Throughout, the famous courtier's attitudes toward the King and court shift. In the first story, the young Duc, appalled at the King's calculating matches of his illegitimate offspring with prominent aristocrats, works to subvert the wedding of one of Louis' nephews, but is thwarted when his adversaries threaten to expose the homosexuality of both the King's brother and the narrator's patron, the Prince de Conti. In the second, Saint-Simon is maneuvered into acting as","psg_id":"10908526"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper (1920 film)","text":"which was also planning a film version of the novel. Once it was eventually released it proved to be a great success. The film's financial success in America inspired Korda towards his later ambitions to make \"international films\" which would have global market appeal, a strategy he put into place when working later in Britain which led to the worldwide success of his 1933 film \"The Private Life of Henry VIII\". The Prince and the Pauper (1920 film) The Prince and the Pauper (German: Prinz und Bettelknabe) is a 1920 Austrian silent adventure film directed by Alexander Korda and starring","psg_id":"16504986"},{"title":"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper","text":"film. In an unnamed kingdom long ago, a blonde princess and a brunette pauper are born simultaneously. The princess, Anneliese, craves freedom from her royal duties, especially because she wants to marry her tutor and true love, Julian. Despite this, she is informed by her widowed mother, Queen Genevieve, that she must marry King Dominick, the wealthy king of a nearby kingdom because their royal treasury is nearly bankrupt. The pauper, Erika, craves a different sort of freedom as she is an indentured servant at Madame Carp's Dress Emporium to work off her parents' debt, but dreams of becoming a","psg_id":"7540766"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Canty, Rob Evan as Miles Hendon, Stephen Zinnato as Hugh Hendon, Rita Harvey as Lady Edith, Michael McCormick as John Canty, Robert Anthony Jones as the Hermit/Dresser, Sally Wilfert as Mary Canty, Allison Fischer as Lady Jane and Aloysius Gigl as Father Andrew. The musical closed August 31, 2003. English playwright Jemma Kennedy adapted the story into a musical drama which was performed at the Unicorn Theatre in London 2012–2013, directed by Selina Cartmell and starring twins Danielle Bird and Nichole Bird as the Prince and Pauper and Jake Harders as Miles Hendon. In 1946, the story was adapted into","psg_id":"1631971"},{"title":"The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur","text":"of Limours, and he rides away with his wife. Their friend meets them, and lets him come to his castle. The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur The Story of the Grail and the Passing of Arthur is a 1910 novel by the American illustrator and writer Howard Pyle. The book tells of Sir Geraint and his wife Enid, Sir Galahad and how he achieved the Holy Grail, and the death of King Arthur. It is the last of Pyle's Arthurian series. In the story, Sir Geraint, along with Queen Guinevere and her court, woke up","psg_id":"18715946"},{"title":"The Princess and the Pauper","text":"The Princess and the Pauper The Princess and the Pauper is a 1939 Technicolor cartoon sponsored film by Chevrolet. It features Nicky Nome, who also appeared in the previous Chevrolet films \"A Coach for Cinderella\" and \"A Ride for Cinderella\". \"The Princess and the Pauper\" is in the public domain and runs for approximately ten minutes. The depiction of several of the characters may be viewed as racist in its exaggeration. A king offers his daughter's hand in marriage to the wealthiest suitor in the kingdom. She is wooed by the despicable wizard Ali Kazam, but falls for a pauper","psg_id":"8815783"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1921 film)","text":"that he, like Twain's protagonist Henry Morgan, is transported back to the time of King Arthur (Charles Clary), where he must use modern know-how to outwit the king's foes Morgan le Fay (Rosemary Theby) and Merlin (William V. Mong). The screenplay modernizes the novel with many contemporary references, including mentions of Ford Model Ts, the Volstead Act, and the Battle of the Argonne Forest. The film was popular, and its success likely encouraged Fox to produce the later sound film adaptation of the novel, \"A Connecticut Yankee\". According to author Barbara Leaming, the film's hanging scene inspired Tom Hepburn, brother","psg_id":"12712898"},{"title":"The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table","text":"\"The Last Battle\", the finale to \"King Arthur\". Wakeman kept track of what he had written after he organised for someone to sneak in a cassette tape recorder into his hospital room and recorded his arrangements by humming them into the microphone. Before \"King Arthur\" was recorded, Wakeman underwent a concert tour of North America, his first full-scale tour as a solo artist, in September and October 1974. The tour featured his band, an orchestra and choir; the cost of such a production ultimately cost him around £125,000. Upon his return to England from his North American tour, Wakeman and","psg_id":"5027122"},{"title":"King Arthur and King Cornwall","text":"the character's name in \"The Greene Knight\". \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\" occurs in a damaged section of the Percy Folio; about half of each page was ripped out to start fires. As such, the ballad is missing about half of its content, though some of the missing material can be deduced from context. Apparently after bragging about the excellence of his famed Round Table, King Arthur is told by Guinevere that another king has an even better one. Arthur and his company leave their kingdom (here Brittany rather than Great Britain) in disguise searching for this king, and eventually","psg_id":"10331060"},{"title":"King Arthur and King Cornwall","text":"King Arthur and King Cornwall \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\" is an English ballad surviving in fragmentary form in the 17th-century Percy Folio manuscript. An Arthurian story, it was collected by Francis James Child as Child Ballad 30. Unlike other Child Ballads, but like the Arthurian \"The Boy and the Mantle\" and \"The Marriage of Sir Gawain\", it is not a folk ballad but a professional minstrel's song. It is notable for containing the Green Knight, a character known from the medieval poems \"The Greene Knight\" and the more famous \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\"; he appears as \"Bredbeddle\",","psg_id":"10331059"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"into the musical \"A Connecticut Yankee\" by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. A 1931 film, also called \"A Connecticut Yankee\", starred Will Rogers. The story was adapted as an hour-long radio play on the October 5, 1947, broadcast of the Ford Theatre, starring Karl Swenson. A 1949 musical film featured Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming, with music by Jimmy Van Heusen and Victor Young. In 1960, Tennessee Ernie Ford starred in a television adaptation. In 1970, the book was adapted into a 74-minute animated TV special directed by Zoran Janjic with Orson Bean as the voice of the title character.","psg_id":"2436512"},{"title":"King Arthur and King Cornwall","text":"womanizing portrayal in certain Old French works. The magician-king of Cornwall does not appear in other Arthurian romance. In other stories, Cornwall is ruled by either Arthur's cousin Cador, or by King Mark, the uncle of Tristan and husband of Iseult. Equally unique is Cornwall's daughter, whom he had fathered on Guinevere behind Arthur's back. Several Arthurian staple characters do make appearances, such as Guinevere, Gawain, and Tristan. King Arthur and King Cornwall \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\" is an English ballad surviving in fragmentary form in the 17th-century Percy Folio manuscript. An Arthurian story, it was collected by Francis","psg_id":"10331065"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"completion of \"Yankee.\" The last chapters of the book are full of Hank's pronouncements of love, culminating in his final delirium, where \"an abyss of thirteen centuries yawning between me and you!\" is worse than death. While \"Connecticut Yankee\" is sometimes credited as the foundational work in the time travel subgenre of science fiction, Twain's novel had several important immediate predecessors. Among them are H.G. Wells's story \"The Chronic Argonauts\" (1888), which was a precursor to \"The Time Machine\" (1895). Also published the year before \"Connecticut Yankee\" was Edward Bellamy's wildly popular \"Looking Backward\" (1888), in which the protagonist is","psg_id":"2436510"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee (film)","text":"was re-released in 1936. It is unrelated to the 1927 musical also titled \"A Connecticut Yankee\". The hero's name was changed from Hank Morgan to Hank Martin, possibly because the original name sounded too similar to that of actor Frank Morgan. A trailer for the film exists at the Library of Congress. Radio salesmen Hank Martin (Will Rogers), travels back in time to Camelot where he is welcomed by King Arthur (William Farnum) and must use his modern knowledge to stop Morgana Le Fay (Myrna Loy) and Merlin (Brandon Hurst) from taking over. A Connecticut Yankee (film) A Connecticut Yankee","psg_id":"12138401"},{"title":"Mark Twain","text":"house, Charles L. Webster & Company, which he co-owned with Charles L. Webster, his nephew by marriage. At this time he also wrote \"The Private History of a Campaign That Failed\" for \"The Century Magazine\". This piece detailed his two-week stint in a Confederate militia during the Civil War. He next focused on \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\", written with the same historical fiction style as \"The Prince and the Pauper\". \"A Connecticut Yankee\" showed the absurdities of political and social norms by setting them in the court of King Arthur. The book was started in December 1885,","psg_id":"1359751"},{"title":"Moses King Brick and Tile Works","text":"it eventually became one of the city's main economic drivers, along with coal and the railroad. While coal and clay both declined in Colchester in the twentieth century, the brickworks survived as a producer of buff brick, ultimately becoming the last surviving brickwors in the city. It closed in the 1960s when buff brick declined in favor of colored brick, which could be more easily obtained from other sources. The brickworks was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 2001. Moses King Brick and Tile Works The Moses King Brick and Tile Works is a historic","psg_id":"18993278"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pilgrim","text":"cup. The chalice may be the mysterious and much-sought-after Holy Grail. Prince Alexander is diverted in his quest by the enchantments of Morgan Le Fay, the seductive but evil sorceress. She persuades him to attempt a theft of the cup so that she can gain power over King Arthur and his court. Alexander's search for the mysterious cup leads him to Alice. Together the prince and the pilgrim find what they've really been seeking: love. The tale is a self-contained novel taking place during Arthur's reign (possibly during the events in The Last Enchantment), and does not continue the story","psg_id":"11180417"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee (musical)","text":"Among the best remembered songs are the up-tempo duet, \"Thou Swell\", the ballad \"My Heart Stood Still\", \"On a Desert Island with Thee\", and \"I Feel at Home with You\". For the 1943 revival, Rodgers and Hart added several additional songs, including \"Can't You Do a Friend a Favor?\" and \"To Keep My Love Alive\", Hart's last song and a hit for star Vivienne Segal. A recording of the 1943 revival was released on June 29, 1944, by Decca. A Connecticut Yankee (musical) A Connecticut Yankee is a musical based on the novel \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\"","psg_id":"5511842"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee (musical)","text":"from this musical, nor was the 1949 musical film \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\", which starred Bing Crosby. The Rodgers and Hart \"Connecticut Yankee\", like many of the team's earlier musicals, has never been filmed for the big screen though a scene was staged for the 1948 biographical movie of the lives of Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, Words and Music. \"A Connecticut Yankee\" opened on Broadway at the Vanderbilt Theatre on November 3, 1927, and closed on October 27, 1928, running for 421 performances. Directed by Alexander Leftwich, with dances by Busby Berkeley, it starred William Gaxton","psg_id":"5511838"},{"title":"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper","text":"he was when he first started acting and says that the most important thing he learned was to be gracious and treat people with respect. He asks if Eddie can do that, to which he replies, \"I will now!\" and he does, just insulting Elizabeth jokingly at the filming of Prince and the Pauper, which she does back. They film with Tom, whilst Milles is now trying his hand at directing, with Eddie's mom producing and Jerry (Sally Kellerman) and Pop looking on. The end credits then begin, whilst the final shot shows of Eddie and Tom chilling together and","psg_id":"9457662"},{"title":"Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States","text":"in 1977, so all of his books will enter the public domain in 2048. In the meantime, other Russian authors are continuing Volkov's Oz series, much as American authors posthumously continued Baum's series. Volkov's works received faithful and legitimate English translations by Peter Blystone in 1991, 1993, and 2007. March Laumer infringed on both American and Russian Oz writers, though he never saw any repercussions because his works were not considered significant enough to fight. He published Oz books between 1978 and 1999, but incorporated elements from all the preceding Oz writers, most of whose works were still copyrighted. He","psg_id":"17942104"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court","text":"goes on to debunk another magician who claims to be able to tell what any person in the world is doing, including King Arthur. However, Hank knows that the King is riding out to see the restored fountain, and not \"resting from the chase\" as the \"false prophet\" had foretold to the people. Hank correctly states that the King will arrive in the valley. Hank has an idea to travel amongst the poor disguised as a peasant to find out how they truly live. King Arthur joins him, but has extreme difficulty in acting like a peasant convincingly. Although Arthur","psg_id":"2436497"},{"title":"Arthur Black (humorist)","text":"last weeks of his life about what he called his \"final journey\". In excruciating pain when the cancer became much more aggressive, Black chose to die with medical assistance at Lady Minto Hospital on Salt Spring Island on 21 February 2018. Arthur Black (humorist) Arthur Raymond Black (30 August 1943 – 21 February 2018) was a Canadian humorist and radio personality best known as the longtime host, from 1983 to 2002, of \"Basic Black\" on CBC Radio One which had a weekly audience of more than 600,000 listeners. He also wrote a series of 19 humorous books and for 40","psg_id":"8853322"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"each other's roles. In \"The Princess Switch\" (a Netflix romantic Christmas film released in November 2018 starring Vanessa Hudgens) Margaret, the Duchess of Montenaro, changes place with baker Stacy who she accidentally meets. That plot results in 2 new love stories. In 1996, C&E, a Taiwanese software company, released an RPG video game for Sega Genesis entitled \"Xin Qigai Wangzi\" (\"New Beggar Prince\"). Its story was inspired by the book, with the addition of fantastic elements such as magic, monsters, and other RPG themes. The game was ported to PC in 1998. It was eventually licensed in an English translation","psg_id":"1631983"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"with Barbie playing the blond Princess Anneliese and the brunette pauper Erika. In 2012, a second CGI musical adaptation was released, entitled \"\". In it, Barbie plays a princess blonde named Victoria (Tori) and a brunette popstar named Keira. Both crave the life of another, one day they meet and magically change places. In 2006, Garfield's second live-action film entitled \"\", was another adaptation of the classic story. A 2007 film, \"\" starred identical twins Dylan and Cole Sprouse. \"Monte Carlo\" was another loose adaptation released in 2011 by 20th Century Fox and starred Selena Gomez. \"Raju Peda\", produced for","psg_id":"1631977"},{"title":"King John and the Bishop","text":"of confiscating property from the clergy. The ballad is classified as Aarne-Thompson folktale type \"AT 922\" of the shepherd substituting for the priest to answer the king's questions (For analogues, see Parallels below). Analogues are widespread, some of them being literary works dating to medieval times. King John in the opening lines is described as a man did much wrong and did little to uphold what was right. Enraged that the bishop (variant B, the abbot) of Canterbury maintained a household with many servants and riches paid by comfortable income, the king summons him to court, accuses him of treason,","psg_id":"11383147"},{"title":"A Knight for a Day","text":"with glee, Cedric soaks in the crowd adoration, while a serf nonchalantly pushes Sir Cumference from the field in a scoop shovel. This film is included on the VHS releases of \"Here's Goofy\" and \"The Sword in the Stone\" and the DVD releases of \"Volume 3: The Prince & The Pauper\" and \"The Sword in the Stone\". A Knight for a Day A Knight for a Day is a 1946 Disney short film starring Goofy and which is loosely based on the novel \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\". Directed by Jack Hannah, this 7-minute animated comedy short was","psg_id":"13176948"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper (1990 film)","text":"become the real king so the prince won't make it back. The beggar, dressed as the prince, is called to see his \"father\", who is now dying. Mickey enters the room of the dying king and the king tells him he must take his royal birthright and become king. Mickey decides to find the true prince as quickly as possible, but Pete arrives and blackmails Mickey to be crowned king, or else he will kill Pluto. Meanwhile, the true prince hears the bells announcing the death of his father and realizes that he must return immediately to the palace. Pete","psg_id":"10665720"},{"title":"The Works of Max Beerbohm","text":"signed and numbered by the author, was issued in 1922, with 750 being offered for sale, while the remaining 30 were for presentation. Dandies and Dandies A Good Prince 1880 King George the Fourth The Pervasion of Rouge Poor Romeo! Diminuendo Bibliography The Works of Max Beerbohm The Works of Max Beerbohm was the first book published by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1896 when Beerbohm was aged 24. A collection of Beerbohm's essays from the 1890s written while he was still a student at Oxford and which had originally been printed in \"The","psg_id":"13876750"},{"title":"A Connecticut Yankee (film)","text":"than one role, a character in the real world and one in the dream world. The film stars Will Rogers as Hank Martin, an American accidental time traveler who finds himself in Camelot back in the days of King Arthur (William Farnum, a Fox star for many years). Myrna Loy and Brandon Hurst play the evil Morgan le Fay and Merlin, who must be overcome by Hank's modern technical knowledge, while Maureen O'Sullivan plays Alisande. Fox was likely inspired to produce \"A Connecticut Yankee\" based on the success of the 1921 silent film. The 1931 version was likewise successful, and","psg_id":"12138400"},{"title":"Wrench in the Works","text":"their second album, \"Lost Art of Heaping Coal\". Wrench in the Works Wrench in the Works was an American Christian Mathcore/Metalcore band originating from Hartford, Connecticut. In addition to recording music and touring, Wrench in the Works had been featured on TVU and TVU's metalcore show, Battery for the video to their hit song, \"Dust Over Time Test.\" On September 28, 2010, Facedown Records announced that Wrench in the Works had disbanded. In 2005, while under the label Redscroll Records, Wrench in the Works released their debut album, \"Prodigal Transmission\". By 2008, Wrench in the Works had left Redscroll Records","psg_id":"13530081"},{"title":"Wrench in the Works","text":"Wrench in the Works Wrench in the Works was an American Christian Mathcore/Metalcore band originating from Hartford, Connecticut. In addition to recording music and touring, Wrench in the Works had been featured on TVU and TVU's metalcore show, Battery for the video to their hit song, \"Dust Over Time Test.\" On September 28, 2010, Facedown Records announced that Wrench in the Works had disbanded. In 2005, while under the label Redscroll Records, Wrench in the Works released their debut album, \"Prodigal Transmission\". By 2008, Wrench in the Works had left Redscroll Records and signed onto Facedown Records where they released","psg_id":"13530080"},{"title":"Disston Saw Works","text":"set the standards for American sawmakers, both in terms of producing high-quality saws and developing innovative manufacturing techniques. Disston also started making files in 1865. In September 1872, Henry Disston and two other men dug part of the foundation for what was to become the largest saw manufacturing facility in the world: Disston Saw Works. This was in the Tacony section of Philadelphia. Having previously moved his expanding business from near Second and Market Streets to Front and Laurel Streets, Disston sought to establish his business away from this cramped area. It took over 25 years to move the entire","psg_id":"8668236"},{"title":"The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table","text":"but booking the venue caused a problem as the Ice Follies were scheduled to perform afterwards and the arena had already become an ice rink. Goldsmith and Wakeman's management instead suggested a scaled down show at the Royal Albert Hall, but Wakeman insisted on Wembley, and subsequently told a \"Melody Maker\" reporter that he would be presenting \"King Arthur\" as an ice show, \"so there was no going back\". \"King Arthur\" was performed for three sell out nights from 30–31 May and 1 June that were attended by 27,000 people in total. Wakeman funded the production with his own money","psg_id":"5027130"},{"title":"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper","text":"takes his keys so she can escape. As she does, she bumps into King Dominick. He tells her that he doesn't believe what Preminger said about her. In the mines, Anneliese and Julian find out how to restore the kingdom's resources from some rocks that have geodes in them. They confess their love and escape from the mines with an idea they get from Erika's barking cat Wolfie. Preminger convinces the Queen that Anneliese is dead and says that they must marry to save the kingdom, and since she has no other options, she agrees. Before they can be married,","psg_id":"7540772"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pilgrim","text":"of \"The Wicked Day\". The Prince and the Pilgrim The Prince and the Pilgrim is a 1995 fantasy novel by Mary Stewart. It is a stand-alone novel, has an oblique reference to King Arthur, and is not a part of the Merlin Trilogy. The Prince, the protagonist, is named Alexander. His father, Prince Baudouin, is murdered by the King of Cornwall, King March. When Alexander comes of age, he sets out to Camelot to seek justice from King Arthur and to avenge his father's death. The pilgrim is named Alice. She rescues a young French nobleman who has in his","psg_id":"11180418"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pilgrim","text":"The Prince and the Pilgrim The Prince and the Pilgrim is a 1995 fantasy novel by Mary Stewart. It is a stand-alone novel, has an oblique reference to King Arthur, and is not a part of the Merlin Trilogy. The Prince, the protagonist, is named Alexander. His father, Prince Baudouin, is murdered by the King of Cornwall, King March. When Alexander comes of age, he sets out to Camelot to seek justice from King Arthur and to avenge his father's death. The pilgrim is named Alice. She rescues a young French nobleman who has in his possession an enchanted silver","psg_id":"11180416"},{"title":"Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works","text":"Works and Secretary for the Environment and Food Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works The Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works (), who heads the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, is responsible for public works projects, transport related issues and environmental protection. The position was created in 2002 together with the Principal Officials Accountability System by merging the previous positions of Secretary for Transport, Secretary for Works, and the environment portfolio of the Secretary for the Environment and Food. The position was abolished in 2007 when the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau was","psg_id":"5632441"},{"title":"Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works","text":"Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works The Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works (), who heads the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, is responsible for public works projects, transport related issues and environmental protection. The position was created in 2002 together with the Principal Officials Accountability System by merging the previous positions of Secretary for Transport, Secretary for Works, and the environment portfolio of the Secretary for the Environment and Food. The position was abolished in 2007 when the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau was abolished. |width=25% align=center|Preceded by:<br>Secretary for Transport, Secretary for","psg_id":"5632440"},{"title":"Trouble In The Works","text":"show is the two going back and forth on which products the workers no longer like. At the end, Mr. Fibbs asks what the workers would rather make, and Wills answers, \"Brandy balls\" (Pinter 239). \"Trouble in the Works\" was one of Harold Pinter's earlier works, written in 1959. This is one of a series of short sketch comedy, Sean Foley said, \"These are classic comedy sketches, some of them written for revues and cabaret nights, and there's this strain of surrealism...he got there 12 years before Monty Python,\" (Merritt). \"Trouble in the Works\" was written with five other sketches,","psg_id":"19749221"},{"title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Hayley Mills. The 21st episode of \"The Monkees\", aired on February 6, 1967, was entitled \"The Prince and the Paupers\". A 1975 BBC television adaptation starred Nicholas Lyndhurst. In a 1976 ABC Afterschool Special, Lance Kerwin played the dual role in a modern American-based adaptation of the story entitled \"P.J. and the President's Son.\" The BBC produced a television adaptation by writer Richard Harris, consisting of six thirty-minute episodes, in 1976. Nicholas Lyndhurst played both Prince Edward and Tom Canty. \"Ringo\", a 1978 TV special starring Ringo Starr, involves the former Beatles drummer trading places with a talentless look-alike. The","psg_id":"1631979"},{"title":"The Dream, and Other Poems","text":"in Shakespeare’s works, such as the tragic romance in \"Romeo and Juliet\", and includes tempest imagery similar to that in both \"The Tempest\" and \"King Lear\". The Dream, and Other Poems The Dream, and Other Poems (1833) is a book of poems by Mrs George Lenox-Conyngham, also known as Elizabeth Emmet Lenox-Conyngham. It is her first known publication. Born Elizabeth Emmet, she was the only child of Robert Holmes (barrister) and Mary Anne Emmet. \"The Dream, and Other Poems\" by Mrs. George Lenox-Conyngham is a poetry collection published in 1833 in London by Edward Moxon, with 166 pages, containing 24","psg_id":"20673278"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"the idea behind \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\" in December 1884 and worked on it between 1885 and 1889. The principal part of the writing was done at Twain's summer home at Elmira, New York and was completed at Hartford, Connecticut. It was first published in England by Chatto & Windus under the title \\\"A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur\\\" in December 1889. Writer and critic William Dean Howells called it Twain's best work and \\\"an object-lesson in democracy\\\". The work was met with some indignation in Great Britain as it was perceived as \\\"a direct\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"has also inspired many variations and parodies, such as the 1979 Bugs Bunny special \\\"A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthur's Court\\\". \\\"A Knight for a Day\\\" is a 1946 Disney short film starring Goofy loosely is loosely inspired by the novel \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\". In 1995, Walt Disney Studios adapted the book into the feature film \\\"A Kid in King Arthur's Court\\\". \\\"Army of Darkness\\\" drew many inspirations from the novel. A 1992 cartoon series, \\\"King Arthur & the Knights of Justice\\\", could also be seen as deriving inspiration from the novel. In 1998 Disney made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Radio City Music Hall, New York. Decca included all the Crosby songs on Decca DL 4261 in 1962 for the LP set Bing’s Hollywood. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby and other stars of the Paramount movie \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\" featuring songs from the film. All of the songs were written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke. Billboard liked it saying: The album reached the No. 5 position in Billboard's album charts. These newly issued songs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19001486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"with Miles barbecuing in a garden and everyone looks happy as Milles plays football with Tom, and his lookalike that he's known for much less time but who is really his son, Eddie, proud that the boys are following in his footsteps as actors and knows that they will not make the mistakes that he did after everything that they learned in their fun adventure: A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper. A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper, also known as The Prince and the Pauper:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9457663\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"comics form by Arnold L. Hicks in \\\"Classics Illustrated\\\" (\\\"\\\"Classic Comics\\\"\\\") #29, published by Gilberton. In 1962, Dell Comics published \\\"Walt Disney's the Prince and the Pauper\\\", illustrated by Dan Spiegle, based on the three-part television adaptation produced by \\\"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\\\". In 1990, Disney Comics published \\\"Disney's The Prince and the Pauper\\\", by Scott Saavedra and Sergio Asteriti, based on the animated featurette starring Mickey Mouse. The novel has also been the basis of several films. In some versions, Prince Edward carries identification when he assumes Tom's role. While animations such as the Mickey Mouse version\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album)\",\n \"text\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (album) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby and other stars of the Paramount movie \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\" featuring songs from the film. All of the songs were written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke. Billboard liked it saying: The album reached the No. 5 position in Billboard's album charts. These newly issued songs were featured in a 3-disc, 78 rpm album set, Decca Album A-699. <nowiki>*</nowiki>This song was cut from the film after its world premiere at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19001485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"In 1978 an episode of Once Upon a Classic, \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\", was an adaptation, as was the Disney movie \\\"Unidentified Flying Oddball\\\", also known as \\\"A Spaceman in King Arthur's Court\\\". The TV series \\\"The Transformers\\\" had a second-season episode, \\\"A Decepticon Raider in King Arthur's Court\\\", that had a group of Autobots and Decepticons sent back to medieval times. In 1988, the Soviet variation called \\\"New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\" appeared. More recently it was adapted into a 1989 TV movie by Paul Zindel which starred Keshia Knight Pulliam. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"Meanwhile, news reaches them that King Henry VIII has died and Edward is now the King. Tom, dressed as Edward, tries to cope with court customs and manners. His fellow nobles and palace staff think the prince has an illness, which has caused memory loss and fear he will go mad. They repeatedly ask him about the missing Great Seal of England, but he knows nothing about it. However, when Tom is asked to sit in on judgments, his common-sense observations reassure them his mind is sound. As Edward experiences the brutal life of a London pauper firsthand, he becomes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper (1977 film)\",\n \"text\": \"other that they were not good at each other's position. Archbishop Cranmer and other witnesses are stunned until Edward presents the Prince's Seal and takes his position as the rightful King. After the ceremony, Edward makes Tom Head Governor and his mother sets up shelters for the homeless. Miles is restored to his honour as a Knight and marries Edith. George MacDonald Fraser was hired to rewrite the script. Shooting took place in France. The Prince and the Pauper (1977 film) The Prince and the Pauper (US title: Crossed Swords) is a 1977 action adventure film directed by Richard Fleischer,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10213054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"set in Victorian England before Twain decided to set it further back in time. He wrote \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\" having already started \\\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\\\". The \\\"whipping-boy story,\\\" originally meant as a chapter to be part of \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\" was published in the Hartford \\\"Bazar Budget\\\" of July 4, 1880, before Twain deleted it from the novel at the suggestion of William Dean Howells. Ultimately, \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\" was published by subscription by James R. Osgoode of Boston, with illustrations by F.T. Merrill. The book bears a dedication to Twain's daughters, Susie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"BBC TV comedy series \\\"Blackadder the Third\\\" has an episode, \\\"Duel and Duality,\\\" where the Prince Regent believes that the Duke of Wellington is after him. The prince swaps clothes with Blackadder (who is his butler) and says, \\\"This reminds of that story 'The Prince and the Porpoise'.\\\" Blackadder corrects him: \\\"Pauper. The Prince and the Pauper.\\\" Since \\\"Blackadder the Third\\\" is set during the early 1800s, this is an anachronism. In 1996, PBS aired a \\\"Wishbone\\\" adaptation titled \\\"The Pooch and the Pauper\\\" with Wishbone playing both Tom Canty and Edward VI. The BBC produced a six-part dramatization of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949 film)\",\n \"text\": \"her fiancé Sir Lancelot takes exception, and when he meddles in the politics of the kingdom, trouble ensues. Filmed from October to December 1947, \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\" was released on April 22, 1949 and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The film was a popular success and became one of the highlight films of 1949. Hank Martin (Bing Crosby), an American mechanic, is knocked out and wakes up in the land of King Arthur. Here he finds romance with Alisande la Carteloise (Rhonda Fleming) and friendship with Sir Sagramore (William Bendix). Unfortunately, the heroic Hank also incurs the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11377702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"of medieval slavery. It is possible to see the book as an important transitional work for Twain, in that earlier, sunnier passages recall the frontier humor of his tall tales such as \\\"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County\\\", while the corrosive view of human behavior in the apocalyptic latter chapters is more akin to darker, later Twain works such as \\\"The Mysterious Stranger\\\" and \\\"Letters from the Earth\\\". George Hardy notes, \\\"The final scenes of 'Connecticut Yankee' depict a mass horse attempting to storm a position defended by wire and machine guns—and getting massacred, none reaching their objective. Deduct\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436508\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"another adaption with Whoopi Goldberg in \\\"A Knight in Camelot\\\". The 2001 film \\\"Black Knight\\\" similarly transports a modern-day American to Medieval England while adding racial element to the time-traveler plotline. In the Carl Sagan novel \\\"Contact\\\", the protagonist, Eleanor Arroway, is reading \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\", specifically the scene where Hank first approaches Camelot, when she finds out about her father's death. The quotation Bridgeport?' Said I. 'Camelot,' Said he\\\" is also used later in the book, and the story is used as a metaphor for contact between civilizations at very different levels of technological and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"and Clara Clemens and is subtitled \\\"A Tale For Young People of All Ages\\\". \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\" was adapted for the stage during Twain's lifetime, an adaptation which involved Twain in litigation with the playwright. In November 1920, a stage adaption by Amélie Rives opened on Broadway under the direction of William Faversham, with Faversham as Miles Hendon and Ruth Findlay playing both Tom Canty and Prince Edward. An Off-Broadway musical with music by Neil Berg opened at Lamb's Theatre on June 16, 2002. The original cast included Dennis Michael Hall as Prince Edward, Gerard Canonico as Tom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"Indian television in 1954, is a Telugu-version adaptation of the novel starring N. T. Rama Rao and directed by B. A. Subba Rao. In 1957, CBS' \\\"DuPont Show of the Month\\\" offered an adaptation of \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\", with Johnny Washbrook of \\\"My Friend Flicka\\\" as Tom Canty and Rex Thompson as Prince Edward. A 1962 three-part \\\"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\\\" television adaptation featured Guy Williams as Miles Hendon. Both Prince Edward and Tom Canty were played by Sean Scully, using the split-screen technique which the Disney studios had used in \\\"The Parent Trap\\\" (1961) with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"1977 film version of the story, starring Oliver Reed as Miles Hendon, co-starring Rex Harrison (as the Duke of Norfolk), Mark Lester and Raquel Welch and directed by Richard Fleischer, was released in the UK as \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\" and in the US as \\\"Crossed Swords.\\\" Walt Disney Feature Animation made a 1990 animated 24-minute short film, inspired by the novel and starring Mickey Mouse. In this version, Mickey trades places with himself and is supported by other Disney characters. \\\"It Takes Two\\\", starring twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, is a loose translation of this story in which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cat and the King\",\n \"text\": \"The Cat and the King The Cat and the King (1981) is a work of historical fiction about the court of French King Louis XIV (1638–1715) by novelist Louis Auchincloss. The novel's narrator—Louis de Rouvroy, the second Duc de Saint-Simon—was a real-life French noble who observed life at the court and recorded in his memoirs all that he saw and felt about the reign of the Sun King. Saint-Simon (1675–1755) is mentioned in many of Auchincloss’ works and in \\\"The Cat and the King\\\" he fantasizes that the Duc kept on writing after his real-life memoirs were published. Mixing fact\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10908525\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"the story in 1996, adapted by Julian Fellowes, starring James Purefoy, with Keith Michell reprising his role of Henry VIII. A 2011 episode of \\\"Phineas and Ferb\\\" (\\\"Make Play\\\", season 2, episode 64) follows a similar storyline, with Candace switching places with Princess Baldegunde of Duselstein and discovering that royal life is dull. Starting with the episode \\\"The Shepherd\\\" (premiered on December 4, 2011) , the Abc's \\\"Once Upon a Time (TV series)\\\" introduced a version of the story where the shepherd named Prince Charming is the Pauper and Prince James is the Prince. The 2017 Japanese anime series \\\"Princess\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard\",\n \"text\": \"and Minor Keys Except for the Really Hard Ones, S. easy as 3.14159265 (P.D.Q. Bach) 14. Introduction (3:16)<br> \\\"Little Pickle Book\\\" for theater organ and dill piccolos, S. 6 (P.D.Q. Bach) 19. Introduction (1:16)<br> \\\"Sonata Da Circo (Circus Sonata)\\\" for steam calliope, S. 3 ring (P.D.Q. Bach) 25. Introduction (1:07)<br> \\\"Three Chorale-Based Piecelets\\\" for Organ, S. III (P.D.Q. Bach) 29. Epilogue (1:24) The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard was released in 1995 by Telarc Records. The album contains works by Peter Schickele, sometimes under his pseudonym of P.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10086758\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper (1937 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Angel\\\" and \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\". They announced \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\" as part of their line up in June 1936. (They bought the rights to the story from Twain's estate for $75,000.) Patrick Knowles was cast for the role of Miles in October. However Jack L. Warner then decided he wanted someone with a bigger name and asked Errol Flynn to do it. According to Warner Bros records, the film earned $1,026,000 domestically and $665,000 foreign making it the studio's most popular film of the year. Frank S. Nugent of \\\"The New York Times\\\" wrote, \\\"Bobby\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11264795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"the Pauper\\\" is both a critique of social inequality and a criticism of judging others by their appearance. Twain wrote of the book, \\\"My idea is to afford a realizing sense of the exceeding severity of the laws of that day by inflicting some of their penalties upon the King himself and allowing him a chance to see the rest of them applied to others...\\\" Having returned from a second European tour — which formed the basis of \\\"A Tramp Abroad\\\" (1880) — Twain read extensively about English and French history. Initially intended as a play, the book was originally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631968\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"two girls (one wealthy and the other an orphan, who resemble each other) switch places in order to experience each other's lives. The 1996 Bollywood film \\\"Tere Mere Sapne\\\" is loosely based upon this story, in which two boys born on exactly the same date switch places to experience the other's life, whilst learning valuable lessons along the way. A 2000 film directed by Giles Foster starred Aidan Quinn (as Miles Hendon), Alan Bates, Jonathan Hyde, and identical twins Jonathan and Robert Timmins. In 2004, it was adapted into an 85-minute CGI-animated musical, \\\"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper (1937 film)\",\n \"text\": \"each other. As a prank, they exchange clothes, but the Captain of the Guard (Alan Hale, Sr.) mistakes the prince for the pauper and throws him out of the palace grounds. Tom is unable to convince anybody except for the Earl of Hertford (Claude Rains) of his identity. Everyone else is convinced that he is mentally ill. When Henry VIII dies, Hertford threatens to expose Tom unless he does as he is told. Hertford also blackmails the Captain into searching for the real prince to eliminate the dangerous loose end. Meanwhile, Edward finds an amused, if disbelieving protector in Miles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11264793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard\",\n \"text\": \"The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard The Short-Tempered Clavier and other dysfunctional works for keyboard was released in 1995 by Telarc Records. The album contains works by Peter Schickele, sometimes under his pseudonym of P. D. Q. Bach, including \\\"works for various types of keyboards, including theatre organ, calliope, the ever popular piano, and the organ of the King Congregational Church of Fayray, North Dakota.\\\" The title is a parody of Johann Sebastian Bach's \\\"Well-Tempered Clavier\\\". As indicated on the album covers: 1. Opening & Introduction (4:50)<br> \\\"The Short-Tempered Clavier\\\", Preludes and Fugues in all the Major\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10086757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Composer\",\n \"text\": \"the composer and discovering more about the man and his works. In the film, he travels to significant places in Parry's life; Highnam Court, Shulbrede Priory and hears performances of his lesser-known works such as a rare performance of his \\\"Fifth Symphony\\\" at the BBC Proms. The Prince and the Composer The Prince and the Composer: A Film about Hubert Parry by HRH The Prince of Wales is a 2011 documentary film presented by Charles, Prince of Wales about the music and life of the composer Sir Hubert Parry. The documentary was directed by John Bridcut and was first broadcast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15639337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur\",\n \"text\": \"The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur The Story of the Grail and the Passing of Arthur is a 1910 novel by the American illustrator and writer Howard Pyle. The book tells of Sir Geraint and his wife Enid, Sir Galahad and how he achieved the Holy Grail, and the death of King Arthur. It is the last of Pyle's Arthurian series. In the story, Sir Geraint, along with Queen Guinevere and her court, woke up late on a day in which King Arthur is supposed to go hunting. They go to catch up with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18715937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cat and the King\",\n \"text\": \"and fiction, the Duc de Saint-Simon recounts three episodes in which he and his wife involve themselves in the notorious schemings of King Louis XIV's Versailles. Throughout, the famous courtier's attitudes toward the King and court shift. In the first story, the young Duc, appalled at the King's calculating matches of his illegitimate offspring with prominent aristocrats, works to subvert the wedding of one of Louis' nephews, but is thwarted when his adversaries threaten to expose the homosexuality of both the King's brother and the narrator's patron, the Prince de Conti. In the second, Saint-Simon is maneuvered into acting as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10908526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper (1920 film)\",\n \"text\": \"which was also planning a film version of the novel. Once it was eventually released it proved to be a great success. The film's financial success in America inspired Korda towards his later ambitions to make \\\"international films\\\" which would have global market appeal, a strategy he put into place when working later in Britain which led to the worldwide success of his 1933 film \\\"The Private Life of Henry VIII\\\". The Prince and the Pauper (1920 film) The Prince and the Pauper (German: Prinz und Bettelknabe) is a 1920 Austrian silent adventure film directed by Alexander Korda and starring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16504986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"film. In an unnamed kingdom long ago, a blonde princess and a brunette pauper are born simultaneously. The princess, Anneliese, craves freedom from her royal duties, especially because she wants to marry her tutor and true love, Julian. Despite this, she is informed by her widowed mother, Queen Genevieve, that she must marry King Dominick, the wealthy king of a nearby kingdom because their royal treasury is nearly bankrupt. The pauper, Erika, craves a different sort of freedom as she is an indentured servant at Madame Carp's Dress Emporium to work off her parents' debt, but dreams of becoming a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7540766\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"Canty, Rob Evan as Miles Hendon, Stephen Zinnato as Hugh Hendon, Rita Harvey as Lady Edith, Michael McCormick as John Canty, Robert Anthony Jones as the Hermit/Dresser, Sally Wilfert as Mary Canty, Allison Fischer as Lady Jane and Aloysius Gigl as Father Andrew. The musical closed August 31, 2003. English playwright Jemma Kennedy adapted the story into a musical drama which was performed at the Unicorn Theatre in London 2012–2013, directed by Selina Cartmell and starring twins Danielle Bird and Nichole Bird as the Prince and Pauper and Jake Harders as Miles Hendon. In 1946, the story was adapted into\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur\",\n \"text\": \"of Limours, and he rides away with his wife. Their friend meets them, and lets him come to his castle. The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur The Story of the Grail and the Passing of Arthur is a 1910 novel by the American illustrator and writer Howard Pyle. The book tells of Sir Geraint and his wife Enid, Sir Galahad and how he achieved the Holy Grail, and the death of King Arthur. It is the last of Pyle's Arthurian series. In the story, Sir Geraint, along with Queen Guinevere and her court, woke up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18715946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Princess and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"The Princess and the Pauper The Princess and the Pauper is a 1939 Technicolor cartoon sponsored film by Chevrolet. It features Nicky Nome, who also appeared in the previous Chevrolet films \\\"A Coach for Cinderella\\\" and \\\"A Ride for Cinderella\\\". \\\"The Princess and the Pauper\\\" is in the public domain and runs for approximately ten minutes. The depiction of several of the characters may be viewed as racist in its exaggeration. A king offers his daughter's hand in marriage to the wealthiest suitor in the kingdom. She is wooed by the despicable wizard Ali Kazam, but falls for a pauper\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8815783\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1921 film)\",\n \"text\": \"that he, like Twain's protagonist Henry Morgan, is transported back to the time of King Arthur (Charles Clary), where he must use modern know-how to outwit the king's foes Morgan le Fay (Rosemary Theby) and Merlin (William V. Mong). The screenplay modernizes the novel with many contemporary references, including mentions of Ford Model Ts, the Volstead Act, and the Battle of the Argonne Forest. The film was popular, and its success likely encouraged Fox to produce the later sound film adaptation of the novel, \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\". According to author Barbara Leaming, the film's hanging scene inspired Tom Hepburn, brother\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12712898\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Last Battle\\\", the finale to \\\"King Arthur\\\". Wakeman kept track of what he had written after he organised for someone to sneak in a cassette tape recorder into his hospital room and recorded his arrangements by humming them into the microphone. Before \\\"King Arthur\\\" was recorded, Wakeman underwent a concert tour of North America, his first full-scale tour as a solo artist, in September and October 1974. The tour featured his band, an orchestra and choir; the cost of such a production ultimately cost him around £125,000. Upon his return to England from his North American tour, Wakeman and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5027122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\",\n \"text\": \"the character's name in \\\"The Greene Knight\\\". \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\" occurs in a damaged section of the Percy Folio; about half of each page was ripped out to start fires. As such, the ballad is missing about half of its content, though some of the missing material can be deduced from context. Apparently after bragging about the excellence of his famed Round Table, King Arthur is told by Guinevere that another king has an even better one. Arthur and his company leave their kingdom (here Brittany rather than Great Britain) in disguise searching for this king, and eventually\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10331060\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\",\n \"text\": \"King Arthur and King Cornwall \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\" is an English ballad surviving in fragmentary form in the 17th-century Percy Folio manuscript. An Arthurian story, it was collected by Francis James Child as Child Ballad 30. Unlike other Child Ballads, but like the Arthurian \\\"The Boy and the Mantle\\\" and \\\"The Marriage of Sir Gawain\\\", it is not a folk ballad but a professional minstrel's song. It is notable for containing the Green Knight, a character known from the medieval poems \\\"The Greene Knight\\\" and the more famous \\\"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\\\"; he appears as \\\"Bredbeddle\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10331059\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"into the musical \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\" by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. A 1931 film, also called \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\", starred Will Rogers. The story was adapted as an hour-long radio play on the October 5, 1947, broadcast of the Ford Theatre, starring Karl Swenson. A 1949 musical film featured Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming, with music by Jimmy Van Heusen and Victor Young. In 1960, Tennessee Ernie Ford starred in a television adaptation. In 1970, the book was adapted into a 74-minute animated TV special directed by Zoran Janjic with Orson Bean as the voice of the title character.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\",\n \"text\": \"womanizing portrayal in certain Old French works. The magician-king of Cornwall does not appear in other Arthurian romance. In other stories, Cornwall is ruled by either Arthur's cousin Cador, or by King Mark, the uncle of Tristan and husband of Iseult. Equally unique is Cornwall's daughter, whom he had fathered on Guinevere behind Arthur's back. Several Arthurian staple characters do make appearances, such as Guinevere, Gawain, and Tristan. King Arthur and King Cornwall \\\"King Arthur and King Cornwall\\\" is an English ballad surviving in fragmentary form in the 17th-century Percy Folio manuscript. An Arthurian story, it was collected by Francis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10331065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"completion of \\\"Yankee.\\\" The last chapters of the book are full of Hank's pronouncements of love, culminating in his final delirium, where \\\"an abyss of thirteen centuries yawning between me and you!\\\" is worse than death. While \\\"Connecticut Yankee\\\" is sometimes credited as the foundational work in the time travel subgenre of science fiction, Twain's novel had several important immediate predecessors. Among them are H.G. Wells's story \\\"The Chronic Argonauts\\\" (1888), which was a precursor to \\\"The Time Machine\\\" (1895). Also published the year before \\\"Connecticut Yankee\\\" was Edward Bellamy's wildly popular \\\"Looking Backward\\\" (1888), in which the protagonist is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436510\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee (film)\",\n \"text\": \"was re-released in 1936. It is unrelated to the 1927 musical also titled \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\". The hero's name was changed from Hank Morgan to Hank Martin, possibly because the original name sounded too similar to that of actor Frank Morgan. A trailer for the film exists at the Library of Congress. Radio salesmen Hank Martin (Will Rogers), travels back in time to Camelot where he is welcomed by King Arthur (William Farnum) and must use his modern knowledge to stop Morgana Le Fay (Myrna Loy) and Merlin (Brandon Hurst) from taking over. A Connecticut Yankee (film) A Connecticut Yankee\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12138401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark Twain\",\n \"text\": \"house, Charles L. Webster & Company, which he co-owned with Charles L. Webster, his nephew by marriage. At this time he also wrote \\\"The Private History of a Campaign That Failed\\\" for \\\"The Century Magazine\\\". This piece detailed his two-week stint in a Confederate militia during the Civil War. He next focused on \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\", written with the same historical fiction style as \\\"The Prince and the Pauper\\\". \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\" showed the absurdities of political and social norms by setting them in the court of King Arthur. The book was started in December 1885,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1359751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moses King Brick and Tile Works\",\n \"text\": \"it eventually became one of the city's main economic drivers, along with coal and the railroad. While coal and clay both declined in Colchester in the twentieth century, the brickworks survived as a producer of buff brick, ultimately becoming the last surviving brickwors in the city. It closed in the 1960s when buff brick declined in favor of colored brick, which could be more easily obtained from other sources. The brickworks was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 2001. Moses King Brick and Tile Works The Moses King Brick and Tile Works is a historic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18993278\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pilgrim\",\n \"text\": \"cup. The chalice may be the mysterious and much-sought-after Holy Grail. Prince Alexander is diverted in his quest by the enchantments of Morgan Le Fay, the seductive but evil sorceress. She persuades him to attempt a theft of the cup so that she can gain power over King Arthur and his court. Alexander's search for the mysterious cup leads him to Alice. Together the prince and the pilgrim find what they've really been seeking: love. The tale is a self-contained novel taking place during Arthur's reign (possibly during the events in The Last Enchantment), and does not continue the story\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"Among the best remembered songs are the up-tempo duet, \\\"Thou Swell\\\", the ballad \\\"My Heart Stood Still\\\", \\\"On a Desert Island with Thee\\\", and \\\"I Feel at Home with You\\\". For the 1943 revival, Rodgers and Hart added several additional songs, including \\\"Can't You Do a Friend a Favor?\\\" and \\\"To Keep My Love Alive\\\", Hart's last song and a hit for star Vivienne Segal. A recording of the 1943 revival was released on June 29, 1944, by Decca. A Connecticut Yankee (musical) A Connecticut Yankee is a musical based on the novel \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5511842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee (musical)\",\n \"text\": \"from this musical, nor was the 1949 musical film \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\", which starred Bing Crosby. The Rodgers and Hart \\\"Connecticut Yankee\\\", like many of the team's earlier musicals, has never been filmed for the big screen though a scene was staged for the 1948 biographical movie of the lives of Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, Words and Music. \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\" opened on Broadway at the Vanderbilt Theatre on November 3, 1927, and closed on October 27, 1928, running for 421 performances. Directed by Alexander Leftwich, with dances by Busby Berkeley, it starred William Gaxton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5511838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"he was when he first started acting and says that the most important thing he learned was to be gracious and treat people with respect. He asks if Eddie can do that, to which he replies, \\\"I will now!\\\" and he does, just insulting Elizabeth jokingly at the filming of Prince and the Pauper, which she does back. They film with Tom, whilst Milles is now trying his hand at directing, with Eddie's mom producing and Jerry (Sally Kellerman) and Pop looking on. The end credits then begin, whilst the final shot shows of Eddie and Tom chilling together and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9457662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"in 1977, so all of his books will enter the public domain in 2048. In the meantime, other Russian authors are continuing Volkov's Oz series, much as American authors posthumously continued Baum's series. Volkov's works received faithful and legitimate English translations by Peter Blystone in 1991, 1993, and 2007. March Laumer infringed on both American and Russian Oz writers, though he never saw any repercussions because his works were not considered significant enough to fight. He published Oz books between 1978 and 1999, but incorporated elements from all the preceding Oz writers, most of whose works were still copyrighted. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17942104\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\",\n \"text\": \"goes on to debunk another magician who claims to be able to tell what any person in the world is doing, including King Arthur. However, Hank knows that the King is riding out to see the restored fountain, and not \\\"resting from the chase\\\" as the \\\"false prophet\\\" had foretold to the people. Hank correctly states that the King will arrive in the valley. Hank has an idea to travel amongst the poor disguised as a peasant to find out how they truly live. King Arthur joins him, but has extreme difficulty in acting like a peasant convincingly. Although Arthur\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2436497\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Black (humorist)\",\n \"text\": \"last weeks of his life about what he called his \\\"final journey\\\". In excruciating pain when the cancer became much more aggressive, Black chose to die with medical assistance at Lady Minto Hospital on Salt Spring Island on 21 February 2018. Arthur Black (humorist) Arthur Raymond Black (30 August 1943 – 21 February 2018) was a Canadian humorist and radio personality best known as the longtime host, from 1983 to 2002, of \\\"Basic Black\\\" on CBC Radio One which had a weekly audience of more than 600,000 listeners. He also wrote a series of 19 humorous books and for 40\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8853322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"each other's roles. In \\\"The Princess Switch\\\" (a Netflix romantic Christmas film released in November 2018 starring Vanessa Hudgens) Margaret, the Duchess of Montenaro, changes place with baker Stacy who she accidentally meets. That plot results in 2 new love stories. In 1996, C&E, a Taiwanese software company, released an RPG video game for Sega Genesis entitled \\\"Xin Qigai Wangzi\\\" (\\\"New Beggar Prince\\\"). Its story was inspired by the book, with the addition of fantastic elements such as magic, monsters, and other RPG themes. The game was ported to PC in 1998. It was eventually licensed in an English translation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631983\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"with Barbie playing the blond Princess Anneliese and the brunette pauper Erika. In 2012, a second CGI musical adaptation was released, entitled \\\"\\\". In it, Barbie plays a princess blonde named Victoria (Tori) and a brunette popstar named Keira. Both crave the life of another, one day they meet and magically change places. In 2006, Garfield's second live-action film entitled \\\"\\\", was another adaptation of the classic story. A 2007 film, \\\"\\\" starred identical twins Dylan and Cole Sprouse. \\\"Monte Carlo\\\" was another loose adaptation released in 2011 by 20th Century Fox and starred Selena Gomez. \\\"Raju Peda\\\", produced for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King John and the Bishop\",\n \"text\": \"of confiscating property from the clergy. The ballad is classified as Aarne-Thompson folktale type \\\"AT 922\\\" of the shepherd substituting for the priest to answer the king's questions (For analogues, see Parallels below). Analogues are widespread, some of them being literary works dating to medieval times. King John in the opening lines is described as a man did much wrong and did little to uphold what was right. Enraged that the bishop (variant B, the abbot) of Canterbury maintained a household with many servants and riches paid by comfortable income, the king summons him to court, accuses him of treason,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11383147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Knight for a Day\",\n \"text\": \"with glee, Cedric soaks in the crowd adoration, while a serf nonchalantly pushes Sir Cumference from the field in a scoop shovel. This film is included on the VHS releases of \\\"Here's Goofy\\\" and \\\"The Sword in the Stone\\\" and the DVD releases of \\\"Volume 3: The Prince & The Pauper\\\" and \\\"The Sword in the Stone\\\". A Knight for a Day A Knight for a Day is a 1946 Disney short film starring Goofy and which is loosely based on the novel \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\". Directed by Jack Hannah, this 7-minute animated comedy short was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13176948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper (1990 film)\",\n \"text\": \"become the real king so the prince won't make it back. The beggar, dressed as the prince, is called to see his \\\"father\\\", who is now dying. Mickey enters the room of the dying king and the king tells him he must take his royal birthright and become king. Mickey decides to find the true prince as quickly as possible, but Pete arrives and blackmails Mickey to be crowned king, or else he will kill Pluto. Meanwhile, the true prince hears the bells announcing the death of his father and realizes that he must return immediately to the palace. Pete\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10665720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Works of Max Beerbohm\",\n \"text\": \"signed and numbered by the author, was issued in 1922, with 750 being offered for sale, while the remaining 30 were for presentation. Dandies and Dandies A Good Prince 1880 King George the Fourth The Pervasion of Rouge Poor Romeo! Diminuendo Bibliography The Works of Max Beerbohm The Works of Max Beerbohm was the first book published by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1896 when Beerbohm was aged 24. A collection of Beerbohm's essays from the 1890s written while he was still a student at Oxford and which had originally been printed in \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13876750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Connecticut Yankee (film)\",\n \"text\": \"than one role, a character in the real world and one in the dream world. The film stars Will Rogers as Hank Martin, an American accidental time traveler who finds himself in Camelot back in the days of King Arthur (William Farnum, a Fox star for many years). Myrna Loy and Brandon Hurst play the evil Morgan le Fay and Merlin, who must be overcome by Hank's modern technical knowledge, while Maureen O'Sullivan plays Alisande. Fox was likely inspired to produce \\\"A Connecticut Yankee\\\" based on the success of the 1921 silent film. The 1931 version was likewise successful, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12138400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wrench in the Works\",\n \"text\": \"their second album, \\\"Lost Art of Heaping Coal\\\". Wrench in the Works Wrench in the Works was an American Christian Mathcore/Metalcore band originating from Hartford, Connecticut. In addition to recording music and touring, Wrench in the Works had been featured on TVU and TVU's metalcore show, Battery for the video to their hit song, \\\"Dust Over Time Test.\\\" On September 28, 2010, Facedown Records announced that Wrench in the Works had disbanded. In 2005, while under the label Redscroll Records, Wrench in the Works released their debut album, \\\"Prodigal Transmission\\\". By 2008, Wrench in the Works had left Redscroll Records\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13530081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wrench in the Works\",\n \"text\": \"Wrench in the Works Wrench in the Works was an American Christian Mathcore/Metalcore band originating from Hartford, Connecticut. In addition to recording music and touring, Wrench in the Works had been featured on TVU and TVU's metalcore show, Battery for the video to their hit song, \\\"Dust Over Time Test.\\\" On September 28, 2010, Facedown Records announced that Wrench in the Works had disbanded. In 2005, while under the label Redscroll Records, Wrench in the Works released their debut album, \\\"Prodigal Transmission\\\". By 2008, Wrench in the Works had left Redscroll Records and signed onto Facedown Records where they released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13530080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Disston Saw Works\",\n \"text\": \"set the standards for American sawmakers, both in terms of producing high-quality saws and developing innovative manufacturing techniques. Disston also started making files in 1865. In September 1872, Henry Disston and two other men dug part of the foundation for what was to become the largest saw manufacturing facility in the world: Disston Saw Works. This was in the Tacony section of Philadelphia. Having previously moved his expanding business from near Second and Market Streets to Front and Laurel Streets, Disston sought to establish his business away from this cramped area. It took over 25 years to move the entire\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8668236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table\",\n \"text\": \"but booking the venue caused a problem as the Ice Follies were scheduled to perform afterwards and the arena had already become an ice rink. Goldsmith and Wakeman's management instead suggested a scaled down show at the Royal Albert Hall, but Wakeman insisted on Wembley, and subsequently told a \\\"Melody Maker\\\" reporter that he would be presenting \\\"King Arthur\\\" as an ice show, \\\"so there was no going back\\\". \\\"King Arthur\\\" was performed for three sell out nights from 30–31 May and 1 June that were attended by 27,000 people in total. Wakeman funded the production with his own money\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5027130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"takes his keys so she can escape. As she does, she bumps into King Dominick. He tells her that he doesn't believe what Preminger said about her. In the mines, Anneliese and Julian find out how to restore the kingdom's resources from some rocks that have geodes in them. They confess their love and escape from the mines with an idea they get from Erika's barking cat Wolfie. Preminger convinces the Queen that Anneliese is dead and says that they must marry to save the kingdom, and since she has no other options, she agrees. Before they can be married,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7540772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pilgrim\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"The Wicked Day\\\". The Prince and the Pilgrim The Prince and the Pilgrim is a 1995 fantasy novel by Mary Stewart. It is a stand-alone novel, has an oblique reference to King Arthur, and is not a part of the Merlin Trilogy. The Prince, the protagonist, is named Alexander. His father, Prince Baudouin, is murdered by the King of Cornwall, King March. When Alexander comes of age, he sets out to Camelot to seek justice from King Arthur and to avenge his father's death. The pilgrim is named Alice. She rescues a young French nobleman who has in his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pilgrim\",\n \"text\": \"The Prince and the Pilgrim The Prince and the Pilgrim is a 1995 fantasy novel by Mary Stewart. It is a stand-alone novel, has an oblique reference to King Arthur, and is not a part of the Merlin Trilogy. The Prince, the protagonist, is named Alexander. His father, Prince Baudouin, is murdered by the King of Cornwall, King March. When Alexander comes of age, he sets out to Camelot to seek justice from King Arthur and to avenge his father's death. The pilgrim is named Alice. She rescues a young French nobleman who has in his possession an enchanted silver\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11180416\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works\",\n \"text\": \"Works and Secretary for the Environment and Food Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works The Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works (), who heads the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, is responsible for public works projects, transport related issues and environmental protection. The position was created in 2002 together with the Principal Officials Accountability System by merging the previous positions of Secretary for Transport, Secretary for Works, and the environment portfolio of the Secretary for the Environment and Food. The position was abolished in 2007 when the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5632441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works\",\n \"text\": \"Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works The Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works (), who heads the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, is responsible for public works projects, transport related issues and environmental protection. The position was created in 2002 together with the Principal Officials Accountability System by merging the previous positions of Secretary for Transport, Secretary for Works, and the environment portfolio of the Secretary for the Environment and Food. The position was abolished in 2007 when the Environment, Transport and Works Bureau was abolished. |width=25% align=center|Preceded by:<br>Secretary for Transport, Secretary for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5632440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trouble In The Works\",\n \"text\": \"show is the two going back and forth on which products the workers no longer like. At the end, Mr. Fibbs asks what the workers would rather make, and Wills answers, \\\"Brandy balls\\\" (Pinter 239). \\\"Trouble in the Works\\\" was one of Harold Pinter's earlier works, written in 1959. This is one of a series of short sketch comedy, Sean Foley said, \\\"These are classic comedy sketches, some of them written for revues and cabaret nights, and there's this strain of surrealism...he got there 12 years before Monty Python,\\\" (Merritt). \\\"Trouble in the Works\\\" was written with five other sketches,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19749221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prince and the Pauper\",\n \"text\": \"Hayley Mills. The 21st episode of \\\"The Monkees\\\", aired on February 6, 1967, was entitled \\\"The Prince and the Paupers\\\". A 1975 BBC television adaptation starred Nicholas Lyndhurst. In a 1976 ABC Afterschool Special, Lance Kerwin played the dual role in a modern American-based adaptation of the story entitled \\\"P.J. and the President's Son.\\\" The BBC produced a television adaptation by writer Richard Harris, consisting of six thirty-minute episodes, in 1976. Nicholas Lyndhurst played both Prince Edward and Tom Canty. \\\"Ringo\\\", a 1978 TV special starring Ringo Starr, involves the former Beatles drummer trading places with a talentless look-alike. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1631979\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dream, and Other Poems\",\n \"text\": \"in Shakespeare’s works, such as the tragic romance in \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", and includes tempest imagery similar to that in both \\\"The Tempest\\\" and \\\"King Lear\\\". The Dream, and Other Poems The Dream, and Other Poems (1833) is a book of poems by Mrs George Lenox-Conyngham, also known as Elizabeth Emmet Lenox-Conyngham. It is her first known publication. Born Elizabeth Emmet, she was the only child of Robert Holmes (barrister) and Mary Anne Emmet. \\\"The Dream, and Other Poems\\\" by Mrs. George Lenox-Conyngham is a poetry collection published in 1833 in London by Edward Moxon, with 166 pages, containing 24\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20673278\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["mark twain","thomas jefferson snodgrass","sam clemens","samuel clements","twainesque","samuel langhorn clemens","mark twain","twain, mark","sergeant fathom","samuel longhorn clemens","samuel l. clemens","samuel langhorne clemens","sam langhorne clemens","samuel clemens","sl clemens","twainian","reports of my death are greatly exaggerated","soleather","w. epaminondas adrastus blab","samuel longhorne clemens","marc twain","samual clemens"],"string":"[\n \"mark twain\",\n \"thomas jefferson snodgrass\",\n \"sam clemens\",\n \"samuel clements\",\n \"twainesque\",\n \"samuel langhorn clemens\",\n \"mark twain\",\n \"twain, mark\",\n \"sergeant fathom\",\n \"samuel longhorn clemens\",\n \"samuel l. clemens\",\n \"samuel langhorne clemens\",\n \"sam langhorne clemens\",\n \"samuel clemens\",\n \"sl clemens\",\n \"twainian\",\n \"reports of my death are greatly exaggerated\",\n \"soleather\",\n \"w. epaminondas adrastus blab\",\n \"samuel longhorne clemens\",\n \"marc twain\",\n \"samual clemens\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78593,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"arboreal describes a creature which commonly lives in what?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"large perches in uncluttered environments. Many species of animals are arboreal, far too many to list individually. This list is of prominently or predominantly arboreal species and higher taxa. Arboreal locomotion Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. The habitats pose numerous mechanical challenges to animals moving through them and lead to a variety of anatomical, behavioral and ecological consequences as well as variations throughout different species. Furthermore, many of these same","psg_id":"10755783"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"large perches in uncluttered environments. Many species of animals are arboreal, far too many to list individually. This list is of prominently or predominantly arboreal species and higher taxa. Arboreal locomotion Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. The habitats pose numerous mechanical challenges to animals moving through them and lead to a variety of anatomical, behavioral and ecological consequences as well as variations throughout different species. Furthermore, many of these same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755783\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Creature Catalogue","text":"\"D&D\" game, no matter what level your characters are ... if you've ever felt constrained by the limited range of \"D&D\" monsters, then this book is for you.\" Creature Catalogue Creature Catalogue is a supplement for Basic \"Dungeons & Dragons\" first released in 1986, and updated in 1993. The \"Creature Catalogue\" is a supplement which describes over 200 monsters, most of which had been collected from \"D&D\" rules and modules, as well as 80 new monsters which had never been printed before; each monster is illustrated and indexed by habitat. In \"Creature Catalogue\" is collected all the creatures first presented","psg_id":"6052070"},{"title":"Creature Catalogue","text":"Creature Catalogue Creature Catalogue is a supplement for Basic \"Dungeons & Dragons\" first released in 1986, and updated in 1993. The \"Creature Catalogue\" is a supplement which describes over 200 monsters, most of which had been collected from \"D&D\" rules and modules, as well as 80 new monsters which had never been printed before; each monster is illustrated and indexed by habitat. In \"Creature Catalogue\" is collected all the creatures first presented in the official \"D&D\" adventure modules to that time, plus many new creatures and some converted from \"AD&D\". Also included is a comprehensive index of all \"D&D\" monsters","psg_id":"6052065"},{"title":"A Gentle Creature (film)","text":"A Gentle Creature (film) A Gentle Creature is a 2017 drama film directed by Sergei Loznitsa. The film was created as an international co-production between France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, Latvia, Ukraine and Lithuania. It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. The film is inspired by the short story of the same name by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. A woman lives alone on the outskirts of a village in Russia. One day she receives a parcel she had sent to her incarcerated husband, marked 'return to sender'. Shocked and","psg_id":"20101559"},{"title":"Creature of Havoc","text":"languages and elven magic. The player begins the adventure as the \"creature of havoc\" of the title, an unidentified, violent beast with no concept of who or where they are. The creature gradually recovers the ability to reason and communicate, and must learn what has happened and why. Because the creature cannot make its own decisions, it is governed by instinct. Once it finds the Vapour of Reason, it is able to make choices. The creature proceeds through the dungeon, killing a number of adventurers before finding the Vapour of Languages, which allows the creature to understand what others are","psg_id":"7510584"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"passive stability by hanging beneath the branch. Both pitching and tipping become irrelevant, as the only method of failure would be losing their grip. Arboreal species have behaviors specialized for moving in their habitats, most prominently in terms of posture and gait. Specifically, arboreal mammals take longer steps, extend their limbs further forwards and backwards during a step, adopt a more 'crouched' posture to lower their center of mass, and use a diagonal sequence gait. Arboreal locomotion allows animals access to different resources, depending upon their abilities. Larger species may be restricted to larger-diameter branches that can support their weight,","psg_id":"10755778"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"through. These obstructions may impede locomotion, or may be used as additional contact points to enhance it. While obstructions tend to impede limbed animals, they benefit snakes by providing anchor points. Arboreal organisms display many specializations for dealing with the mechanical challenges of moving through their habitats. Arboreal animals frequently have elongated limbs that help them cross gaps, reach fruit or other resources, test the firmness of support ahead, and in some cases, to brachiate. However, some species of lizard have reduced limb size that helps them avoid limb movement being obstructed by impinging branches. Many arboreal species, such as","psg_id":"10755773"},{"title":"Long-tongued arboreal mouse","text":"Long-tongued arboreal mouse The long-tongued arboreal mouse (\"Rhagomys longilingua\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in a variety of habitats, including dense forest, in Bolivia and Peru at elevations from on the eastern side of the Andes. The species is at least partly arboreal. It is distinguished from the Brazilian arboreal mouse (\"R. rufescens\"), the only other known member of \"Rhagomys\", by spiny fur and certain skull features such as the presence of beading in the interorbital region. The adult long-tongued arboreal mouse weighs in the range and has a tail that is","psg_id":"13544958"},{"title":"Clover (creature)","text":"of the \"Toronto Star\" thought that the \"main\" creature was disappointing, while he considered the \"mutant spider crabs\" that came from it as \"way scarier\". Lawrence Person of \"Locus Online\" describes it as \"like a cross between a truly giant mantis and Johnny the Skeletal Torso.\" Todd McCarthy of \"Variety\" found that the creature was more reassuring as it appeared more in the film, explaining, \"Its very nature as a walking, stalking being suggests it can somehow be killed by conventional means\". Chris Vognar of \"The Dallas Morning News\" applauded the creature's appearance as cinematic: Clover (creature) Clover is the","psg_id":"11464820"},{"title":"Creature from the Black Lagoon","text":"of the Creature\" wherein the Gill-man killed a guard in this fashion). \"Creature from the Black Lagoon\" spawned two sequels: \"Revenge of the Creature\" (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and \"The Creature Walks Among Us\" (1956), filmed in 2D. A comedic appearance with Abbott and Costello on an episode of \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" aired prior to the film's release. The appearance is commonly known as \"Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon\". In 1982, John Landis wanted Jack Arnold to direct a remake of the film,","psg_id":"798827"},{"title":"Creature from the Black Lagoon","text":"Colgate Comedy Hour\" aired prior to the film's release. The appearance is commonly known as \"Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon\". Ben Chapman reprised his role as the Gill-Man for the program. \"Creature from the Black Lagoon\" generated two sequels: \"Revenge of the Creature\" (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and \"The Creature Walks Among Us\" (1956), filmed in 2D. The creature, also known as the Gill-man, is usually counted among the classic Universal Monsters. A geology expedition in the Amazon uncovers fossilized evidence (a skeletal hand","psg_id":"798813"},{"title":"Brazilian arboreal mouse","text":"found in four other localities in Brazil, near Ubatuba in São Paulo State, including in Pincinguaba State Park, and near Viçosa in Minas Gerais State. It typically lives in Atlantic forest, often among bamboos, and also in modified forest habitats. Little is known about this species and its natural history. Several specimens were caught in pitfall traps sunk in the ground, but it is thought that it is an arboreal rodent, or one that scrambles among the undergrowth, because of the morphology of its feet. Examination of the stomach contents of one individual that was caught showed that it had","psg_id":"8706953"},{"title":"Long-tongued arboreal mouse","text":"because of its tolerance of several types of habitats, and because in the absence of any particular threats, it seems unlikely that it is declining at a sufficient rate to qualify for being included in a more threatened category. Long-tongued arboreal mouse The long-tongued arboreal mouse (\"Rhagomys longilingua\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in a variety of habitats, including dense forest, in Bolivia and Peru at elevations from on the eastern side of the Andes. The species is at least partly arboreal. It is distinguished from the Brazilian arboreal mouse (\"R. rufescens\"),","psg_id":"13544962"},{"title":"Yale (mythical creature)","text":"Yale (mythical creature) The yale or centicore (Latin: \"eale\") is a mythical beast found in European mythology and heraldry. Most descriptions make it an antelope- or goat-like four-legged creature with the tusks of a boar and large horns that it can swivel in any direction. The name might be derived from Hebrew יָעֵל (\"yael\"), meaning \"Ibex\". The yale was first written about by Pliny the Elder in Book VIII of his \"Natural History\": he describes the \"eale\" as a creature found in Aethiopia \"the size of a hippopotamus, with an elephant's tail, of a black or tawny colour, with the","psg_id":"2828052"},{"title":"Braves Bleacher Creature","text":"and special hats were giving out to all fans attending. Coffey continued to fill the Bleacher Creature role until the mascot was retired at the close of the 1981 Braves season. Dennis Coffey's notable quote when asked about being the Bleacher Creature was most commonly, \"It's fun if you like being green!\" Coffey obviously enjoyed being green as he was mentioned in many newspaper articles and press releases during his career with the Braves as being humorous, fun-loving and great with fans and kids alike. Braves Bleacher Creature The Atlanta Braves Bleacher Creature was a mascot for the Atlanta Braves","psg_id":"14578823"},{"title":"Creature in the Teacher","text":"Creature in the Teacher Creature in the Teacher is the 13th book in the Spooksville series. In the UK it is named \"Alien Invasion!\" Adam, Sally, Watch and the gang can't wait for the first day of school. Though, their new science teacher, Mr. Snakol, is \"very\" weird. Later in the day, everyone starts to think that he's an alien. Soon Sally goes missing and their suspicious grow. When the gang goes deeper into school grounds, they find out Mr. Snakol \"is\" an alien! Now the kids MUST find a way to stop him. What can a few kids do","psg_id":"14553818"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"and chamois. Their adaptations may include a soft rubbery pad between their hooves for grip, hooves with sharp keratin rims for lodging in small footholds, and prominent dew claws. The snow leopard, being a predator of such mountain caprids, also has spectacular balance and leaping abilities; being able to leap up to ≈17m (~50 ft). Other balancers and leapers include the mountain zebra, mountain tapir, and hyraxes. Brachiation is a specialized form of arboreal locomotion, used by primates to move very rapidly while hanging beneath branches. Arguably the epitome of arboreal locomotion, it involves swinging with the arms from one","psg_id":"10755780"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"its descent and prevent falling. Descent can be particularly problematic for many animals, and highly arboreal species often have specialized methods for controlling their descent. Due to the height of many branches and the potentially disastrous consequences of a fall, balance is of primary importance to arboreal animals. On horizontal and gently sloped branches, the primary problem is tipping to the side due to the narrow base of support. The narrower the branch, the greater the difficulty in balancing a given animal faces. On steep and vertical branches, tipping becomes less of an issue, and pitching backwards or slipping downwards","psg_id":"10755771"},{"title":"Arboreal salamander","text":"to 0.783 in ages >4 yr. These subspecies have been proposed in the past due to genetic and morphological differences, but they are not currently recognized. Arboreal salamander The arboreal salamander (\"Aneides lugubris\") is a species of climbing salamander. An insectivore, it is native to California and Baja California, where it is primarily associated with oak and sycamore woodlands, and thick chaparral. \"Aneides lugubris\" is SVL (snout-vent length), with plain purplish-brown coloring, usually spotted dorsally with gold or yellow, although it may also be unspotted. The tail is prehensile. The juvenile is dark overall, clouded with greyish color and fine","psg_id":"6693036"},{"title":"Monopod (creature)","text":"by a one-footed man, and Thorvald dies from an arrow-wound: Umberto Eco in his novel \"Baudolino\" describes a sciapod named Gavagai. The name of the creature \"Gavagai\" is a reference to Quine's example of indeterminacy of translation. Monopod (creature) Monopods (also sciapods, skiapods, skiapodes) are mythological dwarf-like creatures with a single, large foot extending from a leg centered in the middle of their bodies. The names \"monopod\" and \"skiapod\" (σκιάποδες) are both Greek, respectively meaning \"one-foot\" and \"shadow-foot\". Monopods appear in Aristophanes' play \"The Birds\", first performed in 414 BC. They are described by Pliny the Elder in his \"Natural","psg_id":"7626632"},{"title":"Arboreal salamander","text":"Arboreal salamander The arboreal salamander (\"Aneides lugubris\") is a species of climbing salamander. An insectivore, it is native to California and Baja California, where it is primarily associated with oak and sycamore woodlands, and thick chaparral. \"Aneides lugubris\" is SVL (snout-vent length), with plain purplish-brown coloring, usually spotted dorsally with gold or yellow, although it may also be unspotted. The tail is prehensile. The juvenile is dark overall, clouded with greyish color and fine yellow speckling on the back. It has rusty markings on the snout, tail, and on sides above the forelimbs. The male of this species can be","psg_id":"6693034"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"gravity. Many arboreal species lower their center of mass to reduce pitching and toppling movement when climbing. This may be accomplished by postural changes, altered body proportions, or smaller size. Small size provides many advantages to arboreal species: such as increasing the relative size of branches to the animal, lower center of mass, increased stability, lower mass (allowing movement on smaller branches), and the ability to move through more cluttered habitat. Size relating to weight affects gliding animals such as the reduced weight per snout-vent length for 'flying' frogs. Some species of primate, bat, and all species of sloth achieve","psg_id":"10755777"},{"title":"What Degree? Which University?","text":"their studying experiences. Handley resurrected the concept in 2010 with the help of a team of undergraduate students, and launched \"What Degree? Which University?\" as a website in August 2011. Six months after its launch, \"What Degree? Which University?\" had attracted more than 22,000 visitors and expanded to provide information about universities across Australia. Today, the website covers 23 Australian universities and is staffed by 17 undergraduate and postgraduate students Australia-wide, who manage and produce the content for the site. \"What Degree? Which University?\" claims to have had 77,500 visits to the website (55,000 of which being unique visitors) and","psg_id":"16721780"},{"title":"The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?","text":"The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened? The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened? is a 2015 American documentary film written and directed by Jon Schnepp and produced by his fiancee, Holly Payne. It chronicles the behind-the-scenes events surrounding the cancelled Tim Burton film \"Superman Lives\". Funding for the documentary was partially raised through a successful Kickstarter campaign and premiered on May 1, 2015 and was released through VOD on July 9, 2015. The documentary is a behind-the-scenes look at the 1996-97 pre-production of \"Superman Lives\", an intended reboot of the \"Superman\" film series based on the 1992 DC comic","psg_id":"18839538"},{"title":"Yale (mythical creature)","text":"to Yale's Davenport College and the pediment of Timothy Dwight College. The student-run campus radio station, WYBCX Yale Radio, uses the yale as its logo. Yale (mythical creature) The yale or centicore (Latin: \"eale\") is a mythical beast found in European mythology and heraldry. Most descriptions make it an antelope- or goat-like four-legged creature with the tusks of a boar and large horns that it can swivel in any direction. The name might be derived from Hebrew יָעֵל (\"yael\"), meaning \"Ibex\". The yale was first written about by Pliny the Elder in Book VIII of his \"Natural History\": he describes","psg_id":"2828056"},{"title":"Creature suit","text":"is Jim Henson's Creature Shop, or by individual special effects artists. Different body shapes of suits are made using foam padding covered by painted liquid latex (to simulate bare skin) or fake fur. Foam latex can also be used to create suits, and masks may sometimes be made out of fiberglass. More expensive suits have hairs hand-knitted into the foam to give a more realistic, movie-quality appearance, as well as animatronic parts. Sometimes, such suits are made by cosplayers, who make replicas of famous movie monsters. Some of the most commonly seen creature suits in cosplays are the Alien and","psg_id":"19369752"},{"title":"What Degree? Which University?","text":"450,000 page visits. What Degree? Which University? What Degree? Which University? is a free university student-run website that profiles the major Australian tertiary education institutions and their degree programs, as well as providing advice on the university experience. Its aim is to assist prospective and current Australian undergraduate students to make informed university decisions. The \"What Degree?\" and \"Which Uni?\" sections of the website provide information on Australian universities and their degree programs, along with profiles of current and former students who are currently or have formerly been enrolled in degree programs at particular institutions. The website also provides articles","psg_id":"16721781"},{"title":"What Degree? Which University?","text":"What Degree? Which University? What Degree? Which University? is a free university student-run website that profiles the major Australian tertiary education institutions and their degree programs, as well as providing advice on the university experience. Its aim is to assist prospective and current Australian undergraduate students to make informed university decisions. The \"What Degree?\" and \"Which Uni?\" sections of the website provide information on Australian universities and their degree programs, along with profiles of current and former students who are currently or have formerly been enrolled in degree programs at particular institutions. The website also provides articles and information on","psg_id":"16721778"},{"title":"Perfect Creature","text":"Cannes in 2005 it was announced that 20th Century Fox had purchased the North American theatrical rights, plus other key territories in what was the largest deal between a major American studio and a New Zealand film. \"Perfect Creature\" is the sixth most expensive New Zealand film ever made after \"The Lord of the Rings\" films, \"The Frighteners\" and \"The World's Fastest Indian\" respectively. The film was shot primarily around Dunedin and Oamaru in New Zealand's South Island. Perfect Creature Perfect Creature is a New Zealand made horror/thriller film from 2007, written and directed by Glenn Standring and starring Saffron","psg_id":"7179565"},{"title":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!","text":"year: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \"Boris Godunov\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the","psg_id":"11886157"},{"title":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!","text":"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \"Boris Godunov\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same","psg_id":"11886156"},{"title":"What Degree? Which University?","text":"student life, student housing, and graduate opportunities for university leavers through the \"Lifestyle\", \"Student Housing\", \"Survival Guide\" and \"After Uni\" sections. The creator of \"What Degree? Which University?\" is David Handley, who is also the founding director of international sculpture exhibition, \"Sculpture by the Sea\". Handley first conceptualised \"What Degree? Which University?\" whilst studying his final year of Law at the University of Sydney. In 1988, \"What Degree? Which University?\" initially took form through university seminars held at the University of Sydney, allowing prospective students to compare degree options by hearing current and former students of undergraduate degree programs discuss","psg_id":"16721779"},{"title":"Brazilian arboreal mouse","text":"eaten several species of ant. Brazilian arboreal mouse The Brazilian arboreal mouse (\"Rhagomys rufescens\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, often close to bamboo thickets. It can be distinguished from \"Rhagomys longilingua\", the only other species in its genus, by the absence of spines among the hair. Formerly believed to be extinct after no sightings were recorded for over 100 years, the species has since been found in four localities. However, it is nowhere common, and all of these are forest fragments, and ongoing deforestation threatens","psg_id":"8706954"},{"title":"Brazilian arboreal mouse","text":"Brazilian arboreal mouse The Brazilian arboreal mouse (\"Rhagomys rufescens\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, often close to bamboo thickets. It can be distinguished from \"Rhagomys longilingua\", the only other species in its genus, by the absence of spines among the hair. Formerly believed to be extinct after no sightings were recorded for over 100 years, the species has since been found in four localities. However, it is nowhere common, and all of these are forest fragments, and ongoing deforestation threatens the species' survival. For these","psg_id":"8706950"},{"title":"Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard","text":"disappearing. Some scientists estimate that the cloud forests will disappear in the near future. These cloud forests are a major place of biodiversity. \"A. montecristoi\" is just one of a vast number of species that call these forests home. Conservation efforts are currently being made by the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Initiative which is made up of three conservations program consisting of the United Nations Environment Program, the World Conservation Union, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard The Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard (\"Abronia montecristoi\" ) is an endangered species of lizard. This species","psg_id":"10161726"},{"title":"Creature (2011 film)","text":"the film, concluding, \"\"Creature\" is so laughably pathetic that it's worth a few chuckles, but the really amazing thing is that huckster Sid Sheinberg put up the cash to dump this slime-covered turd into more than 1,500 theaters nationwide, proving that hope, like evil swamp monsters, is eternal\". Mark Olsen of the \"Los Angeles Times\" called it a \"delightfully dopey\" film that \"has no illusions about what it is: a down-and-dirty, breasts-and-blood, creature-horror exploitation picture\". Creature (2011 film) Creature is a 2011 American monster horror film directed by Fred M. Andrews, based on a screenplay written by Andrews and Tracy","psg_id":"15656513"},{"title":"The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?","text":"and \"The Hollywood Reporter\" commented that \"Fanboys will relish this overstuffed doc about the Superman movie that never hit the screen\". IGN awarded it a score of 8 out of 10, saying, \"But even if you come out of the documentary thankful the plug was pulled, the personalities involved and the story’s [sic] they tell are worthwhile and offer some great insight into just what a struggle it can be when so many people try to work together to pull off a film of this scope.\" The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened? The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?","psg_id":"18839540"},{"title":"A Gentle Creature","text":"A Gentle Creature \"A Gentle Creature\" (), sometimes also translated as \"The Meek One\", is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1876. The piece comes with the subtitle of \"A Fantastic Story\", and it chronicles the relationship between a pawnbroker and a girl that frequents his shop. The story was inspired by a news report that Dostoyevsky read in April 1876 about the suicide of a seamstress. Dostoyevsky referred to it as a \"meek suicide\" that \"keeps haunting you for a long time.\" The story opens with the narrator in a frenzy about an apparent tragedy that has just","psg_id":"8805310"},{"title":"A Gentle Creature","text":"film: \"Dịu Dàng - Gentle\". Another 2015 adaption was the Russian film \"Клетка\" (\"The Cage\"). A Gentle Creature \"A Gentle Creature\" (), sometimes also translated as \"The Meek One\", is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1876. The piece comes with the subtitle of \"A Fantastic Story\", and it chronicles the relationship between a pawnbroker and a girl that frequents his shop. The story was inspired by a news report that Dostoyevsky read in April 1876 about the suicide of a seamstress. Dostoyevsky referred to it as a \"meek suicide\" that \"keeps haunting you for a long time.\" The","psg_id":"8805318"},{"title":"Creature animation","text":"earlier, in 1989, the pioneering digital animation studio Industrial Light & Magic created a water creature for the James Cameron film \"The Abyss\". Again, not knowing how a water creature might move, considerable effort was required by the animators to imagine how such a creature might perform and behave. Creature animation Creature animation is a specialised part of the animation process which involves bringing realistic animals and creatures to life. It is often distinguished from character animation, which involves breathing life into animated characters and creating the illusion of thought, feeling and emotion. Creature animators create highly realistic motion in","psg_id":"16810378"},{"title":"Creature worship","text":"Creature worship In contrast with worship of a Creator deity, the theological term creature worship refers unflatteringly to veneration of that which is created. In the biblical worldview, creature worship is seen as analogous to a reversal of the relationship between God and creature or the reversal of mindedness, which places power in the handiwork. Creature worship may include: Animal worship, Animism,Cult of personality,Household deity, Idolatry, Nature worship, and/or Pantheism. In some Christian denominations and even in the early development of the Christian church, the veneration of saints is considered creature worship. It is based on the view that Christians","psg_id":"14299287"},{"title":"Black & White: Creature Isle","text":"It will ask for food, attention, and playtime. The player can put Tyke into a daycare, relieving the creature of his fatherly duties. But if it is kept in there for too long, the advisers will complain, and Tyke will get angry. During the trial in which the player raises Tyke, they are encouraged to teach it. The advisers will tell the player when they are ignoring Tyke. Tyke can learn miracles also, which adds more impressiveness. It will also learn and try to mimic what the creature does. It will try to have a similar personality, too. After beating","psg_id":"6046093"},{"title":"Panther (legendary creature)","text":"creature are pantera, pantere, and love cervere. Usually depicted as a type of cat, the panther was at times depicted in other forms. It was depicted as a donkey, as a composite creature with a horned head, long neck and a horse's body, and as a host of other forms. (The word \"panther\", in Greek, could be interpreted as \"every wild beast\", supporting the idea of a composite creature.) This was mostly because those involved did not know what a panther should look like; but, in some instances, this was due to cultural influences. In Germany in particular, the panther","psg_id":"6917014"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"type of grip depends upon the angle of the frictional force, thus upon the diameter of the branch, with larger branches resulting in reduced gripping ability. Animals other than primates that use gripping in climbing include the chameleon, which has mitten-like grasping feet, and many birds that grip branches in perching or moving about. To control descent, especially down large diameter branches, some arboreal animals such as squirrels have evolved highly mobile ankle joints that permit rotating the foot into a 'reversed' posture. This allows the claws to hook into the rough surface of the bark, opposing the force of","psg_id":"10755776"},{"title":"Creating Our Own Lives","text":"people like you.\" The second season is anticipated for release in 2017. Creating Our Own Lives Creating Our Own Lives is a public radio podcast, from Krista Tippett Public Productions (KTPP), hosted by Lily Percy. The first season was released in 2016 on the theme of running, though the subject of the podcast is much broader. It describes itself as: \"We’re called to create a better world, but what about the more immediate task of creating our own lives? Inspired by a quote of Thomas Merton and hosted by Lily Percy, a podcast exploring questions about running as spiritual practice,","psg_id":"20194706"},{"title":"Arboreal locomotion","text":"moving beyond the edge of the branch, resulting in a tendency to topple over. Additionally, foot placement is constrained by the need to make contact with the narrow branch. This narrowness severely restricts the range of movements and postures an animal can use to move. Branches are frequently oriented at an angle to gravity in arboreal habitats, including being vertical, which poses special problems. As an animal moves up an inclined branch, they must fight the force of gravity to raise their body, making the movement more difficult. Conversely, as the animal descends, it must also fight gravity to control","psg_id":"10755770"},{"title":"Creating Our Own Lives","text":"Creating Our Own Lives Creating Our Own Lives is a public radio podcast, from Krista Tippett Public Productions (KTPP), hosted by Lily Percy. The first season was released in 2016 on the theme of running, though the subject of the podcast is much broader. It describes itself as: \"We’re called to create a better world, but what about the more immediate task of creating our own lives? Inspired by a quote of Thomas Merton and hosted by Lily Percy, a podcast exploring questions about running as spiritual practice, humor as a tool for survival, and movies as church — featuring","psg_id":"20194705"},{"title":"Creature from the Black Lagoon","text":"claim the lives of Lucas's crew members, before the creature is captured and locked in a cage aboard the \"Rita\". It escapes during the night, attacking Edwin, who was guarding it. Kay smashes the creature with a lantern, driving it off, but Edwin is severely injured. Following this incident, David decides they should return to civilization. Mark, obsessed with capturing (or killing) the creature, objects. As the \"Rita\" tries to leave, they find the lagoon's entrance blocked by fallen logs, courtesy of the Gill-man. While the others attempt to remove the logs, Mark is mauled to death while trying to","psg_id":"798818"},{"title":"Creature worship","text":"goal to achieve \"nirvana\", the soul experiences rebirth in the form of different creatures. It is, thus, accepted to worship nature in all of its elements because it signifies respect for the environment as well as the worship for one's ancestors. Creature worship In contrast with worship of a Creator deity, the theological term creature worship refers unflatteringly to veneration of that which is created. In the biblical worldview, creature worship is seen as analogous to a reversal of the relationship between God and creature or the reversal of mindedness, which places power in the handiwork. Creature worship may include:","psg_id":"14299289"},{"title":"What Hetty Did","text":"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward","psg_id":"11856925"},{"title":"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat","text":"and lips, large claws, and a line of white fur running down its head. It is in length, with a tail of . It weighs . Ashaninka arboreal chinchilla rats live in dwarf forest and are hunted by long-tailed weasels. When described, it was placed in the family Abrocomidae, but was considered different enough from existing species for the creation of the genus \"Cuscomys\". Since then, the Machu Picchu arboreal chinchilla rat (\"Cuscomys oblativus\"), a species of chinchilla rats originally placed in the genus \"Abrocoma\", has been shown to be a member of \"Cuscomys\". Although it was considered extinct by","psg_id":"7854671"},{"title":"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat","text":"the IUCN at the time, photos of a rodent showing some similarities to \"C. ashaninka\" taken at Machu Picchu in late 2009 may show \"C. oblativus\". Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat The Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat (\"Cuscomys ashaninka\") is a large species of chinchilla rats from the Andes of far northern Cusco in Peru. It was first scientifically described in 1999. The first specimen of this species was discovered by Dr. Louise Emmons, a researcher of the Smithsonian Institution from Washington, D.C., who found it by chance while climbing in the Vilcabamba Mountains near Machu Picchu. Emmons named the genus after","psg_id":"7854672"},{"title":"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat","text":"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat The Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat (\"Cuscomys ashaninka\") is a large species of chinchilla rats from the Andes of far northern Cusco in Peru. It was first scientifically described in 1999. The first specimen of this species was discovered by Dr. Louise Emmons, a researcher of the Smithsonian Institution from Washington, D.C., who found it by chance while climbing in the Vilcabamba Mountains near Machu Picchu. Emmons named the genus after the city of Cusco, and she named the species for the Asháninka people who live in Peru. The animal has grey fur, with a white nose","psg_id":"7854670"},{"title":"Anzuetoi arboreal alligator lizard","text":"Anzuetoi arboreal alligator lizard Anzueto's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia anzuetoi ) is a species of lizards in the family Anguidae. The species is endemic to Volcán de Agua in Guatemala. The specific name, \"anzuetoi\" is in honor of Guatemalan naturalist Roderico Anzueto, who collected the holotype. The extent of occurrence of \"A. anzuetoi\" is approximately 24 km (9.3 mi), and thus the species is considered Vulnerable by the IUCN. Anthropogenic impact is minimized by the fact that its native habitat has many landmines, and surrounding coffee plantations have been abandoned. \"A. anzuetoi\" is found at elevations from on Volcán de","psg_id":"18123689"},{"title":"Alien (creature in Alien franchise)","text":"the creature in its original form; it has a single large eye under its natural silicon/keratin forehead which can give the creature 180-degree vision. The Aliens' inner set of jaws are powerful enough to smash through bone and metal. How the creatures see is uncertain; in \"Alien 3\", a spherical lens was used to illustrate the Alien's point of view, so, when the film was projected anamorphically, the image exhibited severe distortion. In the novelization of the movie \"Alien\", the creature is held mesmerized by a spinning green light for several minutes. In \"Aliens\", the adult creatures have a more","psg_id":"3022261"},{"title":"Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard","text":"in protected areas such as Mario Dary Rivera Protected Biotope and Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve. Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard The brilliant arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia gaiophantasma) is a species of lizard endemic to the mountains of east-central Guatemala, from the Sierra de las Minas east to the Chilascó region. It occurs at elevations of 1,600–2,650 m, and can be found in pine–oak and cloud forests of lower montane wet forests. Its extent of occurrence is estimated at only 750 km, and has been declared endangered. Threats to this species include habitat loss from agriculture, and the exportation of","psg_id":"18123700"},{"title":"Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard","text":"Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard The brilliant arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia gaiophantasma) is a species of lizard endemic to the mountains of east-central Guatemala, from the Sierra de las Minas east to the Chilascó region. It occurs at elevations of 1,600–2,650 m, and can be found in pine–oak and cloud forests of lower montane wet forests. Its extent of occurrence is estimated at only 750 km, and has been declared endangered. Threats to this species include habitat loss from agriculture, and the exportation of ornamental \"Chamaedaphne calyculata\" plants, conversion of habitats to pine plantations, and intentional fires. It can be found","psg_id":"18123699"},{"title":"3D Virtual Creature Evolution","text":"(from zero, as not having an influence on fitness, to one, or having maximum influence) to determine the fitness goal. What generations the fitness function applies to can also be set. The environment, or “Terrain”, is then determined. This includes a flat plain, bumpy terrain (in which a hill is generated around creature that constantly inclines as distance is traveled from the creature’s spawning point), water (a low gravity simulator, non-functional), and “spheres” (spheres are generated above creature to catch). Everything in the simulation is viewed from a first person viewpoint. After settings are determined, the first generation is generated","psg_id":"15886843"},{"title":"Creature Comforts","text":"things to come in British television advertising. Many commentators believe that there was a fundamental shift in television advertising from the unbridled consumerism and egoism of the 1980s to what is sometimes termed a more \"caring\" approach in the 1990s. The \"Creature Comforts\" advertisements are cited as an early example of this phenomenon. The format of the \"Creature Comforts\" advertisements was so successful that it was replicated in other campaigns in the following decades. In later years, however, members of the public became increasingly conscious of the potential uses of their \"vox pop\" interviews. This made it difficult to recapture","psg_id":"1662645"},{"title":"Creature Commandos","text":"Creature Commandos The Creature Commandos are a fictional DC Comics team of military superhumans originally set in World War II. The original team was introduced in \"Weird War Tales\" #93 (November 1980). The modern team first appeared in their own mini-series \"Creature Commandos\" #1 May 2000; this version was written by Tim Truman and drawn by Scot Eaton. Asked how the Creature Commandos came about, writer J. M. DeMatteis recalled, Project M is a secret government organization which began during World War II and specializes in experimental biotechnology and necromancy. Known creations of the Project beside the Creature Commandos include","psg_id":"8198076"},{"title":"Brazilian arboreal mouse","text":"reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being \"near-threatened\". The Brazilian arboreal mouse is a small mouse with small rounded ears and vibrissae (whiskers) long enough to reach the ears. The dorsal fur is reddish-brown which gradually fades to reddish-grey on the ventral surface. The hair is soft, and this distinguishes \"Rhagomys rufescens\" from the only other species in the genus, \"Rhagomys longilingua\", which has spines mixed in with the hairs. They also differ in certain skull characteristics, and their ranges do not overlap. The head-and-body length slightly exceeds the tail length. The","psg_id":"8706951"},{"title":"Panther (legendary creature)","text":"is often depicted in heraldry as a creature with four horns, cow's ears and a fiery red tongue. An example of the former is the flag and coat of arms of the city of Cres, Croatia. In heraldry the panther is commonly used in a form known as the Panther Incensed. In this form, the panther is depicted with flames coming from its mouth and ears, representing the panther's sweet odour. The heraldic panther is usually shown with coloured spots (semée of roundels), which are frequently blue and red. The arms of the Worshipful Company of Dyers, however, have as","psg_id":"6917015"},{"title":"Creature Catalogue","text":"of the player characters, originally printed in the Master Set, is reproduced in the introduction. Each creature is listed with appropriate \"D&D\" statistics and a short description of the creature, its abilities and tactics. A variety of authors and artists combined to the listings including Zeb Cook and Gary Gygax. AC9 \"Creature Catalogue\" was compiled by Graeme Morris, Phil Gallagher, and Jim Bambra, and was published by TSR in 1986. The \"Creature Catalogue\" is in the format of a 96-page perfect-bound book, which TSR had been adopting more frequently at the time. Cover art is by Keith Parkinson. An updated","psg_id":"6052067"},{"title":"Creature template","text":"Edition game's Dungeon Master's Guide, which features tables to aid in the \"random generation of creatures from the lower planes\". Subsequent other First Edition handbooks, notably the Monster Manual II, as well as Dragon Magazine, featured additional early monster generation templates. Creature template In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" game, a template can be applied to a creature to enhance its abilities or to even create a new type of creature. Templates can be either acquired or inherited. An acquired template can be applied to a creature at any point (assuming it meets the prerequisites for the template), while an inherited","psg_id":"8368590"},{"title":"Creature Commandos","text":"took control of the Creature Commandos to attack the old JLI embassy. During the battle Max reveals himself while posing as one of the Creature Commandos, in which he captures the Blue Beetle and escapes. Shortly thereafter the Creature Commandos were broken free from Max's influence, realizing they do not know why they are so far from their Project M base. In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, a new version of the Creature Commandos were introduced and featured in the pages of \"Frankenstein, Agent of S.H.A.D.E.\". This incarnation of the team works as","psg_id":"8198088"},{"title":"Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard","text":"Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard The Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard (\"Abronia montecristoi\" ) is an endangered species of lizard. This species is distributed in the cloud forests of El Salvador as well as Honduras. This species is classified as Endangered by the IUCN Red List The specific name, \"montecristoi\", refers to the type locality, \"\"Hacienda Montecristo\" \". While there is not much known about \"A. montecristoi\", and described the color of the back as antique brown, with pale, cinnamon-colored crossbands, with the color buff-yellow on the sides. The head is also colored cinnamon. The scales on the top of","psg_id":"10161723"},{"title":"Creature of the Walking Dead","text":"tension. Fred Olen Ray said \"Whenever the original Spanish cast members are called upon to speak, we are treated to a constant stream of voice-over narration, supplied by the grandson, who conveniently explains what they are saying...Bruno Ve Sota, receiving one of cinema's longest arm massages, rattles on incessantly...It is maddening.\" Creature of the Walking Dead Creature of the Walking Dead is a 1965 horror film adapted by Jerry Warren from a 1961 Mexican horror film \"La Marca del Muerto\", which translates as \"Mark of the Dead Man\". The original Mexican film was directed by Fernando Cortés, written by Alfredo","psg_id":"15908447"},{"title":"Creature Songs","text":"the balls to do just that.\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Creature Songs\". Creature Songs Creature Songs is the second extended play (EP) by English alternative rock band Wolf Alice. It was released on 26 May 2014 through Dirty Hit. The EP was produced by Catherine Marks. The EP was preceded by the release of \"Moaning Lisa Smile\", which was uploaded to the band's SoundCloud page. Barnabas Abraham of \"The 405\" said \"\"Creature Songs\" features a more aggressive edge that marks itself on the EP's opening two tracks, and overall the EP is another refreshing sample of a","psg_id":"20751132"},{"title":"Creature Features","text":"likely to stay home on those nights. These are the major metropolitan areas of the United States in which \"Creature Features\" was seen: North Carolina channel 6 every Friday night at midnight \"Creature Features\" can be said to be one of the most popular horror shows in the United States. In all \"Creature Features\" was televised in almost 100 cities nationwide, throughout the 1960s to the 1990s, with more than 6,000 broadcasts aired, and more than 4,500 movies shown. This makes the program the most prolific horror show in U.S. television history. \"Creature Features\" was broadcast in the New York","psg_id":"9484481"},{"title":"Creature animation","text":"Creature animation Creature animation is a specialised part of the animation process which involves bringing realistic animals and creatures to life. It is often distinguished from character animation, which involves breathing life into animated characters and creating the illusion of thought, feeling and emotion. Creature animators create highly realistic motion in animals or creatures; examples include the dinosaurs animated in the 1993 Steven Spielberg film \"Jurassic Park\". Since dinosaurs cannot be filmed or observed in motion, the animators studied other living creatures such as birds and lizards in order to re-create how a dinosaur might move and behave. Fours year","psg_id":"16810377"},{"title":"The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives","text":"which our money is wasted by what he calls the military industrial technological entertainment academic media corporate matrix, or 'The Complex' for short\". The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives is a book about the United States military, written by journalist Nick Turse. It was published in 2008 in hardcover format by Metropolitan Books. The book describes the vast changes in the industrial complex of the U.S. military from the days of President Dwight D. Eisenhower to 2008, its effect on American society, and how the military and private","psg_id":"12707779"},{"title":"The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?","text":"\"The Death of Superman\", that was cancelled only three weeks before filming was set to begin in April 1998. In the film, Schnepp interviews several people involved with the development of the project and features numerous conceptual artwork and designs intended for the visual look of \"Superman Lives\". Director Jon Schnepp interviews the following subjects in the film: Critical reception for \"The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?\" has been predominantly positive. The film currently holds an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 13 reviews, with an average of 7.2/10. \"Forbes\" and \"The Hollywood Reporter\" both wrote positive reviews,","psg_id":"18839539"},{"title":"Bucca (mythological creature)","text":"(the area now known as Newlyn Cliff). The Tale of the Sea Bucca describes the Bucca inhabiting Lamorna Cove with the dark brown skin of a conger eel and a tangle of seaweed for hair and given to swimming in the waves, lying in the sea caverns or sitting among the rocks with the birds. He was a very lonely creature who had once been a human prince cursed by a witch, but was very fond of children. He assisted the Lamorna fishermen by driving fish into their nets and crabs into their pots, yet was capable of terrible vengeance","psg_id":"9548575"},{"title":"Creature type (Dungeons & Dragons)","text":"Creature type (Dungeons & Dragons) In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game, creature types are rough categories of creatures which determine the way game mechanics affect the creature. In the 3rd edition and related games, there are between thirteen and seventeen creature types. Creature type is determined by the designer of a monster, based upon its nature or physical attributes. The choice of type is important, as all creatures which have a given type will share certain characteristics (with some exceptions). In 3rd and 3.5 editions, type determines features such as hit dice, base attack bonus, saving throws, and","psg_id":"7918021"},{"title":"Alien (creature in Alien franchise)","text":"an aquatic face-hugger and a four-legged version of the adult Alien. Giger said in an interview \"I had special ideas to make it more interesting. I designed a new creature, which was much more elegant and beastly, compared to my original. It was a four-legged Alien, more like a lethal feline—a panther or something. It had a kind of skin that was built up from other creatures—much like a symbiosis.\" However, when Tom Woodruff and Alec Gillis of Amalgamated Dynamics told Giger that they had their own design, Giger expressed himself as \"very upset\" and that the creature he had","psg_id":"3022298"},{"title":"Creature (miniseries)","text":"creature. The creature quickly gains the upper hand and almost kills Chase. Max uses Peniston's sound device to distract the creature. It attacks him, but he uses a zipline to escape. Peniston takes the sound device and lures the creature into the pressure chamber. Dr. Chase urges Peniston not to stay in the pressure chamber with the creature, but Peniston refuses to leave saying he can't let the creature die alone. Dr. Chase locks them in and activates it, building greater and greater pressure. The creature kills Peniston. Chase allows the pressure to build up very high then smashes the","psg_id":"14758276"},{"title":"Creature Catalogue","text":"recommend it. Brinsley felt that organizing the book in sections by type of creature rather than just alphabetically like \"AD&D\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s \"Monster Manual\"s \"should certainly make life easier for those DMs who design their own adventures, and know what sort of monster they want, rather than by name\". He also felt that the comprehensive references to all the monsters appearing in the \"D&D\" boxed sets would solve the problem of having to remember in which set a particular monster appears. He concluded the review by stating, \"basically, this book contains all you could ever wish to know about monsters in the","psg_id":"6052069"},{"title":"What a Waste","text":"What a Waste \"What a Waste\" is a song and single by Ian Dury and the Blockheads, originally released in 1978 on the Stiff Records single BUY 27 \"What a Waste\" / \"Wake Up and Make Love with Me\". The song has remained in The Blockheads' set following Dury's death. Essentially a song about being in a job that makes you happy, Dury claimed in a 1984 interview with \"Penthouse\" that while not condemning 9-to-5 jobs, he had written the song to make people question their lives, echoing the sentiments of his earlier single \"Sex and Drugs and Rock and","psg_id":"9717344"},{"title":"A Creature I Don't Know","text":"the year in the iTunes rewind 2011. Both \"Mojo\" and \"Uncut\" placed the album at number 11 on their lists of \"Top 50 albums of 2011\". All songs were written by Laura Marling. (\"Flicker and Fail\" came from a song by Marling's father.) A Creature I Don't Know A Creature I Don't Know is the third studio album by British singer-songwriter Laura Marling, released on 9 September 2011. The album was announced in June 2011, along with a preview of a new song, featured in a video posted on Laura Marling's official YouTube channel. The first track from the album","psg_id":"15701691"},{"title":"A Creature I Don't Know","text":"A Creature I Don't Know A Creature I Don't Know is the third studio album by British singer-songwriter Laura Marling, released on 9 September 2011. The album was announced in June 2011, along with a preview of a new song, featured in a video posted on Laura Marling's official YouTube channel. The first track from the album to receive radio airplay was \"Sophia\", on 25 July 2011 on BBC Radio 1. The \"When The Bell Tolls\" tour of America, Canada and England was announced on 25 July, and took place in September and October 2011 to support the album. On","psg_id":"15701679"},{"title":"Creature (miniseries)","text":"the creature. Peniston replies that it was because they used his blood to help create it and that the creature is a part of him. They use Robin with a camera attached to her back to locate the creature. It locates the beast's lair, but before they can retrieve her, the creature attacks and the camera goes blank. Tall Man and Peniston enter the tunnel shortly after. They see the creature eating Robin. Tall Man shoots at the creature but Peniston interferes. The creature injures Tall Man. Dr. Chase arrives and helps Tall Man escape, but are pursued by the","psg_id":"14758275"},{"title":"Creature Crunch","text":"Creature Crunch Creature Crunch is a 1996 animated point-and-click adventure game released for personal computers, developed by TechToons and Class6 Interactive. In the game, the player controls Wesley, a boy who is transformed into a human-monster hybrid by a mad scientist. Wesley has to escape the scientist's mansion, exploring its rooms and eating items which will help him defeat each room's guardians. Creature Crunch features the voices of comedians Martin Short and Eugene Levy. The boy Wesley (voiced by Short) is riding his bike during a storm. He stops in front of a mansion looking for shelter. Wesley is captured","psg_id":"19999860"},{"title":"Creature (band)","text":"Creature (band) Creature is a Canadian pop rock band formed in 2004 in Montreal. The band formed in 2004 and names themselves \"Pawel Czuraj\" and released a debut album \"No Sleep At All\" on March 3, 2008. The following year, No Sleep At All became a nominee in the \"Pop Album of The Year\" category at the Juno Awards of 2009. The band's sound incorporates elements of hip hop, dance-punk and new wave music. All the band's members contribute vocals to the music, which adds to the constant boy-girl dialogue in the songs. In 2005, Creature opened for Our Lady","psg_id":"12028731"},{"title":"Creature Features","text":"another ghoul, dressed in undertaker's attire, running outside and inside the Studios to a fast-paced instrumental tune. \"Creature Features\" which aired on ATN-7 Channel 7 was hosted by \"Vampira\" – played by Jill Forster. During Halloween 2001, Cinemax broadcast a series of five television movies they called \"Creature Features\": Each reused the title of a low-budget movie produced by American International Pictures during the 1950s. Some of the new movies were remakes of the earlier films, and some only had the title in common. In 1975, Research Games Inc. released a board game based on \"Creature Features.\" The gameplay greatly","psg_id":"9484503"},{"title":"Creature suit","text":"movements slowly and deliberately to emulate a slow moving creature. Creature suit Creature suits are realistic costumes used to disguise a performer as an animal, monster, or other being. They are used in film, television, or as costumed characters in live events. Unlike mascots, they are often made with a high degree of realism. In contrast with prosthetic makeup, which is applied to an actor's skin, the wearer is not normally visible outside their movements controlling the costume, although in some cases, part of the wearer's body is still visible (such as in the case of mermaids or other half-human","psg_id":"19369757"},{"title":"Creature Crunch","text":"enjoyable\". The game artwork reminded him of John Kricfalusi style. Creature Crunch Creature Crunch is a 1996 animated point-and-click adventure game released for personal computers, developed by TechToons and Class6 Interactive. In the game, the player controls Wesley, a boy who is transformed into a human-monster hybrid by a mad scientist. Wesley has to escape the scientist's mansion, exploring its rooms and eating items which will help him defeat each room's guardians. Creature Crunch features the voices of comedians Martin Short and Eugene Levy. The boy Wesley (voiced by Short) is riding his bike during a storm. He stops in","psg_id":"19999862"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Catalogue\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"D&D\\\" game, no matter what level your characters are ... if you've ever felt constrained by the limited range of \\\"D&D\\\" monsters, then this book is for you.\\\" Creature Catalogue Creature Catalogue is a supplement for Basic \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" first released in 1986, and updated in 1993. The \\\"Creature Catalogue\\\" is a supplement which describes over 200 monsters, most of which had been collected from \\\"D&D\\\" rules and modules, as well as 80 new monsters which had never been printed before; each monster is illustrated and indexed by habitat. In \\\"Creature Catalogue\\\" is collected all the creatures first presented\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6052070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Catalogue\",\n \"text\": \"Creature Catalogue Creature Catalogue is a supplement for Basic \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" first released in 1986, and updated in 1993. The \\\"Creature Catalogue\\\" is a supplement which describes over 200 monsters, most of which had been collected from \\\"D&D\\\" rules and modules, as well as 80 new monsters which had never been printed before; each monster is illustrated and indexed by habitat. In \\\"Creature Catalogue\\\" is collected all the creatures first presented in the official \\\"D&D\\\" adventure modules to that time, plus many new creatures and some converted from \\\"AD&D\\\". Also included is a comprehensive index of all \\\"D&D\\\" monsters\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6052065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Gentle Creature (film)\",\n \"text\": \"A Gentle Creature (film) A Gentle Creature is a 2017 drama film directed by Sergei Loznitsa. The film was created as an international co-production between France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, Latvia, Ukraine and Lithuania. It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. The film is inspired by the short story of the same name by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. A woman lives alone on the outskirts of a village in Russia. One day she receives a parcel she had sent to her incarcerated husband, marked 'return to sender'. Shocked and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20101559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature of Havoc\",\n \"text\": \"languages and elven magic. The player begins the adventure as the \\\"creature of havoc\\\" of the title, an unidentified, violent beast with no concept of who or where they are. The creature gradually recovers the ability to reason and communicate, and must learn what has happened and why. Because the creature cannot make its own decisions, it is governed by instinct. Once it finds the Vapour of Reason, it is able to make choices. The creature proceeds through the dungeon, killing a number of adventurers before finding the Vapour of Languages, which allows the creature to understand what others are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7510584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"passive stability by hanging beneath the branch. Both pitching and tipping become irrelevant, as the only method of failure would be losing their grip. Arboreal species have behaviors specialized for moving in their habitats, most prominently in terms of posture and gait. Specifically, arboreal mammals take longer steps, extend their limbs further forwards and backwards during a step, adopt a more 'crouched' posture to lower their center of mass, and use a diagonal sequence gait. Arboreal locomotion allows animals access to different resources, depending upon their abilities. Larger species may be restricted to larger-diameter branches that can support their weight,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"through. These obstructions may impede locomotion, or may be used as additional contact points to enhance it. While obstructions tend to impede limbed animals, they benefit snakes by providing anchor points. Arboreal organisms display many specializations for dealing with the mechanical challenges of moving through their habitats. Arboreal animals frequently have elongated limbs that help them cross gaps, reach fruit or other resources, test the firmness of support ahead, and in some cases, to brachiate. However, some species of lizard have reduced limb size that helps them avoid limb movement being obstructed by impinging branches. Many arboreal species, such as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long-tongued arboreal mouse\",\n \"text\": \"Long-tongued arboreal mouse The long-tongued arboreal mouse (\\\"Rhagomys longilingua\\\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in a variety of habitats, including dense forest, in Bolivia and Peru at elevations from on the eastern side of the Andes. The species is at least partly arboreal. It is distinguished from the Brazilian arboreal mouse (\\\"R. rufescens\\\"), the only other known member of \\\"Rhagomys\\\", by spiny fur and certain skull features such as the presence of beading in the interorbital region. The adult long-tongued arboreal mouse weighs in the range and has a tail that is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13544958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clover (creature)\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"Toronto Star\\\" thought that the \\\"main\\\" creature was disappointing, while he considered the \\\"mutant spider crabs\\\" that came from it as \\\"way scarier\\\". Lawrence Person of \\\"Locus Online\\\" describes it as \\\"like a cross between a truly giant mantis and Johnny the Skeletal Torso.\\\" Todd McCarthy of \\\"Variety\\\" found that the creature was more reassuring as it appeared more in the film, explaining, \\\"Its very nature as a walking, stalking being suggests it can somehow be killed by conventional means\\\". Chris Vognar of \\\"The Dallas Morning News\\\" applauded the creature's appearance as cinematic: Clover (creature) Clover is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11464820\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature from the Black Lagoon\",\n \"text\": \"of the Creature\\\" wherein the Gill-man killed a guard in this fashion). \\\"Creature from the Black Lagoon\\\" spawned two sequels: \\\"Revenge of the Creature\\\" (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and \\\"The Creature Walks Among Us\\\" (1956), filmed in 2D. A comedic appearance with Abbott and Costello on an episode of \\\"The Colgate Comedy Hour\\\" aired prior to the film's release. The appearance is commonly known as \\\"Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon\\\". In 1982, John Landis wanted Jack Arnold to direct a remake of the film,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"798827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature from the Black Lagoon\",\n \"text\": \"Colgate Comedy Hour\\\" aired prior to the film's release. The appearance is commonly known as \\\"Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon\\\". Ben Chapman reprised his role as the Gill-Man for the program. \\\"Creature from the Black Lagoon\\\" generated two sequels: \\\"Revenge of the Creature\\\" (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and \\\"The Creature Walks Among Us\\\" (1956), filmed in 2D. The creature, also known as the Gill-man, is usually counted among the classic Universal Monsters. A geology expedition in the Amazon uncovers fossilized evidence (a skeletal hand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"798813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brazilian arboreal mouse\",\n \"text\": \"found in four other localities in Brazil, near Ubatuba in São Paulo State, including in Pincinguaba State Park, and near Viçosa in Minas Gerais State. It typically lives in Atlantic forest, often among bamboos, and also in modified forest habitats. Little is known about this species and its natural history. Several specimens were caught in pitfall traps sunk in the ground, but it is thought that it is an arboreal rodent, or one that scrambles among the undergrowth, because of the morphology of its feet. Examination of the stomach contents of one individual that was caught showed that it had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8706953\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long-tongued arboreal mouse\",\n \"text\": \"because of its tolerance of several types of habitats, and because in the absence of any particular threats, it seems unlikely that it is declining at a sufficient rate to qualify for being included in a more threatened category. Long-tongued arboreal mouse The long-tongued arboreal mouse (\\\"Rhagomys longilingua\\\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in a variety of habitats, including dense forest, in Bolivia and Peru at elevations from on the eastern side of the Andes. The species is at least partly arboreal. It is distinguished from the Brazilian arboreal mouse (\\\"R. rufescens\\\"),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13544962\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yale (mythical creature)\",\n \"text\": \"Yale (mythical creature) The yale or centicore (Latin: \\\"eale\\\") is a mythical beast found in European mythology and heraldry. Most descriptions make it an antelope- or goat-like four-legged creature with the tusks of a boar and large horns that it can swivel in any direction. The name might be derived from Hebrew יָעֵל (\\\"yael\\\"), meaning \\\"Ibex\\\". The yale was first written about by Pliny the Elder in Book VIII of his \\\"Natural History\\\": he describes the \\\"eale\\\" as a creature found in Aethiopia \\\"the size of a hippopotamus, with an elephant's tail, of a black or tawny colour, with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2828052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Braves Bleacher Creature\",\n \"text\": \"and special hats were giving out to all fans attending. Coffey continued to fill the Bleacher Creature role until the mascot was retired at the close of the 1981 Braves season. Dennis Coffey's notable quote when asked about being the Bleacher Creature was most commonly, \\\"It's fun if you like being green!\\\" Coffey obviously enjoyed being green as he was mentioned in many newspaper articles and press releases during his career with the Braves as being humorous, fun-loving and great with fans and kids alike. Braves Bleacher Creature The Atlanta Braves Bleacher Creature was a mascot for the Atlanta Braves\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14578823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature in the Teacher\",\n \"text\": \"Creature in the Teacher Creature in the Teacher is the 13th book in the Spooksville series. In the UK it is named \\\"Alien Invasion!\\\" Adam, Sally, Watch and the gang can't wait for the first day of school. Though, their new science teacher, Mr. Snakol, is \\\"very\\\" weird. Later in the day, everyone starts to think that he's an alien. Soon Sally goes missing and their suspicious grow. When the gang goes deeper into school grounds, they find out Mr. Snakol \\\"is\\\" an alien! Now the kids MUST find a way to stop him. What can a few kids do\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14553818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"and chamois. Their adaptations may include a soft rubbery pad between their hooves for grip, hooves with sharp keratin rims for lodging in small footholds, and prominent dew claws. The snow leopard, being a predator of such mountain caprids, also has spectacular balance and leaping abilities; being able to leap up to ≈17m (~50 ft). Other balancers and leapers include the mountain zebra, mountain tapir, and hyraxes. Brachiation is a specialized form of arboreal locomotion, used by primates to move very rapidly while hanging beneath branches. Arguably the epitome of arboreal locomotion, it involves swinging with the arms from one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"its descent and prevent falling. Descent can be particularly problematic for many animals, and highly arboreal species often have specialized methods for controlling their descent. Due to the height of many branches and the potentially disastrous consequences of a fall, balance is of primary importance to arboreal animals. On horizontal and gently sloped branches, the primary problem is tipping to the side due to the narrow base of support. The narrower the branch, the greater the difficulty in balancing a given animal faces. On steep and vertical branches, tipping becomes less of an issue, and pitching backwards or slipping downwards\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal salamander\",\n \"text\": \"to 0.783 in ages >4 yr. These subspecies have been proposed in the past due to genetic and morphological differences, but they are not currently recognized. Arboreal salamander The arboreal salamander (\\\"Aneides lugubris\\\") is a species of climbing salamander. An insectivore, it is native to California and Baja California, where it is primarily associated with oak and sycamore woodlands, and thick chaparral. \\\"Aneides lugubris\\\" is SVL (snout-vent length), with plain purplish-brown coloring, usually spotted dorsally with gold or yellow, although it may also be unspotted. The tail is prehensile. The juvenile is dark overall, clouded with greyish color and fine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6693036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monopod (creature)\",\n \"text\": \"by a one-footed man, and Thorvald dies from an arrow-wound: Umberto Eco in his novel \\\"Baudolino\\\" describes a sciapod named Gavagai. The name of the creature \\\"Gavagai\\\" is a reference to Quine's example of indeterminacy of translation. Monopod (creature) Monopods (also sciapods, skiapods, skiapodes) are mythological dwarf-like creatures with a single, large foot extending from a leg centered in the middle of their bodies. The names \\\"monopod\\\" and \\\"skiapod\\\" (σκιάποδες) are both Greek, respectively meaning \\\"one-foot\\\" and \\\"shadow-foot\\\". Monopods appear in Aristophanes' play \\\"The Birds\\\", first performed in 414 BC. They are described by Pliny the Elder in his \\\"Natural\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7626632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal salamander\",\n \"text\": \"Arboreal salamander The arboreal salamander (\\\"Aneides lugubris\\\") is a species of climbing salamander. An insectivore, it is native to California and Baja California, where it is primarily associated with oak and sycamore woodlands, and thick chaparral. \\\"Aneides lugubris\\\" is SVL (snout-vent length), with plain purplish-brown coloring, usually spotted dorsally with gold or yellow, although it may also be unspotted. The tail is prehensile. The juvenile is dark overall, clouded with greyish color and fine yellow speckling on the back. It has rusty markings on the snout, tail, and on sides above the forelimbs. The male of this species can be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6693034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"gravity. Many arboreal species lower their center of mass to reduce pitching and toppling movement when climbing. This may be accomplished by postural changes, altered body proportions, or smaller size. Small size provides many advantages to arboreal species: such as increasing the relative size of branches to the animal, lower center of mass, increased stability, lower mass (allowing movement on smaller branches), and the ability to move through more cluttered habitat. Size relating to weight affects gliding animals such as the reduced weight per snout-vent length for 'flying' frogs. Some species of primate, bat, and all species of sloth achieve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Degree? Which University?\",\n \"text\": \"their studying experiences. Handley resurrected the concept in 2010 with the help of a team of undergraduate students, and launched \\\"What Degree? Which University?\\\" as a website in August 2011. Six months after its launch, \\\"What Degree? Which University?\\\" had attracted more than 22,000 visitors and expanded to provide information about universities across Australia. Today, the website covers 23 Australian universities and is staffed by 17 undergraduate and postgraduate students Australia-wide, who manage and produce the content for the site. \\\"What Degree? Which University?\\\" claims to have had 77,500 visits to the website (55,000 of which being unique visitors) and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16721780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened?\",\n \"text\": \"The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened? The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened? is a 2015 American documentary film written and directed by Jon Schnepp and produced by his fiancee, Holly Payne. It chronicles the behind-the-scenes events surrounding the cancelled Tim Burton film \\\"Superman Lives\\\". Funding for the documentary was partially raised through a successful Kickstarter campaign and premiered on May 1, 2015 and was released through VOD on July 9, 2015. The documentary is a behind-the-scenes look at the 1996-97 pre-production of \\\"Superman Lives\\\", an intended reboot of the \\\"Superman\\\" film series based on the 1992 DC comic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18839538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yale (mythical creature)\",\n \"text\": \"to Yale's Davenport College and the pediment of Timothy Dwight College. The student-run campus radio station, WYBCX Yale Radio, uses the yale as its logo. Yale (mythical creature) The yale or centicore (Latin: \\\"eale\\\") is a mythical beast found in European mythology and heraldry. Most descriptions make it an antelope- or goat-like four-legged creature with the tusks of a boar and large horns that it can swivel in any direction. The name might be derived from Hebrew יָעֵל (\\\"yael\\\"), meaning \\\"Ibex\\\". The yale was first written about by Pliny the Elder in Book VIII of his \\\"Natural History\\\": he describes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2828056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature suit\",\n \"text\": \"is Jim Henson's Creature Shop, or by individual special effects artists. Different body shapes of suits are made using foam padding covered by painted liquid latex (to simulate bare skin) or fake fur. Foam latex can also be used to create suits, and masks may sometimes be made out of fiberglass. More expensive suits have hairs hand-knitted into the foam to give a more realistic, movie-quality appearance, as well as animatronic parts. Sometimes, such suits are made by cosplayers, who make replicas of famous movie monsters. Some of the most commonly seen creature suits in cosplays are the Alien and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19369752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Degree? Which University?\",\n \"text\": \"450,000 page visits. What Degree? Which University? What Degree? Which University? is a free university student-run website that profiles the major Australian tertiary education institutions and their degree programs, as well as providing advice on the university experience. Its aim is to assist prospective and current Australian undergraduate students to make informed university decisions. The \\\"What Degree?\\\" and \\\"Which Uni?\\\" sections of the website provide information on Australian universities and their degree programs, along with profiles of current and former students who are currently or have formerly been enrolled in degree programs at particular institutions. The website also provides articles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16721781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Degree? Which University?\",\n \"text\": \"What Degree? Which University? What Degree? Which University? is a free university student-run website that profiles the major Australian tertiary education institutions and their degree programs, as well as providing advice on the university experience. Its aim is to assist prospective and current Australian undergraduate students to make informed university decisions. The \\\"What Degree?\\\" and \\\"Which Uni?\\\" sections of the website provide information on Australian universities and their degree programs, along with profiles of current and former students who are currently or have formerly been enrolled in degree programs at particular institutions. The website also provides articles and information on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16721778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perfect Creature\",\n \"text\": \"Cannes in 2005 it was announced that 20th Century Fox had purchased the North American theatrical rights, plus other key territories in what was the largest deal between a major American studio and a New Zealand film. \\\"Perfect Creature\\\" is the sixth most expensive New Zealand film ever made after \\\"The Lord of the Rings\\\" films, \\\"The Frighteners\\\" and \\\"The World's Fastest Indian\\\" respectively. The film was shot primarily around Dunedin and Oamaru in New Zealand's South Island. Perfect Creature Perfect Creature is a New Zealand made horror/thriller film from 2007, written and directed by Glenn Standring and starring Saffron\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7179565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\",\n \"text\": \"year: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \\\"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\\\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \\\"Boris Godunov\\\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11886157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\",\n \"text\": \"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! \\\"What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!\\\" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama \\\"Boris Godunov\\\" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11886156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Degree? Which University?\",\n \"text\": \"student life, student housing, and graduate opportunities for university leavers through the \\\"Lifestyle\\\", \\\"Student Housing\\\", \\\"Survival Guide\\\" and \\\"After Uni\\\" sections. The creator of \\\"What Degree? Which University?\\\" is David Handley, who is also the founding director of international sculpture exhibition, \\\"Sculpture by the Sea\\\". Handley first conceptualised \\\"What Degree? Which University?\\\" whilst studying his final year of Law at the University of Sydney. In 1988, \\\"What Degree? Which University?\\\" initially took form through university seminars held at the University of Sydney, allowing prospective students to compare degree options by hearing current and former students of undergraduate degree programs discuss\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16721779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brazilian arboreal mouse\",\n \"text\": \"eaten several species of ant. Brazilian arboreal mouse The Brazilian arboreal mouse (\\\"Rhagomys rufescens\\\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, often close to bamboo thickets. It can be distinguished from \\\"Rhagomys longilingua\\\", the only other species in its genus, by the absence of spines among the hair. Formerly believed to be extinct after no sightings were recorded for over 100 years, the species has since been found in four localities. However, it is nowhere common, and all of these are forest fragments, and ongoing deforestation threatens\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8706954\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brazilian arboreal mouse\",\n \"text\": \"Brazilian arboreal mouse The Brazilian arboreal mouse (\\\"Rhagomys rufescens\\\") is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, often close to bamboo thickets. It can be distinguished from \\\"Rhagomys longilingua\\\", the only other species in its genus, by the absence of spines among the hair. Formerly believed to be extinct after no sightings were recorded for over 100 years, the species has since been found in four localities. However, it is nowhere common, and all of these are forest fragments, and ongoing deforestation threatens the species' survival. For these\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8706950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard\",\n \"text\": \"disappearing. Some scientists estimate that the cloud forests will disappear in the near future. These cloud forests are a major place of biodiversity. \\\"A. montecristoi\\\" is just one of a vast number of species that call these forests home. Conservation efforts are currently being made by the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Initiative which is made up of three conservations program consisting of the United Nations Environment Program, the World Conservation Union, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard The Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard (\\\"Abronia montecristoi\\\" ) is an endangered species of lizard. This species\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10161726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature (2011 film)\",\n \"text\": \"the film, concluding, \\\"\\\"Creature\\\" is so laughably pathetic that it's worth a few chuckles, but the really amazing thing is that huckster Sid Sheinberg put up the cash to dump this slime-covered turd into more than 1,500 theaters nationwide, proving that hope, like evil swamp monsters, is eternal\\\". Mark Olsen of the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" called it a \\\"delightfully dopey\\\" film that \\\"has no illusions about what it is: a down-and-dirty, breasts-and-blood, creature-horror exploitation picture\\\". Creature (2011 film) Creature is a 2011 American monster horror film directed by Fred M. Andrews, based on a screenplay written by Andrews and Tracy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15656513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened?\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" commented that \\\"Fanboys will relish this overstuffed doc about the Superman movie that never hit the screen\\\". IGN awarded it a score of 8 out of 10, saying, \\\"But even if you come out of the documentary thankful the plug was pulled, the personalities involved and the story’s [sic] they tell are worthwhile and offer some great insight into just what a struggle it can be when so many people try to work together to pull off a film of this scope.\\\" The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened? The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened?\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18839540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Gentle Creature\",\n \"text\": \"A Gentle Creature \\\"A Gentle Creature\\\" (), sometimes also translated as \\\"The Meek One\\\", is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1876. The piece comes with the subtitle of \\\"A Fantastic Story\\\", and it chronicles the relationship between a pawnbroker and a girl that frequents his shop. The story was inspired by a news report that Dostoyevsky read in April 1876 about the suicide of a seamstress. Dostoyevsky referred to it as a \\\"meek suicide\\\" that \\\"keeps haunting you for a long time.\\\" The story opens with the narrator in a frenzy about an apparent tragedy that has just\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8805310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Gentle Creature\",\n \"text\": \"film: \\\"Dịu Dàng - Gentle\\\". Another 2015 adaption was the Russian film \\\"Клетка\\\" (\\\"The Cage\\\"). A Gentle Creature \\\"A Gentle Creature\\\" (), sometimes also translated as \\\"The Meek One\\\", is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1876. The piece comes with the subtitle of \\\"A Fantastic Story\\\", and it chronicles the relationship between a pawnbroker and a girl that frequents his shop. The story was inspired by a news report that Dostoyevsky read in April 1876 about the suicide of a seamstress. Dostoyevsky referred to it as a \\\"meek suicide\\\" that \\\"keeps haunting you for a long time.\\\" The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8805318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature animation\",\n \"text\": \"earlier, in 1989, the pioneering digital animation studio Industrial Light & Magic created a water creature for the James Cameron film \\\"The Abyss\\\". Again, not knowing how a water creature might move, considerable effort was required by the animators to imagine how such a creature might perform and behave. Creature animation Creature animation is a specialised part of the animation process which involves bringing realistic animals and creatures to life. It is often distinguished from character animation, which involves breathing life into animated characters and creating the illusion of thought, feeling and emotion. Creature animators create highly realistic motion in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16810378\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature worship\",\n \"text\": \"Creature worship In contrast with worship of a Creator deity, the theological term creature worship refers unflatteringly to veneration of that which is created. In the biblical worldview, creature worship is seen as analogous to a reversal of the relationship between God and creature or the reversal of mindedness, which places power in the handiwork. Creature worship may include: Animal worship, Animism,Cult of personality,Household deity, Idolatry, Nature worship, and/or Pantheism. In some Christian denominations and even in the early development of the Christian church, the veneration of saints is considered creature worship. It is based on the view that Christians\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14299287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Black & White: Creature Isle\",\n \"text\": \"It will ask for food, attention, and playtime. The player can put Tyke into a daycare, relieving the creature of his fatherly duties. But if it is kept in there for too long, the advisers will complain, and Tyke will get angry. During the trial in which the player raises Tyke, they are encouraged to teach it. The advisers will tell the player when they are ignoring Tyke. Tyke can learn miracles also, which adds more impressiveness. It will also learn and try to mimic what the creature does. It will try to have a similar personality, too. After beating\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6046093\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Panther (legendary creature)\",\n \"text\": \"creature are pantera, pantere, and love cervere. Usually depicted as a type of cat, the panther was at times depicted in other forms. It was depicted as a donkey, as a composite creature with a horned head, long neck and a horse's body, and as a host of other forms. (The word \\\"panther\\\", in Greek, could be interpreted as \\\"every wild beast\\\", supporting the idea of a composite creature.) This was mostly because those involved did not know what a panther should look like; but, in some instances, this was due to cultural influences. In Germany in particular, the panther\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6917014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"type of grip depends upon the angle of the frictional force, thus upon the diameter of the branch, with larger branches resulting in reduced gripping ability. Animals other than primates that use gripping in climbing include the chameleon, which has mitten-like grasping feet, and many birds that grip branches in perching or moving about. To control descent, especially down large diameter branches, some arboreal animals such as squirrels have evolved highly mobile ankle joints that permit rotating the foot into a 'reversed' posture. This allows the claws to hook into the rough surface of the bark, opposing the force of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creating Our Own Lives\",\n \"text\": \"people like you.\\\" The second season is anticipated for release in 2017. Creating Our Own Lives Creating Our Own Lives is a public radio podcast, from Krista Tippett Public Productions (KTPP), hosted by Lily Percy. The first season was released in 2016 on the theme of running, though the subject of the podcast is much broader. It describes itself as: \\\"We’re called to create a better world, but what about the more immediate task of creating our own lives? Inspired by a quote of Thomas Merton and hosted by Lily Percy, a podcast exploring questions about running as spiritual practice,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20194706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arboreal locomotion\",\n \"text\": \"moving beyond the edge of the branch, resulting in a tendency to topple over. Additionally, foot placement is constrained by the need to make contact with the narrow branch. This narrowness severely restricts the range of movements and postures an animal can use to move. Branches are frequently oriented at an angle to gravity in arboreal habitats, including being vertical, which poses special problems. As an animal moves up an inclined branch, they must fight the force of gravity to raise their body, making the movement more difficult. Conversely, as the animal descends, it must also fight gravity to control\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755770\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creating Our Own Lives\",\n \"text\": \"Creating Our Own Lives Creating Our Own Lives is a public radio podcast, from Krista Tippett Public Productions (KTPP), hosted by Lily Percy. The first season was released in 2016 on the theme of running, though the subject of the podcast is much broader. It describes itself as: \\\"We’re called to create a better world, but what about the more immediate task of creating our own lives? Inspired by a quote of Thomas Merton and hosted by Lily Percy, a podcast exploring questions about running as spiritual practice, humor as a tool for survival, and movies as church — featuring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20194705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature from the Black Lagoon\",\n \"text\": \"claim the lives of Lucas's crew members, before the creature is captured and locked in a cage aboard the \\\"Rita\\\". It escapes during the night, attacking Edwin, who was guarding it. Kay smashes the creature with a lantern, driving it off, but Edwin is severely injured. Following this incident, David decides they should return to civilization. Mark, obsessed with capturing (or killing) the creature, objects. As the \\\"Rita\\\" tries to leave, they find the lagoon's entrance blocked by fallen logs, courtesy of the Gill-man. While the others attempt to remove the logs, Mark is mauled to death while trying to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"798818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature worship\",\n \"text\": \"goal to achieve \\\"nirvana\\\", the soul experiences rebirth in the form of different creatures. It is, thus, accepted to worship nature in all of its elements because it signifies respect for the environment as well as the worship for one's ancestors. Creature worship In contrast with worship of a Creator deity, the theological term creature worship refers unflatteringly to veneration of that which is created. In the biblical worldview, creature worship is seen as analogous to a reversal of the relationship between God and creature or the reversal of mindedness, which places power in the handiwork. Creature worship may include:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14299289\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\",\n \"text\": \"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \\\"The Harpole Report\\\" and Edward\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11856925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat\",\n \"text\": \"and lips, large claws, and a line of white fur running down its head. It is in length, with a tail of . It weighs . Ashaninka arboreal chinchilla rats live in dwarf forest and are hunted by long-tailed weasels. When described, it was placed in the family Abrocomidae, but was considered different enough from existing species for the creation of the genus \\\"Cuscomys\\\". Since then, the Machu Picchu arboreal chinchilla rat (\\\"Cuscomys oblativus\\\"), a species of chinchilla rats originally placed in the genus \\\"Abrocoma\\\", has been shown to be a member of \\\"Cuscomys\\\". Although it was considered extinct by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7854671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat\",\n \"text\": \"the IUCN at the time, photos of a rodent showing some similarities to \\\"C. ashaninka\\\" taken at Machu Picchu in late 2009 may show \\\"C. oblativus\\\". Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat The Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat (\\\"Cuscomys ashaninka\\\") is a large species of chinchilla rats from the Andes of far northern Cusco in Peru. It was first scientifically described in 1999. The first specimen of this species was discovered by Dr. Louise Emmons, a researcher of the Smithsonian Institution from Washington, D.C., who found it by chance while climbing in the Vilcabamba Mountains near Machu Picchu. Emmons named the genus after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7854672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat\",\n \"text\": \"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat The Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat (\\\"Cuscomys ashaninka\\\") is a large species of chinchilla rats from the Andes of far northern Cusco in Peru. It was first scientifically described in 1999. The first specimen of this species was discovered by Dr. Louise Emmons, a researcher of the Smithsonian Institution from Washington, D.C., who found it by chance while climbing in the Vilcabamba Mountains near Machu Picchu. Emmons named the genus after the city of Cusco, and she named the species for the Asháninka people who live in Peru. The animal has grey fur, with a white nose\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7854670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anzuetoi arboreal alligator lizard\",\n \"text\": \"Anzuetoi arboreal alligator lizard Anzueto's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia anzuetoi ) is a species of lizards in the family Anguidae. The species is endemic to Volcán de Agua in Guatemala. The specific name, \\\"anzuetoi\\\" is in honor of Guatemalan naturalist Roderico Anzueto, who collected the holotype. The extent of occurrence of \\\"A. anzuetoi\\\" is approximately 24 km (9.3 mi), and thus the species is considered Vulnerable by the IUCN. Anthropogenic impact is minimized by the fact that its native habitat has many landmines, and surrounding coffee plantations have been abandoned. \\\"A. anzuetoi\\\" is found at elevations from on Volcán de\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18123689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien (creature in Alien franchise)\",\n \"text\": \"the creature in its original form; it has a single large eye under its natural silicon/keratin forehead which can give the creature 180-degree vision. The Aliens' inner set of jaws are powerful enough to smash through bone and metal. How the creatures see is uncertain; in \\\"Alien 3\\\", a spherical lens was used to illustrate the Alien's point of view, so, when the film was projected anamorphically, the image exhibited severe distortion. In the novelization of the movie \\\"Alien\\\", the creature is held mesmerized by a spinning green light for several minutes. In \\\"Aliens\\\", the adult creatures have a more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3022261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard\",\n \"text\": \"in protected areas such as Mario Dary Rivera Protected Biotope and Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve. Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard The brilliant arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia gaiophantasma) is a species of lizard endemic to the mountains of east-central Guatemala, from the Sierra de las Minas east to the Chilascó region. It occurs at elevations of 1,600–2,650 m, and can be found in pine–oak and cloud forests of lower montane wet forests. Its extent of occurrence is estimated at only 750 km, and has been declared endangered. Threats to this species include habitat loss from agriculture, and the exportation of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18123700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard\",\n \"text\": \"Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard The brilliant arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia gaiophantasma) is a species of lizard endemic to the mountains of east-central Guatemala, from the Sierra de las Minas east to the Chilascó region. It occurs at elevations of 1,600–2,650 m, and can be found in pine–oak and cloud forests of lower montane wet forests. Its extent of occurrence is estimated at only 750 km, and has been declared endangered. Threats to this species include habitat loss from agriculture, and the exportation of ornamental \\\"Chamaedaphne calyculata\\\" plants, conversion of habitats to pine plantations, and intentional fires. It can be found\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18123699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"3D Virtual Creature Evolution\",\n \"text\": \"(from zero, as not having an influence on fitness, to one, or having maximum influence) to determine the fitness goal. What generations the fitness function applies to can also be set. The environment, or “Terrain”, is then determined. This includes a flat plain, bumpy terrain (in which a hill is generated around creature that constantly inclines as distance is traveled from the creature’s spawning point), water (a low gravity simulator, non-functional), and “spheres” (spheres are generated above creature to catch). Everything in the simulation is viewed from a first person viewpoint. After settings are determined, the first generation is generated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15886843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Comforts\",\n \"text\": \"things to come in British television advertising. Many commentators believe that there was a fundamental shift in television advertising from the unbridled consumerism and egoism of the 1980s to what is sometimes termed a more \\\"caring\\\" approach in the 1990s. The \\\"Creature Comforts\\\" advertisements are cited as an early example of this phenomenon. The format of the \\\"Creature Comforts\\\" advertisements was so successful that it was replicated in other campaigns in the following decades. In later years, however, members of the public became increasingly conscious of the potential uses of their \\\"vox pop\\\" interviews. This made it difficult to recapture\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1662645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Commandos\",\n \"text\": \"Creature Commandos The Creature Commandos are a fictional DC Comics team of military superhumans originally set in World War II. The original team was introduced in \\\"Weird War Tales\\\" #93 (November 1980). The modern team first appeared in their own mini-series \\\"Creature Commandos\\\" #1 May 2000; this version was written by Tim Truman and drawn by Scot Eaton. Asked how the Creature Commandos came about, writer J. M. DeMatteis recalled, Project M is a secret government organization which began during World War II and specializes in experimental biotechnology and necromancy. Known creations of the Project beside the Creature Commandos include\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8198076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brazilian arboreal mouse\",\n \"text\": \"reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being \\\"near-threatened\\\". The Brazilian arboreal mouse is a small mouse with small rounded ears and vibrissae (whiskers) long enough to reach the ears. The dorsal fur is reddish-brown which gradually fades to reddish-grey on the ventral surface. The hair is soft, and this distinguishes \\\"Rhagomys rufescens\\\" from the only other species in the genus, \\\"Rhagomys longilingua\\\", which has spines mixed in with the hairs. They also differ in certain skull characteristics, and their ranges do not overlap. The head-and-body length slightly exceeds the tail length. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8706951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Panther (legendary creature)\",\n \"text\": \"is often depicted in heraldry as a creature with four horns, cow's ears and a fiery red tongue. An example of the former is the flag and coat of arms of the city of Cres, Croatia. In heraldry the panther is commonly used in a form known as the Panther Incensed. In this form, the panther is depicted with flames coming from its mouth and ears, representing the panther's sweet odour. The heraldic panther is usually shown with coloured spots (semée of roundels), which are frequently blue and red. The arms of the Worshipful Company of Dyers, however, have as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6917015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Catalogue\",\n \"text\": \"of the player characters, originally printed in the Master Set, is reproduced in the introduction. Each creature is listed with appropriate \\\"D&D\\\" statistics and a short description of the creature, its abilities and tactics. A variety of authors and artists combined to the listings including Zeb Cook and Gary Gygax. AC9 \\\"Creature Catalogue\\\" was compiled by Graeme Morris, Phil Gallagher, and Jim Bambra, and was published by TSR in 1986. The \\\"Creature Catalogue\\\" is in the format of a 96-page perfect-bound book, which TSR had been adopting more frequently at the time. Cover art is by Keith Parkinson. An updated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6052067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature template\",\n \"text\": \"Edition game's Dungeon Master's Guide, which features tables to aid in the \\\"random generation of creatures from the lower planes\\\". Subsequent other First Edition handbooks, notably the Monster Manual II, as well as Dragon Magazine, featured additional early monster generation templates. Creature template In the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" game, a template can be applied to a creature to enhance its abilities or to even create a new type of creature. Templates can be either acquired or inherited. An acquired template can be applied to a creature at any point (assuming it meets the prerequisites for the template), while an inherited\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8368590\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Commandos\",\n \"text\": \"took control of the Creature Commandos to attack the old JLI embassy. During the battle Max reveals himself while posing as one of the Creature Commandos, in which he captures the Blue Beetle and escapes. Shortly thereafter the Creature Commandos were broken free from Max's influence, realizing they do not know why they are so far from their Project M base. In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, a new version of the Creature Commandos were introduced and featured in the pages of \\\"Frankenstein, Agent of S.H.A.D.E.\\\". This incarnation of the team works as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8198088\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard\",\n \"text\": \"Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard The Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard (\\\"Abronia montecristoi\\\" ) is an endangered species of lizard. This species is distributed in the cloud forests of El Salvador as well as Honduras. This species is classified as Endangered by the IUCN Red List The specific name, \\\"montecristoi\\\", refers to the type locality, \\\"\\\"Hacienda Montecristo\\\" \\\". While there is not much known about \\\"A. montecristoi\\\", and described the color of the back as antique brown, with pale, cinnamon-colored crossbands, with the color buff-yellow on the sides. The head is also colored cinnamon. The scales on the top of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10161723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature of the Walking Dead\",\n \"text\": \"tension. Fred Olen Ray said \\\"Whenever the original Spanish cast members are called upon to speak, we are treated to a constant stream of voice-over narration, supplied by the grandson, who conveniently explains what they are saying...Bruno Ve Sota, receiving one of cinema's longest arm massages, rattles on incessantly...It is maddening.\\\" Creature of the Walking Dead Creature of the Walking Dead is a 1965 horror film adapted by Jerry Warren from a 1961 Mexican horror film \\\"La Marca del Muerto\\\", which translates as \\\"Mark of the Dead Man\\\". The original Mexican film was directed by Fernando Cortés, written by Alfredo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15908447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Songs\",\n \"text\": \"the balls to do just that.\\\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Creature Songs\\\". Creature Songs Creature Songs is the second extended play (EP) by English alternative rock band Wolf Alice. It was released on 26 May 2014 through Dirty Hit. The EP was produced by Catherine Marks. The EP was preceded by the release of \\\"Moaning Lisa Smile\\\", which was uploaded to the band's SoundCloud page. Barnabas Abraham of \\\"The 405\\\" said \\\"\\\"Creature Songs\\\" features a more aggressive edge that marks itself on the EP's opening two tracks, and overall the EP is another refreshing sample of a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20751132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Features\",\n \"text\": \"likely to stay home on those nights. These are the major metropolitan areas of the United States in which \\\"Creature Features\\\" was seen: North Carolina channel 6 every Friday night at midnight \\\"Creature Features\\\" can be said to be one of the most popular horror shows in the United States. In all \\\"Creature Features\\\" was televised in almost 100 cities nationwide, throughout the 1960s to the 1990s, with more than 6,000 broadcasts aired, and more than 4,500 movies shown. This makes the program the most prolific horror show in U.S. television history. \\\"Creature Features\\\" was broadcast in the New York\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9484481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature animation\",\n \"text\": \"Creature animation Creature animation is a specialised part of the animation process which involves bringing realistic animals and creatures to life. It is often distinguished from character animation, which involves breathing life into animated characters and creating the illusion of thought, feeling and emotion. Creature animators create highly realistic motion in animals or creatures; examples include the dinosaurs animated in the 1993 Steven Spielberg film \\\"Jurassic Park\\\". Since dinosaurs cannot be filmed or observed in motion, the animators studied other living creatures such as birds and lizards in order to re-create how a dinosaur might move and behave. Fours year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16810377\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives\",\n \"text\": \"which our money is wasted by what he calls the military industrial technological entertainment academic media corporate matrix, or 'The Complex' for short\\\". The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives is a book about the United States military, written by journalist Nick Turse. It was published in 2008 in hardcover format by Metropolitan Books. The book describes the vast changes in the industrial complex of the U.S. military from the days of President Dwight D. Eisenhower to 2008, its effect on American society, and how the military and private\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12707779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened?\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Death of Superman\\\", that was cancelled only three weeks before filming was set to begin in April 1998. In the film, Schnepp interviews several people involved with the development of the project and features numerous conceptual artwork and designs intended for the visual look of \\\"Superman Lives\\\". Director Jon Schnepp interviews the following subjects in the film: Critical reception for \\\"The Death of \\\"Superman Lives\\\": What Happened?\\\" has been predominantly positive. The film currently holds an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 13 reviews, with an average of 7.2/10. \\\"Forbes\\\" and \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" both wrote positive reviews,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18839539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bucca (mythological creature)\",\n \"text\": \"(the area now known as Newlyn Cliff). The Tale of the Sea Bucca describes the Bucca inhabiting Lamorna Cove with the dark brown skin of a conger eel and a tangle of seaweed for hair and given to swimming in the waves, lying in the sea caverns or sitting among the rocks with the birds. He was a very lonely creature who had once been a human prince cursed by a witch, but was very fond of children. He assisted the Lamorna fishermen by driving fish into their nets and crabs into their pots, yet was capable of terrible vengeance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9548575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature type (Dungeons & Dragons)\",\n \"text\": \"Creature type (Dungeons & Dragons) In the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" fantasy role-playing game, creature types are rough categories of creatures which determine the way game mechanics affect the creature. In the 3rd edition and related games, there are between thirteen and seventeen creature types. Creature type is determined by the designer of a monster, based upon its nature or physical attributes. The choice of type is important, as all creatures which have a given type will share certain characteristics (with some exceptions). In 3rd and 3.5 editions, type determines features such as hit dice, base attack bonus, saving throws, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7918021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien (creature in Alien franchise)\",\n \"text\": \"an aquatic face-hugger and a four-legged version of the adult Alien. Giger said in an interview \\\"I had special ideas to make it more interesting. I designed a new creature, which was much more elegant and beastly, compared to my original. It was a four-legged Alien, more like a lethal feline—a panther or something. It had a kind of skin that was built up from other creatures—much like a symbiosis.\\\" However, when Tom Woodruff and Alec Gillis of Amalgamated Dynamics told Giger that they had their own design, Giger expressed himself as \\\"very upset\\\" and that the creature he had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3022298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"creature. The creature quickly gains the upper hand and almost kills Chase. Max uses Peniston's sound device to distract the creature. It attacks him, but he uses a zipline to escape. Peniston takes the sound device and lures the creature into the pressure chamber. Dr. Chase urges Peniston not to stay in the pressure chamber with the creature, but Peniston refuses to leave saying he can't let the creature die alone. Dr. Chase locks them in and activates it, building greater and greater pressure. The creature kills Peniston. Chase allows the pressure to build up very high then smashes the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14758276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Catalogue\",\n \"text\": \"recommend it. Brinsley felt that organizing the book in sections by type of creature rather than just alphabetically like \\\"AD&D\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s \\\"Monster Manual\\\"s \\\"should certainly make life easier for those DMs who design their own adventures, and know what sort of monster they want, rather than by name\\\". He also felt that the comprehensive references to all the monsters appearing in the \\\"D&D\\\" boxed sets would solve the problem of having to remember in which set a particular monster appears. He concluded the review by stating, \\\"basically, this book contains all you could ever wish to know about monsters in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6052069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What a Waste\",\n \"text\": \"What a Waste \\\"What a Waste\\\" is a song and single by Ian Dury and the Blockheads, originally released in 1978 on the Stiff Records single BUY 27 \\\"What a Waste\\\" / \\\"Wake Up and Make Love with Me\\\". The song has remained in The Blockheads' set following Dury's death. Essentially a song about being in a job that makes you happy, Dury claimed in a 1984 interview with \\\"Penthouse\\\" that while not condemning 9-to-5 jobs, he had written the song to make people question their lives, echoing the sentiments of his earlier single \\\"Sex and Drugs and Rock and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9717344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Creature I Don't Know\",\n \"text\": \"the year in the iTunes rewind 2011. Both \\\"Mojo\\\" and \\\"Uncut\\\" placed the album at number 11 on their lists of \\\"Top 50 albums of 2011\\\". All songs were written by Laura Marling. (\\\"Flicker and Fail\\\" came from a song by Marling's father.) A Creature I Don't Know A Creature I Don't Know is the third studio album by British singer-songwriter Laura Marling, released on 9 September 2011. The album was announced in June 2011, along with a preview of a new song, featured in a video posted on Laura Marling's official YouTube channel. The first track from the album\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15701691\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Creature I Don't Know\",\n \"text\": \"A Creature I Don't Know A Creature I Don't Know is the third studio album by British singer-songwriter Laura Marling, released on 9 September 2011. The album was announced in June 2011, along with a preview of a new song, featured in a video posted on Laura Marling's official YouTube channel. The first track from the album to receive radio airplay was \\\"Sophia\\\", on 25 July 2011 on BBC Radio 1. The \\\"When The Bell Tolls\\\" tour of America, Canada and England was announced on 25 July, and took place in September and October 2011 to support the album. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15701679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature (miniseries)\",\n \"text\": \"the creature. Peniston replies that it was because they used his blood to help create it and that the creature is a part of him. They use Robin with a camera attached to her back to locate the creature. It locates the beast's lair, but before they can retrieve her, the creature attacks and the camera goes blank. Tall Man and Peniston enter the tunnel shortly after. They see the creature eating Robin. Tall Man shoots at the creature but Peniston interferes. The creature injures Tall Man. Dr. Chase arrives and helps Tall Man escape, but are pursued by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14758275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Crunch\",\n \"text\": \"Creature Crunch Creature Crunch is a 1996 animated point-and-click adventure game released for personal computers, developed by TechToons and Class6 Interactive. In the game, the player controls Wesley, a boy who is transformed into a human-monster hybrid by a mad scientist. Wesley has to escape the scientist's mansion, exploring its rooms and eating items which will help him defeat each room's guardians. Creature Crunch features the voices of comedians Martin Short and Eugene Levy. The boy Wesley (voiced by Short) is riding his bike during a storm. He stops in front of a mansion looking for shelter. Wesley is captured\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19999860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature (band)\",\n \"text\": \"Creature (band) Creature is a Canadian pop rock band formed in 2004 in Montreal. The band formed in 2004 and names themselves \\\"Pawel Czuraj\\\" and released a debut album \\\"No Sleep At All\\\" on March 3, 2008. The following year, No Sleep At All became a nominee in the \\\"Pop Album of The Year\\\" category at the Juno Awards of 2009. The band's sound incorporates elements of hip hop, dance-punk and new wave music. All the band's members contribute vocals to the music, which adds to the constant boy-girl dialogue in the songs. In 2005, Creature opened for Our Lady\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12028731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Features\",\n \"text\": \"another ghoul, dressed in undertaker's attire, running outside and inside the Studios to a fast-paced instrumental tune. \\\"Creature Features\\\" which aired on ATN-7 Channel 7 was hosted by \\\"Vampira\\\" – played by Jill Forster. During Halloween 2001, Cinemax broadcast a series of five television movies they called \\\"Creature Features\\\": Each reused the title of a low-budget movie produced by American International Pictures during the 1950s. Some of the new movies were remakes of the earlier films, and some only had the title in common. In 1975, Research Games Inc. released a board game based on \\\"Creature Features.\\\" The gameplay greatly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9484503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature suit\",\n \"text\": \"movements slowly and deliberately to emulate a slow moving creature. Creature suit Creature suits are realistic costumes used to disguise a performer as an animal, monster, or other being. They are used in film, television, or as costumed characters in live events. Unlike mascots, they are often made with a high degree of realism. In contrast with prosthetic makeup, which is applied to an actor's skin, the wearer is not normally visible outside their movements controlling the costume, although in some cases, part of the wearer's body is still visible (such as in the case of mermaids or other half-human\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19369757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Creature Crunch\",\n \"text\": \"enjoyable\\\". The game artwork reminded him of John Kricfalusi style. Creature Crunch Creature Crunch is a 1996 animated point-and-click adventure game released for personal computers, developed by TechToons and Class6 Interactive. In the game, the player controls Wesley, a boy who is transformed into a human-monster hybrid by a mad scientist. Wesley has to escape the scientist's mansion, exploring its rooms and eating items which will help him defeat each room's guardians. Creature Crunch features the voices of comedians Martin Short and Eugene Levy. The boy Wesley (voiced by Short) is riding his bike during a storm. He stops in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19999862\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["sapling","macrophanerophyte","parts of a tree","big tree","arboreus","tree","trees","treee","🌳","the trees","trees","wood layers","treed","the parts of a tree"],"string":"[\n \"sapling\",\n \"macrophanerophyte\",\n \"parts of a tree\",\n \"big tree\",\n \"arboreus\",\n \"tree\",\n \"trees\",\n \"treee\",\n \"🌳\",\n \"the trees\",\n \"trees\",\n \"wood layers\",\n \"treed\",\n \"the parts of a tree\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78594,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"popularized in a speech by winston churchill, what was the popular name for the ideological and physical boundary between western and eastern europe during the cold war?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Western Europe","text":"stages of World War II, the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference, between the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, the U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. Post-war Europe would be divided into two major spheres: the Western Bloc, influenced by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc, influenced by the Soviet Union. With the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. This term had been used during World War II by German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and later Count Lutz","psg_id":"461492"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Western Europe\",\n \"text\": \"stages of World War II, the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference, between the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, the U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. Post-war Europe would be divided into two major spheres: the Western Bloc, influenced by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc, influenced by the Soviet Union. With the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. This term had been used during World War II by German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and later Count Lutz\",\n \"psg_id\": \"461492\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Winston Churchill Range","text":"of which is not part of the range. This range includes the following mountains and peaks: Winston Churchill Range The Winston Churchill Range is a mountain range in the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies located in Jasper National Park. The range was named after Sir Winston Churchill, former British prime minister. The eastern boundary of the range begins on the western side of Sunwapta River from the Jasper and Banff boundary and extends north to Sunwapta Falls. The western boundary of the range is defined by the Athabasca River valley to the east of Warwick Mountain. The valley narrows","psg_id":"3068597"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Range","text":"Winston Churchill Range The Winston Churchill Range is a mountain range in the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies located in Jasper National Park. The range was named after Sir Winston Churchill, former British prime minister. The eastern boundary of the range begins on the western side of Sunwapta River from the Jasper and Banff boundary and extends north to Sunwapta Falls. The western boundary of the range is defined by the Athabasca River valley to the east of Warwick Mountain. The valley narrows as it approaches the Continental Divide, and separates Mt. Columbia from Mt. King Edward, the latter","psg_id":"3068596"},{"title":"Origins of the Cold War","text":"to describe the postwar tensions between the U.S.- and Soviet-led blocs was popularized by Bernard Baruch, a U.S. financier and an adviser to Harry Truman, who used the term during a speech before the South Carolina state legislature on April 16, 1947. Since the term \"Cold War\" was popularized in 1947, there has been extensive disagreement in many political and scholarly discourses on what exactly were the sources of postwar tensions. In the American historiography, there has been disagreement as to who was responsible for the quick unraveling of the wartime alliance between 1945 and 1947, and on whether the","psg_id":"2488555"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Boulevard","text":"Winston Churchill Boulevard Winston Churchill Boulevard is a long north-south roadway that predominately forms the western boundary of Peel Region with the eastern boundaries of Halton Region and Wellington County, in Ontario, Canada. The road begins at Lakeshore Road in the south at the boundaries of the City of Mississauga the Town of Oakville, and ends in Caledon at East Garafraxa-Caledon Townline. The road is named in honour of British Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill. The road is designated as Peel Regional Road 19 in the two segments where it forms Peel's boundary with the aforementioned divisions: Halton Region shares","psg_id":"11880989"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World, is a book by Patrick J. Buchanan, published in May 2008. Buchanan argues that both world wars were unnecessary and that the British Empire's decision to fight in them was disastrous for the world. One of Buchanan's express purposes is to undermine what he describes as a \"Churchill cult\" in America's élite and so he focuses particularly on how Winston Churchill helped Britain get into wars with Germany in 1914 and again in 1939. Buchanan cites many","psg_id":"12835218"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Boulevard","text":"19 along Adamson St. Within Terra Cotta, Winston Churchill deviates eastward to be situated entirely within the Town of Caledon. It is concurrent with Peel Regional Road 9 (King Street) for approximately 550 metres. Winston Churchill Boulevard Winston Churchill Boulevard is a long north-south roadway that predominately forms the western boundary of Peel Region with the eastern boundaries of Halton Region and Wellington County, in Ontario, Canada. The road begins at Lakeshore Road in the south at the boundaries of the City of Mississauga the Town of Oakville, and ends in Caledon at East Garafraxa-Caledon Townline. The road is named","psg_id":"11880992"},{"title":"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years","text":"shout.\" Hardy's performance as Churchill won a BAFTA nomination in 1982. Eric Porter as Neville Chamberlain also received praise. The series was nominated for a total of 8 BAFTA awards, namely: Hardy also portrayed Churchill in \"The Sittaford Mystery\", \"Bomber Harris\" and \"War and Remembrance\". At the 50th anniversary celebrations of the end of World War II in 1995, he quoted a number of Churchill's wartime speeches in character. Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years is an eight-part 1981 drama serial based on Winston Churchill's years in during the 1920s and 1930s. It was made by","psg_id":"11991187"},{"title":"Later life of Winston Churchill","text":"Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere. According to a memorandum from the FBI's archives, in 1947 Winston Churchill urged the US to conduct a preemptive nuclear strike against the Soviet Union in order to win the Cold War, before it's too late. Churchill reportedly spoke to right-wing Republican senator Styles Bridges, asking him to persuade then-President Harry Truman to launch a nuclear strike","psg_id":"11430795"},{"title":"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War","text":"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War The Soviet Union used its relationship with Europe to gain economic cooperation with the Arab world during the Cold War and its influence in the Middle East by inciting proxy conflicts between the Arab states and their Jewish neighbors. The superpowers interacted with proxy combatants, which factored into the Soviet Union's omission from the Camp David Accords. The policy exposed Soviet dualism; while aiming to reduce their military budget and improve their image on the world stage, they pursued an anti-Israel policy in the Arabian Peninsula. The Middle East went from","psg_id":"20127249"},{"title":"The Winston Churchill School, Woking","text":"The Winston Churchill School, Woking The Winston Churchill School is a comprehensive, secondary school in Woking, England. The school was established in 1967. It is near Knaphill, Bisley, West End, Brookwood and Pirbright. The school holds Specialist Sports College status. The Winston Churchill School received a score of \"good\" (OFSTED January 2015) with GCSE results above the national average. \"The curriculum is a strength of the school...teaching is good with aspects that are outstanding...students behaviour both in and out of classrooms is good\" and \"students feel safe & secure\". Teaching occurs during one-hour lessons with Physical Education (P.E.) lessons twice","psg_id":"7929643"},{"title":"Culture during the Cold War","text":"cities in Italy, more than 250,000 people protested in Bonn, 250,000 demonstrated in London, and 100,000 marched in Brussels. The largest anti-nuclear protest was held on June 12, 1982, when one million people demonstrated in New York City against nuclear weapons. In October 1983, nearly 3 million people across western Europe protested nuclear missile deployments and demanded an end to the arms race; the largest crowd of almost one million people assembled in the Hague in the Netherlands. In Britain, 400,000 people participated in what was probably the largest demonstration in British history. Culture during the Cold War The Cold","psg_id":"8480254"},{"title":"Canada in the Cold War","text":"tank battles once feared would rage across Western Europe. It is with Canada's late-Cold War and early-Peacekeeping Era military that Canada would embark on its deployment to Afghanistan, currently Canada's longest-running war. Canada in the Cold War During the Cold War, Canada was one of the western powers playing a central role in the major alliances. It was an ally of the United States, but there were several foreign policy differences between the two countries over the course of the Cold War. Canada was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, the North American Aerospace","psg_id":"2985897"},{"title":"Churchill and the Generals","text":"Second World War?\")' Timothy West won the John Logie Baird performance award (1980). He reprised the role of Churchill in \"The Last Bastion\" (1984) and \"Hiroshima\" (1995). Churchill and the Generals Churchill and the Generals is a 1979 BBC television drama concerning the relationship between Winston Churchill and generals of the Allied forces, set in the Cabinet Office and War Rooms between 1940 and 1945. It was written by Ian Curteis (with Peter Young as military advisor). It was first broadcast on BBC 2 on 23 September 1979, and repeated on BBC 1 on 22 August 1981. It screened on","psg_id":"15288815"},{"title":"Winston Churchill's 5th October Speech to the House of Commons","text":"Winston Churchill's 5th October Speech to the House of Commons Winston Churchill's 5th October 1938, Speech to the House of Commons Titled \"Policy of His Majesty's Government\", Winston Churchill foreshadows the fate of Europe after the signing of the Munich Agreement on 30 September 1938. Churchill, a Conservative in the House of Commons, was strongly against Prime Minister's Neville Chamberlain's policy of Appeasement. The Munich Agreement ceded the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to avoid an armed conflict with Hitler's Germany. The speech took place on 5 October 1938 in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Following","psg_id":"18741793"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"of the Germans from Eastern Europe, in which 2 million died, a crime against humanity \"of historic dimensions\" and contrasts the British prosecution of German leaders at the Nuremberg Trials for crimes against humanity while Churchill and other British leaders were approving the expulsion of the Germans from Eastern Europe. Buchanan also writes that the United States should have stayed out of the events of World War II. However, because the United States insisted for the United Kingdom to sever the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in 1921, Japan ultimately aligned itself with the Axis and later attacked Pearl Harbor. Buchanan blames Churchill","psg_id":"12835247"},{"title":"Churchill and the Generals","text":"Churchill and the Generals Churchill and the Generals is a 1979 BBC television drama concerning the relationship between Winston Churchill and generals of the Allied forces, set in the Cabinet Office and War Rooms between 1940 and 1945. It was written by Ian Curteis (with Peter Young as military advisor). It was first broadcast on BBC 2 on 23 September 1979, and repeated on BBC 1 on 22 August 1981. It screened on 5 March 1981 in the United States. \"The Times\" television critic Michael Ratcliffe wrote: \"'Churchill\", though trivial, was intermittently moving and fun (alternative title: \"Punch in the","psg_id":"15288814"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"fulfil its promises. Buchanan expresses the view that just as Chamberlain's \"guarantee\" of Poland in March 1939 caused an \"unnecessary war\" with Germany in September, the current guarantees of Eastern European nations by the United States are equally unwise and require a declaration of war with Russia if a hostile regime ascended to power in the latter country and attacked Eastern Europe. However, the United States has no vital interests in Eastern Europe. Finally, Buchanan highlights the symbolism of Bush placing a bust of Churchill in the Oval Office as evidence that Bush's neoconservative foreign policy was influenced and inspired","psg_id":"12835251"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"bombing\" as a method of war against Gernany.; Buchanan quotes LeMay himself \"We scorched and boiled and baked to death more people in Tokyo that night of March 9–10 than went up in the vapour of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.\" Buchanan concludes, \"We and the British fought for moral ends. We did not always use moral means by any Christian definition.\" Endorsing the concept of Western betrayal, Buchanan accuses Churchill and Roosevelt of turning over Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union at the Tehran Conference and the Yalta Conference. Citing the Cuban-American lawyer Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, Buchanan calls the expulsion","psg_id":"12835246"},{"title":"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years","text":"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years is an eight-part 1981 drama serial based on Winston Churchill's years in during the 1920s and 1930s. It was made by Southern Television on a budget of £3¼ million and originally broadcast on ITV on Sunday nights at 10 pm. It was written and directed by Ferdinand Fairfax, with historian Martin Gilbert as co-writer. Churchill was played by Robert Hardy, who earned a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor and went on to play him in several other productions. The series focuses on the decade from 1929 to 1939 during which","psg_id":"11991183"},{"title":"The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill","text":"the United Kingdom during the Second World War. It was published on November 6, 2012, 24 years after the publication of the previous volume. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill is a trilogy of biographies covering the life of Winston Churchill. The first two were published in the 1980s by author and historian William Manchester, who died while working on the last volume. However, before his death, Manchester had selected Paul Reid to complete it, and the final volume was published in November 2012. The 973-page volume was published in 1983. In 2011, the","psg_id":"14208223"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"a \"quid pro quo\" for Germany staying out of Western Europe would have been better than World War II. Buchanan argues that it was a great blunder on the part of Chamberlain to declare war on Germany in 1939 and that it was an even greater blunder on the part of Churchill to refuse Hitler's peace offer of 1940, thus making World War II in Buchanan's opinion the \"unnecessary war\" of the title. The title of course was borrowed from Churchill, who stated in his memoirs, \"One day President Roosevelt told me that he was asking publicly for suggestions about","psg_id":"12835238"},{"title":"Winston Churchill as writer","text":"Winston Churchill as writer Winston Churchill, in addition to his careers of soldier and politician, was a prolific writer under the pen name \"Winston S. Churchill\". After being commissioned into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895, Churchill gained permission to observe the Cuban War of Independence, and sent war reports to \"The Daily Graphic\". He continued his war journalism in British India, at the Siege of Malakand, then in the Sudan during the Mahdist War and in southern Africa during the Second Boer War. Churchill's fictional output included one novel and a short story, but his main output comprised","psg_id":"11244145"},{"title":"Historiography of the Cold War","text":"Historiography of the Cold War As soon as the term \"Cold War\" was popularized to refer to postwar tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians, political scientists and journalists. In particular, historians have sharply disagreed as to who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet Union–United States relations after the World War II and whether the conflict between the two superpowers was inevitable, or could have been avoided. Historians have also disagreed on what exactly the Cold War was, what the sources","psg_id":"10263093"},{"title":"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War","text":"Vietnamese peace negotiations. Moscow was limited in the peace talks because it did not recognize Israel diplomatically, which enabled the United States to talk to both sides. The U.S. responded to Soviet influence in the Middle East after the Camp David Accords by using economic sanctions to influence the Arab world. Geopolitics transitioned from post-Cold War polarization to 21st-century regional conflicts. The lack of two superpowers destabilized the Middle East as pressure-relieving, limited proxy conflicts grew into greater conflicts which spawned genocide. Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War The Soviet Union used its relationship with Europe to","psg_id":"20127259"},{"title":"Origins of the Cold War","text":"and the Cold War was largely in place in Europe. Outside Europe, the starting points vary in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Events preceding World War II and even the Russian Revolution of 1917, underlay older tensions between the Soviet Union, European countries and the United States. A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions, including the Soviet–German pact in 1939, the Anglo-Americans repeated postponement of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe, the Western allies' support of the Atlantic Charter, Soviet rejection of decisions about Eastern European democracy made in wartime conferences and the Kremlin's","psg_id":"2488499"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"argued, but a genuine German offer to avoid the war. Likewise, Buchanan argues by citing F.H. Hinsley, John Lukacs, and Alan Clark that Hitler's peace offers to Britain in the summer of 1940 were real and so Churchill was wrong to refuse them. Buchanan calls the Morgenthau Plan of 1944 a genocidal plan for the destruction of Germany that was promoted by the vengeful Henry Morgenthau and his deputy, Soviet agent Harry Dexter White, a way of ensuring Soviet domination of Europe, with Churchill being amoral for accepting it. Buchanan even claims a moral equivalence between Churchill and Hitler. Buchanan","psg_id":"12835240"},{"title":"Western Europe","text":"and United Kingdom. Eastern Europe, meanwhile is formed by countries with dominant Eastern Orthodox churches, including Greece, Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine for instance. The schism is the break of communion and theology between what are now the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic from the 11th century, as well as from the 16th century also Protestant) churches. This division dominated Europe for centuries, in opposition to the rather short-lived Cold War division of 4 decades. Since the Great Schism of 1054, Europe has been divided between Roman Catholic and Protestant churches in the West and the Eastern","psg_id":"461490"},{"title":"Western Europe","text":"Orthodox Christian (many times incorrectly labeled \"Greek Orthodox\") churches in the east. Due to this religious cleavage, Eastern Orthodox countries are often associated with Eastern Europe. A cleavage of this sort is, however, often problematic; for example, Greece is overwhelmingly Orthodox, but is very rarely included in \"Eastern Europe\", for a variety of reasons. During the four decades of the Cold War, the definition of East and West was rather simplified by the existence of the Eastern Bloc. Historians and social scientists generally view the Cold War definition of Western and Eastern Europe as outdated or relegating. During the final","psg_id":"461491"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute","text":"in January 1954. While the school was named after the British Prime Minister during the Second World War, Sir Winston Churchill, the school's name does not have a \"Sir\"; it is simply Winston Churchill C.I. The school building was designed by an architectural firm, Carter, Coleman & Rankin and the building completed during the eight-month span. Churchill opened to its first 690 students on September 7, 1954 as the third high school in Scarborough under the founding principal, A. B. Alison. Initially, the facilities began with 20 classrooms, library, cafeteria, main office, and the gymnatorium. Today, Churchill now has a","psg_id":"8519060"},{"title":"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century","text":"suggests that trade was the only way of communication between Western Europe and the Mughal empire. The trade was carried out by the same countries, only there were variations of the proportion of import for those countries, depending on what was going on at that time in Europe and on the alliances the countries tight themselves into. The pattern of Globalization and World entanglement was traced in 17th century through trade. This way the European countries found their place in the Mughal empire, gradually gaining more power over the trade and, consequently, over the empire until the British colonized the","psg_id":"10251035"},{"title":"Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill","text":"been secured. for the general history see Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II. After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, Churchill became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour Government. He would go on to be re-elected as Prime Minister in 1951. Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill The following is a timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill, who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the bulk","psg_id":"19307457"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"the British \"area bombing\" of German cities in World War II a policy of \"barbarism\" and quotes Churchill stating that its purpose was \"simply for the sake of terror.\" In particular, Buchanan argues that the bombing of Dresden in 1945 was barbaric and that Churchill personally ordered it by quoting Churchill himself and Air Marshall Arthur Harris as evidence. Buchanan believes that Churchill was largely responsible for \"Western man's reversion to barbarism\" in World War II and notes that generals like Curtis LeMay, when they bombed Japan, had followed the example set by British Air Marshal Harris in using \"terror","psg_id":"12835245"},{"title":"Winston Churchill High School (Potomac, Maryland)","text":"Winston Churchill High School (Potomac, Maryland) Winston Churchill High School, often referred to as WCHS, Churchill High School, CHS or Churchill, is a high school in Potomac, Maryland, an unincorporated section of Montgomery County, Maryland. The school is named after Sir Winston Churchill, British statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II. Founded in 1964 as Potomac High School, the school's name was changed to \"Winston Churchill High School\" a year later. Churchill is part of the Montgomery County Public Schools system. The majority of the students come from Herbert Hoover Middle School","psg_id":"6378342"},{"title":"Eastern Europe","text":"Belarus, Bulgaria, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine for instance. The schism is the break of communion and theology between what are now the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic from the 11th century, as well as from the 16th century also Protestant) churches. This division dominated Europe for centuries, in opposition to the rather short-lived Cold War division of 4 decades. Since the Great Schism of 1054, Europe has been divided between Roman Catholic and Protestant churches in the West, and the Eastern Orthodox Christian (many times incorrectly labeled \"Greek Orthodox\") churches in the","psg_id":"482208"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"long war. Coining the general term for the upcoming battle, Churchill stated in his \"finest hour\" speech to the House of Commons on 18 June, \"I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin.\" By refusing an armistice with Germany, Churchill kept resistance alive in the British Empire and created the basis for the later Allied counter-attacks of 1942–45, with Britain serving as a platform for the supply of the Soviet Union and the liberation of Western Europe. In response to previous criticisms that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution of the","psg_id":"453147"},{"title":"Canada in the Cold War","text":"array deployed on the edge of the Continental Shelf. The Cold War in Canada came to an end during the period 1990–1995 as the traditional mission to contain Soviet expansion faded into the new realities of warfare. The Cold War required permanent foreign deployments to Western Europe, something which was no longer necessary, and as such bases closed down. Less equipment was needed, and so much was sold off, soon to be replaced by newer equipment designed for future conflicts. At home, bases were closed and operations consolidated and streamlined for maximum efficiency, as by the early 1990s many Canadians","psg_id":"2985894"},{"title":"Winston Churchill as writer","text":"Boston the following year. There are around 135 published booklets of Churchill's individual speeches, including \"Mr Winston Churchill on the Education Bill\" (1902), \"The Fiscal Puzzle: Both Sides Explained by Leading Men'\" (1903), \"Why I am a Free Trader\" (1905) and \"Prisons and Prisoners\" (1910); the following are speeches published in a collected form. Winston Churchill as writer Winston Churchill, in addition to his careers of soldier and politician, was a prolific writer under the pen name \"Winston S. Churchill\". After being commissioned into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895, Churchill gained permission to observe the Cuban War of","psg_id":"11244155"},{"title":"Paneuropean Union","text":"Léon Blum and Georges Pompidou. Winston Churchill lauded the movement's work for a unified Europe prior to the war in his famous Zurich speech in 1946. In 1947, the group formed around Duncan Sandys, Winston Churchill, Edvard Beneš and others split into newly formed European Movement in opposition of Union's strong Christian right. Grounded in liberal values, the Paneuropean Union was considered staunchly anti-communist from its inception and especially during the Cold War. For this reason, the organisation was much reviled by the communist regimes of the Eastern Bloc. The organisation became renowned for its role in organising the Pan-European","psg_id":"3512252"},{"title":"Tanks in the Cold War","text":"M1 Abrams, the Challenger and by any other contemporary Western main battle tank during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Tanks in the Cold War During the Cold War (1945–1990), the two opposing forces in Europe were the Warsaw Pact countries on the one side, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries on the other side. The Warsaw Pact was seen by the West as having an aggressive force outnumbering the NATO forces. Soviet domination of the Warsaw Pact led to effective standardization on a few tank designs. In comparison, NATO adopted a defensive posture. The major contributing nations, France,","psg_id":"7198808"},{"title":"War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II","text":"race\", as ordered by Adolf Hitler in his speech to military commanders on 22 August 1939. This could be seen as an attempt to destroy the entire nation. The invading Germans believed that the Poles were racially inferior to them. From the very beginning of war against Poland, German forces carried out massacres and executions of civilians. Many of these atrocities were not properly researched after the war due to the political divide between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War, wrote Böhler. Polish eyewitness accounts do not identify the German units involved; that information is traceable only through","psg_id":"2622442"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"their trust betrayed and their soldiers wasted.\" Likewise, Buchanan blames British statesmen for bringing Britain into the war against Germany, which caused the economic ruin of Britain but also brought Communists to power in Eastern Europe and China in 1949, all of which would have been avoided if Britain had not \"guaranteed\" Poland in 1939. Buchanan claims that for the most part, American leaders in the Cold War followed the wise advice of Kennan, who understood that a strong Germany was needed as an American ally to keep the Soviet Union out of Central Europe. The United states did not","psg_id":"12835249"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"to prevent it at the conferences. During October 1944, he and Eden were in Moscow to meet with the Russian leadership. At this point, Russian forces were beginning to advance into various eastern European countries. Churchill held the view that until everything was formally and properly worked out at the Yalta conference, there had to be a temporary, war-time, working agreement with regard to who would run what. The most significant of these meetings was held on 9 October 1944 in the Kremlin between Churchill and Stalin. During the meeting, Poland and the Balkan problems were discussed. Churchill told Stalin:","psg_id":"453170"},{"title":"Winston Churchill (1940–2010)","text":"Winston Churchill (1940–2010) Winston Spencer-Churchill (10 October 1940 – 2 March 2010), generally known as Winston Churchill, was a British Conservative politician and a grandson of former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill , in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP. Churchill was born at Chequers just after his grandfather became Prime Minister, a year into World War II, and was educated at Eton College and at Christ Church, Oxford. His famous grandfather died","psg_id":"2478614"},{"title":"Culture during the Cold War","text":"Culture during the Cold War The Cold War was reflected in culture through music, movies, books, television and other media, as well as sports and social beliefs and behavior. One major element of the Cold War was the threat of a nuclear war; another was espionage. Many works use the Cold War as a backdrop, or directly take part in fictional conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The period 1953–62 saw Cold War themes first enter the mainstream culture as a public preoccupation. For the historical context in America see United States in the 1950s. Cloak and","psg_id":"8480227"},{"title":"Origins of the Cold War","text":"the war by freeing up a million German soldiers for the Western Front and by \"relinquishing much of Russia's food supply, industrial base, fuel supplies, and communications with Western Europe.\" According to historian Spencer Tucker, the Allies felt, \"The treaty was the ultimate betrayal of the Allied cause and sowed the seeds for the Cold War. With Brest-Litovsk the spectre of German domination in Eastern Europe threatened to become reality, and the Allies now began to think seriously about military intervention,\" and proceeded to step up their \"economic warfare\" against the Bolsheviks. Some Bolsheviks saw Russia as only the first","psg_id":"2488501"},{"title":"Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill","text":"Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill The following is a timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill, who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the bulk of World War II. His speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult days of 1940–41 when the British Commonwealth and Empire stood almost alone in its active opposition to Nazi Germany. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had","psg_id":"19307456"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, statesman, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a","psg_id":"453036"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Boulevard","text":"Townline is under joint jurisdiction between the Town of Caledon, Town of Erin and Township of East Garafraxa where Winston Churchill forms the boundary between any two of these municipalities. The segment between Highway 407 and Dundas Street is entirely within Peel Region (the region line is shifted west to Highway 407 and 9th Line), and is under the jurisdiction of the City of Mississauga. Within Norval, Winston Churchill Boulevard deviates westward to be situated entirely within the Town of Halton Hills, and is known as Adamson Street. Despite being in Halton Region, it is still signed Peel Regional Road","psg_id":"11880991"},{"title":"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War","text":"fledgling Communist regimes while attacking an Islamic nation. Shuttle diplomacy was instrumental in brokering a Middle Eastern peace. U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger spent considerable time at Middle Eastern peace talks as a neutral party. He explained the reasons behind the need to pull out of Vietnam, which complicated the Middle Eastern talks and the nascent nuclear-nonproliferation-treaty talks. President Richard Nixon used the Sino-Soviet split to begin ending the Cold War by breaking down political and economic barriers between the U.S. and China, further isolated the Soviets. Kissinger spoke about his roles in brokering peace between the Arabs and","psg_id":"20127257"},{"title":"Historiography of the Cold War","text":"and intelligence during the Cold War. Scholars are reviewing how its origins, its course, and its outcome were shaped by the intelligence activities of the United States, the Soviet Union, and other key countries. Special attention is paid to how complex images of one's adversaries were shaped by secret intelligence that is now publicly known. Historiography of the Cold War As soon as the term \"Cold War\" was popularized to refer to postwar tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians, political scientists","psg_id":"10263114"},{"title":"Culture during the Cold War","text":"Japan) was part of the Cold War. Steigerwald reviews the debate by looking at the book \"Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States\" (2012) by Jan L. Logemann: Cold war tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. were the backdrop of sports competitions, especially in hockey and in the Olympics of 1980 and 1984. Playground equipment constructed during the Cold War was intended to foster children's curiosity and excitement about the Space Race. It was installed in both Communist and non-Communist countries throughout the Cold War. Anti-nuclear protests first emerged in the","psg_id":"8480252"},{"title":"CIA and the Cultural Cold War","text":"with the responsibility of preserving and fostering the best cultural traditions of western civilization, as many European artists sought refuge in the United States before, during, and after World War II (Wilford 101). Europe and European Universities turned out to be in the epicenter of the Cultural Cold War. In 1950, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) surreptitiously created the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) to counter the Cominform’s “peace offensive”. The Congress had “offices in thirty-five countries, employed dozens of personnel, published over twenty prestige magazines, held art exhibitions, owned a news and features service, organized high-profile international conferences, and","psg_id":"14060444"},{"title":"The Winston Churchill School, Woking","text":"a week (more frequently for P.E. GCSE students). After school clubs provide extra sports and P.E., and other extra-curricular activities. The Winston Churchill School, Woking The Winston Churchill School is a comprehensive, secondary school in Woking, England. The school was established in 1967. It is near Knaphill, Bisley, West End, Brookwood and Pirbright. The school holds Specialist Sports College status. The Winston Churchill School received a score of \"good\" (OFSTED January 2015) with GCSE results above the national average. \"The curriculum is a strength of the school...teaching is good with aspects that are outstanding...students behaviour both in and out of","psg_id":"7929644"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"speech at Zurich on 19 September 1946 in which he called for \"a kind of United States of Europe\" centred around a Franco-German partnership, with Britain and the Commonwealth, and perhaps the US, as \"friends and sponsors of the new Europe\". \"The Times\" wrote of him \"startling the world\" with \"outrageous propositions\" and warned that there was as yet little appetite for such unity, and that he appeared to be assuming a permanent division between Eastern and Western Europe, and urged \"more humdrum\" economic agreements. Churchill's speech was praised by Leo Amery and by Count Coudenhove-Kalergi who wrote that it","psg_id":"453194"},{"title":"Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War","text":"the Cold War, the Cold War gave U.S. interventionism a new ideological tinge. But by the mid-20th century, much of the region passed through a higher state of economic development, which bolstered the power and ranks of the lower classes. This left calls for social change and political inclusion more pronounced, thus posing a challenge to the strong U.S. influence over the region's economies. In Cuba, the July 26 Movement seized power in January 1959, toppling President Fulgencio Batista, whose unpopular regime had been denied arms by the Eisenhower administration. Diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States continued for","psg_id":"17905253"},{"title":"Canada in the Cold War","text":"Canada in the Cold War During the Cold War, Canada was one of the western powers playing a central role in the major alliances. It was an ally of the United States, but there were several foreign policy differences between the two countries over the course of the Cold War. Canada was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) in 1958 and played a leading role in United Nations peacekeeping operations – from the Korean War to the creation of a permanent UN peacekeeping force during the Suez","psg_id":"2985872"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"war inevitable. Buchanan calls Hitler's foreign policy programme more moderate than the war aims sought by German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg's \"Septemberprogramm\" in World War I. Buchanan contends that Hitler was interested in expanding into only Eastern Europe and did not seek territory in Western Europe and Africa. Moreover, Buchanan argues that once Hitler came to power in 1933, his foreign policy was not governed strictly by Nazi ideology but was modified \"ad hoc\" by pragmatism. Buchanan writes that Benito Mussolini was committed to the Stresa Front of 1935 and that it was an act of folly on the part","psg_id":"12835231"},{"title":"British Commando operations during the Second World War","text":"44 RM Commando, No. 42 RM Commando, and No.1 Army Commando, took part in the coastal landings during the Allied Southern Front offensive of 1944/1945. The campaign culminated in the battle of Hill 170 at Kangaw. For his actions there, Lieutenant George Knowland of 4 Troop No 1 Army Commando was awarded the Victoria Cross. British Commando operations during the Second World War The Commandos formed during the Second World War, following an order from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in June 1940 for a force that could carry out raids against German occupied Europe. Churchill stated in a","psg_id":"14561683"},{"title":"Europe whole and free","text":"socialist rule and its replacement by multi-party, liberal democracies with capitalist economic systems. Less than seven months after Bush’s speech, popular protests had forced out the communist governments of Eastern Europe, and Bush and Gorbachev had held a summit meeting in Malta (on 2–3 December) that some observers regarded as marking the end of the Cold War. In the decades following the Cold War’s end and the collapse (in 1991) of the Soviet Union, European nations and the United States pursued efforts to end Europe’s Cold War divisions. As former communist East European countries held free elections and chose non-communist","psg_id":"18106848"},{"title":"Culture during the Cold War","text":"dagger stories became part of the popular culture of the Cold War in both East and West, with innumerable novels and movies that showed how polarized and dangerous the world was. Soviet audiences thrilled at spy stories showing how their KGB agents protected the motherland by foiling dirty work by America's nefarious CIA, Britain's devious MI-6, and Israel's devilish Mossad. After 1963, Hollywood increasingly depicted the CIA as clowns (as in the comedy TV series \"Get Smart\") or villains (as in Oliver Stone's \"JFK\" (1992). During the Cold War, films functioned as a means to influence and control public opinion","psg_id":"8480228"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"I have been recently for a documentary I’m making. Two serious historians have told me in recent weeks that when they began researching less popular episodes in Churchill's life, they were warned that doing so would either finish their careers, preclude them from promotion, or make them outcasts in academia.\" Winston Churchill has been regularly portrayed in film, television, radio and other media. The depictions range from minor character to the biographical centerpiece, exceeding 30 films, more than two dozen television shows, several stage productions, and countless books. Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was","psg_id":"453262"},{"title":"Culture during the Cold War","text":"of historical materialism to the future, scorning Western nihilistic writings and predicting a peaceful transition to universal communism. Scientocratic visions of the future nevertheless implicitly critiqued the bureaucratically developed socialism of the present. Dissident science fiction writers emerged, such as the Strugatski brothers, Boris and Arkadi, with their \"social fantasies,\" problematizing the role of intervention in the historical process, or Stanislaw Lem's tongue-in-cheek exposures of man's cognitive limitations. In addition to fears of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union, during the Cold War, there were also fears of a direct, large scale conventional conflict between","psg_id":"8480238"},{"title":"Sir Winston Churchill High School","text":"Sir Winston Churchill High School Sir Winston Churchill High School is a senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It derives its name from Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II and the early 1950s. The high school is built in the Northwest community of Brentwood, and currently accommodates 2 150 students as of September 2016. The school offers the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme, various second languages, and numerous clubs and teams. It is consistently ranked one of the best public high schools in Alberta, and has a reputation of being a school of","psg_id":"5552725"},{"title":"Sir Winston Churchill High School","text":"VEX World Robotics Championship in April in Louisville, Kentucky. Sir Winston Churchill High School Sir Winston Churchill High School is a senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It derives its name from Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II and the early 1950s. The high school is built in the Northwest community of Brentwood, and currently accommodates 2 150 students as of September 2016. The school offers the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme, various second languages, and numerous clubs and teams. It is consistently ranked one of the best public high schools in Alberta,","psg_id":"5552745"},{"title":"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold","text":"suspicion of Leamas' escape. She falls and as Smiley calls out to Leamas from the other side of the wall, he hesitates. Then he climbs back down the Eastern side of the wall, to be shot and killed too. At its publication during the Cold War (1945–91), the moral presentation of \"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\" (1963) rendered it a revolutionary espionage novel by showing the intelligence services of both the Eastern and Western nations as engaging in the same expedient amorality in the name of national security. John le Carré also presented his western spy as","psg_id":"1406323"},{"title":"The Internet during the Cold War","text":"The Internet during the Cold War The development of ways to interconnect computers in the United States was heavily affected by needs and demands arising from the Cold War. The system of networked computers known as ARPANET, in service from the late 1960s to 1990, was under military control. ARPANET laid the technical foundations for the present-day Internet. During the Cold War there was constant fear of nuclear attack from the Soviet Union and desire to be \"better\" than the United States at everything. Once the USSR launched Sputnik in 1957 the United States felt that technologically they were falling","psg_id":"16186448"},{"title":"Czechoslovak border fortifications during the Cold War","text":"in the years 1946–1953. After 1950, due to the increased tension between the Eastern and Western Blocs, a more sophisticated system of pillboxes and shelters was built. While the pre-war blockhouses and pillboxes were designed as monoliths of reinforced concrete, the new cold-war bunkers followed the Soviet paradigm and were more like reinforced field fortifications, built from stone and prefabricated concrete elements. Many of the installations from the period 1953–1964, especially those built at the time of Berlin and Cuban crises, were designed for conditions of nuclear war, and many older installations were given enhanced protection against weapons of mass","psg_id":"18312004"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Avenue, Dominican Republic","text":"Winston Churchill Avenue, Dominican Republic The Avenue Winston Churchill is the most important avenue of the central polygon of the National District in the Dominican Republic. This avenue contains the main shopping centres and businesses of Santo Domingo, in addition to attractions and cultural zones, between them in the east is \"The Boulevard of the stars\", inspired by the Walk of the Fame of Hollywood. Hands beside stars of important artists like Juan Luis War, Ángela Carrasco, Freddy Beras Goico, Julio Churches, Óscar of the Income among others. The avenue carries the name of the ex-English prime minister Sir Winston","psg_id":"20048478"},{"title":"British Commando operations during the Second World War","text":"British Commando operations during the Second World War The Commandos formed during the Second World War, following an order from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in June 1940 for a force that could carry out raids against German occupied Europe. Churchill stated in a minute to General Ismay on 6 June 1940: \"Enterprises must be prepared, with specially-trained troops of the hunter class, who can develop a reign of terror down these coasts, first of all on the \"butcher and bolt\" policy...\" Commandos were all volunteers for special service and originally came from the British Army but volunteers would","psg_id":"14561654"},{"title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War","text":"Eastern Europe and a Nazi foreign policy for which that was only the first step towards a larger programme of seeking \"Lebensraum\" by war and genocide in Eastern Europe. Since Buchanan argues that there was a moral equivalence between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, he maintains that Britain should have just allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to destroy each other and that Britain should have meanwhile awaited the course of events and rearmed fast enough to be able to fight if necessary. Buchanan argues that the \"guarantee\" of Poland in 1939 was impossible to fulfill but made the","psg_id":"12835230"},{"title":"Winston Churchill as painter","text":"and the landscapes and buildings of Marrakesh or other various Landscapes that he had the chance to view during his war trips. Winston Churchill as painter Winston Churchill was making landscape drawings inspired by places that saw all over the world but became more of an enthusiastic painter after resigning from the government in 1955. Even though; he started painting earlier while resting between battles while sailing to Cuba, India, and Sudan at 1895–1899; he almost gave up painting and donated locally most of his paintings by that time due to unmerciful treatment of wounded enemy against the army of","psg_id":"18973656"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"a prolific writer, often under the pen name \"Winston S. Churchill\", with the American novelist of the same name to avoid confusion between their works. His output included a novel, two biographies, three volumes of memoirs, and several histories. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953 \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\". Two of his most famous works, published after his first premiership brought his international fame to new heights, were his six-volume memoir \"The Second World War\" and \"A History of the English-Speaking","psg_id":"453225"},{"title":"Cold War","text":"Cold War The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union with its satellite states (the Eastern Bloc), and the United States with its allies (the Western Bloc) after World War II. A common historiography of the conflict begins with 1946, the year U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan's \"Long Telegram\" from Moscow cemented a U.S. foreign policy of containment of Soviet expansionism threatening strategically vital regions, and ending between the Revolutions of 1989 and the 1991 collapse of the USSR, which ended communism in Eastern Europe. The term \"cold\" is used because there was no large-scale","psg_id":"2141600"},{"title":"The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill","text":"The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill is a trilogy of biographies covering the life of Winston Churchill. The first two were published in the 1980s by author and historian William Manchester, who died while working on the last volume. However, before his death, Manchester had selected Paul Reid to complete it, and the final volume was published in November 2012. The 973-page volume was published in 1983. In 2011, the book was placed on \"Time\" magazine's top 100 non-fiction books written in English since 1923. The 756-page volume was published in 1988. The 1232-page","psg_id":"14208220"},{"title":"Cold War","text":"crush anti-communist resistance. When the slightest stirrings of independence emerged in the Bloc, Stalin's strategy matched that of dealing with domestic pre-war rivals: they were removed from power, put on trial, imprisoned, and in several instances, executed. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was concerned that, given the enormous size of Soviet forces deployed in Europe at the end of the war, and the perception that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was unreliable, there existed a Soviet threat to Western Europe. After World War II, US officials guided Western European leaders in establishing their own secret security force to prevent subversion in","psg_id":"2141629"},{"title":"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century","text":"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century Contact between Western Europe and the Mughal empire was put into practice in the very beginning of the 17th century. The Portuguese, English, and later on, the Dutch were the ones to trade with the Mughal empire. As the first Islamic power on the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal empire was more interested in assimilating the land, studying the history, customs and religion of the people occupying this area, and communicating with the other two Islamic empires – the Saffavid and the Ottoman Empires. The Mughal empire was blessed","psg_id":"10251027"},{"title":"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century","text":"occasions but also as a regular act of just revering the emperor. Jahangir was the emperor who was the most associated to alcohol but all the rest of the Great Mughals appreciated it too, with the exception of Aurangzeb (who loathed it). Wine and alcohol in general was as well used for negotiations and, was therefore a very important part of the trading process. The trade in India was implemented mainly on the coast. During the 17th century there were two big countries. Two and a half centuries of trade between India and Western Europe led to the downfall of","psg_id":"10251033"},{"title":"Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War","text":"Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War Free speech in the media during the Libyan civil war describes the ability of domestic and international media to report news inside Libya free from interference and censorship during the civil war. This synopsis from Al Jazeera gives a sense of what the media war was like as of 12 March: When protests first began in Libya the media presence there was scarce so the story filtered out via social media thanks to courageous citizen journalists. Then, when the fighting intensified, global media numbers increased exponentially. Now there are","psg_id":"15460829"},{"title":"Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church","text":"the East–West Schism of 1054. This schism was caused by historical and linguistic developments, and the ensuing theological differences between the Western and Eastern churches. The Roman Empire was divided into a predominantly Greek speaking Eastern half and a Latin speaking Western half, resulting in a separation into two empires: The Western Empire and the Eastern Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire or Byzantium) with the passing of Theodosius I in AD 395. With the fall of the Western Empire in 476 AD, the whole of what had been the western part of the empire was ruled by Germanic","psg_id":"12938817"},{"title":"Later life of Winston Churchill","text":"and made his voice heard on proposals which he strongly opposed. The first major issue where Churchill made his view known was whether or not to release India from British control. In a speech to the House of Commons in early March 1947, Churchill warned against handing power over to India too soon. Churchill felt that the political parties in India did not truly represent the people, and that in a few years no trace of the new government would remain. Winston Churchill was an early supporter of pan-Europeanism. In his speech at the University of Zurich in 1946, Winston","psg_id":"11430791"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"years younger than before the war began ... His uplifted spirit is transmitted to the people\". Churchill's physical health became more fragile during the war; he suffered a mild heart attack in December 1941 at the White House, and in December 1943 contracted pneumonia. Despite this, Churchill travelled over throughout the war to meet other national leaders. For security, he usually travelled using the alias Colonel Warden. Since the appearance in 1966 of Lord Moran's memoir of his years as Churchill's doctor, with its claim that \"Black Dog\" was the name Churchill gave to \"the prolonged fits of depression from","psg_id":"453153"},{"title":"MS Winston Churchill","text":"during a refit at Esbjerg in April 1996, and she was subsequently repaired and sold to Empress Cruise Lines, becoming the \"Mayan Empress\". She was eventually sold for scrap in India in 2004. MS Winston Churchill The MS \"Winston Churchill\" was built in 1967 by Cantieri Navali del Tirreno e Riuniti S.P.A. Riva Trigoso, Genoa, Italy. The \"Winston Churchill\" was built as a car ferry for the Scandinavian Seaways DFDS service from Esbjerg to Harwich, and proved a very successful vessel on the route. As demand for vehicle-carrying services grew, larger vessels were required for the route and the \"Winston","psg_id":"10042936"},{"title":"Winston Churchill","text":"\"the last secret\" of the Second World War. The operation decided the fate of up to two million post-war refugees fleeing eastern Europe. There has been debate over Churchill's culpability in the deaths of millions of Indians during the Bengal famine of 1943. Some commentators point to the disruption of the traditional marketing system and maladministration at the provincial level as a cause, with Churchill saying that the famine was the Indians' own fault for \"breeding like rabbits\". Adam Jones, editor of the \"Journal of Genocide Research\", calls Churchill \"a genuine genocidaire\", noting that the British leader called Indians a","psg_id":"453172"},{"title":"Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute","text":"Frisbee, Rugby, Cricket, Volleyball, Badminton, and many others. After many years a football program has been reintroduced, with Churchill teaming up with Bendale BTI. The school colours were originally scarlet and silver, as an ode to the coat of arms of Winston Churchill, they have since been changed to black, white, grey and purple after a deal with the Western Ontario Mustangs team. The Churchill mascot is the Winston Churchill Bull Dog. The school has a big painting of a bull dog in the schools upper gym . Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute (Winston Churchill CI, WCCI,","psg_id":"8519066"},{"title":"Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square","text":"Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square The statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London, is a bronze sculpture of the former British prime minister Winston Churchill, created by Ivor Roberts-Jones. It is located on a spot referred to in the 1950s by Churchill as \"where my statue will go\". It was unveiled by his widow Baroness Clementine Spencer-Churchill in 1973, at a ceremony attended by the serving Prime Minister and four former Prime Ministers, while Queen Elizabeth II gave a speech. The statue is one of twelve on or around Parliament Square, most of well-known statesmen. The statue is","psg_id":"15939912"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Range\",\n \"text\": \"of which is not part of the range. This range includes the following mountains and peaks: Winston Churchill Range The Winston Churchill Range is a mountain range in the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies located in Jasper National Park. The range was named after Sir Winston Churchill, former British prime minister. The eastern boundary of the range begins on the western side of Sunwapta River from the Jasper and Banff boundary and extends north to Sunwapta Falls. The western boundary of the range is defined by the Athabasca River valley to the east of Warwick Mountain. The valley narrows\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3068597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Range\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill Range The Winston Churchill Range is a mountain range in the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies located in Jasper National Park. The range was named after Sir Winston Churchill, former British prime minister. The eastern boundary of the range begins on the western side of Sunwapta River from the Jasper and Banff boundary and extends north to Sunwapta Falls. The western boundary of the range is defined by the Athabasca River valley to the east of Warwick Mountain. The valley narrows as it approaches the Continental Divide, and separates Mt. Columbia from Mt. King Edward, the latter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3068596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origins of the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"to describe the postwar tensions between the U.S.- and Soviet-led blocs was popularized by Bernard Baruch, a U.S. financier and an adviser to Harry Truman, who used the term during a speech before the South Carolina state legislature on April 16, 1947. Since the term \\\"Cold War\\\" was popularized in 1947, there has been extensive disagreement in many political and scholarly discourses on what exactly were the sources of postwar tensions. In the American historiography, there has been disagreement as to who was responsible for the quick unraveling of the wartime alliance between 1945 and 1947, and on whether the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2488555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Boulevard\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill Boulevard Winston Churchill Boulevard is a long north-south roadway that predominately forms the western boundary of Peel Region with the eastern boundaries of Halton Region and Wellington County, in Ontario, Canada. The road begins at Lakeshore Road in the south at the boundaries of the City of Mississauga the Town of Oakville, and ends in Caledon at East Garafraxa-Caledon Townline. The road is named in honour of British Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill. The road is designated as Peel Regional Road 19 in the two segments where it forms Peel's boundary with the aforementioned divisions: Halton Region shares\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11880989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World, is a book by Patrick J. Buchanan, published in May 2008. Buchanan argues that both world wars were unnecessary and that the British Empire's decision to fight in them was disastrous for the world. One of Buchanan's express purposes is to undermine what he describes as a \\\"Churchill cult\\\" in America's élite and so he focuses particularly on how Winston Churchill helped Britain get into wars with Germany in 1914 and again in 1939. Buchanan cites many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Boulevard\",\n \"text\": \"19 along Adamson St. Within Terra Cotta, Winston Churchill deviates eastward to be situated entirely within the Town of Caledon. It is concurrent with Peel Regional Road 9 (King Street) for approximately 550 metres. Winston Churchill Boulevard Winston Churchill Boulevard is a long north-south roadway that predominately forms the western boundary of Peel Region with the eastern boundaries of Halton Region and Wellington County, in Ontario, Canada. The road begins at Lakeshore Road in the south at the boundaries of the City of Mississauga the Town of Oakville, and ends in Caledon at East Garafraxa-Caledon Townline. The road is named\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11880992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years\",\n \"text\": \"shout.\\\" Hardy's performance as Churchill won a BAFTA nomination in 1982. Eric Porter as Neville Chamberlain also received praise. The series was nominated for a total of 8 BAFTA awards, namely: Hardy also portrayed Churchill in \\\"The Sittaford Mystery\\\", \\\"Bomber Harris\\\" and \\\"War and Remembrance\\\". At the 50th anniversary celebrations of the end of World War II in 1995, he quoted a number of Churchill's wartime speeches in character. Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years is an eight-part 1981 drama serial based on Winston Churchill's years in during the 1920s and 1930s. It was made by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11991187\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Later life of Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere. According to a memorandum from the FBI's archives, in 1947 Winston Churchill urged the US to conduct a preemptive nuclear strike against the Soviet Union in order to win the Cold War, before it's too late. Churchill reportedly spoke to right-wing Republican senator Styles Bridges, asking him to persuade then-President Harry Truman to launch a nuclear strike\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11430795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War The Soviet Union used its relationship with Europe to gain economic cooperation with the Arab world during the Cold War and its influence in the Middle East by inciting proxy conflicts between the Arab states and their Jewish neighbors. The superpowers interacted with proxy combatants, which factored into the Soviet Union's omission from the Camp David Accords. The policy exposed Soviet dualism; while aiming to reduce their military budget and improve their image on the world stage, they pursued an anti-Israel policy in the Arabian Peninsula. The Middle East went from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20127249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Winston Churchill School, Woking\",\n \"text\": \"The Winston Churchill School, Woking The Winston Churchill School is a comprehensive, secondary school in Woking, England. The school was established in 1967. It is near Knaphill, Bisley, West End, Brookwood and Pirbright. The school holds Specialist Sports College status. The Winston Churchill School received a score of \\\"good\\\" (OFSTED January 2015) with GCSE results above the national average. \\\"The curriculum is a strength of the school...teaching is good with aspects that are outstanding...students behaviour both in and out of classrooms is good\\\" and \\\"students feel safe & secure\\\". Teaching occurs during one-hour lessons with Physical Education (P.E.) lessons twice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7929643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"cities in Italy, more than 250,000 people protested in Bonn, 250,000 demonstrated in London, and 100,000 marched in Brussels. The largest anti-nuclear protest was held on June 12, 1982, when one million people demonstrated in New York City against nuclear weapons. In October 1983, nearly 3 million people across western Europe protested nuclear missile deployments and demanded an end to the arms race; the largest crowd of almost one million people assembled in the Hague in the Netherlands. In Britain, 400,000 people participated in what was probably the largest demonstration in British history. Culture during the Cold War The Cold\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8480254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Canada in the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"tank battles once feared would rage across Western Europe. It is with Canada's late-Cold War and early-Peacekeeping Era military that Canada would embark on its deployment to Afghanistan, currently Canada's longest-running war. Canada in the Cold War During the Cold War, Canada was one of the western powers playing a central role in the major alliances. It was an ally of the United States, but there were several foreign policy differences between the two countries over the course of the Cold War. Canada was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, the North American Aerospace\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2985897\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill and the Generals\",\n \"text\": \"Second World War?\\\")' Timothy West won the John Logie Baird performance award (1980). He reprised the role of Churchill in \\\"The Last Bastion\\\" (1984) and \\\"Hiroshima\\\" (1995). Churchill and the Generals Churchill and the Generals is a 1979 BBC television drama concerning the relationship between Winston Churchill and generals of the Allied forces, set in the Cabinet Office and War Rooms between 1940 and 1945. It was written by Ian Curteis (with Peter Young as military advisor). It was first broadcast on BBC 2 on 23 September 1979, and repeated on BBC 1 on 22 August 1981. It screened on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15288815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill's 5th October Speech to the House of Commons\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill's 5th October Speech to the House of Commons Winston Churchill's 5th October 1938, Speech to the House of Commons Titled \\\"Policy of His Majesty's Government\\\", Winston Churchill foreshadows the fate of Europe after the signing of the Munich Agreement on 30 September 1938. Churchill, a Conservative in the House of Commons, was strongly against Prime Minister's Neville Chamberlain's policy of Appeasement. The Munich Agreement ceded the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to avoid an armed conflict with Hitler's Germany. The speech took place on 5 October 1938 in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Following\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18741793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"of the Germans from Eastern Europe, in which 2 million died, a crime against humanity \\\"of historic dimensions\\\" and contrasts the British prosecution of German leaders at the Nuremberg Trials for crimes against humanity while Churchill and other British leaders were approving the expulsion of the Germans from Eastern Europe. Buchanan also writes that the United States should have stayed out of the events of World War II. However, because the United States insisted for the United Kingdom to sever the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in 1921, Japan ultimately aligned itself with the Axis and later attacked Pearl Harbor. Buchanan blames Churchill\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835247\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill and the Generals\",\n \"text\": \"Churchill and the Generals Churchill and the Generals is a 1979 BBC television drama concerning the relationship between Winston Churchill and generals of the Allied forces, set in the Cabinet Office and War Rooms between 1940 and 1945. It was written by Ian Curteis (with Peter Young as military advisor). It was first broadcast on BBC 2 on 23 September 1979, and repeated on BBC 1 on 22 August 1981. It screened on 5 March 1981 in the United States. \\\"The Times\\\" television critic Michael Ratcliffe wrote: \\\"'Churchill\\\", though trivial, was intermittently moving and fun (alternative title: \\\"Punch in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15288814\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"fulfil its promises. Buchanan expresses the view that just as Chamberlain's \\\"guarantee\\\" of Poland in March 1939 caused an \\\"unnecessary war\\\" with Germany in September, the current guarantees of Eastern European nations by the United States are equally unwise and require a declaration of war with Russia if a hostile regime ascended to power in the latter country and attacked Eastern Europe. However, the United States has no vital interests in Eastern Europe. Finally, Buchanan highlights the symbolism of Bush placing a bust of Churchill in the Oval Office as evidence that Bush's neoconservative foreign policy was influenced and inspired\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835251\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"bombing\\\" as a method of war against Gernany.; Buchanan quotes LeMay himself \\\"We scorched and boiled and baked to death more people in Tokyo that night of March 9–10 than went up in the vapour of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.\\\" Buchanan concludes, \\\"We and the British fought for moral ends. We did not always use moral means by any Christian definition.\\\" Endorsing the concept of Western betrayal, Buchanan accuses Churchill and Roosevelt of turning over Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union at the Tehran Conference and the Yalta Conference. Citing the Cuban-American lawyer Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, Buchanan calls the expulsion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835246\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years is an eight-part 1981 drama serial based on Winston Churchill's years in during the 1920s and 1930s. It was made by Southern Television on a budget of £3¼ million and originally broadcast on ITV on Sunday nights at 10 pm. It was written and directed by Ferdinand Fairfax, with historian Martin Gilbert as co-writer. Churchill was played by Robert Hardy, who earned a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor and went on to play him in several other productions. The series focuses on the decade from 1929 to 1939 during which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11991183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"the United Kingdom during the Second World War. It was published on November 6, 2012, 24 years after the publication of the previous volume. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill is a trilogy of biographies covering the life of Winston Churchill. The first two were published in the 1980s by author and historian William Manchester, who died while working on the last volume. However, before his death, Manchester had selected Paul Reid to complete it, and the final volume was published in November 2012. The 973-page volume was published in 1983. In 2011, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14208223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"quid pro quo\\\" for Germany staying out of Western Europe would have been better than World War II. Buchanan argues that it was a great blunder on the part of Chamberlain to declare war on Germany in 1939 and that it was an even greater blunder on the part of Churchill to refuse Hitler's peace offer of 1940, thus making World War II in Buchanan's opinion the \\\"unnecessary war\\\" of the title. The title of course was borrowed from Churchill, who stated in his memoirs, \\\"One day President Roosevelt told me that he was asking publicly for suggestions about\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835238\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill as writer\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill as writer Winston Churchill, in addition to his careers of soldier and politician, was a prolific writer under the pen name \\\"Winston S. Churchill\\\". After being commissioned into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895, Churchill gained permission to observe the Cuban War of Independence, and sent war reports to \\\"The Daily Graphic\\\". He continued his war journalism in British India, at the Siege of Malakand, then in the Sudan during the Mahdist War and in southern Africa during the Second Boer War. Churchill's fictional output included one novel and a short story, but his main output comprised\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11244145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Historiography of the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Historiography of the Cold War As soon as the term \\\"Cold War\\\" was popularized to refer to postwar tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians, political scientists and journalists. In particular, historians have sharply disagreed as to who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet Union–United States relations after the World War II and whether the conflict between the two superpowers was inevitable, or could have been avoided. Historians have also disagreed on what exactly the Cold War was, what the sources\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10263093\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnamese peace negotiations. Moscow was limited in the peace talks because it did not recognize Israel diplomatically, which enabled the United States to talk to both sides. The U.S. responded to Soviet influence in the Middle East after the Camp David Accords by using economic sanctions to influence the Arab world. Geopolitics transitioned from post-Cold War polarization to 21st-century regional conflicts. The lack of two superpowers destabilized the Middle East as pressure-relieving, limited proxy conflicts grew into greater conflicts which spawned genocide. Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War The Soviet Union used its relationship with Europe to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20127259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origins of the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"and the Cold War was largely in place in Europe. Outside Europe, the starting points vary in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Events preceding World War II and even the Russian Revolution of 1917, underlay older tensions between the Soviet Union, European countries and the United States. A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions, including the Soviet–German pact in 1939, the Anglo-Americans repeated postponement of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe, the Western allies' support of the Atlantic Charter, Soviet rejection of decisions about Eastern European democracy made in wartime conferences and the Kremlin's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2488499\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"argued, but a genuine German offer to avoid the war. Likewise, Buchanan argues by citing F.H. Hinsley, John Lukacs, and Alan Clark that Hitler's peace offers to Britain in the summer of 1940 were real and so Churchill was wrong to refuse them. Buchanan calls the Morgenthau Plan of 1944 a genocidal plan for the destruction of Germany that was promoted by the vengeful Henry Morgenthau and his deputy, Soviet agent Harry Dexter White, a way of ensuring Soviet domination of Europe, with Churchill being amoral for accepting it. Buchanan even claims a moral equivalence between Churchill and Hitler. Buchanan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Western Europe\",\n \"text\": \"and United Kingdom. Eastern Europe, meanwhile is formed by countries with dominant Eastern Orthodox churches, including Greece, Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine for instance. The schism is the break of communion and theology between what are now the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic from the 11th century, as well as from the 16th century also Protestant) churches. This division dominated Europe for centuries, in opposition to the rather short-lived Cold War division of 4 decades. Since the Great Schism of 1054, Europe has been divided between Roman Catholic and Protestant churches in the West and the Eastern\",\n \"psg_id\": \"461490\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Western Europe\",\n \"text\": \"Orthodox Christian (many times incorrectly labeled \\\"Greek Orthodox\\\") churches in the east. Due to this religious cleavage, Eastern Orthodox countries are often associated with Eastern Europe. A cleavage of this sort is, however, often problematic; for example, Greece is overwhelmingly Orthodox, but is very rarely included in \\\"Eastern Europe\\\", for a variety of reasons. During the four decades of the Cold War, the definition of East and West was rather simplified by the existence of the Eastern Bloc. Historians and social scientists generally view the Cold War definition of Western and Eastern Europe as outdated or relegating. During the final\",\n \"psg_id\": \"461491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute\",\n \"text\": \"in January 1954. While the school was named after the British Prime Minister during the Second World War, Sir Winston Churchill, the school's name does not have a \\\"Sir\\\"; it is simply Winston Churchill C.I. The school building was designed by an architectural firm, Carter, Coleman & Rankin and the building completed during the eight-month span. Churchill opened to its first 690 students on September 7, 1954 as the third high school in Scarborough under the founding principal, A. B. Alison. Initially, the facilities began with 20 classrooms, library, cafeteria, main office, and the gymnatorium. Today, Churchill now has a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8519060\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century\",\n \"text\": \"suggests that trade was the only way of communication between Western Europe and the Mughal empire. The trade was carried out by the same countries, only there were variations of the proportion of import for those countries, depending on what was going on at that time in Europe and on the alliances the countries tight themselves into. The pattern of Globalization and World entanglement was traced in 17th century through trade. This way the European countries found their place in the Mughal empire, gradually gaining more power over the trade and, consequently, over the empire until the British colonized the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10251035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"been secured. for the general history see Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II. After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, Churchill became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour Government. He would go on to be re-elected as Prime Minister in 1951. Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill The following is a timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill, who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the bulk\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19307457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"the British \\\"area bombing\\\" of German cities in World War II a policy of \\\"barbarism\\\" and quotes Churchill stating that its purpose was \\\"simply for the sake of terror.\\\" In particular, Buchanan argues that the bombing of Dresden in 1945 was barbaric and that Churchill personally ordered it by quoting Churchill himself and Air Marshall Arthur Harris as evidence. Buchanan believes that Churchill was largely responsible for \\\"Western man's reversion to barbarism\\\" in World War II and notes that generals like Curtis LeMay, when they bombed Japan, had followed the example set by British Air Marshal Harris in using \\\"terror\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill High School (Potomac, Maryland)\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill High School (Potomac, Maryland) Winston Churchill High School, often referred to as WCHS, Churchill High School, CHS or Churchill, is a high school in Potomac, Maryland, an unincorporated section of Montgomery County, Maryland. The school is named after Sir Winston Churchill, British statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II. Founded in 1964 as Potomac High School, the school's name was changed to \\\"Winston Churchill High School\\\" a year later. Churchill is part of the Montgomery County Public Schools system. The majority of the students come from Herbert Hoover Middle School\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6378342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eastern Europe\",\n \"text\": \"Belarus, Bulgaria, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine for instance. The schism is the break of communion and theology between what are now the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic from the 11th century, as well as from the 16th century also Protestant) churches. This division dominated Europe for centuries, in opposition to the rather short-lived Cold War division of 4 decades. Since the Great Schism of 1054, Europe has been divided between Roman Catholic and Protestant churches in the West, and the Eastern Orthodox Christian (many times incorrectly labeled \\\"Greek Orthodox\\\") churches in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"482208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"long war. Coining the general term for the upcoming battle, Churchill stated in his \\\"finest hour\\\" speech to the House of Commons on 18 June, \\\"I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin.\\\" By refusing an armistice with Germany, Churchill kept resistance alive in the British Empire and created the basis for the later Allied counter-attacks of 1942–45, with Britain serving as a platform for the supply of the Soviet Union and the liberation of Western Europe. In response to previous criticisms that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Canada in the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"array deployed on the edge of the Continental Shelf. The Cold War in Canada came to an end during the period 1990–1995 as the traditional mission to contain Soviet expansion faded into the new realities of warfare. The Cold War required permanent foreign deployments to Western Europe, something which was no longer necessary, and as such bases closed down. Less equipment was needed, and so much was sold off, soon to be replaced by newer equipment designed for future conflicts. At home, bases were closed and operations consolidated and streamlined for maximum efficiency, as by the early 1990s many Canadians\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2985894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill as writer\",\n \"text\": \"Boston the following year. There are around 135 published booklets of Churchill's individual speeches, including \\\"Mr Winston Churchill on the Education Bill\\\" (1902), \\\"The Fiscal Puzzle: Both Sides Explained by Leading Men'\\\" (1903), \\\"Why I am a Free Trader\\\" (1905) and \\\"Prisons and Prisoners\\\" (1910); the following are speeches published in a collected form. Winston Churchill as writer Winston Churchill, in addition to his careers of soldier and politician, was a prolific writer under the pen name \\\"Winston S. Churchill\\\". After being commissioned into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895, Churchill gained permission to observe the Cuban War of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11244155\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paneuropean Union\",\n \"text\": \"Léon Blum and Georges Pompidou. Winston Churchill lauded the movement's work for a unified Europe prior to the war in his famous Zurich speech in 1946. In 1947, the group formed around Duncan Sandys, Winston Churchill, Edvard Beneš and others split into newly formed European Movement in opposition of Union's strong Christian right. Grounded in liberal values, the Paneuropean Union was considered staunchly anti-communist from its inception and especially during the Cold War. For this reason, the organisation was much reviled by the communist regimes of the Eastern Bloc. The organisation became renowned for its role in organising the Pan-European\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3512252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tanks in the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"M1 Abrams, the Challenger and by any other contemporary Western main battle tank during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Tanks in the Cold War During the Cold War (1945–1990), the two opposing forces in Europe were the Warsaw Pact countries on the one side, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries on the other side. The Warsaw Pact was seen by the West as having an aggressive force outnumbering the NATO forces. Soviet domination of the Warsaw Pact led to effective standardization on a few tank designs. In comparison, NATO adopted a defensive posture. The major contributing nations, France,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7198808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II\",\n \"text\": \"race\\\", as ordered by Adolf Hitler in his speech to military commanders on 22 August 1939. This could be seen as an attempt to destroy the entire nation. The invading Germans believed that the Poles were racially inferior to them. From the very beginning of war against Poland, German forces carried out massacres and executions of civilians. Many of these atrocities were not properly researched after the war due to the political divide between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War, wrote Böhler. Polish eyewitness accounts do not identify the German units involved; that information is traceable only through\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2622442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"their trust betrayed and their soldiers wasted.\\\" Likewise, Buchanan blames British statesmen for bringing Britain into the war against Germany, which caused the economic ruin of Britain but also brought Communists to power in Eastern Europe and China in 1949, all of which would have been avoided if Britain had not \\\"guaranteed\\\" Poland in 1939. Buchanan claims that for the most part, American leaders in the Cold War followed the wise advice of Kennan, who understood that a strong Germany was needed as an American ally to keep the Soviet Union out of Central Europe. The United states did not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"to prevent it at the conferences. During October 1944, he and Eden were in Moscow to meet with the Russian leadership. At this point, Russian forces were beginning to advance into various eastern European countries. Churchill held the view that until everything was formally and properly worked out at the Yalta conference, there had to be a temporary, war-time, working agreement with regard to who would run what. The most significant of these meetings was held on 9 October 1944 in the Kremlin between Churchill and Stalin. During the meeting, Poland and the Balkan problems were discussed. Churchill told Stalin:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill (1940–2010)\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill (1940–2010) Winston Spencer-Churchill (10 October 1940 – 2 March 2010), generally known as Winston Churchill, was a British Conservative politician and a grandson of former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill , in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP. Churchill was born at Chequers just after his grandfather became Prime Minister, a year into World War II, and was educated at Eton College and at Christ Church, Oxford. His famous grandfather died\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2478614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Culture during the Cold War The Cold War was reflected in culture through music, movies, books, television and other media, as well as sports and social beliefs and behavior. One major element of the Cold War was the threat of a nuclear war; another was espionage. Many works use the Cold War as a backdrop, or directly take part in fictional conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The period 1953–62 saw Cold War themes first enter the mainstream culture as a public preoccupation. For the historical context in America see United States in the 1950s. Cloak and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8480227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origins of the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"the war by freeing up a million German soldiers for the Western Front and by \\\"relinquishing much of Russia's food supply, industrial base, fuel supplies, and communications with Western Europe.\\\" According to historian Spencer Tucker, the Allies felt, \\\"The treaty was the ultimate betrayal of the Allied cause and sowed the seeds for the Cold War. With Brest-Litovsk the spectre of German domination in Eastern Europe threatened to become reality, and the Allies now began to think seriously about military intervention,\\\" and proceeded to step up their \\\"economic warfare\\\" against the Bolsheviks. Some Bolsheviks saw Russia as only the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2488501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill The following is a timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill, who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the bulk of World War II. His speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult days of 1940–41 when the British Commonwealth and Empire stood almost alone in its active opposition to Nazi Germany. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19307456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, statesman, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Boulevard\",\n \"text\": \"Townline is under joint jurisdiction between the Town of Caledon, Town of Erin and Township of East Garafraxa where Winston Churchill forms the boundary between any two of these municipalities. The segment between Highway 407 and Dundas Street is entirely within Peel Region (the region line is shifted west to Highway 407 and 9th Line), and is under the jurisdiction of the City of Mississauga. Within Norval, Winston Churchill Boulevard deviates westward to be situated entirely within the Town of Halton Hills, and is known as Adamson Street. Despite being in Halton Region, it is still signed Peel Regional Road\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11880991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"fledgling Communist regimes while attacking an Islamic nation. Shuttle diplomacy was instrumental in brokering a Middle Eastern peace. U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger spent considerable time at Middle Eastern peace talks as a neutral party. He explained the reasons behind the need to pull out of Vietnam, which complicated the Middle Eastern talks and the nascent nuclear-nonproliferation-treaty talks. President Richard Nixon used the Sino-Soviet split to begin ending the Cold War by breaking down political and economic barriers between the U.S. and China, further isolated the Soviets. Kissinger spoke about his roles in brokering peace between the Arabs and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20127257\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Historiography of the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"and intelligence during the Cold War. Scholars are reviewing how its origins, its course, and its outcome were shaped by the intelligence activities of the United States, the Soviet Union, and other key countries. Special attention is paid to how complex images of one's adversaries were shaped by secret intelligence that is now publicly known. Historiography of the Cold War As soon as the term \\\"Cold War\\\" was popularized to refer to postwar tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians, political scientists\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10263114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Japan) was part of the Cold War. Steigerwald reviews the debate by looking at the book \\\"Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States\\\" (2012) by Jan L. Logemann: Cold war tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. were the backdrop of sports competitions, especially in hockey and in the Olympics of 1980 and 1984. Playground equipment constructed during the Cold War was intended to foster children's curiosity and excitement about the Space Race. It was installed in both Communist and non-Communist countries throughout the Cold War. Anti-nuclear protests first emerged in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8480252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"CIA and the Cultural Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"with the responsibility of preserving and fostering the best cultural traditions of western civilization, as many European artists sought refuge in the United States before, during, and after World War II (Wilford 101). Europe and European Universities turned out to be in the epicenter of the Cultural Cold War. In 1950, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) surreptitiously created the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) to counter the Cominform’s “peace offensive”. The Congress had “offices in thirty-five countries, employed dozens of personnel, published over twenty prestige magazines, held art exhibitions, owned a news and features service, organized high-profile international conferences, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14060444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Winston Churchill School, Woking\",\n \"text\": \"a week (more frequently for P.E. GCSE students). After school clubs provide extra sports and P.E., and other extra-curricular activities. The Winston Churchill School, Woking The Winston Churchill School is a comprehensive, secondary school in Woking, England. The school was established in 1967. It is near Knaphill, Bisley, West End, Brookwood and Pirbright. The school holds Specialist Sports College status. The Winston Churchill School received a score of \\\"good\\\" (OFSTED January 2015) with GCSE results above the national average. \\\"The curriculum is a strength of the school...teaching is good with aspects that are outstanding...students behaviour both in and out of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7929644\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"speech at Zurich on 19 September 1946 in which he called for \\\"a kind of United States of Europe\\\" centred around a Franco-German partnership, with Britain and the Commonwealth, and perhaps the US, as \\\"friends and sponsors of the new Europe\\\". \\\"The Times\\\" wrote of him \\\"startling the world\\\" with \\\"outrageous propositions\\\" and warned that there was as yet little appetite for such unity, and that he appeared to be assuming a permanent division between Eastern and Western Europe, and urged \\\"more humdrum\\\" economic agreements. Churchill's speech was praised by Leo Amery and by Count Coudenhove-Kalergi who wrote that it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453194\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"the Cold War, the Cold War gave U.S. interventionism a new ideological tinge. But by the mid-20th century, much of the region passed through a higher state of economic development, which bolstered the power and ranks of the lower classes. This left calls for social change and political inclusion more pronounced, thus posing a challenge to the strong U.S. influence over the region's economies. In Cuba, the July 26 Movement seized power in January 1959, toppling President Fulgencio Batista, whose unpopular regime had been denied arms by the Eisenhower administration. Diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States continued for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17905253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Canada in the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Canada in the Cold War During the Cold War, Canada was one of the western powers playing a central role in the major alliances. It was an ally of the United States, but there were several foreign policy differences between the two countries over the course of the Cold War. Canada was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) in 1958 and played a leading role in United Nations peacekeeping operations – from the Korean War to the creation of a permanent UN peacekeeping force during the Suez\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2985872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"war inevitable. Buchanan calls Hitler's foreign policy programme more moderate than the war aims sought by German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg's \\\"Septemberprogramm\\\" in World War I. Buchanan contends that Hitler was interested in expanding into only Eastern Europe and did not seek territory in Western Europe and Africa. Moreover, Buchanan argues that once Hitler came to power in 1933, his foreign policy was not governed strictly by Nazi ideology but was modified \\\"ad hoc\\\" by pragmatism. Buchanan writes that Benito Mussolini was committed to the Stresa Front of 1935 and that it was an act of folly on the part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"British Commando operations during the Second World War\",\n \"text\": \"44 RM Commando, No. 42 RM Commando, and No.1 Army Commando, took part in the coastal landings during the Allied Southern Front offensive of 1944/1945. The campaign culminated in the battle of Hill 170 at Kangaw. For his actions there, Lieutenant George Knowland of 4 Troop No 1 Army Commando was awarded the Victoria Cross. British Commando operations during the Second World War The Commandos formed during the Second World War, following an order from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in June 1940 for a force that could carry out raids against German occupied Europe. Churchill stated in a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14561683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Europe whole and free\",\n \"text\": \"socialist rule and its replacement by multi-party, liberal democracies with capitalist economic systems. Less than seven months after Bush’s speech, popular protests had forced out the communist governments of Eastern Europe, and Bush and Gorbachev had held a summit meeting in Malta (on 2–3 December) that some observers regarded as marking the end of the Cold War. In the decades following the Cold War’s end and the collapse (in 1991) of the Soviet Union, European nations and the United States pursued efforts to end Europe’s Cold War divisions. As former communist East European countries held free elections and chose non-communist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18106848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"dagger stories became part of the popular culture of the Cold War in both East and West, with innumerable novels and movies that showed how polarized and dangerous the world was. Soviet audiences thrilled at spy stories showing how their KGB agents protected the motherland by foiling dirty work by America's nefarious CIA, Britain's devious MI-6, and Israel's devilish Mossad. After 1963, Hollywood increasingly depicted the CIA as clowns (as in the comedy TV series \\\"Get Smart\\\") or villains (as in Oliver Stone's \\\"JFK\\\" (1992). During the Cold War, films functioned as a means to influence and control public opinion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8480228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"I have been recently for a documentary I’m making. Two serious historians have told me in recent weeks that when they began researching less popular episodes in Churchill's life, they were warned that doing so would either finish their careers, preclude them from promotion, or make them outcasts in academia.\\\" Winston Churchill has been regularly portrayed in film, television, radio and other media. The depictions range from minor character to the biographical centerpiece, exceeding 30 films, more than two dozen television shows, several stage productions, and countless books. Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"of historical materialism to the future, scorning Western nihilistic writings and predicting a peaceful transition to universal communism. Scientocratic visions of the future nevertheless implicitly critiqued the bureaucratically developed socialism of the present. Dissident science fiction writers emerged, such as the Strugatski brothers, Boris and Arkadi, with their \\\"social fantasies,\\\" problematizing the role of intervention in the historical process, or Stanislaw Lem's tongue-in-cheek exposures of man's cognitive limitations. In addition to fears of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union, during the Cold War, there were also fears of a direct, large scale conventional conflict between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8480238\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Winston Churchill High School\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Winston Churchill High School Sir Winston Churchill High School is a senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It derives its name from Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II and the early 1950s. The high school is built in the Northwest community of Brentwood, and currently accommodates 2 150 students as of September 2016. The school offers the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme, various second languages, and numerous clubs and teams. It is consistently ranked one of the best public high schools in Alberta, and has a reputation of being a school of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5552725\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Winston Churchill High School\",\n \"text\": \"VEX World Robotics Championship in April in Louisville, Kentucky. Sir Winston Churchill High School Sir Winston Churchill High School is a senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It derives its name from Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II and the early 1950s. The high school is built in the Northwest community of Brentwood, and currently accommodates 2 150 students as of September 2016. The school offers the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme, various second languages, and numerous clubs and teams. It is consistently ranked one of the best public high schools in Alberta,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5552745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\",\n \"text\": \"suspicion of Leamas' escape. She falls and as Smiley calls out to Leamas from the other side of the wall, he hesitates. Then he climbs back down the Eastern side of the wall, to be shot and killed too. At its publication during the Cold War (1945–91), the moral presentation of \\\"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\\\" (1963) rendered it a revolutionary espionage novel by showing the intelligence services of both the Eastern and Western nations as engaging in the same expedient amorality in the name of national security. John le Carré also presented his western spy as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1406323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Internet during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"The Internet during the Cold War The development of ways to interconnect computers in the United States was heavily affected by needs and demands arising from the Cold War. The system of networked computers known as ARPANET, in service from the late 1960s to 1990, was under military control. ARPANET laid the technical foundations for the present-day Internet. During the Cold War there was constant fear of nuclear attack from the Soviet Union and desire to be \\\"better\\\" than the United States at everything. Once the USSR launched Sputnik in 1957 the United States felt that technologically they were falling\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16186448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Czechoslovak border fortifications during the Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"in the years 1946–1953. After 1950, due to the increased tension between the Eastern and Western Blocs, a more sophisticated system of pillboxes and shelters was built. While the pre-war blockhouses and pillboxes were designed as monoliths of reinforced concrete, the new cold-war bunkers followed the Soviet paradigm and were more like reinforced field fortifications, built from stone and prefabricated concrete elements. Many of the installations from the period 1953–1964, especially those built at the time of Berlin and Cuban crises, were designed for conditions of nuclear war, and many older installations were given enhanced protection against weapons of mass\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18312004\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Avenue, Dominican Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Winston Churchill Avenue, Dominican Republic The Avenue Winston Churchill is the most important avenue of the central polygon of the National District in the Dominican Republic. This avenue contains the main shopping centres and businesses of Santo Domingo, in addition to attractions and cultural zones, between them in the east is \\\"The Boulevard of the stars\\\", inspired by the Walk of the Fame of Hollywood. Hands beside stars of important artists like Juan Luis War, Ángela Carrasco, Freddy Beras Goico, Julio Churches, Óscar of the Income among others. The avenue carries the name of the ex-English prime minister Sir Winston\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20048478\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"British Commando operations during the Second World War\",\n \"text\": \"British Commando operations during the Second World War The Commandos formed during the Second World War, following an order from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in June 1940 for a force that could carry out raids against German occupied Europe. Churchill stated in a minute to General Ismay on 6 June 1940: \\\"Enterprises must be prepared, with specially-trained troops of the hunter class, who can develop a reign of terror down these coasts, first of all on the \\\"butcher and bolt\\\" policy...\\\" Commandos were all volunteers for special service and originally came from the British Army but volunteers would\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14561654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\",\n \"text\": \"Eastern Europe and a Nazi foreign policy for which that was only the first step towards a larger programme of seeking \\\"Lebensraum\\\" by war and genocide in Eastern Europe. Since Buchanan argues that there was a moral equivalence between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, he maintains that Britain should have just allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to destroy each other and that Britain should have meanwhile awaited the course of events and rearmed fast enough to be able to fight if necessary. Buchanan argues that the \\\"guarantee\\\" of Poland in 1939 was impossible to fulfill but made the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12835230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill as painter\",\n \"text\": \"and the landscapes and buildings of Marrakesh or other various Landscapes that he had the chance to view during his war trips. Winston Churchill as painter Winston Churchill was making landscape drawings inspired by places that saw all over the world but became more of an enthusiastic painter after resigning from the government in 1955. Even though; he started painting earlier while resting between battles while sailing to Cuba, India, and Sudan at 1895–1899; he almost gave up painting and donated locally most of his paintings by that time due to unmerciful treatment of wounded enemy against the army of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18973656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"a prolific writer, often under the pen name \\\"Winston S. Churchill\\\", with the American novelist of the same name to avoid confusion between their works. His output included a novel, two biographies, three volumes of memoirs, and several histories. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953 \\\"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values\\\". Two of his most famous works, published after his first premiership brought his international fame to new heights, were his six-volume memoir \\\"The Second World War\\\" and \\\"A History of the English-Speaking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"Cold War The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union with its satellite states (the Eastern Bloc), and the United States with its allies (the Western Bloc) after World War II. A common historiography of the conflict begins with 1946, the year U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan's \\\"Long Telegram\\\" from Moscow cemented a U.S. foreign policy of containment of Soviet expansionism threatening strategically vital regions, and ending between the Revolutions of 1989 and the 1991 collapse of the USSR, which ended communism in Eastern Europe. The term \\\"cold\\\" is used because there was no large-scale\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2141600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill is a trilogy of biographies covering the life of Winston Churchill. The first two were published in the 1980s by author and historian William Manchester, who died while working on the last volume. However, before his death, Manchester had selected Paul Reid to complete it, and the final volume was published in November 2012. The 973-page volume was published in 1983. In 2011, the book was placed on \\\"Time\\\" magazine's top 100 non-fiction books written in English since 1923. The 756-page volume was published in 1988. The 1232-page\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14208220\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cold War\",\n \"text\": \"crush anti-communist resistance. When the slightest stirrings of independence emerged in the Bloc, Stalin's strategy matched that of dealing with domestic pre-war rivals: they were removed from power, put on trial, imprisoned, and in several instances, executed. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was concerned that, given the enormous size of Soviet forces deployed in Europe at the end of the war, and the perception that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was unreliable, there existed a Soviet threat to Western Europe. After World War II, US officials guided Western European leaders in establishing their own secret security force to prevent subversion in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2141629\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century\",\n \"text\": \"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century Contact between Western Europe and the Mughal empire was put into practice in the very beginning of the 17th century. The Portuguese, English, and later on, the Dutch were the ones to trade with the Mughal empire. As the first Islamic power on the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal empire was more interested in assimilating the land, studying the history, customs and religion of the people occupying this area, and communicating with the other two Islamic empires – the Saffavid and the Ottoman Empires. The Mughal empire was blessed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10251027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century\",\n \"text\": \"occasions but also as a regular act of just revering the emperor. Jahangir was the emperor who was the most associated to alcohol but all the rest of the Great Mughals appreciated it too, with the exception of Aurangzeb (who loathed it). Wine and alcohol in general was as well used for negotiations and, was therefore a very important part of the trading process. The trade in India was implemented mainly on the coast. During the 17th century there were two big countries. Two and a half centuries of trade between India and Western Europe led to the downfall of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10251033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War\",\n \"text\": \"Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War Free speech in the media during the Libyan civil war describes the ability of domestic and international media to report news inside Libya free from interference and censorship during the civil war. This synopsis from Al Jazeera gives a sense of what the media war was like as of 12 March: When protests first began in Libya the media presence there was scarce so the story filtered out via social media thanks to courageous citizen journalists. Then, when the fighting intensified, global media numbers increased exponentially. Now there are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15460829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church\",\n \"text\": \"the East–West Schism of 1054. This schism was caused by historical and linguistic developments, and the ensuing theological differences between the Western and Eastern churches. The Roman Empire was divided into a predominantly Greek speaking Eastern half and a Latin speaking Western half, resulting in a separation into two empires: The Western Empire and the Eastern Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire or Byzantium) with the passing of Theodosius I in AD 395. With the fall of the Western Empire in 476 AD, the whole of what had been the western part of the empire was ruled by Germanic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12938817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Later life of Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"and made his voice heard on proposals which he strongly opposed. The first major issue where Churchill made his view known was whether or not to release India from British control. In a speech to the House of Commons in early March 1947, Churchill warned against handing power over to India too soon. Churchill felt that the political parties in India did not truly represent the people, and that in a few years no trace of the new government would remain. Winston Churchill was an early supporter of pan-Europeanism. In his speech at the University of Zurich in 1946, Winston\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11430791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"years younger than before the war began ... His uplifted spirit is transmitted to the people\\\". Churchill's physical health became more fragile during the war; he suffered a mild heart attack in December 1941 at the White House, and in December 1943 contracted pneumonia. Despite this, Churchill travelled over throughout the war to meet other national leaders. For security, he usually travelled using the alias Colonel Warden. Since the appearance in 1966 of Lord Moran's memoir of his years as Churchill's doctor, with its claim that \\\"Black Dog\\\" was the name Churchill gave to \\\"the prolonged fits of depression from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"MS Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"during a refit at Esbjerg in April 1996, and she was subsequently repaired and sold to Empress Cruise Lines, becoming the \\\"Mayan Empress\\\". She was eventually sold for scrap in India in 2004. MS Winston Churchill The MS \\\"Winston Churchill\\\" was built in 1967 by Cantieri Navali del Tirreno e Riuniti S.P.A. Riva Trigoso, Genoa, Italy. The \\\"Winston Churchill\\\" was built as a car ferry for the Scandinavian Seaways DFDS service from Esbjerg to Harwich, and proved a very successful vessel on the route. As demand for vehicle-carrying services grew, larger vessels were required for the route and the \\\"Winston\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10042936\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"the last secret\\\" of the Second World War. The operation decided the fate of up to two million post-war refugees fleeing eastern Europe. There has been debate over Churchill's culpability in the deaths of millions of Indians during the Bengal famine of 1943. Some commentators point to the disruption of the traditional marketing system and maladministration at the provincial level as a cause, with Churchill saying that the famine was the Indians' own fault for \\\"breeding like rabbits\\\". Adam Jones, editor of the \\\"Journal of Genocide Research\\\", calls Churchill \\\"a genuine genocidaire\\\", noting that the British leader called Indians a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"453172\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute\",\n \"text\": \"Frisbee, Rugby, Cricket, Volleyball, Badminton, and many others. After many years a football program has been reintroduced, with Churchill teaming up with Bendale BTI. The school colours were originally scarlet and silver, as an ode to the coat of arms of Winston Churchill, they have since been changed to black, white, grey and purple after a deal with the Western Ontario Mustangs team. The Churchill mascot is the Winston Churchill Bull Dog. The school has a big painting of a bull dog in the schools upper gym . Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute (Winston Churchill CI, WCCI,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8519066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square\",\n \"text\": \"Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square The statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London, is a bronze sculpture of the former British prime minister Winston Churchill, created by Ivor Roberts-Jones. It is located on a spot referred to in the 1950s by Churchill as \\\"where my statue will go\\\". It was unveiled by his widow Baroness Clementine Spencer-Churchill in 1973, at a ceremony attended by the serving Prime Minister and four former Prime Ministers, while Queen Elizabeth II gave a speech. The statue is one of twelve on or around Parliament Square, most of well-known statesmen. The statue is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15939912\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the iron curtain","iron curtain","jernteppe","iron curtain","iron curtain nuclear battle","eiserner vorhang","teló d'acer","sinews of peace","iron curtain speech"],"string":"[\n \"the iron curtain\",\n \"iron curtain\",\n \"jernteppe\",\n \"iron curtain\",\n \"iron curtain nuclear battle\",\n \"eiserner vorhang\",\n \"teló d'acer\",\n \"sinews of peace\",\n \"iron curtain speech\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78595,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what school does harry potter attend?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"the series is Harry Potter, a boy who lives in Surrey with his aunt, uncle, and cousin – the Dursleys – and discovers, at the age of eleven, that he is a wizard, though he lives in the ordinary world of non-magical people known as Muggles. The wizarding world exists parallel to the Muggle world, albeit hidden and in secrecy. His magical ability is inborn, and children with such abilities are invited to attend exclusive magic schools that teach the necessary skills to succeed in the wizarding world. Harry becomes a student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a","psg_id":"5725184"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"the series is Harry Potter, a boy who lives in Surrey with his aunt, uncle, and cousin – the Dursleys – and discovers, at the age of eleven, that he is a wizard, though he lives in the ordinary world of non-magical people known as Muggles. The wizarding world exists parallel to the Muggle world, albeit hidden and in secrecy. His magical ability is inborn, and children with such abilities are invited to attend exclusive magic schools that teach the necessary skills to succeed in the wizarding world. Harry becomes a student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725184\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Harry Potter Alliance","text":"their iReporter site, the Harry Potter Alliance asked members to upload submissions showing their love for Harry Potter while holding signs that said, \"Save Darfur.\" Then, in 2008, the HPA asked members to withhold support for sponsors of the 2008 Summer Olympics who were \"implicitly funding the genocide in Darfur through overseas investments.\" In conjunction with the release of the \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" film in 2009, the organisation launched a \"What Would Dumbledore Do\" campaign, asking fans to tweet about the lessons they learned from Harry Potter's headmaster Albus Dumbledore using #dumbledore, attend the film release wearing","psg_id":"15813163"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"during the rise in the popularity of the Harry Potter books. The research also found that children who read Harry Potter books were not more likely to go on to read outside the fantasy and mystery genres. NEA chairman Dana Gioia said the series, \"got millions of kids to read a long and reasonably complex series of books. The trouble is that one Harry Potter novel every few years is not enough to reverse the decline in reading.\" Jennifer Conn used Snape's and Quidditch coach Madam Hooch's teaching methods as examples of what to avoid and what to emulate in","psg_id":"5725262"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"she did not like!\" He does however predict that Harry Potter \"will indeed stand time's test and wind up on a shelf where only the best are kept; I think Harry will take his place with Alice, Huck, Frodo, and Dorothy and this is one series not just for the decade, but for the ages\". Sameer Rahim of \"The Daily Telegraph\" disagreed, saying \"It depresses me to see 16 and 17 year-olds reading the series when they could be reading the great novels of childhood such as \"Oliver Twist\" or \"A House for Mr Biswas\". What that says about the","psg_id":"5725258"},{"title":"Harry Potter in amusement parks","text":"Potter\" by 2014. Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey was also confirmed as one of the attractions. Below is a list of all of the attractions at Harry Potter themed areas around the world. The dates shown in the columns refer to the opening and closing dates for the ride under that name. It does not mean that the ride was closed and/or removed. Harry Potter in amusement parks This article details the appearance of Harry Potter theming in amusement parks. In the late 1990s, Universal Parks and Resorts began discussing the possibility of purchasing the license for Harry Potter","psg_id":"14759163"},{"title":"The Harry Potter Lexicon","text":"The Harry Potter Lexicon The Harry Potter Lexicon is a fan-created online encyclopedia of the \"Harry Potter\" series. The site was created by school librarian Steve Vander Ark. It contains detailed information for all seven published \"Harry Potter\" books. The Lexicon lists characters, places, creatures, spells, potions and magical devices, as well as analyzing magical theory and other details of the series. The Lexicon is credited as creating one of the first timelines of all events occurring in the \"Harry Potter\" universe. A similar timeline of events was adopted by Warner Bros. for inclusion with their \"Harry Potter\" film DVDs,","psg_id":"2049970"},{"title":"Harry Potter prequel","text":"might purchase it will really understand the benefits to people out there, what it can do,\" he said. \"If it's destroyed, or if it's lost, it's a great loss.\" Harry Potter prequel An 800-word, untitled short story, unofficially known as the Harry Potter prequel, was written by J. K. Rowling in 2008 as part of a charity auction event, for which it fetched £25,000. The story recounts an encounter with Muggle police experienced by Sirius Black and James Potter, taking place before the events of the \"Harry Potter\" series. The manuscript was stolen in 2017. Two Muggle policemen chase a","psg_id":"12080327"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"values native gifts above all else\". In a 12 August 2007, review of \"Deathly Hallows\" in \"The New York Times\", however, Christopher Hitchens praised Rowling for \"unmooring\" her \"English school story\" from literary precedents \"bound up with dreams of wealth and class and snobbery\", arguing that she had instead created \"a world of youthful democracy and diversity\". In 2010, coinciding with the release of the film \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1,\" a series of articles were written about Private Harry Potter of the British army. This real-life Harry Potter was killed in the Arab Revolt near Hebron","psg_id":"5725267"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"third highest-grossing film series of all time . In 2016, the total value of the \"Harry Potter\" franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making \"Harry Potter\" one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming of age, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of \"Harry Potter\" explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. The success of the books","psg_id":"5725182"},{"title":"The Harry Potter Lexicon","text":"appropriates too much of Rowling's creative work for its purposes as a reference guide.\" In December, 2008, a modified (and shorter) version of Vander Ark's Lexicon was approved for publication and was released January 16, 2009 as \"The Lexicon: An Unauthorized Guide to Harry Potter Fiction\". The Harry Potter Lexicon The Harry Potter Lexicon is a fan-created online encyclopedia of the \"Harry Potter\" series. The site was created by school librarian Steve Vander Ark. It contains detailed information for all seven published \"Harry Potter\" books. The Lexicon lists characters, places, creatures, spells, potions and magical devices, as well as analyzing","psg_id":"2049974"},{"title":"Harry Potter fandom","text":"also noteworthy for its detailed criticism and discussion of the Harry Potter books. Speculation intensified with the July 2005 publication of \"Half-Blood Prince\" and the detailed post-publication interview given by Rowling to Mugglenet and The Leaky Cauldron. Notably, DumbledoreIsNotDead.com sought to understand the events of the sixth book in a different way. (Rowling later confirmed, however – on 2 August 2006 – that Dumbledore was, in fact, dead, humorously apologising to the website as she did so.) A collection of essays, \"Who Killed Albus Dumbledore?: What Really Happened in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince? Six Expert Harry Potter Detectives","psg_id":"3604624"},{"title":"Places in Harry Potter","text":"Warner Bros. to film the fictional locations in the \"Harry Potter\" film series. Places in Harry Potter J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels. These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, or government-affiliated locale. The Weasleys' home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts. The Burrow was used as the Order of the Phoenix's headquarters, due to the compromised Fidelius Charm placed on 12 Grimmauld Place, in \"Harry Potter and","psg_id":"3161160"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"of Harry Potter\" opened at the Universal Studios Japan theme park in Osaka, Japan. It includes the village of Hogsmeade, \"Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey\" ride, and \"Flight of the Hippogriff\" roller coaster. On 7 April 2016, \"The Wizarding World of Harry Potter\" opened at the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park near Los Angeles, California. In March 2011, Warner Bros. announced plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the \"Harry Potter\" film series. \"The Making of Harry Potter\" is a behind-the-scenes walking tour featuring authentic sets, costumes and props from the film series. The","psg_id":"5725288"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"screenwriting. A number of other non-interactive media games and board games have been released such as \"Cluedo Harry Potter Edition\", \"Scene It? Harry Potter\" and \"Lego Harry Potter\" models, which are influenced by the themes of both the novels and films. There are thirteen \"Harry Potter\" video games, eight corresponding with the films and books and five spin-offs. The film/book-based games are produced by Electronic Arts, as was \"\", with the game version of the first entry in the series, \"Philosopher's Stone\", being released in November 2001. \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" went on to become one of the","psg_id":"5725281"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"a cause-and-effect relationship, there is a clear correlation, and it seems that Harry Potter's cultural impact may be stronger than just a fandom bond. Many fan fiction and fan art works about \"Harry Potter\" have been made. In March 2007, \"Harry Potter\" was the most commonly searched fan fiction subject on the internet. At the University of Michigan in 2009, StarKid Productions performed an original musical parodying the \"Harry Potter\" series called \"A Very Potter Musical\". The musical was awarded \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s 10 Best Viral Videos of 2009. The sport Quidditch, played by characters in the \"Harry Potter\" series, was","psg_id":"5725243"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release. The series has also gathered adult fans, leading to the release of two editions of each \"Harry Potter\" book, identical in text but with one edition's cover artwork aimed at children and the other aimed at adults. Besides meeting online through blogs, podcasts, and fansites, \"Harry Potter\" super-fans can also meet at \"Harry Potter\" symposia. The word \"Muggle\" has spread beyond its \"Harry Potter\" origins, becoming one of few pop culture words to land in the Oxford English Dictionary. The Harry Potter fandom has embraced podcasts as a regular, often","psg_id":"5725241"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"\"a pedestrian, ungrammatical prose style\". Ursula K. Le Guin said, \"I have no great opinion of it. When so many adult critics were carrying on about the 'incredible originality' of the first Harry Potter book, I read it to find out what the fuss was about, and remained somewhat puzzled; it seemed a lively kid's fantasy crossed with a \"school novel\", good fare for its age group, but stylistically ordinary, imaginatively derivative, and ethically rather mean-spirited.\" By contrast, author Fay Weldon, while admitting that the series is \"not what the poets hoped for\", nevertheless goes on to say, \"but this","psg_id":"5725254"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"and Harry, Voldemort, and Hermione as playable characters. In 2017, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment opened its own Harry Potter themed game design studio, by the name of Portkey Games; before releasing in 2018, developed by Jam City. All seven \"Harry Potter\" books have been released in unabridged audiobook versions, with Stephen Fry reading the UK editions and Jim Dale voicing the series for the American editions. \"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child: Parts I and II\" is a play which serves as a sequel to the books, beginning nineteen years after the events of \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\".","psg_id":"5725284"},{"title":"Lego Harry Potter","text":"on October 21, 2016, as part of the \"Lego Harry Potter Collection\", and was also released for the Xbox One and Nintendo Switch on October 30, 2018. Lego Harry Potter Lego \"Harry Potter\" is a Lego theme based on the films of the \"Harry Potter\" series. Lego models of important scenes, vehicles and characters were made for the first six films and all the books released. The first sets appeared in 2001, to coincide with the release of the first film \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States). Subsequent sets were","psg_id":"7747574"},{"title":"Lego Harry Potter","text":"Lego Harry Potter Lego \"Harry Potter\" is a Lego theme based on the films of the \"Harry Potter\" series. Lego models of important scenes, vehicles and characters were made for the first six films and all the books released. The first sets appeared in 2001, to coincide with the release of the first film \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States). Subsequent sets were released alongside the new films, until Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. The line then went dormant for three years, with sets being released in","psg_id":"7747565"},{"title":"The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter","text":"approval from Rowling, and has since received positive reviews from critics. An updated version of \"The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter\" was published in 2004 by Berkley Books. \"The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter\" explores the references to history, legends, and literature in J.K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" novels. David Colbert, the author of the book, told the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\" that the \"Harry Potter\" novels \"are [...] literary treasure hunts for [Rowling's] readers. What seem like funny-sounding names and places and excursions into fantasy all have a basis in either history, myth or legend.\" He added, however, that he thinks","psg_id":"14074169"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"of which have been highly successful in their own right. The films have in turn spawned eight video games and have led to the licensing of more than 400 additional \"Harry Potter\" products. The \"Harry Potter\" brand has been estimated to be worth as much as $25 billion. The great demand for Harry Potter books motivated \"The New York Times\" to create a separate best-seller list for children's literature in 2000, just before the release of \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\". By 24 June 2000, Rowling's novels had been on the list for 79 straight weeks; the first","psg_id":"5725245"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"in the US on 2 June 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" is the longest book in the series, at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on 21 June 2003. \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"","psg_id":"5725232"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"in its \"Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children\". Three of the books placed among the \"Top 100 Chapter Books\" of all time, or children's novels, in a 2012 survey published by \"School Library Journal\": \"Sorcerer's Stone\" ranked number three, \"Prisoner of Azkaban\" 12th, and \"Goblet of Fire\" 98th. In 2012, the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London featured a 100-foot tall rendition of Lord Voldemort in a segment designed to show off the UK's cultural icons. Early in its history, \"Harry Potter\" received positive reviews. On publication, the first book, \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", attracted","psg_id":"5725250"},{"title":"Northern Potter School District","text":"transfer to their institutions. Under state rules, other students that reside in the district, who attend a private school, a charter school or are homeschooled are eligible to participate in this program. In 2010, Governor Edward Rendell eliminated the grants to students, from the Commonwealth, due to a state budget crisis. Northern Potter School District does not offer Advanced Placement (AP) courses, which permit students to earn low cost college credits, while enrolled in high school. In 2014, 16 Northern Potter School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 493. The Math average score was","psg_id":"14050387"},{"title":"Places in Harry Potter","text":"Places in Harry Potter J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels. These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, or government-affiliated locale. The Weasleys' home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts. The Burrow was used as the Order of the Phoenix's headquarters, due to the compromised Fidelius Charm placed on 12 Grimmauld Place, in \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" until it lost its given protection. The Weasley house has","psg_id":"3161070"},{"title":"Harry Potter fandom","text":"and explore the park by themselves. The event included talks given by creators of the park, free food and butterbeer, and live wizard rock shows inside the park. In addition to conventions, Harry Potter fandom has further expanded to town festivals, including the Chestertown Harry Potter Festival, the Chestnut Hill Harry Potter Festival, Edgerton's Harry Potter Festival, and the Spellbound Festival, among others. The Harry Potter fandom has also led to the development of at least one religion. The religion of 'Snapeism' was active from 2005-2011. The Snapists (popularly known as the Snapewives) worshipped the Severus Snape character. The Snapists","psg_id":"3604632"},{"title":"Harry Potter fandom","text":"Harry Potter fandom \"Harry Potter\" fandom refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \"Harry Potter\"-based forums, and more. The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film. By the fourth \"Harry Potter\" book, the legions of","psg_id":"3604602"},{"title":"Harry Potter (film series)","text":"in the \"Harry Potter\" franchise — \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\", \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\", \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" and \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", Parts 1 & 2 — have to date grossed around $216 million in IMAX theaters worldwide. The \"Harry Potter\" films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry. They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises","psg_id":"9017530"},{"title":"Harry Potter Fan Zone","text":"from an open letter written by the site. Harry Potter Fan Zone Harry Potter Fan Zone is an Australian \"Harry Potter\" fansite created in 2003 by Australian teenager Andy McCray. \"Harry Potter\" author J. K. Rowling awarded the website a \"Fan Site Award,\" stating that \"[it] is a great Australian site with an impressively young staff who have produced some really insightful editorials.\" Harry Potter Fan Zone's main focus is the coverage of \"Harry Potter\" news and \"Harry Potter\" related discussion and contents. The site has covered events in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia, including book releases, movie","psg_id":"12048301"},{"title":"Harry Potter Fan Zone","text":"Harry Potter Fan Zone Harry Potter Fan Zone is an Australian \"Harry Potter\" fansite created in 2003 by Australian teenager Andy McCray. \"Harry Potter\" author J. K. Rowling awarded the website a \"Fan Site Award,\" stating that \"[it] is a great Australian site with an impressively young staff who have produced some really insightful editorials.\" Harry Potter Fan Zone's main focus is the coverage of \"Harry Potter\" news and \"Harry Potter\" related discussion and contents. The site has covered events in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia, including book releases, movie releases, premieres and fan gatherings. At the invitation","psg_id":"12048299"},{"title":"Politics of Harry Potter","text":"that \"Harry Potter\" is a parable on immigration rights, noting that US \"immigration, citizenship and naturalization laws are based explicitly on discrimination on the basis of national origin. Where you were born, and what passport you carry, determine whether you have the right to come here, to visit, to work, or to live here.\" On the \"Harry Potter\" series, Rowling said on her United States book tour in October 2007, \"I very consciously wanted to show what is one of the great evils of war, which is that totally innocent people are slaughtered... Another great evil of war is that","psg_id":"10758879"},{"title":"Harry Davis (potter)","text":"Harry Davis (potter) Harry Clemens Davis (20 November 1910 – 7 July 1986) was a Welsh-born New Zealand potter, and husband of May Davis. Davis was born in Cardiff, Wales in 1910, the only child of a Swiss mother and English father. He was educated in Switzerland and England, and was fluent in German. After school he was sent to the Bournemouth School of Art where the pottery class was oversubscribed. Undaunted, he worked in the pottery room after hours, turning out large numbers of enormous pots which drew the attention of the headmaster. He was sent to Broadstone Potters,","psg_id":"14993860"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"world began holding events to coincide with the midnight release of the books, beginning with the 2000 publication of \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\". The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the 10.8 million initial print copies of \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" sold in the first 24 hours. The final book in the series, \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" became the fastest selling book in history, moving","psg_id":"5725240"},{"title":"Lego Harry Potter","text":"Potter board game that was made available in August. In 2013, The LEGO Group officially discontinued Lego Harry Potter sets. However, a Lego Dimensions add-on pack featuring Harry Potter and Voldemort was scheduled to be released on 27 September 2016. In 2018 it was announced that more sets based on the Harry Potter Universe would be released, starting with a set based on the Great Hall. The first film (titled \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\" in the United States) saw the largest number of sets, with fourteen being made in total. Initially, only eleven were produced, however three more","psg_id":"7747568"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"magic. I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death. We're all frightened of it.\" Rowling stated that \"\"Harry Potter\" books have always, in fact, dealt explicitly with religious themes and questions\" and that she did not reveal its Christian parallels in the beginning because doing so would have \"give[n] too much away to fans who might then see the parallels.\" In the final book of the series \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", Rowling makes the book's Christian imagery more explicit, quoting both and when Harry visits his parents' graves. Hermione Granger teaches Harry Potter that the meaning of","psg_id":"5725224"},{"title":"Harry Potter (character)","text":"was their favourite \"Harry Potter\" character, calling him a \"sympathetic figure\" and saying in response to his fights against Voldemort that \"everybody loves an underdog story of good vs. evil\". Despite being the main character, Watchmojo.com ranked him #2 on their \"Top 10 Harry Potter Characters\" list in 2014 (Severus Snape was ranked #1 on the list). According to halloweenonline.com, \"Harry Potter\" sets were the fifth-best selling Halloween costume of 2005. In addition, wizard rock bands like Harry and the Potters and others regularly dress up in the style of Harry Potter, sporting painted forehead scars, black wigs, and round","psg_id":"3276461"},{"title":"Harry Potter in translation","text":"pass off as the translation of the real book by Rowling. There have been several such books, the most famous of which is probably \"Harry Potter and Bao Zoulong\" which was written and published in China in 2002, before the release of the fifth book in Rowling's series, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\". Other fake Harry Potter books written in Chinese include \"Harry Potter and the Porcelain Doll\" (哈利・波特与瓷娃娃 or Hālì Bōtè yǔ Cíwáwa), \"Harry Potter and the Golden Turtle\", and \"Harry Potter and the Crystal Vase\". In August 2007, \"The New York Times\" noted that the","psg_id":"1793250"},{"title":"Politics of Harry Potter","text":"Politics of Harry Potter There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism of racism to anti-government sentiments. According to \"Inside Higher Ed\", doctoral theses have been devoted to the Harry Potter books. There are also several university courses centred on analysis of the Potter series, including an upper division political science course. \"Time\" magazine noted the political and social aspects of Harry Potter in their 2007 Person of the Year issue where Rowling placed third behind politicians Vladimir Putin and Al Gore. \"Harry Potter\"s potential","psg_id":"10758863"},{"title":"Harry Potter fandom","text":"His prescription of taking reading breaks was rejected by two of the patients on which he discovered this headache. Researchers in Oxford found that the admission rate of children with traumatic injuries to the city's ERs plummeted on the publication weekends of both \"Order of the Phoenix\" and \"Half-Blood Prince\". Waters, G. Mithrandir, A. (2003). \"Ultimate Unofficial Guide to the Mysteries of Harry Potter (analysis of Books 1-4)\". Niles, IL: Wizarding World Press. Harry Potter fandom \"Harry Potter\" fandom refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around","psg_id":"3604656"},{"title":"Harry Potter Alliance","text":"Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance (also known as the HPA) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by \"Harry Potter\" fans. It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan. Since then, the organisation's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy, United States immigration reform, economic justice, gay rights, sexism, labor rights, mental health, body image, and climate change. They have received recognition from many popular figures in the \"Harry Potter\" community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth. The","psg_id":"15813160"},{"title":"Harry Potter influences and analogues","text":"Potter\" involve an average eleven-year-old, better at sport than academic study, who is sent to boarding school. Upon arrival, the boy gains a best friend (in Tom's case, East, in Harry's case, Ron Weasley) who helps him adjust to the new environment. They are set upon by an arrogant bully – in Tom Brown's case, Harry Flashman, in Harry's case Draco Malfoy. Stephen Fry, who both narrates the British audio adaptations of the \"Harry Potter\" novels and has starred in a screen adaptation of \"Tom Brown\", has commented many times about the similarities between the two books. \"Harry Potter –","psg_id":"8251147"},{"title":"Magical creatures in Harry Potter","text":"Granger's pet cat. Crookshanks was purchased by Hermione in a shop called Magical Menagerie in the third Harry Potter book; Harry Potter and The Prisoner Of Azkaban. Crookshanks resembles a Persian Cat, and Rowling has described him as half-Kneazle, an intelligent cat-like creature sensitive to dishonesty, explaining his identification of the rat 'Scabbers' as Peter Pettigrew, and of Sirius Black in his dog form. Crookshanks is seen in Prisoner of Azkaban talking to Padfoot in the school grounds. Crookshanks was portrayed by a cat called Crackerjack. Dobby is a \"house-elf\" in the Harry Potter series. He was once owned by","psg_id":"3535459"},{"title":"Harry Potter (journalist)","text":"Harry Potter (journalist) Harry Potter (20 July 1941 – 8 May 2014) was an Australian journalist, television reporter and presenter. A veteran police and crime reporter whose career spanned more than fifty years, Potter first joined \"Ten Eyewitness News\", a nightly news show on Network Ten, in 1978. In 2013, Harry Potter became the first recipient of the Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award. Potter was diagnosed with cancer in the early 2000s. He died from cancer on 8 May 2014, at the age of 72. He was survived by his wife, journalist Katrina Lee, and four children – Tim, Nick, Elisa","psg_id":"18089461"},{"title":"Harry Potter prequel","text":"Harry Potter prequel An 800-word, untitled short story, unofficially known as the Harry Potter prequel, was written by J. K. Rowling in 2008 as part of a charity auction event, for which it fetched £25,000. The story recounts an encounter with Muggle police experienced by Sirius Black and James Potter, taking place before the events of the \"Harry Potter\" series. The manuscript was stolen in 2017. Two Muggle policemen chase a speeding motorbike into a dead-end alley, cornering its riders: Sirius Black and James Potter. As the policemen confront the pair, three men fly down the alley on broomsticks. James","psg_id":"12080324"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"for \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\", released on 18 November 2005. Newell became the first British director of the series, with television director David Yates following suit after he was chosen to helm \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\". Production began in January 2006 and the film was released the following year in July 2007. After executives were \"really delighted\" with his work on the film, Yates was selected to direct \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\", which was released on 15 July 2009. In March 2008, Warner Bros. President and COO Alan F. Horn announced","psg_id":"5725276"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"the first time on the shortlist for the main award, and one judge threatened to resign if \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was declared the overall winner; it finished second, very close behind the winner of the poetry prize, Seamus Heaney's translation of the Anglo-Saxon epic \"Beowulf\". In 2000, shortly before the publication of \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\", the previous three \"Harry Potter\" books topped \"The New York Times\" fiction best-seller list and a third of the entries were children's books. The newspaper created a new children's section covering children's books, including both fiction and","psg_id":"5725271"},{"title":"Harry Potter","text":"audience. In December 2005, Rowling stated on her web site, \"2006 will be the year when I write the final book in the \"Harry Potter\" series.\" Updates then followed in her online diary chronicling the progress of \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", with the release date of 21 July 2007. The book itself was finished on 11 January 2007 in the Balmoral Hotel, Edinburgh, where she scrawled a message on the back of a bust of Hermes. It read: \"J. K. Rowling finished writing \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" in this room (552) on 11 January 2007.\" Rowling","psg_id":"5725236"},{"title":"Politics of Harry Potter","text":"up terrorism by destroying bridges, murdering innocents, and forcing children to kill their elders. She also notes the parallels in the community's response saying Fred and George Weasley's shop makes a mint selling Shield Cloaks and the new Minister for Magic jails an innocent man, hoping to stave off panic and create the impression that he's taking action. Rowling said \"I've never thought, 'It's time for a post-9/11 Harry Potter book,' no. But what Voldemort does, in many senses, is terrorism, and that was quite clear in my mind before 9/11 happened... but there are parallels, obviously. I think one","psg_id":"10758911"},{"title":"Harry Potter (film series)","text":"Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the \"Harry Potter\" novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" (2001) and culminating with \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" (2011). A spin-off prequel series that will consist of five films started with \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\" (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise. The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert","psg_id":"9017466"},{"title":"Harry Potter in translation","text":"other languages. The Vietnamese translation, which was originally published in instalments, originally interpreted \"Order\" as a directive and translated it as \"Harry Potter và Mệnh lệnh Phượng hoàng\"; when it became clear that \"Order\" referred to a group of people, the title was changed to \"Harry Potter và Hội Phượng hoàng\". Rowling released an alternative title for \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" for use by translators finding difficulty translating its meaning. The alternative title (in English) is \"Harry Potter and the Relics of Death\". In Italy the title has been translated as \"Harry Potter e i doni della morte\"","psg_id":"1793280"},{"title":"Politics of Harry Potter","text":"epidemic. In a parody of \"Harry Potter\", Campaign for America's Future cast Seinfeld alumnus, Jason Alexander as \"Lord Rovemort\", a Karl Rove figure that coordinates Republican \"obstruction\" in Congress. Library of Congress: Rowling, J. K. Criticism and interpretation Carrie-Ann Biondi ed., \"Imagining Better: Philosophical Issues in Harry Potter,\" collection of essays on philosophy and politics of \"Harry Potter\" in \"Reason Papers: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Normative Studies\", vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2012). Politics of Harry Potter There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism","psg_id":"10758921"},{"title":"Harry Potter (character)","text":"even Voldemort possesses: the acceptance of the inevitability of death. Throughout the series, Harry Potter is described as a gifted wizard apprentice. He has a particular talent for flying, which manifests itself in \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" the first time he tries it, and gets him a place on a Quidditch team one year before the normal minimum joining age. He captains it in his sixth year. In his fourth year (\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\"), Harry is able to confront a dragon on his broomstick. Harry is also gifted in Defence Against the Dark Arts,","psg_id":"3276444"},{"title":"Harry Potter (character)","text":"Harry grows taller, and by the seventh book is said to be 'almost' the height of his father, and 'tall' by other characters. Rowling explained that Harry's image came to her when she first thought up Harry Potter, seeing him as a \"scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy\". She also mentioned that she thinks Harry's glasses are the clue to his vulnerability. According to Rowling, Harry is strongly guided by his own conscience, and has a keen feeling of what is right and wrong. Having \"very limited access to truly caring adults\", Rowling said, Harry \"is forced to make his own decisions","psg_id":"3276441"},{"title":"Harry Potter (character)","text":"fighting. And he's after revenge [against Voldemort and Snape].\" This book also focuses on the mysterious activities of Harry's rival Draco Malfoy. Voldemort has coerced a frightened Malfoy into attempting to kill Dumbledore. During a duel in Moaning Myrtle's bathroom, Harry uses the Half-Blood Prince's spell, \"Sectumsempra,\" on Malfoy, who suffers near-fatal injuries as a result. Harry is horrified by what he has done and also comes to feel sympathy for Draco, after learning he was forced to do Voldemort's bidding under the threat of his and his parents' deaths. In \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", Harry, Ron, and","psg_id":"3276427"},{"title":"Harry Potter (film series)","text":"gave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones. They came up trumps.\" Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor, said many studios \"are bringing their work to UK effects companies. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before \"Harry Potter\". That's really significant.\" On 12 June 2010, filming of the \"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" was completed with actor Warwick Davis stating on his Twitter account, \"The end of an Era – today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' – ever.","psg_id":"9017507"},{"title":"Harry Potter (film series)","text":"second unit, and the visual effects unit. You have to know what is being captured – colours, contrast, et cetera – with mathematical precision.\" He noted that with Stuart Craig's \"amazing sets and the story\", the filmmakers could not \"stray too far from the look of the previous \"Harry Potter\" films.\" Along with continuous changes in cinematographers, there have been five film editors to work in post-production on the series: Richard Francis-Bruce edited the first instalment, Peter Honess the second, Steven Weisberg the third, Mick Audsley the fourth, and Mark Day films five through eight. The \"Harry Potter\" series has","psg_id":"9017502"},{"title":"Harry Potter (film series)","text":"was released in November 2010, and \"Part 2\" was released in July 2011. Five of the series' eight films are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, with \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" the highest-grossing film in the series and one of 36 films to gross over $1 billion, ranking at number ten. Without inflation adjustment, it is the third highest-grossing film series with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Late in 1997, film producer David Heyman's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven \"Harry Potter\"","psg_id":"9017468"},{"title":"Magic in Harry Potter","text":"books present the idea that the Muggle interpretation of these stories is a distorted version of what goes on in the wizarding world. The magic of \"Harry Potter\" became the subject of a 2017 British Library exhibition and accompanying documentary. The exhibition, entitled \"Harry Potter: A History of Magic\", is the first at the British Library to be inspired by a single series by a living author. Witches and wizards need training to learn how to control their magic. With young and untrained children, magic will manifest itself subconsciously in moments of strong apprehension, fear, anger and sadness. For example,","psg_id":"2083270"},{"title":"Harry Potter fandom","text":"on all things Harry Potter.\" On another occasion, Rowling has called the Leaky Cauldron her \"favourite fan site.\" In 2006, the Brazilian website Potterish was the only site honoured, in recognition of its \"style, [its] Potter-expertise and [its] responsible reporting.\" In May 2007, Harry Potter Fan Zone received the award. Rowling recognized the insightful editorials as well as praised the site for its young and dedicated staff. In December 2007, the award went to The Harry Potter Alliance, a campaign that seeks to end discrimination, genocide, poverty, AIDS, global warming, and other \"real-world Dark Arts\", relating these problems to the","psg_id":"3604609"},{"title":"Harry Potter (character)","text":"down Ignotus' Invisibility Cloak through the generations. Two of Harry Potter's ancestors have sat on the Wizengamot: Ralston Potter and Henry Potter. Ralston was a member from 1612-1652, and an ardent supporter of the Statute of Secrecy. Henry Potter, known as \"Harry\" to his closest loved ones, was a direct descendant of Hardwin and Iolanthe, and a paternal great-grandfather of Harry Potter. Henry served on the Wizengamot from 1913 - 1921, and caused a minor controversy when he publicly condemned then Minister for Magic, Archer Evermonde, for prohibiting the magical community from helping Muggles waging the First World War. Henry's","psg_id":"3276457"},{"title":"Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7","text":"Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7 Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Released on 11 November 2011 in North America and 18 November in Europe, the game is based on the Lego Harry Potter line and is based on the final three books and four films in the \"Harry Potter\" series: \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\", \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\", and \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\". The","psg_id":"15619138"},{"title":"Harry Potter influences and analogues","text":"followers/apprentices. Both stories also have a prophesied \"Chosen One\" who will destroy evil. In the \"Harry Potter series\", it is Harry Potter who is the chosen one who would defeat the Dark Lord Voldemort. In \"Star Wars\", it is presumed and appears to be Luke Skywalker, but actually revealed to be Anakin Skywalker as proclaimed in the Jedi prophecy who would destroy the Sith and bring balance to the Force. He does this after being redeemed by his son, Luke Skywalker. More recent theories contrast this and argue that Luke is indeed the chosen one who will bring balance to","psg_id":"8251163"},{"title":"Harry Potter influences and analogues","text":"deals with those analogues which Rowling has not cited either as influences or as favourites but which others have claimed bear comparison with \"Harry Potter\". Rowling has never openly credited any single author with inspiration, saying, \"I haven't got the faintest idea where my ideas come from, or how my imagination works. I'm just grateful that it does, because it gives me more entertainment than it gives anyone else.\" However, she has mentioned a number of favourite authors as probable influences in her creation of \"Harry Potter\". The works are listed roughly in order of publication. Rowling has said, \"I've","psg_id":"8251120"},{"title":"Harry Potter Alliance","text":"Harry Potter Alliance was founded in 2005 by comedian Andrew Slack and the wizard rock band Harry and the Potters, initially collecting donations for Amnesty International at their shows. In 2006, the organisation partnered with Walmart Watch to create a series of YouTube videos about the \"Dark Lord Waldemart\" in order to educate fans about Walmart's labour practices. The three videos have been viewed nearly three and a half million times total. In 2007, the Harry Potter Alliance broadcast a special edition of PotterCast, a popular fandom podcast, called \"Becoming Dumbledore's Army: Harry Potter Fans for Darfur,\" to educate fans","psg_id":"15813161"},{"title":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire","text":"was symbolic, as Harry's horizons widened both literally and metaphorically as he grew up. She also wanted to explore more of the magical world. Until the official title's announcement on 27 June 2000, the book was called by its working title, 'Harry Potter IV.' Previously, in April, the publisher had listed it as \"Harry Potter and the Doomspell Tournament\". However, J. K. Rowling expressed her indecision about the title in an \"Entertainment Weekly\" interview. \"I changed my mind twice on what [the title] was. The working title had got out — \"Harry Potter and the Doomspell Tournament\". Then I changed","psg_id":"1884302"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter Alliance\",\n \"text\": \"their iReporter site, the Harry Potter Alliance asked members to upload submissions showing their love for Harry Potter while holding signs that said, \\\"Save Darfur.\\\" Then, in 2008, the HPA asked members to withhold support for sponsors of the 2008 Summer Olympics who were \\\"implicitly funding the genocide in Darfur through overseas investments.\\\" In conjunction with the release of the \\\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\\\" film in 2009, the organisation launched a \\\"What Would Dumbledore Do\\\" campaign, asking fans to tweet about the lessons they learned from Harry Potter's headmaster Albus Dumbledore using #dumbledore, attend the film release wearing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15813163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"during the rise in the popularity of the Harry Potter books. The research also found that children who read Harry Potter books were not more likely to go on to read outside the fantasy and mystery genres. NEA chairman Dana Gioia said the series, \\\"got millions of kids to read a long and reasonably complex series of books. The trouble is that one Harry Potter novel every few years is not enough to reverse the decline in reading.\\\" Jennifer Conn used Snape's and Quidditch coach Madam Hooch's teaching methods as examples of what to avoid and what to emulate in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"she did not like!\\\" He does however predict that Harry Potter \\\"will indeed stand time's test and wind up on a shelf where only the best are kept; I think Harry will take his place with Alice, Huck, Frodo, and Dorothy and this is one series not just for the decade, but for the ages\\\". Sameer Rahim of \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" disagreed, saying \\\"It depresses me to see 16 and 17 year-olds reading the series when they could be reading the great novels of childhood such as \\\"Oliver Twist\\\" or \\\"A House for Mr Biswas\\\". What that says about the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter in amusement parks\",\n \"text\": \"Potter\\\" by 2014. Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey was also confirmed as one of the attractions. Below is a list of all of the attractions at Harry Potter themed areas around the world. The dates shown in the columns refer to the opening and closing dates for the ride under that name. It does not mean that the ride was closed and/or removed. Harry Potter in amusement parks This article details the appearance of Harry Potter theming in amusement parks. In the late 1990s, Universal Parks and Resorts began discussing the possibility of purchasing the license for Harry Potter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14759163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Harry Potter Lexicon\",\n \"text\": \"The Harry Potter Lexicon The Harry Potter Lexicon is a fan-created online encyclopedia of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. The site was created by school librarian Steve Vander Ark. It contains detailed information for all seven published \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books. The Lexicon lists characters, places, creatures, spells, potions and magical devices, as well as analyzing magical theory and other details of the series. The Lexicon is credited as creating one of the first timelines of all events occurring in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" universe. A similar timeline of events was adopted by Warner Bros. for inclusion with their \\\"Harry Potter\\\" film DVDs,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2049970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter prequel\",\n \"text\": \"might purchase it will really understand the benefits to people out there, what it can do,\\\" he said. \\\"If it's destroyed, or if it's lost, it's a great loss.\\\" Harry Potter prequel An 800-word, untitled short story, unofficially known as the Harry Potter prequel, was written by J. K. Rowling in 2008 as part of a charity auction event, for which it fetched £25,000. The story recounts an encounter with Muggle police experienced by Sirius Black and James Potter, taking place before the events of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. The manuscript was stolen in 2017. Two Muggle policemen chase a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12080327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"values native gifts above all else\\\". In a 12 August 2007, review of \\\"Deathly Hallows\\\" in \\\"The New York Times\\\", however, Christopher Hitchens praised Rowling for \\\"unmooring\\\" her \\\"English school story\\\" from literary precedents \\\"bound up with dreams of wealth and class and snobbery\\\", arguing that she had instead created \\\"a world of youthful democracy and diversity\\\". In 2010, coinciding with the release of the film \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1,\\\" a series of articles were written about Private Harry Potter of the British army. This real-life Harry Potter was killed in the Arab Revolt near Hebron\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"third highest-grossing film series of all time . In 2016, the total value of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making \\\"Harry Potter\\\" one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming of age, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of \\\"Harry Potter\\\" explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. The success of the books\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Harry Potter Lexicon\",\n \"text\": \"appropriates too much of Rowling's creative work for its purposes as a reference guide.\\\" In December, 2008, a modified (and shorter) version of Vander Ark's Lexicon was approved for publication and was released January 16, 2009 as \\\"The Lexicon: An Unauthorized Guide to Harry Potter Fiction\\\". The Harry Potter Lexicon The Harry Potter Lexicon is a fan-created online encyclopedia of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. The site was created by school librarian Steve Vander Ark. It contains detailed information for all seven published \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books. The Lexicon lists characters, places, creatures, spells, potions and magical devices, as well as analyzing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2049974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter fandom\",\n \"text\": \"also noteworthy for its detailed criticism and discussion of the Harry Potter books. Speculation intensified with the July 2005 publication of \\\"Half-Blood Prince\\\" and the detailed post-publication interview given by Rowling to Mugglenet and The Leaky Cauldron. Notably, DumbledoreIsNotDead.com sought to understand the events of the sixth book in a different way. (Rowling later confirmed, however – on 2 August 2006 – that Dumbledore was, in fact, dead, humorously apologising to the website as she did so.) A collection of essays, \\\"Who Killed Albus Dumbledore?: What Really Happened in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince? Six Expert Harry Potter Detectives\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3604624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Places in Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"Warner Bros. to film the fictional locations in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" film series. Places in Harry Potter J. K. Rowling's \\\"Harry Potter\\\" universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels. These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, or government-affiliated locale. The Weasleys' home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts. The Burrow was used as the Order of the Phoenix's headquarters, due to the compromised Fidelius Charm placed on 12 Grimmauld Place, in \\\"Harry Potter and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3161160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"of Harry Potter\\\" opened at the Universal Studios Japan theme park in Osaka, Japan. It includes the village of Hogsmeade, \\\"Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey\\\" ride, and \\\"Flight of the Hippogriff\\\" roller coaster. On 7 April 2016, \\\"The Wizarding World of Harry Potter\\\" opened at the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park near Los Angeles, California. In March 2011, Warner Bros. announced plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" film series. \\\"The Making of Harry Potter\\\" is a behind-the-scenes walking tour featuring authentic sets, costumes and props from the film series. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725288\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"screenwriting. A number of other non-interactive media games and board games have been released such as \\\"Cluedo Harry Potter Edition\\\", \\\"Scene It? Harry Potter\\\" and \\\"Lego Harry Potter\\\" models, which are influenced by the themes of both the novels and films. There are thirteen \\\"Harry Potter\\\" video games, eight corresponding with the films and books and five spin-offs. The film/book-based games are produced by Electronic Arts, as was \\\"\\\", with the game version of the first entry in the series, \\\"Philosopher's Stone\\\", being released in November 2001. \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" went on to become one of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725281\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"a cause-and-effect relationship, there is a clear correlation, and it seems that Harry Potter's cultural impact may be stronger than just a fandom bond. Many fan fiction and fan art works about \\\"Harry Potter\\\" have been made. In March 2007, \\\"Harry Potter\\\" was the most commonly searched fan fiction subject on the internet. At the University of Michigan in 2009, StarKid Productions performed an original musical parodying the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series called \\\"A Very Potter Musical\\\". The musical was awarded \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"'s 10 Best Viral Videos of 2009. The sport Quidditch, played by characters in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series, was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725243\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release. The series has also gathered adult fans, leading to the release of two editions of each \\\"Harry Potter\\\" book, identical in text but with one edition's cover artwork aimed at children and the other aimed at adults. Besides meeting online through blogs, podcasts, and fansites, \\\"Harry Potter\\\" super-fans can also meet at \\\"Harry Potter\\\" symposia. The word \\\"Muggle\\\" has spread beyond its \\\"Harry Potter\\\" origins, becoming one of few pop culture words to land in the Oxford English Dictionary. The Harry Potter fandom has embraced podcasts as a regular, often\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725241\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a pedestrian, ungrammatical prose style\\\". Ursula K. Le Guin said, \\\"I have no great opinion of it. When so many adult critics were carrying on about the 'incredible originality' of the first Harry Potter book, I read it to find out what the fuss was about, and remained somewhat puzzled; it seemed a lively kid's fantasy crossed with a \\\"school novel\\\", good fare for its age group, but stylistically ordinary, imaginatively derivative, and ethically rather mean-spirited.\\\" By contrast, author Fay Weldon, while admitting that the series is \\\"not what the poets hoped for\\\", nevertheless goes on to say, \\\"but this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"and Harry, Voldemort, and Hermione as playable characters. In 2017, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment opened its own Harry Potter themed game design studio, by the name of Portkey Games; before releasing in 2018, developed by Jam City. All seven \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books have been released in unabridged audiobook versions, with Stephen Fry reading the UK editions and Jim Dale voicing the series for the American editions. \\\"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child: Parts I and II\\\" is a play which serves as a sequel to the books, beginning nineteen years after the events of \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725284\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lego Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"on October 21, 2016, as part of the \\\"Lego Harry Potter Collection\\\", and was also released for the Xbox One and Nintendo Switch on October 30, 2018. Lego Harry Potter Lego \\\"Harry Potter\\\" is a Lego theme based on the films of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. Lego models of important scenes, vehicles and characters were made for the first six films and all the books released. The first sets appeared in 2001, to coincide with the release of the first film \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States). Subsequent sets were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7747574\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lego Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"Lego Harry Potter Lego \\\"Harry Potter\\\" is a Lego theme based on the films of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. Lego models of important scenes, vehicles and characters were made for the first six films and all the books released. The first sets appeared in 2001, to coincide with the release of the first film \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States). Subsequent sets were released alongside the new films, until Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. The line then went dormant for three years, with sets being released in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7747565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"approval from Rowling, and has since received positive reviews from critics. An updated version of \\\"The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter\\\" was published in 2004 by Berkley Books. \\\"The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter\\\" explores the references to history, legends, and literature in J.K. Rowling's \\\"Harry Potter\\\" novels. David Colbert, the author of the book, told the \\\"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\\\" that the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" novels \\\"are [...] literary treasure hunts for [Rowling's] readers. What seem like funny-sounding names and places and excursions into fantasy all have a basis in either history, myth or legend.\\\" He added, however, that he thinks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14074169\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"of which have been highly successful in their own right. The films have in turn spawned eight video games and have led to the licensing of more than 400 additional \\\"Harry Potter\\\" products. The \\\"Harry Potter\\\" brand has been estimated to be worth as much as $25 billion. The great demand for Harry Potter books motivated \\\"The New York Times\\\" to create a separate best-seller list for children's literature in 2000, just before the release of \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\". By 24 June 2000, Rowling's novels had been on the list for 79 straight weeks; the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"in the US on 2 June 1999. \\\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\\\" was published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. \\\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\\\" is the longest book in the series, at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on 21 June 2003. \\\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"in its \\\"Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children\\\". Three of the books placed among the \\\"Top 100 Chapter Books\\\" of all time, or children's novels, in a 2012 survey published by \\\"School Library Journal\\\": \\\"Sorcerer's Stone\\\" ranked number three, \\\"Prisoner of Azkaban\\\" 12th, and \\\"Goblet of Fire\\\" 98th. In 2012, the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London featured a 100-foot tall rendition of Lord Voldemort in a segment designed to show off the UK's cultural icons. Early in its history, \\\"Harry Potter\\\" received positive reviews. On publication, the first book, \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\", attracted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725250\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Northern Potter School District\",\n \"text\": \"transfer to their institutions. Under state rules, other students that reside in the district, who attend a private school, a charter school or are homeschooled are eligible to participate in this program. In 2010, Governor Edward Rendell eliminated the grants to students, from the Commonwealth, due to a state budget crisis. Northern Potter School District does not offer Advanced Placement (AP) courses, which permit students to earn low cost college credits, while enrolled in high school. In 2014, 16 Northern Potter School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 493. The Math average score was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14050387\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Places in Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"Places in Harry Potter J. K. Rowling's \\\"Harry Potter\\\" universe contains numerous settings for the events in her fantasy novels. These locations are categorised as a dwelling, school, shopping district, or government-affiliated locale. The Weasleys' home, known as the Burrow, is located outside the village of Ottery St Catchpole, also near the home of the Lovegoods, the Diggorys and the Fawcetts. The Burrow was used as the Order of the Phoenix's headquarters, due to the compromised Fidelius Charm placed on 12 Grimmauld Place, in \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" until it lost its given protection. The Weasley house has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3161070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter fandom\",\n \"text\": \"and explore the park by themselves. The event included talks given by creators of the park, free food and butterbeer, and live wizard rock shows inside the park. In addition to conventions, Harry Potter fandom has further expanded to town festivals, including the Chestertown Harry Potter Festival, the Chestnut Hill Harry Potter Festival, Edgerton's Harry Potter Festival, and the Spellbound Festival, among others. The Harry Potter fandom has also led to the development of at least one religion. The religion of 'Snapeism' was active from 2005-2011. The Snapists (popularly known as the Snapewives) worshipped the Severus Snape character. The Snapists\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3604632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter fandom\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter fandom \\\"Harry Potter\\\" fandom refers to the community of fans of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \\\"Harry Potter\\\"-based forums, and more. The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film. By the fourth \\\"Harry Potter\\\" book, the legions of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3604602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (film series)\",\n \"text\": \"in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" franchise — \\\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\\\", \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\", \\\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\\\", \\\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\\\" and \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\", Parts 1 & 2 — have to date grossed around $216 million in IMAX theaters worldwide. The \\\"Harry Potter\\\" films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry. They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9017530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter Fan Zone\",\n \"text\": \"from an open letter written by the site. Harry Potter Fan Zone Harry Potter Fan Zone is an Australian \\\"Harry Potter\\\" fansite created in 2003 by Australian teenager Andy McCray. \\\"Harry Potter\\\" author J. K. Rowling awarded the website a \\\"Fan Site Award,\\\" stating that \\\"[it] is a great Australian site with an impressively young staff who have produced some really insightful editorials.\\\" Harry Potter Fan Zone's main focus is the coverage of \\\"Harry Potter\\\" news and \\\"Harry Potter\\\" related discussion and contents. The site has covered events in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia, including book releases, movie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12048301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter Fan Zone\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter Fan Zone Harry Potter Fan Zone is an Australian \\\"Harry Potter\\\" fansite created in 2003 by Australian teenager Andy McCray. \\\"Harry Potter\\\" author J. K. Rowling awarded the website a \\\"Fan Site Award,\\\" stating that \\\"[it] is a great Australian site with an impressively young staff who have produced some really insightful editorials.\\\" Harry Potter Fan Zone's main focus is the coverage of \\\"Harry Potter\\\" news and \\\"Harry Potter\\\" related discussion and contents. The site has covered events in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia, including book releases, movie releases, premieres and fan gatherings. At the invitation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12048299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"that \\\"Harry Potter\\\" is a parable on immigration rights, noting that US \\\"immigration, citizenship and naturalization laws are based explicitly on discrimination on the basis of national origin. Where you were born, and what passport you carry, determine whether you have the right to come here, to visit, to work, or to live here.\\\" On the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series, Rowling said on her United States book tour in October 2007, \\\"I very consciously wanted to show what is one of the great evils of war, which is that totally innocent people are slaughtered... Another great evil of war is that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10758879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Davis (potter)\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Davis (potter) Harry Clemens Davis (20 November 1910 – 7 July 1986) was a Welsh-born New Zealand potter, and husband of May Davis. Davis was born in Cardiff, Wales in 1910, the only child of a Swiss mother and English father. He was educated in Switzerland and England, and was fluent in German. After school he was sent to the Bournemouth School of Art where the pottery class was oversubscribed. Undaunted, he worked in the pottery room after hours, turning out large numbers of enormous pots which drew the attention of the headmaster. He was sent to Broadstone Potters,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14993860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"world began holding events to coincide with the midnight release of the books, beginning with the 2000 publication of \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\". The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the 10.8 million initial print copies of \\\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\\\" sold in the first 24 hours. The final book in the series, \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" became the fastest selling book in history, moving\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lego Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"Potter board game that was made available in August. In 2013, The LEGO Group officially discontinued Lego Harry Potter sets. However, a Lego Dimensions add-on pack featuring Harry Potter and Voldemort was scheduled to be released on 27 September 2016. In 2018 it was announced that more sets based on the Harry Potter Universe would be released, starting with a set based on the Great Hall. The first film (titled \\\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\\\" in the United States) saw the largest number of sets, with fourteen being made in total. Initially, only eleven were produced, however three more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7747568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"magic. I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death. We're all frightened of it.\\\" Rowling stated that \\\"\\\"Harry Potter\\\" books have always, in fact, dealt explicitly with religious themes and questions\\\" and that she did not reveal its Christian parallels in the beginning because doing so would have \\\"give[n] too much away to fans who might then see the parallels.\\\" In the final book of the series \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\", Rowling makes the book's Christian imagery more explicit, quoting both and when Harry visits his parents' graves. Hermione Granger teaches Harry Potter that the meaning of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (character)\",\n \"text\": \"was their favourite \\\"Harry Potter\\\" character, calling him a \\\"sympathetic figure\\\" and saying in response to his fights against Voldemort that \\\"everybody loves an underdog story of good vs. evil\\\". Despite being the main character, Watchmojo.com ranked him #2 on their \\\"Top 10 Harry Potter Characters\\\" list in 2014 (Severus Snape was ranked #1 on the list). According to halloweenonline.com, \\\"Harry Potter\\\" sets were the fifth-best selling Halloween costume of 2005. In addition, wizard rock bands like Harry and the Potters and others regularly dress up in the style of Harry Potter, sporting painted forehead scars, black wigs, and round\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3276461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter in translation\",\n \"text\": \"pass off as the translation of the real book by Rowling. There have been several such books, the most famous of which is probably \\\"Harry Potter and Bao Zoulong\\\" which was written and published in China in 2002, before the release of the fifth book in Rowling's series, \\\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\\\". Other fake Harry Potter books written in Chinese include \\\"Harry Potter and the Porcelain Doll\\\" (哈利・波特与瓷娃娃 or Hālì Bōtè yǔ Cíwáwa), \\\"Harry Potter and the Golden Turtle\\\", and \\\"Harry Potter and the Crystal Vase\\\". In August 2007, \\\"The New York Times\\\" noted that the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1793250\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of Harry Potter There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism of racism to anti-government sentiments. According to \\\"Inside Higher Ed\\\", doctoral theses have been devoted to the Harry Potter books. There are also several university courses centred on analysis of the Potter series, including an upper division political science course. \\\"Time\\\" magazine noted the political and social aspects of Harry Potter in their 2007 Person of the Year issue where Rowling placed third behind politicians Vladimir Putin and Al Gore. \\\"Harry Potter\\\"s potential\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10758863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter fandom\",\n \"text\": \"His prescription of taking reading breaks was rejected by two of the patients on which he discovered this headache. Researchers in Oxford found that the admission rate of children with traumatic injuries to the city's ERs plummeted on the publication weekends of both \\\"Order of the Phoenix\\\" and \\\"Half-Blood Prince\\\". Waters, G. Mithrandir, A. (2003). \\\"Ultimate Unofficial Guide to the Mysteries of Harry Potter (analysis of Books 1-4)\\\". Niles, IL: Wizarding World Press. Harry Potter fandom \\\"Harry Potter\\\" fandom refers to the community of fans of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3604656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter Alliance\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance (also known as the HPA) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by \\\"Harry Potter\\\" fans. It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan. Since then, the organisation's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy, United States immigration reform, economic justice, gay rights, sexism, labor rights, mental health, body image, and climate change. They have received recognition from many popular figures in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15813160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter influences and analogues\",\n \"text\": \"Potter\\\" involve an average eleven-year-old, better at sport than academic study, who is sent to boarding school. Upon arrival, the boy gains a best friend (in Tom's case, East, in Harry's case, Ron Weasley) who helps him adjust to the new environment. They are set upon by an arrogant bully – in Tom Brown's case, Harry Flashman, in Harry's case Draco Malfoy. Stephen Fry, who both narrates the British audio adaptations of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" novels and has starred in a screen adaptation of \\\"Tom Brown\\\", has commented many times about the similarities between the two books. \\\"Harry Potter –\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8251147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Magical creatures in Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"Granger's pet cat. Crookshanks was purchased by Hermione in a shop called Magical Menagerie in the third Harry Potter book; Harry Potter and The Prisoner Of Azkaban. Crookshanks resembles a Persian Cat, and Rowling has described him as half-Kneazle, an intelligent cat-like creature sensitive to dishonesty, explaining his identification of the rat 'Scabbers' as Peter Pettigrew, and of Sirius Black in his dog form. Crookshanks is seen in Prisoner of Azkaban talking to Padfoot in the school grounds. Crookshanks was portrayed by a cat called Crackerjack. Dobby is a \\\"house-elf\\\" in the Harry Potter series. He was once owned by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3535459\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (journalist)\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter (journalist) Harry Potter (20 July 1941 – 8 May 2014) was an Australian journalist, television reporter and presenter. A veteran police and crime reporter whose career spanned more than fifty years, Potter first joined \\\"Ten Eyewitness News\\\", a nightly news show on Network Ten, in 1978. In 2013, Harry Potter became the first recipient of the Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award. Potter was diagnosed with cancer in the early 2000s. He died from cancer on 8 May 2014, at the age of 72. He was survived by his wife, journalist Katrina Lee, and four children – Tim, Nick, Elisa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18089461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter prequel\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter prequel An 800-word, untitled short story, unofficially known as the Harry Potter prequel, was written by J. K. Rowling in 2008 as part of a charity auction event, for which it fetched £25,000. The story recounts an encounter with Muggle police experienced by Sirius Black and James Potter, taking place before the events of the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. The manuscript was stolen in 2017. Two Muggle policemen chase a speeding motorbike into a dead-end alley, cornering its riders: Sirius Black and James Potter. As the policemen confront the pair, three men fly down the alley on broomsticks. James\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12080324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\", released on 18 November 2005. Newell became the first British director of the series, with television director David Yates following suit after he was chosen to helm \\\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\\\". Production began in January 2006 and the film was released the following year in July 2007. After executives were \\\"really delighted\\\" with his work on the film, Yates was selected to direct \\\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\\\", which was released on 15 July 2009. In March 2008, Warner Bros. President and COO Alan F. Horn announced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"the first time on the shortlist for the main award, and one judge threatened to resign if \\\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\\\" was declared the overall winner; it finished second, very close behind the winner of the poetry prize, Seamus Heaney's translation of the Anglo-Saxon epic \\\"Beowulf\\\". In 2000, shortly before the publication of \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\", the previous three \\\"Harry Potter\\\" books topped \\\"The New York Times\\\" fiction best-seller list and a third of the entries were children's books. The newspaper created a new children's section covering children's books, including both fiction and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725271\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"audience. In December 2005, Rowling stated on her web site, \\\"2006 will be the year when I write the final book in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series.\\\" Updates then followed in her online diary chronicling the progress of \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\", with the release date of 21 July 2007. The book itself was finished on 11 January 2007 in the Balmoral Hotel, Edinburgh, where she scrawled a message on the back of a bust of Hermes. It read: \\\"J. K. Rowling finished writing \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" in this room (552) on 11 January 2007.\\\" Rowling\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5725236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"up terrorism by destroying bridges, murdering innocents, and forcing children to kill their elders. She also notes the parallels in the community's response saying Fred and George Weasley's shop makes a mint selling Shield Cloaks and the new Minister for Magic jails an innocent man, hoping to stave off panic and create the impression that he's taking action. Rowling said \\\"I've never thought, 'It's time for a post-9/11 Harry Potter book,' no. But what Voldemort does, in many senses, is terrorism, and that was quite clear in my mind before 9/11 happened... but there are parallels, obviously. I think one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10758911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (film series)\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" (2001) and culminating with \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\\\" (2011). A spin-off prequel series that will consist of five films started with \\\"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\\\" (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise. The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9017466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter in translation\",\n \"text\": \"other languages. The Vietnamese translation, which was originally published in instalments, originally interpreted \\\"Order\\\" as a directive and translated it as \\\"Harry Potter và Mệnh lệnh Phượng hoàng\\\"; when it became clear that \\\"Order\\\" referred to a group of people, the title was changed to \\\"Harry Potter và Hội Phượng hoàng\\\". Rowling released an alternative title for \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" for use by translators finding difficulty translating its meaning. The alternative title (in English) is \\\"Harry Potter and the Relics of Death\\\". In Italy the title has been translated as \\\"Harry Potter e i doni della morte\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1793280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"epidemic. In a parody of \\\"Harry Potter\\\", Campaign for America's Future cast Seinfeld alumnus, Jason Alexander as \\\"Lord Rovemort\\\", a Karl Rove figure that coordinates Republican \\\"obstruction\\\" in Congress. Library of Congress: Rowling, J. K. Criticism and interpretation Carrie-Ann Biondi ed., \\\"Imagining Better: Philosophical Issues in Harry Potter,\\\" collection of essays on philosophy and politics of \\\"Harry Potter\\\" in \\\"Reason Papers: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Normative Studies\\\", vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2012). Politics of Harry Potter There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10758921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (character)\",\n \"text\": \"even Voldemort possesses: the acceptance of the inevitability of death. Throughout the series, Harry Potter is described as a gifted wizard apprentice. He has a particular talent for flying, which manifests itself in \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" the first time he tries it, and gets him a place on a Quidditch team one year before the normal minimum joining age. He captains it in his sixth year. In his fourth year (\\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\"), Harry is able to confront a dragon on his broomstick. Harry is also gifted in Defence Against the Dark Arts,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3276444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (character)\",\n \"text\": \"Harry grows taller, and by the seventh book is said to be 'almost' the height of his father, and 'tall' by other characters. Rowling explained that Harry's image came to her when she first thought up Harry Potter, seeing him as a \\\"scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy\\\". She also mentioned that she thinks Harry's glasses are the clue to his vulnerability. According to Rowling, Harry is strongly guided by his own conscience, and has a keen feeling of what is right and wrong. Having \\\"very limited access to truly caring adults\\\", Rowling said, Harry \\\"is forced to make his own decisions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3276441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (character)\",\n \"text\": \"fighting. And he's after revenge [against Voldemort and Snape].\\\" This book also focuses on the mysterious activities of Harry's rival Draco Malfoy. Voldemort has coerced a frightened Malfoy into attempting to kill Dumbledore. During a duel in Moaning Myrtle's bathroom, Harry uses the Half-Blood Prince's spell, \\\"Sectumsempra,\\\" on Malfoy, who suffers near-fatal injuries as a result. Harry is horrified by what he has done and also comes to feel sympathy for Draco, after learning he was forced to do Voldemort's bidding under the threat of his and his parents' deaths. In \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\", Harry, Ron, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3276427\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (film series)\",\n \"text\": \"gave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones. They came up trumps.\\\" Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor, said many studios \\\"are bringing their work to UK effects companies. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before \\\"Harry Potter\\\". That's really significant.\\\" On 12 June 2010, filming of the \\\"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\\\" and \\\"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\\\" was completed with actor Warwick Davis stating on his Twitter account, \\\"The end of an Era – today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' – ever.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9017507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (film series)\",\n \"text\": \"second unit, and the visual effects unit. You have to know what is being captured – colours, contrast, et cetera – with mathematical precision.\\\" He noted that with Stuart Craig's \\\"amazing sets and the story\\\", the filmmakers could not \\\"stray too far from the look of the previous \\\"Harry Potter\\\" films.\\\" Along with continuous changes in cinematographers, there have been five film editors to work in post-production on the series: Richard Francis-Bruce edited the first instalment, Peter Honess the second, Steven Weisberg the third, Mick Audsley the fourth, and Mark Day films five through eight. The \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9017502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (film series)\",\n \"text\": \"was released in November 2010, and \\\"Part 2\\\" was released in July 2011. Five of the series' eight films are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, with \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\\\" the highest-grossing film in the series and one of 36 films to gross over $1 billion, ranking at number ten. Without inflation adjustment, it is the third highest-grossing film series with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Late in 1997, film producer David Heyman's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven \\\"Harry Potter\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9017468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Magic in Harry Potter\",\n \"text\": \"books present the idea that the Muggle interpretation of these stories is a distorted version of what goes on in the wizarding world. The magic of \\\"Harry Potter\\\" became the subject of a 2017 British Library exhibition and accompanying documentary. The exhibition, entitled \\\"Harry Potter: A History of Magic\\\", is the first at the British Library to be inspired by a single series by a living author. Witches and wizards need training to learn how to control their magic. With young and untrained children, magic will manifest itself subconsciously in moments of strong apprehension, fear, anger and sadness. For example,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2083270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter fandom\",\n \"text\": \"on all things Harry Potter.\\\" On another occasion, Rowling has called the Leaky Cauldron her \\\"favourite fan site.\\\" In 2006, the Brazilian website Potterish was the only site honoured, in recognition of its \\\"style, [its] Potter-expertise and [its] responsible reporting.\\\" In May 2007, Harry Potter Fan Zone received the award. Rowling recognized the insightful editorials as well as praised the site for its young and dedicated staff. In December 2007, the award went to The Harry Potter Alliance, a campaign that seeks to end discrimination, genocide, poverty, AIDS, global warming, and other \\\"real-world Dark Arts\\\", relating these problems to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3604609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (character)\",\n \"text\": \"down Ignotus' Invisibility Cloak through the generations. Two of Harry Potter's ancestors have sat on the Wizengamot: Ralston Potter and Henry Potter. Ralston was a member from 1612-1652, and an ardent supporter of the Statute of Secrecy. Henry Potter, known as \\\"Harry\\\" to his closest loved ones, was a direct descendant of Hardwin and Iolanthe, and a paternal great-grandfather of Harry Potter. Henry served on the Wizengamot from 1913 - 1921, and caused a minor controversy when he publicly condemned then Minister for Magic, Archer Evermonde, for prohibiting the magical community from helping Muggles waging the First World War. Henry's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3276457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7\",\n \"text\": \"Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7 Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Released on 11 November 2011 in North America and 18 November in Europe, the game is based on the Lego Harry Potter line and is based on the final three books and four films in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series: \\\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\\\", \\\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\\\", \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\\\", and \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\\\". The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15619138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter influences and analogues\",\n \"text\": \"followers/apprentices. Both stories also have a prophesied \\\"Chosen One\\\" who will destroy evil. In the \\\"Harry Potter series\\\", it is Harry Potter who is the chosen one who would defeat the Dark Lord Voldemort. In \\\"Star Wars\\\", it is presumed and appears to be Luke Skywalker, but actually revealed to be Anakin Skywalker as proclaimed in the Jedi prophecy who would destroy the Sith and bring balance to the Force. He does this after being redeemed by his son, Luke Skywalker. More recent theories contrast this and argue that Luke is indeed the chosen one who will bring balance to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8251163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter influences and analogues\",\n \"text\": \"deals with those analogues which Rowling has not cited either as influences or as favourites but which others have claimed bear comparison with \\\"Harry Potter\\\". Rowling has never openly credited any single author with inspiration, saying, \\\"I haven't got the faintest idea where my ideas come from, or how my imagination works. I'm just grateful that it does, because it gives me more entertainment than it gives anyone else.\\\" However, she has mentioned a number of favourite authors as probable influences in her creation of \\\"Harry Potter\\\". The works are listed roughly in order of publication. Rowling has said, \\\"I've\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8251120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter Alliance\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter Alliance was founded in 2005 by comedian Andrew Slack and the wizard rock band Harry and the Potters, initially collecting donations for Amnesty International at their shows. In 2006, the organisation partnered with Walmart Watch to create a series of YouTube videos about the \\\"Dark Lord Waldemart\\\" in order to educate fans about Walmart's labour practices. The three videos have been viewed nearly three and a half million times total. In 2007, the Harry Potter Alliance broadcast a special edition of PotterCast, a popular fandom podcast, called \\\"Becoming Dumbledore's Army: Harry Potter Fans for Darfur,\\\" to educate fans\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15813161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\",\n \"text\": \"was symbolic, as Harry's horizons widened both literally and metaphorically as he grew up. She also wanted to explore more of the magical world. Until the official title's announcement on 27 June 2000, the book was called by its working title, 'Harry Potter IV.' Previously, in April, the publisher had listed it as \\\"Harry Potter and the Doomspell Tournament\\\". However, J. K. Rowling expressed her indecision about the title in an \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" interview. \\\"I changed my mind twice on what [the title] was. The working title had got out — \\\"Harry Potter and the Doomspell Tournament\\\". Then I changed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1884302\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the chamber of secrets","hogwarts quidditch teams","n.e.w.t.","hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry","hogwart's house system","hogwarts house points","hogwart's school of witchcraft and wizardry","the hogwarts express","hogwarts school","newts","howgarts","o.w.l.","hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardery","chamber of the silent","hogwarts school for witchcraft and wizardry","hogwarts castle","ravenclaw","chamber of secrets","gryffindor","hufflepuff","locations in hogwarts","founders of hogwarts","o.w.l.s","hogwarts","newt","hogwarts layout","chamber of secrets","hogwarts houses","battle of hogwarts","griphindor","slitherin","ordinary wizarding levels","owlery","hogwarts high school","ordinary wizarding level","hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry","nastily exhausting wizarding test","the chamber of secrets","rowana ravenclaw","hogwarts floor directory","hogwarts houses","hogwards","list of hogwarts quidditch teams","hogwarts express","griffindor","hogwart's","room of requirement","slytherin","hogwarts castle"],"string":"[\n \"the chamber of secrets\",\n \"hogwarts quidditch teams\",\n \"n.e.w.t.\",\n \"hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry\",\n \"hogwart's house system\",\n \"hogwarts house points\",\n \"hogwart's school of witchcraft and wizardry\",\n \"the hogwarts express\",\n \"hogwarts school\",\n \"newts\",\n \"howgarts\",\n \"o.w.l.\",\n \"hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardery\",\n \"chamber of the silent\",\n \"hogwarts school for witchcraft and wizardry\",\n \"hogwarts castle\",\n \"ravenclaw\",\n \"chamber of secrets\",\n \"gryffindor\",\n \"hufflepuff\",\n \"locations in hogwarts\",\n \"founders of hogwarts\",\n \"o.w.l.s\",\n \"hogwarts\",\n \"newt\",\n \"hogwarts layout\",\n \"chamber of secrets\",\n \"hogwarts houses\",\n \"battle of hogwarts\",\n \"griphindor\",\n \"slitherin\",\n \"ordinary wizarding levels\",\n \"owlery\",\n \"hogwarts high school\",\n \"ordinary wizarding level\",\n \"hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry\",\n \"nastily exhausting wizarding test\",\n \"the chamber of secrets\",\n \"rowana ravenclaw\",\n \"hogwarts floor directory\",\n \"hogwarts houses\",\n \"hogwards\",\n \"list of hogwarts quidditch teams\",\n \"hogwarts express\",\n \"griffindor\",\n \"hogwart's\",\n \"room of requirement\",\n \"slytherin\",\n \"hogwarts castle\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78596,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many players per team are there in a game of beach volleyball?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"lower back, and especially shoulder is common as well, but is less prevalent than in indoor volleyball due to the soft landing surface. Acute lost-time injuries are also relatively rare in beach volleyball compared to other team sports. Many players use kinesiology tape. Interest in this tape has surged after American beach volleyball player and three-time Olympic gold medalist Kerri Walsh wore it at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Beach volleyball Beach volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of two players on a sand court divided by a net. As in indoor volleyball, the objective of the game","psg_id":"1738733"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"lower back, and especially shoulder is common as well, but is less prevalent than in indoor volleyball due to the soft landing surface. Acute lost-time injuries are also relatively rare in beach volleyball compared to other team sports. Many players use kinesiology tape. Interest in this tape has surged after American beach volleyball player and three-time Olympic gold medalist Kerri Walsh wore it at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Beach volleyball Beach volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of two players on a sand court divided by a net. As in indoor volleyball, the objective of the game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738733\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina","text":"representing Sweden in the Olympic Games of Rio 2016. Nina Grawender was born on October 15, 1987 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender are professional beach volleyball players from Sweden. They started playing together in February 2013 and by achieving good results on the European Tour and World Tour they were selected as Sweden's national team in September 2013. Karin and Nina are coached by Wesley Pinheiro, from Brazil. Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender's best results in 2013 are 9th place at the European Championships in Klagenfurt, Austria, and first place at","psg_id":"17716889"},{"title":"Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina","text":"Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender are professional beach volleyball players from Sweden. They started playing together in February 2013 and by achieving good results on the European Tour and World Tour they were selected as Sweden's national team in September 2013. Karin and Nina are coached by Wesley Pinheiro, from Brazil. Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender's best results in 2013 are 9th place at the European Championships in Klagenfurt, Austria, and first place at the Nevza tournaments in Oslo and Gothenburg. Karin Lundqvist was born on October 5, 1981 in Stockholm, Sweden. She started","psg_id":"17716887"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"sport, and organizes the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships and the international professional beach volleyball circuit known as the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. Beach volleyball is a variant of indoor volleyball, which was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan. Beach volleyball most likely originated in 1915 on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii, at the Outrigger Canoe Club. According to a 1978 interview of an Outrigger Canoe Club member, George David \"Dad\" Center put a net up there, and the first recorded game of beach volleyball took place. In 1920, new jetties in Santa Monica, California created a large sandy","psg_id":"1738681"},{"title":"Nestea Beach Volleyball","text":"the tourney will have a conflict with the UAAP women's volleyball finals, the teams will send a Team B composed of those who not make it in the line-up of the UAAP team. The teams are composed of the champion teams in their respective collegiate beach volleyball leagues. In 2015, Fantasy Match, a side event of the competition was added in the line-up of the activities in the Nestea Beach tourney. For the 2016 edition, top volleyball players in the country will be played in the Fantasy Match on April 29–30, coinciding with the semifinals and finals of the intercollegiate","psg_id":"19400882"},{"title":"Volleyball variations","text":"if the both balls simultaneously touch the hands of the players or land on their side of the court, the opposing team scores a point. The rest of the rules are similar to the basic version of pioneerball. There is also a variation of pioneerball for blind children. Volleyball variations Originated and popular in Kerala,India. A variation of the game rivaling the original sport of volleyball in popularity, beach volleyball evolved from the recreational games of volleyball played on many beaches around the world. It became an official Olympic sport in 1996. This version, rather than being played on indoor","psg_id":"8975631"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"began testing rule changes to the court size and scoring system. The beach volleyball court dimension was reduced from the indoor court size of to , and the scoring system was changed from sideout scoring, wherein only the serving team can score a point, to rally scoring, wherein a point is scored on every serve. The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) adopted the FIVB's rule changes that same year, which upset many of the sport's purists at the time. The new rules were officially adopted by the FIVB in 2002. Beach volleyball is fundamentally similar to indoor volleyball. However, there","psg_id":"1738699"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"California, beach volleyball is strongly associated with a casual, beach-centric lifestyle. As it developed nearly in parallel with modern surfing, beach volleyball culture shares some similarities with surf culture. The beach bum archetype is one such example. Professional beach volleyball matches often have a \"party atmosphere\", with loud music, announcers and dancers in between points and during time-outs. Fashion often extends from the clothing worn during play, like the bikini or boardshorts. And much like surfers, beach volleyball players are at the mercy of the weather; patterns of play often develop based on weather conditions like sun and wind. Nudists","psg_id":"1738731"},{"title":"Beach Volleyball Database","text":"Beach Volleyball Database The Beach Volleyball Database is an online website that holds extensive information about international beach volleyball players, tournaments and history. News are frequently updated, and the site has results for continental and international tournaments. It is the only website of its kind in the sport of beach volleyball. The press operations officer for the AVP, Tim Simmons, has said that the Beach Volleyball Database has had a major impact on the sport. Information that is now easily accessible through the website, used to take time consuming research through different sources. Now professional athletes have a chance to","psg_id":"12268469"},{"title":"Beach Volleyball Republic","text":"Beach Volleyball Republic Beach Volleyball Republic, Inc. (BVR) is an organization aimed for the development and growth of beach volleyball in the Philippines formed in June 2015. Co-founded by former Ateneo Lady Eagles volleybelles and current professional players Charo Soriano, Gretchen Ho, Fille Cainglet-Cayetano, Dzi Gervacio, Bea Tan and former Petron Blaze Spikers player Alexa Micek, BVR organized beach volleyball tournaments in different beaches and public places in the Philippines, grassroots development program for the young and aspiring players and the professional circuit tours thru the Beach Royals program under Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) beach volleyball consultant Eric Lecain including","psg_id":"19218570"},{"title":"Summer Heat Beach Volleyball","text":"were experiencing a period of renewed popularity for the first time in many years, although it received considerably less hype and critical praise than its contemporaries \"Beach Spikers\", \"Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball\", and \"Outlaw Volleyball\". It currently has a score of 68.09% on GameRankings and 65 out of 100 on Metacritic. The game was one of several poor-selling titles that would lead to Acclaim's bankruptcy in 2004. In 2006, Canadian game publisher Throwback Entertainment acquired the property rights for \"Summer Heat Beach Volleyball\" from Acclaim. Throwback had planned on developing another \"Summer Heat\" volleyball game for release on","psg_id":"6810525"},{"title":"Beach Volleyball Republic","text":"Division The Cebu leg is BVR's seventh this year and its the final stop before the 2017 BVR National Championships happening later in July. Participating teams Women's Men's Final standings (Women's) Final standings (Men's) The winners in Cagayan will be part of the Philippines national team pool for the ASEAN games. Participating teams Women's Men's Final round Women's Men's Beach Volleyball Republic Beach Volleyball Republic, Inc. (BVR) is an organization aimed for the development and growth of beach volleyball in the Philippines formed in June 2015. Co-founded by former Ateneo Lady Eagles volleybelles and current professional players Charo Soriano, Gretchen","psg_id":"19218579"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"(overhand passes which accidentally cross over the net are an exception). These differences between the rules of indoor volleyball and beach volleyball strongly affect tactics and techniques. Beach volleyball players use hand signals to indicate to their partners the type of block they either intend to make (if they are the designated blocker) or that they want their partner to make (if they are the designated defender). Block signals are important so that both the blocker and defender know which area of the court is their responsibility to cover. Block signals are made behind the back to hide them from","psg_id":"1738709"},{"title":"Summer Heat Beach Volleyball","text":"travel over the net no later than the third hit. The game supports up to four players, though the use of a multitap accessory is required for three and four player games. \"Summer Heat\" is styled similarly to other arcade-style volleyball games of the era, where there is an emphasis on the sex appeal of the bikini-clad female characters as well as having the overall tone and atmosphere of a summer beach party. \"Summer Heat's\" soundtrack features music from Pink, Sum 41, Kylie Minogue, Sprung Monkey, Freshmaka, and Suburban. The game was released during a period where volleyball video games","psg_id":"6810524"},{"title":"Beach Volleyball Major Series","text":"Beach Volleyball Major Series The Beach Volleyball Major Series (or Beach Major Series and formerly the Swatch Beach Volleyball Major Series) is an international series of beach volleyball tournaments which began in 2015. The tournaments consist of Tour Stops and form part of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. The series concludes with the FIVB World Tour Finals. Each tournament in the series has a prize pool of USD$300,000 per gender, except for the World Tour Finals which has a prize pool of USD$400,000 per gender. The Beach Volleyball Major Series arose out of a joint-venture between Austrian companies Red","psg_id":"19575766"},{"title":"Beach Volleyball Major Series","text":"his debut courtside on the FIVB Tour at the Hamburg Major. Beach Volleyball Major Series The Beach Volleyball Major Series (or Beach Major Series and formerly the Swatch Beach Volleyball Major Series) is an international series of beach volleyball tournaments which began in 2015. The tournaments consist of Tour Stops and form part of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. The series concludes with the FIVB World Tour Finals. Each tournament in the series has a prize pool of USD$300,000 per gender, except for the World Tour Finals which has a prize pool of USD$400,000 per gender. The Beach Volleyball","psg_id":"19575772"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"popularity has spread to the rest of the world as well. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international governing body for the sport. The FIVB publishes the Official Beach Volleyball Rules every four years, as approved by the FIVB congress, which provides the framework for how beach volleyball is played internationally. Beach volleyball is played on a rectangular sand court. The court is long and wide, surrounded by a clear space, which is at least wide on all sides. The minimum height clearance for beach volleyball courts is . The sand should be as leveled as possible and","psg_id":"1738693"},{"title":"Volleyball (video game)","text":"Volleyball (video game) \"Volleyball\" is a sports video game that follows the rules of volleyball. The player controls a team of six players, three at the net and three in back. The player serves the ball into play by pressing the same button twice. The game is a six player-a-side volleyball simulation. Players can select teams to compete in either a men's or women's competition from the following countries: United States, Japan, People's Republic of China, South Korea, Brazil, Soviet Union, Belgium, Cuba, Tunisia. \"Volleyball\" is based on an arcade game. \"Volleyball\" was developed by Pax Soft Nica and Nintendo","psg_id":"10738145"},{"title":"2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team","text":"2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2016. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her third season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2015 season was the first as an official NCAA sport, the designation being coordinated with a name change from sand volleyball to beach volleyball. The season was also the Panthers first in the CCSA, finishing in second","psg_id":"19409993"},{"title":"LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball","text":"LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball The LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball team represents Louisiana State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Tigers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA), and play their home matches at the new on-campus LSU Beach Volleyball Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. They are currently led by head coach Russell Brock. The LSU Tigers beach volleyball team, originally known as the \"LSU Tigers sand volleyball team\", played its first season in 2014. The first coach of the Tigers was Fran Flory (2014–2016) who","psg_id":"20057269"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"competition, amid concerns the uniform was inappropriate. In early 2012, the FIVB announced it would allow shorts (maximum length above the knee) and sleeved tops at the London 2012 Olympics. The federation spokesman said that \"many of these countries have religious and cultural requirements so the uniform needed to be more flexible\". And in fact, the weather was so cold for the evening games at London 2012 that the players sometimes had to wear shirts and leggings. Beach volleyball culture includes the people, language, fashion, and life surrounding the sport of modern beach volleyball. With its origins in Hawaii and","psg_id":"1738730"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"were early adopters of the game. Records of regular games in clubs can be found as early as the 1920s. Given the outdoor nature of nudism/naturism, a beach version of volleyball was naturally adopted. By the 1960s, a volleyball court could be found in almost all nudist/naturist clubs. A large (over 70 teams) nude volleyball tournament has been held each fall since 1971 at White Thorn Lodge in western Pennsylvania, and several smaller tournaments occur each year throughout North America. The most common injuries in beach volleyball are knee, ankle and finger injuries. Pain due to overuse of the knee,","psg_id":"1738732"},{"title":"Nestea Beach Volleyball","text":"by 4 players) duel in a beach volleyball exhibition game. The tournament is organized by Volleyworks and sanctioned by the Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF), thru Executive Director Otie Camangian which served as the tournament director. In the 19th edition of the tourney, 10 teams will be competed in the men's divisions including the finals contenders University of Southern Philippines Foundation Panthers and the CSB Blazers, while in the distaff side, 12 teams will be participating in the three-day event, among them are the 2015 champions UST Golden Tigresses and first runner-up DLSU Lady Spikers. Tournament director Camangian stated that if","psg_id":"19400881"},{"title":"Volleyball (video game)","text":"Thomas of \"IGN\" said that \"Volleyball\" could be Nintendo's worst sports game, worse than even \"NES Soccer\". He said the controls were automatically frustrating. Volleyball (video game) \"Volleyball\" is a sports video game that follows the rules of volleyball. The player controls a team of six players, three at the net and three in back. The player serves the ball into play by pressing the same button twice. The game is a six player-a-side volleyball simulation. Players can select teams to compete in either a men's or women's competition from the following countries: United States, Japan, People's Republic of China,","psg_id":"10738147"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) is the main domestic professional tour, organizing tournaments annually such as the Manhattan Beach Open. The AVP tour is not FIVB-approved and has had conflicts with the FIVB in the 1980s and 1990s over regulations and sponsorship, leading to an initial boycott of FIVB events by the top American players. In Germany, the Techniker Beach Tour, previously known as the Smart Beach Tour, is the top domestic tour and is FIVB-approved. It is the organized by the German Volleyball Association and each season ends with the German Beach Volleyball Championships. In Brazil, the FIVB-approved","psg_id":"1738723"},{"title":"2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour","text":"2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2008 beach volleyball season. The 2008 AVP calendar comprises the Hot Winter Nights Tour, an indoor beach volleyball circuit, and the main AVP Crocs Tour. This is the complete schedule of events on the 2008 Hot Winter Nights calendar, with the players' final standings. Each event consisted of four invited men and women players competing in a one-night round-robin tournament in an indoor beach volleyball arena.","psg_id":"20651387"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"beach volleyball. The primary international governing body for beach volleyball is the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The regional governing bodies are: In the United States, USA Volleyball is the governing body for beach volleyball, as well as indoor and sitting volleyball. The FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour is the international professional tour for both men and women organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The inaugural tour was held in 1997, replacing the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Series that began in 1989 for men and 1992 for women. World Tour tournaments are ranked from 1 to 5 stars,","psg_id":"1738720"},{"title":"2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team","text":"earning a spot as the 7th seed in the NCAA Tournament. 2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2017. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fourth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2016 season was the second as an official NCAA sport, and the first that the Panthers played in the CCSA, finishing in second place. The Panthers","psg_id":"20023653"},{"title":"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team","text":"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2018. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fifth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and compete in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2017 season was the third as an official NCAA sport, and the second that the Panthers played in the CCSA. The Panthers finished with a 24-12 record, ranked 11th in the official NCAA sanctioned AVCA coaches poll.","psg_id":"20616521"},{"title":"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team","text":"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2018. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fifth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and compete in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2017 season was the third as an official NCAA sport, and the second that the Panthers played in the CCSA. The Panthers finished with a 24-12 record, ranked 11th in the official NCAA sanctioned AVCA coaches poll.","psg_id":"20616520"},{"title":"2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team","text":"place. The Panthers were ranked in the official top 10 during the entire season, earning a spot as the 7th seed in the NCAA Tournament. 2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2016. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her third season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2015 season was the first as an official NCAA sport, the designation","psg_id":"19409994"},{"title":"2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team","text":"2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2017. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fourth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2016 season was the second as an official NCAA sport, and the first that the Panthers played in the CCSA, finishing in second place. The Panthers were ranked in the official top 10 during the entire season,","psg_id":"20023652"},{"title":"LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball","text":"compiled a record of 40–28 () at LSU. In 2017, Russell Brock became head beach volleyball coach at LSU. <small> Mango's Beach Volleyball Club is the home court and practice facility for the beach volleyball team. Mango's is a privately owned beach volleyball facility open to the public, located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The facility has 13 sand courts. LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball The LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball team represents Louisiana State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Tigers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association","psg_id":"20057270"},{"title":"FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour","text":"Finals are the season-ending championships of the FIVB World Tour and features the top 10 teams per gender during the regular season. The tournament was first held in 2015. FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour The FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour (known between 2003 and 2012 as the \"FIVB Beach Volleyball Swatch World Tour\" for sponsorship reasons) is the worldwide professional beach volleyball tour for both men and women organized by the \"\" (FIVB). The World Tour was introduced for men in 1989 while the women first competed in 1992. Winning the World Tour is considered to be one of the","psg_id":"12160564"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"referee judges that a team has made a playing action that violates the rules. When a team commits a fault, the opposing team receives a point and gains the right to serve. If both teams commit a fault simultaneously, the point is replayed. Common faults include: In the 1990s, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball reduced the standard internal pressure for a beach volleyball ball from the indoor standard of 0.30–0.325 kgf/cm to 0.175–0.225 kgf/cm, and increased the standard circumference of the beach volleyball ball from the indoor standard of 65–67 cm to 66–68 cm. In the 2001 season, the FIVB","psg_id":"1738698"},{"title":"Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball","text":"Alan Knipe, Brent Hilliard (NCAA Final Four MVP), Brett Winslow, Jason Stimpfig and Ray Ratelle (Asics/VB Mag. & AVCA C.O.Y.). No other 'BEACH' Men's VB Team has ever won as many games as this singular team; they were a combined 89% in their win-lost ratio. With co-MVP's Josh Tunaniga, JR-Setter AND TJ DeFalco, JR-Outside Hitter, eight thousand in the stands were treated to a thrilling five-setter match (in overtime) favoring the men of south L.A. county. Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball The Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball team is the NCAA Division I men's volleyball team for the","psg_id":"14357392"},{"title":"Ateneo Lady Eagles Volleyball Team","text":"they became the League's Runner-Up they have lost to their archrival DLSU. In the Awarding Ceremony, Alyssa Valdez claims her 3rd straight MVP Award, 4th straight Best Scorer award, and 3rd straight Best Server award. The Lady Eagles will try to reclaim their title on UAAP Season 79 many players will make a comeback like Michelle Morente, Maddie Madayag, Ana Gopico and Kat Tolentino as well. Coaching Staff Team Staff Medical Staff University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) UAAP Beach Volleyball National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Shakey's V-League International Ateneo Lady Eagles Volleyball Team The Ateneo Lady Blue Eagles","psg_id":"18910495"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"volleyball\" in favor of the more usual \"beach volleyball.\" Beach volleyball is a men's and women's championship sport in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). In the NCAA, it is contested at both the high school and college level. The European Universities Beach Volleyball Championships are held annually as part of the European Universities Championships. The FIVB organizes the annual U19 and U21 World Championships. World Championships for the U17 and U23 age-groups were previously held as well. Teams are awarded FIVB ranking points at these Championships, but not prize money.","psg_id":"1738726"},{"title":"American Volleyball Coaches Association","text":"that players were paired with different partners from other schools for every match, until the semi-final winners were determined. That year there was also a men's competition in the same format. In 2010 the NCAA categorized women's beach volleyball as an \"emerging sport.\" Beginning in the spring of 2012 the AVCA began sponsoring a national championship tournament for women's collegiate beach volleyball. The AVCA has separate brackets for teams and for individual pairs. The champions of the team tournaments are: The NCAA granted full sponsorship to beach volleyball in all three NCAA divisions, with the first NCAA championship being held","psg_id":"10372219"},{"title":"Volleyball","text":"and it consists of almost 100 professional players. IBVPA claims its goal is to help athletes and provide them with the means to enjoy playing volleyball by improving the way the sport is run. Another controversy within the sport is the issue of the inclusion of transgender players. With transgender athletes such as Tifanny Abreu joining professional volleyball teams alongside other non-transgender teammates, many professionals, sports analysts, and fans of volleyball are either expressing concerns about the legitimacy and fairness of having transgender players on a team or expressing support for the transgender people's efforts. There are many variations on","psg_id":"446011"},{"title":"Zhang Xi (beach volleyball)","text":"Together with her partner Xue Chen, Zhang Xi in 2012 reached fourth place at the London Olympics. Zhang Xi (beach volleyball) Zhang Xi (born 19 April 1985 in Jiangsu) is a Chinese female beach volleyball player, measuring in height. She won the gold medal in the women's team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, partnering with comparator Xue Chen. Zhang Xi in 2002 and 2003 she played each game she was scheduled to play. In 2004, she moved on to start playing full-time in the Swatch FIVB World Tour. In 2006, she began to partner Xue Chen in","psg_id":"12199247"},{"title":"Zhang Xi (beach volleyball)","text":"Zhang Xi (beach volleyball) Zhang Xi (born 19 April 1985 in Jiangsu) is a Chinese female beach volleyball player, measuring in height. She won the gold medal in the women's team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, partnering with comparator Xue Chen. Zhang Xi in 2002 and 2003 she played each game she was scheduled to play. In 2004, she moved on to start playing full-time in the Swatch FIVB World Tour. In 2006, she began to partner Xue Chen in the SWATCH tournament season. After finishing the tournament she went back to study at the Physical Education","psg_id":"12199245"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"partner is showing the closed fist the blocker should block \"ball\" and open hand means that the blocker should \"pull-off\" the net. There are several basic skills competitive players need to master: serving, passing, setting, attacking, blocking, and digging. Serving is the act of putting the ball into play by striking it with the hand or arm from behind the rear court boundary. Serving can take the form of an underhand serve or an overhand serve, and examples include: float serve, jump-float serve, top-spin serve, jump serve, sky ball serve and reverse sky ball serve. As beach volleyball is usually","psg_id":"1738711"},{"title":"Volleyball variations","text":"absorb initial impact on the arms. Ideally this type of volleyball is used to introduce the game to first time players and adolescents, with a focus on control, fundamentals of the game and just having fun. The Soft Volleyball is commonly used in Japanese Elementary and Junior Highschools for the very purpose mentioned above. A usual game of Soft Volleyball has 4 people per side rather than 6. Biribol was the first aquatic variant of volleyball. It was invented in the 60's in Birigui, Brazil, and has moderate popularity in the country. Aquatic volleyball is a team sport similar to","psg_id":"8975619"},{"title":"Volleyball variations","text":"the fundamentals of volleyball, Newcomb (occasionally referred to as \"Nuke 'em\") is generally taught to school-aged children but is also popular among adults of limited athletic ability. Its main differences from regular volleyball are that the ball can be caught before passing on to a team-mate or over the net, and each pass or serve is a throw rather than a hit. While most other volleyball rules apply, variations on the numbers of players per team and the numbers of 'catches' per side are common, and players holding the ball are sometimes allowed a limited number of steps. Newcomb (or","psg_id":"8975599"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"the camera angles during the beach volleyball games. Twenty percent of the camera angles were focused on the chest area and seventeen percent of the angles were focused on the buttock area. The study concludes that this implies the look of the players is having a greater impact on fans than their actual athleticism. Some conservative cultures have expressed moral objections to the swimsuit as a uniform. At the 2007 South Pacific Games, rules were adjusted to require less revealing shorts and cropped sports tops. At the 2006 Asian Games, only one Muslim country fielded a team in the woman's","psg_id":"1738729"},{"title":"Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball","text":"Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball The Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball team is the NCAA Division I men's volleyball team for the Long Beach State University. Alan Knipe is the current Head Coach of 14 years, though he's been with the program since 2001. <small> The volleyball team played in the Goldmine gymnasium at CSULB until 1994. Since November 30, 1994, the team has played at the Walter Pyramid. The 18-story tall complex has played host twice to the NCAA Men's Volleyball Championships (2001, 2003). Its infrastructure utilizes 18,000 steel tubes and connection modules. It cost approximately $22","psg_id":"14357390"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"an expansion the next year to three events. The California Pro Beach Tour debuted with events in Laguna Beach, Santa Barbara and the World Championship in Redondo. In following years the tour expanded nationally and was renamed the Pro Beach Volleyball Tour. It consisted of five events in California and tournaments in Florida, Colorado, and Chicago. By 1984, the Pro Beach consisted of 16 events around the country and had a total prize purse of US$300,000. At the end of the year, however, Event Concepts was forced out of the sport by a players' strike at the World Championship and","psg_id":"1738688"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"the third hit. Similar to a pass, the ball can be set with either a forearm pass technique, known as a bump set, or an overhand pass technique, known as a hand set. Due to the stricter standards for ball rotation when hand setting in beach volleyball than in indoor volleyball, as well as the environmental factors that make it harder to hand set a ball \"cleanly\", the bump set is more common in the beach game. When hand setting, the player's hands must contact the ball simultaneously. If a referee determines that a double-hit has occurred, the point will","psg_id":"1738715"},{"title":"Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball","text":"Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball The Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball team represents Georgia State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Panthers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA). The Panthers play their home matches at the GSU Sand Volleyball Complex on the university's Atlanta campus, and are currently led by head coach Beth Van Fleet. With the emergence of football at Georgia State University, due to Title IX scholarship restrictions, it was necessary for GSU to increase the amount of women's scholarships available in their athletic program","psg_id":"19018396"},{"title":"H.O.P.E Beach Volleyball Charity","text":"provides various activities for the players and their families free of cost. The event has live entertainment, vendors, and food. The event is highly publicized which helps to spread knowledge of the tournament as well. H.O.P.E Beach Volleyball Charity The H.O.P.E Beach Volleyball Charity Tournament is a philanthropic volleyball tournament that aims at earning money and gaining awareness on behalf of various charitable organizations. The first tournament took place in the summer of 1989. The tournament is completely nonprofit and is put together by unpaid volunteers. The program normally reaches out to smaller, local charitable organizations. The tournament is held","psg_id":"14918024"},{"title":"2016 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship","text":"the first round of a double-elimination style tournament to be played across a three-day span. Matches were won by the first team to win three-of-five sets. 2016 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship The 2016 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship was the first annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate beach volleyball in the United States. The tournament was played on the beaches of Gulf Shores, Alabama, hosted by the University of Alabama at Birmingham, from May 6–8, 2016. The American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) had previously sponsored a beach volleyball championship prior to the NCAA's sanctioning of the","psg_id":"19498344"},{"title":"2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour","text":"This is the complete schedule of events on the 2008 AVP Crocs Tour calendar, with team progression documented from the semifinals stage. All tournaments, with the exception of the Glendale Best of the Beach Invitational, consisted of single-elimination qualifying rounds followed by a double-elimination main draw. The Glendale Best of the Beach Invitational was a round-robin tournament. 2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2008 beach volleyball season. The 2008 AVP calendar comprises","psg_id":"20651388"},{"title":"2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup","text":"2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup The 2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup (CBVC) is the qualification tournament for the beach volleyball tournament (for men and women) at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The CBVC will take place between 1 June 2010 and 24 June 2012, with a direct elimination competition format where the winning NOC/NF(s) moves on to the next phase. The competition will consist of three phases: Sub zone, Zone and Continental Final. The five winning NOCs/NFs (one per Continental Confederation territory (Asia/Oceania, North America, South America, Europe and Africa)) per gender will qualify. At the CBVC Final, NOCs/NFs which have","psg_id":"15185932"},{"title":"Association of Volleyball Professionals","text":"prize purse of US$175,000$225,000. AVPNext was started in 2014 as a development competition series, serving as a pipeline for future AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour players. AVPNext tournaments enable players to earn AVP national ranking points which are required for qualification and seeding in the Pro Beach Volleyball Tour events. The highest-ranked AVPNext teams from each region at the end of the season also receive direct entry into the Manhattan Beach Open. AVPFirst was launched in 2015 as a non-profit youth development program aimed at increasing youth participation in the sport through beach volleyball clinics and events. The inaugural AVPFirst","psg_id":"5949419"},{"title":"PVF Beach Volleyball tournament","text":"Light Women’s Beach Volleyball Challenge 3rd Leg) March 1, 2015 (Tanduay Light Women’s Beach Volleyball Challenge 4th Leg) July 19, 2015 (Tanduay PVF Beach Volleyball Invitational 1st Leg/Inauguration of the Indoor Beach Volleyball Sand Court) Men's Women's September 19, 2015 (PVF Beach Volleyball Invitational 2nd Leg) Men's Women's October 24, 2015 (PVF-Tanduay Beach Volleyball Invitational 3rd Leg) Men's Women's December 5, 2015 (Tanduay-Summit Invitational Beach Volleyball 4th Leg) Men's Women's PVF Beach Volleyball tournament The PVF-Cantada Beach Volleyball tournaments is a once-a-month-only beach volleyball (with no registration fees) invitational tournament for men's and women's organized by the Philippine Volleyball Federation","psg_id":"19037594"},{"title":"Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball","text":"to sponsor it and provide a championship, as well as the addition of beach volleyball as an official CCSA sport (which led to that conference changing its name from the original Coastal Collegiate Swimming Association). This also coincided with the NCAA changing the name of the sport from \"sand\" to \"beach\" volleyball. Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball The Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball team represents Georgia State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Panthers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA). The Panthers play their home matches at","psg_id":"19018398"},{"title":"2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour","text":"earned during the year. 2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2015 beach volleyball season. This is the complete schedule of events on the 2015 calendar, with team progression documented from the semifinals stage. All tournaments consisted of single-elimination qualifying rounds followed by a double-elimination main draw. The 2015 AVP Awards Banquet was held on October 28 in Newport Beach, California. The season's top performers were chosen based on statistics, player votes and","psg_id":"20649269"},{"title":"2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour","text":"2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2015 beach volleyball season. This is the complete schedule of events on the 2015 calendar, with team progression documented from the semifinals stage. All tournaments consisted of single-elimination qualifying rounds followed by a double-elimination main draw. The 2015 AVP Awards Banquet was held on October 28 in Newport Beach, California. The season's top performers were chosen based on statistics, player votes and AVP national ranking points","psg_id":"20649268"},{"title":"South American Beach Volleyball Circuit","text":"to the round of 16, then quarterfinals, semifinals and the final game, however, never has a stop has had 24 teams entered. After a stop, each federation is given a score based on its best team's final ranking. After all stops have ended, the federation with the most points is declared the champion. South American Beach Volleyball Circuit The South American Beach Volleyball Circuit is a unisex sport competition for national teams in the sport of beach volleyball. The championship is held annually by the CSV (the South American volleyball federation) since 2005. The circuit has used the same format","psg_id":"18032964"},{"title":"Beach volleyball","text":"In the 1960s, an attempt to start a professional volleyball league was made in Santa Monica. It failed, but a professional tournament was held in France for 30,000 French francs. In the 1950s, the first Brazilian beach volleyball tournament was held, sponsored by a newspaper publishing company. The first Manhattan Beach Open was held in 1960, a tournament which grew in prestige to become, in the eyes of some, the \"Wimbledon of Beach Volleyball\". In the meantime, beach volleyball gained popularity: in the 1960s The Beatles tried playing in Los Angeles and US president John F. Kennedy was seen attending","psg_id":"1738685"},{"title":"Volleyball variations","text":"play a style which is considered \"closed hand/fist\" play. The game can be played with up to nine participants per side (similar to Asian nine-man volleyball, but with variations to the game), or as little as five. There is no rotation in traditional volleyball, however, in certain East Indian and Southeast Asian communities, they do allow rotating as the rules tend to vary from team to team. The court can vary from 30' to 30' to as large as '35 by '35. In North America, some of the best traditional volleyball teams are centered in Eastern Canada. This includes Toronto","psg_id":"8975606"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina\",\n \"text\": \"representing Sweden in the Olympic Games of Rio 2016. Nina Grawender was born on October 15, 1987 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender are professional beach volleyball players from Sweden. They started playing together in February 2013 and by achieving good results on the European Tour and World Tour they were selected as Sweden's national team in September 2013. Karin and Nina are coached by Wesley Pinheiro, from Brazil. Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender's best results in 2013 are 9th place at the European Championships in Klagenfurt, Austria, and first place at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17716889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina\",\n \"text\": \"Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender are professional beach volleyball players from Sweden. They started playing together in February 2013 and by achieving good results on the European Tour and World Tour they were selected as Sweden's national team in September 2013. Karin and Nina are coached by Wesley Pinheiro, from Brazil. Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender's best results in 2013 are 9th place at the European Championships in Klagenfurt, Austria, and first place at the Nevza tournaments in Oslo and Gothenburg. Karin Lundqvist was born on October 5, 1981 in Stockholm, Sweden. She started\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17716887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"sport, and organizes the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships and the international professional beach volleyball circuit known as the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. Beach volleyball is a variant of indoor volleyball, which was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan. Beach volleyball most likely originated in 1915 on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii, at the Outrigger Canoe Club. According to a 1978 interview of an Outrigger Canoe Club member, George David \\\"Dad\\\" Center put a net up there, and the first recorded game of beach volleyball took place. In 1920, new jetties in Santa Monica, California created a large sandy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nestea Beach Volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"the tourney will have a conflict with the UAAP women's volleyball finals, the teams will send a Team B composed of those who not make it in the line-up of the UAAP team. The teams are composed of the champion teams in their respective collegiate beach volleyball leagues. In 2015, Fantasy Match, a side event of the competition was added in the line-up of the activities in the Nestea Beach tourney. For the 2016 edition, top volleyball players in the country will be played in the Fantasy Match on April 29–30, coinciding with the semifinals and finals of the intercollegiate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19400882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball variations\",\n \"text\": \"if the both balls simultaneously touch the hands of the players or land on their side of the court, the opposing team scores a point. The rest of the rules are similar to the basic version of pioneerball. There is also a variation of pioneerball for blind children. Volleyball variations Originated and popular in Kerala,India. A variation of the game rivaling the original sport of volleyball in popularity, beach volleyball evolved from the recreational games of volleyball played on many beaches around the world. It became an official Olympic sport in 1996. This version, rather than being played on indoor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8975631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"began testing rule changes to the court size and scoring system. The beach volleyball court dimension was reduced from the indoor court size of to , and the scoring system was changed from sideout scoring, wherein only the serving team can score a point, to rally scoring, wherein a point is scored on every serve. The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) adopted the FIVB's rule changes that same year, which upset many of the sport's purists at the time. The new rules were officially adopted by the FIVB in 2002. Beach volleyball is fundamentally similar to indoor volleyball. However, there\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"California, beach volleyball is strongly associated with a casual, beach-centric lifestyle. As it developed nearly in parallel with modern surfing, beach volleyball culture shares some similarities with surf culture. The beach bum archetype is one such example. Professional beach volleyball matches often have a \\\"party atmosphere\\\", with loud music, announcers and dancers in between points and during time-outs. Fashion often extends from the clothing worn during play, like the bikini or boardshorts. And much like surfers, beach volleyball players are at the mercy of the weather; patterns of play often develop based on weather conditions like sun and wind. Nudists\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach Volleyball Database\",\n \"text\": \"Beach Volleyball Database The Beach Volleyball Database is an online website that holds extensive information about international beach volleyball players, tournaments and history. News are frequently updated, and the site has results for continental and international tournaments. It is the only website of its kind in the sport of beach volleyball. The press operations officer for the AVP, Tim Simmons, has said that the Beach Volleyball Database has had a major impact on the sport. Information that is now easily accessible through the website, used to take time consuming research through different sources. Now professional athletes have a chance to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12268469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach Volleyball Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Beach Volleyball Republic Beach Volleyball Republic, Inc. (BVR) is an organization aimed for the development and growth of beach volleyball in the Philippines formed in June 2015. Co-founded by former Ateneo Lady Eagles volleybelles and current professional players Charo Soriano, Gretchen Ho, Fille Cainglet-Cayetano, Dzi Gervacio, Bea Tan and former Petron Blaze Spikers player Alexa Micek, BVR organized beach volleyball tournaments in different beaches and public places in the Philippines, grassroots development program for the young and aspiring players and the professional circuit tours thru the Beach Royals program under Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) beach volleyball consultant Eric Lecain including\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19218570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Summer Heat Beach Volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"were experiencing a period of renewed popularity for the first time in many years, although it received considerably less hype and critical praise than its contemporaries \\\"Beach Spikers\\\", \\\"Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball\\\", and \\\"Outlaw Volleyball\\\". It currently has a score of 68.09% on GameRankings and 65 out of 100 on Metacritic. The game was one of several poor-selling titles that would lead to Acclaim's bankruptcy in 2004. In 2006, Canadian game publisher Throwback Entertainment acquired the property rights for \\\"Summer Heat Beach Volleyball\\\" from Acclaim. Throwback had planned on developing another \\\"Summer Heat\\\" volleyball game for release on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6810525\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach Volleyball Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Division The Cebu leg is BVR's seventh this year and its the final stop before the 2017 BVR National Championships happening later in July. Participating teams Women's Men's Final standings (Women's) Final standings (Men's) The winners in Cagayan will be part of the Philippines national team pool for the ASEAN games. Participating teams Women's Men's Final round Women's Men's Beach Volleyball Republic Beach Volleyball Republic, Inc. (BVR) is an organization aimed for the development and growth of beach volleyball in the Philippines formed in June 2015. Co-founded by former Ateneo Lady Eagles volleybelles and current professional players Charo Soriano, Gretchen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19218579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"(overhand passes which accidentally cross over the net are an exception). These differences between the rules of indoor volleyball and beach volleyball strongly affect tactics and techniques. Beach volleyball players use hand signals to indicate to their partners the type of block they either intend to make (if they are the designated blocker) or that they want their partner to make (if they are the designated defender). Block signals are important so that both the blocker and defender know which area of the court is their responsibility to cover. Block signals are made behind the back to hide them from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738709\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Summer Heat Beach Volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"travel over the net no later than the third hit. The game supports up to four players, though the use of a multitap accessory is required for three and four player games. \\\"Summer Heat\\\" is styled similarly to other arcade-style volleyball games of the era, where there is an emphasis on the sex appeal of the bikini-clad female characters as well as having the overall tone and atmosphere of a summer beach party. \\\"Summer Heat's\\\" soundtrack features music from Pink, Sum 41, Kylie Minogue, Sprung Monkey, Freshmaka, and Suburban. The game was released during a period where volleyball video games\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6810524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach Volleyball Major Series\",\n \"text\": \"Beach Volleyball Major Series The Beach Volleyball Major Series (or Beach Major Series and formerly the Swatch Beach Volleyball Major Series) is an international series of beach volleyball tournaments which began in 2015. The tournaments consist of Tour Stops and form part of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. The series concludes with the FIVB World Tour Finals. Each tournament in the series has a prize pool of USD$300,000 per gender, except for the World Tour Finals which has a prize pool of USD$400,000 per gender. The Beach Volleyball Major Series arose out of a joint-venture between Austrian companies Red\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19575766\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach Volleyball Major Series\",\n \"text\": \"his debut courtside on the FIVB Tour at the Hamburg Major. Beach Volleyball Major Series The Beach Volleyball Major Series (or Beach Major Series and formerly the Swatch Beach Volleyball Major Series) is an international series of beach volleyball tournaments which began in 2015. The tournaments consist of Tour Stops and form part of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. The series concludes with the FIVB World Tour Finals. Each tournament in the series has a prize pool of USD$300,000 per gender, except for the World Tour Finals which has a prize pool of USD$400,000 per gender. The Beach Volleyball\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19575772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"popularity has spread to the rest of the world as well. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international governing body for the sport. The FIVB publishes the Official Beach Volleyball Rules every four years, as approved by the FIVB congress, which provides the framework for how beach volleyball is played internationally. Beach volleyball is played on a rectangular sand court. The court is long and wide, surrounded by a clear space, which is at least wide on all sides. The minimum height clearance for beach volleyball courts is . The sand should be as leveled as possible and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Volleyball (video game) \\\"Volleyball\\\" is a sports video game that follows the rules of volleyball. The player controls a team of six players, three at the net and three in back. The player serves the ball into play by pressing the same button twice. The game is a six player-a-side volleyball simulation. Players can select teams to compete in either a men's or women's competition from the following countries: United States, Japan, People's Republic of China, South Korea, Brazil, Soviet Union, Belgium, Cuba, Tunisia. \\\"Volleyball\\\" is based on an arcade game. \\\"Volleyball\\\" was developed by Pax Soft Nica and Nintendo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10738145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2016. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her third season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2015 season was the first as an official NCAA sport, the designation being coordinated with a name change from sand volleyball to beach volleyball. The season was also the Panthers first in the CCSA, finishing in second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19409993\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball The LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball team represents Louisiana State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Tigers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA), and play their home matches at the new on-campus LSU Beach Volleyball Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. They are currently led by head coach Russell Brock. The LSU Tigers beach volleyball team, originally known as the \\\"LSU Tigers sand volleyball team\\\", played its first season in 2014. The first coach of the Tigers was Fran Flory (2014–2016) who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20057269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"competition, amid concerns the uniform was inappropriate. In early 2012, the FIVB announced it would allow shorts (maximum length above the knee) and sleeved tops at the London 2012 Olympics. The federation spokesman said that \\\"many of these countries have religious and cultural requirements so the uniform needed to be more flexible\\\". And in fact, the weather was so cold for the evening games at London 2012 that the players sometimes had to wear shirts and leggings. Beach volleyball culture includes the people, language, fashion, and life surrounding the sport of modern beach volleyball. With its origins in Hawaii and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"were early adopters of the game. Records of regular games in clubs can be found as early as the 1920s. Given the outdoor nature of nudism/naturism, a beach version of volleyball was naturally adopted. By the 1960s, a volleyball court could be found in almost all nudist/naturist clubs. A large (over 70 teams) nude volleyball tournament has been held each fall since 1971 at White Thorn Lodge in western Pennsylvania, and several smaller tournaments occur each year throughout North America. The most common injuries in beach volleyball are knee, ankle and finger injuries. Pain due to overuse of the knee,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nestea Beach Volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"by 4 players) duel in a beach volleyball exhibition game. The tournament is organized by Volleyworks and sanctioned by the Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF), thru Executive Director Otie Camangian which served as the tournament director. In the 19th edition of the tourney, 10 teams will be competed in the men's divisions including the finals contenders University of Southern Philippines Foundation Panthers and the CSB Blazers, while in the distaff side, 12 teams will be participating in the three-day event, among them are the 2015 champions UST Golden Tigresses and first runner-up DLSU Lady Spikers. Tournament director Camangian stated that if\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19400881\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas of \\\"IGN\\\" said that \\\"Volleyball\\\" could be Nintendo's worst sports game, worse than even \\\"NES Soccer\\\". He said the controls were automatically frustrating. Volleyball (video game) \\\"Volleyball\\\" is a sports video game that follows the rules of volleyball. The player controls a team of six players, three at the net and three in back. The player serves the ball into play by pressing the same button twice. The game is a six player-a-side volleyball simulation. Players can select teams to compete in either a men's or women's competition from the following countries: United States, Japan, People's Republic of China,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10738147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) is the main domestic professional tour, organizing tournaments annually such as the Manhattan Beach Open. The AVP tour is not FIVB-approved and has had conflicts with the FIVB in the 1980s and 1990s over regulations and sponsorship, leading to an initial boycott of FIVB events by the top American players. In Germany, the Techniker Beach Tour, previously known as the Smart Beach Tour, is the top domestic tour and is FIVB-approved. It is the organized by the German Volleyball Association and each season ends with the German Beach Volleyball Championships. In Brazil, the FIVB-approved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour\",\n \"text\": \"2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2008 beach volleyball season. The 2008 AVP calendar comprises the Hot Winter Nights Tour, an indoor beach volleyball circuit, and the main AVP Crocs Tour. This is the complete schedule of events on the 2008 Hot Winter Nights calendar, with the players' final standings. Each event consisted of four invited men and women players competing in a one-night round-robin tournament in an indoor beach volleyball arena.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20651387\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"beach volleyball. The primary international governing body for beach volleyball is the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The regional governing bodies are: In the United States, USA Volleyball is the governing body for beach volleyball, as well as indoor and sitting volleyball. The FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour is the international professional tour for both men and women organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The inaugural tour was held in 1997, replacing the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Series that began in 1989 for men and 1992 for women. World Tour tournaments are ranked from 1 to 5 stars,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team\",\n \"text\": \"earning a spot as the 7th seed in the NCAA Tournament. 2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2017. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fourth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2016 season was the second as an official NCAA sport, and the first that the Panthers played in the CCSA, finishing in second place. The Panthers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20023653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2018. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fifth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and compete in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2017 season was the third as an official NCAA sport, and the second that the Panthers played in the CCSA. The Panthers finished with a 24-12 record, ranked 11th in the official NCAA sanctioned AVCA coaches poll.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20616521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2018 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2018. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fifth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and compete in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2017 season was the third as an official NCAA sport, and the second that the Panthers played in the CCSA. The Panthers finished with a 24-12 record, ranked 11th in the official NCAA sanctioned AVCA coaches poll.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20616520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team\",\n \"text\": \"place. The Panthers were ranked in the official top 10 during the entire season, earning a spot as the 7th seed in the NCAA Tournament. 2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2016 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2016. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her third season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2015 season was the first as an official NCAA sport, the designation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19409994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball team The 2017 Georgia State Panthers beach volleyball represented Georgia State University during the college beach volleyball season of 2017. The team's head coach was Beth Van Fleet in her fourth season at GSU. The Panthers played their home games at the GSU Beach Volleyball Complex and competed in the Division I Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. The 2016 season was the second as an official NCAA sport, and the first that the Panthers played in the CCSA, finishing in second place. The Panthers were ranked in the official top 10 during the entire season,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20023652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"compiled a record of 40–28 () at LSU. In 2017, Russell Brock became head beach volleyball coach at LSU. <small> Mango's Beach Volleyball Club is the home court and practice facility for the beach volleyball team. Mango's is a privately owned beach volleyball facility open to the public, located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The facility has 13 sand courts. LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball The LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball team represents Louisiana State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Tigers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20057270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour\",\n \"text\": \"Finals are the season-ending championships of the FIVB World Tour and features the top 10 teams per gender during the regular season. The tournament was first held in 2015. FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour The FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour (known between 2003 and 2012 as the \\\"FIVB Beach Volleyball Swatch World Tour\\\" for sponsorship reasons) is the worldwide professional beach volleyball tour for both men and women organized by the \\\"\\\" (FIVB). The World Tour was introduced for men in 1989 while the women first competed in 1992. Winning the World Tour is considered to be one of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12160564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"referee judges that a team has made a playing action that violates the rules. When a team commits a fault, the opposing team receives a point and gains the right to serve. If both teams commit a fault simultaneously, the point is replayed. Common faults include: In the 1990s, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball reduced the standard internal pressure for a beach volleyball ball from the indoor standard of 0.30–0.325 kgf/cm to 0.175–0.225 kgf/cm, and increased the standard circumference of the beach volleyball ball from the indoor standard of 65–67 cm to 66–68 cm. In the 2001 season, the FIVB\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"Alan Knipe, Brent Hilliard (NCAA Final Four MVP), Brett Winslow, Jason Stimpfig and Ray Ratelle (Asics/VB Mag. & AVCA C.O.Y.). No other 'BEACH' Men's VB Team has ever won as many games as this singular team; they were a combined 89% in their win-lost ratio. With co-MVP's Josh Tunaniga, JR-Setter AND TJ DeFalco, JR-Outside Hitter, eight thousand in the stands were treated to a thrilling five-setter match (in overtime) favoring the men of south L.A. county. Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball The Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball team is the NCAA Division I men's volleyball team for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14357392\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ateneo Lady Eagles Volleyball Team\",\n \"text\": \"they became the League's Runner-Up they have lost to their archrival DLSU. In the Awarding Ceremony, Alyssa Valdez claims her 3rd straight MVP Award, 4th straight Best Scorer award, and 3rd straight Best Server award. The Lady Eagles will try to reclaim their title on UAAP Season 79 many players will make a comeback like Michelle Morente, Maddie Madayag, Ana Gopico and Kat Tolentino as well. Coaching Staff Team Staff Medical Staff University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) UAAP Beach Volleyball National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Shakey's V-League International Ateneo Lady Eagles Volleyball Team The Ateneo Lady Blue Eagles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18910495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"volleyball\\\" in favor of the more usual \\\"beach volleyball.\\\" Beach volleyball is a men's and women's championship sport in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). In the NCAA, it is contested at both the high school and college level. The European Universities Beach Volleyball Championships are held annually as part of the European Universities Championships. The FIVB organizes the annual U19 and U21 World Championships. World Championships for the U17 and U23 age-groups were previously held as well. Teams are awarded FIVB ranking points at these Championships, but not prize money.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American Volleyball Coaches Association\",\n \"text\": \"that players were paired with different partners from other schools for every match, until the semi-final winners were determined. That year there was also a men's competition in the same format. In 2010 the NCAA categorized women's beach volleyball as an \\\"emerging sport.\\\" Beginning in the spring of 2012 the AVCA began sponsoring a national championship tournament for women's collegiate beach volleyball. The AVCA has separate brackets for teams and for individual pairs. The champions of the team tournaments are: The NCAA granted full sponsorship to beach volleyball in all three NCAA divisions, with the first NCAA championship being held\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10372219\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"and it consists of almost 100 professional players. IBVPA claims its goal is to help athletes and provide them with the means to enjoy playing volleyball by improving the way the sport is run. Another controversy within the sport is the issue of the inclusion of transgender players. With transgender athletes such as Tifanny Abreu joining professional volleyball teams alongside other non-transgender teammates, many professionals, sports analysts, and fans of volleyball are either expressing concerns about the legitimacy and fairness of having transgender players on a team or expressing support for the transgender people's efforts. There are many variations on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"446011\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Zhang Xi (beach volleyball)\",\n \"text\": \"Together with her partner Xue Chen, Zhang Xi in 2012 reached fourth place at the London Olympics. Zhang Xi (beach volleyball) Zhang Xi (born 19 April 1985 in Jiangsu) is a Chinese female beach volleyball player, measuring in height. She won the gold medal in the women's team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, partnering with comparator Xue Chen. Zhang Xi in 2002 and 2003 she played each game she was scheduled to play. In 2004, she moved on to start playing full-time in the Swatch FIVB World Tour. In 2006, she began to partner Xue Chen in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12199247\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Zhang Xi (beach volleyball)\",\n \"text\": \"Zhang Xi (beach volleyball) Zhang Xi (born 19 April 1985 in Jiangsu) is a Chinese female beach volleyball player, measuring in height. She won the gold medal in the women's team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, partnering with comparator Xue Chen. Zhang Xi in 2002 and 2003 she played each game she was scheduled to play. In 2004, she moved on to start playing full-time in the Swatch FIVB World Tour. In 2006, she began to partner Xue Chen in the SWATCH tournament season. After finishing the tournament she went back to study at the Physical Education\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12199245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"partner is showing the closed fist the blocker should block \\\"ball\\\" and open hand means that the blocker should \\\"pull-off\\\" the net. There are several basic skills competitive players need to master: serving, passing, setting, attacking, blocking, and digging. Serving is the act of putting the ball into play by striking it with the hand or arm from behind the rear court boundary. Serving can take the form of an underhand serve or an overhand serve, and examples include: float serve, jump-float serve, top-spin serve, jump serve, sky ball serve and reverse sky ball serve. As beach volleyball is usually\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball variations\",\n \"text\": \"absorb initial impact on the arms. Ideally this type of volleyball is used to introduce the game to first time players and adolescents, with a focus on control, fundamentals of the game and just having fun. The Soft Volleyball is commonly used in Japanese Elementary and Junior Highschools for the very purpose mentioned above. A usual game of Soft Volleyball has 4 people per side rather than 6. Biribol was the first aquatic variant of volleyball. It was invented in the 60's in Birigui, Brazil, and has moderate popularity in the country. Aquatic volleyball is a team sport similar to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8975619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball variations\",\n \"text\": \"the fundamentals of volleyball, Newcomb (occasionally referred to as \\\"Nuke 'em\\\") is generally taught to school-aged children but is also popular among adults of limited athletic ability. Its main differences from regular volleyball are that the ball can be caught before passing on to a team-mate or over the net, and each pass or serve is a throw rather than a hit. While most other volleyball rules apply, variations on the numbers of players per team and the numbers of 'catches' per side are common, and players holding the ball are sometimes allowed a limited number of steps. Newcomb (or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8975599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"the camera angles during the beach volleyball games. Twenty percent of the camera angles were focused on the chest area and seventeen percent of the angles were focused on the buttock area. The study concludes that this implies the look of the players is having a greater impact on fans than their actual athleticism. Some conservative cultures have expressed moral objections to the swimsuit as a uniform. At the 2007 South Pacific Games, rules were adjusted to require less revealing shorts and cropped sports tops. At the 2006 Asian Games, only one Muslim country fielded a team in the woman's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball The Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball team is the NCAA Division I men's volleyball team for the Long Beach State University. Alan Knipe is the current Head Coach of 14 years, though he's been with the program since 2001. <small> The volleyball team played in the Goldmine gymnasium at CSULB until 1994. Since November 30, 1994, the team has played at the Walter Pyramid. The 18-story tall complex has played host twice to the NCAA Men's Volleyball Championships (2001, 2003). Its infrastructure utilizes 18,000 steel tubes and connection modules. It cost approximately $22\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14357390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"an expansion the next year to three events. The California Pro Beach Tour debuted with events in Laguna Beach, Santa Barbara and the World Championship in Redondo. In following years the tour expanded nationally and was renamed the Pro Beach Volleyball Tour. It consisted of five events in California and tournaments in Florida, Colorado, and Chicago. By 1984, the Pro Beach consisted of 16 events around the country and had a total prize purse of US$300,000. At the end of the year, however, Event Concepts was forced out of the sport by a players' strike at the World Championship and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"the third hit. Similar to a pass, the ball can be set with either a forearm pass technique, known as a bump set, or an overhand pass technique, known as a hand set. Due to the stricter standards for ball rotation when hand setting in beach volleyball than in indoor volleyball, as well as the environmental factors that make it harder to hand set a ball \\\"cleanly\\\", the bump set is more common in the beach game. When hand setting, the player's hands must contact the ball simultaneously. If a referee determines that a double-hit has occurred, the point will\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738715\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball The Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball team represents Georgia State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Panthers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA). The Panthers play their home matches at the GSU Sand Volleyball Complex on the university's Atlanta campus, and are currently led by head coach Beth Van Fleet. With the emergence of football at Georgia State University, due to Title IX scholarship restrictions, it was necessary for GSU to increase the amount of women's scholarships available in their athletic program\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19018396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"H.O.P.E Beach Volleyball Charity\",\n \"text\": \"provides various activities for the players and their families free of cost. The event has live entertainment, vendors, and food. The event is highly publicized which helps to spread knowledge of the tournament as well. H.O.P.E Beach Volleyball Charity The H.O.P.E Beach Volleyball Charity Tournament is a philanthropic volleyball tournament that aims at earning money and gaining awareness on behalf of various charitable organizations. The first tournament took place in the summer of 1989. The tournament is completely nonprofit and is put together by unpaid volunteers. The program normally reaches out to smaller, local charitable organizations. The tournament is held\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14918024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship\",\n \"text\": \"the first round of a double-elimination style tournament to be played across a three-day span. Matches were won by the first team to win three-of-five sets. 2016 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship The 2016 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship was the first annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate beach volleyball in the United States. The tournament was played on the beaches of Gulf Shores, Alabama, hosted by the University of Alabama at Birmingham, from May 6–8, 2016. The American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) had previously sponsored a beach volleyball championship prior to the NCAA's sanctioning of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19498344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour\",\n \"text\": \"This is the complete schedule of events on the 2008 AVP Crocs Tour calendar, with team progression documented from the semifinals stage. All tournaments, with the exception of the Glendale Best of the Beach Invitational, consisted of single-elimination qualifying rounds followed by a double-elimination main draw. The Glendale Best of the Beach Invitational was a round-robin tournament. 2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2008 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2008 beach volleyball season. The 2008 AVP calendar comprises\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20651388\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup\",\n \"text\": \"2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup The 2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup (CBVC) is the qualification tournament for the beach volleyball tournament (for men and women) at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The CBVC will take place between 1 June 2010 and 24 June 2012, with a direct elimination competition format where the winning NOC/NF(s) moves on to the next phase. The competition will consist of three phases: Sub zone, Zone and Continental Final. The five winning NOCs/NFs (one per Continental Confederation territory (Asia/Oceania, North America, South America, Europe and Africa)) per gender will qualify. At the CBVC Final, NOCs/NFs which have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15185932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Association of Volleyball Professionals\",\n \"text\": \"prize purse of US$175,000$225,000. AVPNext was started in 2014 as a development competition series, serving as a pipeline for future AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour players. AVPNext tournaments enable players to earn AVP national ranking points which are required for qualification and seeding in the Pro Beach Volleyball Tour events. The highest-ranked AVPNext teams from each region at the end of the season also receive direct entry into the Manhattan Beach Open. AVPFirst was launched in 2015 as a non-profit youth development program aimed at increasing youth participation in the sport through beach volleyball clinics and events. The inaugural AVPFirst\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5949419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"PVF Beach Volleyball tournament\",\n \"text\": \"Light Women’s Beach Volleyball Challenge 3rd Leg) March 1, 2015 (Tanduay Light Women’s Beach Volleyball Challenge 4th Leg) July 19, 2015 (Tanduay PVF Beach Volleyball Invitational 1st Leg/Inauguration of the Indoor Beach Volleyball Sand Court) Men's Women's September 19, 2015 (PVF Beach Volleyball Invitational 2nd Leg) Men's Women's October 24, 2015 (PVF-Tanduay Beach Volleyball Invitational 3rd Leg) Men's Women's December 5, 2015 (Tanduay-Summit Invitational Beach Volleyball 4th Leg) Men's Women's PVF Beach Volleyball tournament The PVF-Cantada Beach Volleyball tournaments is a once-a-month-only beach volleyball (with no registration fees) invitational tournament for men's and women's organized by the Philippine Volleyball Federation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19037594\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"to sponsor it and provide a championship, as well as the addition of beach volleyball as an official CCSA sport (which led to that conference changing its name from the original Coastal Collegiate Swimming Association). This also coincided with the NCAA changing the name of the sport from \\\"sand\\\" to \\\"beach\\\" volleyball. Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball The Georgia State Panthers women's beach volleyball team represents Georgia State University in the sport of beach volleyball. The Panthers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association (CCSA). The Panthers play their home matches at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19018398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour\",\n \"text\": \"earned during the year. 2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2015 beach volleyball season. This is the complete schedule of events on the 2015 calendar, with team progression documented from the semifinals stage. All tournaments consisted of single-elimination qualifying rounds followed by a double-elimination main draw. The 2015 AVP Awards Banquet was held on October 28 in Newport Beach, California. The season's top performers were chosen based on statistics, player votes and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20649269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour\",\n \"text\": \"2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour The 2015 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour was a domestic professional beach volleyball circuit organized in the United States by the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) for the 2015 beach volleyball season. This is the complete schedule of events on the 2015 calendar, with team progression documented from the semifinals stage. All tournaments consisted of single-elimination qualifying rounds followed by a double-elimination main draw. The 2015 AVP Awards Banquet was held on October 28 in Newport Beach, California. The season's top performers were chosen based on statistics, player votes and AVP national ranking points\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20649268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South American Beach Volleyball Circuit\",\n \"text\": \"to the round of 16, then quarterfinals, semifinals and the final game, however, never has a stop has had 24 teams entered. After a stop, each federation is given a score based on its best team's final ranking. After all stops have ended, the federation with the most points is declared the champion. South American Beach Volleyball Circuit The South American Beach Volleyball Circuit is a unisex sport competition for national teams in the sport of beach volleyball. The championship is held annually by the CSV (the South American volleyball federation) since 2005. The circuit has used the same format\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18032964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beach volleyball\",\n \"text\": \"In the 1960s, an attempt to start a professional volleyball league was made in Santa Monica. It failed, but a professional tournament was held in France for 30,000 French francs. In the 1950s, the first Brazilian beach volleyball tournament was held, sponsored by a newspaper publishing company. The first Manhattan Beach Open was held in 1960, a tournament which grew in prestige to become, in the eyes of some, the \\\"Wimbledon of Beach Volleyball\\\". In the meantime, beach volleyball gained popularity: in the 1960s The Beatles tried playing in Los Angeles and US president John F. Kennedy was seen attending\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1738685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Volleyball variations\",\n \"text\": \"play a style which is considered \\\"closed hand/fist\\\" play. The game can be played with up to nine participants per side (similar to Asian nine-man volleyball, but with variations to the game), or as little as five. There is no rotation in traditional volleyball, however, in certain East Indian and Southeast Asian communities, they do allow rotating as the rules tend to vary from team to team. The court can vary from 30' to 30' to as large as '35 by '35. In North America, some of the best traditional volleyball teams are centered in Eastern Canada. This includes Toronto\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8975606\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["2","two"],"string":"[\n \"2\",\n \"two\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78597,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"by assets and market capitalization, what is the largest bank in the us?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Wells Fargo","text":"Wells Fargo Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the United States. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest bank in the US by total assets. Wells Fargo is ranked #26 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest US corporations by total revenue. In July 2015, Wells Fargo became the world's largest bank by market capitalization, edging past ICBC, before slipping behind JPMorgan Chase in September 2016, in the wake of a scandal involving the creation of over 2","psg_id":"11755641"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Wells Fargo\",\n \"text\": \"Wells Fargo Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the United States. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest bank in the US by total assets. Wells Fargo is ranked #26 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest US corporations by total revenue. In July 2015, Wells Fargo became the world's largest bank by market capitalization, edging past ICBC, before slipping behind JPMorgan Chase in September 2016, in the wake of a scandal involving the creation of over 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11755641\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Public Bank Berhad","text":"Public Bank Berhad Public Bank Berhad () is a bank based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia offering financial services in Malaysia as well as the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was founded in 1966 by Teh Hong Piow, the then general manager of Malayan Banking. The bank was listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange in 1967. Public Bank is currently one of the largest banks in Southeast Asia, with over RM 363.76 billion (US$91.26 billion) of assets and RM71.90 billion (US$18.04 billion) in market capitalization in 2015. Public Bank is the largest bank in Malaysia by shareholders' funds, second largest by market","psg_id":"4292826"},{"title":"Market capitalization","text":"US$40 trillion in September 2008. In 2014 and 2015, global market capitalization was US$68 trillion and US$67 trillion, respectively. Market cap is given by the formula formula_1, where \"MC\" is the market capitalization, \"N\" is the number of shares outstanding, and \"P\" is the closing price per share. For example, if some company has 4 million shares outstanding and the closing price per share is $20, its market cap is then $80 million. If the closing price per share rises to $21, the market cap becomes $84 million. If it drops to $19 per share, the market cap falls to","psg_id":"694840"},{"title":"Market capitalization","text":"Market capitalization Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares. Market capitalization is equal to the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. As outstanding stock is bought and sold in public markets, capitalization could be used as an indicator of public opinion of a company's net worth and is a determining factor in some forms of stock valuation. Market capitalization is used by the investment community in ranking the size of companies, as opposed to sales or total asset figures. It is also used in ranking the relative size of","psg_id":"694838"},{"title":"Market capitalization","text":"value (EV) has been used. Market capitalization Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares. Market capitalization is equal to the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. As outstanding stock is bought and sold in public markets, capitalization could be used as an indicator of public opinion of a company's net worth and is a determining factor in some forms of stock valuation. Market capitalization is used by the investment community in ranking the size of companies, as opposed to sales or total asset figures. It is also used in","psg_id":"694843"},{"title":"Market capitalization","text":"stock exchanges, being a measure of the sum of the market capitalizations of all companies listed on each stock exchange. (See List of stock exchanges.) In performing such rankings, the market capitalizations are calculated at some significant date, such as June 30 or December 31. The total capitalization of stock markets or economic regions may be compared with other economic indicators. The total market capitalization of all publicly traded companies in the world was US$51.2 trillion in January 2007 and rose as high as US$57.5 trillion in May 2008 before dropping below US$50 trillion in August 2008 and slightly above","psg_id":"694839"},{"title":"LaSalle Bank","text":"Michigan. The investment banking arm was purchased by the third largest bank in Canada by deposits and market capitalization. LaSalle sponsored a number of events in its Chicago home. Many of these events will now be re-branded with Bank of America's name. LaSalle Bank LaSalle Bank Corporation was the holding company for LaSalle Bank N.A. and LaSalle Bank Midwest N.A. (formerly Standard Federal Bank). With US$116 billion in assets, it was headquartered at 135 South LaSalle Street in Chicago, Illinois. LaSalle Bank Corporation was formerly an indirect subsidiary of Netherlands-based ABN AMRO Bank N.V., one of the world's largest banks,","psg_id":"5855948"},{"title":"Bank of the Philippine Islands","text":"Bank of the Philippine Islands Bank of the Philippine Islands (, , commonly known as BPI; ) is a universal bank in the Philippines. It is the first bank in both the Philippines and Southeast Asia. It is the third largest bank in terms of assets, the second largest bank in terms of market capitalization, and one of the most profitable banks in the Philippines. The bank has a network of over 900 branches in the Philippines, Hong Kong and Europe, and more than 3,000 ATMs and CDMs (cash deposit machines). BPI was founded during the Spanish Colonial Era of","psg_id":"5336344"},{"title":"Royal Bank of Canada","text":"Bank and the focus is on middle market clients. In 2011, RBC was the largest Canadian company by revenue and market capitalization. and was ranked at No. 50 in the 2013 Forbes Global 2000 listing. The company has operations in Canada, and 40 other countries and had US$673.2 billion of assets under management in 2014. In 1864, the Merchants Bank of Halifax was founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as a commercial bank that financed the fishing and timber industries and the European and Caribbean import/export businesses. By 1869 the Merchants' Bank was officially incorporated and received its federal charter in","psg_id":"3022868"},{"title":"Bank Negara Indonesia","text":"Bank Negara Indonesia PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk or Bank Negara Indonesia (literally means Indonesian State Bank), is an Indonesian state-owned bank. It has branches primarily in Indonesia, but it can also found in Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, London and New York. It had 1000 branches and over 9 million customers in 2006. It is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as \"BBNI\". Its market capitalization as of 12 March 2007 was 23.8 trillion rupiah (approximately US$2.6 billion). It is the fourth-largest bank of Indonesia in terms of assets Bank Negara Indonesia was established on 5 July 1946.","psg_id":"10003383"},{"title":"Toronto–Dominion Bank","text":"Toronto–Dominion Bank The Toronto–Dominion Bank () is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Commonly known as TD and operating as TD Bank Group (), the bank was created on February 1, 1955 through the merger of the Bank of Toronto and The Dominion Bank, which were founded in 1855 and 1869, respectively. In 2017 according to Standard & Poor's, TD Bank Group was the largest bank in Canada by total assets, second largest by market capitalization, a top-10 bank in North America, and was the 26th largest bank in the world. The bank and","psg_id":"2138902"},{"title":"World's largest airlines","text":"billion), and assets billion ( billion) with 56,725 employees. The IATA reports numbers for individual air operator's certificates and groups of multiple airlines can report larger numbers. \"Airline holding groups\" \"Individual airlines\" World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by","psg_id":"4407062"},{"title":"HDFC Bank","text":"share of HDFC Bank. HDFC Bank HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 88,253 permanent employees as on 31 March 2018 and has a presence in Bahrain, Hong Kong and Dubai. HDFC Bank is India’s largest private sector lender by assets. It is the largest bank in India by market capitalization as of February 2016. It was ranked 69th in 2016 BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brands. In 1994 HDFC Bank was incorporated, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. Its first corporate office and a full service branch","psg_id":"8629431"},{"title":"Intesa Sanpaolo","text":"Intesa Sanpaolo Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. is an Italian banking group resulting from the merger of Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI based in Torre Intesa Sanpaolo, Turin, Italy. In 2014 it was the largest banking group in Italy by market capitalization, and second by total assets. The bank has also experienced growth in the international market, focused in Central-Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. When it was formed in 2007 it overtook Unicredit Group as the largest bank in Italy with 13 million customers and US$690 billion worth of assets. By 2010 its assets had grown to US$877.66 billion,","psg_id":"9700645"},{"title":"HDFC Bank","text":"HDFC Bank HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 88,253 permanent employees as on 31 March 2018 and has a presence in Bahrain, Hong Kong and Dubai. HDFC Bank is India’s largest private sector lender by assets. It is the largest bank in India by market capitalization as of February 2016. It was ranked 69th in 2016 BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brands. In 1994 HDFC Bank was incorporated, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. Its first corporate office and a full service branch at Sandoz House, Worli","psg_id":"8629428"},{"title":"Alpha Bank","text":"Alpha Bank Alpha Bank is the second largest Greek bank by total assets, and the largest by market capitalization of €2.13 billion (as of December 4, 2018). It has a subsidiary and branch in London England, and branches and subsidiaries throughout Southeastern Europe. Founded in 1879, it has been controlled by the Costopoulos family since its inception. Currently Ioannis Costopoulos, grandson of original founder John F. Costopoulos, and nephew of Stavros Costopoulos, foreign minister in the government of Georgios Papandreou, is the honorary chairman. On January 16, 2015, Alpha Bank requested Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) from the Bank of Greece.","psg_id":"2762292"},{"title":"Piraeus Bank","text":"Piraeus Bank Piraeus Bank A.E. (), is a Greek multinational financial services company with its headquarters in Athens, Greece. , it is the leading bank in Greece, by assets with a 30% market share in net loans (44.7 Billion Euro) and second in liabilities, 29% in deposits (42.9 Billion Euro). Piraeus Bank's stocks are listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX) since January 1918. Its market capitalization on October 2017 is 410 million Euro making it the fourth largest by that measure. In March 2017, Piraeus Bank announced that has appointed Mr. Christos Megalou as the new Chief Executive Officer","psg_id":"3258739"},{"title":"Alpha Bank","text":"the number of securities listed is 12769059858 (around 12.7 billion). The stock is one of the 25 stocks in the FTSE/Athex Large Cap index (August 11, 2015). Alpha Bank Alpha Bank is the second largest Greek bank by total assets, and the largest by market capitalization of €2.13 billion (as of December 4, 2018). It has a subsidiary and branch in London England, and branches and subsidiaries throughout Southeastern Europe. Founded in 1879, it has been controlled by the Costopoulos family since its inception. Currently Ioannis Costopoulos, grandson of original founder John F. Costopoulos, and nephew of Stavros Costopoulos, foreign","psg_id":"2762302"},{"title":"Bank of Montreal","text":"Bank of Montreal The Bank of Montreal, doing business as BMO Financial Group, is a Canadian multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Montreal, Canada. One of the Big Five banks in Canada, it is the fourth-largest bank in Canada by market capitalization and assets, as well as one of the ten largest banks in North America. It is commonly known by its acronym BMO (pronounced ), which is also its stock symbol on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. On June 23, 1817, John Richardson and eight merchants signed the Articles of","psg_id":"2129440"},{"title":"China Construction Bank","text":"China Construction Bank China Construction Bank Corporation (CCB) is one of the \"big four\" banks in the People's Republic of China. In 2015 CCB was the 2nd largest bank in the world by market capitalization and 6th largest company in the world. The bank has approximately 13,629 domestic branches. In addition, it maintains overseas branches in Barcelona, Frankfurt, Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, New York City, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Sydney and Auckland, and a wholly owned subsidiary in London. Its total assets reached CN¥ 8.7 trillion in 2009. Its headquarters is in Xicheng District, Beijing. CCB was founded","psg_id":"2183746"},{"title":"Kaupthing Bank","text":"Luxembourg, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was seventh largest bank in the Nordic countries in terms of market capitalization. The bank had employed over 3,300 people with 36 retail branches in Iceland. As of 31 December 2007, the bank had a total assets of €58.3 billion. In 2006, it ranked number 1,006 on Forbes Global 2000 The same year, it ranked number 177 (up by 34 places from 2005) on the list of the world's largest banks composed annually by the international finance magazine \"The Banker\". That year Kaupthing Bank had net earnings of €812 million,","psg_id":"3297193"},{"title":"AU Small Finance Bank","text":"AU Small Finance Bank AU Small Finance Bank is an Indian commercial bank that was founded as vehicle finance company Au Financiers (India) Ltd in 1996 and converted to a small finance bank on 19 April 2017. It ranked 469 in the Fortune India 500 (2017) companies, with annual revenue of ₹2,041.82 crores (US$ million) and assets of ₹9,186.28 crores (US$ billion). Its full market capitalization at FY18 was ₹17,655 crores (US$ billion). The company was founded by Sanjay Agarwal (managing director and CEO of AU Small Finance Bank) as a private limited company, and publicly listed in an IPO","psg_id":"20448986"},{"title":"Bank SinoPac","text":"is unique in its foresight in building on-the-ground business in the US and China. Far East National Bank, a wholly owned California chartered bank was acquired in 1997; SinoFirst, located in Shanghai, China, was acquired in late 1990s. SinoPac's total assets stood at about US$40 billion. Its stock is traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Bank SinoPac is a subsidiary of SinoPac Financial Holdings which has a market capitalization of around $3.4 billion USD. Bank SinoPac Bank SinoPac, or SinoPac Financial Holdings Company Ltd ()(), is a Taiwan-based banking holding company which operates through 18 divisions and 129 branches in","psg_id":"7581472"},{"title":"World's largest airlines","text":"World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by number of destinations served. Note that Emirates is a government-owned company and is thus not included in this list of public companies. Its 2014-2015 revenue was billion ( billion), profit billion (","psg_id":"4407061"},{"title":"First Market Bank","text":"agreed to be acquired by Bowling Green, Virginia based Union Bankshares in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $105.4 million. The merger was complete on February 1, 2010, and on March 22, the branches reopened as Union First Market Bank. The new company became the largest community bank in Virginia, and moved its headquarters to Richmond. This transaction paralleled the sale of the assets of Ukrop’s Super Markets to Giant Food Stores of Carlisle, PA on February 8, 2010. First Market Bank First Market Bank was a federal savings bank founded and headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. It offered a full","psg_id":"6205614"},{"title":"Thai Chinese","text":"Asia Controlled by Overseas Chinese in 1994\" chart released by Singaporean Geographer Dr. Henry Yeung of the National University of Singapore, 39 companies were concentrated in Thailand with a market capitalization of US$35 billion and total assets of US$94 billion. In Thailand, ethnic Chinese control the nations four largest private banks (Bangkok Bank, Thai Farmers Bank, Bank of Ahudya, and Bangkok Commercial Bank), of which Bangkok Bank is the largest and most profitable private bank in addition to the Thai royal household being dependent on Chinese private equity capital and business expertise from these banks to fund and create more","psg_id":"4225212"},{"title":"Bank Mandiri","text":"Bank Mandiri PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk or Bank Mandiri, headquartered in Jakarta, is the largest bank in Indonesia in terms of assets, loans and deposits. Total assets as of Q3 2012 were IDR 588.4 trillion (around US$59.8 billion). It also had a Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) of 16.08% (including market risk), Return on Asset (RoA) of 3.45%, and Return on Equity (RoE) of 22.18%. As of September 2012, Bank Mandiri was the largest bank in Indonesia by total assets. As of September 2012, the bank had 1,733 branches spread across three different time zones in Indonesia and six branches","psg_id":"3222727"},{"title":"Webster Bank","text":"billion in assets (2015) and a market capitalization of over $3 billion. Its network includes over 177 branches and 316 ATMs located in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Westchester County, New York. Webster Bank Webster Bank is a US commercial bank based in Waterbury, Connecticut. It has 177 branches and 316 ATMs located in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Westchester County, New York. Webster was founded in 1935 by Harold Webster Smith as the \"First Federal Savings of Waterbury\" in Connecticut. Only 24 years old, Smith borrowed from family and friends to found the lending institution providing home loans to","psg_id":"7815534"},{"title":"MUFG Bank","text":"was completed in 2002 and the new bank was officially named . UFJ was headquartered in Nagoya, the historical headquarters of Tokai Bank. During its short life, it was plagued by bad debt problems and by infighting between the employees of its predecessor companies. The holding companies of BTM and UFJ agreed to merge in 2005, forming Japan's largest bank by assets and market capitalization. This led to litigation between BTM and Sumitomo Trust & Banking Co., which had previously agreed to an alliance with UFJ under which it would take over UFJ's trust banking operations. BTM and UFJ settled","psg_id":"6147158"},{"title":"Wells Fargo","text":"also the head of the Wells Fargo wealth management division, due to his sexist statements regarding female employees. The female workers claimed that he called them \"girls\" and said that they \"should be at home taking care of their children.\" Wells Fargo Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the United States. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest bank in the US by total assets. Wells Fargo is ranked #26 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest US","psg_id":"11755685"},{"title":"Banco Santander","text":"index. In May 2016, Santander was ranked as 37th in the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's biggest public companies. Santander is Spain’s largest bank. In September 2018 it was announced that incumbent chief executive José Antonio Alvarez would be succeeded by Andrea Orcel in early 2019. As of 2017, Santander is the 5th largest bank in Europe with approximately US$1.4 trillion in total assets-under-management (AUM). Traded on the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, the bank has a total market capitalization of $69.9 billion. Banco Santander was founded in 1857. In 1999 it merged with Banco Central Hispano,","psg_id":"5975999"},{"title":"ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index","text":"is worth on the stock market. The Unweighted Index calculates an index value based on the price alone. Both the weighted and unweighted indices use the same list of stocks. The constituents of the ASE indices are evaluated each year. The 70 stocks listed here are the 2007 version of the index. They are categorized by sector: banking sector, insurance sector, service sector and industrial sector. The lists are alphabetized by stock symbol. ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index The ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index is a stock index of the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. The ASE Weighted Index is","psg_id":"10070677"},{"title":"Central Carolina Bank and Trust","text":"the operational headquarters. NCBC chairman and chief executive officer Thomas M. Garrott would become chairman, while CCB chairman and CEO Ernest L. Roessler would become CEO of the new company. The combination would give NCBC \"market capitalization of about $4.2 billion, combined assets of $15 billion, deposits of $11.3 billion and 370 branches in eight states\". NCBC had $7.3 billion in assets and 162 National Bank of Commerce (NBC) branches in Tennessee, Georgia, Mississippi, Virginia, West Virginia, Arkansas and North Carolina. The company was also buying Hillsborough Savings Bank, with 3 branches and $150 million in assets. Many of the","psg_id":"14908756"},{"title":"BMO Harris Bank","text":"billion. Marshall & Ilsley and Harris Bankcorp were both rebranded as BMO Harris. The company restructured as BMO Bankcorp July 5, 2011. In December 2015, the company completed its acquisition of General Electric Capital Corp.'s transportation finance business. BMO Harris Bank N.A. is the 16th largest (by total assets) commercial bank in the US (not including total assets from parent company). BMO Harris Bank is one of the largest banks in the Midwest with over 600 branches and approximately 1,300 ATMs in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Arizona and Florida. It is the second-largest Chicago-area bank based on market","psg_id":"5763571"},{"title":"Piraeus Bank","text":"2018, Piraeus Bank completed the sale of Piraeus Bank Romania to J.C. Flowers & Co. following the receipt of the necessary regulatory approvals by the National Bank of Romania. Piraeus Bank Piraeus Bank A.E. (), is a Greek multinational financial services company with its headquarters in Athens, Greece. , it is the leading bank in Greece, by assets with a 30% market share in net loans (44.7 Billion Euro) and second in liabilities, 29% in deposits (42.9 Billion Euro). Piraeus Bank's stocks are listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX) since January 1918. Its market capitalization on October 2017 is","psg_id":"3258751"},{"title":"Largest gold companies","text":"value and total reserves and resources for each company as well as the price of gold into consideration. The figures for each company can be used to determine the value the stock market gives to each company's reserves on an ounce to ounce basis. If the calculation is to exclude financial assets the enterprise value is used instead of market capitalization. EVO = Enterprise Value/Ounce (gold equivalent) = Enterprise Value divided by resources. The enterprise value is the difference between a company's market capitalization (product of the number of company shares and listed stock price) and its cash, investments less","psg_id":"13789119"},{"title":"ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index","text":"ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index The ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index is a stock index of the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. The ASE Weighted Index is one of two principal stock indices on the exchange, the other being the ASE Unweighted Price Index. The ASE Unweighted Index was created in 1980 and was very successful. The ASE went on to create a weighted index in 1992. The weighted index, whose constituents are listed below, attaches a value to each stock price based on the total market capitalisation of each stock; that is, the total amount of money the stock","psg_id":"10070676"},{"title":"Kotak Mahindra Bank","text":"(as of 31 March 2017). In 2018, it is the second largest private bank in India by market capitalization after HDFC Bank. In 1985 Uday Kotak established what became an Indian financial services conglomerate. In February 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd. (KMFL), the Group's flagship company, received a banking licence from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). With this, KMFL became the first non-banking finance company in India to be converted into a bank – Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited (Kmb)ltd. In a study by Brand Finance Banking 500, published in February 2014 by \"Banker\" magazine (from \"The Financial Times\" stable),","psg_id":"6759796"},{"title":"TrustCo Bank","text":"A. McCormick was President and Chief Operation Officer of the Bank. Total assets were $301.4 million, net income was $2.9 million and market capitalization was $17 million. Trustco acquired Home & City Savings Bank and a three-story expansion of the Erie Boulevard Trust Operations Building in 1991. In May 1992, Trustco Bank sponsored and hosted a Block party on Erie Boulevard to celebrate the 90th Anniversary of the Bank and its $2.1 billion in assets by the end of 1995. The nineties also saw new Branch openings in Glens Falls, Queensbury, Wilton Mall and Clifton Park—which along with the former","psg_id":"8902341"},{"title":"Capitalization rate","text":"by algebraic manipulation of the formula below: For example, in valuing the projected sale price of an apartment building that produces a net operating income of $10,000, if we set a projected capitalization rate at 7%, then the asset value (or price we would pay to own it) is $142,857 (142,857 = 10,000 / .07). This is often referred to as direct capitalization, and is commonly used for valuing income generating property in a real estate appraisal. One advantage of capitalization rate valuation is that it is separate from a \"market-comparables\" approach to an appraisal (which compares 3 valuations: what","psg_id":"6222769"},{"title":"Stock market index","text":"investors believe that they can get a better result because other investors are not very good. The capital asset pricing model says that \"all\" investors are highly intelligent, and it is impossible to do better than the market portfolio, the capitalization-weighted portfolio of all assets. However, empirical tests conclude that market indices are not efficient. This can be explained by the fact that these indices do not include all assets or by the fact that the theory does not hold. The practical conclusion is that using capitalization-weighted portfolios is not necessarily the optimal method. As a consequence, capitalization-weighting has been","psg_id":"13518953"},{"title":"Itaú Unibanco","text":"Itaú Unibanco Itaú Unibanco is a Brazilian publicly quoted bank with headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil. The bank is the result of the merger of Banco Itaú and Unibanco, which occurred on November 4, 2008 to form Itaú Unibanco Holding S.A, the largest financial conglomerate in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the 10th largest bank in the world by market value. The bank its listed at the B3 in São Paulo and in NYSE in New York. It currently is the biggest Latin American bank by assets and market capitalization. Itaú Unibanco owns Rede, the second largest Brazilian card payment","psg_id":"4294448"},{"title":"Philtrust Bank","text":"Philtrust Bank Philtrust Bank, formally known as the Philippine Trust Company is one of the oldest private universal banks in the Philippines. Founded on October 16, 1916, its history parallels the growth of the Philippine banking system. It is the third bank to be established in the Philippines, after Bank of the Philippine Islands and Philippine National Bank. The bank is one of the businesses owned by Chinese-Filipino businessman, Emilio Yap. As of December 16, 2010, Philtrust Bank has a total market capitalization of P40.6 billion and share price of P70.00. As of March 31, 2012, it has Total Assets","psg_id":"11188244"},{"title":"Transparency (market)","text":"Bridge seek to allow traders to trade with transparency and the ability to verify that each trade makes it to the market. (The company uses the bridge to connect traders to the world's largest ECN, Dukascopy Bank SA, by using MetaTrader 4 platform.) Forex markets are now also a target for new blockchain innovations, which would allow trading outside of centralized exchanges or change the way these exchanges operate. Transparency (market) In economics, a market is transparent if much is known by many about: What products and services or capital assets are available, market depth (quantity available), what price, and","psg_id":"2240039"},{"title":"Largest gold companies","text":"Largest gold companies There are different methods by which are ranked. One is by their annual production. Another is by their cash cost per ounce, that is, how much money it costs them to mine the gold. Since gold prices are the same everywhere, companies with lower costs per ounce make more profit. The most common method lists by market capitalization which considers the total value of capital holdings by that company. Also considered when comparing companies is their market capitalization per ounce of gold equivalent (sometimes abbreviated MV-GEO, EVO if the enterprise value is used) which takes the market","psg_id":"13789118"},{"title":"Centura Bank","text":"required some the sale of some branches. Unity Bank and Trust, started in 1989, bought eleven branches, giving the bank a total of twelve, and assets of $133 million. In 1990, Centura had $178 million in market capitalization. This increased to $1.1 billion by 1997 when Mauldin retired. The bank had $6.3 billion in assets. Futrell remained on the board of directors, and Mauldin became Centura chairman in 1993. Cecil Sewell Jr., Peoples Bancorp president starting in 1989 and later Centura's president, succeeded Mauldin as chairman in 1997. Centura used the former Planters headquarters, while the Poyner & Spruill law","psg_id":"15829338"},{"title":"National Bank of Commerce (Memphis)","text":"Roessler would become CEO of the new company. The combination would give NCBC \"market capitalization of about $4.2 billion, combined assets of $15 billion, deposits of $11.3 billion and 370 branches in eight states\". Wachovia Securities vice president John B. Moore pointed out that NCBC \"is the first major out-of-state bank to come into North Carolina, which is a highly competitive, very concentrated market.\" Unlike CCB, which grew by buying other banks, NBC added new markets, with a strategy of one free-standing branch for every three in-store locations. NCBC had $7.3 billion in assets and 162 National Bank of Commerce","psg_id":"14917475"},{"title":"Industrial and Commercial Bank of China","text":"Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (abb. ICBC) is a Chinese multinational banking company. It is the largest bank in China, and the largest bank in the world by total assets, deposits, loans, number of customers and number of employees. It is one of China's \"Big Four\" state-owned commercial banks (the other three being the Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank). It was founded as a limited company on January 1, 1984. As of December 2017, it had assets worth US$4.009 trillion. Generally considered the largest financial institution","psg_id":"3781251"},{"title":"Itaú Unibanco","text":"was activated on April 4, 2018. Itaú Unibanco Itaú Unibanco is a Brazilian publicly quoted bank with headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil. The bank is the result of the merger of Banco Itaú and Unibanco, which occurred on November 4, 2008 to form Itaú Unibanco Holding S.A, the largest financial conglomerate in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the 10th largest bank in the world by market value. The bank its listed at the B3 in São Paulo and in NYSE in New York. It currently is the biggest Latin American bank by assets and market capitalization. Itaú Unibanco owns Rede,","psg_id":"4294452"},{"title":"Impact investing","text":"driven by the goals—or whims—of the corresponding donors. Currently impact investing is still only a small market when compared to the global equity market, estimated at US$61 trillion (market capitalization of domestic listed companies) by the World Bank in 2015. Impact investors managed USD 114 billion in impact investing assets, a figure that serves as a best-available 'floor' for the size of the impact investing market, according to GIIN's 2017 \"Annual Impact Investor Survey\". The largest sectors by asset allocation were microfinance, energy, housing, and financial services. Many development finance institutions, such as the British Commonwealth Development Corporation or Norwegian","psg_id":"13553093"},{"title":"Liberty Bank (Georgia)","text":"bank was renamed Liberty Bank. In 2017, Liberty Bank announced a change of control, whereby European Financial Group B.V. , a company established and organised under the laws of the Kingdom of Netherlands, purchased 74.64% of equity interest in the Bank. The ultimate beneficial owners of the Bank are Irakli Rukhadze (US Citizen), Ben Marson (UK citizen) and Igor Alexeev (US Citizen). Liberty Bank (Georgia) The Liberty Bank (, \"libert'i banki\"), formerly the People's Bank of Georgia (, \"sak'art'velos sakhalkho banki\") is private bank in Georgia, the seventh largest in the country by total assets with 3.4% market share. It","psg_id":"13840046"},{"title":"Emerging market","text":"USD-denominated emerging markets sovereign bonds and uses a traditional, market capitalization weighted method for country allocation. As of March end 2016, the EMBI Global's market capitalization was $692.3bn. For country inclusion, a country’s GNI per capita must be below the Index Income Ceiling (IIC) for three consecutive years to be eligible for inclusion to the EMBI Global. J.P. Morgan defines the Index Income Ceiling (IIC) as the GNI per capita level that is adjusted every year by the growth rate of the World GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$), provided by the World Bank annually. An existing country may","psg_id":"4323190"},{"title":"Largest gold companies","text":"fiscal year period. Source: May 6, 2015: The Global 2000 Largest gold companies There are different methods by which are ranked. One is by their annual production. Another is by their cash cost per ounce, that is, how much money it costs them to mine the gold. Since gold prices are the same everywhere, companies with lower costs per ounce make more profit. The most common method lists by market capitalization which considers the total value of capital holdings by that company. Also considered when comparing companies is their market capitalization per ounce of gold equivalent (sometimes abbreviated MV-GEO, EVO","psg_id":"13789129"},{"title":"Jaime Gilinski Bacal","text":"investors co-invested with Gilinski. Later, the family sold control of the bank to Banco Industrial Colombiano, and its controlling stakeholder Sindicato Antioqueño, in a deal valued at $800 million, among Colombia's largest deals. Gilinski received $418 million for its stake and retained a minority position in the new bank as part of the deal. As of 2018, Bancolombia was the largest in Colombia with a market capitalization of $11 billion on the NYSE. In 2003, Gilinski acquired and subsequently merged Banco Sudameris and Banco Tequendema. This merger created GNB Sudameris, a bank with assets of over US $10 billion that","psg_id":"13432917"},{"title":"Banco de Oro","text":"Banco de Oro Banco de Oro (BDO), legally known as BDO Unibank, Inc., is a Philippine banking company based in Makati. In terms of total assets, the firm is the largest bank in the Philippines, fifteenth largest in Southeast Asia, 116th largest in Asia, and the 234th largest bank globally as of March 31, 2016. BDO Unibank is also a member of SM Group owned by Henry Sy. It is also the largest bank in the country by market capitalization. The firm is a full-service universal bank. It provides products and services to the retail and corporate markets including lending","psg_id":"5374585"},{"title":"State Bank of Mauritius","text":"State Bank of Mauritius State Bank of Mauritius (SBM), is a bank in Mauritius. It is licensed as a commercial bank by the Bank of Mauritius, the national banking regulator. SBM is the second-largest bank in Mauritius with a market share of about 25% of domestic banking assets. , its total asset valuation was approximately US$3.34 billion (MUR:95.7 billion), with shareholders' equity of about US$557.1 million (MUR:16 billion). SBM, together with its subsidiary businesses in Kenya, Mauritius, Madagascar and India, is known as \"SBM Group\". The stock of the group is listed on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius and is","psg_id":"7898887"},{"title":"Bank of America","text":"to numerous lawsuits and investigations regarding both mortgages and financial disclosures dating back to the 2008 financial crisis. Its corporate practices of servicing the middle class and wider banking community has yielded a substantial market share since the early 20th century. , Bank of America has a $313.5 billion market capitalization, making it the 13th largest company in the world. As the sixth largest American public company, it garnered $102.98 billion in sales . Bank of America was ranked #24 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Bank of America was named","psg_id":"2228763"},{"title":"Société Générale","text":"Société Générale Société Générale S.A. (), often nicknamed \"SocGen\" (), is a French multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Paris, France. The company is a universal bank and has divisions supporting French Networks, Global Transaction Banking, International Retail Banking, Financial Services, Corporate and Investment Banking, Private Banking, Asset Management and Securities Services. Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets, sixth largest in Europe or seventeenth by market capitalization. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It is known as one of the \"Trois Vieilles\" (\"Old Three\") of French","psg_id":"11480769"},{"title":"Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires","text":"the 1980s, after the last dictatorship's economic policies saddled the economy with a lasting foreign debt crisis and malaise. Two of its former directors, Aldo Ferrer and Martín Lousteau, have also served as the nation's Ministers of the Economy. The bank today operates 342 branches and is Argentina's second-largest by deposits (holding US$10 billion, or, 8% of the total) and total assets, and the sixth-largest in lending with a US$5 billion loan portfolio (a 6% share). Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires The Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires () is a publicly owned Argentine bank and the","psg_id":"13033023"},{"title":"Piraeus Bank","text":"people, while the entire branch network numbers 564 units, with a presence in Greece. Piraeus Bank is in 2018 the leading Bank in Greece, in terms of assets, with 30% market share in terms of loans and second in liabilities with a 29% in terms of deposits. In terms of total assets, it is the largest bank but in term of market capitalisation it is the third largest after Alpha Bank and National Bank of Greece. Along with its organic growth during the decades of 1990 and 2000, Piraeus Bank made a series of strategic moves aiming to establish a","psg_id":"3258741"},{"title":"TrustCo Bank","text":"Home & City offices brought the total Branch locations to 53 throughout the Capital Region by the end of the decade. At the end of 1992, Robert A. McCormick was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Bank, total assets were $1.9 billion, net income was $17.5 million and market capitalization was $222 million. In July 2000 Trustco acquired a Savings Bank Charter and subsequently acquired Landmark Financial Corp. and its subsidiary, Landmark Community Bank, which was completed on July 28, 2000. Further expansion was made possible by an accompanying federal thrift charter. The Trustco Bank corporate headquarters relocated to","psg_id":"8902342"},{"title":"Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe","text":"shareholders' equity. In late August 2018, the Government of Zimbabwe increased the shareholding and capitalization of the bank by US$150 million, increasing the bank's total assets to over US$330 million and shareholding to over US$200 million. As of September 2018, IDBZ's board of directors consisted of: As of September 2018, IDBZ's management team was: Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe The Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ) is a government-owned development bank in Zimbabwe, mandated to fund long and medium term funding for key infrastructure projects, including in the areas of transportation, housing, energy, ICT, water and sanitation. The headquarters of","psg_id":"20883572"},{"title":"The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here","text":"The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here is the eighth full-length album by metalcore band Zao. It was released on June 13, 2006 on Ferret Records in the US and on June 12, 2006 in Europe. The album showcases the addition of drummer Jeff Gretz and bassist Martin Lunn. In interviews Gretz jokingly claimed it would be titled \"The George Lucas Neckfat\". The album was released in two versions. The limited edition deluxe edition contains expanded artwork and a bonus \"making the album\" DVD. Both versions contain the same music. Some pre-ordered copies","psg_id":"7836826"},{"title":"The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here","text":"melodic elements that were introduced on the album \"The Funeral of God\", it takes a somewhat raw, black metal-influenced sound. The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here is the eighth full-length album by metalcore band Zao. It was released on June 13, 2006 on Ferret Records in the US and on June 12, 2006 in Europe. The album showcases the addition of drummer Jeff Gretz and bassist Martin Lunn. In interviews Gretz jokingly claimed it would be titled \"The George Lucas Neckfat\". The album was released in two versions. The limited edition deluxe","psg_id":"7836829"},{"title":"First Market Bank","text":"retailer shared in the ownership of a co-located bank. In 2006, SunTrust Banks, Inc., the successor of National Commerce Bancorporation, sold its interest in First Market to the Markel Corporation, a Richmond, VA based specialty property and casualty insurer. This move also brought the bank's headquarters to Richmond. By 2009, First Market operated 39 full-service branches, with 25 inside Ukrop’s Supermarkets. The bank had a geographic footprint including Richmond, Fredericksburg, Roanoke, and Williamsburg, VA. Assets totaled $1.4 billion, net loans totaled $1.0 billion, deposits totaled $1.2 billion, and shareholders’ equity totaled $125.1 million. On March 30, 2009, First Market Bank","psg_id":"6205613"},{"title":"Norinchukin Bank","text":"Norinchukin Bank The Norinchukin Bank (also known as \"Nochu Bank\") is a Japanese cooperative bank serving over 5,612 agricultural, fishing and forestry cooperatives from its headquarters in Tokyo. The bank is one of Japan’s largest institutional investors with an investment portfolio of more than US$400 billion and assets exceeding US$840 billion. Through overseas branches located in New York City, London, and Singapore, the bank invests in bond, securitization product, stock, private equity, and real estate. Since huge assets as much as US$840 billion are managed by only around 3,200 employees, the bank is mainly engaged in asset management and large","psg_id":"14081649"},{"title":"Bank of China","text":"\"Big Four\" banks of the period: the Farmers Bank of China, Bank of Communications and Central Bank of the Republic of China. Its headquarters are in Xicheng District, Beijing. As of 31 December 2009, it was the second largest lender in China overall, and the 5th largest bank in the world by market capitalization value. The Bank of China's history began in 1905, when the Qing government established \"Daqing Hubu\" Bank () in Beijing, which was in 1908 renamed to \"Daqing\" Bank (). When the Republic of China was established in 1912, it was further renamed as Bank of China","psg_id":"2055670"},{"title":"National Australia Bank","text":"National Australia Bank National Australia Bank (abbreviated NAB, branded nab) is one of the four largest financial institutions in Australia in terms of market capitalisation, earnings and customers. NAB was ranked 21st largest bank in the world measured by market capitalisation and 41st largest bank in the world as measured by total assets in 2014, falling to 49th largest in March 2016. NAB operated 1,590 branches and service centres; and 4,412 ATMs across Australia, New Zealand and Asia serving 12.7 million customers. NAB has a \"AA-\" long term issuer rating by Standard & Poor's. National Australia Bank was formed as","psg_id":"2862245"},{"title":"At-the-market offering","text":"with significant growth occurring after the 2008 financial crisis. Although this financing method has become particularly popular with small-cap life sciences issuers, large-capitalization companies such as Bank of America, Boston Properties and Ford Motor Company have recently employed ATM offerings as well. At-the-market offering An at-the-market (ATM) offering is a type of follow-on offering of stock utilized by publicly traded companies in order to raise capital over time. In an ATM offering, exchange-listed companies incrementally sell newly issued shares into the secondary trading market through a designated broker-dealer at prevailing market prices. The broker-dealer sells the issuing company's shares in","psg_id":"16904986"},{"title":"Capitalization-weighted index","text":"Capitalization-weighted index A capitalization-weighted (or \"cap-weighted\") index, also called a market-value-weighted index is a stock market index whose components are weighted according to the total market value of their outstanding shares. Every day an individual stock's price changes and thereby changes a stock index's value. The impact that individual stock's price change has on the index is proportional to the company's overall market value (the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares), in a capitalization-weighted index. In other types of indices, different ratios are used. For example, the AMEX Composite Index (XAX) had more than 800 component stocks.","psg_id":"7525330"},{"title":"Standard Federal Bank","text":"Standard Federal Bank Standard Federal Bank was a Troy, Michigan-based bank serving Michigan and Northern Indiana in the United States which was acquired by Bank of America on 5 May 2008. In 2005, Standard Federal was the largest bank in Michigan based on number of retail branches (265), ATMs (more than 1,000) and deposits (US 23.3B, 15.06% market share); it ranked second in assets. After ABN AMRO acquired it, the bank was renamed \"LaSalle Bank Midwest\" in 2005. Bank of America purchased the bank and its parent LaSalle Bank Corporation on October 1, 2007 and all branches were rebranded Bank","psg_id":"5855896"},{"title":"Standard Federal Bank","text":"under the Bank of America brand on May 5, 2008. Standard Federal Bank Standard Federal Bank was a Troy, Michigan-based bank serving Michigan and Northern Indiana in the United States which was acquired by Bank of America on 5 May 2008. In 2005, Standard Federal was the largest bank in Michigan based on number of retail branches (265), ATMs (more than 1,000) and deposits (US 23.3B, 15.06% market share); it ranked second in assets. After ABN AMRO acquired it, the bank was renamed \"LaSalle Bank Midwest\" in 2005. Bank of America purchased the bank and its parent LaSalle Bank Corporation","psg_id":"5855907"},{"title":"Stock market","text":"in various ways. One way is by the country where the company is domiciled. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are domiciled in Switzerland, so they may be considered as part of the Swiss stock market, although their stock may also be traded on exchanges in other countries, for example, as American depository receipts (ADRs) on U.S. stock markets. As of mid 2017, the size of the world stock market (total market capitalization) was about US$76.3 trillion. By country, the largest market was the United States (about 34%), followed by Japan (about 6%) and the United Kingdom (about 6%). These numbers","psg_id":"627415"},{"title":"Trade and Development Bank","text":"Trade and Development Bank The Trade and Development Bank (TDB), formerly the PTA Bank, is a trade and development financial institution in Africa. The TDB is the financial arm of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), although membership is open to non-COMESA states and other institutional shareholders. As of December 2017, the TDB was a large financial institution with assets exceeding US$5.264 billion. The bank had 20 shareholders, with shareholders' equity in excess of US$1.021 billion. The Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Bank, also known as the TDB, was established on 6 November 1985 under","psg_id":"13347692"},{"title":"Banking in Italy","text":"up by Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici in 1397. The earliest known state deposit bank, Banco di San Giorgio (Bank of St. George), was founded in 1407 at Genoa, Italy, while Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, founded in 1472, is the oldest surviving bank in the world. Unicredit is one of the largest bank in Europe by capitalization and Assicurazioni Generali is the seventh in the world by total assets Banking in Italy Banking in Italy has, as of 11 October 2008, an average leverage ratio (assets/liabilities) of 12 to 1, while the banks's short-term liabilities are equal to","psg_id":"10712844"},{"title":"Spire Bank","text":"Spire Bank Spire Bank, formerly known as Equatorial Commercial Bank (ECB), is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Kenya, serving corporate clients, small and medium enterprises and individuals. , the bank's total assets were valued at about US$180 million (KES:15.562 billion), with shareholders' equity valued at about US$16 million (KES:1.371 billion). At that time, the bank was ranked number 27, by assets, out of 43 banks licensed in Kenya.","psg_id":"9842114"},{"title":"Public Bank Berhad","text":"capitalization, just behind Maybank and third largest by total assets, behind Maybank and CIMB. Public Bank currently offers a comprehensive range of financial products and services which include personal banking, commercial banking, Islamic banking, investment banking, share broking, trustee services, nominee services, sale and management of unit trust funds, bancassurance and general insurance products. Public Bank's strategy is centered on growth in the retail banking business particularly on the retail consumers and small and medium enterprises (\"SMEs\"). The Public Bank Group is well known for its strong financial performance and consistent prudent management. It is consistently accorded with strong credit","psg_id":"4292827"},{"title":"First Financial Bank (Ohio)","text":"First Financial Bank (Ohio) First Financial Bancorp () is a regional bank headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, with its operations center in the northern Cincinnati, Tri-County area. Founded in 1863, First Financial has the sixth oldest national bank charter and has 110 locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and throughout Indiana. First Financial acquired Irwin Financial Corp and its subsidiaries through a government assisted transaction on September 18, 2009. As of April 2018, the company had $13 billion in assets and market capitalization of $2.6 billion. The Company's subsidiary, First Financial Bank, N.A., founded in 1863, provides banking and financial services products through","psg_id":"14783948"},{"title":"First Community Bank","text":"First Community Bank First Community Bank (FCB), is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator. , the bank's total assets were valued at about US$130.85 million (KES:11.305 billion), with shareholders' equity of about US$14 million (KES:1.21 billion), and customer deposits of US$115 million (KES:9.932 billion). At that time, the bank was ranked number 33, by assets, out of 43 licensed banks in Kenya then. First Community Bank was established in 2007 according to Sharia law by private Muslim","psg_id":"15095200"},{"title":"Société Générale","text":"agreed to pay $50 million to settle a claim by the American government of fraudulent concealment of residential mortgage-backed securities quality. Société Générale Société Générale S.A. (), often nicknamed \"SocGen\" (), is a French multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Paris, France. The company is a universal bank and has divisions supporting French Networks, Global Transaction Banking, International Retail Banking, Financial Services, Corporate and Investment Banking, Private Banking, Asset Management and Securities Services. Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets, sixth largest in Europe or seventeenth by market capitalization. The company is a component","psg_id":"11480808"},{"title":"Commercial Bank of Dubai","text":"Commercial Bank of Dubai Commercial Bank of Dubai (CBD) is a UAE banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Deira, Dubai. With more than $10 billion in assets, Gulf Business listed CBD as the 35th largest bank in the Persian Gulf region. It also figures in the Dubai Financial Market index. CBD was founded in 1969, by an Amiri Decree issued by the late Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum. What started out as a joint venture of Commerzbank, Chase Manhattan Bank and Commercial Bank of Kuwait, evolved into a National Public shareholding company by 1982. 80% of its shares are","psg_id":"18276636"},{"title":"BNP Paribas","text":"Bank of the West in the western United States and First Hawaiian Bank in Hawaii. BNP Paribas's Europe Mediterranean group also runs large retail banks in Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, and northern Africa. BNP Paribas is the largest bank in the Eurozone by total assets and second largest by market capitalization according to \"The Banker\" magazine, just behind Banco Santander. It employs over 189,000 people, according to the bank as of 31 December 2015, of which 147,000 work in Europe, and maintains a presence in 75 countries. In the United States, BNP Paribas owns BancWest, which in turn operates retail banking","psg_id":"2895836"},{"title":"Axis Bank","text":"on the London Stock Exchange. The Bonds issued by the Bank under the MTN programme are listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Axis Bank Axis Bank is the third largest of the private-sector banks in India offering a comprehensive suite of financial products. The bank has its head office in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 3,703 branches, 13,814 ATMs, and nine international offices. The bank employs over 55,000 people and had a market capitalization of (as on March 31, 2018). It sells financial services to large and mid-size corporates, SME, and retail businesses. As of 30 Jun. 2016, 30.81% shares are","psg_id":"10671327"},{"title":"Development Bank of the Philippines","text":"Development Bank of the Philippines The Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) is a state-owned development bank headquartered in Makati City, the Philippines. It is the seventh-largest bank in the Philippines in terms of assets with assets of more than P483 billion as of 2016. It is the second-largest state-owned bank, next only to Landbank. It is also one of the largest government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) in the Philippines. It has 114 branches and 15 regional marketing centers across the country. Under its charter, DBP is classified as a development bank. It is primarily tasked to provide banking services","psg_id":"4520696"},{"title":"CRDB Bank","text":"billion), with shareholders' equity of TZS:733.5 billion (US$323.1 million). At that time, CRDB owned an estimated 19.5 percent of the TZS:29.97 trillion total banking assets in the country at that time, making it the largest bank in Tanzania, based on total assets. In September 2013, CRDB Bank was the second-largest commercial bank in Tanzania, by assets, behind FBME Bank. It was also the second-best capitalized commercial bank, behind National Microfinance Bank. The shares of stock of CRDB Bank are listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, where they trade under the symbol \"CRDB\". CRDB Bank was formed when the","psg_id":"13083677"},{"title":"Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank","text":"Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank () (), commonly called ADCB, is a bank in the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCB) was formed in 1985 as a public shareholding company with limited liability, upon merger of Emirates Commercial Bank and Federal Commercial Bank with Khaleej Commercial Bank, which was established in 1975. The Government of Abu Dhabi through the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) holds 65% of ADCB shares; the remainder is held by other institutions and individuals. ADCB is one of the largest in the UAE in terms of shareholder funds and market capitalization.","psg_id":"10204067"},{"title":"Bank of Kigali","text":"Bank of Kigali Bank of Kigali (BK) is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. The headquarters and main branch of the bank are located at 6112 KN4 Avenue, in Nyarugenge District, in the city of Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda. The geographical coordinates of the bank's headquarters are: 01°56'54.0\"S, 30°03'35.0\"E (Latitude:-1.948333; Longitude:30.059722). Bank of Kigali is the largest commercial bank in Rwanda, by total assets. As of 31 December 2017, the bank's total assets were valued at RWF: 727.2 billion (US$851.5","psg_id":"14092008"},{"title":"Reverential capitalization","text":"rules given by their style manuals. Reverential capitalization is not to be used, for example, according to the style guidelines set by the Chicago Manual of Style or the Associated Press Stylebook. It is prescribed, for example, by the US Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008). This capitalization rule is also customarily applied in Tagalog and other languages of the Philippines, despite being considered nonstandard and inconsistent by purists who contend that this rule is applied only in English. Reverential capitalization Reverential capitalization is the practice of capitalizing words, particularly pronouns, that refer to a deity or divine being, in","psg_id":"17876850"},{"title":"Bank of Cyprus","text":"banking sector. The shares of the bank are listed on the Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE). The Bank is the largest listed company on the CSE in terms of market capitalization. Since October 8, 2007 the Bank of Cyprus has been part of the Cyprus 10 Index, which comprises the 10 largest companies in Cyprus. The Bank of Cyprus was also listed on the Athens Exchange since 2000 and had been part of the FTSE/Athex Large Cap index from 9 October 2006 until March 2013. However, in late 2016 it has announced plans to de-list from Athens on 9 January 2017","psg_id":"8915963"},{"title":"Axis Bank","text":"Axis Bank Axis Bank is the third largest of the private-sector banks in India offering a comprehensive suite of financial products. The bank has its head office in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 3,703 branches, 13,814 ATMs, and nine international offices. The bank employs over 55,000 people and had a market capitalization of (as on March 31, 2018). It sells financial services to large and mid-size corporates, SME, and retail businesses. As of 30 Jun. 2016, 30.81% shares are owned by promoters and promoter group (United India Insurance Company Limited, Oriental Insurance Company Limited, National Insurance Company Limited, New India Assurance","psg_id":"10671311"},{"title":"Royal Bank of Canada","text":"Royal Bank of Canada The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) is a Canadian multinational financial services company and the largest bank in Canada by market capitalization. The bank serves over 16 million clients and has 80,000 employees worldwide. The bank was founded in 1864 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, while its corporate headquarters are located in Montreal, Quebec and Toronto, Ontario. RBC's Institution Number (or bank number) is 003. In November 2017, RBC was added to the Financial Stability Board's list of global systemically important banks. In Canada, the bank's personal and commercial banking operations are branded as \"RBC Royal Bank\"","psg_id":"3022866"},{"title":"Access Bank Rwanda","text":"of April 2010, the bank maintains branches in the following locations: Access Bank Rwanda Access Bank Rwanda is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Rwanda. According to its web site, it is the fourth-largest commercial bank in the country, based on assets. , the bank's total assets were US$83.4 million (RWF:55.8 billion, with shareholders equity of about US$9.72 million (RWF:6.65 billion). The bank was first established in Rwanda in 1995, as Bancor SA, by a","psg_id":"14449428"},{"title":"National Bank of Abu Dhabi","text":"National Bank of Abu Dhabi National Bank of Abu Dhabi (NBAD) () is a bank operating in the United Arab Emirates. NBAD is the largest lender bank in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and in the United Arab Emirates. NBAD has the largest market capitalization among UAE banks. NBAD’s headquarters is 1 NBAD Tower in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The Bank will build a new headquarters in Abu Dhabi’s Al Maryah Island, which will house the future Abu Dhabi Financial District. NBAD’s line of businesses include a whole range of retail banking, corporate, wholesale and investment banking, wealth management and private","psg_id":"15616140"},{"title":"Access Bank Rwanda","text":"Access Bank Rwanda Access Bank Rwanda is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Rwanda. According to its web site, it is the fourth-largest commercial bank in the country, based on assets. , the bank's total assets were US$83.4 million (RWF:55.8 billion, with shareholders equity of about US$9.72 million (RWF:6.65 billion). The bank was first established in Rwanda in 1995, as Bancor SA, by a Ugandan investor. In 2000, after fourteen years of continuous successful banking","psg_id":"14449426"},{"title":"Dubai Islamic Bank","text":"Dubai Islamic Bank The Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) is an Islamic bank in Dubai, established in 1975. It is the first Islamic bank to have incorporated the principles of Islam in all its practices and is the largest Islamic bank in the UAE. Established in 1975, Dubai Islamic Bank is the largest Islamic bank in the UAE by assets and a public joint stock company listed on the Dubai Financial Market. Spearheading the evolution of the global Islamic finance industry, DIB is also the world’s first full service Islamic bank and the third largest Islamic bank in the world. The","psg_id":"6789960"},{"title":"Trust Merchant Bank","text":"Trust Merchant Bank Trust Merchant Bank or TMB, is an independent commercial bank based in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with its headquarters located in Lubumbashi. The bank began operations in 2004. TMB operates in all sectors of the local banking market, including in retail banking, SME banking, corporate banking, and mobile banking. The bank is regulated by the Central Bank of Congo and is a member of the Association Congolaise des Banques. Trust Merchant Bank is one of the DRC's largest banks as measured by regulatory equity, total assets and turnover. As of 31 December 2016, total assets","psg_id":"15078313"},{"title":"Chiba Bank","text":"Chiba Bank Chiba Bank is the third-largest of Japan’s 64 regional banking groups in terms of total assets. As of March 2008, it had total assets of ¥9.8 trillion and a loan portfolio topping ¥6.6 trillion, which also made it one of the world's 200 largest banks. It employs a full-time staff of 3,675. The bank is headquartered in Chiba Prefecture, which lies adjacent to Japan’s capital Tokyo on Tokyo Bay and has one of the most important industrial concentrations anywhere in Japan. Chiba Bank has a 36.6% market share of lending and a 23.0% share of all deposits in","psg_id":"4531810"},{"title":"Chiba Bank","text":"lending. Chiba Bank Chiba Bank is the third-largest of Japan’s 64 regional banking groups in terms of total assets. As of March 2008, it had total assets of ¥9.8 trillion and a loan portfolio topping ¥6.6 trillion, which also made it one of the world's 200 largest banks. It employs a full-time staff of 3,675. The bank is headquartered in Chiba Prefecture, which lies adjacent to Japan’s capital Tokyo on Tokyo Bay and has one of the most important industrial concentrations anywhere in Japan. Chiba Bank has a 36.6% market share of lending and a 23.0% share of all deposits","psg_id":"4531812"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Public Bank Berhad\",\n \"text\": \"Public Bank Berhad Public Bank Berhad () is a bank based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia offering financial services in Malaysia as well as the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was founded in 1966 by Teh Hong Piow, the then general manager of Malayan Banking. The bank was listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange in 1967. Public Bank is currently one of the largest banks in Southeast Asia, with over RM 363.76 billion (US$91.26 billion) of assets and RM71.90 billion (US$18.04 billion) in market capitalization in 2015. Public Bank is the largest bank in Malaysia by shareholders' funds, second largest by market\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4292826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Market capitalization\",\n \"text\": \"US$40 trillion in September 2008. In 2014 and 2015, global market capitalization was US$68 trillion and US$67 trillion, respectively. Market cap is given by the formula formula_1, where \\\"MC\\\" is the market capitalization, \\\"N\\\" is the number of shares outstanding, and \\\"P\\\" is the closing price per share. For example, if some company has 4 million shares outstanding and the closing price per share is $20, its market cap is then $80 million. If the closing price per share rises to $21, the market cap becomes $84 million. If it drops to $19 per share, the market cap falls to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"694840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Market capitalization\",\n \"text\": \"Market capitalization Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares. Market capitalization is equal to the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. As outstanding stock is bought and sold in public markets, capitalization could be used as an indicator of public opinion of a company's net worth and is a determining factor in some forms of stock valuation. Market capitalization is used by the investment community in ranking the size of companies, as opposed to sales or total asset figures. It is also used in ranking the relative size of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"694838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Market capitalization\",\n \"text\": \"value (EV) has been used. Market capitalization Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares. Market capitalization is equal to the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. As outstanding stock is bought and sold in public markets, capitalization could be used as an indicator of public opinion of a company's net worth and is a determining factor in some forms of stock valuation. Market capitalization is used by the investment community in ranking the size of companies, as opposed to sales or total asset figures. It is also used in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"694843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Market capitalization\",\n \"text\": \"stock exchanges, being a measure of the sum of the market capitalizations of all companies listed on each stock exchange. (See List of stock exchanges.) In performing such rankings, the market capitalizations are calculated at some significant date, such as June 30 or December 31. The total capitalization of stock markets or economic regions may be compared with other economic indicators. The total market capitalization of all publicly traded companies in the world was US$51.2 trillion in January 2007 and rose as high as US$57.5 trillion in May 2008 before dropping below US$50 trillion in August 2008 and slightly above\",\n \"psg_id\": \"694839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LaSalle Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Michigan. The investment banking arm was purchased by the third largest bank in Canada by deposits and market capitalization. LaSalle sponsored a number of events in its Chicago home. Many of these events will now be re-branded with Bank of America's name. LaSalle Bank LaSalle Bank Corporation was the holding company for LaSalle Bank N.A. and LaSalle Bank Midwest N.A. (formerly Standard Federal Bank). With US$116 billion in assets, it was headquartered at 135 South LaSalle Street in Chicago, Illinois. LaSalle Bank Corporation was formerly an indirect subsidiary of Netherlands-based ABN AMRO Bank N.V., one of the world's largest banks,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5855948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of the Philippine Islands\",\n \"text\": \"Bank of the Philippine Islands Bank of the Philippine Islands (, , commonly known as BPI; ) is a universal bank in the Philippines. It is the first bank in both the Philippines and Southeast Asia. It is the third largest bank in terms of assets, the second largest bank in terms of market capitalization, and one of the most profitable banks in the Philippines. The bank has a network of over 900 branches in the Philippines, Hong Kong and Europe, and more than 3,000 ATMs and CDMs (cash deposit machines). BPI was founded during the Spanish Colonial Era of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5336344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Bank of Canada\",\n \"text\": \"Bank and the focus is on middle market clients. In 2011, RBC was the largest Canadian company by revenue and market capitalization. and was ranked at No. 50 in the 2013 Forbes Global 2000 listing. The company has operations in Canada, and 40 other countries and had US$673.2 billion of assets under management in 2014. In 1864, the Merchants Bank of Halifax was founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as a commercial bank that financed the fishing and timber industries and the European and Caribbean import/export businesses. By 1869 the Merchants' Bank was officially incorporated and received its federal charter in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3022868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank Negara Indonesia\",\n \"text\": \"Bank Negara Indonesia PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk or Bank Negara Indonesia (literally means Indonesian State Bank), is an Indonesian state-owned bank. It has branches primarily in Indonesia, but it can also found in Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, London and New York. It had 1000 branches and over 9 million customers in 2006. It is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as \\\"BBNI\\\". Its market capitalization as of 12 March 2007 was 23.8 trillion rupiah (approximately US$2.6 billion). It is the fourth-largest bank of Indonesia in terms of assets Bank Negara Indonesia was established on 5 July 1946.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10003383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Toronto–Dominion Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Toronto–Dominion Bank The Toronto–Dominion Bank () is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Commonly known as TD and operating as TD Bank Group (), the bank was created on February 1, 1955 through the merger of the Bank of Toronto and The Dominion Bank, which were founded in 1855 and 1869, respectively. In 2017 according to Standard & Poor's, TD Bank Group was the largest bank in Canada by total assets, second largest by market capitalization, a top-10 bank in North America, and was the 26th largest bank in the world. The bank and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2138902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"World's largest airlines\",\n \"text\": \"billion), and assets billion ( billion) with 56,725 employees. The IATA reports numbers for individual air operator's certificates and groups of multiple airlines can report larger numbers. \\\"Airline holding groups\\\" \\\"Individual airlines\\\" World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4407062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"HDFC Bank\",\n \"text\": \"share of HDFC Bank. HDFC Bank HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 88,253 permanent employees as on 31 March 2018 and has a presence in Bahrain, Hong Kong and Dubai. HDFC Bank is India’s largest private sector lender by assets. It is the largest bank in India by market capitalization as of February 2016. It was ranked 69th in 2016 BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brands. In 1994 HDFC Bank was incorporated, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. Its first corporate office and a full service branch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8629431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Intesa Sanpaolo\",\n \"text\": \"Intesa Sanpaolo Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. is an Italian banking group resulting from the merger of Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI based in Torre Intesa Sanpaolo, Turin, Italy. In 2014 it was the largest banking group in Italy by market capitalization, and second by total assets. The bank has also experienced growth in the international market, focused in Central-Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. When it was formed in 2007 it overtook Unicredit Group as the largest bank in Italy with 13 million customers and US$690 billion worth of assets. By 2010 its assets had grown to US$877.66 billion,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9700645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"HDFC Bank\",\n \"text\": \"HDFC Bank HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 88,253 permanent employees as on 31 March 2018 and has a presence in Bahrain, Hong Kong and Dubai. HDFC Bank is India’s largest private sector lender by assets. It is the largest bank in India by market capitalization as of February 2016. It was ranked 69th in 2016 BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brands. In 1994 HDFC Bank was incorporated, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. Its first corporate office and a full service branch at Sandoz House, Worli\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8629428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alpha Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Alpha Bank Alpha Bank is the second largest Greek bank by total assets, and the largest by market capitalization of €2.13 billion (as of December 4, 2018). It has a subsidiary and branch in London England, and branches and subsidiaries throughout Southeastern Europe. Founded in 1879, it has been controlled by the Costopoulos family since its inception. Currently Ioannis Costopoulos, grandson of original founder John F. Costopoulos, and nephew of Stavros Costopoulos, foreign minister in the government of Georgios Papandreou, is the honorary chairman. On January 16, 2015, Alpha Bank requested Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) from the Bank of Greece.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2762292\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Piraeus Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Piraeus Bank Piraeus Bank A.E. (), is a Greek multinational financial services company with its headquarters in Athens, Greece. , it is the leading bank in Greece, by assets with a 30% market share in net loans (44.7 Billion Euro) and second in liabilities, 29% in deposits (42.9 Billion Euro). Piraeus Bank's stocks are listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX) since January 1918. Its market capitalization on October 2017 is 410 million Euro making it the fourth largest by that measure. In March 2017, Piraeus Bank announced that has appointed Mr. Christos Megalou as the new Chief Executive Officer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3258739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alpha Bank\",\n \"text\": \"the number of securities listed is 12769059858 (around 12.7 billion). The stock is one of the 25 stocks in the FTSE/Athex Large Cap index (August 11, 2015). Alpha Bank Alpha Bank is the second largest Greek bank by total assets, and the largest by market capitalization of €2.13 billion (as of December 4, 2018). It has a subsidiary and branch in London England, and branches and subsidiaries throughout Southeastern Europe. Founded in 1879, it has been controlled by the Costopoulos family since its inception. Currently Ioannis Costopoulos, grandson of original founder John F. Costopoulos, and nephew of Stavros Costopoulos, foreign\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2762302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of Montreal\",\n \"text\": \"Bank of Montreal The Bank of Montreal, doing business as BMO Financial Group, is a Canadian multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Montreal, Canada. One of the Big Five banks in Canada, it is the fourth-largest bank in Canada by market capitalization and assets, as well as one of the ten largest banks in North America. It is commonly known by its acronym BMO (pronounced ), which is also its stock symbol on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. On June 23, 1817, John Richardson and eight merchants signed the Articles of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2129440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"China Construction Bank\",\n \"text\": \"China Construction Bank China Construction Bank Corporation (CCB) is one of the \\\"big four\\\" banks in the People's Republic of China. In 2015 CCB was the 2nd largest bank in the world by market capitalization and 6th largest company in the world. The bank has approximately 13,629 domestic branches. In addition, it maintains overseas branches in Barcelona, Frankfurt, Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, New York City, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Sydney and Auckland, and a wholly owned subsidiary in London. Its total assets reached CN¥ 8.7 trillion in 2009. Its headquarters is in Xicheng District, Beijing. CCB was founded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2183746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kaupthing Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Luxembourg, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was seventh largest bank in the Nordic countries in terms of market capitalization. The bank had employed over 3,300 people with 36 retail branches in Iceland. As of 31 December 2007, the bank had a total assets of €58.3 billion. In 2006, it ranked number 1,006 on Forbes Global 2000 The same year, it ranked number 177 (up by 34 places from 2005) on the list of the world's largest banks composed annually by the international finance magazine \\\"The Banker\\\". That year Kaupthing Bank had net earnings of €812 million,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3297193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"AU Small Finance Bank\",\n \"text\": \"AU Small Finance Bank AU Small Finance Bank is an Indian commercial bank that was founded as vehicle finance company Au Financiers (India) Ltd in 1996 and converted to a small finance bank on 19 April 2017. It ranked 469 in the Fortune India 500 (2017) companies, with annual revenue of ₹2,041.82 crores (US$ million) and assets of ₹9,186.28 crores (US$ billion). Its full market capitalization at FY18 was ₹17,655 crores (US$ billion). The company was founded by Sanjay Agarwal (managing director and CEO of AU Small Finance Bank) as a private limited company, and publicly listed in an IPO\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20448986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank SinoPac\",\n \"text\": \"is unique in its foresight in building on-the-ground business in the US and China. Far East National Bank, a wholly owned California chartered bank was acquired in 1997; SinoFirst, located in Shanghai, China, was acquired in late 1990s. SinoPac's total assets stood at about US$40 billion. Its stock is traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Bank SinoPac is a subsidiary of SinoPac Financial Holdings which has a market capitalization of around $3.4 billion USD. Bank SinoPac Bank SinoPac, or SinoPac Financial Holdings Company Ltd ()(), is a Taiwan-based banking holding company which operates through 18 divisions and 129 branches in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7581472\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"World's largest airlines\",\n \"text\": \"World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by number of destinations served. Note that Emirates is a government-owned company and is thus not included in this list of public companies. Its 2014-2015 revenue was billion ( billion), profit billion (\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4407061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Market Bank\",\n \"text\": \"agreed to be acquired by Bowling Green, Virginia based Union Bankshares in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $105.4 million. The merger was complete on February 1, 2010, and on March 22, the branches reopened as Union First Market Bank. The new company became the largest community bank in Virginia, and moved its headquarters to Richmond. This transaction paralleled the sale of the assets of Ukrop’s Super Markets to Giant Food Stores of Carlisle, PA on February 8, 2010. First Market Bank First Market Bank was a federal savings bank founded and headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. It offered a full\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6205614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thai Chinese\",\n \"text\": \"Asia Controlled by Overseas Chinese in 1994\\\" chart released by Singaporean Geographer Dr. Henry Yeung of the National University of Singapore, 39 companies were concentrated in Thailand with a market capitalization of US$35 billion and total assets of US$94 billion. In Thailand, ethnic Chinese control the nations four largest private banks (Bangkok Bank, Thai Farmers Bank, Bank of Ahudya, and Bangkok Commercial Bank), of which Bangkok Bank is the largest and most profitable private bank in addition to the Thai royal household being dependent on Chinese private equity capital and business expertise from these banks to fund and create more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4225212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank Mandiri\",\n \"text\": \"Bank Mandiri PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk or Bank Mandiri, headquartered in Jakarta, is the largest bank in Indonesia in terms of assets, loans and deposits. Total assets as of Q3 2012 were IDR 588.4 trillion (around US$59.8 billion). It also had a Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) of 16.08% (including market risk), Return on Asset (RoA) of 3.45%, and Return on Equity (RoE) of 22.18%. As of September 2012, Bank Mandiri was the largest bank in Indonesia by total assets. As of September 2012, the bank had 1,733 branches spread across three different time zones in Indonesia and six branches\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3222727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Webster Bank\",\n \"text\": \"billion in assets (2015) and a market capitalization of over $3 billion. Its network includes over 177 branches and 316 ATMs located in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Westchester County, New York. Webster Bank Webster Bank is a US commercial bank based in Waterbury, Connecticut. It has 177 branches and 316 ATMs located in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Westchester County, New York. Webster was founded in 1935 by Harold Webster Smith as the \\\"First Federal Savings of Waterbury\\\" in Connecticut. Only 24 years old, Smith borrowed from family and friends to found the lending institution providing home loans to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7815534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"MUFG Bank\",\n \"text\": \"was completed in 2002 and the new bank was officially named . UFJ was headquartered in Nagoya, the historical headquarters of Tokai Bank. During its short life, it was plagued by bad debt problems and by infighting between the employees of its predecessor companies. The holding companies of BTM and UFJ agreed to merge in 2005, forming Japan's largest bank by assets and market capitalization. This led to litigation between BTM and Sumitomo Trust & Banking Co., which had previously agreed to an alliance with UFJ under which it would take over UFJ's trust banking operations. BTM and UFJ settled\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6147158\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wells Fargo\",\n \"text\": \"also the head of the Wells Fargo wealth management division, due to his sexist statements regarding female employees. The female workers claimed that he called them \\\"girls\\\" and said that they \\\"should be at home taking care of their children.\\\" Wells Fargo Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the United States. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest bank in the US by total assets. Wells Fargo is ranked #26 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest US\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11755685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Banco Santander\",\n \"text\": \"index. In May 2016, Santander was ranked as 37th in the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's biggest public companies. Santander is Spain’s largest bank. In September 2018 it was announced that incumbent chief executive José Antonio Alvarez would be succeeded by Andrea Orcel in early 2019. As of 2017, Santander is the 5th largest bank in Europe with approximately US$1.4 trillion in total assets-under-management (AUM). Traded on the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, the bank has a total market capitalization of $69.9 billion. Banco Santander was founded in 1857. In 1999 it merged with Banco Central Hispano,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5975999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index\",\n \"text\": \"is worth on the stock market. The Unweighted Index calculates an index value based on the price alone. Both the weighted and unweighted indices use the same list of stocks. The constituents of the ASE indices are evaluated each year. The 70 stocks listed here are the 2007 version of the index. They are categorized by sector: banking sector, insurance sector, service sector and industrial sector. The lists are alphabetized by stock symbol. ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index The ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index is a stock index of the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. The ASE Weighted Index is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10070677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Central Carolina Bank and Trust\",\n \"text\": \"the operational headquarters. NCBC chairman and chief executive officer Thomas M. Garrott would become chairman, while CCB chairman and CEO Ernest L. Roessler would become CEO of the new company. The combination would give NCBC \\\"market capitalization of about $4.2 billion, combined assets of $15 billion, deposits of $11.3 billion and 370 branches in eight states\\\". NCBC had $7.3 billion in assets and 162 National Bank of Commerce (NBC) branches in Tennessee, Georgia, Mississippi, Virginia, West Virginia, Arkansas and North Carolina. The company was also buying Hillsborough Savings Bank, with 3 branches and $150 million in assets. Many of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14908756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"BMO Harris Bank\",\n \"text\": \"billion. Marshall & Ilsley and Harris Bankcorp were both rebranded as BMO Harris. The company restructured as BMO Bankcorp July 5, 2011. In December 2015, the company completed its acquisition of General Electric Capital Corp.'s transportation finance business. BMO Harris Bank N.A. is the 16th largest (by total assets) commercial bank in the US (not including total assets from parent company). BMO Harris Bank is one of the largest banks in the Midwest with over 600 branches and approximately 1,300 ATMs in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Arizona and Florida. It is the second-largest Chicago-area bank based on market\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5763571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Piraeus Bank\",\n \"text\": \"2018, Piraeus Bank completed the sale of Piraeus Bank Romania to J.C. Flowers & Co. following the receipt of the necessary regulatory approvals by the National Bank of Romania. Piraeus Bank Piraeus Bank A.E. (), is a Greek multinational financial services company with its headquarters in Athens, Greece. , it is the leading bank in Greece, by assets with a 30% market share in net loans (44.7 Billion Euro) and second in liabilities, 29% in deposits (42.9 Billion Euro). Piraeus Bank's stocks are listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX) since January 1918. Its market capitalization on October 2017 is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3258751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Largest gold companies\",\n \"text\": \"value and total reserves and resources for each company as well as the price of gold into consideration. The figures for each company can be used to determine the value the stock market gives to each company's reserves on an ounce to ounce basis. If the calculation is to exclude financial assets the enterprise value is used instead of market capitalization. EVO = Enterprise Value/Ounce (gold equivalent) = Enterprise Value divided by resources. The enterprise value is the difference between a company's market capitalization (product of the number of company shares and listed stock price) and its cash, investments less\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13789119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index\",\n \"text\": \"ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index The ASE Market Capitalization Weighted Index is a stock index of the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. The ASE Weighted Index is one of two principal stock indices on the exchange, the other being the ASE Unweighted Price Index. The ASE Unweighted Index was created in 1980 and was very successful. The ASE went on to create a weighted index in 1992. The weighted index, whose constituents are listed below, attaches a value to each stock price based on the total market capitalisation of each stock; that is, the total amount of money the stock\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10070676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kotak Mahindra Bank\",\n \"text\": \"(as of 31 March 2017). In 2018, it is the second largest private bank in India by market capitalization after HDFC Bank. In 1985 Uday Kotak established what became an Indian financial services conglomerate. In February 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd. (KMFL), the Group's flagship company, received a banking licence from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). With this, KMFL became the first non-banking finance company in India to be converted into a bank – Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited (Kmb)ltd. In a study by Brand Finance Banking 500, published in February 2014 by \\\"Banker\\\" magazine (from \\\"The Financial Times\\\" stable),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6759796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"TrustCo Bank\",\n \"text\": \"A. McCormick was President and Chief Operation Officer of the Bank. Total assets were $301.4 million, net income was $2.9 million and market capitalization was $17 million. Trustco acquired Home & City Savings Bank and a three-story expansion of the Erie Boulevard Trust Operations Building in 1991. In May 1992, Trustco Bank sponsored and hosted a Block party on Erie Boulevard to celebrate the 90th Anniversary of the Bank and its $2.1 billion in assets by the end of 1995. The nineties also saw new Branch openings in Glens Falls, Queensbury, Wilton Mall and Clifton Park—which along with the former\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8902341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Capitalization rate\",\n \"text\": \"by algebraic manipulation of the formula below: For example, in valuing the projected sale price of an apartment building that produces a net operating income of $10,000, if we set a projected capitalization rate at 7%, then the asset value (or price we would pay to own it) is $142,857 (142,857 = 10,000 / .07). This is often referred to as direct capitalization, and is commonly used for valuing income generating property in a real estate appraisal. One advantage of capitalization rate valuation is that it is separate from a \\\"market-comparables\\\" approach to an appraisal (which compares 3 valuations: what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6222769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stock market index\",\n \"text\": \"investors believe that they can get a better result because other investors are not very good. The capital asset pricing model says that \\\"all\\\" investors are highly intelligent, and it is impossible to do better than the market portfolio, the capitalization-weighted portfolio of all assets. However, empirical tests conclude that market indices are not efficient. This can be explained by the fact that these indices do not include all assets or by the fact that the theory does not hold. The practical conclusion is that using capitalization-weighted portfolios is not necessarily the optimal method. As a consequence, capitalization-weighting has been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13518953\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Itaú Unibanco\",\n \"text\": \"Itaú Unibanco Itaú Unibanco is a Brazilian publicly quoted bank with headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil. The bank is the result of the merger of Banco Itaú and Unibanco, which occurred on November 4, 2008 to form Itaú Unibanco Holding S.A, the largest financial conglomerate in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the 10th largest bank in the world by market value. The bank its listed at the B3 in São Paulo and in NYSE in New York. It currently is the biggest Latin American bank by assets and market capitalization. Itaú Unibanco owns Rede, the second largest Brazilian card payment\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4294448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Philtrust Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Philtrust Bank Philtrust Bank, formally known as the Philippine Trust Company is one of the oldest private universal banks in the Philippines. Founded on October 16, 1916, its history parallels the growth of the Philippine banking system. It is the third bank to be established in the Philippines, after Bank of the Philippine Islands and Philippine National Bank. The bank is one of the businesses owned by Chinese-Filipino businessman, Emilio Yap. As of December 16, 2010, Philtrust Bank has a total market capitalization of P40.6 billion and share price of P70.00. As of March 31, 2012, it has Total Assets\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11188244\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transparency (market)\",\n \"text\": \"Bridge seek to allow traders to trade with transparency and the ability to verify that each trade makes it to the market. (The company uses the bridge to connect traders to the world's largest ECN, Dukascopy Bank SA, by using MetaTrader 4 platform.) Forex markets are now also a target for new blockchain innovations, which would allow trading outside of centralized exchanges or change the way these exchanges operate. Transparency (market) In economics, a market is transparent if much is known by many about: What products and services or capital assets are available, market depth (quantity available), what price, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2240039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Largest gold companies\",\n \"text\": \"Largest gold companies There are different methods by which are ranked. One is by their annual production. Another is by their cash cost per ounce, that is, how much money it costs them to mine the gold. Since gold prices are the same everywhere, companies with lower costs per ounce make more profit. The most common method lists by market capitalization which considers the total value of capital holdings by that company. Also considered when comparing companies is their market capitalization per ounce of gold equivalent (sometimes abbreviated MV-GEO, EVO if the enterprise value is used) which takes the market\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13789118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Centura Bank\",\n \"text\": \"required some the sale of some branches. Unity Bank and Trust, started in 1989, bought eleven branches, giving the bank a total of twelve, and assets of $133 million. In 1990, Centura had $178 million in market capitalization. This increased to $1.1 billion by 1997 when Mauldin retired. The bank had $6.3 billion in assets. Futrell remained on the board of directors, and Mauldin became Centura chairman in 1993. Cecil Sewell Jr., Peoples Bancorp president starting in 1989 and later Centura's president, succeeded Mauldin as chairman in 1997. Centura used the former Planters headquarters, while the Poyner & Spruill law\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15829338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Bank of Commerce (Memphis)\",\n \"text\": \"Roessler would become CEO of the new company. The combination would give NCBC \\\"market capitalization of about $4.2 billion, combined assets of $15 billion, deposits of $11.3 billion and 370 branches in eight states\\\". Wachovia Securities vice president John B. Moore pointed out that NCBC \\\"is the first major out-of-state bank to come into North Carolina, which is a highly competitive, very concentrated market.\\\" Unlike CCB, which grew by buying other banks, NBC added new markets, with a strategy of one free-standing branch for every three in-store locations. NCBC had $7.3 billion in assets and 162 National Bank of Commerce\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14917475\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Industrial and Commercial Bank of China\",\n \"text\": \"Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (abb. ICBC) is a Chinese multinational banking company. It is the largest bank in China, and the largest bank in the world by total assets, deposits, loans, number of customers and number of employees. It is one of China's \\\"Big Four\\\" state-owned commercial banks (the other three being the Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank). It was founded as a limited company on January 1, 1984. As of December 2017, it had assets worth US$4.009 trillion. Generally considered the largest financial institution\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3781251\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Itaú Unibanco\",\n \"text\": \"was activated on April 4, 2018. Itaú Unibanco Itaú Unibanco is a Brazilian publicly quoted bank with headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil. The bank is the result of the merger of Banco Itaú and Unibanco, which occurred on November 4, 2008 to form Itaú Unibanco Holding S.A, the largest financial conglomerate in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the 10th largest bank in the world by market value. The bank its listed at the B3 in São Paulo and in NYSE in New York. It currently is the biggest Latin American bank by assets and market capitalization. Itaú Unibanco owns Rede,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4294452\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Impact investing\",\n \"text\": \"driven by the goals—or whims—of the corresponding donors. Currently impact investing is still only a small market when compared to the global equity market, estimated at US$61 trillion (market capitalization of domestic listed companies) by the World Bank in 2015. Impact investors managed USD 114 billion in impact investing assets, a figure that serves as a best-available 'floor' for the size of the impact investing market, according to GIIN's 2017 \\\"Annual Impact Investor Survey\\\". The largest sectors by asset allocation were microfinance, energy, housing, and financial services. Many development finance institutions, such as the British Commonwealth Development Corporation or Norwegian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13553093\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Liberty Bank (Georgia)\",\n \"text\": \"bank was renamed Liberty Bank. In 2017, Liberty Bank announced a change of control, whereby European Financial Group B.V. , a company established and organised under the laws of the Kingdom of Netherlands, purchased 74.64% of equity interest in the Bank. The ultimate beneficial owners of the Bank are Irakli Rukhadze (US Citizen), Ben Marson (UK citizen) and Igor Alexeev (US Citizen). Liberty Bank (Georgia) The Liberty Bank (, \\\"libert'i banki\\\"), formerly the People's Bank of Georgia (, \\\"sak'art'velos sakhalkho banki\\\") is private bank in Georgia, the seventh largest in the country by total assets with 3.4% market share. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13840046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Emerging market\",\n \"text\": \"USD-denominated emerging markets sovereign bonds and uses a traditional, market capitalization weighted method for country allocation. As of March end 2016, the EMBI Global's market capitalization was $692.3bn. For country inclusion, a country’s GNI per capita must be below the Index Income Ceiling (IIC) for three consecutive years to be eligible for inclusion to the EMBI Global. J.P. Morgan defines the Index Income Ceiling (IIC) as the GNI per capita level that is adjusted every year by the growth rate of the World GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$), provided by the World Bank annually. An existing country may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4323190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Largest gold companies\",\n \"text\": \"fiscal year period. Source: May 6, 2015: The Global 2000 Largest gold companies There are different methods by which are ranked. One is by their annual production. Another is by their cash cost per ounce, that is, how much money it costs them to mine the gold. Since gold prices are the same everywhere, companies with lower costs per ounce make more profit. The most common method lists by market capitalization which considers the total value of capital holdings by that company. Also considered when comparing companies is their market capitalization per ounce of gold equivalent (sometimes abbreviated MV-GEO, EVO\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13789129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jaime Gilinski Bacal\",\n \"text\": \"investors co-invested with Gilinski. Later, the family sold control of the bank to Banco Industrial Colombiano, and its controlling stakeholder Sindicato Antioqueño, in a deal valued at $800 million, among Colombia's largest deals. Gilinski received $418 million for its stake and retained a minority position in the new bank as part of the deal. As of 2018, Bancolombia was the largest in Colombia with a market capitalization of $11 billion on the NYSE. In 2003, Gilinski acquired and subsequently merged Banco Sudameris and Banco Tequendema. This merger created GNB Sudameris, a bank with assets of over US $10 billion that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13432917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Banco de Oro\",\n \"text\": \"Banco de Oro Banco de Oro (BDO), legally known as BDO Unibank, Inc., is a Philippine banking company based in Makati. In terms of total assets, the firm is the largest bank in the Philippines, fifteenth largest in Southeast Asia, 116th largest in Asia, and the 234th largest bank globally as of March 31, 2016. BDO Unibank is also a member of SM Group owned by Henry Sy. It is also the largest bank in the country by market capitalization. The firm is a full-service universal bank. It provides products and services to the retail and corporate markets including lending\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5374585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State Bank of Mauritius\",\n \"text\": \"State Bank of Mauritius State Bank of Mauritius (SBM), is a bank in Mauritius. It is licensed as a commercial bank by the Bank of Mauritius, the national banking regulator. SBM is the second-largest bank in Mauritius with a market share of about 25% of domestic banking assets. , its total asset valuation was approximately US$3.34 billion (MUR:95.7 billion), with shareholders' equity of about US$557.1 million (MUR:16 billion). SBM, together with its subsidiary businesses in Kenya, Mauritius, Madagascar and India, is known as \\\"SBM Group\\\". The stock of the group is listed on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius and is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7898887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of America\",\n \"text\": \"to numerous lawsuits and investigations regarding both mortgages and financial disclosures dating back to the 2008 financial crisis. Its corporate practices of servicing the middle class and wider banking community has yielded a substantial market share since the early 20th century. , Bank of America has a $313.5 billion market capitalization, making it the 13th largest company in the world. As the sixth largest American public company, it garnered $102.98 billion in sales . Bank of America was ranked #24 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Bank of America was named\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2228763\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Société Générale\",\n \"text\": \"Société Générale Société Générale S.A. (), often nicknamed \\\"SocGen\\\" (), is a French multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Paris, France. The company is a universal bank and has divisions supporting French Networks, Global Transaction Banking, International Retail Banking, Financial Services, Corporate and Investment Banking, Private Banking, Asset Management and Securities Services. Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets, sixth largest in Europe or seventeenth by market capitalization. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It is known as one of the \\\"Trois Vieilles\\\" (\\\"Old Three\\\") of French\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11480769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires\",\n \"text\": \"the 1980s, after the last dictatorship's economic policies saddled the economy with a lasting foreign debt crisis and malaise. Two of its former directors, Aldo Ferrer and Martín Lousteau, have also served as the nation's Ministers of the Economy. The bank today operates 342 branches and is Argentina's second-largest by deposits (holding US$10 billion, or, 8% of the total) and total assets, and the sixth-largest in lending with a US$5 billion loan portfolio (a 6% share). Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires The Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires () is a publicly owned Argentine bank and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13033023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Piraeus Bank\",\n \"text\": \"people, while the entire branch network numbers 564 units, with a presence in Greece. Piraeus Bank is in 2018 the leading Bank in Greece, in terms of assets, with 30% market share in terms of loans and second in liabilities with a 29% in terms of deposits. In terms of total assets, it is the largest bank but in term of market capitalisation it is the third largest after Alpha Bank and National Bank of Greece. Along with its organic growth during the decades of 1990 and 2000, Piraeus Bank made a series of strategic moves aiming to establish a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3258741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"TrustCo Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Home & City offices brought the total Branch locations to 53 throughout the Capital Region by the end of the decade. At the end of 1992, Robert A. McCormick was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Bank, total assets were $1.9 billion, net income was $17.5 million and market capitalization was $222 million. In July 2000 Trustco acquired a Savings Bank Charter and subsequently acquired Landmark Financial Corp. and its subsidiary, Landmark Community Bank, which was completed on July 28, 2000. Further expansion was made possible by an accompanying federal thrift charter. The Trustco Bank corporate headquarters relocated to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8902342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe\",\n \"text\": \"shareholders' equity. In late August 2018, the Government of Zimbabwe increased the shareholding and capitalization of the bank by US$150 million, increasing the bank's total assets to over US$330 million and shareholding to over US$200 million. As of September 2018, IDBZ's board of directors consisted of: As of September 2018, IDBZ's management team was: Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe The Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ) is a government-owned development bank in Zimbabwe, mandated to fund long and medium term funding for key infrastructure projects, including in the areas of transportation, housing, energy, ICT, water and sanitation. The headquarters of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20883572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here\",\n \"text\": \"The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here is the eighth full-length album by metalcore band Zao. It was released on June 13, 2006 on Ferret Records in the US and on June 12, 2006 in Europe. The album showcases the addition of drummer Jeff Gretz and bassist Martin Lunn. In interviews Gretz jokingly claimed it would be titled \\\"The George Lucas Neckfat\\\". The album was released in two versions. The limited edition deluxe edition contains expanded artwork and a bonus \\\"making the album\\\" DVD. Both versions contain the same music. Some pre-ordered copies\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7836826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here\",\n \"text\": \"melodic elements that were introduced on the album \\\"The Funeral of God\\\", it takes a somewhat raw, black metal-influenced sound. The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here The Fear Is What Keeps Us Here is the eighth full-length album by metalcore band Zao. It was released on June 13, 2006 on Ferret Records in the US and on June 12, 2006 in Europe. The album showcases the addition of drummer Jeff Gretz and bassist Martin Lunn. In interviews Gretz jokingly claimed it would be titled \\\"The George Lucas Neckfat\\\". The album was released in two versions. The limited edition deluxe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7836829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Market Bank\",\n \"text\": \"retailer shared in the ownership of a co-located bank. In 2006, SunTrust Banks, Inc., the successor of National Commerce Bancorporation, sold its interest in First Market to the Markel Corporation, a Richmond, VA based specialty property and casualty insurer. This move also brought the bank's headquarters to Richmond. By 2009, First Market operated 39 full-service branches, with 25 inside Ukrop’s Supermarkets. The bank had a geographic footprint including Richmond, Fredericksburg, Roanoke, and Williamsburg, VA. Assets totaled $1.4 billion, net loans totaled $1.0 billion, deposits totaled $1.2 billion, and shareholders’ equity totaled $125.1 million. On March 30, 2009, First Market Bank\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6205613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norinchukin Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Norinchukin Bank The Norinchukin Bank (also known as \\\"Nochu Bank\\\") is a Japanese cooperative bank serving over 5,612 agricultural, fishing and forestry cooperatives from its headquarters in Tokyo. The bank is one of Japan’s largest institutional investors with an investment portfolio of more than US$400 billion and assets exceeding US$840 billion. Through overseas branches located in New York City, London, and Singapore, the bank invests in bond, securitization product, stock, private equity, and real estate. Since huge assets as much as US$840 billion are managed by only around 3,200 employees, the bank is mainly engaged in asset management and large\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14081649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of China\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Big Four\\\" banks of the period: the Farmers Bank of China, Bank of Communications and Central Bank of the Republic of China. Its headquarters are in Xicheng District, Beijing. As of 31 December 2009, it was the second largest lender in China overall, and the 5th largest bank in the world by market capitalization value. The Bank of China's history began in 1905, when the Qing government established \\\"Daqing Hubu\\\" Bank () in Beijing, which was in 1908 renamed to \\\"Daqing\\\" Bank (). When the Republic of China was established in 1912, it was further renamed as Bank of China\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2055670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Australia Bank\",\n \"text\": \"National Australia Bank National Australia Bank (abbreviated NAB, branded nab) is one of the four largest financial institutions in Australia in terms of market capitalisation, earnings and customers. NAB was ranked 21st largest bank in the world measured by market capitalisation and 41st largest bank in the world as measured by total assets in 2014, falling to 49th largest in March 2016. NAB operated 1,590 branches and service centres; and 4,412 ATMs across Australia, New Zealand and Asia serving 12.7 million customers. NAB has a \\\"AA-\\\" long term issuer rating by Standard & Poor's. National Australia Bank was formed as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2862245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"At-the-market offering\",\n \"text\": \"with significant growth occurring after the 2008 financial crisis. Although this financing method has become particularly popular with small-cap life sciences issuers, large-capitalization companies such as Bank of America, Boston Properties and Ford Motor Company have recently employed ATM offerings as well. At-the-market offering An at-the-market (ATM) offering is a type of follow-on offering of stock utilized by publicly traded companies in order to raise capital over time. In an ATM offering, exchange-listed companies incrementally sell newly issued shares into the secondary trading market through a designated broker-dealer at prevailing market prices. The broker-dealer sells the issuing company's shares in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16904986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Capitalization-weighted index\",\n \"text\": \"Capitalization-weighted index A capitalization-weighted (or \\\"cap-weighted\\\") index, also called a market-value-weighted index is a stock market index whose components are weighted according to the total market value of their outstanding shares. Every day an individual stock's price changes and thereby changes a stock index's value. The impact that individual stock's price change has on the index is proportional to the company's overall market value (the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares), in a capitalization-weighted index. In other types of indices, different ratios are used. For example, the AMEX Composite Index (XAX) had more than 800 component stocks.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7525330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Standard Federal Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Standard Federal Bank Standard Federal Bank was a Troy, Michigan-based bank serving Michigan and Northern Indiana in the United States which was acquired by Bank of America on 5 May 2008. In 2005, Standard Federal was the largest bank in Michigan based on number of retail branches (265), ATMs (more than 1,000) and deposits (US 23.3B, 15.06% market share); it ranked second in assets. After ABN AMRO acquired it, the bank was renamed \\\"LaSalle Bank Midwest\\\" in 2005. Bank of America purchased the bank and its parent LaSalle Bank Corporation on October 1, 2007 and all branches were rebranded Bank\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5855896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Standard Federal Bank\",\n \"text\": \"under the Bank of America brand on May 5, 2008. Standard Federal Bank Standard Federal Bank was a Troy, Michigan-based bank serving Michigan and Northern Indiana in the United States which was acquired by Bank of America on 5 May 2008. In 2005, Standard Federal was the largest bank in Michigan based on number of retail branches (265), ATMs (more than 1,000) and deposits (US 23.3B, 15.06% market share); it ranked second in assets. After ABN AMRO acquired it, the bank was renamed \\\"LaSalle Bank Midwest\\\" in 2005. Bank of America purchased the bank and its parent LaSalle Bank Corporation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5855907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stock market\",\n \"text\": \"in various ways. One way is by the country where the company is domiciled. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are domiciled in Switzerland, so they may be considered as part of the Swiss stock market, although their stock may also be traded on exchanges in other countries, for example, as American depository receipts (ADRs) on U.S. stock markets. As of mid 2017, the size of the world stock market (total market capitalization) was about US$76.3 trillion. By country, the largest market was the United States (about 34%), followed by Japan (about 6%) and the United Kingdom (about 6%). These numbers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"627415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trade and Development Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Trade and Development Bank The Trade and Development Bank (TDB), formerly the PTA Bank, is a trade and development financial institution in Africa. The TDB is the financial arm of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), although membership is open to non-COMESA states and other institutional shareholders. As of December 2017, the TDB was a large financial institution with assets exceeding US$5.264 billion. The bank had 20 shareholders, with shareholders' equity in excess of US$1.021 billion. The Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Bank, also known as the TDB, was established on 6 November 1985 under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13347692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Banking in Italy\",\n \"text\": \"up by Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici in 1397. The earliest known state deposit bank, Banco di San Giorgio (Bank of St. George), was founded in 1407 at Genoa, Italy, while Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, founded in 1472, is the oldest surviving bank in the world. Unicredit is one of the largest bank in Europe by capitalization and Assicurazioni Generali is the seventh in the world by total assets Banking in Italy Banking in Italy has, as of 11 October 2008, an average leverage ratio (assets/liabilities) of 12 to 1, while the banks's short-term liabilities are equal to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10712844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Spire Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Spire Bank Spire Bank, formerly known as Equatorial Commercial Bank (ECB), is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Kenya, serving corporate clients, small and medium enterprises and individuals. , the bank's total assets were valued at about US$180 million (KES:15.562 billion), with shareholders' equity valued at about US$16 million (KES:1.371 billion). At that time, the bank was ranked number 27, by assets, out of 43 banks licensed in Kenya.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9842114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Public Bank Berhad\",\n \"text\": \"capitalization, just behind Maybank and third largest by total assets, behind Maybank and CIMB. Public Bank currently offers a comprehensive range of financial products and services which include personal banking, commercial banking, Islamic banking, investment banking, share broking, trustee services, nominee services, sale and management of unit trust funds, bancassurance and general insurance products. Public Bank's strategy is centered on growth in the retail banking business particularly on the retail consumers and small and medium enterprises (\\\"SMEs\\\"). The Public Bank Group is well known for its strong financial performance and consistent prudent management. It is consistently accorded with strong credit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4292827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Financial Bank (Ohio)\",\n \"text\": \"First Financial Bank (Ohio) First Financial Bancorp () is a regional bank headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, with its operations center in the northern Cincinnati, Tri-County area. Founded in 1863, First Financial has the sixth oldest national bank charter and has 110 locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and throughout Indiana. First Financial acquired Irwin Financial Corp and its subsidiaries through a government assisted transaction on September 18, 2009. As of April 2018, the company had $13 billion in assets and market capitalization of $2.6 billion. The Company's subsidiary, First Financial Bank, N.A., founded in 1863, provides banking and financial services products through\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14783948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Community Bank\",\n \"text\": \"First Community Bank First Community Bank (FCB), is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator. , the bank's total assets were valued at about US$130.85 million (KES:11.305 billion), with shareholders' equity of about US$14 million (KES:1.21 billion), and customer deposits of US$115 million (KES:9.932 billion). At that time, the bank was ranked number 33, by assets, out of 43 licensed banks in Kenya then. First Community Bank was established in 2007 according to Sharia law by private Muslim\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15095200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Société Générale\",\n \"text\": \"agreed to pay $50 million to settle a claim by the American government of fraudulent concealment of residential mortgage-backed securities quality. Société Générale Société Générale S.A. (), often nicknamed \\\"SocGen\\\" (), is a French multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Paris, France. The company is a universal bank and has divisions supporting French Networks, Global Transaction Banking, International Retail Banking, Financial Services, Corporate and Investment Banking, Private Banking, Asset Management and Securities Services. Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets, sixth largest in Europe or seventeenth by market capitalization. The company is a component\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11480808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commercial Bank of Dubai\",\n \"text\": \"Commercial Bank of Dubai Commercial Bank of Dubai (CBD) is a UAE banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Deira, Dubai. With more than $10 billion in assets, Gulf Business listed CBD as the 35th largest bank in the Persian Gulf region. It also figures in the Dubai Financial Market index. CBD was founded in 1969, by an Amiri Decree issued by the late Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum. What started out as a joint venture of Commerzbank, Chase Manhattan Bank and Commercial Bank of Kuwait, evolved into a National Public shareholding company by 1982. 80% of its shares are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18276636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"BNP Paribas\",\n \"text\": \"Bank of the West in the western United States and First Hawaiian Bank in Hawaii. BNP Paribas's Europe Mediterranean group also runs large retail banks in Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, and northern Africa. BNP Paribas is the largest bank in the Eurozone by total assets and second largest by market capitalization according to \\\"The Banker\\\" magazine, just behind Banco Santander. It employs over 189,000 people, according to the bank as of 31 December 2015, of which 147,000 work in Europe, and maintains a presence in 75 countries. In the United States, BNP Paribas owns BancWest, which in turn operates retail banking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2895836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Axis Bank\",\n \"text\": \"on the London Stock Exchange. The Bonds issued by the Bank under the MTN programme are listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Axis Bank Axis Bank is the third largest of the private-sector banks in India offering a comprehensive suite of financial products. The bank has its head office in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 3,703 branches, 13,814 ATMs, and nine international offices. The bank employs over 55,000 people and had a market capitalization of (as on March 31, 2018). It sells financial services to large and mid-size corporates, SME, and retail businesses. As of 30 Jun. 2016, 30.81% shares are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10671327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Development Bank of the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"Development Bank of the Philippines The Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) is a state-owned development bank headquartered in Makati City, the Philippines. It is the seventh-largest bank in the Philippines in terms of assets with assets of more than P483 billion as of 2016. It is the second-largest state-owned bank, next only to Landbank. It is also one of the largest government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) in the Philippines. It has 114 branches and 15 regional marketing centers across the country. Under its charter, DBP is classified as a development bank. It is primarily tasked to provide banking services\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4520696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"CRDB Bank\",\n \"text\": \"billion), with shareholders' equity of TZS:733.5 billion (US$323.1 million). At that time, CRDB owned an estimated 19.5 percent of the TZS:29.97 trillion total banking assets in the country at that time, making it the largest bank in Tanzania, based on total assets. In September 2013, CRDB Bank was the second-largest commercial bank in Tanzania, by assets, behind FBME Bank. It was also the second-best capitalized commercial bank, behind National Microfinance Bank. The shares of stock of CRDB Bank are listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, where they trade under the symbol \\\"CRDB\\\". CRDB Bank was formed when the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13083677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank () (), commonly called ADCB, is a bank in the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCB) was formed in 1985 as a public shareholding company with limited liability, upon merger of Emirates Commercial Bank and Federal Commercial Bank with Khaleej Commercial Bank, which was established in 1975. The Government of Abu Dhabi through the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) holds 65% of ADCB shares; the remainder is held by other institutions and individuals. ADCB is one of the largest in the UAE in terms of shareholder funds and market capitalization.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10204067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of Kigali\",\n \"text\": \"Bank of Kigali Bank of Kigali (BK) is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. The headquarters and main branch of the bank are located at 6112 KN4 Avenue, in Nyarugenge District, in the city of Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda. The geographical coordinates of the bank's headquarters are: 01°56'54.0\\\"S, 30°03'35.0\\\"E (Latitude:-1.948333; Longitude:30.059722). Bank of Kigali is the largest commercial bank in Rwanda, by total assets. As of 31 December 2017, the bank's total assets were valued at RWF: 727.2 billion (US$851.5\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14092008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reverential capitalization\",\n \"text\": \"rules given by their style manuals. Reverential capitalization is not to be used, for example, according to the style guidelines set by the Chicago Manual of Style or the Associated Press Stylebook. It is prescribed, for example, by the US Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008). This capitalization rule is also customarily applied in Tagalog and other languages of the Philippines, despite being considered nonstandard and inconsistent by purists who contend that this rule is applied only in English. Reverential capitalization Reverential capitalization is the practice of capitalizing words, particularly pronouns, that refer to a deity or divine being, in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17876850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bank of Cyprus\",\n \"text\": \"banking sector. The shares of the bank are listed on the Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE). The Bank is the largest listed company on the CSE in terms of market capitalization. Since October 8, 2007 the Bank of Cyprus has been part of the Cyprus 10 Index, which comprises the 10 largest companies in Cyprus. The Bank of Cyprus was also listed on the Athens Exchange since 2000 and had been part of the FTSE/Athex Large Cap index from 9 October 2006 until March 2013. However, in late 2016 it has announced plans to de-list from Athens on 9 January 2017\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8915963\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Axis Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Axis Bank Axis Bank is the third largest of the private-sector banks in India offering a comprehensive suite of financial products. The bank has its head office in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has 3,703 branches, 13,814 ATMs, and nine international offices. The bank employs over 55,000 people and had a market capitalization of (as on March 31, 2018). It sells financial services to large and mid-size corporates, SME, and retail businesses. As of 30 Jun. 2016, 30.81% shares are owned by promoters and promoter group (United India Insurance Company Limited, Oriental Insurance Company Limited, National Insurance Company Limited, New India Assurance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10671311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Bank of Canada\",\n \"text\": \"Royal Bank of Canada The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) is a Canadian multinational financial services company and the largest bank in Canada by market capitalization. The bank serves over 16 million clients and has 80,000 employees worldwide. The bank was founded in 1864 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, while its corporate headquarters are located in Montreal, Quebec and Toronto, Ontario. RBC's Institution Number (or bank number) is 003. In November 2017, RBC was added to the Financial Stability Board's list of global systemically important banks. In Canada, the bank's personal and commercial banking operations are branded as \\\"RBC Royal Bank\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3022866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Access Bank Rwanda\",\n \"text\": \"of April 2010, the bank maintains branches in the following locations: Access Bank Rwanda Access Bank Rwanda is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Rwanda. According to its web site, it is the fourth-largest commercial bank in the country, based on assets. , the bank's total assets were US$83.4 million (RWF:55.8 billion, with shareholders equity of about US$9.72 million (RWF:6.65 billion). The bank was first established in Rwanda in 1995, as Bancor SA, by a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14449428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Bank of Abu Dhabi\",\n \"text\": \"National Bank of Abu Dhabi National Bank of Abu Dhabi (NBAD) () is a bank operating in the United Arab Emirates. NBAD is the largest lender bank in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and in the United Arab Emirates. NBAD has the largest market capitalization among UAE banks. NBAD’s headquarters is 1 NBAD Tower in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The Bank will build a new headquarters in Abu Dhabi’s Al Maryah Island, which will house the future Abu Dhabi Financial District. NBAD’s line of businesses include a whole range of retail banking, corporate, wholesale and investment banking, wealth management and private\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15616140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Access Bank Rwanda\",\n \"text\": \"Access Bank Rwanda Access Bank Rwanda is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Rwanda. According to its web site, it is the fourth-largest commercial bank in the country, based on assets. , the bank's total assets were US$83.4 million (RWF:55.8 billion, with shareholders equity of about US$9.72 million (RWF:6.65 billion). The bank was first established in Rwanda in 1995, as Bancor SA, by a Ugandan investor. In 2000, after fourteen years of continuous successful banking\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14449426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dubai Islamic Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Dubai Islamic Bank The Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) is an Islamic bank in Dubai, established in 1975. It is the first Islamic bank to have incorporated the principles of Islam in all its practices and is the largest Islamic bank in the UAE. Established in 1975, Dubai Islamic Bank is the largest Islamic bank in the UAE by assets and a public joint stock company listed on the Dubai Financial Market. Spearheading the evolution of the global Islamic finance industry, DIB is also the world’s first full service Islamic bank and the third largest Islamic bank in the world. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6789960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trust Merchant Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Trust Merchant Bank Trust Merchant Bank or TMB, is an independent commercial bank based in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with its headquarters located in Lubumbashi. The bank began operations in 2004. TMB operates in all sectors of the local banking market, including in retail banking, SME banking, corporate banking, and mobile banking. The bank is regulated by the Central Bank of Congo and is a member of the Association Congolaise des Banques. Trust Merchant Bank is one of the DRC's largest banks as measured by regulatory equity, total assets and turnover. As of 31 December 2016, total assets\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15078313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiba Bank\",\n \"text\": \"Chiba Bank Chiba Bank is the third-largest of Japan’s 64 regional banking groups in terms of total assets. As of March 2008, it had total assets of ¥9.8 trillion and a loan portfolio topping ¥6.6 trillion, which also made it one of the world's 200 largest banks. It employs a full-time staff of 3,675. The bank is headquartered in Chiba Prefecture, which lies adjacent to Japan’s capital Tokyo on Tokyo Bay and has one of the most important industrial concentrations anywhere in Japan. Chiba Bank has a 36.6% market share of lending and a 23.0% share of all deposits in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4531810\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiba Bank\",\n \"text\": \"lending. Chiba Bank Chiba Bank is the third-largest of Japan’s 64 regional banking groups in terms of total assets. As of March 2008, it had total assets of ¥9.8 trillion and a loan portfolio topping ¥6.6 trillion, which also made it one of the world's 200 largest banks. It employs a full-time staff of 3,675. The bank is headquartered in Chiba Prefecture, which lies adjacent to Japan’s capital Tokyo on Tokyo Bay and has one of the most important industrial concentrations anywhere in Japan. Chiba Bank has a 36.6% market share of lending and a 23.0% share of all deposits\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4531812\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["morganchase","jp morgan chase","jpmorgan chase","morgan chase","j p morgan chase bank","j. p. morgan chase and co.","j.p. morgan chase and co.","j.p. morgan chase & company","j.p. morgan chase inc.","jp morgan chase bank","jpmorgan","jpmorgan chase","j.p. morgan chase bank","j.p. morganchase","emc mortgage corporation","collegiate funding services","jp morgan chase and co.","jpmorganchase","jp morgan chase & co","morgan and company","jpmochase","jpmorgan europe","jpmorgan chase bank, national association","jpmorgan chase bank","j.p. morgan chase & co.","jpmorgan chase & co","j.p. morgan chase","j. p. morgan chase","jpmorgan chase & company","jpmorgan chase & co.","j.p. morgan chase & co.","j. p. morgan bank","j.p.morgan europe","nyse:jpm","jp morgan chase & co.","jp morgan chase","jp morgan chase and co","jp morganchase","j.p. morgan chase & co","jpmorgan","beacon group","jpmorgan chase & co","jpmorgan chase bank, n.a.","jp morgan europe","jpmorgan chase","j.p. morgan & co. inc."],"string":"[\n \"morganchase\",\n \"jp morgan chase\",\n \"jpmorgan chase\",\n \"morgan chase\",\n \"j p morgan chase bank\",\n \"j. p. morgan chase and co.\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase and co.\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase & company\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase inc.\",\n \"jp morgan chase bank\",\n \"jpmorgan\",\n \"jpmorgan chase\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase bank\",\n \"j.p. morganchase\",\n \"emc mortgage corporation\",\n \"collegiate funding services\",\n \"jp morgan chase and co.\",\n \"jpmorganchase\",\n \"jp morgan chase & co\",\n \"morgan and company\",\n \"jpmochase\",\n \"jpmorgan europe\",\n \"jpmorgan chase bank, national association\",\n \"jpmorgan chase bank\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase & co.\",\n \"jpmorgan chase & co\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase\",\n \"j. p. morgan chase\",\n \"jpmorgan chase & company\",\n \"jpmorgan chase & co.\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase & co.\",\n \"j. p. morgan bank\",\n \"j.p.morgan europe\",\n \"nyse:jpm\",\n \"jp morgan chase & co.\",\n \"jp morgan chase\",\n \"jp morgan chase and co\",\n \"jp morganchase\",\n \"j.p. morgan chase & co\",\n \"jpmorgan\",\n \"beacon group\",\n \"jpmorgan chase & co\",\n \"jpmorgan chase bank, n.a.\",\n \"jp morgan europe\",\n \"jpmorgan chase\",\n \"j.p. morgan & co. inc.\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78598,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"not counting hybrid clubs, a standard golf club bag includes woods, wedges, chippers, putters, and what?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Golf club","text":"Golf club A golf club is a club used to hit a golf ball in a game of golf. Each club is composed of a shaft with a grip and a club head. Woods are mainly used for long-distance fairway or tee shots; irons, the most versatile class, are used for a variety of shots; hybrids that combine design elements of woods and irons are becoming increasingly popular; putters are used mainly on the green to roll the ball into the hole. A standard set consists of 14 golf clubs, and while there are traditional combinations sold at retail as","psg_id":"3480541"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"Golf club A golf club is a club used to hit a golf ball in a game of golf. Each club is composed of a shaft with a grip and a club head. Woods are mainly used for long-distance fairway or tee shots; irons, the most versatile class, are used for a variety of shots; hybrids that combine design elements of woods and irons are becoming increasingly popular; putters are used mainly on the green to roll the ball into the hole. A standard set consists of 14 golf clubs, and while there are traditional combinations sold at retail as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480541\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Golf club","text":"better distance. Each head has one face which contacts the ball during the stroke. Putters may have two striking faces, as long as they are identical and symmetrical. Some chippers (a club similar in appearance to a double-sided putter but having a loft of 35–45 degrees) have two faces, but are not legal. Page 135 of the 2009 USGA rules of golf states: The club head must have only one striking face, except that a putter may have two such faces if their characteristics are the same, and they are opposite each other. Page 127 of the USGA rules of","psg_id":"3480568"},{"title":"Hybrid (golf)","text":"is often used for long shots from difficult rough and for nearly any shot where the golfer would normally use a long iron but feels uncomfortable doing so. They also are direct replacements for fairway woods in most situations, but a fairway wood will have greater club speed and more roll for better distance. Because hybrids can assist in getting the player out of tricky situations such as tight lies, TaylorMade Golf chose to market their hybrid clubs as \"Rescue\" clubs. The most common hybrid lofts are 3-iron and 4-iron equivalents (the 1- and 2-iron are usually omitted from the","psg_id":"11057418"},{"title":"World Woods Golf Club","text":"more traditional layout. World Woods also sports a 22-acre, four-sided driving range, a 2.2-acre putting course, a nine-hole \"short\" executive course and a three-hole practice course. World Woods is a true golf course, with a minimalist clubhouse and snack bar with no on-site accommodations. World Woods is owned by Interfive Florida Corporation based in Nagoya, Japan. Interfive also owns two neighboring courses, Southern Woods Golf Club and Sugarmill Woods Golf Club, both located in Homosassa, Florida. World Woods Golf Club World Woods Golf Club is a golf destination facility located in Brooksville, Florida, in the United States. World Woods Golf","psg_id":"14130907"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"slows play considerably when both players need the same club. The most common set of men's clubs is: The above set is only 12 clubs; these (or equivalent hybrid substitutes) are found in virtually every golf bag. To this, players typically add two of the following: Women's club sets are similar in overall makeup, but typically have higher lofts and shorter, more flexible shafts in retail sets to accommodate the average female player's height and swing speed. Variations on this basic set abound; several club options usually exist for almost any shot depending on the player's skill level and playing","psg_id":"3480571"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"onto the green (chipping). There are five types of wedges, with lofts ranging from 45° to 64°: pitching wedge (PW, 48–50°), gap wedge (GW, also \"approach\", \"attack\", \"utility\", or \"dual\" wedge, typically 52–54°), sand wedge (SW, 55–56°), lob wedge (LW, 58°–60°), and ultra lob wedge (sometimes called the \"flop wedge\" or FW, 64°–68°). \"Hybrids\" are a cross between a wood and an iron, giving these clubs the wood's long distance and higher launch, with the iron's familiar swing. The club head of a hybrid has a wood-inspired, slightly convex face, and is typically hollow like modern metal woods to allow","psg_id":"3480551"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"the center of mass of the overall club head, but for these minute adjustments, screw-in weighted inserts at specific points on the club head are usually used instead. The rules of golf limit each player to a maximum of 14 clubs in their bag. Strict rules prohibit sharing of clubs between players that each have their own set (if two players share clubs, they may not have more than 14 clubs combined), and while occasional lending of a club to a player is generally overlooked, habitual borrowing of other players' clubs or the sharing of a single bag of clubs","psg_id":"3480570"},{"title":"World Woods Golf Club","text":"World Woods Golf Club World Woods Golf Club is a golf destination facility located in Brooksville, Florida, in the United States. World Woods Golf Club comprises two Tom Fazio designed championship courses that opened for play in 1991. The two golf courses, the Pine Barrens and the Rolling Oaks, are distinctively different from each other. The Pine Barrens features rolling terrain with wide open fairways surrounded by vast sand waste bunkers. Pine Barrens is reminiscent of Pine Valley Golf Club located in New Jersey. The Rolling Oaks course, adjacent to Pine Barrens, is dotted with mature oak trees and a","psg_id":"14130906"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"the rough and fringe and drop it on the green, where it will then roll like a putt. This club replaces the use of a high-lofted iron to make the same shot, and allows the player to make the shot from a stance and with a motion nearly identical to a putt, which is more difficult with a lofted iron due to a difference in lie angle. Most chippers have a loft greater than 10 degrees, which is the maximum loft permitted by the Rules of Golf for a club to be classed as a putter, so these clubs are","psg_id":"3480555"},{"title":"Bettinardi Golf","text":"Bettinardi Golf Bettinardi Golf is an American Golf Club company that was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Bettinardi. Bettinardi Golf is primarily known for making high-end, precision milled putters that are made in the United States of America. Additionally, Bettinardi Golf sells wedges, belt buckles, and other milled accessories. Robert Bettinardi started his work in the putting industry in December 1991 when he walked into a golf shop and saw an advertisement from Callaway for a putter that was milled on a Bridgeport milling machine. At the time, Bettinardi owned his own manufacturing facility with CNC (computer numerical control)","psg_id":"18956240"},{"title":"Cleveland Golf","text":"Cleveland Golf Cleveland Golf is a brand owned by SRI Sports Limited, a subsidiary of Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., specializing in golf equipment. Based in Huntington Beach, California, Cleveland Golf began as a company known for producing replicas of classic golf clubs. Roger Cleveland founded the company, which was first called Cleveland Classics, in 1979. Persimmon woods like the TC15 became very popular on Tour, as did many Cleveland wedges. The most played wedge was the brand’s fifth design released in 1988 – the 588. To this day, the 588 wedge is one of the best selling golf clubs of","psg_id":"9874943"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"allowing faster club-head speeds. Woods are the longest clubs and the most powerful of all the golf clubs. There are typically three to four woods in a set which are used from the tee box and, if on a long hole, possibly for the second or even third shot. The biggest wood, known as the \"driver\" or \"one wood\", is often made of hollowed out titanium with feather-light shafts. The length of the woods has been increasing in recent decades, and a typical driver with a graphite shaft is now long. The woods may also have very large heads, up","psg_id":"3480546"},{"title":"Obsolete golf clubs","text":"Obsolete golf clubs Early golf clubs were all made of wood. They were hand-crafted, often by the players themselves, and had no standard shape or form. As the sport of golf developed, a standard set of clubs began to take shape, with different clubs being fashioned to perform different tasks and hit various types of shot. Later, as more malleable iron became widely used for shorter-range clubs, an even wider variety of clubs became available. Many of the clubs manufactured between 1901 and 1935 came from Scotland, but more and more started coming from larger US manufacturers. These early clubs","psg_id":"10715149"},{"title":"Obsolete golf clubs","text":"reversed and a few strokes were played. Obsolete golf clubs Early golf clubs were all made of wood. They were hand-crafted, often by the players themselves, and had no standard shape or form. As the sport of golf developed, a standard set of clubs began to take shape, with different clubs being fashioned to perform different tasks and hit various types of shot. Later, as more malleable iron became widely used for shorter-range clubs, an even wider variety of clubs became available. Many of the clubs manufactured between 1901 and 1935 came from Scotland, but more and more started coming","psg_id":"10715153"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"swing. The club heads were often made from woods including apple, pear, dogwood, and beech in the early times until persimmon became the main material. Golf clubs have been improved and the shafts are now made of steel, titanium, other types of metals or carbon fiber. The shaft is a tapered steel tube or a series of stepped steel tubes in telescopic fashion. This has improved the accuracy of golfers. The grips of the clubs are made from leather or rubber. \"Woods\" are long-distance clubs, meant to drive the ball a great distance down the fairway towards the hole. They","psg_id":"3480544"},{"title":"Professional Putters Association","text":"Professional Putters Association The Professional Putters Association (PPA) was started in 1959 by Don Clayton, the founder of Putt-Putt Golf, in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Originally begun as the Professional Putt-Putt Golfers Association in 1959, the name was changed in 1960 to the Professional Putters Association. The organization was formed to provide tournaments and competition for those who viewed putting as a sport. Since 1959, the PPA has held a National Championship Tournament. The PPA has awarded over $8,000,000 in prize money over the past 52 years. The Putt-Putt Golf Courses Championship TV series has become the longest running syndicated sports","psg_id":"9485765"},{"title":"Golf equipment","text":"for rigidity and to separate clubs of various types for easier selection. More expensive bags have sleeves or pockets within the main compartment for each individual club, allowing for the desired club to be more easily removed from the bag and then returned without interference from the grips of the other clubs or internal hardware of the bag. Golf carts are vehicles used to transport golf bags and golfers along the golf course during a round of golf. Hand carts are designed to hold only the bag, and are used by players while walking along the course to relieve them","psg_id":"10644229"},{"title":"Cleveland Golf","text":"HiBore, in 2006. Cleveland has endorsement deals with many professional golfers playing on all the major tours. PGA Tour European Tour Web.com Tour Champions Tour LPGA Tour Cleveland Golf Cleveland Golf is a brand owned by SRI Sports Limited, a subsidiary of Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., specializing in golf equipment. Based in Huntington Beach, California, Cleveland Golf began as a company known for producing replicas of classic golf clubs. Roger Cleveland founded the company, which was first called Cleveland Classics, in 1979. Persimmon woods like the TC15 became very popular on Tour, as did many Cleveland wedges. The most played","psg_id":"9874946"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"speed on a lower-loft iron and/or placing the ball further forward in their stance to get the same carry distance and/or launch angle as the next higher loft number. The ruling authorities of golf, The R&A (an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the United States Golf Association (USGA), reserve the right to define what shapes and physical characteristics of clubs are permissible in tournament play. The current rules for club design, including the results of various rulings on clubs introduced for play, are defined in Appendix II of the Rules of Golf. The","psg_id":"3480576"},{"title":"Augusta National Golf Club","text":"Lee Elder participated in the 1975 Tournament. Tiger Woods would become the first person of color to win the tournament in 1997. He and Vijay Singh are the only people of color to win the tournament. In 2018, Augusta National Golf Club was voted the number one Platinum Club of the World, Golf & Country Clubs by the election conducted by Club Leaders Forum. On April 4, 2018, Fred Ridley, in his first major appearance as chairman of Augusta National Golf Club, announced that the Augusta National Women's Amateur Championship would start in 2019. The tournament will take place a","psg_id":"3132449"},{"title":"Hawks Nest Golf Club","text":"bush walking and fishing. The clubhouse is air-conditioned and has wheelchair access and some outside smoking areas, and is open seven days a week from 10am. The fully licensed clubhouse includes a bar, bistro, coffee shop and a pro shop. Pro Shop is operated by Head Professional Andrew McCormack. Lessons, Apparel, Golf Clubs and accessories Available. Golf Carts and Golf Clubs for hire. Hawks Nest Golf Club Hawks Nest Golf Club is a championship rated 18-hole golf course with an Australian Curse Rating of 71 in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the home of the","psg_id":"8003994"},{"title":"Wood (golf)","text":"lowering the center of gravity. Wood (golf) A wood is a type of club used in the sport of golf. Woods have longer shafts and larger, rounder heads than other club types, and are used to hit the ball longer distances than other types. Woods are so called because, traditionally, they had a club head that was made from hardwood, generally persimmon, but modern clubs have heads made from metal, for example titanium, or composite materials, such as carbon fiber. Some golf enthusiasts refer to these as \"metals\" or \"metal woods\" but this change in terminology is not strictly necessary,","psg_id":"11062700"},{"title":"Wood (golf)","text":"Wood (golf) A wood is a type of club used in the sport of golf. Woods have longer shafts and larger, rounder heads than other club types, and are used to hit the ball longer distances than other types. Woods are so called because, traditionally, they had a club head that was made from hardwood, generally persimmon, but modern clubs have heads made from metal, for example titanium, or composite materials, such as carbon fiber. Some golf enthusiasts refer to these as \"metals\" or \"metal woods\" but this change in terminology is not strictly necessary, because while the material has","psg_id":"11062669"},{"title":"John Erickson (golfer)","text":"the last players to win an international event using a persimmon driver. In 1991, Erickson was a Sony World ranked professional player. In November 2008, Erickson made a return to professional competition and the winner's circle taking home a 7 stroke victory in the Las Vegas Classic Club Open played at Las Vegas National Golf Club which hosted the Las Vegas Invitational on the PGA Tour throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The event was unique in that it required players to use equipment no later than 1979. No metal woods, long putters, or wedges over 56 degrees were allowed. The","psg_id":"11887661"},{"title":"Professional Putters Association","text":"2005 - Greg Ward surpasses Alan Quinnelly as the sport's all-time leading money winner. Professional Putters Association The Professional Putters Association (PPA) was started in 1959 by Don Clayton, the founder of Putt-Putt Golf, in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Originally begun as the Professional Putt-Putt Golfers Association in 1959, the name was changed in 1960 to the Professional Putters Association. The organization was formed to provide tournaments and competition for those who viewed putting as a sport. Since 1959, the PPA has held a National Championship Tournament. The PPA has awarded over $8,000,000 in prize money over the past 52 years.","psg_id":"9485769"},{"title":"Portmarnock Golf Club","text":"a discriminating club under Section 8 of the ESA. Women are only able to play at the north Dublin course, but are not granted the ability to become a full member. Pormarnock Golf Club is one of only two top golf clubs in Ireland that still prohibits women from becoming members. The 2019 Amateur Championship will be staged at Portmarnock, having been allocated the tournament before a review by the Royal & Ancient of their policy around assigning events to clubs which only admit men as members. Portmarnock Golf Club Portmarnock Golf Club is a links golf club in Portmarnock,","psg_id":"12598638"},{"title":"Trump National Golf Club (Washington, D.C.)","text":"Trump National Golf Club (Washington, D.C.) Trump National Golf Club, Washington, D.C. is an private golf club in the eastern United States, at Lowes Island in Potomac Falls, Virginia, northwest of Washington, D.C. It is part of the Trump chain of golf clubs that includes clubs in Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Bedminster. The club contains two 18-hole golf courses, both par 72. The Championship Course was designed by Tom Fazio, and the Riverview course was added in 1999, when the club was still known as the Lowes Island Club. The Riverview Course abuts the Potomac River and was originally designed","psg_id":"18876778"},{"title":"Royal Liverpool Golf Club","text":"margin in this event. In doing this she scored a 64 in her second round to set a new ladies' course record and a score that was the lowest seen at Royal Liverpool in a major championship event. The previous record had been held by Tiger Woods, Ernie Els, Sergio Garcia and Chris DiMarco, who all scored 65s during the 2006 Open Championship. The twelve winners of The Open Championship at Royal Liverpool Golf Club: Royal Liverpool Golf Club The Royal Liverpool Golf Club is a golf club in Wirral in England. It was founded in 1869 on what was","psg_id":"4665205"},{"title":"Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge","text":"Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge The Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge is one of two golf clubs in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; the other being City Golf Club Toowoomba. Toowoomba Golf Club is situated in the suburb of Middle Ridge, and its address is 235-323 Rowbotham Street. Toowoomba Golf Club, Middle Ridge, is a sports club with an 18-hole championship golf course and its clubhouse includes areas for functions, one being a private room and the other a deck with views across the course. The clubhouse hosts \"Ridges\" – a 150-seat restaurant. The clubhouse bar and deck overlook the kikuyu fairways","psg_id":"18381761"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"older clubs were \"grandfathered in\" and allowed to remain in play as part of the settlement. However, the USGA has begun phasing in a ban on square grooves in golf. Manufacturers were required to discontinue noncompliant clubs by January 1, 2011. According to the USGA, as January 1, 2010, professional golfers on one of the top tours, or those attempting to qualify for one of the three Open Championships (since then four) will need to use new conforming wedges (those without square grooves). Moreover, those who plan to qualify for any other USGA championship (Amateur championships -- under 18, Amateur,","psg_id":"3480582"},{"title":"Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge","text":"in September 2011. The women's course record was set in June 2014 when 14-year-old Darcy Habgood scored a one-under round of 72. Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge The Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge is one of two golf clubs in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; the other being City Golf Club Toowoomba. Toowoomba Golf Club is situated in the suburb of Middle Ridge, and its address is 235-323 Rowbotham Street. Toowoomba Golf Club, Middle Ridge, is a sports club with an 18-hole championship golf course and its clubhouse includes areas for functions, one being a private room and the other a deck","psg_id":"18381765"},{"title":"History of golf","text":"issued to prevent playing Kolf in the streets of Albany due to too many windows being broken. Evidence of early golf in what is now the United States includes a 1739 record for a shipment of golf equipment to a William Wallace in Charleston, South Carolina, an advertisement published in the \"Royal Gazette\" of New York City in 1779 for golf clubs and balls, and the establishment of the South Carolina Golf Club in 1787 in Charleston. However, as in England, it was not until the late 19th century that golf started to become firmly established. Several clubs established in","psg_id":"7197317"},{"title":"Hazeltine National Golf Club","text":"U.S. Open) was threatened by the development of a freeway. After that club rejected plans for a new course, Heffelfinger met with Robert Trent Jones to design the golf course. The course was originally named \"The Executive Golf Club\" and was initially intended to be part of a series of Executive Golf Clubs around the country. However, the name was not favorable and the other clubs did not materialize. The founders decided to call the new course Hazeltine National Golf club in honor of the adjoining Lake Hazeltine. The course opened for play to club members in 1962. Heffelfinger's ultimate","psg_id":"5558807"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"be fitted with dozens of different shafts, each with slight variation in behavior, creating the potential for a much better fit for the average golfer. The grip of the club is attached to the opposite end of the shaft from the club head, and is the part of the club the player holds on to while swinging. Originally, the grip was composed of one or more leather strips wrapped around the shaft. The leather outer wrap on a grip is still seen on some clubs, most commonly putters, but most modern grips are a one-piece \"sleeve\" made of rubber, synthetic","psg_id":"3480563"},{"title":"Bettinardi Golf","text":"his own again. In 2009, Robert Bettinardi set out on his own again to craft Bettinardi putters branded as such. Since the partnership ended, Bettinardi Golf has earned 10 victories on the PGA Tour, and 3 on the Champions Tour. Most notably and presently, Matt Kuchar, Fred Couples, Jim Herman, Brian Gay, Edoardo Molinari, and Steven Bowditch use their putters. PGA Tour Wins: U.S. PGA TOUR CHAMPIONS TOUR SUNSHINE TOUR EUROPEAN TOUR U.S. LPGA TOUR Bettinardi Golf Bettinardi Golf is an American Golf Club company that was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Bettinardi. Bettinardi Golf is primarily known for","psg_id":"18956244"},{"title":"Rosedale Golf Club","text":"Canada. Other clubs in Toronto: Rosedale Golf Club Rosedale Golf Club is a private golf club in Toronto. Founded in 1893 in Moore Park as a 9 hole course and moved to Rosedale, Toronto in 1895-1896 on what is now Rosedale Field. It was a 15 acres eighteen hole course that ran along Highland Avenue from just west of the Rosedale Field to as far as Glen Road and just north of Summerhill Avenue. This location was short lived as the land was owned by The Scottish Ontario and Manitoba Land Company and the area was being acquired to become","psg_id":"11682212"},{"title":"Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club","text":"Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club The Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club is a private golf club and golf course comprising two 18-hole courses located in Old Deer Park in Richmond, south west London. The course lies in an arc of Crown Estate land on the east bank of the River Thames which includes Kew Gardens to the north and other parts of Old Deer Park to the south. The Old Deer Park sports ground, used by London Welsh RFC and other clubs, borders the east of the course. Within the boundaries of the golf course lies the Grade I listed Kew Observatory,","psg_id":"16851953"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"generally have a large head and a long shaft for maximum club speed. Historically woods were made from persimmon wood although some manufacturers—notably Ping—developed laminated woods. In 1979, TaylorMade Golf introduced the first metal wood made of steel. Even more recently manufacturers have started using materials such as carbon fiber, titanium, or scandium. Even though most \"woods\" are made from different metals, they are still called \"woods\" to denote the general shape and their intended use on the golf course. Most woods made today have a graphite shaft and a mostly-hollow titanium, composite, or steel head, of relatively light weight","psg_id":"3480545"},{"title":"London Scottish Golf Club","text":"to Royal St Georges in Sandwich. In 1881 a split within the club between military and civilian members led to the creation by the civilians of what is now Royal Wimbledon Golf Club. The two clubs shared the course until 1907, when Royal Wimbledon members built their own new course just off the common. The following year Wimbledon Common Golf Club was founded, and began to share the old course on the common with London Scottish. That arrangement has continued to the present day. Although the clubs are entirely separate, with their own clubhouses and different starting points, they work","psg_id":"16095420"},{"title":"Standard Club","text":"land. Today, the five buildings that form the headquarters of AT&T Mobility form a circle overlooking what was once the club's golf course and its lake. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek. Standard Club The Standard Club is a private country club, founded as the Concordia Association in 1867. Originally located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, the club is now located in the northern suburb of Johns Creek. The club started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. Their premises, the 1892 Concordia Hall, are still standing in the Hotel Row","psg_id":"16104053"},{"title":"History of golf","text":"the 1880s can make claim to be the oldest extant in the country, but what is not disputed is that as a result of two competing \"National Amateur Championships\" being played in 1894, delegates from the Newport Country Club, Saint Andrew's Golf Club, Yonkers, New York, The Country Club, Chicago Golf Club, and Shinnecock Hills Golf Club met in New York City to form what was to become the United States Golf Association (USGA). By 1910 there were 267 clubs. During the Roaring Twenties the game expanded greatly in popularity and by 1932 there were over 1,100 golf clubs affiliated","psg_id":"7197318"},{"title":"Punta Brava Golf Club","text":"to feel it, to realize how special it is, how beautiful it is, and what you can do with it. As soon as I got on site, I was in.\" When describing the vision of the course design to \"Forbes\", Tucker remarked \"When you have a site surrounded on three sides by ocean and a golf architect (Tiger Woods) that completely integrates it by designing 17 tees or greens on/adjacent to the ocean… you have the opportunity to create something special–a true golf club.\" Punta Brava Golf Course will be a 6,835-yard par-70 course. The club will also have lodging","psg_id":"16061124"},{"title":"Sheshan Golf Club","text":"its outstanding course and club. The course was featured in EA Sports Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2014. Sheshan Golf Club Sheshan Golf Club () is the first premier private golf club in Shanghai, China. Founded in 2004, the 18 hole golf course plays to a par of 72 and is designed by Nelson and Haworth Design, and spans over 7,266 yards (6,531 meters). Every year, the club plays host to the WGC-HSBC Champions, and is currently the only club to host the Championship. Sheshan Golf Club was awarded the Best Golf Course in China by","psg_id":"13480393"},{"title":"Blue Wedges","text":"Blue Wedges Blue Wedges is a conservation organisation in conflict with Australia's Victorian government policy to deepen shipping channels in Port Phillip and the large scale development of Ramsar listed Westernport. The Blue Wedges is a coalition of over 65 environmental and bay user groups opposed to development in the Melbourne Bays that they deem to be unsustainable, such as the Port of Melbourne Corporation's Channel Deepening Project. The Blue Wedges Coalition includes angling groups and peak bodies, professional fishing associations, diving and charter operators along with the more traditional coastal protection groups and bayside industry sectors. The Blue Wedges","psg_id":"8614890"},{"title":"Royal Musselburgh Golf Club","text":"Royal Musselburgh Golf Club The Royal Musselburgh Golf Club is a golf club at Prestongrange House, Prestongrange near Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotland, on the B1361. Between 1774 and 1926, the club was based at Levenhall Links, Musselburgh. The first golf clubs were founded in the 18th century. The first was the Royal Blackheath Golf Club, instituted in 1706, followed by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers in 1744, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in 1754, and the Royal Musselburgh Golf Club in 1774. These clubs gradually accepted some responsibility for the links on which they played.","psg_id":"12061096"},{"title":"Iron (golf)","text":"loft angle in degrees, their bounce angle either in degrees or in a \"low-medium-high\" marking system, and an indication of the \"sole grind\", variations of which make the club more suitable for different types of shots. This system allows more flexibility in club selection and use, as one player might consider a club of a particular angle for a different basic job than the majority of players would. For instance, a player might regard both a 50° and a 54° wedge in their bag as gap wedges, and so choose clubs with lower bounce angles, then add a 58° wedge","psg_id":"11062819"},{"title":"San Francisco Golf Club","text":"San Francisco Golf Club The San Francisco Golf Club is an athletic club and private social club in San Francisco, California, with a portion of the course extending into neighboring Daly City. It is one of the most exclusive private membership clubs in the United States. In Golfdigest's 2015-2016 ranking of America's best golf courses, San Francisco Golf Club secured the 35th best course. The San Francisco Golf Club was one of seven golf clubs West of the Allegheny Mountains when it was founded in 1885. It had its beginning at the Presidio of San Francisco as a nine-hole course.","psg_id":"18646989"},{"title":"Mount Bruno Golf Club","text":"Mount Bruno Golf Club Mount Bruno Golf Club is a private club located in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada. It is reputed to be one of the most exclusive golf clubs in Canada, and it has hosted the Canadian Open twice: The course was originally designed by Willie Park, Jr., later renovated by Stanley Thompson and Tom McBroom. It has members from all over the world. Its mountain terrain is difficult because the ball often breaks in the opposite direction from what golfers are expecting. The signature hole is the 13th, a 435-yard, par 4, which is located at the highest point","psg_id":"14469098"},{"title":"Reykjavik Golf Club","text":"Reykjavik Golf Club The Reykjavik Golf Club is a golf club located 10 km east of Reykjavik, Iceland. The club was established in 1934 and is the oldest and largest golf club in Iceland. It has hosted many European and Scandinavian tournaments including major events such as the European Youth and European Seniors Tour Championships. It was originally named Golf Club Iceland since it was the only golf club in Iceland at the time. However, as other clubs opened such as Akureyri Golf Club in 1935 and Westman Islands Golf Club in 1938, the name was changed to Reykjavik Golf","psg_id":"19629677"},{"title":"Panmure Golf Club","text":"it had the highest winning score of all three qualifiers having a 36 hole score of -5, as opposed to around -9 or -10 at the other 2 courses. Panmure Golf Club Panmure Golf Club is a golf club close to the village of Barry, Angus, Scotland. It is one of the clubs that originally helped purchase the Amateur Championship trophy, and is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world, dating back to 1845. It is a private club that plays over the Barry Links, and is sometimes referred to as \"Barry\" or \"Panmure Barry\". Due to its","psg_id":"9219321"},{"title":"Panmure Golf Club","text":"Panmure Golf Club Panmure Golf Club is a golf club close to the village of Barry, Angus, Scotland. It is one of the clubs that originally helped purchase the Amateur Championship trophy, and is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world, dating back to 1845. It is a private club that plays over the Barry Links, and is sometimes referred to as \"Barry\" or \"Panmure Barry\". Due to its location next to Carnoustie it is often overlooked by visitors, and with the number of members limited to 500 it is one of the most underplayed courses in Scotland.","psg_id":"9219317"},{"title":"Elie Golf Club","text":"Elie Golf Club Elie Golf Club, also known as Earlsferry Links Golf Course, is a coastal links golf club in Elie and Earlsferry, Fife, Scotland. Only about ten miles from the \"spiritual home of golf\" at The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, golf has been played here since at least 1589, when a royal charter was passed granting villagers permission to use the links. The formal club, the Elie and Earlsferry Golf Club, dates to 1832 and is one of the oldest golf clubs in the United Kingdom. The current course, a par 70 6251-yard course, was","psg_id":"18142681"},{"title":"Broomieknowe Golf Club","text":"between Edinburgh at the Scottish Borders. The new course opened in 1995 measuring 6150 yards. The current course has a standard scratch of 70 with a competition standard scratch of 69. Broomieknowe Golf Club Broomieknowe Golf Club is a parkland golf club in Bonnyrigg, Midlothian, Scotland. The golf club was formed in 1905 with the golf course opening in April 1906. The original course was designed by North Berwick professional golfer Ben Sayers, consisting of 18 holes and measuring 4740 yards. In 1933, golf course architect and professional James Braid redesigned the course to take advantage of new land, and","psg_id":"12500164"},{"title":"Detroit Golf Club","text":"Detroit Golf Club The Detroit Golf Club (abbreviated to DGC) is a private golf club located in Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan in the middle of a neighborhood area on north side of the city near the University of Detroit Mercy and Palmer Woods Historic District. Bert Way designed the original 6-hole course, then it gradually improved to 9 holes, and finally Donald Ross built the current 36-hole course. The club grounds crew maintains two courses. The North and the South Course. The head pro is Jon Gates. Detroit Golf Club will host the Rocket Mortgage Classic, a new annual PGA","psg_id":"14707161"},{"title":"The Golf Club","text":"sequel was announced, The Golf Club 2, which is set to release in Spring 2017. The Golf Club was conceived in Q1/Q2 2013 after the cancellation of Tiger Woods PGA Tour 15 on which HB Studios were due to work. The team's philosophy is focused on delivering an accessible, high quality, social and customizable golf experience with minimal to zero loading times. In early February 2014, HB Studios announced that The Golf Club would be appearing on Steam and they used that platform when The Golf Club entered Closed BETA later in the month. On August 12, HB Studios announced","psg_id":"17872421"},{"title":"Sheshan Golf Club","text":"Sheshan Golf Club Sheshan Golf Club () is the first premier private golf club in Shanghai, China. Founded in 2004, the 18 hole golf course plays to a par of 72 and is designed by Nelson and Haworth Design, and spans over 7,266 yards (6,531 meters). Every year, the club plays host to the WGC-HSBC Champions, and is currently the only club to host the Championship. Sheshan Golf Club was awarded the Best Golf Course in China by \"Golf Digest\" in 2013 and currently tops of the list of Top Clubs in China by \"Golf Magazine\". Sheshan has played host","psg_id":"13480389"},{"title":"Golf club","text":"it has made. Newer putters also include grooves on the face to promote roll rather than a skid off the impact. This increases rolling distance and reduces bouncing over the turf. Putters are the only class of club allowed to have certain features, such as two striking faces, non-circular grip cross-sections, bent shafts or hosels, and appendages designed primarily to aid players' aim. Present in some golfers' bags is the \"chipper\", a club designed to feel like a putter but with a more lofted face, used with a putting motion to lift the ball out of the higher grass of","psg_id":"3480554"},{"title":"Minneapolis Golf Club","text":"Minneapolis Golf Club Minneapolis Golf Club is a golf club located in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Designed by Willie Park, Jr. and Donald Ross, the Minneapolis golf course opened in 1916. The club hosted the U.S. Amateur in 1950 as well as the PGA Championship in 1959, which Bob Rosburg won. In 1916, there were only two golf clubs in Minneapolis, Minikahda Country Club and Interlachen Country Club In early 1916, five members of the Minneapolis Athletic Club set plans to establish another golf club to meet the growing popularity of the game. By July,","psg_id":"12616911"},{"title":"King James VI Golf Club","text":"Jimmy\" took on the Elie and Earlsferry Golf Club, which had also been founded in 1858. In 1884 a team from King James VI took part in the first inter-club golf match played in Ireland, against the Royal Belfast Club. King James members later set up some holes on a barren stretch of coastline near the village of Portrush, and were the first to play on what is now a world-famous links course. King James VI shared the 10-hole North Inch course with various other local golf clubs until 1897, when it migrated to its current setting on Moncreiffe Island.","psg_id":"11276940"},{"title":"Royal Sydney Golf Club","text":"Royal Sydney Golf Club The Royal Sydney Golf Club is golf club in Rose Bay, New South Wales, Australia, a suburb of Sydney. Founded in 1893, Royal Sydney is one of Australia’s premier sporting and social clubs. It features an 18 hole Championship Course, a 9 hole Centenary Course, two golf practice areas, a golf teaching studio, 18 tennis courts, two bowling greens, two croquet lawns, a squash court, a Fitness Centre as well as an elegant Clubhouse. It has hosted the Australian Open on 15 occasions between 1906 and 2016. Royal Sydney was one of the earliest golf clubs","psg_id":"17525157"},{"title":"Obsolete golf clubs","text":"had hickory shafts and wrapped leather grips. To secure the joins between the shaft and the head of the club, and between the grip and the shaft, whipping of black, waxed linen thread was used. Pre-1900 clubs (smooth-faced gutty era) used 7-ply thread. Clubs from the era 1900 to 1935 required 4-ply thread. From 1924 golf clubs started to be manufactured with shafts of steel, pyratone, aluminum, and fiberglass or resin; many of them were given a wood-look coating. Wooden clubs generally had a metal base-plate and were made heavier with a lead insert into the back of the head;","psg_id":"10715150"},{"title":"The Heritage Golf and Country Club","text":"outskirts of the Melbourne metropolitan area. It is situated in the heart of the Yarra Valley region, renowned for its extensive range of vineyards and wineries. The Heritage Golf and Country Club is located in the suburb of Chirnside Park, and adjacent to suburbs of Wonga Park and Christmas Hills. The \"Henley\" Golf Course is located in Christmas Hills, across the Yarra River. \"The Yarra Valley Lodge\" is operated by Austpac Hotels & Resorts. It opened in 2002 and the three-storey complex includes 96 standard rooms, six deluxe suites, the \"Bella Restaurant\", and numerous function rooms, including Marmion Ballroom, which","psg_id":"8678201"},{"title":"Chippers Leap","text":"on the highway is available 100 metres to the west, just before a new sign \"Perth Hills'. It is listed on the Places Database of the Heritage Council of Western Australia, but is not afforded legislative protection. There are plaques at other sites from the same year placed by the Western Australian Historical Society, one can be found at the Round House in Fremantle There are similar granite outcrops in this area of the Darling Scarp in John Forrest National Park to the north, and to the south Darlington, and Boya, Western Australia Chippers Leap Chippers Leap, formerly known as","psg_id":"6965121"},{"title":"Chicago Golf Club","text":"Golf Club: Chicago Golf Club Chicago Golf Club is a private golf club in the central United States, located in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago. The oldest 18-hole course in North America, it was one of the five founding clubs of the United States Golf Association (USGA) in 1894. The club has hosted several prominent events, including multiple U.S. Opens and Walker Cups, and was founded by renowned course designer and World Golf Hall of Fame member Charles B. Macdonald. In July 2018, the club hosted the inaugural U.S. Senior Women's Open, the newly created 14th USGA national","psg_id":"5626452"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"better distance. Each head has one face which contacts the ball during the stroke. Putters may have two striking faces, as long as they are identical and symmetrical. Some chippers (a club similar in appearance to a double-sided putter but having a loft of 35–45 degrees) have two faces, but are not legal. Page 135 of the 2009 USGA rules of golf states: The club head must have only one striking face, except that a putter may have two such faces if their characteristics are the same, and they are opposite each other. Page 127 of the USGA rules of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hybrid (golf)\",\n \"text\": \"is often used for long shots from difficult rough and for nearly any shot where the golfer would normally use a long iron but feels uncomfortable doing so. They also are direct replacements for fairway woods in most situations, but a fairway wood will have greater club speed and more roll for better distance. Because hybrids can assist in getting the player out of tricky situations such as tight lies, TaylorMade Golf chose to market their hybrid clubs as \\\"Rescue\\\" clubs. The most common hybrid lofts are 3-iron and 4-iron equivalents (the 1- and 2-iron are usually omitted from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11057418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"World Woods Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"more traditional layout. World Woods also sports a 22-acre, four-sided driving range, a 2.2-acre putting course, a nine-hole \\\"short\\\" executive course and a three-hole practice course. World Woods is a true golf course, with a minimalist clubhouse and snack bar with no on-site accommodations. World Woods is owned by Interfive Florida Corporation based in Nagoya, Japan. Interfive also owns two neighboring courses, Southern Woods Golf Club and Sugarmill Woods Golf Club, both located in Homosassa, Florida. World Woods Golf Club World Woods Golf Club is a golf destination facility located in Brooksville, Florida, in the United States. World Woods Golf\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14130907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"slows play considerably when both players need the same club. The most common set of men's clubs is: The above set is only 12 clubs; these (or equivalent hybrid substitutes) are found in virtually every golf bag. To this, players typically add two of the following: Women's club sets are similar in overall makeup, but typically have higher lofts and shorter, more flexible shafts in retail sets to accommodate the average female player's height and swing speed. Variations on this basic set abound; several club options usually exist for almost any shot depending on the player's skill level and playing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"onto the green (chipping). There are five types of wedges, with lofts ranging from 45° to 64°: pitching wedge (PW, 48–50°), gap wedge (GW, also \\\"approach\\\", \\\"attack\\\", \\\"utility\\\", or \\\"dual\\\" wedge, typically 52–54°), sand wedge (SW, 55–56°), lob wedge (LW, 58°–60°), and ultra lob wedge (sometimes called the \\\"flop wedge\\\" or FW, 64°–68°). \\\"Hybrids\\\" are a cross between a wood and an iron, giving these clubs the wood's long distance and higher launch, with the iron's familiar swing. The club head of a hybrid has a wood-inspired, slightly convex face, and is typically hollow like modern metal woods to allow\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"the center of mass of the overall club head, but for these minute adjustments, screw-in weighted inserts at specific points on the club head are usually used instead. The rules of golf limit each player to a maximum of 14 clubs in their bag. Strict rules prohibit sharing of clubs between players that each have their own set (if two players share clubs, they may not have more than 14 clubs combined), and while occasional lending of a club to a player is generally overlooked, habitual borrowing of other players' clubs or the sharing of a single bag of clubs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"World Woods Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"World Woods Golf Club World Woods Golf Club is a golf destination facility located in Brooksville, Florida, in the United States. World Woods Golf Club comprises two Tom Fazio designed championship courses that opened for play in 1991. The two golf courses, the Pine Barrens and the Rolling Oaks, are distinctively different from each other. The Pine Barrens features rolling terrain with wide open fairways surrounded by vast sand waste bunkers. Pine Barrens is reminiscent of Pine Valley Golf Club located in New Jersey. The Rolling Oaks course, adjacent to Pine Barrens, is dotted with mature oak trees and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14130906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"the rough and fringe and drop it on the green, where it will then roll like a putt. This club replaces the use of a high-lofted iron to make the same shot, and allows the player to make the shot from a stance and with a motion nearly identical to a putt, which is more difficult with a lofted iron due to a difference in lie angle. Most chippers have a loft greater than 10 degrees, which is the maximum loft permitted by the Rules of Golf for a club to be classed as a putter, so these clubs are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bettinardi Golf\",\n \"text\": \"Bettinardi Golf Bettinardi Golf is an American Golf Club company that was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Bettinardi. Bettinardi Golf is primarily known for making high-end, precision milled putters that are made in the United States of America. Additionally, Bettinardi Golf sells wedges, belt buckles, and other milled accessories. Robert Bettinardi started his work in the putting industry in December 1991 when he walked into a golf shop and saw an advertisement from Callaway for a putter that was milled on a Bridgeport milling machine. At the time, Bettinardi owned his own manufacturing facility with CNC (computer numerical control)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18956240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cleveland Golf\",\n \"text\": \"Cleveland Golf Cleveland Golf is a brand owned by SRI Sports Limited, a subsidiary of Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., specializing in golf equipment. Based in Huntington Beach, California, Cleveland Golf began as a company known for producing replicas of classic golf clubs. Roger Cleveland founded the company, which was first called Cleveland Classics, in 1979. Persimmon woods like the TC15 became very popular on Tour, as did many Cleveland wedges. The most played wedge was the brand’s fifth design released in 1988 – the 588. To this day, the 588 wedge is one of the best selling golf clubs of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9874943\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"allowing faster club-head speeds. Woods are the longest clubs and the most powerful of all the golf clubs. There are typically three to four woods in a set which are used from the tee box and, if on a long hole, possibly for the second or even third shot. The biggest wood, known as the \\\"driver\\\" or \\\"one wood\\\", is often made of hollowed out titanium with feather-light shafts. The length of the woods has been increasing in recent decades, and a typical driver with a graphite shaft is now long. The woods may also have very large heads, up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Obsolete golf clubs\",\n \"text\": \"Obsolete golf clubs Early golf clubs were all made of wood. They were hand-crafted, often by the players themselves, and had no standard shape or form. As the sport of golf developed, a standard set of clubs began to take shape, with different clubs being fashioned to perform different tasks and hit various types of shot. Later, as more malleable iron became widely used for shorter-range clubs, an even wider variety of clubs became available. Many of the clubs manufactured between 1901 and 1935 came from Scotland, but more and more started coming from larger US manufacturers. These early clubs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10715149\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Obsolete golf clubs\",\n \"text\": \"reversed and a few strokes were played. Obsolete golf clubs Early golf clubs were all made of wood. They were hand-crafted, often by the players themselves, and had no standard shape or form. As the sport of golf developed, a standard set of clubs began to take shape, with different clubs being fashioned to perform different tasks and hit various types of shot. Later, as more malleable iron became widely used for shorter-range clubs, an even wider variety of clubs became available. Many of the clubs manufactured between 1901 and 1935 came from Scotland, but more and more started coming\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10715153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"swing. The club heads were often made from woods including apple, pear, dogwood, and beech in the early times until persimmon became the main material. Golf clubs have been improved and the shafts are now made of steel, titanium, other types of metals or carbon fiber. The shaft is a tapered steel tube or a series of stepped steel tubes in telescopic fashion. This has improved the accuracy of golfers. The grips of the clubs are made from leather or rubber. \\\"Woods\\\" are long-distance clubs, meant to drive the ball a great distance down the fairway towards the hole. They\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Professional Putters Association\",\n \"text\": \"Professional Putters Association The Professional Putters Association (PPA) was started in 1959 by Don Clayton, the founder of Putt-Putt Golf, in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Originally begun as the Professional Putt-Putt Golfers Association in 1959, the name was changed in 1960 to the Professional Putters Association. The organization was formed to provide tournaments and competition for those who viewed putting as a sport. Since 1959, the PPA has held a National Championship Tournament. The PPA has awarded over $8,000,000 in prize money over the past 52 years. The Putt-Putt Golf Courses Championship TV series has become the longest running syndicated sports\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9485765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf equipment\",\n \"text\": \"for rigidity and to separate clubs of various types for easier selection. More expensive bags have sleeves or pockets within the main compartment for each individual club, allowing for the desired club to be more easily removed from the bag and then returned without interference from the grips of the other clubs or internal hardware of the bag. Golf carts are vehicles used to transport golf bags and golfers along the golf course during a round of golf. Hand carts are designed to hold only the bag, and are used by players while walking along the course to relieve them\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10644229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cleveland Golf\",\n \"text\": \"HiBore, in 2006. Cleveland has endorsement deals with many professional golfers playing on all the major tours. PGA Tour European Tour Web.com Tour Champions Tour LPGA Tour Cleveland Golf Cleveland Golf is a brand owned by SRI Sports Limited, a subsidiary of Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., specializing in golf equipment. Based in Huntington Beach, California, Cleveland Golf began as a company known for producing replicas of classic golf clubs. Roger Cleveland founded the company, which was first called Cleveland Classics, in 1979. Persimmon woods like the TC15 became very popular on Tour, as did many Cleveland wedges. The most played\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9874946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"speed on a lower-loft iron and/or placing the ball further forward in their stance to get the same carry distance and/or launch angle as the next higher loft number. The ruling authorities of golf, The R&A (an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the United States Golf Association (USGA), reserve the right to define what shapes and physical characteristics of clubs are permissible in tournament play. The current rules for club design, including the results of various rulings on clubs introduced for play, are defined in Appendix II of the Rules of Golf. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Augusta National Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Lee Elder participated in the 1975 Tournament. Tiger Woods would become the first person of color to win the tournament in 1997. He and Vijay Singh are the only people of color to win the tournament. In 2018, Augusta National Golf Club was voted the number one Platinum Club of the World, Golf & Country Clubs by the election conducted by Club Leaders Forum. On April 4, 2018, Fred Ridley, in his first major appearance as chairman of Augusta National Golf Club, announced that the Augusta National Women's Amateur Championship would start in 2019. The tournament will take place a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3132449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hawks Nest Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"bush walking and fishing. The clubhouse is air-conditioned and has wheelchair access and some outside smoking areas, and is open seven days a week from 10am. The fully licensed clubhouse includes a bar, bistro, coffee shop and a pro shop. Pro Shop is operated by Head Professional Andrew McCormack. Lessons, Apparel, Golf Clubs and accessories Available. Golf Carts and Golf Clubs for hire. Hawks Nest Golf Club Hawks Nest Golf Club is a championship rated 18-hole golf course with an Australian Curse Rating of 71 in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the home of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8003994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wood (golf)\",\n \"text\": \"lowering the center of gravity. Wood (golf) A wood is a type of club used in the sport of golf. Woods have longer shafts and larger, rounder heads than other club types, and are used to hit the ball longer distances than other types. Woods are so called because, traditionally, they had a club head that was made from hardwood, generally persimmon, but modern clubs have heads made from metal, for example titanium, or composite materials, such as carbon fiber. Some golf enthusiasts refer to these as \\\"metals\\\" or \\\"metal woods\\\" but this change in terminology is not strictly necessary,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11062700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wood (golf)\",\n \"text\": \"Wood (golf) A wood is a type of club used in the sport of golf. Woods have longer shafts and larger, rounder heads than other club types, and are used to hit the ball longer distances than other types. Woods are so called because, traditionally, they had a club head that was made from hardwood, generally persimmon, but modern clubs have heads made from metal, for example titanium, or composite materials, such as carbon fiber. Some golf enthusiasts refer to these as \\\"metals\\\" or \\\"metal woods\\\" but this change in terminology is not strictly necessary, because while the material has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11062669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Erickson (golfer)\",\n \"text\": \"the last players to win an international event using a persimmon driver. In 1991, Erickson was a Sony World ranked professional player. In November 2008, Erickson made a return to professional competition and the winner's circle taking home a 7 stroke victory in the Las Vegas Classic Club Open played at Las Vegas National Golf Club which hosted the Las Vegas Invitational on the PGA Tour throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The event was unique in that it required players to use equipment no later than 1979. No metal woods, long putters, or wedges over 56 degrees were allowed. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11887661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Professional Putters Association\",\n \"text\": \"2005 - Greg Ward surpasses Alan Quinnelly as the sport's all-time leading money winner. Professional Putters Association The Professional Putters Association (PPA) was started in 1959 by Don Clayton, the founder of Putt-Putt Golf, in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Originally begun as the Professional Putt-Putt Golfers Association in 1959, the name was changed in 1960 to the Professional Putters Association. The organization was formed to provide tournaments and competition for those who viewed putting as a sport. Since 1959, the PPA has held a National Championship Tournament. The PPA has awarded over $8,000,000 in prize money over the past 52 years.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9485769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Portmarnock Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"a discriminating club under Section 8 of the ESA. Women are only able to play at the north Dublin course, but are not granted the ability to become a full member. Pormarnock Golf Club is one of only two top golf clubs in Ireland that still prohibits women from becoming members. The 2019 Amateur Championship will be staged at Portmarnock, having been allocated the tournament before a review by the Royal & Ancient of their policy around assigning events to clubs which only admit men as members. Portmarnock Golf Club Portmarnock Golf Club is a links golf club in Portmarnock,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12598638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trump National Golf Club (Washington, D.C.)\",\n \"text\": \"Trump National Golf Club (Washington, D.C.) Trump National Golf Club, Washington, D.C. is an private golf club in the eastern United States, at Lowes Island in Potomac Falls, Virginia, northwest of Washington, D.C. It is part of the Trump chain of golf clubs that includes clubs in Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Bedminster. The club contains two 18-hole golf courses, both par 72. The Championship Course was designed by Tom Fazio, and the Riverview course was added in 1999, when the club was still known as the Lowes Island Club. The Riverview Course abuts the Potomac River and was originally designed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18876778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Liverpool Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"margin in this event. In doing this she scored a 64 in her second round to set a new ladies' course record and a score that was the lowest seen at Royal Liverpool in a major championship event. The previous record had been held by Tiger Woods, Ernie Els, Sergio Garcia and Chris DiMarco, who all scored 65s during the 2006 Open Championship. The twelve winners of The Open Championship at Royal Liverpool Golf Club: Royal Liverpool Golf Club The Royal Liverpool Golf Club is a golf club in Wirral in England. It was founded in 1869 on what was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4665205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge\",\n \"text\": \"Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge The Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge is one of two golf clubs in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; the other being City Golf Club Toowoomba. Toowoomba Golf Club is situated in the suburb of Middle Ridge, and its address is 235-323 Rowbotham Street. Toowoomba Golf Club, Middle Ridge, is a sports club with an 18-hole championship golf course and its clubhouse includes areas for functions, one being a private room and the other a deck with views across the course. The clubhouse hosts \\\"Ridges\\\" – a 150-seat restaurant. The clubhouse bar and deck overlook the kikuyu fairways\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18381761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"older clubs were \\\"grandfathered in\\\" and allowed to remain in play as part of the settlement. However, the USGA has begun phasing in a ban on square grooves in golf. Manufacturers were required to discontinue noncompliant clubs by January 1, 2011. According to the USGA, as January 1, 2010, professional golfers on one of the top tours, or those attempting to qualify for one of the three Open Championships (since then four) will need to use new conforming wedges (those without square grooves). Moreover, those who plan to qualify for any other USGA championship (Amateur championships -- under 18, Amateur,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge\",\n \"text\": \"in September 2011. The women's course record was set in June 2014 when 14-year-old Darcy Habgood scored a one-under round of 72. Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge The Toowoomba Golf Club Middle Ridge is one of two golf clubs in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; the other being City Golf Club Toowoomba. Toowoomba Golf Club is situated in the suburb of Middle Ridge, and its address is 235-323 Rowbotham Street. Toowoomba Golf Club, Middle Ridge, is a sports club with an 18-hole championship golf course and its clubhouse includes areas for functions, one being a private room and the other a deck\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18381765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of golf\",\n \"text\": \"issued to prevent playing Kolf in the streets of Albany due to too many windows being broken. Evidence of early golf in what is now the United States includes a 1739 record for a shipment of golf equipment to a William Wallace in Charleston, South Carolina, an advertisement published in the \\\"Royal Gazette\\\" of New York City in 1779 for golf clubs and balls, and the establishment of the South Carolina Golf Club in 1787 in Charleston. However, as in England, it was not until the late 19th century that golf started to become firmly established. Several clubs established in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7197317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hazeltine National Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. Open) was threatened by the development of a freeway. After that club rejected plans for a new course, Heffelfinger met with Robert Trent Jones to design the golf course. The course was originally named \\\"The Executive Golf Club\\\" and was initially intended to be part of a series of Executive Golf Clubs around the country. However, the name was not favorable and the other clubs did not materialize. The founders decided to call the new course Hazeltine National Golf club in honor of the adjoining Lake Hazeltine. The course opened for play to club members in 1962. Heffelfinger's ultimate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5558807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"be fitted with dozens of different shafts, each with slight variation in behavior, creating the potential for a much better fit for the average golfer. The grip of the club is attached to the opposite end of the shaft from the club head, and is the part of the club the player holds on to while swinging. Originally, the grip was composed of one or more leather strips wrapped around the shaft. The leather outer wrap on a grip is still seen on some clubs, most commonly putters, but most modern grips are a one-piece \\\"sleeve\\\" made of rubber, synthetic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bettinardi Golf\",\n \"text\": \"his own again. In 2009, Robert Bettinardi set out on his own again to craft Bettinardi putters branded as such. Since the partnership ended, Bettinardi Golf has earned 10 victories on the PGA Tour, and 3 on the Champions Tour. Most notably and presently, Matt Kuchar, Fred Couples, Jim Herman, Brian Gay, Edoardo Molinari, and Steven Bowditch use their putters. PGA Tour Wins: U.S. PGA TOUR CHAMPIONS TOUR SUNSHINE TOUR EUROPEAN TOUR U.S. LPGA TOUR Bettinardi Golf Bettinardi Golf is an American Golf Club company that was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Bettinardi. Bettinardi Golf is primarily known for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18956244\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rosedale Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Canada. Other clubs in Toronto: Rosedale Golf Club Rosedale Golf Club is a private golf club in Toronto. Founded in 1893 in Moore Park as a 9 hole course and moved to Rosedale, Toronto in 1895-1896 on what is now Rosedale Field. It was a 15 acres eighteen hole course that ran along Highland Avenue from just west of the Rosedale Field to as far as Glen Road and just north of Summerhill Avenue. This location was short lived as the land was owned by The Scottish Ontario and Manitoba Land Company and the area was being acquired to become\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11682212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club The Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club is a private golf club and golf course comprising two 18-hole courses located in Old Deer Park in Richmond, south west London. The course lies in an arc of Crown Estate land on the east bank of the River Thames which includes Kew Gardens to the north and other parts of Old Deer Park to the south. The Old Deer Park sports ground, used by London Welsh RFC and other clubs, borders the east of the course. Within the boundaries of the golf course lies the Grade I listed Kew Observatory,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16851953\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"generally have a large head and a long shaft for maximum club speed. Historically woods were made from persimmon wood although some manufacturers—notably Ping—developed laminated woods. In 1979, TaylorMade Golf introduced the first metal wood made of steel. Even more recently manufacturers have started using materials such as carbon fiber, titanium, or scandium. Even though most \\\"woods\\\" are made from different metals, they are still called \\\"woods\\\" to denote the general shape and their intended use on the golf course. Most woods made today have a graphite shaft and a mostly-hollow titanium, composite, or steel head, of relatively light weight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"London Scottish Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"to Royal St Georges in Sandwich. In 1881 a split within the club between military and civilian members led to the creation by the civilians of what is now Royal Wimbledon Golf Club. The two clubs shared the course until 1907, when Royal Wimbledon members built their own new course just off the common. The following year Wimbledon Common Golf Club was founded, and began to share the old course on the common with London Scottish. That arrangement has continued to the present day. Although the clubs are entirely separate, with their own clubhouses and different starting points, they work\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16095420\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Standard Club\",\n \"text\": \"land. Today, the five buildings that form the headquarters of AT&T Mobility form a circle overlooking what was once the club's golf course and its lake. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek. Standard Club The Standard Club is a private country club, founded as the Concordia Association in 1867. Originally located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, the club is now located in the northern suburb of Johns Creek. The club started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. Their premises, the 1892 Concordia Hall, are still standing in the Hotel Row\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16104053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of golf\",\n \"text\": \"the 1880s can make claim to be the oldest extant in the country, but what is not disputed is that as a result of two competing \\\"National Amateur Championships\\\" being played in 1894, delegates from the Newport Country Club, Saint Andrew's Golf Club, Yonkers, New York, The Country Club, Chicago Golf Club, and Shinnecock Hills Golf Club met in New York City to form what was to become the United States Golf Association (USGA). By 1910 there were 267 clubs. During the Roaring Twenties the game expanded greatly in popularity and by 1932 there were over 1,100 golf clubs affiliated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7197318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Punta Brava Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"to feel it, to realize how special it is, how beautiful it is, and what you can do with it. As soon as I got on site, I was in.\\\" When describing the vision of the course design to \\\"Forbes\\\", Tucker remarked \\\"When you have a site surrounded on three sides by ocean and a golf architect (Tiger Woods) that completely integrates it by designing 17 tees or greens on/adjacent to the ocean… you have the opportunity to create something special–a true golf club.\\\" Punta Brava Golf Course will be a 6,835-yard par-70 course. The club will also have lodging\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16061124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sheshan Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"its outstanding course and club. The course was featured in EA Sports Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2014. Sheshan Golf Club Sheshan Golf Club () is the first premier private golf club in Shanghai, China. Founded in 2004, the 18 hole golf course plays to a par of 72 and is designed by Nelson and Haworth Design, and spans over 7,266 yards (6,531 meters). Every year, the club plays host to the WGC-HSBC Champions, and is currently the only club to host the Championship. Sheshan Golf Club was awarded the Best Golf Course in China by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13480393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blue Wedges\",\n \"text\": \"Blue Wedges Blue Wedges is a conservation organisation in conflict with Australia's Victorian government policy to deepen shipping channels in Port Phillip and the large scale development of Ramsar listed Westernport. The Blue Wedges is a coalition of over 65 environmental and bay user groups opposed to development in the Melbourne Bays that they deem to be unsustainable, such as the Port of Melbourne Corporation's Channel Deepening Project. The Blue Wedges Coalition includes angling groups and peak bodies, professional fishing associations, diving and charter operators along with the more traditional coastal protection groups and bayside industry sectors. The Blue Wedges\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8614890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Musselburgh Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Royal Musselburgh Golf Club The Royal Musselburgh Golf Club is a golf club at Prestongrange House, Prestongrange near Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotland, on the B1361. Between 1774 and 1926, the club was based at Levenhall Links, Musselburgh. The first golf clubs were founded in the 18th century. The first was the Royal Blackheath Golf Club, instituted in 1706, followed by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers in 1744, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in 1754, and the Royal Musselburgh Golf Club in 1774. These clubs gradually accepted some responsibility for the links on which they played.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12061096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iron (golf)\",\n \"text\": \"loft angle in degrees, their bounce angle either in degrees or in a \\\"low-medium-high\\\" marking system, and an indication of the \\\"sole grind\\\", variations of which make the club more suitable for different types of shots. This system allows more flexibility in club selection and use, as one player might consider a club of a particular angle for a different basic job than the majority of players would. For instance, a player might regard both a 50° and a 54° wedge in their bag as gap wedges, and so choose clubs with lower bounce angles, then add a 58° wedge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11062819\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"San Francisco Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"San Francisco Golf Club The San Francisco Golf Club is an athletic club and private social club in San Francisco, California, with a portion of the course extending into neighboring Daly City. It is one of the most exclusive private membership clubs in the United States. In Golfdigest's 2015-2016 ranking of America's best golf courses, San Francisco Golf Club secured the 35th best course. The San Francisco Golf Club was one of seven golf clubs West of the Allegheny Mountains when it was founded in 1885. It had its beginning at the Presidio of San Francisco as a nine-hole course.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18646989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mount Bruno Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Bruno Golf Club Mount Bruno Golf Club is a private club located in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada. It is reputed to be one of the most exclusive golf clubs in Canada, and it has hosted the Canadian Open twice: The course was originally designed by Willie Park, Jr., later renovated by Stanley Thompson and Tom McBroom. It has members from all over the world. Its mountain terrain is difficult because the ball often breaks in the opposite direction from what golfers are expecting. The signature hole is the 13th, a 435-yard, par 4, which is located at the highest point\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14469098\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reykjavik Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Reykjavik Golf Club The Reykjavik Golf Club is a golf club located 10 km east of Reykjavik, Iceland. The club was established in 1934 and is the oldest and largest golf club in Iceland. It has hosted many European and Scandinavian tournaments including major events such as the European Youth and European Seniors Tour Championships. It was originally named Golf Club Iceland since it was the only golf club in Iceland at the time. However, as other clubs opened such as Akureyri Golf Club in 1935 and Westman Islands Golf Club in 1938, the name was changed to Reykjavik Golf\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19629677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Panmure Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"it had the highest winning score of all three qualifiers having a 36 hole score of -5, as opposed to around -9 or -10 at the other 2 courses. Panmure Golf Club Panmure Golf Club is a golf club close to the village of Barry, Angus, Scotland. It is one of the clubs that originally helped purchase the Amateur Championship trophy, and is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world, dating back to 1845. It is a private club that plays over the Barry Links, and is sometimes referred to as \\\"Barry\\\" or \\\"Panmure Barry\\\". Due to its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9219321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Panmure Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Panmure Golf Club Panmure Golf Club is a golf club close to the village of Barry, Angus, Scotland. It is one of the clubs that originally helped purchase the Amateur Championship trophy, and is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world, dating back to 1845. It is a private club that plays over the Barry Links, and is sometimes referred to as \\\"Barry\\\" or \\\"Panmure Barry\\\". Due to its location next to Carnoustie it is often overlooked by visitors, and with the number of members limited to 500 it is one of the most underplayed courses in Scotland.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9219317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elie Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Elie Golf Club Elie Golf Club, also known as Earlsferry Links Golf Course, is a coastal links golf club in Elie and Earlsferry, Fife, Scotland. Only about ten miles from the \\\"spiritual home of golf\\\" at The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, golf has been played here since at least 1589, when a royal charter was passed granting villagers permission to use the links. The formal club, the Elie and Earlsferry Golf Club, dates to 1832 and is one of the oldest golf clubs in the United Kingdom. The current course, a par 70 6251-yard course, was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18142681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Broomieknowe Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"between Edinburgh at the Scottish Borders. The new course opened in 1995 measuring 6150 yards. The current course has a standard scratch of 70 with a competition standard scratch of 69. Broomieknowe Golf Club Broomieknowe Golf Club is a parkland golf club in Bonnyrigg, Midlothian, Scotland. The golf club was formed in 1905 with the golf course opening in April 1906. The original course was designed by North Berwick professional golfer Ben Sayers, consisting of 18 holes and measuring 4740 yards. In 1933, golf course architect and professional James Braid redesigned the course to take advantage of new land, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12500164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Detroit Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Detroit Golf Club The Detroit Golf Club (abbreviated to DGC) is a private golf club located in Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan in the middle of a neighborhood area on north side of the city near the University of Detroit Mercy and Palmer Woods Historic District. Bert Way designed the original 6-hole course, then it gradually improved to 9 holes, and finally Donald Ross built the current 36-hole course. The club grounds crew maintains two courses. The North and the South Course. The head pro is Jon Gates. Detroit Golf Club will host the Rocket Mortgage Classic, a new annual PGA\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14707161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"sequel was announced, The Golf Club 2, which is set to release in Spring 2017. The Golf Club was conceived in Q1/Q2 2013 after the cancellation of Tiger Woods PGA Tour 15 on which HB Studios were due to work. The team's philosophy is focused on delivering an accessible, high quality, social and customizable golf experience with minimal to zero loading times. In early February 2014, HB Studios announced that The Golf Club would be appearing on Steam and they used that platform when The Golf Club entered Closed BETA later in the month. On August 12, HB Studios announced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17872421\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sheshan Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Sheshan Golf Club Sheshan Golf Club () is the first premier private golf club in Shanghai, China. Founded in 2004, the 18 hole golf course plays to a par of 72 and is designed by Nelson and Haworth Design, and spans over 7,266 yards (6,531 meters). Every year, the club plays host to the WGC-HSBC Champions, and is currently the only club to host the Championship. Sheshan Golf Club was awarded the Best Golf Course in China by \\\"Golf Digest\\\" in 2013 and currently tops of the list of Top Clubs in China by \\\"Golf Magazine\\\". Sheshan has played host\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13480389\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Golf club\",\n \"text\": \"it has made. Newer putters also include grooves on the face to promote roll rather than a skid off the impact. This increases rolling distance and reduces bouncing over the turf. Putters are the only class of club allowed to have certain features, such as two striking faces, non-circular grip cross-sections, bent shafts or hosels, and appendages designed primarily to aid players' aim. Present in some golfers' bags is the \\\"chipper\\\", a club designed to feel like a putter but with a more lofted face, used with a putting motion to lift the ball out of the higher grass of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3480554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Minneapolis Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Minneapolis Golf Club Minneapolis Golf Club is a golf club located in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Designed by Willie Park, Jr. and Donald Ross, the Minneapolis golf course opened in 1916. The club hosted the U.S. Amateur in 1950 as well as the PGA Championship in 1959, which Bob Rosburg won. In 1916, there were only two golf clubs in Minneapolis, Minikahda Country Club and Interlachen Country Club In early 1916, five members of the Minneapolis Athletic Club set plans to establish another golf club to meet the growing popularity of the game. By July,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12616911\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"King James VI Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Jimmy\\\" took on the Elie and Earlsferry Golf Club, which had also been founded in 1858. In 1884 a team from King James VI took part in the first inter-club golf match played in Ireland, against the Royal Belfast Club. King James members later set up some holes on a barren stretch of coastline near the village of Portrush, and were the first to play on what is now a world-famous links course. King James VI shared the 10-hole North Inch course with various other local golf clubs until 1897, when it migrated to its current setting on Moncreiffe Island.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11276940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Royal Sydney Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Royal Sydney Golf Club The Royal Sydney Golf Club is golf club in Rose Bay, New South Wales, Australia, a suburb of Sydney. Founded in 1893, Royal Sydney is one of Australia’s premier sporting and social clubs. It features an 18 hole Championship Course, a 9 hole Centenary Course, two golf practice areas, a golf teaching studio, 18 tennis courts, two bowling greens, two croquet lawns, a squash court, a Fitness Centre as well as an elegant Clubhouse. It has hosted the Australian Open on 15 occasions between 1906 and 2016. Royal Sydney was one of the earliest golf clubs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17525157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Obsolete golf clubs\",\n \"text\": \"had hickory shafts and wrapped leather grips. To secure the joins between the shaft and the head of the club, and between the grip and the shaft, whipping of black, waxed linen thread was used. Pre-1900 clubs (smooth-faced gutty era) used 7-ply thread. Clubs from the era 1900 to 1935 required 4-ply thread. From 1924 golf clubs started to be manufactured with shafts of steel, pyratone, aluminum, and fiberglass or resin; many of them were given a wood-look coating. Wooden clubs generally had a metal base-plate and were made heavier with a lead insert into the back of the head;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10715150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Heritage Golf and Country Club\",\n \"text\": \"outskirts of the Melbourne metropolitan area. It is situated in the heart of the Yarra Valley region, renowned for its extensive range of vineyards and wineries. The Heritage Golf and Country Club is located in the suburb of Chirnside Park, and adjacent to suburbs of Wonga Park and Christmas Hills. The \\\"Henley\\\" Golf Course is located in Christmas Hills, across the Yarra River. \\\"The Yarra Valley Lodge\\\" is operated by Austpac Hotels & Resorts. It opened in 2002 and the three-storey complex includes 96 standard rooms, six deluxe suites, the \\\"Bella Restaurant\\\", and numerous function rooms, including Marmion Ballroom, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8678201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chippers Leap\",\n \"text\": \"on the highway is available 100 metres to the west, just before a new sign \\\"Perth Hills'. It is listed on the Places Database of the Heritage Council of Western Australia, but is not afforded legislative protection. There are plaques at other sites from the same year placed by the Western Australian Historical Society, one can be found at the Round House in Fremantle There are similar granite outcrops in this area of the Darling Scarp in John Forrest National Park to the north, and to the south Darlington, and Boya, Western Australia Chippers Leap Chippers Leap, formerly known as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6965121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chicago Golf Club\",\n \"text\": \"Golf Club: Chicago Golf Club Chicago Golf Club is a private golf club in the central United States, located in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago. The oldest 18-hole course in North America, it was one of the five founding clubs of the United States Golf Association (USGA) in 1894. The club has hosted several prominent events, including multiple U.S. Opens and Walker Cups, and was founded by renowned course designer and World Golf Hall of Fame member Charles B. Macdonald. In July 2018, the club hosted the inaugural U.S. Senior Women's Open, the newly created 14th USGA national\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5626452\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["irons","irons (disambiguation)","irons (surname)"],"string":"[\n \"irons\",\n \"irons (disambiguation)\",\n \"irons (surname)\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":78599,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"used to carry oxygen throughout your body, you create billions of new red blood cells every day. where in your body are those red blood cells created?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. Packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that have been donated, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusion. Almost all vertebrates, including all mammals and humans, have red blood cells. Red blood cells","psg_id":"766106"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. Packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that have been donated, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusion. Almost all vertebrates, including all mammals and humans, have red blood cells. Red blood cells\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766106\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"are cells present in blood in order to transport oxygen. The only known vertebrates without red blood cells are the crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae); they live in very oxygen-rich cold water and transport oxygen freely dissolved in their blood. While they no longer use hemoglobin, remnants of hemoglobin genes can be found in their genome. Vertebrate red blood cells consist mainly of hemoglobin, a complex metalloprotein containing heme groups whose iron atoms temporarily bind to oxygen molecules (O) in the lungs or gills and release them throughout the body. Oxygen can easily diffuse through the red blood cell's cell membrane.","psg_id":"766107"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"United States. Without capitalization, it is simply generic without specifying whether or not the cells comprise a blood product, patient blood, etc. (with other generic terms for it being \"erythrocyte\" and \"red cell\"). Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in","psg_id":"10002674"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have hemoglobin disorders. Cross matching is typically required before the blood is given. It is given by injection into a vein. Side effects include allergic reactions such","psg_id":"10002657"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"are kept with a minimal amount of fluid. Generally, an additive solution of citrate, dextrose, and adenine is mixed with the cells to keep them alive during storage. This process is sometimes done as automated apheresis, where the centrifuging and mixing take place at the donation site. Red blood cells are sometimes modified to address specific patient needs. The most common modification is leukoreduction, where the donor blood is filtered to remove white cells, although this is becoming increasingly universal throughout the blood supply (over 80% in the US, 100% in Europe). The blood may also be irradiated, which destroys","psg_id":"10002669"},{"title":"Blood vessel","text":"addition to carrying oxygen, blood also carries hormones, waste products and nutrients for cells of the body. Blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood (they have no appreciable peristalsis). Blood is propelled through arteries and arterioles through pressure generated by the heartbeat. Blood vessels also transport red blood cells which contain the oxygen necessary for daily activities. The amount of red blood cells present in your vessels has an effect on your health. Hematocrit tests can be performed to calculate the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. Higher proportions result in conditions such as","psg_id":"588396"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"are used in these situations, since they are unlikely to cause a reaction. A potentially fatal reaction is possible if the recipient has pre-existing antibodies, and uncrossmatched blood is only used in dire circumstances. Since O negative blood is not common, other blood types may be used if the situation is desperate. Most frequently, whole blood is collected from a blood donation and is spun in a centrifuge. The red blood cells are denser and settle to the bottom, and the majority of the liquid blood plasma remains on the top. The plasma is separated and the red blood cells","psg_id":"10002668"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"being dissolved in body fluid) was an important step in the evolution of vertebrates as it allows for less viscous blood, higher concentrations of oxygen, and better diffusion of oxygen from the blood to the tissues. The size of red blood cells varies widely among vertebrate species; red blood cell width is on average about 25% larger than capillary diameter, and it has been hypothesized that this improves the oxygen transfer from red blood cells to tissues. The red blood cells of mammals are typically shaped as biconcave disks: flattened and depressed in the center, with a dumbbell-shaped cross section,","psg_id":"766110"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"3255 BCE. These cells were discovered in May 2012. Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek \"erythros\" for \"red\" and \"kytos\" for \"hollow vessel\", with \"-cyte\" translated as \"cell\" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes","psg_id":"766141"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek \"erythros\" for \"red\" and \"kytos\" for \"hollow vessel\", with \"-cyte\" translated as \"cell\" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can","psg_id":"766104"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"(the remaining oxygen is carried dissolved in the blood plasma). The red blood cells of an average adult human male store collectively about 2.5 grams of iron, representing about 65% of the total iron contained in the body. Red blood cells in mammals \"anucleate\" when mature, meaning that they lack a cell nucleus. In comparison, the red blood cells of other vertebrates have nuclei; the only known exceptions are salamanders of the genus \"Batrachoseps\" and fish of the genus \"Maurolicus\". The elimination of the nucleus in vertebrate red blood cells has been offered as an explanation for the subsequent accumulation","psg_id":"766116"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"Whereas in high-income countries, most blood transfusions are given to people over 65 years of age (up to 76%). In these countries transfusion are most commonly used for supportive care in heart surgery, transplant surgery, massive trauma, and therapy for solid and blood cancers. Due to changes in surgical practices, medical use of blood is now the major use of red blood cells in high-income countries. Blood transfusion is typically recommended when hemoglobin levels reach 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in those who have stable vital signs. For those with heart disease it is recommended at 80g/L (8 g/dL). RBCs are","psg_id":"10002660"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"as anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, infection, volume overload, and lung injury. With current preparation methods in the developed world the risk of viral infections such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS are less than one in a million. However, the risks of infection are higher in low income countries. Packed red blood cells are produced from whole blood or by apheresis. They typically last for three to six weeks. The widespread use of packed red blood cells began in the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in","psg_id":"10002658"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"a health system. In the United Kingdom they cost about 120 pounds per unit. A number of other versions also exist including whole blood, leukocyte reduced red blood cells, and washed red blood cells. More than 100 million units of blood are collected each year around the world, and about 50% of these are given to people in high income countries. In low-income countries, the majority of blood transfusions (up to 65%) are given to children under 5 years of age to treat severe childhood anemia. Another major use of blood in low income countries is to treat pregnancy-related complications.","psg_id":"10002659"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"Much of this potential appears to be contributed by the exposed sialic acid residues in the membrane: their removal results in zeta potential of −6.06 mV. When red blood cells undergo shear stress in constricted vessels, they release ATP, which causes the vessel walls to relax and dilate so as to promote normal blood flow. When their hemoglobin molecules are deoxygenated, red blood cells release S-nitrosothiols, which also act to dilate blood vessels, thus directing more blood to areas of the body depleted of oxygen. Red blood cells can also synthesize nitric oxide enzymatically, using L-arginine as substrate, as do","psg_id":"766125"},{"title":"Blood doping","text":"or storage is another issue. Contamination was seen in 1 in every 500,000 transfusions of red blood cells in 2002. Blood contamination can lead to septicemia or an infection that affects the whole body. Certain medications used to increase red blood cells can reduce liver function and lead to liver failure, pituitary problems, and increases in cholesterol levels. Blood doping Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood","psg_id":"5364168"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"Rh type, specifically the phenotype, and the \"screen\" refers to testing for atypical antibodies that might cause transfusion problems. The typing and screening are also performed on donor blood. The blood groups represent antigens on the surface of the red blood cells which might react with antibodies in the recipient. The ABO blood group system has four basic phenotypes: O, A, B, and AB. In the former Soviet Union these were called I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There are two important antigens in the system: A and B. Red cells without A or B are called type O, and","psg_id":"10002663"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"they can be frozen for up to 10 years. The cells are separated from the fluid portion of the blood after it is collected from a donor, or during the collection process in the case of apheresis. The product is then sometimes modified after collection to meet specific patient requirements. The product is typically abbreviated RBC, pRBC, PRBC, and sometimes StRBC or even LRBC (the latter being to indicate those that have been leukoreduced, which is now true for the vast majority of RBC units). The name \"Red Blood Cells\" with initial capitals indicates a standardized blood product in the","psg_id":"10002673"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"red cells with both are called AB. Except in unusual cases like infants or seriously immunocompromised individuals, all people will have antibodies to any ABO blood type that isn't present on their own red blood cells, and will have an immediate hemolytic reaction to a unit that is not compatible with their ABO type. In addition to the A and B antigens, there are rare variations which can further complicate transfusions, such as the Bombay phenotype. The Rh blood group system consists of nearly around 50 different antigens, but the one of the greatest clinical interest is the \"D\" antigen,","psg_id":"10002664"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"thus much more common than the other blood particles: there are about 4,000–11,000 white blood cells and about 150,000–400,000 platelets per microliter. Human red blood cells take on average 60 seconds to complete one cycle of circulation. The blood's red color is due to the spectral properties of the hemic iron ions in hemoglobin. Each human red blood cell contains approximately 270 million of these hemoglobin molecules. Each hemoglobin molecule carries four heme groups; hemoglobin constitutes about a third of the total cell volume. Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of more than 98% of the oxygen in the body","psg_id":"766115"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"evolved a mode of red blood cell development substantially different from the mammalian norm. Overall, mammalian red blood cells are remarkably flexible and deformable so as to squeeze through tiny capillaries, as well as to maximize their apposing surface by assuming a cigar shape, where they efficiently release their oxygen load. Red blood cells in mammals are unique amongst vertebrates as they do not have nuclei when mature. Red blood cells of mammals cells have nuclei during early phases of erythropoiesis, but extrude them during development as they mature; this provides more space for hemoglobin. The red blood cells without","psg_id":"766112"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"the red blood cells using special equipment, such as the IBM 2991 cell processor in a similar manner to washing RBCs. The processing (often termed \"manufacture\", since the end result is deemed a biologic biopharmaceutical product) and the storage can occur at a collection center and/or a blood bank. RBCs are mixed with an anticoagulant and storage solution which provides nutrients and aims to preserve viability and functionality of the cells (limiting their so-called \"storage lesion\"), which are stored at refrigerated temperatures for up to 42 days (in the US), except for the rather unusual long-term storage in which case","psg_id":"10002672"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"be used for blood transfusions. Several blood tests involve red blood cells. These include a \"RBC count\" (the number of red blood cells per volume of blood), calculation of the hematocrit (percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The blood type needs to be determined to prepare for a blood transfusion or an organ transplantation. Many diseases involving red blood cells are diagnosed with a blood film (or peripheral blood smear), where a thin layer of blood is smeared on a microscope slide. This may reveal abnormalities of red blood cell shape and","psg_id":"766136"},{"title":"Blood transfusion","text":"Blood transfusion Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and increase iron levels by improving the amount of oxygen found in the body. White blood cells, are not commonly used during transfusion but are related to the immune system and to fight infections.","psg_id":"898443"},{"title":"Blood vessel","text":"dehydration or heart disease while lower proportions could lead to anemia and long-term blood loss. Blood vessels also transport red blood cells which contain the oxygen necessary for daily activities. The amount of red blood cells present in your vessels has an effect on your health. Hematocrit tests can be performed to calculate the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. Higher proportions result in conditions such as dehydration or heart disease while lower proportions could lead to anemia and long-term blood loss. Permeability of the endothelium is pivotal in the release of nutrients to the tissue. It is","psg_id":"588397"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"Hemoglobin in the red blood cells also carries some of the waste product carbon dioxide back from the tissues; most waste carbon dioxide, however, is transported back to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs as bicarbonate (HCO) dissolved in the blood plasma. Myoglobin, a compound related to hemoglobin, acts to store oxygen in muscle cells. The color of red blood cells is due to the heme group of hemoglobin. The blood plasma alone is straw-colored, but the red blood cells change color depending on the state of the hemoglobin: when combined with oxygen the resulting oxyhemoglobin is scarlet, and when","psg_id":"766108"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"used to restore oxygen-carrying capacity in people with anemia due to trauma or other medical problems, and are by far the most common blood component used in transfusion medicine. Historically they were transfused as part of whole blood, but are now typically used separately as RBCs and plasma components. The process of identifying a compatible blood product for transfusion is complicated. Side effects can include allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, fluid overload, infection, and lung injury. Giving incompatible RBCs to a person can be fatal. With current testing methods in high-income countries the risk of infection is","psg_id":"10002661"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"the centre of 0.8–1 µm, being much smaller than most other human cells. These cells have an average volume of about 90 fL with a surface of about 136 μm, and can swell up to a sphere shape containing 150 fL, without membrane distension. Adult humans have roughly 20–30 trillion red blood cells at any given time, constituting approximately 70% of all cells by number. Women have about 4–5 million red blood cells per microliter (cubic millimeter) of blood and men about 5–6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more. Red blood cells are","psg_id":"766114"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"form. When red blood cells sometimes occur as a stack, flat side next to flat side. This is known as \"rouleaux formation\", and it occurs more often if the levels of certain serum proteins are elevated, as for instance during inflammation. Red blood cells can be obtained from whole blood by centrifugation, which separates the cells from the blood plasma in a process known as blood fractionation. Packed red blood cells, which are made in this way from whole blood with the plasma removed, are used in transfusion medicine. During plasma donation, the red blood cells are pumped back into","psg_id":"766137"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"wall and membrane, killing it. As a result of not containing mitochondria, red blood cells use none of the oxygen they transport; instead they produce the energy carrier ATP by the glycolysis of glucose and lactic acid fermentation on the resulting pyruvate. Furthermore, the pentose phosphate pathway plays an important role in red blood cells; see glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency for more. As red blood cells contain no nucleus, protein biosynthesis is currently assumed to be absent in these cells. Because of the lack of nuclei and organelles, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA,","psg_id":"766127"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"and consequently cannot divide and have limited repair capabilities. The inability to carry out protein synthesis means that no virus can evolve to target mammalian red blood cells. However, infection with parvoviruses (such as human parvovirus B19) can affect erythroid precursors, as recognized by the presence of giant pronormoblasts with viral particles and inclusion bodies, thus temporarily depleting the blood of reticulocytes and causing anemia. Human red blood cells are produced through a process named erythropoiesis, developing from committed stem cells to mature red blood cells in about 7 days. When matured, in a healthy individual these cells live in","psg_id":"766128"},{"title":"Genetically engineered blood","text":"protein and a substance of choice, such as a small-molecule therapeutic agent or an antibody. The modifications leave the cells and their surfaces otherwise intact. One application is to engineer red blood cells into drug-delivery vehicles. Mature red cells carry no genetic material, potentially presenting fewer safety risks than other gene and cell therapies. Human red blood cells circulate for as long as four months, meaning they could potentially form the basis of long-term therapies. The cells move throughout body via the bloodstream and are unnoticed by the immune system. Genetically engineered blood Genetically engineered blood is blood that has","psg_id":"19205478"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"the body right away and only the plasma is collected. Some athletes have tried to improve their performance by blood doping: first about 1 litre of their blood is extracted, then the red blood cells are isolated, frozen and stored, to be reinjected shortly before the competition. (Red blood cells can be conserved for 5 weeks at , or over 10 years using cryoprotectants) This practice is hard to detect but may endanger the human cardiovascular system which is not equipped to deal with blood of the resulting higher viscosity. Another method of blood doping involves injection with erythropoietin in","psg_id":"766138"},{"title":"Blood agent","text":"immediate cause of death is usually respiratory failure. Blood agents work at the cellular level by preventing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's cells. This causes the cells to suffocate from lack of oxygen. Cyanide-based agents do so by interrupting the electron transport chain in the inner membranes of mitochondria. Arsine damages the red blood cells which deliver oxygen throughout the body. Chemical detection methods, in the form of kits or testing strips, exist for hydrogen cyanide. Ordinary clothing provides some protection, but proper protective clothing and masks are recommended. Mask filters containing","psg_id":"3954633"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"nuclei, called reticulocytes, subsequently lose all other cellular organelles such as their mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. The spleen acts as a reservoir of red blood cells, but this effect is somewhat limited in humans. In some other mammals such as dogs and horses, the spleen sequesters large numbers of red blood cells which are dumped into the blood during times of exertion stress, yielding a higher oxygen transport capacity. A typical human red blood cell has a disk diameter of approximately 6.2–8.2 µm and a thickness at the thickest point of 2–2.5 µm and a minimum thickness in","psg_id":"766113"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"malarial parasites into normal red cells. The proteins of the membrane skeleton are responsible for the deformability, flexibility and durability of the red blood cell, enabling it to squeeze through capillaries less than half the diameter of the red blood cell (7–8 μm) and recovering the discoid shape as soon as these cells stop receiving compressive forces, in a similar fashion to an object made of rubber. There are currently more than 50 known membrane proteins, which can exist in a few hundred up to a million copies per red blood cell. Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the","psg_id":"766122"},{"title":"Blood vessel","text":"vessels function to transport blood. In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Blood vessels also circulate blood throughout the circulatory system Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95–100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from the pulmonary vein, the saturation of hemoglobin is about 75%. (The values are reversed in the pulmonary circulation.) In","psg_id":"588395"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"(which he later renamed to O). Landsteiner described the regular patterns in which reactions occurred when serum was mixed with red blood cells, thus identifying compatible and conflicting combinations between these blood groups. A year later Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli, two colleagues of Landsteiner, identified a fourth blood group—AB. In 1959, by use of X-ray crystallography, Dr. Max Perutz was able to unravel the structure of hemoglobin, the red blood cell protein that carries oxygen. The oldest intact red blood cells ever discovered were found in Ötzi the Iceman, a natural mummy of a man who died around","psg_id":"766140"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells and the blood. The cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function such as deformability and stability while traversing the circulatory system and specifically the capillary network. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a cell nucleus and most organelles, in order to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin; they can be viewed as sacks of hemoglobin, with a plasma membrane as the sack. Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per","psg_id":"766105"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"order to stimulate production of red blood cells. Both practices are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The first person to describe red blood cells was the young Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam, who had used an early microscope in 1658 to study the blood of a frog. Unaware of this work, Anton van Leeuwenhoek provided another microscopic description in 1674, this time providing a more precise description of red blood cells, even approximating their size, \"25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand\". In 1901, Karl Landsteiner published his discovery of the three main blood groups—A, B, and C","psg_id":"766139"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"of non-coding DNA in the genome. The argument runs as follows: Efficient gas transport requires red blood cells to pass through very narrow capillaries, and this constrains their size. In the absence of nuclear elimination, the accumulation of repeat sequences is constrained by the volume occupied by the nucleus, which increases with genome size. Nucleated red blood cells in mammals consist of two forms: normoblasts, which are normal erythropoietic precursors to mature red blood cells, and megaloblasts, which are abnormally large precursors that occur in megaloblastic anemias. Red blood cells are deformable, flexible, are able to adhere to other cells,","psg_id":"766117"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"though it has other names and is commonly just called \"negative\" or \"positive.\" Unlike the ABO antigens, a recipient will not usually react to the first incompatible transfusion because the adaptive immune system does not immediately recognize it. After an incompatible transfusion the recipient may develop an antibody to the antigen and will react to any further incompatible transfusions. This antibody is important because it is the most frequent cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Incompatible red blood cells are sometimes given to recipients who will never become pregnant, such as males or postmenopausal women, as long as they","psg_id":"10002665"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"endothelial cells. Exposure of red blood cells to physiological levels of shear stress activates nitric oxide synthase and export of nitric oxide, which may contribute to the regulation of vascular tonus. Red blood cells can also produce hydrogen sulfide, a signalling gas that acts to relax vessel walls. It is believed that the cardioprotective effects of garlic are due to red blood cells converting its sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide. Red blood cells also play a part in the body's immune response: when lysed by pathogens such as bacteria, their hemoglobin releases free radicals, which break down the pathogen's cell","psg_id":"766126"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"transferrin. Almost all red blood cells are removed in this manner from the circulation before they are old enough to hemolyze. Hemolyzed hemoglobin is bound to a protein in plasma called haptoglobin, which is not excreted by the kidney. Blood diseases involving the red blood cells include: Red blood cells may be given as part of a blood transfusion. Blood may be donated from another person, or stored by the recipient at an earlier date. Donated blood usually requires screening to ensure that donors do not contain risk factors for the presence of blood-borne diseases, or will not suffer themselves","psg_id":"766133"},{"title":"Blood cell","text":"Blood cell A blood cell, also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include; Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood. Red blood cells or \"erythrocytes\", primarily carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide through the use of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that gives red blood cells their color and facilitates transportation of oxygen from","psg_id":"766142"},{"title":"Red pulp","text":"cells attempting to squeeze through the narrow intercellular spaces become badly damaged, and are subsequently devoured by macrophages in the red pulp. In addition to clearing aged red blood cells, the sinusoids also filter out cellular debris, particles that could clutter up the bloodstream. Red pulp consists of a dense network of fine reticular fiber, continuous with those of the splenic trabeculae, to which are applied flat, branching cells. The meshes of the reticulum are filled with blood: Macrophages are highly diverse mononuclear phagocytes that are present throughout the body, including the spleen. Those located in the red pulp are","psg_id":"7735154"},{"title":"Blood","text":"the presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or \"formed elements\") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of","psg_id":"47125"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"the DNA in the white cells and prevents graft versus host disease, which may happen if the blood donor and recipient are closely related, and is also important for immunocompromized patients. Other modifications, such as washing the RBCs to remove any remaining plasma, are much less common. With additive solutions, RBCs are typically kept at refrigerated temperatures for up to 45 days. In some patients, use of RBCs that are much fresher is important; for example, US guidelines call for blood less than seven days old to be used for neonatals, to \"ensure optimal cell function\". However, the phenomenon of","psg_id":"10002670"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"oxygen has been released the resulting deoxyhemoglobin is of a dark red burgundy color. However, blood can appear bluish when seen through the vessel wall and skin. Pulse oximetry takes advantage of the hemoglobin color change to directly measure the arterial blood oxygen saturation using colorimetric techniques. Hemoglobin also has a very high affinity for carbon monoxide, forming carboxyhemoglobin which is a very bright red in color. Flushed, confused patients with a saturation reading of 100% on pulse oximetry are sometimes found to be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Having oxygen-carrying proteins inside specialized cells (as opposed to oxygen carriers","psg_id":"766109"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among many others. These membrane proteins can perform a wide diversity of functions, such as transporting ions and molecules across the red cell membrane, adhesion and interaction with other cells such as endothelial cells, as signaling receptors, as well as other currently unknown functions. The blood types of humans are due to variations in surface glycoproteins of red blood cells. Disorders of the proteins in these membranes are associated with many disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary stomatocytosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The red blood cell","psg_id":"766123"},{"title":"Blood","text":"is cut in a way to ensure that the spine is not severed, hence the brain may send commands to the heart to pump blood to it for oxygen. In this way, blood is removed from the body, and the meat is generally now safe to cook and eat. In modern times, blood transfusions are generally not considered against the rules. Based on their interpretation of scriptures such as Acts 15:28, 29 (\"Keep abstaining...from blood.\"), many Jehovah's Witnesses neither consume blood nor accept transfusions of whole blood or its major components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (thrombocytes), and","psg_id":"47164"},{"title":"Cord blood bank","text":"private banks, partly because most treatable conditions can't use one's own cord blood. Cord blood contains hematopoietic stem cells (which can differentiate only into blood cells), and should not be confused with embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into any cell in the body. Cord blood stem cells are blood cell progenitors which can form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This is why cord blood cells are currently used to treat blood and immune system related genetic diseases, cancers, and blood disorders. On the possibility that cord blood stem cells could be used","psg_id":"4029153"},{"title":"Nucleated red blood cell","text":"Nucleated red blood cell All vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing cells in their blood and with the exception of mammals, all of these red blood cells contain a nucleus. Mammals represent ~5,500 named species out of ~66,000 vertebrate species, and within this ~8% subgroup, red blood cells are known as erythrocytes or RBCs and lack a cell nucleus in mature organisms. In contrast, a nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), also known by several other names, is a mammalian RBC that contains a cell nucleus. NRBCs occur in normal development as progenitor cells in the erythropoietic lineage and in pathological states. Normally,","psg_id":"18605502"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"by giving blood. Blood is usually collected and tested for common or serious Blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. The blood type (A, B, AB, or O) or the blood product is identified. This relates to the presence of antigens on the cell's surface. After this process, the blood is stored, and within a short duration is used. Blood can be given as a whole product or the red blood cells separated as packed red blood cells. Blood is often transfused when there is known anaemia, active bleeding, or when there is an expectation of serious blood","psg_id":"766134"},{"title":"Red blood cell distribution width","text":"Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width (RDW or RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD) is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Usually red blood cells are a standard size of about 6-8 μm in diameter. Certain disorders, however, cause a significant variation in cell size. Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size. Normal reference range of RDW-CV in human red blood cells is 11.5-14.5%. If anemia is observed, RDW test results are often used together with mean corpuscular","psg_id":"2964005"},{"title":"Blood","text":"cells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ion transported in plasma. Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and dark red when it is deoxygenated. Some animals, such as crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin to","psg_id":"47122"},{"title":"Nucleated red blood cell","text":"also be caused by the bites of certain urban spiders, resulting in a condition known as \"Spider Man Syndrome\". Nucleated red blood cell All vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing cells in their blood and with the exception of mammals, all of these red blood cells contain a nucleus. Mammals represent ~5,500 named species out of ~66,000 vertebrate species, and within this ~8% subgroup, red blood cells are known as erythrocytes or RBCs and lack a cell nucleus in mature organisms. In contrast, a nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), also known by several other names, is a mammalian RBC that contains a","psg_id":"18605506"},{"title":"Red blood cell indices","text":"is the average concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of red blood cells and is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Red blood cell indices Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Abnormal values indicate the presence of anemia and which type of anemia it is. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the average volume of a red blood cell and is calculated by dividing the hematocrit (Hct) by the concentration of red blood cell count. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the average amount of hemoglobin","psg_id":"11517493"},{"title":"Cells at Work!","text":"Cells at Work! The story takes place inside the human body, where trillions of anthropomorphic cells each do their job to keep the body healthy. The series largely focuses on two such cells; a rookie red blood cell, AE3803, who often gets lost during deliveries, and a relentless white blood cell, U-1146, who fights against any germs that invade the body. The manga was launched in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine \"Monthly Shōnen Sirius\" in March 2015. Kodansha has collected the manga into five \"tankōbon\" volumes . The manga received a spinoff in the May 2017 issue of \"Nakayoshi\" called \"Hataraku","psg_id":"20189986"},{"title":"Human body","text":"then used to create proteins which form the basis for cells, their activity, and their products. Proteins dictate cell function and gene expression, a cell is able to self-regulate by the amount of proteins produced. However, not all cells have DNA – some cells such as mature red blood cells lose their nucleus as they mature. The body consists of many different types of tissue, defined as cells that act with a specialised function. The study of tissues is called histology and often occurs with a microscope. The body consists of four main types of tissues – lining cells (epithelia),","psg_id":"648880"},{"title":"Packed red blood cells","text":"do not have an antibody, since the greatest risk of Rh incompatible blood is to current or future pregnancies. For RBCs, type O negative blood is considered a \"universal donor\" as recipients with types A, B, or AB can almost always receive O negative blood safely. Type AB positive is considered a \"universal recipient\" because they can receive the other ABO/Rh types safely. These are not truly universal, as other red cell antigens can further complicate transfusions. There are many other human blood group systems and most of them are only rarely associated with transfusion problems. A screening test is","psg_id":"10002666"},{"title":"Blood red","text":"wound, and it does not change color upon exposure to air. The color \"blood red\", therefore, covers both these states: the darker deoxygenated color and the brighter oxygenated one. Also, dried blood often has a darker, rust-colored quality: all dried blood has been oxygenated and then desiccated, causing the cells within it to die. This blood is often darker than either shade of red that can be seen in fresh blood. In the RGB color spectrum blood red often consists only of the color red, with no green or blue component; in the CYMK color model blood red has no","psg_id":"20354144"},{"title":"Blood","text":"Blood Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood","psg_id":"47121"},{"title":"TPI1","text":"Since the anemia results from the premature breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis), it is known as hemolytic anemia. A shortage of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body leads to extreme tiredness (fatigue), pale skin (pallor), and shortness of breath. When the red cells are broken down, iron and a molecule called bilirubin are released; individuals with triosephosphate isomerase deficiency have an excess of these substances circulating in the blood. Excess bilirubin in the blood causes jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Movement problems typically become apparent by age","psg_id":"11590094"},{"title":"Whole blood","text":"developing world and military. It is used to make a number of blood products including packed red blood cells, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma. Whole blood has similar risks to a transfusion of red blood cells and must be cross-matched to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions. Most of the indications for use are identical to those for RBCs, and whole blood is not used because the extra plasma can contribute to transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO), a potentially dangerous complication. Whole blood is sometimes \"recreated\" from stored red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for neonatal transfusions. This","psg_id":"1684540"},{"title":"Red blood cell indices","text":"Red blood cell indices Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Abnormal values indicate the presence of anemia and which type of anemia it is. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the average volume of a red blood cell and is calculated by dividing the hematocrit (Hct) by the concentration of red blood cell count. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the average amount of hemoglobin (Hb) per red blood cell and is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the red blood cell count. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)","psg_id":"11517492"},{"title":"Blood doping","text":"Forces commanders at Fort Bragg started experimenting with blood doping, also known as blood loading. Special Forces operators would provide two units of whole blood, from which red blood cells would be extracted, concentrated, and stored under cold temperatures. 24 hours before a mission or battle, a small amount of red blood cells would be infused back into the soldier. Military scientists believe that the procedure increases the soldiers’s endurance and alertness because of the increase in the blood's capability to carry oxygen. In 1998, the Australian Defence Forces approved this technique for the Special Air Service Regiment. Senior nutritionist","psg_id":"5364157"},{"title":"Blood doping","text":"Blood doping Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete’s aerobic capacity (VO max) and endurance. Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports. Blood doping is defined as the use of illicit products (e.g. erythropoietin (EPO), darbepoetin-alfa, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers) and methods (e.g. increase aerobic capacity by maximizing the uptake of O) in order to enhance the O transport","psg_id":"5364134"},{"title":"Blood","text":"many invertebrates, these oxygen-carrying proteins are freely soluble in the blood; in vertebrates they are contained in specialized red blood cells, allowing for a higher concentration of respiratory pigments without increasing viscosity or damaging blood filtering organs like the kidneys. Giant tube worms have unusual hemoglobins that allow them to live in extraordinary environments. These hemoglobins also carry sulfides normally fatal in other animals. The coloring matter of blood (hemochrome) is largely due to the protein in the blood responsible for oxygen transport. Different groups of organisms use different proteins. Hemoglobin is the principal determinant of the color of blood","psg_id":"47142"},{"title":"Biconcave disc","text":"characteristic red color and transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Mature red blood cells are round and biconcave because they lack a nucleus and unlike other cells, red cells require a small amount of oxygen for its metabolism and most oxygen is freed into the tissues. The absence of nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria partly contributes to the red blood cell’s disc-like structure which leaves room for hundreds of millions of hemoglobin molecules found within the cells. Hemoglobin is a red and iron-rich protein that merges with oxygen to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. Both","psg_id":"19125659"},{"title":"Blood test","text":"Blood tests are also used in drug tests to detect drug abuse. In some of the United States, a blood test is required before marriage. Venipuncture is useful as it is a minimally invasive way to obtain cells and extracellular fluid (plasma) from the body for analysis. Blood flows throughout the body, acting as a medium which provides oxygen and nutrients to tissues and carries waste products back to the excretory systems for disposal. Consequently, the state of the bloodstream affects, or is affected by, many medical conditions. For these reasons, blood tests are the most commonly performed medical tests.","psg_id":"2188425"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"and are able to interface with immune cells. Their membrane plays many roles in this. These functions are highly dependent on the membrane composition. The red blood cell membrane is composed of 3 layers: the glycocalyx on the exterior, which is rich in carbohydrates; the lipid bilayer which contains many transmembrane proteins, besides its lipidic main constituents; and the membrane skeleton, a structural network of proteins located on the inner surface of the lipid bilayer. Half of the membrane mass in human and most mammalian red blood cells are proteins. The other half are lipids, namely phospholipids and cholesterol. The","psg_id":"766118"},{"title":"Cells at Work!","text":"in the molecular neuro-oncology department of Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, praised the series' depiction of cancer cells during the series' seventh episode. Biology teachers at a high school affiliated with China's Southwest University were so impressed with the accuracy of the series they assigned it as homework for their students. Cells at Work! The story takes place inside the human body, where trillions of anthropomorphic cells each do their job to keep the body healthy. The series largely focuses on two such cells; a rookie red blood cell, AE3803, who often gets lost during deliveries, and","psg_id":"20189992"},{"title":"Red blood cell distribution width","text":"and high MCV. Mixed-deficiency (iron + B12 or folate) anemia usually presents with high RDW and variable MCV. Recent hemorrhages typically present with high RDW and normal MCV. A false high RDW reading can occur if EDTA anticoagulated blood is used instead of citrated blood. See Pseudothrombocytopenia. 7. http://rdwbloodtest.com Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width (RDW or RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD) is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Usually red blood cells","psg_id":"2964009"},{"title":"Blood volume","text":"Blood volume Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual. A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood volume. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys. Blood volume (BV) can be calculated given the hematocrit (HC; the fraction of blood that is red blood cells) and plasma volume (PV), with the hematocrit being regulated via the blood oxygen content regulator: Blood volume measurement may be used in people with congestive heart failure, chronic hypertension, renal failure","psg_id":"5890313"},{"title":"Blood substitute","text":"many of the vital functions of natural blood. PFC particles are about th the size of the diameter of a red blood cell (RBC). This small size can enable PFC particles to traverse capillaries through which no RBCs are flowing. In theory this can benefit damaged, blood-starved tissue, which conventional red cells cannot reach. PFC solutions can carry oxygen so well that mammals, including humans, can survive breathing liquid PFC solution, called liquid breathing. Perfluorocarbon-based blood substitutes are completely man-made; this provides advantages over blood substitutes that rely on modified haemoglobin, such as unlimited manufacturing capabilities, ability to be heat-sterilized,","psg_id":"2463147"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"wide variety of endogenous mediators and xenobiotics. Excessive eryptosis is observed in red blood cells lacking the cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I or the AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK. Inhibitors of eryptosis include erythropoietin, nitric oxide, catecholamines and high concentrations of urea. Much of the resulting breakdown products are recirculated in the body. The heme constituent of hemoglobin are broken down into iron (Fe) and biliverdin. The biliverdin is reduced to bilirubin, which is released into the plasma and recirculated to the liver bound to albumin. The iron is released into the plasma to be recirculated by a carrier protein called","psg_id":"766132"},{"title":"Blood","text":"hemoglobin with a much higher affinity for oxygen (hemoglobin F) to function under these conditions. CO is carried in blood in three different ways. (The exact percentages vary depending whether it is arterial or venous blood). Most of it (about 70%) is converted to bicarbonate ions by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells by the reaction CO + HO → HCO → H + ; about 7% is dissolved in the plasma; and about 23% is bound to hemoglobin as carbamino compounds. Hemoglobin, the main oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells, carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.","psg_id":"47136"},{"title":"Whole blood","text":"be pooled from multiple donors to get enough for a therapeutic dose. The collected blood is generally separated into components by one of three methods. A centrifuge can be used in a \"hard spin\" which separates whole blood into plasma and red cells or for a \"soft spin\" which separates it into plasma, buffy coat (used to make platelets), and red blood cells. The third method is sedimentation: the blood simply sits overnight and the red cells and plasma are separated by gravitational interactions. Whole blood is typically stored under the same conditions as red blood cells and can be","psg_id":"1684542"},{"title":"Blood red","text":"dark red state, but quickly oxygenates upon exposure to air, turning a brighter shade of red. This happens more quickly with smaller volumes of blood such as a pinprick and less quickly from cuts or punctures that cause greater blood flows such as a puncture in the basilic vein: all blood collected during a phlebotomy procedure is deoxygenated blood, and it does not usually have a chance to become oxygenated upon leaving the body. Arterial blood, which is already oxygenated, is also already a brighter shade of red— this is the blood see from a pulsating neck, arm, or leg","psg_id":"20354143"},{"title":"Carotid body","text":"Carotid body The carotid body (\"carotid glomus\" or \"glomus caroticum\") is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. The carotid body is made up of two types of cells, called glomus cells: glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors, and glomus type II cells are","psg_id":"2815442"},{"title":"White Blood Cells (album)","text":"Loretta Lynn, creating a friendship between Lynn and both Jack and Meg White. In 2004, Jack White would produce Lynn's comeback hit album \"Van Lear Rose\". Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald created an online-only art project, titled \"Redd Blood Cells\", in which he added a bass track to the otherwise bass-less album. The White Stripes arranged with Steven to take the files down after more than 60,000 downloads. \"Rolling Stone\" named \"White Blood Cells\" the nineteenth best album of the decade, and \"Fell in Love with a Girl\" the fifty-eighth best song of the decade. \"Q\" listed \"White Blood","psg_id":"2013361"},{"title":"Blood Cells (film)","text":"As eruptions from his secret past begin to emerge, Adam struggles to break free from an exile that must now end before it swallows him for good. The film was released through Picturehouse cinemas on 30 June 2015 \"Blood Cells\" received critical acclaim. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 100% rating, an average score of 7.3/10. Kevin Maher at The Times give the film 4/5 stars and stated 'is a ridiculously accomplished film…it signals the arrival of future film-making heavyweights' Blood Cells (film) Blood Cells is a 2015 British drama film directed by Luke Seomore &","psg_id":"19910624"},{"title":"Red blood cell","text":"and a torus-shaped rim on the edge of the disk. This shape allows for a high surface-area-to-volume (SA/V) ratio to facilitate diffusion of gases. However, there are some exceptions concerning shape in the artiodactyl order (even-toed ungulates including cattle, deer, and their relatives), which displays a wide variety of bizarre red blood cell morphologies: small and highly ovaloid cells in llamas and camels (family Camelidae), tiny spherical cells in mouse deer (family Tragulidae), and cells which assume fusiform, lanceolate, crescentic, and irregularly polygonal and other angular forms in red deer and wapiti (family Cervidae). Members of this order have clearly","psg_id":"766111"},{"title":"Combustion","text":"humans become unconscious or die. Exposure to moderate and high levels of carbon monoxide over long periods of time are positively correlation with risk of heart disease. People who survive severe CO poisoning may suffer long-term health problems. Carbon monoxide from air is absorbed in the lungs which then binds with hemoglobin in human's red blood cells. This would reduce the capacity of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Smouldering is the slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel. It is a typically","psg_id":"68426"},{"title":"White Blood Cells (album)","text":"book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". Some editions were released with a bonus DVD. White Blood Cells (album) White Blood Cells is the third studio album by American garage rock duo The White Stripes, released on July 3, 2001. Recorded in less than one week at Easley-McCain Recording in Memphis, Tennessee, and produced by frontman and guitarist Jack White, it was the band's final record released independently on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Bolstered by the hit single \"Fell in Love with a Girl\", the record propelled The White Stripes into early commercial popularity and critical success.","psg_id":"2013365"},{"title":"Aortic body","text":"Aortic body The aortic body is one of several small clusters of peripheral chemoreceptors known as glomus cells, baroreceptors, and supporting cells located along the aortic arch. Some sources equate the \"aortic bodies\" and \"paraaortic bodies\", while other sources explicitly distinguish between the two. When a distinction is made, the \"aortic bodies\" are chemoreceptors which regulate the circulatory system, while the \"paraaortic bodies\" are the chromaffin cells which manufacture catecholamines. A chemoreceptor present on the aortic arch. It measures changes in blood pressure and the composition of arterial blood flowing past it, including the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon","psg_id":"4433119"},{"title":"Bartenieff Fundamentals","text":"of life, the most basic sense of being. The most fundamental movement, lungs and also oxygen in blood flow and saturation of cells (cellular breathing), moves through a rhythm of expanding and condensing. When breath is integrated throughout the body, then all parts of the body will move at least slightly in coordination with the in / out breath rhythm. Use the breath pattern to recuperate and get in touch with one’s own \"internal state\", with one’s body self, \"proprioceptive self\", \"where you are in the moment\", to find your entire body connected through your internal core. \"Naval radiation to","psg_id":"3197933"},{"title":"Blood","text":"carry oxygen, instead of hemoglobin. Insects and some mollusks use a fluid called hemolymph instead of blood, the difference being that hemolymph is not contained in a closed circulatory system. In most insects, this \"blood\" does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules such as hemoglobin because their bodies are small enough for their tracheal system to suffice for supplying oxygen. Jawed vertebrates have an adaptive immune system, based largely on white blood cells. White blood cells help to resist infections and parasites. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood. Arthropods, using hemolymph, have hemocytes as part of their immune system. Blood","psg_id":"47123"},{"title":"White Blood Cells (album)","text":"guitar, drums and piano.\" The duo intended to break away from the \"bringing-back-the-blues label,\" instead containing piano-driven tracks that, to that point, remained unrecorded. Influences are present from a variety of genres, including childlike love songs (\"We're Going to Be Friends\"). \"White Blood Cells\" was rushed onto the shelves by Sympathy, although the record label wasn't prepared to handle the hype that would surround the record. \"White Blood Cells\" was released to nearly universal acclaim. On Metacritic, the album received a weighted mean score of 86/100, which translates to \"universal acclaim.\" Considered the band's commercial breakthrough, \"White Blood Cells\" peaked","psg_id":"2013359"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"are cells present in blood in order to transport oxygen. The only known vertebrates without red blood cells are the crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae); they live in very oxygen-rich cold water and transport oxygen freely dissolved in their blood. While they no longer use hemoglobin, remnants of hemoglobin genes can be found in their genome. Vertebrate red blood cells consist mainly of hemoglobin, a complex metalloprotein containing heme groups whose iron atoms temporarily bind to oxygen molecules (O) in the lungs or gills and release them throughout the body. Oxygen can easily diffuse through the red blood cell's cell membrane.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766107\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"United States. Without capitalization, it is simply generic without specifying whether or not the cells comprise a blood product, patient blood, etc. (with other generic terms for it being \\\"erythrocyte\\\" and \\\"red cell\\\"). Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have hemoglobin disorders. Cross matching is typically required before the blood is given. It is given by injection into a vein. Side effects include allergic reactions such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"are kept with a minimal amount of fluid. Generally, an additive solution of citrate, dextrose, and adenine is mixed with the cells to keep them alive during storage. This process is sometimes done as automated apheresis, where the centrifuging and mixing take place at the donation site. Red blood cells are sometimes modified to address specific patient needs. The most common modification is leukoreduction, where the donor blood is filtered to remove white cells, although this is becoming increasingly universal throughout the blood supply (over 80% in the US, 100% in Europe). The blood may also be irradiated, which destroys\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood vessel\",\n \"text\": \"addition to carrying oxygen, blood also carries hormones, waste products and nutrients for cells of the body. Blood vessels do not actively engage in the transport of blood (they have no appreciable peristalsis). Blood is propelled through arteries and arterioles through pressure generated by the heartbeat. Blood vessels also transport red blood cells which contain the oxygen necessary for daily activities. The amount of red blood cells present in your vessels has an effect on your health. Hematocrit tests can be performed to calculate the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. Higher proportions result in conditions such as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"588396\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"are used in these situations, since they are unlikely to cause a reaction. A potentially fatal reaction is possible if the recipient has pre-existing antibodies, and uncrossmatched blood is only used in dire circumstances. Since O negative blood is not common, other blood types may be used if the situation is desperate. Most frequently, whole blood is collected from a blood donation and is spun in a centrifuge. The red blood cells are denser and settle to the bottom, and the majority of the liquid blood plasma remains on the top. The plasma is separated and the red blood cells\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"being dissolved in body fluid) was an important step in the evolution of vertebrates as it allows for less viscous blood, higher concentrations of oxygen, and better diffusion of oxygen from the blood to the tissues. The size of red blood cells varies widely among vertebrate species; red blood cell width is on average about 25% larger than capillary diameter, and it has been hypothesized that this improves the oxygen transfer from red blood cells to tissues. The red blood cells of mammals are typically shaped as biconcave disks: flattened and depressed in the center, with a dumbbell-shaped cross section,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766110\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"3255 BCE. These cells were discovered in May 2012. Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek \\\"erythros\\\" for \\\"red\\\" and \\\"kytos\\\" for \\\"hollow vessel\\\", with \\\"-cyte\\\" translated as \\\"cell\\\" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766141\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek \\\"erythros\\\" for \\\"red\\\" and \\\"kytos\\\" for \\\"hollow vessel\\\", with \\\"-cyte\\\" translated as \\\"cell\\\" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766104\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"(the remaining oxygen is carried dissolved in the blood plasma). The red blood cells of an average adult human male store collectively about 2.5 grams of iron, representing about 65% of the total iron contained in the body. Red blood cells in mammals \\\"anucleate\\\" when mature, meaning that they lack a cell nucleus. In comparison, the red blood cells of other vertebrates have nuclei; the only known exceptions are salamanders of the genus \\\"Batrachoseps\\\" and fish of the genus \\\"Maurolicus\\\". The elimination of the nucleus in vertebrate red blood cells has been offered as an explanation for the subsequent accumulation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"Whereas in high-income countries, most blood transfusions are given to people over 65 years of age (up to 76%). In these countries transfusion are most commonly used for supportive care in heart surgery, transplant surgery, massive trauma, and therapy for solid and blood cancers. Due to changes in surgical practices, medical use of blood is now the major use of red blood cells in high-income countries. Blood transfusion is typically recommended when hemoglobin levels reach 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in those who have stable vital signs. For those with heart disease it is recommended at 80g/L (8 g/dL). RBCs are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"as anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, infection, volume overload, and lung injury. With current preparation methods in the developed world the risk of viral infections such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS are less than one in a million. However, the risks of infection are higher in low income countries. Packed red blood cells are produced from whole blood or by apheresis. They typically last for three to six weeks. The widespread use of packed red blood cells began in the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"a health system. In the United Kingdom they cost about 120 pounds per unit. A number of other versions also exist including whole blood, leukocyte reduced red blood cells, and washed red blood cells. More than 100 million units of blood are collected each year around the world, and about 50% of these are given to people in high income countries. In low-income countries, the majority of blood transfusions (up to 65%) are given to children under 5 years of age to treat severe childhood anemia. Another major use of blood in low income countries is to treat pregnancy-related complications.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"Much of this potential appears to be contributed by the exposed sialic acid residues in the membrane: their removal results in zeta potential of −6.06 mV. When red blood cells undergo shear stress in constricted vessels, they release ATP, which causes the vessel walls to relax and dilate so as to promote normal blood flow. When their hemoglobin molecules are deoxygenated, red blood cells release S-nitrosothiols, which also act to dilate blood vessels, thus directing more blood to areas of the body depleted of oxygen. Red blood cells can also synthesize nitric oxide enzymatically, using L-arginine as substrate, as do\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood doping\",\n \"text\": \"or storage is another issue. Contamination was seen in 1 in every 500,000 transfusions of red blood cells in 2002. Blood contamination can lead to septicemia or an infection that affects the whole body. Certain medications used to increase red blood cells can reduce liver function and lead to liver failure, pituitary problems, and increases in cholesterol levels. Blood doping Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5364168\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"Rh type, specifically the phenotype, and the \\\"screen\\\" refers to testing for atypical antibodies that might cause transfusion problems. The typing and screening are also performed on donor blood. The blood groups represent antigens on the surface of the red blood cells which might react with antibodies in the recipient. The ABO blood group system has four basic phenotypes: O, A, B, and AB. In the former Soviet Union these were called I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There are two important antigens in the system: A and B. Red cells without A or B are called type O, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002663\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"they can be frozen for up to 10 years. The cells are separated from the fluid portion of the blood after it is collected from a donor, or during the collection process in the case of apheresis. The product is then sometimes modified after collection to meet specific patient requirements. The product is typically abbreviated RBC, pRBC, PRBC, and sometimes StRBC or even LRBC (the latter being to indicate those that have been leukoreduced, which is now true for the vast majority of RBC units). The name \\\"Red Blood Cells\\\" with initial capitals indicates a standardized blood product in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"red cells with both are called AB. Except in unusual cases like infants or seriously immunocompromised individuals, all people will have antibodies to any ABO blood type that isn't present on their own red blood cells, and will have an immediate hemolytic reaction to a unit that is not compatible with their ABO type. In addition to the A and B antigens, there are rare variations which can further complicate transfusions, such as the Bombay phenotype. The Rh blood group system consists of nearly around 50 different antigens, but the one of the greatest clinical interest is the \\\"D\\\" antigen,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002664\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"thus much more common than the other blood particles: there are about 4,000–11,000 white blood cells and about 150,000–400,000 platelets per microliter. Human red blood cells take on average 60 seconds to complete one cycle of circulation. The blood's red color is due to the spectral properties of the hemic iron ions in hemoglobin. Each human red blood cell contains approximately 270 million of these hemoglobin molecules. Each hemoglobin molecule carries four heme groups; hemoglobin constitutes about a third of the total cell volume. Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of more than 98% of the oxygen in the body\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"evolved a mode of red blood cell development substantially different from the mammalian norm. Overall, mammalian red blood cells are remarkably flexible and deformable so as to squeeze through tiny capillaries, as well as to maximize their apposing surface by assuming a cigar shape, where they efficiently release their oxygen load. Red blood cells in mammals are unique amongst vertebrates as they do not have nuclei when mature. Red blood cells of mammals cells have nuclei during early phases of erythropoiesis, but extrude them during development as they mature; this provides more space for hemoglobin. The red blood cells without\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"the red blood cells using special equipment, such as the IBM 2991 cell processor in a similar manner to washing RBCs. The processing (often termed \\\"manufacture\\\", since the end result is deemed a biologic biopharmaceutical product) and the storage can occur at a collection center and/or a blood bank. RBCs are mixed with an anticoagulant and storage solution which provides nutrients and aims to preserve viability and functionality of the cells (limiting their so-called \\\"storage lesion\\\"), which are stored at refrigerated temperatures for up to 42 days (in the US), except for the rather unusual long-term storage in which case\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"be used for blood transfusions. Several blood tests involve red blood cells. These include a \\\"RBC count\\\" (the number of red blood cells per volume of blood), calculation of the hematocrit (percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The blood type needs to be determined to prepare for a blood transfusion or an organ transplantation. Many diseases involving red blood cells are diagnosed with a blood film (or peripheral blood smear), where a thin layer of blood is smeared on a microscope slide. This may reveal abnormalities of red blood cell shape and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766136\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood transfusion\",\n \"text\": \"Blood transfusion Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and increase iron levels by improving the amount of oxygen found in the body. White blood cells, are not commonly used during transfusion but are related to the immune system and to fight infections.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"898443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood vessel\",\n \"text\": \"dehydration or heart disease while lower proportions could lead to anemia and long-term blood loss. Blood vessels also transport red blood cells which contain the oxygen necessary for daily activities. The amount of red blood cells present in your vessels has an effect on your health. Hematocrit tests can be performed to calculate the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. Higher proportions result in conditions such as dehydration or heart disease while lower proportions could lead to anemia and long-term blood loss. Permeability of the endothelium is pivotal in the release of nutrients to the tissue. It is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"588397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"Hemoglobin in the red blood cells also carries some of the waste product carbon dioxide back from the tissues; most waste carbon dioxide, however, is transported back to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs as bicarbonate (HCO) dissolved in the blood plasma. Myoglobin, a compound related to hemoglobin, acts to store oxygen in muscle cells. The color of red blood cells is due to the heme group of hemoglobin. The blood plasma alone is straw-colored, but the red blood cells change color depending on the state of the hemoglobin: when combined with oxygen the resulting oxyhemoglobin is scarlet, and when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"used to restore oxygen-carrying capacity in people with anemia due to trauma or other medical problems, and are by far the most common blood component used in transfusion medicine. Historically they were transfused as part of whole blood, but are now typically used separately as RBCs and plasma components. The process of identifying a compatible blood product for transfusion is complicated. Side effects can include allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, fluid overload, infection, and lung injury. Giving incompatible RBCs to a person can be fatal. With current testing methods in high-income countries the risk of infection is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"the centre of 0.8–1 µm, being much smaller than most other human cells. These cells have an average volume of about 90 fL with a surface of about 136 μm, and can swell up to a sphere shape containing 150 fL, without membrane distension. Adult humans have roughly 20–30 trillion red blood cells at any given time, constituting approximately 70% of all cells by number. Women have about 4–5 million red blood cells per microliter (cubic millimeter) of blood and men about 5–6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more. Red blood cells are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"form. When red blood cells sometimes occur as a stack, flat side next to flat side. This is known as \\\"rouleaux formation\\\", and it occurs more often if the levels of certain serum proteins are elevated, as for instance during inflammation. Red blood cells can be obtained from whole blood by centrifugation, which separates the cells from the blood plasma in a process known as blood fractionation. Packed red blood cells, which are made in this way from whole blood with the plasma removed, are used in transfusion medicine. During plasma donation, the red blood cells are pumped back into\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"wall and membrane, killing it. As a result of not containing mitochondria, red blood cells use none of the oxygen they transport; instead they produce the energy carrier ATP by the glycolysis of glucose and lactic acid fermentation on the resulting pyruvate. Furthermore, the pentose phosphate pathway plays an important role in red blood cells; see glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency for more. As red blood cells contain no nucleus, protein biosynthesis is currently assumed to be absent in these cells. Because of the lack of nuclei and organelles, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766127\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"and consequently cannot divide and have limited repair capabilities. The inability to carry out protein synthesis means that no virus can evolve to target mammalian red blood cells. However, infection with parvoviruses (such as human parvovirus B19) can affect erythroid precursors, as recognized by the presence of giant pronormoblasts with viral particles and inclusion bodies, thus temporarily depleting the blood of reticulocytes and causing anemia. Human red blood cells are produced through a process named erythropoiesis, developing from committed stem cells to mature red blood cells in about 7 days. When matured, in a healthy individual these cells live in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766128\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Genetically engineered blood\",\n \"text\": \"protein and a substance of choice, such as a small-molecule therapeutic agent or an antibody. The modifications leave the cells and their surfaces otherwise intact. One application is to engineer red blood cells into drug-delivery vehicles. Mature red cells carry no genetic material, potentially presenting fewer safety risks than other gene and cell therapies. Human red blood cells circulate for as long as four months, meaning they could potentially form the basis of long-term therapies. The cells move throughout body via the bloodstream and are unnoticed by the immune system. Genetically engineered blood Genetically engineered blood is blood that has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19205478\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"the body right away and only the plasma is collected. Some athletes have tried to improve their performance by blood doping: first about 1 litre of their blood is extracted, then the red blood cells are isolated, frozen and stored, to be reinjected shortly before the competition. (Red blood cells can be conserved for 5 weeks at , or over 10 years using cryoprotectants) This practice is hard to detect but may endanger the human cardiovascular system which is not equipped to deal with blood of the resulting higher viscosity. Another method of blood doping involves injection with erythropoietin in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood agent\",\n \"text\": \"immediate cause of death is usually respiratory failure. Blood agents work at the cellular level by preventing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's cells. This causes the cells to suffocate from lack of oxygen. Cyanide-based agents do so by interrupting the electron transport chain in the inner membranes of mitochondria. Arsine damages the red blood cells which deliver oxygen throughout the body. Chemical detection methods, in the form of kits or testing strips, exist for hydrogen cyanide. Ordinary clothing provides some protection, but proper protective clothing and masks are recommended. Mask filters containing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3954633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"nuclei, called reticulocytes, subsequently lose all other cellular organelles such as their mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. The spleen acts as a reservoir of red blood cells, but this effect is somewhat limited in humans. In some other mammals such as dogs and horses, the spleen sequesters large numbers of red blood cells which are dumped into the blood during times of exertion stress, yielding a higher oxygen transport capacity. A typical human red blood cell has a disk diameter of approximately 6.2–8.2 µm and a thickness at the thickest point of 2–2.5 µm and a minimum thickness in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"malarial parasites into normal red cells. The proteins of the membrane skeleton are responsible for the deformability, flexibility and durability of the red blood cell, enabling it to squeeze through capillaries less than half the diameter of the red blood cell (7–8 μm) and recovering the discoid shape as soon as these cells stop receiving compressive forces, in a similar fashion to an object made of rubber. There are currently more than 50 known membrane proteins, which can exist in a few hundred up to a million copies per red blood cell. Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood vessel\",\n \"text\": \"vessels function to transport blood. In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Blood vessels also circulate blood throughout the circulatory system Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95–100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from the pulmonary vein, the saturation of hemoglobin is about 75%. (The values are reversed in the pulmonary circulation.) In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"588395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"(which he later renamed to O). Landsteiner described the regular patterns in which reactions occurred when serum was mixed with red blood cells, thus identifying compatible and conflicting combinations between these blood groups. A year later Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli, two colleagues of Landsteiner, identified a fourth blood group—AB. In 1959, by use of X-ray crystallography, Dr. Max Perutz was able to unravel the structure of hemoglobin, the red blood cell protein that carries oxygen. The oldest intact red blood cells ever discovered were found in Ötzi the Iceman, a natural mummy of a man who died around\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells and the blood. The cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function such as deformability and stability while traversing the circulatory system and specifically the capillary network. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a cell nucleus and most organelles, in order to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin; they can be viewed as sacks of hemoglobin, with a plasma membrane as the sack. Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766105\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"order to stimulate production of red blood cells. Both practices are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The first person to describe red blood cells was the young Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam, who had used an early microscope in 1658 to study the blood of a frog. Unaware of this work, Anton van Leeuwenhoek provided another microscopic description in 1674, this time providing a more precise description of red blood cells, even approximating their size, \\\"25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand\\\". In 1901, Karl Landsteiner published his discovery of the three main blood groups—A, B, and C\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766139\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"of non-coding DNA in the genome. The argument runs as follows: Efficient gas transport requires red blood cells to pass through very narrow capillaries, and this constrains their size. In the absence of nuclear elimination, the accumulation of repeat sequences is constrained by the volume occupied by the nucleus, which increases with genome size. Nucleated red blood cells in mammals consist of two forms: normoblasts, which are normal erythropoietic precursors to mature red blood cells, and megaloblasts, which are abnormally large precursors that occur in megaloblastic anemias. Red blood cells are deformable, flexible, are able to adhere to other cells,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"though it has other names and is commonly just called \\\"negative\\\" or \\\"positive.\\\" Unlike the ABO antigens, a recipient will not usually react to the first incompatible transfusion because the adaptive immune system does not immediately recognize it. After an incompatible transfusion the recipient may develop an antibody to the antigen and will react to any further incompatible transfusions. This antibody is important because it is the most frequent cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Incompatible red blood cells are sometimes given to recipients who will never become pregnant, such as males or postmenopausal women, as long as they\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"endothelial cells. Exposure of red blood cells to physiological levels of shear stress activates nitric oxide synthase and export of nitric oxide, which may contribute to the regulation of vascular tonus. Red blood cells can also produce hydrogen sulfide, a signalling gas that acts to relax vessel walls. It is believed that the cardioprotective effects of garlic are due to red blood cells converting its sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide. Red blood cells also play a part in the body's immune response: when lysed by pathogens such as bacteria, their hemoglobin releases free radicals, which break down the pathogen's cell\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"transferrin. Almost all red blood cells are removed in this manner from the circulation before they are old enough to hemolyze. Hemolyzed hemoglobin is bound to a protein in plasma called haptoglobin, which is not excreted by the kidney. Blood diseases involving the red blood cells include: Red blood cells may be given as part of a blood transfusion. Blood may be donated from another person, or stored by the recipient at an earlier date. Donated blood usually requires screening to ensure that donors do not contain risk factors for the presence of blood-borne diseases, or will not suffer themselves\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766133\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"Blood cell A blood cell, also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include; Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood. Red blood cells or \\\"erythrocytes\\\", primarily carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide through the use of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that gives red blood cells their color and facilitates transportation of oxygen from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766142\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red pulp\",\n \"text\": \"cells attempting to squeeze through the narrow intercellular spaces become badly damaged, and are subsequently devoured by macrophages in the red pulp. In addition to clearing aged red blood cells, the sinusoids also filter out cellular debris, particles that could clutter up the bloodstream. Red pulp consists of a dense network of fine reticular fiber, continuous with those of the splenic trabeculae, to which are applied flat, branching cells. The meshes of the reticulum are filled with blood: Macrophages are highly diverse mononuclear phagocytes that are present throughout the body, including the spleen. Those located in the red pulp are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7735154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"the presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or \\\"formed elements\\\") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"the DNA in the white cells and prevents graft versus host disease, which may happen if the blood donor and recipient are closely related, and is also important for immunocompromized patients. Other modifications, such as washing the RBCs to remove any remaining plasma, are much less common. With additive solutions, RBCs are typically kept at refrigerated temperatures for up to 45 days. In some patients, use of RBCs that are much fresher is important; for example, US guidelines call for blood less than seven days old to be used for neonatals, to \\\"ensure optimal cell function\\\". However, the phenomenon of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"oxygen has been released the resulting deoxyhemoglobin is of a dark red burgundy color. However, blood can appear bluish when seen through the vessel wall and skin. Pulse oximetry takes advantage of the hemoglobin color change to directly measure the arterial blood oxygen saturation using colorimetric techniques. Hemoglobin also has a very high affinity for carbon monoxide, forming carboxyhemoglobin which is a very bright red in color. Flushed, confused patients with a saturation reading of 100% on pulse oximetry are sometimes found to be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Having oxygen-carrying proteins inside specialized cells (as opposed to oxygen carriers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766109\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among many others. These membrane proteins can perform a wide diversity of functions, such as transporting ions and molecules across the red cell membrane, adhesion and interaction with other cells such as endothelial cells, as signaling receptors, as well as other currently unknown functions. The blood types of humans are due to variations in surface glycoproteins of red blood cells. Disorders of the proteins in these membranes are associated with many disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary stomatocytosis, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The red blood cell\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"is cut in a way to ensure that the spine is not severed, hence the brain may send commands to the heart to pump blood to it for oxygen. In this way, blood is removed from the body, and the meat is generally now safe to cook and eat. In modern times, blood transfusions are generally not considered against the rules. Based on their interpretation of scriptures such as Acts 15:28, 29 (\\\"Keep abstaining...from blood.\\\"), many Jehovah's Witnesses neither consume blood nor accept transfusions of whole blood or its major components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (thrombocytes), and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cord blood bank\",\n \"text\": \"private banks, partly because most treatable conditions can't use one's own cord blood. Cord blood contains hematopoietic stem cells (which can differentiate only into blood cells), and should not be confused with embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into any cell in the body. Cord blood stem cells are blood cell progenitors which can form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This is why cord blood cells are currently used to treat blood and immune system related genetic diseases, cancers, and blood disorders. On the possibility that cord blood stem cells could be used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4029153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nucleated red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"Nucleated red blood cell All vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing cells in their blood and with the exception of mammals, all of these red blood cells contain a nucleus. Mammals represent ~5,500 named species out of ~66,000 vertebrate species, and within this ~8% subgroup, red blood cells are known as erythrocytes or RBCs and lack a cell nucleus in mature organisms. In contrast, a nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), also known by several other names, is a mammalian RBC that contains a cell nucleus. NRBCs occur in normal development as progenitor cells in the erythropoietic lineage and in pathological states. Normally,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18605502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"by giving blood. Blood is usually collected and tested for common or serious Blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. The blood type (A, B, AB, or O) or the blood product is identified. This relates to the presence of antigens on the cell's surface. After this process, the blood is stored, and within a short duration is used. Blood can be given as a whole product or the red blood cells separated as packed red blood cells. Blood is often transfused when there is known anaemia, active bleeding, or when there is an expectation of serious blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell distribution width\",\n \"text\": \"Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width (RDW or RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD) is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Usually red blood cells are a standard size of about 6-8 μm in diameter. Certain disorders, however, cause a significant variation in cell size. Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size. Normal reference range of RDW-CV in human red blood cells is 11.5-14.5%. If anemia is observed, RDW test results are often used together with mean corpuscular\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2964005\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"cells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ion transported in plasma. Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and dark red when it is deoxygenated. Some animals, such as crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nucleated red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"also be caused by the bites of certain urban spiders, resulting in a condition known as \\\"Spider Man Syndrome\\\". Nucleated red blood cell All vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing cells in their blood and with the exception of mammals, all of these red blood cells contain a nucleus. Mammals represent ~5,500 named species out of ~66,000 vertebrate species, and within this ~8% subgroup, red blood cells are known as erythrocytes or RBCs and lack a cell nucleus in mature organisms. In contrast, a nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), also known by several other names, is a mammalian RBC that contains a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18605506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell indices\",\n \"text\": \"is the average concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of red blood cells and is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Red blood cell indices Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Abnormal values indicate the presence of anemia and which type of anemia it is. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the average volume of a red blood cell and is calculated by dividing the hematocrit (Hct) by the concentration of red blood cell count. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the average amount of hemoglobin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11517493\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cells at Work!\",\n \"text\": \"Cells at Work! The story takes place inside the human body, where trillions of anthropomorphic cells each do their job to keep the body healthy. The series largely focuses on two such cells; a rookie red blood cell, AE3803, who often gets lost during deliveries, and a relentless white blood cell, U-1146, who fights against any germs that invade the body. The manga was launched in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine \\\"Monthly Shōnen Sirius\\\" in March 2015. Kodansha has collected the manga into five \\\"tankōbon\\\" volumes . The manga received a spinoff in the May 2017 issue of \\\"Nakayoshi\\\" called \\\"Hataraku\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20189986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human body\",\n \"text\": \"then used to create proteins which form the basis for cells, their activity, and their products. Proteins dictate cell function and gene expression, a cell is able to self-regulate by the amount of proteins produced. However, not all cells have DNA – some cells such as mature red blood cells lose their nucleus as they mature. The body consists of many different types of tissue, defined as cells that act with a specialised function. The study of tissues is called histology and often occurs with a microscope. The body consists of four main types of tissues – lining cells (epithelia),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"648880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Packed red blood cells\",\n \"text\": \"do not have an antibody, since the greatest risk of Rh incompatible blood is to current or future pregnancies. For RBCs, type O negative blood is considered a \\\"universal donor\\\" as recipients with types A, B, or AB can almost always receive O negative blood safely. Type AB positive is considered a \\\"universal recipient\\\" because they can receive the other ABO/Rh types safely. These are not truly universal, as other red cell antigens can further complicate transfusions. There are many other human blood group systems and most of them are only rarely associated with transfusion problems. A screening test is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10002666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood red\",\n \"text\": \"wound, and it does not change color upon exposure to air. The color \\\"blood red\\\", therefore, covers both these states: the darker deoxygenated color and the brighter oxygenated one. Also, dried blood often has a darker, rust-colored quality: all dried blood has been oxygenated and then desiccated, causing the cells within it to die. This blood is often darker than either shade of red that can be seen in fresh blood. In the RGB color spectrum blood red often consists only of the color red, with no green or blue component; in the CYMK color model blood red has no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20354144\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"Blood Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"TPI1\",\n \"text\": \"Since the anemia results from the premature breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis), it is known as hemolytic anemia. A shortage of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body leads to extreme tiredness (fatigue), pale skin (pallor), and shortness of breath. When the red cells are broken down, iron and a molecule called bilirubin are released; individuals with triosephosphate isomerase deficiency have an excess of these substances circulating in the blood. Excess bilirubin in the blood causes jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Movement problems typically become apparent by age\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11590094\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Whole blood\",\n \"text\": \"developing world and military. It is used to make a number of blood products including packed red blood cells, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma. Whole blood has similar risks to a transfusion of red blood cells and must be cross-matched to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions. Most of the indications for use are identical to those for RBCs, and whole blood is not used because the extra plasma can contribute to transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO), a potentially dangerous complication. Whole blood is sometimes \\\"recreated\\\" from stored red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for neonatal transfusions. This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1684540\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell indices\",\n \"text\": \"Red blood cell indices Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Abnormal values indicate the presence of anemia and which type of anemia it is. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the average volume of a red blood cell and is calculated by dividing the hematocrit (Hct) by the concentration of red blood cell count. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the average amount of hemoglobin (Hb) per red blood cell and is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the red blood cell count. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11517492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood doping\",\n \"text\": \"Forces commanders at Fort Bragg started experimenting with blood doping, also known as blood loading. Special Forces operators would provide two units of whole blood, from which red blood cells would be extracted, concentrated, and stored under cold temperatures. 24 hours before a mission or battle, a small amount of red blood cells would be infused back into the soldier. Military scientists believe that the procedure increases the soldiers’s endurance and alertness because of the increase in the blood's capability to carry oxygen. In 1998, the Australian Defence Forces approved this technique for the Special Air Service Regiment. Senior nutritionist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5364157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood doping\",\n \"text\": \"Blood doping Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete’s aerobic capacity (VO max) and endurance. Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports. Blood doping is defined as the use of illicit products (e.g. erythropoietin (EPO), darbepoetin-alfa, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers) and methods (e.g. increase aerobic capacity by maximizing the uptake of O) in order to enhance the O transport\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5364134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"many invertebrates, these oxygen-carrying proteins are freely soluble in the blood; in vertebrates they are contained in specialized red blood cells, allowing for a higher concentration of respiratory pigments without increasing viscosity or damaging blood filtering organs like the kidneys. Giant tube worms have unusual hemoglobins that allow them to live in extraordinary environments. These hemoglobins also carry sulfides normally fatal in other animals. The coloring matter of blood (hemochrome) is largely due to the protein in the blood responsible for oxygen transport. Different groups of organisms use different proteins. Hemoglobin is the principal determinant of the color of blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47142\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Biconcave disc\",\n \"text\": \"characteristic red color and transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Mature red blood cells are round and biconcave because they lack a nucleus and unlike other cells, red cells require a small amount of oxygen for its metabolism and most oxygen is freed into the tissues. The absence of nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria partly contributes to the red blood cell’s disc-like structure which leaves room for hundreds of millions of hemoglobin molecules found within the cells. Hemoglobin is a red and iron-rich protein that merges with oxygen to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. Both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19125659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood test\",\n \"text\": \"Blood tests are also used in drug tests to detect drug abuse. In some of the United States, a blood test is required before marriage. Venipuncture is useful as it is a minimally invasive way to obtain cells and extracellular fluid (plasma) from the body for analysis. Blood flows throughout the body, acting as a medium which provides oxygen and nutrients to tissues and carries waste products back to the excretory systems for disposal. Consequently, the state of the bloodstream affects, or is affected by, many medical conditions. For these reasons, blood tests are the most commonly performed medical tests.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2188425\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"and are able to interface with immune cells. Their membrane plays many roles in this. These functions are highly dependent on the membrane composition. The red blood cell membrane is composed of 3 layers: the glycocalyx on the exterior, which is rich in carbohydrates; the lipid bilayer which contains many transmembrane proteins, besides its lipidic main constituents; and the membrane skeleton, a structural network of proteins located on the inner surface of the lipid bilayer. Half of the membrane mass in human and most mammalian red blood cells are proteins. The other half are lipids, namely phospholipids and cholesterol. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cells at Work!\",\n \"text\": \"in the molecular neuro-oncology department of Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, praised the series' depiction of cancer cells during the series' seventh episode. Biology teachers at a high school affiliated with China's Southwest University were so impressed with the accuracy of the series they assigned it as homework for their students. Cells at Work! The story takes place inside the human body, where trillions of anthropomorphic cells each do their job to keep the body healthy. The series largely focuses on two such cells; a rookie red blood cell, AE3803, who often gets lost during deliveries, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20189992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell distribution width\",\n \"text\": \"and high MCV. Mixed-deficiency (iron + B12 or folate) anemia usually presents with high RDW and variable MCV. Recent hemorrhages typically present with high RDW and normal MCV. A false high RDW reading can occur if EDTA anticoagulated blood is used instead of citrated blood. See Pseudothrombocytopenia. 7. http://rdwbloodtest.com Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width (RDW or RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD) is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Usually red blood cells\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2964009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood volume\",\n \"text\": \"Blood volume Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual. A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood volume. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys. Blood volume (BV) can be calculated given the hematocrit (HC; the fraction of blood that is red blood cells) and plasma volume (PV), with the hematocrit being regulated via the blood oxygen content regulator: Blood volume measurement may be used in people with congestive heart failure, chronic hypertension, renal failure\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5890313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood substitute\",\n \"text\": \"many of the vital functions of natural blood. PFC particles are about th the size of the diameter of a red blood cell (RBC). This small size can enable PFC particles to traverse capillaries through which no RBCs are flowing. In theory this can benefit damaged, blood-starved tissue, which conventional red cells cannot reach. PFC solutions can carry oxygen so well that mammals, including humans, can survive breathing liquid PFC solution, called liquid breathing. Perfluorocarbon-based blood substitutes are completely man-made; this provides advantages over blood substitutes that rely on modified haemoglobin, such as unlimited manufacturing capabilities, ability to be heat-sterilized,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2463147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"wide variety of endogenous mediators and xenobiotics. Excessive eryptosis is observed in red blood cells lacking the cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I or the AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK. Inhibitors of eryptosis include erythropoietin, nitric oxide, catecholamines and high concentrations of urea. Much of the resulting breakdown products are recirculated in the body. The heme constituent of hemoglobin are broken down into iron (Fe) and biliverdin. The biliverdin is reduced to bilirubin, which is released into the plasma and recirculated to the liver bound to albumin. The iron is released into the plasma to be recirculated by a carrier protein called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766132\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"hemoglobin with a much higher affinity for oxygen (hemoglobin F) to function under these conditions. CO is carried in blood in three different ways. (The exact percentages vary depending whether it is arterial or venous blood). Most of it (about 70%) is converted to bicarbonate ions by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells by the reaction CO + HO → HCO → H + ; about 7% is dissolved in the plasma; and about 23% is bound to hemoglobin as carbamino compounds. Hemoglobin, the main oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells, carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47136\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Whole blood\",\n \"text\": \"be pooled from multiple donors to get enough for a therapeutic dose. The collected blood is generally separated into components by one of three methods. A centrifuge can be used in a \\\"hard spin\\\" which separates whole blood into plasma and red cells or for a \\\"soft spin\\\" which separates it into plasma, buffy coat (used to make platelets), and red blood cells. The third method is sedimentation: the blood simply sits overnight and the red cells and plasma are separated by gravitational interactions. Whole blood is typically stored under the same conditions as red blood cells and can be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1684542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood red\",\n \"text\": \"dark red state, but quickly oxygenates upon exposure to air, turning a brighter shade of red. This happens more quickly with smaller volumes of blood such as a pinprick and less quickly from cuts or punctures that cause greater blood flows such as a puncture in the basilic vein: all blood collected during a phlebotomy procedure is deoxygenated blood, and it does not usually have a chance to become oxygenated upon leaving the body. Arterial blood, which is already oxygenated, is also already a brighter shade of red— this is the blood see from a pulsating neck, arm, or leg\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20354143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Carotid body\",\n \"text\": \"Carotid body The carotid body (\\\"carotid glomus\\\" or \\\"glomus caroticum\\\") is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. The carotid body is made up of two types of cells, called glomus cells: glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors, and glomus type II cells are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2815442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"White Blood Cells (album)\",\n \"text\": \"Loretta Lynn, creating a friendship between Lynn and both Jack and Meg White. In 2004, Jack White would produce Lynn's comeback hit album \\\"Van Lear Rose\\\". Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald created an online-only art project, titled \\\"Redd Blood Cells\\\", in which he added a bass track to the otherwise bass-less album. The White Stripes arranged with Steven to take the files down after more than 60,000 downloads. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" named \\\"White Blood Cells\\\" the nineteenth best album of the decade, and \\\"Fell in Love with a Girl\\\" the fifty-eighth best song of the decade. \\\"Q\\\" listed \\\"White Blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013361\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood Cells (film)\",\n \"text\": \"As eruptions from his secret past begin to emerge, Adam struggles to break free from an exile that must now end before it swallows him for good. The film was released through Picturehouse cinemas on 30 June 2015 \\\"Blood Cells\\\" received critical acclaim. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 100% rating, an average score of 7.3/10. Kevin Maher at The Times give the film 4/5 stars and stated 'is a ridiculously accomplished film…it signals the arrival of future film-making heavyweights' Blood Cells (film) Blood Cells is a 2015 British drama film directed by Luke Seomore &\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19910624\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red blood cell\",\n \"text\": \"and a torus-shaped rim on the edge of the disk. This shape allows for a high surface-area-to-volume (SA/V) ratio to facilitate diffusion of gases. However, there are some exceptions concerning shape in the artiodactyl order (even-toed ungulates including cattle, deer, and their relatives), which displays a wide variety of bizarre red blood cell morphologies: small and highly ovaloid cells in llamas and camels (family Camelidae), tiny spherical cells in mouse deer (family Tragulidae), and cells which assume fusiform, lanceolate, crescentic, and irregularly polygonal and other angular forms in red deer and wapiti (family Cervidae). Members of this order have clearly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"766111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combustion\",\n \"text\": \"humans become unconscious or die. Exposure to moderate and high levels of carbon monoxide over long periods of time are positively correlation with risk of heart disease. People who survive severe CO poisoning may suffer long-term health problems. Carbon monoxide from air is absorbed in the lungs which then binds with hemoglobin in human's red blood cells. This would reduce the capacity of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Smouldering is the slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel. It is a typically\",\n \"psg_id\": \"68426\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"White Blood Cells (album)\",\n \"text\": \"book \\\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\\\". Some editions were released with a bonus DVD. White Blood Cells (album) White Blood Cells is the third studio album by American garage rock duo The White Stripes, released on July 3, 2001. Recorded in less than one week at Easley-McCain Recording in Memphis, Tennessee, and produced by frontman and guitarist Jack White, it was the band's final record released independently on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Bolstered by the hit single \\\"Fell in Love with a Girl\\\", the record propelled The White Stripes into early commercial popularity and critical success.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aortic body\",\n \"text\": \"Aortic body The aortic body is one of several small clusters of peripheral chemoreceptors known as glomus cells, baroreceptors, and supporting cells located along the aortic arch. Some sources equate the \\\"aortic bodies\\\" and \\\"paraaortic bodies\\\", while other sources explicitly distinguish between the two. When a distinction is made, the \\\"aortic bodies\\\" are chemoreceptors which regulate the circulatory system, while the \\\"paraaortic bodies\\\" are the chromaffin cells which manufacture catecholamines. A chemoreceptor present on the aortic arch. It measures changes in blood pressure and the composition of arterial blood flowing past it, including the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4433119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bartenieff Fundamentals\",\n \"text\": \"of life, the most basic sense of being. The most fundamental movement, lungs and also oxygen in blood flow and saturation of cells (cellular breathing), moves through a rhythm of expanding and condensing. When breath is integrated throughout the body, then all parts of the body will move at least slightly in coordination with the in / out breath rhythm. Use the breath pattern to recuperate and get in touch with one’s own \\\"internal state\\\", with one’s body self, \\\"proprioceptive self\\\", \\\"where you are in the moment\\\", to find your entire body connected through your internal core. \\\"Naval radiation to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3197933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blood\",\n \"text\": \"carry oxygen, instead of hemoglobin. Insects and some mollusks use a fluid called hemolymph instead of blood, the difference being that hemolymph is not contained in a closed circulatory system. In most insects, this \\\"blood\\\" does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules such as hemoglobin because their bodies are small enough for their tracheal system to suffice for supplying oxygen. Jawed vertebrates have an adaptive immune system, based largely on white blood cells. White blood cells help to resist infections and parasites. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood. Arthropods, using hemolymph, have hemocytes as part of their immune system. Blood\",\n \"psg_id\": \"47123\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"White Blood Cells (album)\",\n \"text\": \"guitar, drums and piano.\\\" The duo intended to break away from the \\\"bringing-back-the-blues label,\\\" instead containing piano-driven tracks that, to that point, remained unrecorded. Influences are present from a variety of genres, including childlike love songs (\\\"We're Going to Be Friends\\\"). \\\"White Blood Cells\\\" was rushed onto the shelves by Sympathy, although the record label wasn't prepared to handle the hype that would surround the record. \\\"White Blood Cells\\\" was released to nearly universal acclaim. On Metacritic, the album received a weighted mean score of 86/100, which translates to \\\"universal acclaim.\\\" Considered the band's commercial breakthrough, \\\"White Blood Cells\\\" peaked\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013359\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bone marrow barrier","medulla ossium rubra","bone marrow stromal cells","hematopoietic microenvironment","stroma of bone marrow","red bone marrow","bone marrow","bone marrow stroma","myeloic tissue","medulla ossea","bone marrow cells","red marrow","bone marrow","bone marrow donation","myeloid to erythroid ratio","bone marrow fat cell","yellow bone marrow","yellow marrow","bone marrow diseases","medulla ossium flava","myeloid/erythroid ratio"],"string":"[\n \"bone marrow barrier\",\n \"medulla ossium rubra\",\n \"bone marrow stromal cells\",\n \"hematopoietic microenvironment\",\n \"stroma of bone marrow\",\n \"red bone marrow\",\n \"bone marrow\",\n \"bone marrow stroma\",\n \"myeloic tissue\",\n \"medulla ossea\",\n \"bone marrow cells\",\n \"red marrow\",\n \"bone marrow\",\n \"bone marrow donation\",\n \"myeloid to erythroid ratio\",\n \"bone marrow fat cell\",\n \"yellow bone marrow\",\n \"yellow marrow\",\n \"bone marrow diseases\",\n \"medulla ossium flava\",\n \"myeloid/erythroid ratio\"\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":785,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":78785,"offset":78500,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4NzE0OTYxNSwianRpIjoiNmZjZWZlMjUtNjU4Ny00NmE2LWIyZTYtNjc5YWE3MjFjZDM1Iiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvdHFhIiwiZXhwIjoxNzg3MTUzMjE1LCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.5oRjZ2_szmA_CD2x31FcRHGv2kL8zNLNUd3JPLIZJlhUGVFBJqu1KH26baMm3J0L60LMiRxy7vTfsMKjjyxEBQ","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":78785,"numBytesParquet":2563532911},{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":8837,"numBytesParquet":287014903},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":11313,"numBytesParquet":2487368}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":1,"total":1},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
question stringlengths 18 1.2k | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what is the chosen profession of serial comic hero tintin? | [
{
"title": "Tintin in the Land of the Soviets",
"text": "to scare away a real tiger. Hergé biographer Pierre Assouline described the comic writer's image of the Soviet Union as being \"a Dantesque vision of poverty, famine, terror, and repression\". Marking the release of Steven Spielberg's \"\" film in 201... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Adventures of Tintin",
"text": "pseudonymous Jack Daniels, \"\" (1989) is a revolutionary socialist comic set in Britain during the 1980s, with Tintin and his uncle (modelled after Captain Haddock) being working class Englishmen who turn to socialism in order to oppose the capitalist policie... | [
"broadcast journalist",
"ace reporter",
"juornalist",
"television journalist",
"journo",
"newsman",
"journalists",
"reporter",
"newspaper men",
"television journalist",
"news paper woman",
"newspaper man",
"news reporter",
"newspaper reporter",
"reporters",
"media coverage",
"news pa... |
november 18, 1928 saw the introduction of first fully synchronized sound cartoon, steamboat willie, which featured what iconic cartoon character? | [
{
"title": "Steamboat Willie",
"text": "Steamboat Willie Steamboat Willie is a 1928 American animated short film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white by Walt Disney Studios and was released by Celebrity Productions. The cartoon is considered the debut of Mickey Mouse and... | [] | [
{
"title": "Steamboat Willie",
"text": "The real first cartoon with synchronized sound, was My Old Kentucky Home. \"Steamboat Willie\" is especially notable for being the first Disney cartoon with synchronized sound, including character sounds and a musical score. Disney understood from early on that synchr... | [
"mickey mouse operation",
"electoral career of mickey mouse",
"mickey mouse operations",
"micky mouse",
"mickey mouse",
"mickey the mouse",
"miki mouse",
"mickey mouse",
"mickey mouse operation"
] |
which of the 6 simple machines requires the use of a fulcrum? | [
{
"title": "The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993)",
"text": "as well as two rants by Juliana Luecking, one of which is spoken in a fake Baltimore accent. It also contains two songs by Geek called \"Herasure\" and \"Hemingway Shotgun\", the latter of which Allmusic has mistakenly referred to as \"He... | [] | [
{
"title": "Simple Machines Forum",
"text": "Simple Machines Forum Simple Machines Forum software, or SMF software, is an open-source, Internet forum, message-board program developed by \"Simple Machines\". The name reflects the communities' initial goal of providing a program that could be operated by novi... | [
"levers",
"first-class lever",
"third-class lever",
"fulcrum (mechanics)",
"fulcrum (lever)",
"lever",
"second-class lever"
] |
the state department of health recently announced the top baby names for the year 2009. isabella was the top girls name. what named topped the list for boys? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Top Notes",
"text": "The Pearls, and Howie and the Sapphires. These groups released records on Aladdin, Cat, Atco and Okeh Records respectively. In a 2015 interview, Martin suggests that the formation of The Top Notes was just a name-change to move away from names that had previously been as... | [
"alexandar",
"alaksandar",
"oleksandr",
"alexender",
"aleksandr",
"olexandr",
"aleksander",
"rulers alexander",
"rednaxela",
"alexander (name of several early bishops)",
"alexander (name of seven men)",
"allistair",
"aleksandar",
"alexander",
"aliaksandr",
"aleck"
] |
draining into the atlantic, what is the largest river in the world by volume, exceeding the next 8 rivers combined? | [
{
"title": "Source of the Amazon River",
"text": "the Mantaro. Explorers and scholars have identified each of the three rivers as being the source of the Amazon under one of the three definitions. The Mantaro is the most distant upstream point; the Maraňón is the main stem of the Amazon; and the Apurímac is... | [] | [
{
"title": "The World Is What It Is",
"text": "The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quo... | [
"the amazon",
"amazone (ship)",
"amazons (comics)",
"amazons (disambiguation)",
"amazon",
"amazon (tv series)",
"amazon (disambiguation)",
"amazon (ship)",
"amazone"
] |
with a top wind speed of 380 mph, the fujita scale is used to measure what? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Fujita scale",
"text": "Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Tornado Database. Fujita rated tornadoes from 1916–1992 and Tom Grazulis of The Tornado Project retroactively rated all known significant tornadoes (F2–F5 or causing a fatality) in the U.S. back to 1880. The Fujita scale was adop... | [
"tornado (ride)",
"tornado ride",
"tornado (computer game)",
"tornado (disambiguation)",
"tornados",
"tornado (video game)",
"tornado aircraft"
] |
according to the proverb, in the kingdom of the blind, the one eyed man is what? | [
{
"title": "The Country of the Blind",
"text": "them early on, rendering all newborns blind. As the blindness slowly spread over many generations, the people's remaining senses sharpened, and by the time the last sighted villager had died, the community had fully adapted to life without sight. Nuñez descend... | [] | [
{
"title": "Exorcising the blind and mute man",
"text": "Exorcising the blind and mute man Exorcising the blind and mute man is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels. According to the Gospels, Jesus healed a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, so that he could both talk and see. People were as... | [
"king",
"king (title)",
"cyning",
"monarchs",
"ha-melech",
"hamelech",
"המלך",
"ha-melekh",
"hamelekh",
"cyng",
"ha melekh",
"king",
"king regnant",
"monarch",
"ha melech"
] |
crossing the rubicon can either be considered passing the point of no return or walking in front of a jeep. in what country does one find the rubicon river? | [
{
"title": "Crossing the Rubicon",
"text": "Italy. In January of 49 BC, Caesar brought the 13th legion across the river, which the Roman government considered insurrection, treason, and a declaration of war on the Roman Senate. According to some authors, he is said to have uttered the phrase \"\"alea iacta ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Crossing the Rubicon",
"text": "or group committing itself irrevocably to a risky or revolutionary course of action, similar to the modern phrase \"passing the point of no return\". Caesar's decision for swift action forced Pompey, the lawful consuls (C. Claudius Marcellus and L. Cornelius Lentu... | [
"environment of italy",
"italiën",
"subdivisions of italy",
"republic of italy",
"italy",
"iso 3166-1:it",
"etymology of italy",
"itali",
"pollution in italy",
"administrative divisions of italy",
"austrian empire (italy)",
"italija",
"italie",
"italia",
"italian republic",
"second it... |
which wizard of oz character was searching for brains? | [
{
"title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz",
"text": "cap to summon the Winged Monkeys two more times. When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard of Oz again, Toto tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room that reveals the Wizard. He sadly explains he is a humbug—an ordinary old man who, by a hot air ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Wizard of Oz (character)",
"text": "Wizard of Oz (character) Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkle Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs (also known as the Wizard of Oz and, during his reign, as Oz, the Great and Terrible) is a fictional character in the Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank B... | [
"murmet",
"crow scare",
"scarecrows",
"scarecrow",
"bodach-rocais",
"banishing crows from a field",
"scare crow",
"hodmedod",
"bwbach",
"tattie bogle",
"mommick",
"strawman (literal)",
"straw man (literal)",
"crowscare"
] |
what is the more common name for toxicodendron radicans, a poisonous vine known for its production of urushiol (oo-roo-shee-awl), a substance that causes an itching rash in most people who touch it? | [
{
"title": "Toxicodendron radicans",
"text": "Toxicodendron radicans Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is a poisonous Asian and Eastern North American flowering plant that is well-known for causing urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, an itchy, irritating, and somet... | [] | [
{
"title": "Toxicodendron radicans",
"text": "to the skin or taken by mouth, may be appropriate in extreme cases. An astringent containing aluminum acetate (such as Burow's solution) may also provide relief and soothe the uncomfortable symptoms of the rash. By using a detergent, the urushiol can be emulsifi... | [
"poison ivy (plant)",
"poison ivy",
"poison ivy",
"poison-ivy",
"toxicodendron radicans",
"rhus tox.",
"poison-ivy",
"toxicodendron negundo",
"poisen ivy",
"rhus toxicodendron",
"poison-ivy (plant)",
"rhus eximia",
"r. radicans",
"rhus intermedia",
"poison ivy (plant)",
"rhus verrucosa... |
what egyptian pharaoh was immortalized in a 1978 song by steve martin and the toot uncommons? | [
{
"title": "King Tut (song)",
"text": "King Tut (song) \"King Tut\" is a novelty song performed by Steve Martin and the Toot Uncommons (actually members of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band). It was released as a single in 1978, sold over a million copies, and reached number 17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Uncommons",
"text": "Greg May, Jeff Cassin, and Henry Chang, The Uncommons occupies the space of the former Village Chess Shop. Funded in part by a successful Kickstarter campaign, The Uncommons is Manhattan's only board game cafe as of 2015 and has been featured on television shows, includi... | [
"king tut",
"tutanhamon",
"tutankamun",
"tutankhamen",
"nebkheprure",
"tut-anj-amon",
"king tutankhamun",
"tutankhaten",
"tutankamen",
"king tut",
"tutankhaumen",
"tutenkhamun",
"king tut's death",
"tut-ankh-amun",
"tutankhamen's death mask",
"tutankamon",
"kingtut",
"tutenkamen",
... |
what playing card was introduced by us players in the 1860's as the ultimate trump card (the best bower) in the game of euchre? | [
{
"title": "Joker (playing card)",
"text": "suit, called the \"right bower\" (from the German \" or Jack\"); the second-highest trump, the \"left bower\", is the Jack of the suit of the same color as trumps. Around 1860, American Euchre players may have devised a higher trump, the \"Best Bower\", out of a b... | [] | [
{
"title": "Euchre game variations",
"text": "then the hand must be concluded with that player's cards face up. Game strategy The rules for 5 handed euchre can also be used for 6 handed by adding the final 8 and the 7's. The team that makes trump will usually end up playing 2 vs 4. Triple Wild Deck There ar... | [
"joker (disambiguation)",
"joker (dc comics)",
"jokers",
"joker",
"the joker (disambiguation)",
"joker (film)",
"the joker (roller coaster)"
] |
what video rental store, with over 5000 locations worldwide, recently announced their bankruptcy, after getting slaughtered in the marketplace by redbox and netflix? | [
{
"title": "Redbox",
"text": "the company. While traditional brick and mortar rental stores were closing at a high rate, Redbox moved into existing retail locations such as supermarkets, and placed kiosks within them or outside of them in order to gain that consumer base. The company surpassed Blockbuster i... | [] | [
{
"title": "Redbox",
"text": "Redbox Redbox Automated Retail LLC is an American company specializing in DVD, Blu-ray, 4K UHD and video game rentals via automated retail kiosks. Redbox kiosks feature the company's signature red color and are located at convenience stores, fast food restaurants, grocery store... | [
"blockbusters (game show)",
"blockbuster (disambiguation)",
"blockbusters (tv programme)",
"blockbusters",
"block buster",
"gold run",
"blockbuster",
"block buster",
"blockbuster (comics)"
] |
what sadly short lived sci fi show featured crewmembers wash, kaylee, and jayne, among others, aboard the spaceship serenity? | [
{
"title": "Sci-Fi on the Rock",
"text": "and television shows including , Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Pan's Labyrinth, and Hocus Pocus (1993 film), Jewel Staite, best known as Kaylee on Firefly (TV series) as well as from many television shows and films such as Stargate Atlantis, Higher Ground (TV series), T... | [] | [
{
"title": "Serenity (2005 film)",
"text": "by Alliance scientists into becoming a psychic and an assassin. She is rescued by her brother Simon (Sean Maher). During her training, River inadvertently read the minds of several top government officials and learned their secrets. Consequently, a top Alliance ag... | [
"firefly",
"cucullo",
"firefly flashing",
"lampyridae",
"peenie wallie",
"light bug",
"lightning beetle",
"lucciola",
"fireflies"
] |
in what nursery rhyme was the main character born on monday, christened on tues, married on wed, took ill on thurs, grew worse on fri, died on sat, and was buried on sun? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Fri. Sat. Sun",
"text": "list. The title track of the album, \"Fri. Sat. Sun\", written and composed by Shinsadong Tiger, Monster Factory and Samuel Ku, was released at midnight on September 29, 2016. Promotions for the single began on M!Countdown broadcast by Mnet. Fri. Sat. Sun Fri. Sat. Sun (... | [
"soloman grundy",
"solomon grundy",
"solomon grundy"
] |
what happens to water at 273.15 degrees kelvin? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "What Happens to My Family?",
"text": "each in turn comes to realize the reason for their father's bizarre behavior. To make him happy, all that the children have left is to set right their own lives. The drama aired with English subtitles on KBS World two weeks after its initial broadcast in Kor... | [
"it will freeze"
] |
name the artist and the title of this 1984 #1 hit: “i get up, and nothin' gets me down you got it tough, i've seen the toughest around and i know, baby, just how you feel you got to roll with the punches and get to what's real” | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "I Got You (I Feel Good)",
"text": "I Got You (I Feel Good) \"I Got You (I Feel Good)\" is a song by American singer James Brown. Recorded and released as a single in 1965, it was his highest charting song and is arguably his best-known recording. \"I Got You (I Feel Good)\" is a twelve-bar blues... | [
"jump by van halen"
] |
for a point each, name the 4 countries surrounding slovenia | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993",
"text": "Sweden, and 1 point each from Malta and Bosnia and Herzegovina, placing 22nd in a field of 25. As such, Slovenia were forced to sit out the following contest due to new relegation rules which forced the lowest-placed countries to withdraw. ... | [
"italy, croatia, hungary, and austria"
] |
what drink consists of 7 parts tequila, 4 parts cointreau or triple sec, and 3 parts lemon or lime juice? | [
{
"title": "Margarita",
"text": "ice in a salt-rimmed glass. However, Thomson's recipe was made with Damiana Liqueur, not Cointreau orange liqueur. It is said that the idea was an experiment after running out of rum while making frozen daiquiris. The IBA (IBA Official list of Cocktails) standard is 7:4:3, t... | [] | [
{
"title": "Cerveza preparada",
"text": "with ice. Coat the rim with a mixture of salt and chili powder. Pour in one part Clamato and the juice of half a lime or lemon. Add three parts Mexican beer and hot sauce to taste. A michelada is a Mexican drink made from beer mixed with spice, sauce and lime. Coat t... | [
"margerita",
"bob and rita",
"margarita glass",
"frozen margarita",
"margarita (cocktail)",
"margaritas",
"margarita (drink)",
"upside down margarita",
"margarita"
] |
springform, tube, and roasting are all types of what? | [
{
"title": "Springform pan",
"text": "constructed for cheesecakes. Springform pans, however, are also used in the preparation of pizzas, quiches, and frozen desserts. Although most cheesecakes are baked in a water bath, this does not mean that springform pans are waterproof around the base. Many may be wate... | [] | [
{
"title": "Coffee roasting",
"text": "(traditionally clarified butter) and a small amount of sugar prior to roasting to produce a \"butter roast\". The roasting process results in an additional caramelized coating on the beans. The most common roasting machines are of two basic types: drum and hot-air, alt... | [
"bakeware",
"cookware & bakeware",
"saucepan lid",
"sauce-pan",
"dishpan",
"saucepan",
"cooking pan",
"electric griddle",
"stewpot",
"cooking vessel",
"non-stick pan",
"pot (cooking)",
"cookware",
"caldero",
"pots and pans",
"bakeware and cookware",
"non-stick pans",
"baking pan",
... |
what frozen food item is mama celeste associated with? | [
{
"title": "Celeste (frozen pizza)",
"text": "product in 1969. Celeste frozen pizza was one of the top selling brands in the 1970s (with Mrs. Lizio, \"Mama Celeste,\" prominently featured in the brand's television advertising) but subsequently experienced declines. The Celeste brand was later acquired by Au... | [] | [
{
"title": "Frozen food",
"text": "a study, an American consumes on average 71 frozen foods a year, most of which are pre-cooked frozen meals. Frozen food Freezing food preserves it from the time it is prepared to the time it is eaten. Since early times, farmers, fishermen, and trappers have preserved grain... | [
"pizza shop",
"pepperoni pizza",
"pizza places",
"pizza crust",
"pizza topping",
"pizze",
"italian pie",
"pan pizza",
"pizza bread",
"kebabpizza",
"peetza",
"frozen pizza",
"pizza place",
"pizza parlor",
"pizza parlors",
"stuffed crust pizza",
"marinara pizza",
"pizza puffs",
"pi... |
what st. louis, mo based cereal company produces fruity pebbles, grape nuts, honey bunches of oats, and raisin bran, among many, many others? | [
{
"title": "Post Consumer Brands",
"text": "Post Consumer Brands Post Consumer Brands (previously Post Cereals and Postum Cereals) is an American consumer cereal brand that includes Honey Bunches of Oats, Pebbles, Great Grains, Post Shredded Wheat, Post Raisin Bran, Grape-Nuts, Honeycomb, Frosted Mini Spoon... | [] | [
{
"title": "Pebbles cereal",
"text": "Cocoa Pebbles, Fruity Pebbles has undergone many formula changes, additions and variants. The cereal started out with three colors—orange, red, and yellow—and natural orange, lemon and tangerine flavors, but were later flavored in natural orange and artificial lemon and... | [
"post",
"post (album)",
"post",
"post (disambiguation)",
"posting"
] |
nov 20, 1945 saw the start of the trials in what german city in which 24 high ranking nazis were indicted for participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of a crime against peace, planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace , war crimes, and crimes against h... | [
{
"title": "Crime against peace",
"text": "Crime against peace A crime against peace, in international law, is \"planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Crime against peace",
"text": "Although this manual recognizes the criminal responsibility of individuals for those offenses which may comprise any of the foregoing types of crimes, members of the armed forces will normally be concerned, only with those offenses constituting \"war crimes.\" (emp... | [
"nurnburg",
"nuernberg, germany",
"nuremberg, germany",
"nuremberg",
"un/locode:denue",
"neurenberg",
"nurnberg",
"norimbergæ",
"bombing of nuremberg",
"nürnburg",
"nüremberg",
"nurnberg, germany",
"nürnberg",
"nueremberg",
"neuremburg",
"nurumburg",
"nurenburg",
"nürnberg disp... |
portrayed in a seinfeld episode and a john travolta movie, what colloquialism is used to describe a person who must live in a microbiologically sterile environment for medical reasons? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "50 reasons people give for believing in a god",
"text": "what their parents taught them, and their parents wouldn't lie to them, or because that is what it says in their book of wisdom. Of the 50 reasons, Harrison concludes that the most common reasons people believe are because it is just obvio... | [
"bubble boy (disambiguation)",
"the boy in the bubble",
"bubble boy",
"boy in the bubble",
"bubble boy (disambiguation)",
"boy in the bubble (disambiguation)",
"boy in the bubble",
"bubble boy",
"the bubble boy",
"boy in a bubble"
] |
sunday marked the birthday of what noted french/american mathmetician, who was known as the father of fractal geometry? | [
{
"title": "The Fractal Geometry of Nature",
"text": "The Fractal Geometry of Nature The Fractal Geometry of Nature is a 1982 book by the Franco-American mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot. \"The Fractal Geometry of Nature\" is a revised and enlarged version of his 1977 book entitled \"Fractals: Form, Chance a... | [] | [
{
"title": "Sunday (The Day Before My Birthday)",
"text": "Sunday (The Day Before My Birthday) \"Sunday (The Day Before My Birthday)\" is a song by American electronica musician Moby. It was released as the fourth single from his sixth studio album \"18\" on February 24, 2003. The song features a samples of... | [
"benoit mandelbrot",
"benoît mandelbrot",
"benoît b. mandelbrot",
"benoit b. mandelbrot",
"benoit mandlebrot",
"benoit mandelbrot",
"b. mandelbrot",
"benoit mandelbrodt",
"benoît mandelbrot"
] |
known as the equality state, what was the 44th state to join the union on jul 10, 1890? | [
{
"title": "SS Equality State (T-ACS-8)",
"text": "was designated for disposal in August 2016. SS Equality State (T-ACS-8) SS \"Equality State\" (T-ACS-8) is a crane ship of the United States Navy. The ship is named for the state of Wyoming, which is also known as the \"Equality State\". Equality State was ... | [] | [
{
"title": "2016 State of the Union Address",
"text": "2016 State of the Union Address The 2016 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 12, 2016, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 114th Unit... | [
"state of wyoming",
"wyoming state symbols",
"wyoming (state)",
"wyoming",
"cowboy state",
"geography of wyoming",
"education in wyoming",
"transport in wyoming",
"forty-fourth state",
"law and government of wyoming",
"constitution of the state of wyoming",
"symbols of the state of wyoming",
... |
name the 1980 movie and character/actor that featured the quote “joey, have you ever been in a… in a turkish prison?” and “joey, do you like movies about gladiators?” | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Something About You (Joey Yung album)",
"text": "四面台 (like in Show Up Live). Though 舊日回憶的山丘 and 早有預謀 were performed only once live (in the 903 id Club Music is Live concert), this shows that they were still songs of great quality. Joey said that when she finished recording the album, she was par... | [
"peter graves as captain oveur in airplane!"
] |
nov 22, 1995 saw the theatrical release of one of the top grossing films of that year, the first feature film to be made entirely with cgi? | [
{
"title": "Modern animation in the United States",
"text": "The film \"Titanic\" used computer effects in nearly every scene of its three-hour running time; one of the film's 11 Oscars was for special effects. While Disney had made the film \"Tron\"—which extensively mixed live action, traditional animatio... | [] | [
{
"title": "Lists of animated feature films",
"text": "Lists of animated feature films This list of animated feature films compiles animated feature films from around the world and is organized alphabetically under the year of release (the year the completed film was first released to the public). Theatrica... | [
"to infinity and beyond (catchphrase)",
"toy story (soundtrack)",
"toy story 1",
"toy story (movie)",
"toy story",
"toy story",
"toystory",
"a toy story",
"toy story 3-d",
"toystory",
"to infinity and beyond",
"to infity and beyond (catchphrase)",
"production of toy story",
"you are a toy"... |
the brother of which u.s. president was the commercial spokesman for billy beer? | [
{
"title": "Billy Carter",
"text": "elective office. In the 1970s Billy Carter was the official spokesperson for Peanut Lolita liqueur while his brother, Jimmy Carter held presidential office. In 1977, he endorsed Billy Beer, introduced by the Falls City Brewing Company, who wished to capitalize upon his co... | [] | [
{
"title": "Billy Beer",
"text": "Billy Beer Billy Beer was a beer first made in the United States in July 1977, by the Falls City Brewing Company. It was promoted by Billy Carter, whose older brother Jimmy was the incumbent President of the United States. In October 1978, Falls City announced that it was c... | [
"james earl carter jr.",
"james carter, jr",
"james earl %22jimmie%22 carter jr.",
"carter, jimmy",
"james earl carter, jr",
"jimmie carter",
"jimmie carter jr.",
"james earl %22jimmie%22 carter, junior",
"jimmy carter, jr",
"james earl %22jimmie%22 carter junior",
"carter, james earl",
"james... |
nov 22, 1963 saw the last presidential assassination take place. for a point each, name the 4 presidents who's lives have been thusly cut short. | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Religious affiliations of Presidents of the United States",
"text": "White House, is the church nearest to the White House, and its services have been attended at least once by nearly every President since James Madison (1809–1817). Another Episcopal church, Washington National Cathedral, charte... | [
"abrham lincoln, james a. garfield, william mckinley, john f. kennedy"
] |
with examples such as tulip, south sea company, and .com, what is the name for the economic condition characterized by "trade in high volumes at prices that are considerably at variance with intrinsic values"? | [
{
"title": "Economic bubble",
"text": "tulip mania (in the mid-1630s) is often considered the first recorded economic bubble. Because it is often difficult to observe intrinsic values in real-life markets, bubbles are often conclusively identified only in retrospect, once a sudden drop in prices has occurre... | [] | [
{
"title": "Sea tulip",
"text": "tulips are animals and not plants. Two examples of sea squirts known as sea tulips are \"P. pachydermatina\" and \"P. spinifera\". Sea tulip Sea tulip is the common name of a few species of sessile ascidians (sea squirts) in the genus \"Pyura\" that live in coastal waters at... | [
"bubbling",
"bubble (disambiguation)",
"bubble (song)",
"bubbling (disambiguation)",
"bubbles (disambiguation)",
"bubbles",
"bubble"
] |
saturday marks the 104 gridiron meeting between uw and wsu, when this years apple cup takes place at what stadium? | [
{
"title": "Apple Cup",
"text": "Friday after Thanksgiving. Since 1946, the game has been held in odd years in Seattle at Husky Stadium (except 2011, at CenturyLink Field), while Washington State has hosted during even years at Rogers Field (1946, 1948, 1954) and Martin Stadium (since 1982) in Pullman, and ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Apple Cup",
"text": "in Spokane at Joe Albi Stadium (Memorial Stadium until 1962). The Cougars won three of these fifteen games (1958, 1968, 1972). In 1910, the WSU home game in Spokane was played at Recreation Park The first game in 1900 resulted in a 5–5 tie. The series has been played continu... | [
"seahawks stadium",
"wamu theater",
"qwest field",
"quest field",
"wamu theater",
"home of the 12s",
"centurylink field",
"century link field",
"seahawk stadium",
"qwest field events center",
"wamu theatre",
"wamu theatre"
] |
what long running tv sci-fi series had it's debut on nov 23, 1963 and ran until 1989, and then returned in 2006? | [
{
"title": "Sci-Fi on the Rock",
"text": "place at the Holiday Inn in St. John's from April 24–26, 2015. Guests include Lynda Boyd from Supernatural, Sanctuary and Republic of Doyle, Frazer Hines who is better known as the Second Doctor's companion Jamie McCrimmon from Doctor Who, Peter Williams who played ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Sci-Fi on the Rock",
"text": "Rock festival organizer) and Matthew LeDrew (author of the Black Womb series). Sci-Fi on the Rock TV plans to air some \"on-location\" episodes from the Sci-Fi festival. Season Two of Sci-Fi on the Rock TV saw the return of Steve Lake and Ellen Curtis as hosts, but ... | [
"dr who",
"doctor who legacy",
"anna zhou",
"nightmare child",
"doctor who new series",
"doc. who",
"dr.who",
"doctor who",
"the doctor and rose",
"the doctor (nickname)",
"doctorwho",
"dr who",
"doc who",
"doctor who%3f",
"doctor who: legacy",
"doctor who classic series",
"who docto... |
"neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds" is often, and erronously, thought to be the motto of what us government agency? | [
{
"title": "Mail",
"text": "journey, so many are the men and horses that stand along the road, each horse and man at the interval of a day's journey; and these are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing their appointed course with all speed\"\". The verse prominently featur... | [] | [
{
"title": "United States Postal Service creed",
"text": "ancient Persian system of mounted postal carriers c. 500 B.C. The inscription was added to the building by William M. Kendall of the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, the building's architects. It derives from a quote from Herodotus' \"Histo... | [
"receiving offices",
"post house",
"🏤",
"receiving office",
"post offices",
"postal clerk",
"posthouse",
"郵局",
"mail office",
"post office",
"post office",
"post office branch",
"postal office",
"post-office",
"posting house",
"drop letter",
"post office building"
] |
for a point each, name the country surrounding the republic of the gambia. | [
{
"title": "The Gambia",
"text": "The Gambia The Gambia (), officially the Republic of the Gambia, is a country in West Africa that is almost entirely surrounded by Senegal with the exception of its western coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. It is the smallest country within mainland Africa. The Gambia is ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Gambia",
"text": "Department of State, the \"Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World\" and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use, the Gambia is one of only two countries whose self-standing short name for official use should begin with the word \"The\" (the ot... | [
"republic of sénégal",
"sengal",
"sport in senegal",
"iso 3166-1:sn",
"indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups of senegal",
"culture of senegal",
"republic of senegal",
"senegal",
"senegalese",
"république du sénégal",
"sénégal",
"indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups ... |
nov 24, 1859 saw the publishing of what work of scientific literature, subtitled the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "On the Origin of Species",
"text": "On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by... | [
"on the origin of species by means of natural selection, by charles darwin"
] |
“i yam what i yam, and that's all what i yam” was the motto of what popular cartoon character? | [
{
"title": "I Yam What I Yam",
"text": "voices Olive Oyl. This cartoon is available on DVD in the four-disc set \"\". This episode was shelved throughout most of North America, due to Native American stereotyping. This controversy was similar to the Pingu episode, Pingu and the Doll and some other cartoons.... | [] | [
{
"title": "Yam (god)",
"text": "the gods, Yam is soundly defeated: Hadad holds a great feast, but not long afterwards he battles Mot (death) and through his mouth he descends to the netherworld. Yet like Yam, Death too is defeated and in h. I AB iii the Lord arises from the dead: The narrative of the confl... | [
"popeye cigarettes",
"popeye the sailor man",
"popeye the sailorman",
"popeye (2016 film)",
"popeye (2015 film)",
"the thimble theatre",
"popeye the sailor",
"popeye (upcoming film)",
"popeye (2014 film)",
"thimble theater",
"thimble theatre",
"popeye the sailor",
"popeye the sailor man",
... |
what is the name of the product, sold in a pink canister similar to a chewing tobacco tin, was advertised with the slogan “it's six feet of bubble gum for you, not them”? | [
{
"title": "Bubble Tape",
"text": "in a small, round, plastic container similar in size to a hockey puck. This contains six feet (1.8 m) of gum wrapped in a spiral. The container functions much like a tape dispenser, although the top half can be removed or broken off. Most flavors are those available from t... | [] | [
{
"title": "Bubble gum",
"text": "Bubble gum Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum, designed to be inflated out of the mouth as a bubble. In 1928, Walter Diemer, an accountant for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia, was experimenting with new gum recipes. One recipe was found to be less sticky than... | [
"bubbletape",
"bubble tape"
] |
what product is advertised with the slogan "life, liberty, and the pursuit"? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness",
"text": "Constitution of Japan, and in President Ho Chi Minh's 1945 declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. An alternative phrase \"life, liberty, and property\", is found in the Declaration of Colonial Rights, a resolution ... | [
"cadillick",
"cadillac automobile company",
"cadillac motor company",
"cadallac",
"cadilac",
"cadillac",
"cadillacs",
"cadillac (automobile)",
"cadillac automobile"
] |
what is the longest mountain chain in north america? | [
{
"title": "North America",
"text": "separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-Cretaceous period. The Rockies and other western mountain ranges began forming around this time from a period of mountain building called the Laramide orogeny, between 80 and 55 million years ago. The formation o... | [] | [
{
"title": "Mountain chain",
"text": "Mountain chain A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range. The term is also used for elongated fold mountains with several parallel chain... | [
"rocky mountains",
"rockies",
"rocky mountain",
"rockymountains",
"rocky mountains",
"central rocky mountains",
"rockie mountains",
"rocky mountain",
"rocky mountain system",
"the rocky mountains",
"history of the rocky mountains",
"the rockys",
"the rockies",
"the rockie mountains",
"we... |
name the artist and the song title: we're leaving together but still it's farewell and maybe we'll come back to earth, who can tell? i guess there is no one to blame we're leaving ground will things ever be the same again? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together",
"text": "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, \"Red\" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin... | [
"europe, the final countdown"
] |
who's missing: dean martin, sammy davis, jr, peter lawford, joey bishop | [
{
"title": "Joey Bishop",
"text": "of Philadelphia posthumously inducted Bishop into their Hall of Fame in 2009. Joey Bishop Joseph Abraham Gottlieb (February 3, 1918 – October 17, 2007), known professionally as Joey Bishop, was an American entertainer who appeared on television as early as 1948 and eventua... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Joey Bishop Show (talk show)",
"text": "The Joey Bishop Show (talk show) The Joey Bishop Show is an American talk show that had its first broadcast on ABC on April 17, 1967, hosted by Joey Bishop and featuring Regis Philbin in his first ongoing role with national television exposure, as Bish... | [
"sinatra (film)",
"biography of frank sinatra",
"columbus day riot",
"life of frank sinatra",
"a voice in time: 1939–1952",
"sinatra",
"biography of frank sinatra",
"ol' blue eyes",
"a voice in time: 1939-1952",
"political beliefs of frank sinatra",
"franck sinatra",
"old blue eyes",
"frank ... |
nov 24, 1963 saw the death of reputed jfk assassin lee harvey oswald at the hands of which dallas night club owner? | [
{
"title": "The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald (1964 film)",
"text": "The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald (1964 film) The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald is a 1964 American film directed by Larry Buchanan. It is the first speculative trial drama to be produced about Lee Harvey Oswald only a few months after the assassina... | [] | [
{
"title": "Lee Harvey Oswald",
"text": "Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was an American Marxist and former U.S. Marine who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Oswald was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps and defected... | [
"tom howard (attorney)",
"jack rubenstein",
"jack ruby",
"jack ruby and the mafia",
"jack leon ruby",
"karen bennett carlin",
"jacob leon rubenstein",
"jacob rubenstein",
"jack leon rubenstein"
] |
how old was michael jackson when he died? | [
{
"title": "How the Killing of the Old Men Was Stopped",
"text": "How the Killing of the Old Men Was Stopped How the Killing of the Old Men Was Stopped is a Serbian fairy tale that first appeared in \"Kazadzic\", a journal of Serbian folklore, having been submitted by Mr. I. L. Szeckovic from Paracin. It is... | [] | [
{
"title": "Michael Jackson (radio commentator)",
"text": "of Law; and his peers have recognized his entertaining and probing style with four Golden Mike Awards for excellence in radio broadcasting. In 1997-98, he was voted Number One Radio Talk How Host of the Year. He was inducted into the Radio Hall of F... | [
"50",
"fifty"
] |
what nfl team calls reliant stadium home? | [
{
"title": "NRG Stadium",
"text": "utilizes the stadium for exhibits. In 2006, 59,236 were in attendance which was the largest convention in Houston in 2006 and the highest attendance for the event since 1982. NRG Stadium NRG Stadium (pronounced as N-R-G Stadium), formerly Reliant Stadium, is a multi-purpos... | [] | [
{
"title": "NRG Stadium",
"text": "venue's attendance record was set during a preparation match between the Mexico national team and the U.S. men's soccer team. On February 6, 2008, USA–Mexico was held at Reliant Stadium to a capacity crowd of 70,103. The previous USA vs. Mexico match in Reliant Stadium dre... | [
"football time in houston",
"logos and uniforms of the houston texans",
"houston texans"
] |
in the standard game of monopoly, what are the names of the 4 railroads? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Monopoly: The Card Game",
"text": "the same as those in the standard \"Monopoly\" game. Each of these cards (except the railroads and utilities) have a distinct color band on the top and bottom, representing the \"color-group\" to which it belongs. The card also displays the property name, the n... | [
"b&o, pennsylvania, short line, reading"
] |
nov 24, 1859 saw the first edition of on the origin of species, under the authorship of who? | [
{
"title": "On the Origin of Species",
"text": "On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by... | [] | [
{
"title": "On the Origin of Species",
"text": "races, for instance, of the cabbage\" and \"the hereditary varieties or races of our domestic animals and plants\", there are three instances in the book where the phrase \"races of man\" is used, referring to races of humans. \"On the Origin of Species\" was ... | [
"charles r. darwin",
"www.darwin200.org.uk",
"charles r darwin",
"darwin200",
"darwin 200",
"charles darwin's",
"darwin's",
"charlesdarwin",
"cr darwin",
"c. r. darwin",
"charles darwin",
"charles robert darwin",
"chuck darwin",
"c darwin",
"darwin's theory",
"charles darwin",
"mary ... |
the caruncle, snood, and wattle can all be found where? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Caruncle (bird anatomy)",
"text": "they are more pronounced in the male. Usually they are pale, but when the male becomes excited or during courtship, the caruncles, wattle and snood all engorge with blood, become bright red or blue, and enlarge. The \"beard\" (a tuft of modified brush-like feat... | [
"the head of a turkey"
] |
originally started in 1956 by pauline phillips, what advice column is now written by her daughter, jeanne phillips? | [
{
"title": "Jeanne Phillips",
"text": "Jeanne Phillips Jeanne Phillips (; born 1942), also known as Abigail Van Buren, is an American advice columnist who has written for the advice column \"Dear Abby.\" She is the daughter of Pauline Esther \"Popo\" Phillips, who founded \"Dear Abby\" in 1956, and her husb... | [] | [
{
"title": "Jeanne Phillips",
"text": "Beginning on July 22, 2002, Jeanne was attributed as the only writer of the column. Kathie Kerr, a spokeswoman for Universal Press Syndicate, the distributor of the column, said: \"Over the past couple of years, Pauline Phillips hasn't had any day-to-day activities wit... | [
"dear abby",
"ask abby",
"dear abbie",
"abigail van buren",
"abigail van buren",
"abby van buren"
] |
featuring william hartnell in the title role, nov 23, 1963 saw the debut of what bbc sci-fi series, the world's longest running series in that genre? | [
{
"title": "BBC Sound Effects No. 26: Sci-Fi Sound Effects",
"text": "BBC Sound Effects No. 26: Sci-Fi Sound Effects BBC Sound Effects No. 26: Sci-Fi Sound Effects is a 1981 compilation of sound effects and atmospheres created by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. It was the second in the BBC Sound Effects serie... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Bill (series 23)",
"text": "The Bill (series 23) Series 23 of British television drama \"The Bill\" was broadcast from 3 January until 28 December 2007. The series consisted of 92 episodes, and saw the conclusion of the show's longest running-storyline, featuring the disappearance of schoolg... | [
"dr who",
"doctor who legacy",
"anna zhou",
"nightmare child",
"doctor who new series",
"doc. who",
"dr.who",
"doctor who",
"the doctor and rose",
"the doctor (nickname)",
"doctorwho",
"dr who",
"doc who",
"doctor who%3f",
"doctor who: legacy",
"doctor who classic series",
"who docto... |
for a point each, name the states that surround tennessee (8). | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "10.2 surround sound",
"text": "be \"10.2 channels\" such as the Pioneer Elite SC-09TX but just have multiple 6, 7, or 8 channel decoders. 10.2 surround sound 10.2 is the surround sound format developed by THX creator Tomlinson Holman of TMH Labs and University of Southern California (schools of ... | [
"kentucky, virginia, north carolina, georgia, alabama and mississippi, arkansas, and missouri"
] |
what fictional boxer, nicknamed the italian stallion, ended with a career record of 57-23-1? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Italian Stallion (wrestler)",
"text": "in bringing the latter to the WWF in 1994. Gary Sabaugh, also known as the pro wrestler The Italian Stallion, has had many television appearances in the NWA, WCW, WWF, Georgia Championship Wrestling with WTBS, Florida Championship Wrestling, and New Jap... | [
"rocky balboa (character)",
"rocky balboa",
"rocky balboa, sr.",
"robert balboa sr.",
"robert balboa",
"rocky balboa sr.",
"rocky balboa",
"robert balboa, sr.",
"rocky 8",
"rocky balboa (character)"
] |
what cartoonist drew calvin and hobbes from 1985 to 1995? | [
{
"title": "Calvin and Hobbes",
"text": "Calvin and Hobbes Calvin and Hobbes is a daily comic strip by American cartoonist Bill Watterson that was syndicated from November 18, 1985 to December 31, 1995. Commonly cited as \"the last great newspaper comic\", \"Calvin and Hobbes\" has enjoyed broad and endurin... | [] | [
{
"title": "Calvin and Hobbes",
"text": "own commentary for the exhibition catalog, which was later published by Andrews McMeel as \"Calvin and Hobbes: Sunday Pages 1985–1995\". Since the discontinuation of \"Calvin and Hobbes\", individual strips have been licensed for reprint in schoolbooks, including the... | [
"katheryn watterson",
"bill watterson",
"bill waterson",
"william watterson"
] |
what disney channel star, and favorite of everyone here tonight, was born on nov 23, 1992 with the first names destiny hope? | [
{
"title": "Hope, Future and Destiny",
"text": "Hope, Future and Destiny Hope, Future and Destiny is an album by American jazz flautist Nicole Mitchell, which was released in 2004 on Dreamtime, the label she established with David Boykin. It was the third recording by her Black Earth Ensemble. This work was... | [] | [
{
"title": "Disney Channel All Star Party",
"text": "Kinect and PlayStation Move, respectively, but it was cancelled for undisclosed reasons, making it the first Disney game to feature Miis as player characters. \"Disney Channel All Star Party\" is a party video game in which stages resemble board games, wi... | [
"destiny hope cyrus (miley)",
"mcyrus",
"miley cirus",
"miles cyrus",
"destiny hope cyrus",
"billy ray cyrus daughter",
"miley",
"milly cyrus",
"maili sairus",
"miley ray cyrus",
"myley cyrus",
"mily cyrus",
"brandi glenn cyrus",
"miley cyprus",
"billy ray cyrus' daughter",
"mileymandy... |
first awarded on feb 22, 1932, what military decoration is awarded to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after april 5, 1917 with the u.s. military? | [
{
"title": "Purple Heart",
"text": "Purple Heart The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the president to those wounded or killed while serving, on or after April 5, 1917, with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Military Decoration for gallantry or exceptional devotion",
"text": "medal is thus awarded, after 20 years of active service aboard Belgian Navy vessels. In the period 2009-2013, the Military Decoration for Exceptional Service or Acts of Courage or Devotion second class was awarded 58 times, mos... | [
"purple heart",
"pruple heart",
"purple heart, order of the",
"purple heart",
"order of the purple heart",
"purple heart winners",
"purple heart medal",
"purple-heart"
] |
the 2009 major league soccer title game, pitting real salt lake against the los angeles galaxy, was hosted in what us city this year? | [
{
"title": "2009 Major League Soccer season",
"text": "in a penalty shootout 4-3 after the game was tied 1-1. No extra time was played following regular time. Tim Howard, the Everton and U.S. Men's National Team goalkeeper, was named the game's MVP. 2009 Major League Soccer season The 2009 Major League Socc... | [] | [
{
"title": "2013 Los Angeles Galaxy season",
"text": "2013 Los Angeles Galaxy season The 2013 Los Angeles Galaxy season was the club's eighteenth season of existence, and their eighteenth season in Major League Soccer, the top tier of the American and Canadian soccer pyramids. The Galaxy entered the season ... | [
"seattle, washington.",
"seattle weekly news",
"jet city",
"seattle, washington, usa",
"seattle wa",
"seattle, united states of america",
"舍路",
"city of seattle",
"seattle washington",
"seattle, us-wa",
"seattle (wa)",
"seattle, wa",
"seattle, wa",
"seattle, washington",
"st. anne seattl... |
saturday is the annual football game between uw and wsu. for what do they compete? | [
{
"title": "Washington Huskies football",
"text": "Pro Football Hall of Fame, located in Canton, Ohio. As of 2010, Warren Moon (Edmonton Eskimos 1978–83) is the only player to be a member of both the Canadian Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame (NFL). The Rose Bowl has inducted eight Was... | [] | [
{
"title": "Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do",
"text": "Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by t... | [
"washington–washington state football rivalry",
"crapple cup",
"the apple cup",
"apple cup"
] |
what movie, a staple of the midnight circuit, is the longest running theatrical release in film history, having first been released on september 26, 1975? | [
{
"title": "Limited release",
"text": "the rules for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature mandate releases in both locations. The films are almost always released to a wider audience in January or February of the following year. One notable exception is \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\", which pre... | [] | [
{
"title": "Midnight movie",
"text": "movie circuit, the core of exhibitors that energized the movement was disappearing. By the time the fabled Orson Welles Cinema in Cambridge, Massachusetts, shut its doors after a fire in 1986, the days of the theatrical midnight movie as a significant countercultural ph... | [
"rhpc",
"frank-n-furter",
"the rocky horror picture show",
"brad majors",
"rocky horror picture show/riff raff",
"the denton affair",
"revenge of the old queen",
"frank n. furter",
"the rocky horror picture show",
"trhps",
"rhps",
"dr. frank-n-furter",
"dr. everett scott",
"rocky horror pi... |
name the year: pixar animation opens it's doors; space shuttle challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch; geraldo rivera opens al capone's secret vault on tv; the statue of liberty is reopened; fox broadcasting is born; | [
{
"title": "The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults",
"text": "The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults is an infamous two-hour live American television special that was broadcast one time only in syndication on April 21, 1986. Hosted by TV personality Geraldo Rivera, the special center... | [] | [
{
"title": "English Opens Doors",
"text": "English Opens Doors The English Opens Doors Programme (Spanish language: Programa Inglés Abre Puertas ) is an initiative of the Chilean Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) to apply technical expertise and improve English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching, making it ... | [
"1986",
"one thousand, nine hundred and eighty-six"
] |
nov 25, 1867 saw alfred nobel patent what famous invention that led to the immense fortune that allowed him to endow the various prizes that bear his name? | [
{
"title": "Alfred Nobel",
"text": "Alfred Nobel Alfred Bernhard Nobel (; ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist. Known for inventing dynamite, Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an ir... | [] | [
{
"title": "That Was the Week That Was",
"text": "in a short sketch with the prizes referred to as the Alfred Nobel Peace Pools; in this sketch Watson was called \"Little J.D. Watson\" and \"Who'd have thought he'd ever get the Nobel Prize? Makes you think, doesn't it\". The germ of the joke was that Watson... | [
"dynamite",
"dynamited",
"dinamite"
] |
what part of the turkey is saved, dried, and ceremoniously snapped as part of a good luck custom? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Good Luck Flag",
"text": "name of the individual or organization presenting the gift to him. The \"kanji\" characters were typically written with a calligraphy brush and ink. While it was normally the custom to sign only around the red center of the flag, some examples may be found with characte... | [
"wish bones",
"wishbone (disambiguation)",
"wishbone",
"wish bone (disambiguation)",
"wish-bone",
"wishbones",
"wish bone"
] |
in daniel defoe's novel robinson crusoe, what does the title character name the native he befriends? | [
{
"title": "Friday (Robinson Crusoe)",
"text": "Friday (Robinson Crusoe) Friday is one of the main characters of Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel \"Robinson Crusoe\". Robinson Crusoe names the man Friday, with whom he cannot at first communicate, because they first meet on that day. The character is the source of ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe",
"text": "sailed into Hamburg (18 September), and Hague. He arrived at London on 10 January 1705, having been gone from England ten years and nine months. The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (now more comm... | [
"parasceve",
"prosábbaton",
"frigg's day",
"tgiff",
"friday",
"thank goodness it's friday",
"frigg's day",
"prosabbaton",
"friday the 12th",
"fryeeday"
] |
november 22, 1955 saw the untimely death of shemp howard. with what group is he more famously linked? | [
{
"title": "Shemp Howard",
"text": "Shemp Howard Samuel Horwitz (March 11, 1895 – November 22, 1955), known professionally as Shemp Howard, was an American actor and comedian. He was called \"Shemp\" because \"Sam\" came out that way in his mother's thick Litvak accent. He is best known today for his role a... | [] | [
{
"title": "Shemp Howard",
"text": "finished posthumously by his daughter and son-in-law, and some specific details were confused as a result. The Los Angeles county coroner's death certificate states that Shemp Howard died on Tuesday, November 22, 1955, at 11:35 [PM] PST; confirming that, Shemp's obituary ... | [
"three stooges",
"dewey, shaftem & howe",
"the 3 stooges",
"3 stooges",
"the three stooges",
"the three stooges in color",
"the three stooges",
"comedy iii productions",
"dope slap",
"three stooges"
] |
malibu stacy is the barbie clone as featured on what tv series? | [
{
"title": "Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy",
"text": "out in the real world, of course: Barbie is the subject of perennial criticism along the lines of Lisa's critique of Malibu Stacy, yet remains immensely popular, and in general, we often see intellectual critiques of toys dismissed as 'out of touch' or elitist.\"... | [] | [
{
"title": "Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy",
"text": "Lisa wants Lisa Lionheart to have \"the wisdom of Gertrude Stein, the wit of Cathy Guisewite, the tenacity of Nina Totenberg, the common sense of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and the down-to-earth good looks of Eleanor Roosevelt.\" Stacy Lovell's list of husbands feat... | [
"promulent",
"the circus (simpsons tv ad)",
"the simpsons.com",
"kromulent",
"simpsons jokes",
"no teasing",
"made-up words in the simpsons",
"the simpsons clue",
"simpsons words",
"culturally significant words and phrases from the simpsons",
"the bully (the simpsons tv ad)",
"the dog biscuit"... |
paul shaffer, canadian and bandleader, was born on nov 28, 1949. on which entertainers show does he provide the music? | [
{
"title": "Paul Shaffer",
"text": "perform with the band on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live\". Shaffer is a member of Canadian charity Artists Against Racism. Paul Shaffer Paul Allen Wood Shaffer, CM (born November 28, 1949) is a Canadian singer, composer, actor, author, comedian and multi-instrumentalist who served a... | [] | [
{
"title": "Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band",
"text": "album, \"Daylight and Darkness\". Al Chez would also leave the band in 2012 and be replaced by Frank Greene. Trumpeter Greene, like Tom Malone, is an alum of the famed One O'Clock Lab Band at the University of North Texas (formerly Nort... | [
"the late show with david letterman",
"late show with david letterman",
"is this anything",
"lsdl",
"gerard mulligan",
"biff henderson's cavalcade of surprisingly spot-on superstar celebrity look-alikes",
"oprah log",
"late show with david letterman",
"late show with david letterman",
"lswdl",
"... |
father and son baby doc duvalier and papa doc duvalier spent 30 years as leaders of which country? | [
{
"title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier",
"text": "Jean-Claude Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier (), nicknamed “Baby Doc” () (3 July 19514 October 2014), was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father François \"Papa Doc\" Duvalier as the ruler of Ha... | [] | [
{
"title": "Jean-Claude Duvalier",
"text": "luxury in a suburb of Port-au-Prince. By 30 January 2012, it was announced that the former president would face charges of corruption, but not of human rights abuses. After the former president failed to appear for three previously scheduled court hearings, a Hait... | [
"haitian ancestry",
"haïti",
"name of haiti",
"republic of haiti",
"haidi",
"subdivisions of haiti",
"iso 3166-1:ht",
"administrative divisions of haiti",
"republic of haiti",
"république d'haïti",
"arrondissements and communes of haiti",
"repiblik ayiti",
"history of haitian nationality"... |
what noted statesman once expressed a preference for the turkey instead of the bald eagle as the national bird of the u.s.? | [
{
"title": "Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act",
"text": "the endangered and threatened species list. In addition, these birds have become a national symbol. The second Constitutional congress decided upon using American bald eagles as the great seal of the United States. There were many disagreements wit... | [] | [
{
"title": "Bald eagle",
"text": "Technical Bulletin. In 1984, the National Wildlife Federation listed hunting, power-line electrocution, and collisions in flight as the leading causes of eagle deaths. Bald eagles have also been killed by oil, lead, and mercury pollution, and by human and predator intrusion... | [
"a tradesman of philidelphia",
"bin franklin",
"abigail afterwit",
"the busybody",
"anthony afterwit",
"betty diligent",
"benjamin franklin",
"the benjamin franklin",
"franklinian",
"friend to the poor",
"ben franlkin",
"bejamin franklin",
"alice addertongue",
"sage of the constitutional c... |
first published on november 24, 1859, what book had the alternate title the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life? | [
{
"title": "On the Origin of Species",
"text": "On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by... | [] | [
{
"title": "On the Origin of Species",
"text": "as \"1859\". Murray's response was favourable, and a very pleased Darwin told Lyell on 30 March that he would \"send shortly a large bundle of M.S. but unfortunately I cannot for a week, as the three first chapters are in three copyists’ hands\". He bowed to M... | [
"on origin of species",
"origin of species",
"on the origin of the species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life",
"origin of species",
"on the origin of the species",
"means of natural selection",
"the origin of species",
"the origin of the speci... |
bill bixby starred as the human dr. bruce banner in the 1970's tv series the incredible hulk. which former mr. universe portrayed the hulk in that very same series? | [
{
"title": "The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series)",
"text": "The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series) The Incredible Hulk is an American television series based on the Marvel Comics character The Hulk. The series aired on the CBS television network and starred Bill Bixby as Dr. David Bruce Banner, Lou Ferrigno a... | [] | [
{
"title": "The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series)",
"text": "who also wrote or directed some episodes. The series ends with David Banner continuing to search for a cure. In 1988, the filming rights were purchased from CBS by rival NBC. They produced three television films: \"The Incredible Hulk Returns\" (di... | [
"lou ferrigno",
"shanna ferrigno",
"lou ferrigno, jr.",
"lou farigno",
"ferrigno",
"lou ferrigno jr.",
"little gurly man",
"lou ferringo",
"lou ferrrigno",
"lou ferigno"
] |
whom did people magazine name their sexiest man alive in the very same week his wife was tabbed babe of the year by gq magazine? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "People (magazine)",
"text": "(21 years later the magazine did select Keanu Reeves to fill the 1994 gap, with runners-up including Hugh Grant and Jim Carrey). Since 1997, the dates have settled between mid-November and early December. Dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time... | [
"ryan reyonds"
] |
name the artist and the title of this 1991 hit that peaked at #16: say your prayers little one don't forget my son to include everyone i tuck you in, warm within keep you free from sin ‘til the sandman he comes' | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Til I Forget About You (song)",
"text": "is when the music sequence starts. The video ends at an indoor concert the group holds inside one of the rooms of the country club. Til I Forget About You (song) \"Til I Forget About You\" is a song by American pop group, Big Time Rush. It was released vi... | [
"enter sandman by metallica"
] |
november 27, 1701 saw the birth of a swedish astronomer, who proposed what temperature scale where in which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees? | [
{
"title": "Scale of temperature",
"text": "the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature \"interval \"(a di... | [] | [
{
"title": "Rømer scale",
"text": "Rømer scale The Rømer scale (; notated as °Rø), also known as Romer or Roemer, is a temperature scale named after the Danish astronomer Ole Christensen Rømer, who proposed it in 1701. It is based on the freezing point of pure water being 7.5 degrees and the boiling point o... | [
"℃",
"centigrade temperature scale",
"celsius scale",
"centesimal degree",
"celsius degree",
"degree c",
"centigrade degree",
"degrees celcius",
"degree celcius",
"centigrade (temperature)",
"degree centigrade",
"centigrade scale",
"°с",
"degrees celsius",
"celsius temperature scale",
... |
whos missing: denver nuggets, utah jazz, portland trail blazers, minnesota timberwolves? | [
{
"title": "Northwest Division (NBA)",
"text": "Northwest Division (NBA) The Northwest Division is one of the three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The division consists of five teams: the Denver Nuggets, the Minnesota Timberwolves, the Oklahoma City Thunder... | [] | [
{
"title": "1999–2000 Portland Trail Blazers season",
"text": "they signed Joe Kleine. On October 12, the Rockets waived Augmon, and the Blazers signed him on October 18. The Blazers owned no picks in the 1999 NBA draft. (3) Portland Trail Blazers vs. (6) Minnesota Timberwolves Last Playoff Meeting: Not ava... | [
"oklahoma city thunder",
"oklahoma city nba franchise",
"oklahoma city national basketball association team",
"oklahoma city national basketball association team",
"nba oklahoma city franchise",
"okc thunder",
"ok thunder",
"o.k.c. thunder",
"oklahoma city nba",
"okla. city thunder",
"okc nba",
... |
what drink consists of 5 parts vodka, 2 parts coffee liqueur, and 3 parts fresh cream? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Liqueur coffee",
"text": "Liqueur coffee A liqueur coffee is a coffee drink with a shot of liqueur. It may be served in a special liqueur coffee glass, often with cream and sugar. Liqueur coffee are all variants on what is widely known as Irish coffee, hot coffee with whiskey and a layer of crea... | [
"%22white%22 russian",
"white russians",
"white russian",
"russian whites",
"white russian (disambiguation)",
"%22white%22 russians",
"white russian"
] |
in response to the crappy reputation high fructose corn syrup has these days, the corn refiners association has applied for permission to rename it to what? | [
{
"title": "Public relations of high fructose corn syrup",
"text": "counter to his efforts. The article includes links to Ivan's Facebook page and a study on HFCS. On September 14, 2010, the Corn Refiners Association applied for permission to use the name \"corn sugar\" in place of \"high-fructose corn syru... | [] | [
{
"title": "Corn Refiners Association",
"text": "Corn Refiners Association The Corn Refiners Association (CRA) is a trade association based in Washington, D.C. and representing the corn refining industry in the United States. Corn refining encompasses the production of corn starch, corn oil, and high fructo... | [
"corn sugar (disambiguation)",
"corn sugar",
"corn sugar"
] |
according to the pangram, the quick what jumps over the lazy dog? | [
{
"title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
"text": "\"Quick Brown Fox\" pangram and its inventor. It depicts a fictional country off the South Carolina coast that idealizes the pangram, chronicling the effects on literature and social structure as various letters are banned from daily use by ... | [] | [
{
"title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
"text": "to display font samples and for testing computer keyboards. In cryptography, it is commonly used as a test vector for hash and encryption algorithms to verify their implementation, as well as to ensure alphabetic character set compatibility.... | [
"brown fox"
] |
“4 out of 5 dentists surveyed would recommend sugarless gum to their patients who chew gum.” was used to advertise what company's product? | [
{
"title": "Trident (gum)",
"text": "health through chewing gum. For years, Trident was promoted with the slogan, “Four out of five dentists surveyed \"recommend\" sugarless gum for their patients who \"chew\" gum.” This slogan is believed to have been based on the results of a survey of practicing dentists... | [] | [
{
"title": "Ford Gum",
"text": "Chew from Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company in 2010 and is to begin production of the product in November of that year. Ford Gum Ford Gum is a brand of bubble gum and chewing gum often found in gum machines. It is produced by Ford Gum & Machine Co. The history of the company goes back ... | [
"leister",
"trident",
"fuscina",
"leisters",
"trident",
"trisool",
"gig (spear)",
"fascina",
"tridents",
"🔱"
] |
broadcast on live tv, what dallas nightclub owner shot and killed total asshat lee harvey oswald? | [
{
"title": "Lee Harvey Oswald",
"text": "President traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. About 45 minutes after Oswald assassinated Kennedy, he shot and killed Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit on a local street. Oswald then slipped into a movie theater, where he was arrested for Tip... | [] | [
{
"title": "Lee Harvey Oswald",
"text": "Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was an American Marxist and former U.S. Marine who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Oswald was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps and defected... | [
"tom howard (attorney)",
"jack rubenstein",
"jack ruby",
"jack ruby and the mafia",
"jack leon ruby",
"karen bennett carlin",
"jacob leon rubenstein",
"jacob rubenstein",
"jack leon rubenstein"
] |
according to the proverb every man for himself, and the devil take what? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Every Man for Himself (album)",
"text": "a Fight\" was featured on the game \"Elite Beat Agents\" and the trailer for the film \"Stormbreaker\". All tracks composed by Daniel Estrin and Doug Robb. Hoobastank Additional personnel Every Man for Himself (album) Every Man for Himself is the third al... | [
"the one who leads from behind",
"hindmost",
"pierson's puppeteers",
"the hindmost",
"pierson's puppeteer"
] |
what radio station do you find at 101.5 on your fm dial? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "What You Do (song)",
"text": "What You Do (song) \"What You Do\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \"Monkey Business\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf ... | [
"star 101.5, kplz fm"
] |
george w. and george h. w. bush were not the first father/son pair of presidents. which two us presidents actually hold that honor? | [
{
"title": "Presidency of George H. W. Bush",
"text": "as the country's 43rd president from 2001 to 2009. The Bushes were the second father and son pair to serve as president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. By December 2008, 60% of Americans gave George H. W. Bush's presidency a positive rating... | [] | [
{
"title": "George H. W. Bush",
"text": "of Trump's policies and speaking style, while Trump frequently criticized George W. Bush's presidency. George H. W. Bush later said that he voted for the Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton, in the general election. After Trump won the election, Bush sent him a congr... | [
"john adams and john quincy adams"
] |
on november 22, 1986, which boxer became the youngest wbc heavyweight champion, at age 20 years, 4 months, when he scored a tko over trevor berbick in the second round? | [
{
"title": "Boxing in the 1950s",
"text": "and Floyd Patterson emerged as the youngest heavyweight champion in history (coincidentally, he beat Moore for the title left vacant by Marciano). Patterson remained the youngest heavyweight champion in history until November 22, 1986, when a 20-year-old Mike Tyson... | [] | [
{
"title": "Mike Tyson",
"text": "broadcast. Tyson won easily, charging at Frazier at the opening bell and hitting him with an uppercut that knocked Frazier unconscious thirty seconds into the fight. On November 22, 1986, Tyson was given his first title fight against Trevor Berbick for the World Boxing Coun... | [
"iron mike tyson",
"mike tyson",
"malik abdul azeez",
"exodus tyson",
"malik abdul aziz",
"mike tyson",
"michael tyson",
"mike g. tyson",
"michael gerard tyson",
"desiree washington"
] |
released on nov 22, 1995, what oscar nominated movie was the first feature-length film created completely using computer-generated imagery? | [
{
"title": "Animation",
"text": "feature film that was done with this technique, apart from the movie The Vanities Fair (1935), by Rouben Mamoulian, was \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", also by Walt Disney. In 1958, Hanna-Barbera released \"The Huckleberry Hound Show\", the first half hour television pr... | [] | [
{
"title": "Computer-generated imagery",
"text": "not used or the CGI is hand drawn using a tablet and mouse. The term 'CGI animation' refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent-based, interactive environments. Computer graphics software is used to make computer-genera... | [
"to infinity and beyond (catchphrase)",
"toy story (soundtrack)",
"toy story 1",
"toy story (movie)",
"toy story",
"toy story",
"toystory",
"a toy story",
"toy story 3-d",
"toystory",
"to infinity and beyond",
"to infity and beyond (catchphrase)",
"production of toy story",
"you are a toy"... |
mario batali, cat cora, bobby flay, masaharu morimoto and micael symon compete on what show? | [
{
"title": "Bobby Flay",
"text": "\"Iron Chef America\" teamed – took on and won – against fellow Iron Chefs Mario Batali and Hiroyuki Sakai in the \"Iron Chef America: Battle of the Masters\" \"Tag Team\" battle. On a special of \"Iron Chef America\" originally airing on November 12, 2006, Flay and Giada D... | [] | [
{
"title": "Iron Chef America",
"text": "that the American Iron Chefs competed against each other, with the team of Bobby Flay and Michael Symon battling against Cat Cora and Masaharu Morimoto. There were two floor reporters for this special: regular floor reporter Kevin Brauch covered Flay and Symon while ... | [
"iron chef america: the series",
"iron chef: america",
"iron chef america",
"iron chef america"
] |
nov 27, 1942 saw the birth of what legendary musician, who rolling stoned named their top guitarist on their 100 greatest of all time list? | [
{
"title": "All Along the Watchtower",
"text": "the song appears at number 47 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and in 2000, British magazine \"Total Guitar\" named it top of the list of the greatest cover versions of all time. Hendrix's guitar solo is included at number five on \"Guitar Wo... | [] | [
{
"title": "Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time",
"text": "Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time \"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" is a special issue published by the American magazine \"Rolling Stone\" in two parts in 2004 and 2005, and updated in 2011. The list presented was... | [
"hendrix",
"lithofayne pridgeon",
"jimi hendrix",
"early life of jimi hendrix",
"villanova junction",
"james marshall hendrix",
"jimmi hendrix",
"jimy hendrix",
"johnny allen hendrix",
"jimmy hendrix",
"jimmy hendricks",
"gypsy sun and rainbows",
"jimmy hendrix",
"electric church",
"jani... |
what is the name of the pawn shop featured in the hit history channel show pawn stars? | [
{
"title": "Cajun Pawn Stars",
"text": "a trivia question is asked in relation to the shop or item, as with \"Pawn Stars\". While the show is named \"\"Cajun\" Pawn Stars\", Alexandria, where the pawn shop is located, is the parish seat of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, which is not considered part of Acadiana,... | [] | [
{
"title": "Rose's Pawn Shop",
"text": "and The Duhks, and many others. In 2006 Rose's Pawn Shop was awarded the 2006 Best Band in the West title in the Billboard Magazine/Disc Makers Independent Music World Series. They were also selected as Amoeba Records homegrown artist of the month for June 2006. Follo... | [
"i got a buddy",
"world famous gold & silver pawn shop",
"pawnstars",
"gold & silver pawn shop",
"pawn stars",
"pawn star$",
"pawn star"
] |
known as the beehive state, what was the 45th state to join the union on january 4, 1896? | [
{
"title": "Beehive Boot",
"text": "played in 1896 (when Brigham Young University was known as Brigham Young Academy). BYU on the other hand claims that the rivalry dates back to 1922, the first year BYU began playing football. For historical purposes, 1922 is the date most used when referring to the start ... | [] | [
{
"title": "2018 State of the Union Address",
"text": "2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addr... | [
"utah (state)",
"forty-fifth state",
"sports in utah",
"climate of utah",
"education in utah",
"ut (state)",
"utahn",
"yutas",
"geography of utah",
"utah",
"utah, united states",
"utah state nickname",
"history of mining in utah",
"state of utah",
"religion in utah",
"utah (u.s. state)... |
sparking a 1970s tv show, which military branch conducted the project blue book ufo study? | [
{
"title": "Project Blue Book",
"text": "Project Blue Book Project Blue Book was one of a series of systematic studies of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) conducted by the United States Air Force. It started in 1952, and it was the third study of its kind (the first two were projects Sign (1947) and Grudg... | [] | [
{
"title": "Project Blue Book",
"text": "Cabell. Another important change came when General William Garland joined Cabell's staff; Garland thought the UFO question deserved serious scrutiny because he had witnessed a UFO. The new name, Project Blue Book, was selected to refer to the blue booklets used for t... | [
"airforce",
"air force",
"air-force",
"air force",
"air combat units",
"air forces",
"air forces"
] |
what washington city, incorporated on nov 29, 1881, uses the motto near nature, near perfect? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game",
"text": "first such game since Mike Mussina's bid for a perfect game on September 2, 2001, which was broken up by 27th batter Carl Everett. It was also the third time for a Tigers pitcher to come so close to a perfect game, as Milt Wilcox also missed getti... | [
"spokane (wa)",
"spokane wa",
"spokane, washington",
"spokane",
"spokane-spokane valley, wa metropolitan statistical area",
"un/locode:usgeg",
"spokane-spokane valley-coeur d'alene, wa-id csa",
"spokane, wa",
"spokane, washington metropolitan area",
"spokane metro area",
"spokane metropolitan ar... |
name the 1954 movie and character/actor that featured the quote “you don't understand! i coulda had class. i coulda been a contender. i coulda been somebody instead of a bum, which is what i am.” | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Coulda Been",
"text": "for \"Coulda Been\" was directed by Urban Strom, who has also directed videos for Mary J. Blige, Rachel Stevens and LeAnn Rimes. The video was filmed in London, England in the spring of 2004. In the video, Kimberley sees another woman's name show up on her boyfriend's call... | [
"marlon brando as terry malloy in on the waterfront"
] |
what bow-tie wearing tv host and comedian, who got his start on almost live!, is known as the science guy? | [
{
"title": "Almost Live!",
"text": "Joel McHale, Bob Nelson, Bill Nye, Bill Stainton, Andrea Stein, Lauren Weedman, Steve Wilson, Ed Wyatt and, Darrell Suto as Billy Quan. Writers included Scott Schaefer, who later went on to win three National Emmy Awards for writing on \"Bill Nye the Science Guy\", and or... | [] | [
{
"title": "Bow tie",
"text": "incorporate a bow tie. Shown below on the right is one style of ready-tied bow tie; there is also a clip-on that does not go around the neck but clips to the collar points. Wearing a ready-tied bow tie at formal occasions requiring a black or white tie dress code is usually co... | [
"bill nye",
"the science guy",
"nye labs",
"bill nye (science guy)",
"bill ny",
"william sanford %22bill%22 nye",
"bill nye",
"nye, bill",
"will ny",
"william sanford nye",
"bill nigh",
"william s. nye",
"billy nye",
"bill nuy",
"bill bill bill bill"
] |
what was the van that scooby doo and friends travelled around in called? | [
{
"title": "Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes",
"text": "as \"groovy Scooby-Doo extra footage!\" However, they were not released on the DVD version. Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes Scooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes, also known as Those Meddling Kids, is a series of shorts that was shown on Cartoon Network in 1998 abo... | [] | [] | [
"pterodactyl ghost",
"scooby-doo",
"my friend scooby doo!",
"scooby-doo!",
"charley the robot",
"black knight ghost",
"i would have gotten away with it if it wasn't for you meddling kids",
"adult themes in scooby-doo",
"the mystery machine",
"scoobydoo",
"scooby-doo 3: unleashed",
"scooby do",... |
nov 30, 1835 saw the birth of what famed american humorist and novelist, known for works such as the prince and the pauper and a connecticut yankee in king arthur's court, along with some other famous works? | [
{
"title": "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court",
"text": "series.) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is an 1889 novel by American humorist and writer Mark Twain. The book was originally titled A Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Some early editions... | [] | [
{
"title": "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court",
"text": "the idea behind \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\" in December 1884 and worked on it between 1885 and 1889. The principal part of the writing was done at Twain's summer home at Elmira, New York and was completed at Hartford, Con... | [
"mark twain",
"thomas jefferson snodgrass",
"sam clemens",
"samuel clements",
"twainesque",
"samuel langhorn clemens",
"mark twain",
"twain, mark",
"sergeant fathom",
"samuel longhorn clemens",
"samuel l. clemens",
"samuel langhorne clemens",
"sam langhorne clemens",
"samuel clemens",
"s... |
arboreal describes a creature which commonly lives in what? | [
{
"title": "Arboreal locomotion",
"text": "large perches in uncluttered environments. Many species of animals are arboreal, far too many to list individually. This list is of prominently or predominantly arboreal species and higher taxa. Arboreal locomotion Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals i... | [] | [
{
"title": "Creature Catalogue",
"text": "\"D&D\" game, no matter what level your characters are ... if you've ever felt constrained by the limited range of \"D&D\" monsters, then this book is for you.\" Creature Catalogue Creature Catalogue is a supplement for Basic \"Dungeons & Dragons\" first released in... | [
"sapling",
"macrophanerophyte",
"parts of a tree",
"big tree",
"arboreus",
"tree",
"trees",
"treee",
"🌳",
"the trees",
"trees",
"wood layers",
"treed",
"the parts of a tree"
] |
popularized in a speech by winston churchill, what was the popular name for the ideological and physical boundary between western and eastern europe during the cold war? | [
{
"title": "Western Europe",
"text": "stages of World War II, the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference, between the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, the U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. Post-war Europ... | [] | [
{
"title": "Winston Churchill Range",
"text": "of which is not part of the range. This range includes the following mountains and peaks: Winston Churchill Range The Winston Churchill Range is a mountain range in the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies located in Jasper National Park. The range was named aft... | [
"the iron curtain",
"iron curtain",
"jernteppe",
"iron curtain",
"iron curtain nuclear battle",
"eiserner vorhang",
"teló d'acer",
"sinews of peace",
"iron curtain speech"
] |
what school does harry potter attend? | [
{
"title": "Harry Potter",
"text": "the series is Harry Potter, a boy who lives in Surrey with his aunt, uncle, and cousin – the Dursleys – and discovers, at the age of eleven, that he is a wizard, though he lives in the ordinary world of non-magical people known as Muggles. The wizarding world exists paral... | [] | [
{
"title": "Harry Potter Alliance",
"text": "their iReporter site, the Harry Potter Alliance asked members to upload submissions showing their love for Harry Potter while holding signs that said, \"Save Darfur.\" Then, in 2008, the HPA asked members to withhold support for sponsors of the 2008 Summer Olympi... | [
"the chamber of secrets",
"hogwarts quidditch teams",
"n.e.w.t.",
"hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry",
"hogwart's house system",
"hogwarts house points",
"hogwart's school of witchcraft and wizardry",
"the hogwarts express",
"hogwarts school",
"newts",
"howgarts",
"o.w.l.",
"hogwart... |
how many players per team are there in a game of beach volleyball? | [
{
"title": "Beach volleyball",
"text": "lower back, and especially shoulder is common as well, but is less prevalent than in indoor volleyball due to the soft landing surface. Acute lost-time injuries are also relatively rare in beach volleyball compared to other team sports. Many players use kinesiology ta... | [] | [
{
"title": "Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina",
"text": "representing Sweden in the Olympic Games of Rio 2016. Nina Grawender was born on October 15, 1987 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Beach volleyball team Karin and Nina Karin Lundqvist and Nina Grawender are professional beach volleyball players from Sweden. ... | [
"2",
"two"
] |
by assets and market capitalization, what is the largest bank in the us? | [
{
"title": "Wells Fargo",
"text": "Wells Fargo Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the United States. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest ba... | [] | [
{
"title": "Public Bank Berhad",
"text": "Public Bank Berhad Public Bank Berhad () is a bank based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia offering financial services in Malaysia as well as the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was founded in 1966 by Teh Hong Piow, the then general manager of Malayan Banking. The bank was li... | [
"morganchase",
"jp morgan chase",
"jpmorgan chase",
"morgan chase",
"j p morgan chase bank",
"j. p. morgan chase and co.",
"j.p. morgan chase and co.",
"j.p. morgan chase & company",
"j.p. morgan chase inc.",
"jp morgan chase bank",
"jpmorgan",
"jpmorgan chase",
"j.p. morgan chase bank",
"... |
not counting hybrid clubs, a standard golf club bag includes woods, wedges, chippers, putters, and what? | [
{
"title": "Golf club",
"text": "Golf club A golf club is a club used to hit a golf ball in a game of golf. Each club is composed of a shaft with a grip and a club head. Woods are mainly used for long-distance fairway or tee shots; irons, the most versatile class, are used for a variety of shots; hybrids th... | [] | [
{
"title": "Golf club",
"text": "better distance. Each head has one face which contacts the ball during the stroke. Putters may have two striking faces, as long as they are identical and symmetrical. Some chippers (a club similar in appearance to a double-sided putter but having a loft of 35–45 degrees) hav... | [
"irons",
"irons (disambiguation)",
"irons (surname)"
] |
used to carry oxygen throughout your body, you create billions of new red blood cells every day. where in your body are those red blood cells created? | [
{
"title": "Red blood cell",
"text": "second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human bod... | [] | [
{
"title": "Red blood cell",
"text": "are cells present in blood in order to transport oxygen. The only known vertebrates without red blood cells are the crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae); they live in very oxygen-rich cold water and transport oxygen freely dissolved in their blood. While they no l... | [
"bone marrow barrier",
"medulla ossium rubra",
"bone marrow stromal cells",
"hematopoietic microenvironment",
"stroma of bone marrow",
"red bone marrow",
"bone marrow",
"bone marrow stroma",
"myeloic tissue",
"medulla ossea",
"bone marrow cells",
"red marrow",
"bone marrow",
"bone marrow d... |
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