Split (1)

test · 3.61k rows

interaction_id stringlengths 6 9	query stringlengths 26 101	query_time stringclasses 1 value	answer listlengths 1 23	alt_ans listlengths 0 0	domain stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 1 value	static_or_dynamic stringclasses 1 value	search_results listlengths 0 0	retrieved_chunks listlengths 50 50
test_100	whens the last time the patriots played the eagles?	n/a	[ "Super Bowl LII" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864704", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nBowl LI, which ended up paving the way for their fifth Super Bowl victory, tying them with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for the second-most in NFL history, 1 behind the Pittsburgh Steelers with 6; the game was also the first Super Bowl to go into overtime. The Patriots became the first team to reach ten Super Bowls in the 2017–18 playoffs but lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Patriots original helmet logo was a simple tricorne hat, used only for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494369", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nsince week 15 and threw for 352 passing yards and three touchdowns. The Eagles traveled to Minneapolis to compete in Super Bowl LII, their third attempt at a title, against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX from 2005. With Foles at the helm, Philadelphia started off the game strong, leading the Patriots 22–12 at halftime. New England's only lead was by one point in the fourth quarter, 33–32. The Eagles rallied back and scored an 11-yard touchdown to tight end Zach Ertz. The last score of the game was a 46-yard field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864711", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nthanks to a new NFL rule outlawing throwback alternate helmets. In 2016, the Patriots took part in the NFL Color Rush program, wearing monochrome navy uniforms on September 22 against the Houston Texans. They have worn them only once since 2016, donning the uniforms in a Thursday Night Football matchup against the Indianapolis Colts on October 4, 2018. In terms of number of games played, the Patriots have competed most against teams either currently or formerly from the AFC East division. This includes the current teams, the New York Jets, the Miami Dolphins, and the Buffalo Bills, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11161289", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Butler\"\nand three forced fumbles. On January 21, 2018, the Patriots won the to advance to the Super Bowl for the third time in Butler's career. Butler and the Patriots lost Super Bowl LII to the Philadelphia Eagles, 41–33. Butler did not play any defensive snaps in the game, only coming in for a single play on special teams. After the game, Patriots head coach Bill Belichick said his lack of playing time was a \"\"coach's decision,\"\" not due to disciplinary issues. When asked about the benching, Butler stated \"\"I don't know what it was. I guess I wasn't playing or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693612", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n2016 home opener against the Cleveland Browns, and the 2017 home opener against the Giants. In the 2010 season against the Green Bay Packers, on September 12, 2010, the Eagles wore uniforms similar to the ones that were worn by the 1960 championship team in honor the 50th anniversary of that team. In weeks 4 and 6 of the 2010 season, the Eagles wore their white jerseys in a match-up against the Washington Redskins and Atlanta Falcons respectively before reverting to their midnight green jerseys for the rest of their home games. For the 2011 season, the Eagles did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8649173", "chunk_text": "\"The Lombardi Curse\"\nthat the franchise is cursed by Vince Lombardi; that beating Lombardi meant never winning the trophy named after him. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41 to 33 in Super Bowl LII at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 4, 2018, ending the alleged curse. In 1958, the Philadelphia Eagles offered and nearly hired Vince Lombardi to be their head coach after having served as the offensive coordinator for the New York Giants, but after some discussion he refused it in the end. The Eagles were reportedly not happy with his decision. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773187", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSuper Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8607334", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nfirst time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8732604", "chunk_text": "\"2004 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nlearned that Lewis broke his ankle on the second touchdown catch, and he would be left off the Super Bowl roster. Meanwhile, the defense held Vick to 136 passing yards and 26 rushing yards, and kept Atlanta off the scoreboard in the second half. In their first Super Bowl appearance since Super Bowl XV, the Eagles met the New England Patriots on February 6, 2005 at ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The Patriots, led by Tom Brady had won two of the past three Super Bowls and a win against the Eagles would likely lead to \"\"dynasty status\"\". They had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7774826", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Mitchell\"\nhe caught six passes for 70 yards as the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. He caught all five targets from Brady in the pivotal fourth quarter, and converted four of those five receptions into first downs. On September 7, 2017, Mitchell was placed on injured reserve due to a knee injury. With Mitchell not playing the whole season, the Patriots reached Super Bowl LII, but lost 41-33 to the Philadelphia Eagles. Throughout the offseason, Mitchell had been dealing issues with his knee, and underwent a knee procedure in July. On August 6, 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16032894", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13421028", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nmet the Boston Bruins seven times in the NHL playoffs, including a stretch where they met four out of five years. The Philadelphia Phillies and the Boston Red Sox are interleague rivals, and the two franchises met in the 1915 World Series. The Eagles and the New England Patriots rarely play, but the teams met in both the 2005 Super Bowl and the 2018 Super Bowl. The Union and the New England Revolution both play in the MLS's Eastern Conference. Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. have teams in the same division in the NFL, NHL, MLB, and MLS. The Eagles and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3485286", "chunk_text": "\"Julian Edelman\"\nAugust 25, 2017, in the team's third preseason game against the Detroit Lions, Edelman completely tore his ACL, which prematurely ended his 2017 season. He was officially placed on injured reserve on September 2, 2017. Without Edelman, the Patriots finished 13-3 and reached Super Bowl LII. The Patriots lost 41-33 to the Philadelphia Eagles. In February 2018, it was reported that Edelman expected to be ready to play by the 2018 training camp. On June 7, 2018, it was announced that Edelman was expected to be suspended for four games due to a violation of the policy against using performance-enhancing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494373", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nRedskins during the 2017 season for the first time since the 2013 season. The Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers are both located in Pennsylvania and began play in 1933. From that season, through 1966, this was a major rivalry for both teams as both were part of the same division. In 1967, they were placed in separate divisions but remained in the same conference for three years. In 1970, the Steelers (along with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts) moved to the American Football Conference while the Eagles stayed with the rest of the old-line NFL teams in the National Football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17465229", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "550896", "chunk_text": "\"2014 New England Patriots season\"\n2014 New England Patriots season The 2014 New England Patriots season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, the 55th overall and the 15th under head coach Bill Belichick. The 2014 season would mark the ten-year anniversary of the Patriots third Super Bowl win, when they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XXXIX. Despite their championship drought, Bill Belichick’s Patriots remained historically dominant throughout much of the 2000s. They qualified for the playoffs nine times—missing only the 2008 postseason—reached the AFC Championship five times, appeared in two Super Bowls and, in the eyes of many, solidified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864703", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nthe Patriots were defeated by the Giants to end their bid for a 19–0 season. With the loss, the Patriots ended the year at 18–1, becoming only one of three teams to go 18–1 along with the 1984 San Francisco 49ers and the 1985 Chicago Bears. The Patriots' returned to the Super Bowl in 2012 but lost again to the Giants, 21–17. In 2015, they won Super Bowl XLIX, defeating the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24. The Patriots became the first team to reach nine Super Bowls in the 2016–17 playoffs and faced the Atlanta Falcons in Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909101", "chunk_text": "\"2017 New England Patriots season\"\nIn addition, they had the chance to tie the Pittsburgh Steelers for the record of most Super Bowl wins by a team in NFL history with 6. However, due to a late strip-sack of Brady by Brandon Graham and a failed Hail Mary pass, the Eagles defeated the Patriots in Super Bowl LII by 41–33, ending the Patriots chance at a sixth Super Bowl title and resulting in their first Super Bowl loss since 2011. The loss prevented the Patriots from repeating their three-in-four Super Bowl run that they managed from 2001–2004. Also with the loss, the Patriots tied the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18498882", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nthe Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494342", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nEagles advanced to Super Bowl XXXIX, where they dueled the New England Patriots. Although McNabb threw 3 touchdown passes and 357 yards in the game, and the score was tied 14–14 going into the fourth quarter, the Patriots outscored the Eagles and scored ten straight points. McNabb completed a 30-yard touchdown pass, and the Eagles defense held the Patriots to a 3 and out, but a crucial interception with 46 seconds left on the clock secured their fate. The Patriots won 24–21. The team took a step back in 2005 with a 6–10 record. McNabb had played with a sports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693608", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nhowever, re-appeared for the 2008 Thanksgiving night game against the Arizona Cardinals. The black jerseys were most recently used in a December 21, 2016 game against the New York Giants, in which they won 24-19. From 2006 to 2013, the Eagles have only worn the alternate black jerseys once a season and for the last November home game, but did not use them in 2007, 2010, and 2011. For the 2007 and 2010 seasons, the Eagles used throwback uniforms in place of the black alternates for their anniversary to commemorate past teams. The team also started wearing black shoes exclusively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17465299", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\nAFC playoff games. Coverage of the NFC Wild Card and Divisional rounds was split between Fox and NBC, with each network having coverage of one game in each of those two rounds. CBS had exclusive coverage of the AFC Championship Game. Fox had exclusive coverage of the NFC Championship Game. NBC had exclusive coverage of Super Bowl LII. 2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864714", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\ndate. The Patriots rivalry with the Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts ran through the two clubs' tenure together in the AFC East (1970–2001). The two clubs clashed in several close games, such as on December 19, 1971, as a late Patriots touchdown decided a 21–17 New England win; on September 18, 1978, the Colts rallied to defeat the Patriots 34–27 on \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" on a virtual one-man scoring rampage by running back Joe Washington; on September 4, 1983, the Colts defeated the Patriots in overtime 29–23 in their final season in Baltimore. The Patriots defeated the Colts in back-to-back overtime games, 23–17", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494372", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbases, with incidents such as the 1989 Bounty Bowl. The rivalry has even spilled over into Draft Weekend, with Cowboys legend Drew Pearson and Eagles legend David Akers exchanging insults at the opposing franchise in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Not as big as the rivalries between the Giants and Cowboys, that with division rivals Washington Redskins is still fierce. It started in 1934 when the Washington Redskins were first known as the Boston Redskins; the Redskins defeated the Eagles 6–0, and lead the all-time series 85–76–6. The rivalry has been very even since 2010 overall. However, the Eagles swept the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11382107", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nleagues. The team changed its name from the original Boston Patriots after relocating to Foxborough in 1971. The Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium from 1971 to 2001, then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season. The Patriots' rivalry with the New York Jets is considered one of the most bitter rivalries in the NFL. The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl ten times in franchise history, the most of any team, eight of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15218399", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Jenkins\"\nbye and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Eagles advanced to the Super Bowl after defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the NFC Divisional Round and the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Jenkins started in Super Bowl LII recorded four solo tackles and a pass deflection as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33. The victory in Super Bowl LII marked Jenkins' second Super Bowl victory and became the second time he helped a team achieve their first Super Bowl in franchise history. Jenkins started his own charity called The Malcolm Jenkins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13651801", "chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nSpecial, showing the moment of discussion between Nick Foles and Doug Pederson, was unveiled at Lincoln Financial Field. On September 6, 2018, during the first game of the 2018 season, the Eagles ran a similar trick play against the Atlanta Falcons successfully, gaining a first down. Despite the Philly Special being occasionally called \"\"Philly Philly\"\" due to the conversation Foles and Pederson had regarding calling that play, Pederson indicated the play in the Falcons-Eagles game is called \"\"Philly Philly.\"\" It is notable that in Super Bowl LII, the Patriots ran a play that was essentially identical, albeit not successful, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387627", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Rowe\"\npass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and five starts. On January 18, 2016, the Philadelphia Eagles hired Kansas City Chiefs' offensive coordinator Doug Pederson as their new head coach. During training camp, Rowe competed to be a starting cornerback against Nolan Carroll, Leodis McKelvin, Jalen Mills, and Ron Brooks. On September 7, 2016, Rowe was traded to the Patriots for a conditional fourth-round draft pick in 2018. Head coach Bill Belichick named Rowe the fifth cornerback on the depth chart, behind Logan Ryan, Malcolm Butler, Justin Coleman, and Cyrus Jones. Rowe was inactive for the first five games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3423909", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\ngame. Manning's final meeting with the Patriots as a Colt came in November 2010; a late interception sealed a 31–28 Patriots win. In 2012, the Patriots faced the Colts, quarterbacked now by Andrew Luck, on November 18; the Patriots defeated the Colts 59–24. The Patriots also beat the Colts on January 12, 2014, 43–22. The Patriots played the Colts in the playoffs again on January 18, 2015, in the AFC title game, winning 45–7. The Patriots and the Bills were both charter members of the AFL, and even competed with each other in an AFL playoff game. They have remained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2568707", "chunk_text": "\"Duce Staley\"\nwas promoted to special teams quality control coach. After the departure of Andy Reid, Staley remained on the new staff with Chip Kelly and was promoted to the team's running backs coach. Kelly was fired as the team's head coach in December 2015 and Staley was interviewed for the vacant head coaching job in January 2016. Staley was retained as the team's running backs coach by new head coach Doug Pederson on January 20, 2016. On February 4, 2018, Staley won his first Super Bowl as a coach, and second overall, as the Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 in Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494365", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nsuch as Patrick Robinson, Chris Long, Corey Graham, Tim Jernigan and Ronald Darby. The team addressed its defense mostly in the draft, using its top three picks on defensive players. The Eagles drafted Derek Barnett with the 14th overall pick. They opened the season on the road versus the Washington Redskins and won the game 30–17. The team lost to the Kansas City Chiefs the following week, 27–20, in Pederson's return to face Andy Reid. The Eagles then won six consecutive games, including a road victory against the Carolina Panthers, 28–23. On the morning of October 31, 2017, just before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909100", "chunk_text": "\"2017 New England Patriots season\"\nfrom the previous year. The win also made Tom Brady the oldest quarterback (40 years, 163 days) to win a playoff game, surpassing Brett Favre for the record. It was also the second time they advanced to the Super Bowl two consecutive seasons since 2004. They faced the Philadelphia Eagles in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. This also made the Patriots the only team in NFL history to appear in ten Super Bowls, and gave the Patriots a chance to repeat as Super Bowl Champions for the second time in franchise history, and for the first time since 2004.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773234", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSeahawks, 28–24, ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, 34-28, two years later. The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams (5 by the Patriots, 3 by the Red Sox, and one each by the Celtics and Bruins) since 2002. With the Eagles’ loss, the city of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philly-based pro sports team since the 1983 Sixers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909253", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nin the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693620", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbefore any major uniform changes and alterations can be made, it would most likely be quite some time before any uniform changes are officially made. In Week 6 of 2014 against the New York Giants, the team introduced black pants to complement their black jerseys, giving them a blackout uniform set, the Eagles won the game 27–0. The victory was their first shutout in 18 years. The blackout uniform was most recently worn in a Week 16 victory, 19-10, against the Raiders in 2017. The Eagles are 6–3 in their blackout uniforms: winning three times against the Giants and once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3621893", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nACL tear and was replaced by journeyman backup quarterback Nick Foles, who was playing for his third team in as many years and his second stint with the Eagles. Still, Foles was able to lead the team to victory in that game, as well as the next two. The Eagles lost a meaningless week 17 matchup with the Cowboys led by third-string quarterback Nate Sudfeld. Then in their two playoff games, Foles threw for a combined total of 598 yards, three touchdowns and no interceptions. The Patriots entered the 2017 NFL season as defending Super Bowl champions. For the 16th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15632263", "chunk_text": "\"Merrill Reese\"\n(1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the \"\"Philly Special\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494378", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nthe team wore midnight green jerseys and pants for the first of only two occasions in team history. The second occasion was in 2002, during the final regular season game at Veterans Stadium, a win over the division-rival Washington Redskins. A year later, in the first two games of the 2003 season (both home losses to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New England Patriots), the Eagles wore white jerseys with white pants. Since 2003, the white jerseys along with white pants have been worn during preseason games. The 2003 season also saw the first (though only subtle) change to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14723894", "chunk_text": "\"Stephon Gilmore\"\nstarted in his first career playoff game and recorded one tackle and two pass deflections as the Patriots defeated the Tennessee Titans 35-14 in the AFC Divisional round. After defeating the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship Game, the Patriots would go on to face the Philadelphia Eagles in the Super Bowl. In the AFC Championship Game, Gilmore had a key pass deflection late in the fourth quarter. On February 4, 2018, Gilmore started in Super Bowl LII and recorded four solo tackles and two pass deflections during the Patriots' 41-33 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. On July 12, 2014,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19067750", "chunk_text": "\"Nigel Bradham\"\na 15–10 victory against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional Round. The Philadelphia Eagles reached Super Bowl LII after defeating the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Bradham started in Super Bowl LII and recorded seven combined tackles in the Eagles' 41–33 victory over the New England Patriots. On March 14, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles signed Bradham to a five-year, $40 million contract that includes $14 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $5 million. On June 29, 2018, Bradham was suspended for the first game of the season for violating the NFL's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12631021", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Jenkins\"\nseven combined tackles, deflected a pass, and returned an interception for a touchdown in the Eagles 35–28 victory at the New England Patriots in Week 15. He intercepted a pass by quarterback Tom Brady, that was thrown to Danny Amendola at the goal line, and returned it for a 99-yard touchdown in the third quarter. It became Jenkins fourth career pick six and his performance earned him NFC Defensive Player of the Week. On December 28, 2015, the Philadelphia Eagles fired head coach Chip Kelly after finishing Week 16 with an 6–9 record. Jenkins finished his second and last season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19349564", "chunk_text": "\"2014 New England Patriots season\"\ntouchdown. Receiver Danny Amendola had 5 catches for 48 yards and 1 touchdown. Chris Matthews broke out with 4 catches for 109 yards and a touchdown. 2014 New England Patriots season The 2014 New England Patriots season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, the 55th overall and the 15th under head coach Bill Belichick. The 2014 season would mark the ten-year anniversary of the Patriots third Super Bowl win, when they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XXXIX. Despite their championship drought, Bill Belichick’s Patriots remained historically dominant throughout much of the 2000s. They qualified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177177", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\n2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693621", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nagainst each of the Minnesota Vikings, Denver Broncos, and Oakland Raiders, and losing against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. The Eagles previously held their preseason training camp from the end of July through mid-August each year at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley. With the addition of head coach Chip Kelly, the Eagles in 2013, moved their training camp to the NovaCare Complex in Philadelphia. Training camps were previously held at Chestnut Hill Academy in 1935, Saint Joseph's University in 1939 and 1943, Saranac Lake from 1946 to 1948, Hershey from 1951 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6130470", "chunk_text": "\"2016 New England Patriots season\"\nLinebacker Dane Fletcher also retired. In March, the Patriots released wide receiver Brandon LaFell and tight end Scott Chandler. The Patriots subsequently traded Pro Bowl defensive end Chandler Jones to the Arizona Cardinals in exchange for guard Jonathan Cooper and a 2016 second-round draft pick. Days later the Patriots acquired tight end Martellus Bennett from the Chicago Bears via trade. On September 7, the Patriots gained cornerback Eric Rowe in a trade that involved the Patriots giving the Philadelphia Eagles a conditional draft pick in the 2018 NFL Draft. On October 26, 2016, the Patriots traded a 2017 seventh-round draft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8095654", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New England Patriots\"\nfor any team since the league switched to a 12-team playoff format in 1990 (surpassing the 1992–95 Dallas Cowboys). The Patriots defeated the Baltimore Ravens 35–31 in the Divisional Round of the playoffs, advancing to their fourth consecutive AFC Championship game. There, they defeated the Indianapolis Colts 45–7 to advance to their eight Super Bowl appearance, making them only the third team to reach the Super Bowl eight times, with the other teams being the Pittsburgh Steelers and Dallas Cowboys. On February 1, 2015, the Patriots played the defending Super Bowl champions Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX. After a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3600704", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Kraft\"\nwas one of only six playoff appearances in 34 years. Since Kraft bought the team, however, they have made the playoffs 18 times in 23 years. They won AFC East titles in 1996, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017; they represented the AFC in the Super Bowl that concluded each of the following seasons: 1996 (lost), 2001 (won), 2003 (won), 2004 (won), 2007 (lost), 2011 (lost), 2014 (won), 2016 (won), and 2017 (lost). The Patriots finished the 2003, 2004, 2010, and 2016 seasons with identical 14–2 regular-season records –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693599", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n86–86–2. Three of the best known comebacks against the Giants are labeled as \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands – Herm Edwards\"\", \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands II – Brian Westbrook\"\" and \"\"Miracle In The New Meadowlands – DeSean Jackson\"\". The Cowboys have been one of the Eagles' biggest rivals. The Eagles won the first game in this rivalry 27–25 on September 30, 1960. Dallas leads the all-time series 63–51–0. They have been close in recent years, with Dallas winning 12 games from 2006 to the present while the Eagles have also won 12. There is much hostility between the two teams' fan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6460014", "chunk_text": "\"Jomal Wiltz\"\nteam's best defensive player and was named honorable mention All-Big 12. In addition he was invited to compete in the College Gridiron Showcase. Wiltz signed with the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent on May 11, 2017. He was waived on September 2, 2017 and was signed to the Eagles' practice squad the next day. On September 7, 2017, Wiltz was signed to the New England Patriots' practice squad. He was released by the Patriots on September 20, 2017 but was re-signed five days later. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Patriots on February 6, 2018. On September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818227", "chunk_text": "\"Will Tye\"\n2017. On September 10, Tye made his Jets debut, recording three receptions for 34 yards in the 21–12 loss to the Buffalo Bills. He was released on October 3, 2017. On October 12, 2017, Tye was signed to the New England Patriots' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Patriots on February 6, 2018. On September 1, Tye was waived with an injury designation as part of the roster cutdown, and reverted to the team's injured reserve the next day. He was released on September 6, 2018. On November 13, 2018, Tye was signed to the Philadelphia Eagles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_101	who's playing in the world series and when is it?	n/a	[ "Houston Astros", "Los Angeles Dodgers", "October 24 – November 1" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150071", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\n2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150102", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nHouse, on a yet to be determined date. 2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573820", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\"\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743383", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nthen each league has conducted a championship series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance. As of 2018, the World Series has been contested 114 times, with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 48. The 2018 World Series took place between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Boston Red Sox from October 23-28, with the Red Sox winning in five games to earn their ninth title. This was the first World Series meeting between these two teams since 1916. Having previously lost to the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455145", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nis awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the second tie-breaker would be head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the third tie-breaker would be best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962. The Boston Red Sox won the 2018 World Series, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in 5 games for their fourth title since 2004. American League (AL)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12572435", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Major League Baseball season\"\n2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13919934", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Major League Baseball season\"\nregular season games were broadcast exclusively in the United States on Facebook Watch, beginning with the April 4 game between the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. 2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150073", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nteam since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins. Red Sox manager Alex Cora and Dodgers manager Dave Roberts were teammates on the Dodgers in 2002, 2003,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150078", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nentered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the 2018 National League Division Series and the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the 2018 National League Championship Series, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of a League Championship Series on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150098", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nSeries (4–1): Boston Red Sox beat Los Angeles Dodgers. The World Series was televised nationally by Fox for the 19th straight year. Joe Buck was the play-by-play announcer, with John Smoltz as the color commentator. Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci were the field reporters. Fox Deportes offered a Spanish-language feed, with Rolando Nichols providing play-by-play and Carlos Álvarez and Edgar Gonzalez doing color commentary. Outside of the United States, MLB International carried the series with play-by-play by Matt Vasgersian and color commentary by Buck Martinez. ESPN Radio broadcast all the World Series games in English for the 21st straight year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743382", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nWorld Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy. As the series is played during the fall season in North America, it is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic. Prior to 1969, the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series; since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5167698", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Major League Baseball season\"\n2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2, 2017 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, and ended on October 1. The postseason began on October 3. The 2017 World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5–1, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history. The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573827", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nthe Chicago White Sox. They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"\"Strong\"\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"\"Houston Strong\"\". Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743438", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nWorld Cup and generally disregarded its results. The Caribbean Series features competition among the league champions from Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela but unlike the FIFA Club World Cup, there is no club competition that features champions from all professional leagues across the world. World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400068", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nreceived $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14 The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting. The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was \"\"Houston Astros' Day\"\". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade. Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series. 2017 World Series The 2017 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573822", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nwith Reggie Jackson in 1977 and Chase Utley in 2009. This was the first World Series in which home-field advantage was decided by the regular season record of the two pennant winners. From 1903 to 2002, home-field advantage had been determined by coin flips and by alternating between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, it was determined by results from that season's All-Star Game, when it was awarded to the team from the winning league. The Dodgers earned home-field advantage over the Astros. The series was played in a 2–3–2 format, with the Dodgers hosting Games 1, 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400065", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nthe 2016 World Series. For the second straight year, a World Series game, Game 5, beat out \"\"NBC Sunday Night Football\"\" in ratings. ESPN Radio broadcast the series nationally in English, with Dan Shulman providing the play-by-play and Aaron Boone serving as color analyst. Tim Kurkjian and Buster Olney served as reporters for the network, while Marc Kestecher hosted the pre-game and post-game coverage along with analyst Chris Singleton. The ESPN Radio coverage was carried on affiliated stations throughout the United States and Canada, as well as online at ESPN.com and via the ESPN mobile app. Spanish-language coverage was provided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150083", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nthe fifth inning after relieving Sale, got the win, while Kershaw took the loss for Los Angeles. Game 2 featured another matchup of left-handed pitchers; Boston started David Price, who got the win in Game 5 of the 2018 American League Championship Series, while Los Angeles started Hyun-jin Ryu, who took the loss in Game 6 of the 2018 National League Championship Series. The Red Sox again scored first, this time in the second inning, when Xander Bogaerts doubled and then scored on a single by Ian Kinsler. The Dodgers loaded the bases in the fourth inning and David Freese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496332", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\n2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home-field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All-Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home-field advantage determined by the All-Star Game results; since , home-field advantage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20923177", "chunk_text": "\"2018 National League Championship Series\"\n2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league history, with Fox airing all games in the United States. This series was the first time two teams that won their division in a tiebreaker game faced each other in a playoff series, as well as the first postseason match-up between the Brewers and Dodgers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150072", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\n15 years dating back to 2004, and their ninth in franchise history. Steve Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, while Alex Cora became the fifth first-season manager, and first manager from Puerto Rico, to win the World Series. The Series was notable for its third game which went for 18 innings, a World Series record. Additionally, the Red Sox became the first team to win two World Series exactly one century apart, as they had defeated the Chicago Cubs in 1918, while the Dodgers were the first team since the 2011 Texas Rangers, and the first NL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150099", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nas part of \"\"Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio\"\". Dan Shulman called the play-by-play, with Chris Singleton serving as color analyst and Buster Olney as field reporter. Marc Kestecher hosted the pre-game show with Olney and Tim Kurkjian reporting. Jon Sciambi called the play-by-play for Game 5 due to Shulman developing laryngitis. ESPN Deportes Radio provided Spanish-language coverage of the Series. Eduardo Ortega called the play-by-play and Orlando Hernández, Renato Bermudez, and José Francisco Rivera served as analysts. Locally, both teams' flagship radio stations broadcast the series with their regular announcers, which were simulcast over SiriusXM radio. In Los Angeles,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400063", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nin seven games, a franchise won its first World Series title. After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted. 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros defeated Los Angeles Dodgers. Fox broadcast the series in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455156", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nOhio (Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds), Florida (Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins), Texas (Texas Rangers and Houston Astros – who now both play in the American League since the Astros changed leagues in 2013, making any future joint World Series appearance an impossibility unless one of the teams switches leagues), or Pennsylvania (the Philadelphia Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates have been traditional National League rivals going back to the late 19th Century). Neither the Phillies nor the Pirates ever faced the Athletics in October during the latter team's tenure in Philadelphia, through 1954. The Boston Red Sox never similarly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400048", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nhome run. He stretched the sides of his eyes and mouthing the Spanish word \"\"chinito\"\", which translates to \"\"little Chinese Boy\"\"; Darvish is from Japan. Gurriel apologized, and said that anyone from Asia is called a \"\"chino\"\" in Cuba, although he acknowledged knowing that the term was offensive in Japan from having played there. As a result, Rob Manfred, the Commissioner of Baseball, suspended Gurriel for the first five games of the 2018 MLB season without pay, but allowed him to continue playing in the World Series. The starting pitchers for Game 4 were Alex Wood for the Dodgers and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496371", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\ncity of Chicago estimated that over five million people attended the World Series parade and rally celebration, which would make it one of the largest human gatherings in history. After the season, the Cubs chose to make two traditional White House visits during then-President (and White Sox fan), Barack Obama's final week in office on January 16, 2017, and during President Donald Trump's tenure on June 28, 2017. 2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3816326", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Major League Baseball season\"\nthe American League Division Series. Fox and FS1 will televise the American League Championship Series. The World Series will air exclusively on Fox for the 20th consecutive year. 2019 Major League Baseball season The 2019 Major League Baseball season will begin on March 20 and is scheduled to end on September 29. The postseason will begin on October 1. The World Series is set to begin on October 22 and a potential Game 7 will be played on October 30 if necessary. The entire schedule was released on August 22, 2018. The 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455144", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nNew York Mets in the World Series 4–1, capturing their first title in 30 years. The 2015 contest was the first time that two expansion clubs met for the Fall Classic. In 2016, the Chicago Cubs ended their 108-year long drought without a World Series title by defeating the Cleveland Indians, rallying from a 3–1 Series deficit in the process. That extended Cleveland's World Series title drought to 68 years and counting – the Indians last won the Series in 1948 – now the longest title drought in the majors. Beginning in 2017, home field advantage in the World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512757", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Championship Series\"\n2018 American League Championship Series The 2018 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series pitting the Houston Astros against the Boston Red Sox, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series. The series was played in a 2-3-2 format, with the first two and last two (if necessary) games played at the home ballpark of the higher seeded team. The series was the 49th in league history, with TBS televising all games in the United States. The Red Sox defeated the Astros, four games to one. For the second year in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6428821", "chunk_text": "\"2015 World Series\"\n2015 World Series The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2015 season. The 111th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 27 and November 1, with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1. It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November. The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455143", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nfirst World Series title in 2011, but the St. Louis Cardinals' David Freese, the eventual Series MVP, drove in both the tying and winning runs late in Game 6 to force a Game 7. The Kansas City Royals reached the World Series in 2014, which was their first appearance in the postseason since winning the series in 1985. At the time, it was the longest postseason drought in baseball. They lost in seven games to the Giants. The following season, the Royals finished with the American League's best record, and won a second consecutive American League pennant. They defeated the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512816", "chunk_text": "\"2018 National League Championship Series\"\n2006 Cardinals. This was also Los Angeles first playoff series win where they did not win Game 1 since the 1988 NLCS. Cody Bellinger was named the NLCS MVP, becoming the youngest to win the award. 2018 NLCS (4–3): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Milwaukee Brewers 2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150095", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nan MLB, NFL (Rams), NHL (Kings), MLS (Galaxy) and NBA (Clippers) game all on the same day. Clayton Kershaw started for the Dodgers, while David Price started for the Red Sox. Price became the first pitcher to start World Series games no more than four days apart while also pitching in relief between those games since Jack Billingham of the Cincinnati Reds did so in the 1972 World Series. Jackie Bradley Jr. again did not start in the outfield for Boston, but entered the game as a defensive replacement in the bottom of the ninth inning. Both teams scored in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573825", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nsince the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1958, and the 19th overall. Entering the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers bullpen had thrown 23 consecutive scoreless innings, a postseason record for a bullpen. Additionally, by outscoring the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs by a combined 48–19 margin, the Dodgers entered the World Series with the third-best run differential of any pennant winner since the playoff structure was expanded in 1995. All-Star shortstop Corey Seager, who was out for the entire National League Championship Series with a back injury, was included on the Dodgers' World Series roster. Manager Dave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743384", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nbecame the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons. In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 14 and won 9, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 20 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743419", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nof them had gone the full seven games. Since then, the 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2017 World Series have gone the full seven games. This rule was subject to debate, with various writers feeling that home-field advantage should be decided based on the regular season records of the participants, not on an exhibition game played several months earlier. Some writers especially questioned the integrity of this rule after the 2014 All-Star Game, when St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Adam Wainwright suggested that he intentionally gave Derek Jeter some easy pitches to hit in the New York Yankees' shortstop's final All-Star appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573821", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nfirst team from Texas to do so. It was the first time since 2001-2002 when two consecutive World Series went to seven games. Both teams set a World Series record with a combined total of 25 home runs throughout the entire series, including a team record 15 home runs by the Astros, and hit a combined total of eight home runs in Game 2 to set the single game World Series mark. Houston outfielder George Springer was named as the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) after hitting five home runs in the series to tie a World Series record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150087", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\ntied at one. In the 13th inning, Brock Holt walked, advanced on a wild pitch and scored the go-ahead run on an infield single by Eduardo Núñez and a throwing error by pitcher Scott Alexander. Then in the bottom of the inning, Max Muncy walked against Nathan Eovaldi, advanced to second on a pop out to Núñez in foul territory and then scored the tying run after an infield hit by Yasiel Puig and a throwing error by Ian Kinsler. Muncy hit a walk-off home run off Eovaldi in the 18th inning to win it for the Dodgers, 3–2, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743411", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nthe Pittsburgh Pirates. In 1994, each league was restructured into three divisions, with the three division winners and the newly introduced wild card winner advancing to a best-of-five playoff round (the \"\"division series\"\"), the National League Division Series (NLDS) and American League Division Series (ALDS). The team with the best league record is matched against the wild card team, unless they are in the same division, in which case, the team with the second-best record plays against the wild card winner. The remaining two division winners are pitted against each other. The winners of the series in the first round", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150075", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\n2018 postseason. The Red Sox surpassed the 100-win mark for the first time since 1946, broke the franchise record of 105 wins that had been set in 1912, and won the most games of any MLB team since the 2001 Seattle Mariners won 116. The 2018 Red Sox were highlighted by All-Stars Mookie Betts, Craig Kimbrel, J. D. Martinez, Mitch Moreland, and Chris Sale. Betts led baseball in batting average and slugging percentage, while Martinez led in runs batted in. Sale tossed only 158 innings due to a shoulder injury late in the year, but was otherwise superb, posting a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440036", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\n2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3816317", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Major League Baseball season\"\n2019 Major League Baseball season The 2019 Major League Baseball season will begin on March 20 and is scheduled to end on September 29. The postseason will begin on October 1. The World Series is set to begin on October 22 and a potential Game 7 will be played on October 30 if necessary. The entire schedule was released on August 22, 2018. The 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be held on July 9 at Progressive Field, home of the Cleveland Indians. As has been the case since 2013, teams were scheduled to play 19 against each division", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2842699", "chunk_text": "\"2009 World Series\"\n2009 World Series The 2009 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2009 season. As the 105th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff contested between the Philadelphia Phillies, champions of the National League (NL) and defending World Series champions, and the New York Yankees, champions of the American League (AL). The Yankees defeated the Phillies, 4 games to 2, winning their 27th World Series championship. The series was played between October 28 and November 4, broadcast on Fox, and watched by an average of roughly 19 million viewers. Due to the start", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150097", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nPearce hit another home run, this time off of Pedro Báez. Price pitched into the eighth, allowing only one run on three hits and two walks while striking out five. He became just the fifth pitcher to pitch 6+ innings and allow three or fewer hits in three straight postseason starts. Joe Kelly and Chris Sale pitched the last two innings and both struck out the side, Sale getting Manny Machado to strike out for the last out, the Red Sox winning the game 5–1 and the title 4–1. Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. 2018 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150094", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nfirst lead of the game. The Red Sox loaded the bases against Floro and Alex Wood and then Pearce doubled to right center off Kenta Maeda, scoring all three runs to put the Red Sox up, 8–4. They added another run when Xander Bogaerts drove in Pearce with a single. Kiké Hernández hit a two-run homer off of Craig Kimbrel in the ninth to cut the lead to three. Kimbrel was able to get the last three outs and the Red Sox took a three games to one lead. On October 28, Los Angeles became the first city to host", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20582300", "chunk_text": "\"2014 World Series\"\n2014 World Series The 2014 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2014 season. The 110th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion San Francisco Giants and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 21 to 29. The Giants defeated the Royals four games to three to clinch their third World Series championship in a five-season span (2010–14), and their third overall since the club's move to San Francisco from New York. It was the Giants' eighth World Series championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150079", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nappearance. Two came in Brooklyn in 1952–1953 and 1955–1956, and two came in Los Angeles in 1965–1966 and 1977–1978. Overall, this was the Dodgers' 20th World Series appearance. The Red Sox started Chris Sale against the Dodgers' Clayton Kershaw. Kershaw became the first pitcher to start the first game of the World Series in back-to-back years since Cliff Lee did so in 2009 (for the Phillies) and 2010 (for the Rangers) and the first to do so for the same team since Dave Stewart pitched three consecutive Game 1s for the Oakland Athletics from 1988 to 1990. The Red Sox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20377571", "chunk_text": "\"2013 World Series\"\n2013 World Series The 2013 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2013 season. The 109th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Red Sox won, 4 games to 2. The Red Sox had home field advantage for the series, based on the AL's win in the 2013 MLB All-Star Game on July 16. This was the first World Series since 1999 to feature both #1 seeds from the American League and National League.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10406797", "chunk_text": "\"2017 National League Championship Series\"\n2017 National League Championship Series The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 2016 NLCS, which Chicago won four games to two en route to their first World Series victory since 1908. This was just the 10th time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The Dodgers beat the Cubs in five games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150100", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nthe broadcast was on AM 570 LA Sports with Charley Steiner and Rick Monday in English, on Univision America 1020 with Jaime Jarrín and Jorge Jarrín in Spanish, and on Radio Korea 1540 AM in Korean. The Red Sox broadcast was on WEEI 93.7 FM in English with Joe Castiglione, Tim Neverett and Lou Merloni, and in Spanish on WCCM 1490 AM with Uri Berenguer. The 2018 World Series was sponsored by YouTube TV, the second consecutive year that the service sponsored the series. This sponsorship included logo branding in-stadium and on official digital properties, on the field, as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_102	who plays the evil doctor in wonder woman?	n/a	[ "Elena Anaya", "Spanish actress Elena Anaya" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11004492", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nthe film. In July, Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor. Other cast members include Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta, Robin Wright as General Antiope, Danny Huston as Erich Ludendorff, Elena Anaya as Doctor Poison, and David Thewlis as Ares. Filming began in November 2015, and was shot in the United Kingdom, France and Italy. \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" was released in North America on June 2, 2017. Motivated by at the hands of Doomsday, Batman and Wonder Woman assemble a team of metahumans to face a new catastrophic threat. In June 2013, it was reported that Goyer would be writing \"\"Justice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3641378", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Poison\"\nDoctor Poison Doctor Poison is the name of two fictional characters, supervillains who appear in DC Comics publications and related media. Both villains were members of the super-villain team Villainy Inc. and have appeared as major recurring enemies for Wonder Woman. The original Princess Maru () incarnation of the character made her cinematic debut in the 2017 film \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", portrayed by Spanish actress Elena Anaya. The Princess Maru incarnation of Doctor Poison first appeared in \"\"Sensation Comics\"\" #2 and was created by William Moulton Marston and Harry G. Peter. The second Doctor Poison first appeared in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" Vol.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12036744", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Psycho\"\nillness (ranging from mild obsessiveness to full-blown insanity), possessing a diminutive stature, and harboring a misogynistic hatred of women. The character of Doctor Psycho was created by William Moulton Marston, creator of Wonder Woman and author of her original adventures. Marston, a psychologist, created Doctor Psycho as a murderous psychopath with an intense hatred of women. The character was partly inspired by actor Lon Chaney (\"\"Man of a thousand faces\"\") and partly by Marston's undergraduate advisor Hugo Münsterberg, who was opposed to women's suffrage and feminism, and was into metaphysics. Doctor Psycho was also one of several villains created for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034822", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nWonder Woman (2017 film) Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, produced by DC Entertainment in association with RatPac Entertainment and Chinese company Tencent Pictures, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Patty Jenkins from a screenplay by Allan Heinberg and a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" stars Gal Gadot in the title role, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. It is the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20020686", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2011 TV pilot)\"\nThoms were cast as villain Veronica Cale and Diana's personal assistant Etta Candy, respectively. Pedro Pascal was cast as Ed Indelicato, Wonder Woman's liaison to the police department and Cary Elwes as Henry Detmer, who runs the day-to-day operations of Diana's company. Actor Justin Bruening was cast to play Steve Trevor. The plot is described as \"\"a reinvention of the iconic DC Comic in which Wonder Womanaka Diana Themyscirais a vigilante crime fighter in L.A., but also a successful corporate executive and a modern woman, trying to balance all of the elements of her extraordinary life.\"\" No clear reference is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15442557", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nthe first live-action cinematic portrayal of the character. As well, Elena Anaya's performance as Doctor Poison is the cinematic debut of that character. Nicole Kidman was in negotiations for the role of Queen Hippolyta, but was forced to drop out due to scheduling conflicts with \"\"Big Little Lies\"\". Production began on November 21, 2015, under the working title \"\"Nightingale\"\". Among the film sets were Lower Halstow, Kent, and Australia House in England and the Sassi di Matera, Castel del Monte and Camerota in Southern Italy. Matthew Jensen was the director of photography, filming in the United Kingdom, France and Italy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12036743", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Psycho\"\nDoctor Psycho Doctor Psycho is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media. Traditionally presented as an adversary of Wonder Woman, he was first introduced to comics readers in the 1940s by Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston. He has since undergone several minor updates over the years as comics continuities have shifted and evolved. In his original appearances, Doctor Psycho demonstrated a command over the occult and was able to harness supernatural energies. Since 1987, he has been presented as a powerful telepath. Despite these changes, Doctor Psycho has consistently been portrayed as suffering from mental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11259578", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Psycho\"\nmental labyrinth and defeats Doctor Psycho and his illusions, returning him to the mental institution. Doctor Psycho appears as a primary antagonist in the second volume of \"\"\"\" by writer Grant Morrison and artist Yanick Paquette. This version of the character is Dr. Leon Zeiko, a pick-up artist who manipulates Wonder Woman. Doctor Psycho Doctor Psycho is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media. Traditionally presented as an adversary of Wonder Woman, he was first introduced to comics readers in the 1940s by Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston. He has since undergone several minor updates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2106505", "chunk_text": "\"Elena Anaya\"\na starring role in 2010's \"\"Room in Rome\"\", and then a return to Almodóvar in \"\"The Skin I Live In\"\". In 2017, Anaya appeared as Doctor Poison in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". In August 2011, Spanish tabloid magazine \"\"Cuore\"\" published photographs of Anaya kissing director Beatriz Sanchís at a naturist beach in Menorca. They were reportedly in a relationship from 2008 to 2013. In November 2016, it was announced that Anaya was expecting her first child with her partner, Tina Afugu Cordero, a costume designer. In February 2017, Anaya gave birth to their son. Elena Anaya Elena Anaya Gutiérrez (born 17 July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838071", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nto Bruce Wayne thanking him for the photographic plate of her and Steve and continues to fight and give on the world's behalf. Additionally, Mayling Ng, Florence Kasumba, Madeleine Vall Beijner, Hayley Jane Warnes and Ann Wolfe portray Orana, Acantha, Egeria, Aella and Artemis, respectively, all of whom are Amazons. James Cosmo appears as Field Marshal Haig, Steffan Rhodri appears as Colonel Darnell, and Dutch supermodel Doutzen Kroes portrays the Amazon Venelia. Samantha Jo was cast as the Amazonian Euboea, and previously played the Kryptonian, Car-Vex, in \"\"Man of Steel\"\". Zack Snyder also makes a brief cameo appearance in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034923", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nwould be titled \"\"Wonder Woman 2\"\"; the date was later moved up to November 1, 2019, to avoid competition with \"\"\"\". Later, Jenkins was officially signed to return as director, with confirmation that Gadot will be returning as the titular role. Days later, the studio hired Dave Callaham to co-write the film's script with Jenkins and Johns. On March 9, 2018, Kristen Wiig was confirmed to play Cheetah, the villain of the film. Later that month, it was announced that Pedro Pascal would have a key role in the film. In May 2018, long-time DCEU producer Zack Snyder confirmed on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11048372", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Crudup\"\nBilly Crudup William Gaither \"\"Billy\"\" Crudup ( born July 8, 1968) is an American actor. He is known for his role in \"\"Gypsy\"\", and supporting roles in films including \"\"Almost Famous\"\", \"\"Big Fish\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Watchmen\"\", \"\"Public Enemies\"\", \"\"Spotlight\"\", and \"\"\"\", as well as lead roles in films including \"\"Without Limits\"\", \"\"Dedication\"\", \"\"The Stanford Prison Experiment\"\", and the animated film \"\"Princess Mononoke\"\". He appeared in the 2017 superhero film \"\"Justice League\"\" as Doctor Henry Allen. He has also had an extensive stage acting career, appearing mostly on Broadway. He has been nominated four times for a Tony Award for his acting,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656208", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nWonder Woman 1984 Wonder Woman 1984 (also known as WW84) is an upcoming American superhero film based on the DC Comics character Wonder Woman, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is intended to be the sequel to 2017's \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" and the ninth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). It is directed by Patty Jenkins and written by Jenkins, Geoff Johns, and David Callaham, from a story written by Johns and Jenkins. It stars Gal Gadot in the title role, with Chris Pine, Kristen Wiig, Pedro Pascal, Connie Nielsen and Robin Wright in supporting roles. It is the fourth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15442553", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nof the Allies during World War II). As for story development, Jenkins credits the stories by the character's creator William Moulton Marston in the 1940s and George Perez's seminal stories in the 1980s in which he modernized the character. In addition, it follows some aspects of DC Comics' origin changes in The New 52 reboot, where Diana is the daughter of Zeus. Jenkins cited Richard Donner's \"\"Superman\"\" as an inspiration. In late 2013, Zack Snyder cast Gal Gadot in the role of Wonder Woman for the 2016 film, \"\"\"\" over Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko. Some fans initially reacted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656215", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nwith director Patty Jenkins confirming her casting the next month. By March 28, Pedro Pascal, who played Ed Indelicato in the pilot of the canceled 2011 \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" television adaptation, was cast in an undisclosed key role. On June 13, director Patty Jenkins confirmed the addition of Chris Pine as Steve Trevor through Twitter. On July 24, 2018, Natasha Rothwell was announced to be cast in an undisclosed role. A few days later, on July 27, Ravi Patel and Gabriella Wilde also joined the film, with their being roles kept under wraps as well. By late August, Connie Nielsen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399934", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nWar\"\". Patty Jenkins reported online, that the film will be another great love story with a new love interest being cast. Pre-production began in early December, 2017, according to director Patty Jenkins, with filming scheduled to start in June 2018, under the working title, \"\"Magic Hour.\"\" Production will be returning to Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in the United Kingdom. By February 2018, Kristen Wiig had entered early negotiations to portray the film's primary antagonist, Barbara Ann Minerva / Cheetah. \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\" is scheduled to be released in North America on June 5, 2020. The title \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" refers to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034823", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nlive action theatrical film featuring Wonder Woman following her debut in 2016's \"\"\"\". In \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", the Amazon princess Diana sets out to stop World War I, believing the conflict was started by the longtime enemy of the Amazons, Ares, after American pilot and spy Steve Trevor crash-lands on their island Themyscira and informs her about it. Development of a live action Wonder Woman film began in 1996, with Ivan Reitman slated to produce and possibly direct. The project floundered in development hell for many years; Jon Cohen, Todd Alcott, and Joss Whedon, among others, were also attached to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14288469", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (Earth-Two)\"\nNew Original Wonder Woman\"\"). Lynda Carter was cast in the title role, with Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor. Using the World War II era as its setting during Season 1, the series featured elements of the Earth-Two version of Wonder Woman, including Trevor's plane crash on Paradise Island, Princess Diana's tournament victory and departure for Man's World (via the invisible plane) and the Amazon's secret identity in the War Department as Diana Prince (Details of the character's origin involving her birth were omitted). Most of the villains were Nazis and Nazi sympathizers, including Baroness Paula von Gunther (portrayed by Christine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6448184", "chunk_text": "\"Ares (DC Comics)\"\nAres (DC Comics) Ares (also known as Mars) is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Based on the Greek mythological figure of the same name, he is the Greek god of war and serves as the nemesis of the superhero Wonder Woman within the DC Universe. The character has appeared in various forms of media. Alfred Molina voiced him in the 2009 direct-to-video animated movie \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". Ares later made his live-action debut in the 2017 film \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" as the main villain, where he was portrayed by English actor David Thewlis. Ares first appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8947448", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Cyber\"\nDoctor Cyber Doctor Cyber is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, traditionally as an adversary of the superhero Wonder Woman. She first appeared in 1968 as the head of a vast global criminal and terrorist group in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", vol. 1, issue #179, written by Dennis O'Neil and illustrated by Mike Sekowsky and Dick Giordano. In her early appearances, Dr. Cyber was a beautiful and elegantly-attired woman. Later, after her face was disfigured in an accident, she donned a gold muzzle-mask and technologically advanced full-body exoskeleton. These cybernetic enhancements increased Cyber's physical strength, and gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18554645", "chunk_text": "\"Cultural impact of Wonder Woman\"\nWonder Woman's costume or T-shirt representations of said costume. Wonder Woman entered the cultural lexicon, as characters were compared to Wonder Woman due to their athletic prowess, beauty and/or height. Cobie Smulders performed the voice for Wonder Woman in 2014's \"\"The Lego Movie\"\". Wonder Woman reappeared briefly as a non-speaking character in follow-up \"\"The Lego Batman Movie\"\" (2017). The first live action theatrical film featuring Wonder Woman was 2016's \"\"\"\". The second was 2017's \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". \"\"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\"\" is a 2017 film about American psychologist William Moulton Marston, who created Wonder Woman. The film, directed and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1442521", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe Animated Original Movies\"\nto voice the character. Jason O'Mara, Jerry O'Connell and Rosario Dawson reprise their roles as Batman, Superman and Wonder Woman, respectively. Also joining them in the film are Camilla Luddington as Zatanna, Nicholas Turturro as Deadman, Ray Chase as Etrigan the Demon, Roger Cross as Swamp Thing and Green Lantern / John Stewart, Colleen Villard as Black Orchid, JB Blanc as Merlin and Abnegazar, Jeffrey Vincent Parise as Rath, Fred Tatasciore as Ghast, Enrico Colantoni as Felix Faust, Jeremy Davies as Ritchie Simpson, and Alfred Molina as Destiny. The film was digitally released on January 24, 2017 and on DVD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15442556", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\noffered a different role (as a villain) in \"\"Man of Steel\"\", which she declined because she was pregnant at the time; this allowed her to later be cast as Wonder Woman in the film's follow-up. Gadot signed a three-picture deal. She was paid a base salary of $300,000 for the film itself. Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor, a character he described as a \"\"rogue-ish, cynical realist who's seen the awful brutish nature of modern civilization\"\" and added that he is a \"\"worldly guy, a charming guy\"\". He signed a multi-picture deal. Lucy Davis' performance as Etta Candy is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2944352", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nGal Gadot was cast as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, marking the character's first appearance in a live-action theatrical film. Later in the month, Chris Terrio was hired to rewrite Goyer's script. In January 2014, the film was delayed from its July 17, 2015, release date to May 6, 2016, to give the filmmakers \"\"time to realize fully their vision, given the complex visual nature of the story\"\". Later that month, Jesse Eisenberg and Jeremy Irons joined the cast as Lex Luthor and Alfred Pennyworth, respectively. In May 2014, the film's title was revealed to be \"\"Batman v Superman: Dawn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034840", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nwas approached for the role. Lucy Lawless, the star of \"\"\"\", was also under consideration, though she stated that she would have been more interested if Wonder Woman was portrayed as a \"\"flawed hero\"\". The screenplay went through various drafts written by Alcott, Cohen, Becky Johnston, and Philip Levens, and by August 2003, Levens had been replaced by screenwriter Laeta Kalogridis. In March 2005, Warner Bros. and Silver Pictures announced that Joss Whedon would write and direct the film. Early drafts of his screenplay included Steve Trevor as the narrator, a fierce battle between Diana and her mother over Trevor's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2507064", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nFriends\"\" as well as the 1970s live-action show \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". The character has been featured in direct-to-DVD animated films and CGI theatrical releases, such as \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" (2014). Within the live-action DC Extended Universe films, Wonder Woman debuted in \"\"\"\" (2016) and was featured as the main character in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017). In November 2017, she appeared in the DCEU release \"\"Justice League.\"\" The 2017 film, \"\"Professor Marston & the Wonder Women\"\", tells the story of the polyamorous relationship between William Moulton Marston, his wife and fellow psychologist Elizabeth Holloway Marston, and their lover Olive Byrne; the invention of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656214", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nJenkins stated that the film will be another great love story with a new love interest being cast. In April 2018, the film was confirmed to be set in 1980s. The next month, French production designer Aline Bonetto (\"\"Amélie\"\", \"\"Wonder Woman\"\") was announced to be returning for the sequel, as well as Academy Award winner Lindy Hemming, also returning as costume designer. In September 2017, Gal Gadot was confirmed to return as the title character. On February 28, 2018, it was reported that Kristen Wiig was in talks with the studio to play Cheetah, the main villain of the film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17560082", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (1974 film)\"\nwas also depicted as blonde (differing from the black hair established in the comic books). This 1974 film follows Wonder Woman, assistant to government agent Steve Trevor (Kaz Garas) as she pursues a villain named Abner Smith (Ricardo Montalban) who has stolen a set of code books containing classified information about U.S. government field agents. Along the way, she has to outwit Smith's chief assistants: the handsome yet dangerous George (Andrew Prine) and a rogue Amazon, Ahnjayla (Anitra Ford), who Smith has taken on as a bodyguard; a brief duel between Wonder Woman and Ahnjayla is the film's only significant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399930", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nFuchs, and co-stars Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. Jenkins' role as director makes her the first female director of a studio superhero movie. Set in 1918, the film tells the story of Princess Diana, who grows up on the Amazon island of Themyscira. After American pilot Steve Trevor (Pine) crashes offshore of the island and is rescued by Diana, he tells her about the ongoing World War. She then leaves her home in order to end the conflict, becoming Wonder Woman in the process. Development for the film began in 1996, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1257105", "chunk_text": "\"David Thewlis\"\n2015, Thewlis starred as Inspector Goole in Helen Edmundson's BBC TV adaptation of J. B. Priestley's \"\"An Inspector Calls\"\". In October 2015, he played King Duncan in the film \"\"Macbeth\"\". Thewlis portrayed Ares in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017), the DC Comics film featuring the character of the same name. He briefly reprised his role as Ares in \"\"Justice League\"\" (2017). Thewlis directed \"\"Hello, Hello, Hello\"\" in 1995, for which he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Short Film. He also wrote, directed and starred in the feature \"\"Cheeky\"\" (2003). Thewlis is also an author; his debut novel, \"\"The Late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2550507", "chunk_text": "\"Tobin Bell\"\nlost father. He starred as the voices of the villain Doctor Alchemy and the malicious speed god and main antagonist Savitar on the third season of \"\" The Flash\"\", in an uncredited role. Bell has two sons. In January 2018, Bell’s wife, Elizabeth, filed for divorce after 25 years of marriage. When not acting, he coaches a Little League Baseball team and flag football. His other hobbies include hiking and playing guitar. Tobin Bell Tobin Bell (born Joseph Henry Tobin Jr.; August 7, 1942) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of John Kramer / Jigsaw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1056591", "chunk_text": "\"Robin Wright\"\nseason, Wright was nominated for her fifth consecutive Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress – Drama. For the years 2014, 2016, and 2017, Wright received Best Actress in a Drama Series nominations for the Critics' Choice Television Awards, with her being the only nomination for the show in December 2017. In October 2017, Wright was set as the show's new lead, following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey, which resulted in him being fired from the sixth and final season. In 2017, Wright played General Antiope in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017), alongside Gal Gadot and Chris Pine. She appears in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13915849", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\n73% \"\"definite recommend\"\". Critics commented favorably on Gadot's performance of the titular character and Chris Pine's Steve Trevor. Andrew Barker of \"\"Variety\"\" found the film to be more lighthearted than recent DC Comics films: \"\"Vox\"\" stated \"\"Trevor is the superhero girlfriend comic book movies need\"\". The \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\"s Mick LaSalle lauded the performances of Gadot, Pine, Huston, and Thewlis while commending the film's \"\"different perspective\"\" and humor. Richard Roeper of \"\"Chicago Sun-Times\"\" described Gadot's performance as inspirational, heroic, heartfelt and endearing and the most \"\"real\"\" Wonder Woman portrayal. A. O. Scott of \"\"The New York Times\"\" wrote that it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263106", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Carey\"\nEmily Carey Emily Carey (born 30 April 2003) is a British actress. She is perhaps best known for her role of Grace Beauchamp in BBC One's \"\"Casualty\"\", which she played from 2014 to 2017. Carey also played the young Diana Prince (Wonder Woman), portrayed by Gal Gadot as an adult, in the Warner Brothers movie \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017). She appeared as a young Lara Croft in the \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" reboot film, released in March 2018. Other notable work includes Mary Conan Doyle in the series \"\"Houdini and Doyle\"\" on FOX/ITV, and West End Theatre roles in \"\"Shrek The Musical\"\" at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19640636", "chunk_text": "\"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\"\nProfessor Marston and the Wonder Women Professor Marston and the Wonder Women is a 2017 American biographical drama film about American psychologist William Moulton Marston, who created the fictional character Wonder Woman. The film, directed and written by Angela Robinson, stars Luke Evans as Marston, Rebecca Hall as his legal wife Elizabeth and Bella Heathcote as the Marstons' polyamorous life partner, Olive Byrne. JJ Feild, Oliver Platt and Connie Britton also star. The film premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States on October 13, 2017. It received positive reviews from critics, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7153153", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nand Johns. The film takes place in the 1980s during the Cold War. Jenkins said the film, like its predecessor, will be a love story, but with a new love interest. Pre-production had begun by early December 2017, with filming scheduled to start in June 2018, under the working title \"\"Magic Hour\"\". By March 2018, Kristen Wiig was cast to portray the film's primary antagonist, Barbara Ann Minerva / Cheetah. That same month, Pedro Pascal was also cast in a key role. Production began on June 13, 2018 around the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia. Other filming locations include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3771295", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe Animated Original Movies\"\nthe film on Machinima with Timm as an executive producer in 2015. In April 2015, story and character details were released for the film along with images as a featurette on the \"\"Batman vs. Robin\"\" Blu-ray release. The film's voice cast includes Michael C. Hall as Batman, Benjamin Bratt as Superman, Tamara Taylor as Wonder Woman, Jason Isaacs as Lex Luthor, Paget Brewster as Lois Lane, and C. Thomas Howell as Dr. Will Magnus. The film was released on July 28, 2015. On July 11, 2015, as part of the San Diego Comic-Con, DC Comics announced \"\"Batman: Bad Blood\"\" for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12466827", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Marc Davis\"\n2007 was cast in \"\"Doctor Who\"\", \"\"The Sarah Jane Adventures\"\" and \"\"Torchwood\"\". Other roles include playing alongside Colin Farrell in Woody Allen's \"\"Cassandra's Dream\"\". Paul Marc Davis Paul Marc Davis (born April 16, 1974) is a British actor who has appeared on \"\"Doctor Who\"\" (the episode \"\"Utopia\"\") and three of its spin-off series: \"\"Torchwood\"\" (\"\"Exit Wounds\"\"), \"\"The Sarah Jane Adventures\"\" (as recurring villain \"\"The Trickster\"\"), and \"\"Class\"\" (as recurring villain Corakinus). This makes him the only actor to appear in all four of the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" series. He was also an executive producer on \"\"Sports Day 3D\"\". Davis was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12036749", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Psycho\"\ncrimes in a court of law. Doctor Psycho fixated his pathological hatred of women into fantasies of revenge against Wonder Woman. Freed from Psycho's influence, Marva joined the WAACs and helped Wonder Woman expose Nazi saboteur Stoffer, who had disguised himself as General Scott. Psycho was eventually imprisoned but escaped by faking his own death, kidnapping Marva and then his former secretary, Joan White, to use as mediums for his ectoplasmic power. He attempted to court Etta Candy in a disguise, but his cover was blown by Etta's suitor Oscar Sweetgulper and he was returned to prison. In the Golden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14341290", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nWonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II. The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399929", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nwas previously offered a different role (as a villain) in \"\"Man of Steel\"\", which she declined because she was pregnant at the time; this allowed her to later be cast as Wonder Woman in the film's follow-up. Gadot signed a three-picture deal. She was only paid a base salary of $300,000 for the movie itself. Gadot reprised the role in 2017's \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe and Wonder Woman's first theatrical solo film. The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4946552", "chunk_text": "\"David Nykl\"\nDavid Nykl David Nykl (born 7 February 1967) is a Czech Canadian actor of film, television, commercials and theater. He is best known for portraying Dr. Radek Zelenka in the SyFy television series \"\"Stargate Atlantis\"\" and Anatoly Knyazev in DC's comics' popular series Arrow. Nykl was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, to a nurse mother and a structural engineer father. After the Soviet invasion in 1968, he and his family left then-Communist Czechoslovakia for Canada. Upon arriving at Victoria, British Columbia, Nykl attended the University of British Columbia, where he majored in liberal arts. Nykl has appeared heavily in Vancouver and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "895487", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Moon\"\nDoctor Moon Doctor Moon is a fictional villain in DC Comics. Doctor Moon first appeared in \"\"Batman\"\" #240 (March 1972) and was created by Dennis O'Neil and Irv Novick. Doctor Moon started out as an unnamed brain surgeon who turns to a life of crime. He sells his services to finance his experiments and has taken work for the Joker and the Suicide Squad, among others, in the past. Pre-Crisis, he was retained by Doctor Cyber, after her face was hideously burned, to transfer her brain to a new body, ideally that of Diana Prince/Wonder Woman. When Amanda Waller hired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657785", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nreprising her role by voicing the character; along with an animated adaptation of the comic series \"\"Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". Wonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4033451", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Minerva\"\nDoctor Minerva Doctor Minerva is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Doctor Minerva is a Kree geneticist. She was an enemy of the rogue Kree agent Captain Mar-Vell, and later became the partner of Captain Atlas. The character will be played by Gemma Chan in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" set for a 2019 release. Doctor Minerva first appeared in \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" #50 (May 1977), created by writer Scott Edelman and artist Al Milgrom. Minn-Erva was born in Edelix, on the planet Kree-Lar. She became a geneticist and an agent of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11276083", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Heinberg\"\nAllan Heinberg Allan Heinberg (born June 29, 1967) is an American film screenwriter, television writer and producer and comic book writer. Heinberg is the screenwriter of the film \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", directed by Patty Jenkins. His television writing and producing credits include \"\"The Naked Truth, Party Of Five, Sex And The City, Gilmore Girls, The O.C., Grey's Anatomy, Looking,\"\" and \"\"Scandal.\"\" Most recently, Heinberg developed, wrote, and ran ABC’s \"\"The Catch,\"\" starring Mireille Enos and Peter Krause. For Marvel Comics, Heinberg created and wrote \"\"Young Avengers\"\" and its sequel, \"\"Avengers: The Children’s Crusade\"\" with co-creator/artist Jim Cheung. For DC Comics, Heinberg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2507009", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nthus, Wonder Woman's secret identity was created, and she began working as a nurse in the army. Wonder Woman then took part in a variety of adventures, mostly side by side with Trevor. Her most common foes during this period would be Nazi forces led by a German baroness named Paula von Gunther, occasionally evil deities/demigods such as Mars and the Duke of Deception, and then colorful villains like Hypnota, Doctor Psycho, and the Cheetah. In the Silver Age, Wonder Woman's history received several changes. Her earlier origin, which had significant ties to World War II, was changed and her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9367680", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor Sivana\"\nAll Time. Beck has said Parker created Sivana's name by combining the name of the Indian god Siva with the word \"\"nirvana\"\". The character will make his cinematic debut in the upcoming film \"\"Shazam!\"\", portrayed by Mark Strong. Infamously evil, Doctor Sivana appeared in well over half of all of the Golden Age Captain Marvel comic stories, and the first four stories, after having deduced Captain Marvel's dual identity as boy radio broadcaster Billy Batson early on. Depicted as a brilliant, if evil, scientist, Sivana used all manner of unusual inventions and techniques against the Marvels. He was at first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11004491", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nAmazon warrior who also is the demigoddess daughter of the god Zeus, uses her talents and abilities in order to help humanity during World War I. Israeli actress and model Gal Gadot was cast as Diana Prince/Wonder Woman in December 2013 and signed a three-picture deal which included a solo film. In October 2014, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" was announced by Warner Bros. In November, Michelle MacLaren was confirmed to direct the film from a screenplay by Jason Fuchs. In April 2015, MacLaren left the project due to creative differences. Later that month, Patty Jenkins was announced as the new director of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677609", "chunk_text": "\"John Glover (actor)\"\nJohn Glover (actor) John Soursby Glover Jr. (; born August 7, 1944) is an American actor, known for a range of villainous roles in films and television, including Lionel Luthor on the Superman-inspired television series \"\"Smallville\"\". In 1993, he co-starred in the dark comedy \"\"Ed and His Dead Mother\"\" with Steve Buscemi and Ned Beatty. Glover was born in Kingston, New York but raised in Salisbury, Maryland, the son of Cade (née Mullins) and John Soursby Glover, a television salesman. Glover attended Wicomico High School and acted at Towson University. Glover began his career at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_103	who starred in the movie summer of 42?	n/a	[ "Oliver Conant", "Christopher Norris", "Gary Grimes", "Katherine Allentuck", "Jennifer O'Neill", "Jerry Houser", "Robert Mulligan", "Maureen Stapleton" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19557157", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nSummer of '42 Summer of '42 is a 1971 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film based on the memoirs of screenwriter Herman Raucher (b. 1928). It tells the story of how Raucher, in his early teens on his 1942 summer vacation on Nantucket Island (off the coast of Cape Cod), embarks on a one-sided romance with a young woman, Dorothy, whose husband has gone off to fight in World War II. The film was directed by Robert Mulligan, and starred Gary Grimes as Hermie, Jerry Houser as his best friend Oscy, Oliver Conant as their nerdy young friend Benjie, Jennifer O'Neill as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16340619", "chunk_text": "\"42 (film)\"\n42 (film) 42 is a 2013 American biographical sports film written and directed by Brian Helgeland about the racial integration of American professional baseball by player Jackie Robinson, who wore jersey number 42 through his Major League career. The film stars Chadwick Boseman as Robinson, and Harrison Ford as Branch Rickey, with Alan Tudyk, Nicole Beharie, Christopher Meloni, André Holland, Lucas Black, Hamish Linklater, and Ryan Merriman appearing in supporting roles. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed over $97 million on a $40 million budget. \"\"42\"\" was released in North America on April 12, 2013. In 1945, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106107", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nfacing army service in the last year of World War II. The only crew member from \"\"Summer of '42\"\" to return to the project was Raucher himself, who wrote the script; a new director and composer were brought in to replace Mulligan and Legrand. Of the principal four cast members of \"\"Summer of '42\"\", only Jerry Houser and Gary Grimes returned for prominent roles, with Oliver Conant making two brief appearances totaling less than two minutes of screen time. Jennifer O'Neill did not appear in the film at all, nor was the character of Dorothy mentioned. The film is noted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7527842", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer O'Neill\"\nJennifer O'Neill Jennifer O'Neill (born February 20, 1948) is a Brazilian American actress, model, author and speaker, known for her role in the 1971 film \"\"Summer of '42\"\" and modelling for CoverGirl cosmetics starting in the 1970s. O'Neill was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Her mother was English and her father was a Brazilian of Portuguese, Spanish and Irish ancestry. She and her older brother Michael were raised in New Rochelle, New York, and Wilton, Connecticut. When she was 14, the family moved to New York City. On Easter Sunday, 1962, O'Neill attempted suicide because the move would separate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20777188", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nthe mysterious woman with whom Hermie becomes involved, and Katherine Allentuck and Christopher Norris as a pair of girls whom Hermie and Oscy attempt to seduce. Mulligan also has an uncredited role as the voice of the adult Hermie. Maureen Stapleton (Allentuck's mother) also appears in a small, uncredited voice role (calling after Hermie as he leaves the house in an early scene, and after he enters his room in a later scene). Raucher's novelization of his screenplay of the same name was released prior to the film's release and became a runaway bestseller, to the point that audiences lost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13687868", "chunk_text": "\"42 (film)\"\nSeries, which they would lose to the New York Yankees. Former minor league player Jasha Balcom served as a stuntman for Boseman in some of the film's scenes. Spike Lee planned to write and direct a film based on the life of Jackie Robinson and had it set up at Turner Pictures under his 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks in 1995. The studio wanted to release it in 1997 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Robinson's breaking of the color barrier, and courted Denzel Washington to star, but the project fell apart in 1996 over creative differences. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6590930", "chunk_text": "\"Herman Raucher\"\nHerman Raucher Herman Raucher (born April 13, 1928) is an American author and screenwriter. He is best known for writing the autobiographical screenplay and novel \"\"Summer of '42\"\", which became one of the highest-grossing films and one of the best selling novels of the 1970s, respectively. He began his writing career during the Golden Age of Television, when he moonlighted as a scriptwriter while working for a Madison Avenue advertising agency. He effectively retired from writing in the 1980s after a number of projects failed to come to fruition, though his books remain in print and a remake of one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12558568", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Dolan\"\naccreditation includes B.A. at Empire State College, MS at City College of New York and MFA at the University of Texas. Dolan has been on the staff at St. Stephen's Episcopal School since 2007. Michael Dolan Michael Dolan (born June 21, 1965, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American theatre and film actor, director and educator. Michael Dolan's interest in cinema started at the age of 10, when he filmed a remake of \"\"Summer of '42\"\" (1971), entitled \"\"Summer of '76\"\". He dropped out of high school when he was 17 and moved to New York to become an actor. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20953378", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Grimes\"\nGary Grimes Gary Grimes (born June 2, 1955) is a former American actor. Gary Grimes' first major role was in the 1971 film \"\"Summer of '42,\"\" playing a teenager who has an affair with a beautiful older woman, played by Jennifer O'Neill. For that role, Grimes was nominated in 1972 for a Golden Globe Award as Most Promising Newcomer, as well as the Male and a BAFTA Award as Best Newcomer. Grimes also starred in the sequel \"\"Class of '44\"\" (1973), which followed his character to college. Grimes' other film credits include \"\"Cahill U.S. Marshal\"\" (1973) alongside John Wayne, \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3104657", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nas a television writer, but \"\"couldn't give it away.\"\" In the 1960s, he met Robert Mulligan, best known for directing \"\"To Kill a Mockingbird\"\". Raucher showed Mulligan the script, and Mulligan took it to Warner Bros., where Mulligan argued the film could be shot for the relatively low price of $1 million, and Warner approved it. They had so little faith in the film becoming a box-office success, though, they shied from paying Raucher outright for the script, instead promising him ten percent of the gross. When casting for the role of Dorothy, Warner Bros. declined to audition any actresses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20083773", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Mulligan\"\nfor vehicular manslaughter. He then contemplates breaking out of prison and fleeing the country with his girlfriend (played by Barbara Hershey), since neither feels their lives have made any significant difference in America. Also in 1971, Mulligan released \"\"Summer of '42\"\" (1971), which was based on the coming-of-age novel by Herman Raucher and starred Gary Grimes as a teenage stand-in for Raucher who spends a summer vacation in 1942 on Nantucket Island lusting after a young woman (Jennifer O'Neill) whose husband has shipped off to fight in the war. A box office smash, \"\"Summer of '42\"\" went on to gross", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106112", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nepisode of the 1970s sitcom \"\"Happy Days\"\" was loosely based upon \"\"Summer of '42\"\", with Richie Cunningham befriending a Korean War widow. In Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film \"\"The Shining\"\", Wendy (Shelley Duvall) is shown watching \"\"Summer of '42\"\" on a television. The film's title formed the basis of a Season 7 episode of \"\"The Simpsons\"\", \"\"Summer of 4 Ft. 2\"\". In the years since the film's release, Warner Bros. has attempted to buy back Raucher's ten percent of the film as well as his rights to the story so it could be remade; Raucher has consistently declined. The 1988 film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20953380", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Grimes\"\ntold \"\"American Profile\"\" magazine in 2011. \"\"I'm very happy in my decision.\"\" Gary Grimes Gary Grimes (born June 2, 1955) is a former American actor. Gary Grimes' first major role was in the 1971 film \"\"Summer of '42,\"\" playing a teenager who has an affair with a beautiful older woman, played by Jennifer O'Neill. For that role, Grimes was nominated in 1972 for a Golden Globe Award as Most Promising Newcomer, as well as the Male and a BAFTA Award as Best Newcomer. Grimes also starred in the sequel \"\"Class of '44\"\" (1973), which followed his character to college. Grimes'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1519560", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nyounger than the age of 30; Jennifer O'Neill's agent, who had developed a fondness for the script, convinced the studio to audition his client, who was only 22 at the time. O'Neill auditioned for the role, albeit hesitantly, not wanting to perform any nude scenes. O'Neill got the role and Mulligan agreed to find a way to make the film work without blatant nudity. Nantucket Island was too far modernized in 1970 to be convincingly transformed to resemble an early 1940s resort, so production was taken to Mendocino, California, on the West Coast of the US. Shooting took place over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11427468", "chunk_text": "\"Oliver Conant\"\nOliver Conant Oliver Conant (born November 15, 1955) is an American actor. Born in New York City, New York, Conant appeared as \"\"Benji\"\" in the 1971 coming-of-age drama \"\"Summer of '42\"\" and \"\"Class of '44\"\", appearing in both with Gary Grimes and Jerry Houser as a trio of adolescent boys. He was also in Jean Kerr's 1973 Broadway farce \"\"Finishing Touches\"\", with Barbara Bel Geddes, Robert Lansing, James Woods, and others. After a three decades or so hiatus from acting, Conant re-emerged on off and off-off Broadway stages in productions ranging from Gene Ruffini's dystopian \"\"Homeland\"\", Anne Fizzard's back-stage comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1522109", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nnominated for over a dozen awards, including Golden Globe Awards for \"\"Best Motion Picture – Drama\"\" and \"\"Best Director\"\", and five Academy Award nominations for Best Original Music Score, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Writing-Story and Best Screenplay. Ultimately, the film won two awards: the 1972 44th Academy Awards Oscar for Original Dramatic Score, and the 1971 BAFTA Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music, both to Michel Legrand. In 1973, the film was followed by \"\"Class of '44\"\", a slice-of-life film made up of vignettes about Herman Raucher and Oscar Seltzer's experiences in college. \"\"Class of '44\"\" involves the boys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20085688", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nhis life, that of falling in love for the first time. The woman (named Dorothy, like her screen counterpart) was a fellow vacationer on the island whom the 14-year old Raucher had befriended one day when he helped her carry groceries home; he became a friend of her and her husband and helped her with chores after her husband was called to fight in World War II. On the night memorialized in the film, Raucher randomly came to visit her, unaware his arrival was just minutes after she received notification of her husband's death. She was confused and upset, had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20085691", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nhearing from her again and expressed his hope that she was still alive. Raucher's novelization of the screenplay, with the dedication, \"\"To those I love, past and present,\"\" serves more as the tribute to Seltzer that he had intended the film to be, with the focus of the book being more on the two boys' relationship than Raucher's relationship with Dorothy. Consequently, the book also mentions Seltzer's death, which is absent from the film adaptation. The film became a blockbuster upon its release, grossing over $32 million, making it the sixth highest-grossing film of 1971 and one of the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106111", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\na charting hit with his 1971 version), Biddu, Tony Bennett, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Andy Williams, Jonny Fair, Scott Walker, Jackie Evancho, Oscar Peterson, Bill Evans, Toots Thielemans, George Benson and Barbra Streisand. The 1973 song \"\"Summer (The First Time)\"\" by Bobby Goldsboro has almost exactly the same subject and apparent setting, although there is no direct credited link. Bryan Adams has, however, credited the film as being a partial inspiration for his 1985 hit \"\"Summer of '69\"\". Garth Brooks' 1993 hit \"\"That Summer\"\" features a similar story of a coming-of-age male in a romance with an older female. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16345067", "chunk_text": "\"42 (film)\"\nMarch 1997 Lee found favor with Columbia Pictures, who signed him to a three-year first-look deal. Columbia President Amy Pascal reflected that it would bring \"\"enormous potential for Spike to reach audiences that are not traditionally associated with Spike Lee movies.\"\" The project eventually fell apart, but in 2004 Robert Redford set up a Jackie Robinson biopic as producer with Deep River Productions, as well as his own production company, Wildwood Productions. Redford also intended to co-star as Branch Rickey, and Howard Baldwin joined as producer the following year. In June 2011 it was announced that Legendary Pictures would develop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20044159", "chunk_text": "\"Movie 43\"\nLong, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Chloë Grace Moretz, Chris Pratt, Liev Schreiber, Seann William Scott, Emma Stone, Jason Sudeikis, Uma Thurman, Naomi Watts and Kate Winslet. Julianne Moore, Tony Shalhoub and Anton Yelchin, Charlie Saxton are also featured in cut scenes released on DVD and Blu-ray. The film took almost a decade to get into production as most studios rejected the script, which was eventually picked up by Relativity Media for $6 million. The film was shot over a period of several years, as casting also proved to be a challenge for the producers. Some actors, including George Clooney, declined to take", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2117670", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Houser\"\nJerry Houser Jerry Houser (born July 14, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor in film and television. He is best known for his role as Oscar \"\"Oscy\"\" Seltzer in Summer of '42 and its sequel, Class of '44, and the role of Wally Logan in various Brady Bunch spinoffs throughout the 1980s and 90s. Houser was born in Los Angeles, California. Since 1971, he has appeared in dozens of films, TV series, animated series, and commercials. Some of his most notable appearances are \"\"Summer of '42\"\", \"\"Slap Shot\"\" with Paul Newman, and in the \"\"Brady Bunch\"\" spin-off movies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106116", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nencountered Dorothy again and married her. As of 2017, this project – which O'Neill had hoped to produce with Lifetime television – has not been realized, and it is unknown whether O'Neill is still attempting to get it produced, or if Raucher consented to its production. Summer of '42 Summer of '42 is a 1971 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film based on the memoirs of screenwriter Herman Raucher (b. 1928). It tells the story of how Raucher, in his early teens on his 1942 summer vacation on Nantucket Island (off the coast of Cape Cod), embarks on a one-sided romance with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20084644", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nher breast; Oscy later points out Hermie was fondling her arm. The next morning, Hermie helps the bride move boxes into her attic and she thanks him by giving him a kiss on the forehead. Later, in preparation for a marshmallow roast on the beach with Aggie and Miriam, Hermie goes to the local drugstore. In a painfully humorous sequence, he builds up the nerve to ask the druggist (Lou Frizzell) for condoms. That night, Hermie roasts marshmallows with Aggie while Oscy succeeds in having sex with Miriam between the dunes. He is so successful he sneaks over to Hermie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20044158", "chunk_text": "\"Movie 43\"\nMovie 43 Movie 43 is a 2013 American anthology comedy film co-directed and produced by Peter Farrelly, and written by Rocky Russo and Jeremy Sosenko among others. The film features fourteen different storylines, each one by a different director, including Elizabeth Banks, Steven Brill, Steve Carr, Rusty Cundieff, James Duffy, Griffin Dunne, Patrik Forsberg, James Gunn, Bob Odenkirk, Brett Ratner, Will Graham, and Jonathan van Tulleken. It stars an ensemble cast that is led by Elizabeth Banks, Kristen Bell, Halle Berry, Gerard Butler, Leslie Bibb, Kate Bosworth, Josh Duhamel, Anna Faris, Richard Gere, Terrence Howard, Hugh Jackman, Johnny Knoxville, Justin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106108", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nfor featuring a young, slim John Candy briefly appearing in his first film role. The film met with poor critical reviews; the only three reviews available at Rotten Tomatoes are resoundingly negative, with Channel 4 calling it \"\"a big disappointment,\"\" and \"\"The New York Times\"\" stating \"\"The only things worth attention in 'Class of '44 are the period details,\"\" and \"\"'Class of '44' seems less like a movie than 95 minutes of animated wallpaper.\"\" The film's soundtrack consists almost entirely of compositions by Michel Legrand, many of which are variants upon \"\"The Summer Knows\"\", the film's theme. Lyrics are by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16280329", "chunk_text": "\"Stealing Home\"\nmake. I hear a lot about that role. People really found that movie on video.\"\" Ever since the release of \"\"Summer of '42\"\", Warner Bros. has attempted to buy back the rights to the film, which they sold to author Herman Raucher in lieu of paying him for the script, under the belief that the film would not be financially successful. \"\"Stealing Home\"\" was greenlit shortly after Raucher denied their latest attempt to purchase the rights, leading to \"\"Summer\"\" star Jennifer O'Neill's assertion that \"\"Stealing Home\"\" was \"\"stolen\"\" from \"\"Summer\"\". Regardless, she said that she enjoyed the movie and called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2117671", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Houser\"\nas Marcia's husband, Wally Logan. Also in the TV sitcom, \"\"We'll Get By\"\". Also in TV sitcom \"\"Maude\"\", he played Maude's nephew in an episode in Season 4 in 1976. His voice is recorded on the Disney Movie Club voice message system. He was friends with the late contemporary Christian music artists Larry Norman and Keith Green. Jerry Houser Jerry Houser (born July 14, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor in film and television. He is best known for his role as Oscar \"\"Oscy\"\" Seltzer in Summer of '42 and its sequel, Class of '44, and the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106098", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\ntrailers premiered in theaters, the film was billed as being \"\"based on the national bestseller,\"\" despite the film having been completed first. Ultimately, the book became one of the best selling novels of the first half of the 1970s, requiring 23 reprints between 1971 and 1974 to keep up with customer demand. The film (and subsequent novel) were memoirs written by Herman Raucher; they detailed the events in his life over the course of the summer he spent on Nantucket Island in 1942 when he was fourteen years old. Originally, the film was meant to be a tribute to his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3104656", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nnever forget him, and he will find his way of remembering what happened that night. Her note closes with the hope that Hermie may be spared the senseless tragedies of life. In the final scene, Hermie, suddenly approaching manhood, is seen looking at Dorothy's old house and the ocean from a distance before he turns to join his friends. To bittersweet music, the adult Raucher sadly recounts that he has never seen Dorothy again or learned what became of her. Character names are not indicated in on-screen credits. Herman Raucher wrote the film script in the 1950s during his tenure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15552479", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Dolan\"\nMichael Dolan Michael Dolan (born June 21, 1965, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American theatre and film actor, director and educator. Michael Dolan's interest in cinema started at the age of 10, when he filmed a remake of \"\"Summer of '42\"\" (1971), entitled \"\"Summer of '76\"\". He dropped out of high school when he was 17 and moved to New York to become an actor. His professional career commenced in 1985, at age 20, with an off-broadway stage debut in the Albert Innaurato play \"\"Coming of Age in Soho\"\" and a pair of TV appearances. This was followed in 1987", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20085690", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nfilm's release in 1971, when she was one of over a dozen women who wrote letters to Raucher claiming to be \"\"his\"\" Dorothy. Raucher recognized the \"\"real\"\" Dorothy's handwriting, and she confirmed her identity by making references to certain events only she could have known about. She told Raucher that she had lived for years with the guilt that she had potentially traumatized him and ruined his life. She told Raucher that she was glad he turned out all right, and that they had best not re-visit the past. In a 2002 Scripps Treasure Coast Publishing interview, Raucher lamented never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20085687", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nfriend Oscar \"\"Oscy\"\" Seltzer, an Army medic killed in the Korean War. Seltzer was shot dead on a battlefield in Korea whilst attending to a wounded man; this happened on Raucher's birthday, and consequently, Raucher has not celebrated a birthday since. During the course of writing the screenplay, Raucher came to the realization that despite growing up with Oscy and having bonded with him through their formative years, the two had never really had any meaningful conversations or gotten to know one another on a more personal level. Instead, Raucher decided to focus on the first major adult experience of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10461363", "chunk_text": "\"Oliver Conant\"\n\"\"Good Opinions\"\", and Tuvia Tenenbom's absurdist satire \"\"Kabbalah\"\". He serves as Producing Director for Queens Shakespeare Inc, a new classical repertory company based in Flushing, New York. Conant will be appearing in the NICU'S SPOON production of \"\"Elizabeth Rex\"\" in April 2008 in New York City. Oliver Conant Oliver Conant (born November 15, 1955) is an American actor. Born in New York City, New York, Conant appeared as \"\"Benji\"\" in the 1971 coming-of-age drama \"\"Summer of '42\"\" and \"\"Class of '44\"\", appearing in both with Gary Grimes and Jerry Houser as a trio of adolescent boys. He was also in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4475739", "chunk_text": "\"Class of '44\"\nClass of '44 Class of '44 is the 1973 sequel to \"\"Summer of '42\"\". The film is a slice-of-life style autobiography of sorts, depicting Herman Raucher's (Gary Grimes) first year in college, where he falls in love with Julie (Deborah Winters) under the shadow of the growing threat of World War II. Jerry Houser and Oliver Conant reprise their roles as the other two members of Raucher's circle of friends, \"\"The Terrible Trio,\"\" Oscar \"\"Oscy\"\" Seltzer and Benjie, although the latter only appears in the film for a matter of minutes. The film received moderate and poor reviews upon its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20084641", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nspent on the island in 1942. The film flashes back to a day that then 15-year-old \"\"Hermie\"\" and his friends – jock Oscy and introverted nerd Benjie – spent playing on the beach. They spot a young soldier carrying his new bride into a house on the beach, and are struck by her beauty, especially Hermie, who is unable to get her out of his mind. They continue spending afternoons on the beach where, in the midst of scantily-clad teenage girls, their thoughts invariably turn to sex. All of them are virgins: Oscy is obsessed with the act of sex,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7527844", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer O'Neill\"\nShe attended New York City's Professional Children's School and the Dalton School in Manhattan, but dropped out to wed her first husband, IBM executive Dean Rossiter, at age 17. O'Neill has dual citizenship, as she maintained her Brazilian citizenship, being then a Brazilian and American citizen. In 1968 O'Neill landed a small role in \"\"For Love of Ivy\"\". In 1970 she played her first lead role in \"\"Rio Lobo\"\". O'Neill may be best remembered for her role in the 1971 film \"\"Summer of '42\"\", where she played Dorothy Walker, the early-20s wife of an airman who has gone off to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18788808", "chunk_text": "\"Fred Ward\"\nmost of the stunts himself. Ward played in a few low-budget productions until he returned to major cinema in 1988 as a cop in \"\"Off Limits\"\", as Roone Dimmick in \"\"Big Business\"\", and the father of Keanu Reeves' character in \"\"The Prince of Pennsylvania\"\". In 1990 he starred as Earl Bassett in the monster movie \"\"Tremors,\"\" as the American erotic writer Henry Miller in \"\"Henry & June\"\" (with Uma Thurman), and as cop Hoke Moseley, whose gun, badge and dentures are stolen, in Ward's own-produced motion picture \"\"Miami Blues\"\" (with Alec Baldwin and Jennifer Jason Leigh). After playing private detective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13687874", "chunk_text": "\"42 (film)\"\nin there. ... I love the movie. I'm pleased with it. It's authentic and it's also very powerful.\"\" The film earned $27.3 million for its opening weekend, the best premiere for a baseball-themed film in Hollywood history. Only released in the US and Canada, the film went on to gross a total of $95,020,213. \"\"42\"\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 16, 2013 in the United States and on February 3, 2014 in the U.K. Robinson and Rachel Isum became engaged in 1943, while he was still in the United States Army and before he began his professional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10721644", "chunk_text": "\"Wet Hot American Summer\"\nWet Hot American Summer Wet Hot American Summer is a 2001 American satirical comedy film directed by David Wain from a screenplay written by Wain and Michael Showalter. The film features an ensemble cast, including Janeane Garofalo, David Hyde Pierce, Molly Shannon, Paul Rudd, Christopher Meloni, Michael Showalter (and various other members of MTV's sketch comedy group \"\"The State\"\"), Elizabeth Banks, Ken Marino, Michael Ian Black, Bradley Cooper, Amy Poehler, Zak Orth, and A. D. Miles. The film takes place during the last full day at a fictional summer camp in 1981, and spoofs the sex comedies aimed at teen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723788", "chunk_text": "\"Alan C. Pope High School\"\nand the 2009 state AAAAA baseball champions. In 2009 Pope's volleyball team won the state AAAAA championship, and in 2010 the volleyball team won the AAAA Championship. Pope was re-classed into 4A in 2010 due to enrollment numbers. Former baseball standout Brandon Boggs currently plays for the Atlanta Braves; he was drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 4th round of the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft. Another baseball standout, and former football player, Clint O'Brien earned a college baseball scholarship and was a featured actor in the film \"\"42,\"\" the story about baseball legend Jackie Robinson, starring Harrison Ford.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20044195", "chunk_text": "\"Movie 43\"\nDVD and Blu-ray on June 18, 2013, in the UK, and US. Movie 43 Movie 43 is a 2013 American anthology comedy film co-directed and produced by Peter Farrelly, and written by Rocky Russo and Jeremy Sosenko among others. The film features fourteen different storylines, each one by a different director, including Elizabeth Banks, Steven Brill, Steve Carr, Rusty Cundieff, James Duffy, Griffin Dunne, Patrik Forsberg, James Gunn, Bob Odenkirk, Brett Ratner, Will Graham, and Jonathan van Tulleken. It stars an ensemble cast that is led by Elizabeth Banks, Kristen Bell, Halle Berry, Gerard Butler, Leslie Bibb, Kate Bosworth, Josh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4475747", "chunk_text": "\"Class of '44\"\nin Toronto while Brooklyn's PCCs were predominantly tan. Class of '44 Class of '44 is the 1973 sequel to \"\"Summer of '42\"\". The film is a slice-of-life style autobiography of sorts, depicting Herman Raucher's (Gary Grimes) first year in college, where he falls in love with Julie (Deborah Winters) under the shadow of the growing threat of World War II. Jerry Houser and Oliver Conant reprise their roles as the other two members of Raucher's circle of friends, \"\"The Terrible Trio,\"\" Oscar \"\"Oscy\"\" Seltzer and Benjie, although the latter only appears in the film for a matter of minutes. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20777189", "chunk_text": "\"Summer of '42\"\nsight of the fact that the book was based on the film and not vice versa. Though a pop culture phenomenon in the first half of the 1970s, the novelization went out of print and slipped into obscurity throughout the next two decades until a Broadway adaptation in 2001 brought it back into the public light and prompted Barnes & Noble to acquire the publishing rights to the book. The film opens with a series of still photographs appearing over melancholic music, representing the abstract memories of the unseen Herman Raucher, now a middle-aged man. Raucher recalls the summer he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10870412", "chunk_text": "\"Last Summer\"\nLast Summer Last Summer is a 1969 coming-of-age movie about adolescent sexuality based on the novel \"\"Last Summer\"\" by Evan Hunter. Director Frank Perry filmed at Fire Island locations. The stars of the film are Catherine Burns, Barbara Hershey, Bruce Davison and Richard Thomas. The memorable performance by Burns brought her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and she won a Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award. While spending the summer on Fire Island, Peter and Dan, two adolescent boys from upper-middle-class families, meet Sandy, a young girl who has found a wounded seagull on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5612979", "chunk_text": "\"Glass Houses (film)\"\nsaying that it was \"\"a wryly observed poke at a libidinous group of middle-class nonentities,\"\" (Hirschhorn, 1989: 296). Glass Houses (film) Glass Houses (1972) is an American independent film released by Columbia Pictures in 1972, although it was actually filmed in 1970. It is of interest in film history because of the credentials of its key personnel. \"\"Glass Houses\"\" was directed by Alexander Singer, notable for his work on the \"\"Star Trek\"\" series, . It was one of the earliest screen appearances of actress Jennifer O'Neill, best known for her role in \"\"Summer of '42\"\" (1972). \"\"Glass Houses\"\" cinematography was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11653400", "chunk_text": "\"Sofia Boutella\"\nfilm \"\"Fahrenheit 451\"\", which stars Michael B. Jordan and Michael Shannon. In July 2018, she portrayed French contract killer 'Nice' in the near-future action crime thriller \"\"Hotel Artemis\"\" alongside Jodie Foster, Jeff Goldblum and Dave Bautista. She is barely seen darting across the screen in a one second mid-credits ending scene hinting at a possible return in a sequel. Boutella has cited some of her influences which include Fred Astaire, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Bob Fosse. Sofia Boutella Sofia Boutella (; born April 3, 1982) is a French-Algerian dancer, model and actress. Boutella has starred as Gazelle in \"\"\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20083774", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Mulligan\"\nover $20 million, and Mulligan was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director. \"\"Summer of '42\"\" was followed by \"\"The Other\"\" (1972), a thriller film scripted by former Hollywood actor Thomas Tryon from his own book. It told the story of two 9-year old boys, Niles and Holland Perry (played by real-life twins Chris and Marty Udvarnoky), who get involved in a series of grisly murders at their home on Peaquot Landing in the 1930s. Although the film was not an immediate success at the box office, it has since gone on to gain a steady cult following.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14972910", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Rudd\"\nstore they saved from being closed after the previous owner, a friend of theirs, died suddenly. Paul Rudd Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, writer and film producer who studied theatre at the University of Kansas and the American Drama Academy, before making his acting debut in 1992 with NBC's drama series \"\"Sisters\"\". He is known for his starring roles in the films \"\"Clueless\"\" (1995), \"\"Romeo + Juliet\"\" (1996), \"\"Wet Hot American Summer\"\" (2001), \"\"\"\" (2004), \"\"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\"\" (2005), \"\"Knocked Up\"\" (2007), \"\"Role Models\"\" (2008), \"\"I Love You, Man\"\" (2009), \"\"This Is 40\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7164325", "chunk_text": "\"Xu Qing\"\ndrama \"\"Blossoming of Beautiful Flowers\"\", produced by Gao Xixi. In 2012, she played the wife of Bruce Willis's character in the 2012 American film \"\"Looper\"\". In 2013, Xu won the Huading Awards for Best Drama Actress for her performance in the stage play \"\"A Dream Like A Dream\"\". In 2016, Xu starred in the hit crime drama \"\"Mr. Six\"\", which won her the Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actress award. In 2017, Xu starred in the American-South African action thriller film \"\"24 Hours to Live\"\". Xu Qing Xu Qing (, born 22 January 1969), known also as Summer Qing, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_104	what album is sacrifice by elton john on?	n/a	[ "Sleeping with the Past.", "Sleeping with the Past" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914500", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (song)\"\nSacrifice (song) \"\"Sacrifice\"\" is a ballad performed by musician Elton John. The lyrics are by Bernie Taupin and the music by John. The song appears on the 1989 album \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\". It was first released in October 1989, then in 1990, and was the second single from the album. It achieved success, particularly in France and the UK, where it became his first solo chart-topper, spending five weeks at the top. A country music cover of the song was performed by Don Henley and Vince Gill as part of the 2018 tribute album \"\"\"\". \"\"Sacrifice\"\" is inspired both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914505", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (song)\"\nweeks. First release Second release Sacrifice (song) \"\"Sacrifice\"\" is a ballad performed by musician Elton John. The lyrics are by Bernie Taupin and the music by John. The song appears on the 1989 album \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\". It was first released in October 1989, then in 1990, and was the second single from the album. It achieved success, particularly in France and the UK, where it became his first solo chart-topper, spending five weeks at the top. A country music cover of the song was performed by Don Henley and Vince Gill as part of the 2018 tribute album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3709356", "chunk_text": "\"Sleeping with the Past\"\nSleeping with the Past Sleeping with the Past is the 22nd studio album by the English singer-songwriter Elton John, released on 29 April 1989. It is his best-selling album in Denmark (where it was recorded) and is dedicated to his longtime writing partner Bernie Taupin. The album features his first solo number-one single, \"\"Sacrifice\"\", in his home country of the UK, which helped the album also hit number one there, his first since 1974's \"\"Elton John's Greatest Hits\"\". John and Taupin meant for the songs to reflect the style of 1960s R&B icons such as Marvin Gaye, Otis Redding and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766475", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nin the top 20 in the U.S. In 1990, he achieved his first solo U.K. number one hit single, with \"\"Sacrifice\"\" (coupled with \"\"Healing Hands\"\") from the previous year's album \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\"; it stayed at the top spot for six weeks. The following year, John's \"\"Basque\"\" won the Grammy for Best Instrumental, and a guest concert appearance at Wembley Arena he had made on George Michael's cover of \"\"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\"\" was released as a single and topped the charts in both the U.K. and the U.S. At the 1991 Brit Awards in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914504", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (song)\"\n55 in the UK and at number 18 in the US in March 1990. In mid-1990 English DJ Steve Wright began playing the song on BBC Radio 1, soon followed by many more radio DJs. The song was then re-released as a double A-side single, along with \"\"Healing Hands\"\", and reached number one in the UK in June 1990. Thus, it became John's first solo number-one single in the UK Singles Chart, remaining on the top spot for five weeks. With this re-release, Elton John also got his first number one in France and stayed on the chart for 26", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914501", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (song)\"\nby the Aretha Franklin song \"\"Do Right Woman, Do Right Man\"\" and described as a Percy Sledge song by Elton John. The song is beloved by both John and Bernie Taupin and deemed a bookend of sorts to their first hit \"\"Your Song\"\". Taupin has said he is surprised he wrote it, and said in an interview, \"\"I think 'Sacrifice' is one of the best songs we've written.\"\" The song is not a typical love song, but rather a song about a breakup of a marriage where the loss of the relationship is \"\"no sacrifice\"\". Although the single was successful,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914502", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (song)\"\nElton John did not tour Europe in both 1989–1990 to support the \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\" album (with the exception of one appearance in Knebworth Park on 30 June 1990) touring only in the US and Australia. The 1989 European tour was, instead, in support of the \"\"Reg Strikes Back\"\" album, with no material representing \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\". In all shows that were done to support \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\" in 1989–1990, Elton played this song solo on his Roland RD-1000 Digital Piano. The video, which follows the song's lyrics, portrays a man and woman having problems in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1384348", "chunk_text": "\"1990 in British music\"\nsolo number 1 in June, and only his second overall (his first being \"\"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\"\" with Kiki Dee in 1976) with the charity single \"\"Sacrifice\"\"/\"\"Healing Hands\"\", with all the proceeds going to AIDS charities. Both tracks had previously failed to reach the top 40 when they were originally released in 1989, but significant airplay on Radio 2 ensured the songs were re-issued and became massive hits. He also enjoyed success with two number 1 albums, \"\"Sleeping With the Past\"\" in July, and \"\"The Very Best of Elton John\"\" in November. The latter went on to sell 2.7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3709365", "chunk_text": "\"Sleeping with the Past\"\nfeatures a different vocal mix and is slightly extended from the original album version (the fade out lasts about ten seconds longer). \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\" received lukewarm reviews when the album was released in 1989. However, longtime fans of Elton John loved the album and deem it to be one of his best from the 1980s, often vying with 1983's \"\"Too Low for Zero\"\" as John's strongest album of the decade. After peaking at #6 in October 1989 on the UK Albums Chart, the re-release of \"\"Sacrifice\"\" as a double A-side with \"\"Healing Hands\"\" in June 1990, and that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3709364", "chunk_text": "\"Sleeping with the Past\"\nupper register would become few and far between. Wynonna Judd recorded a contemporary country music cover version of \"\"Stones Throw from Hurtin'\"\" which was featured in the 1992 film \"\"Leap of Faith\"\" starring Steve Martin. Sinéad O'Connor recorded a cover version of \"\"Sacrifice\"\" for the 1991 \"\"\"\" tribute album. This was John's first album since \"\"Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy\"\" with John and Taupin writing every song on the album without additional writing credits from others. All tracks written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. Side one Side two The version of \"\"Durban Deep\"\" on the 1998 remaster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3394385", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)\"\nSacrifice (Gary Numan album) Sacrifice is the twelfth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in October 1994 by Numa Records. Its release followed a self-acknowledged career low point, \"\"Machine + Soul\"\" (1992), and is often cited as marking the start of a critical and artistic rejuvenation for the one-time pop star. The album was released in the US in 1997 with a different cover by Joseph Michael Linsner, and a new title, Dawn, based on the comic book character of the same name, but the track listing was identical. On \"\"Sacrifice\"\", paraphernalia which Numan had previously, by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914503", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (song)\"\nrelationship after being married and raising a daughter. After they go their separate ways, the man raises his daughter alone. The video was directed by Alek Keshishian and it had Yasmeen Ghauri and Chris Isaak in it. The version used in the promo video is slightly sped up compared to the album version. The result is a higher pitched vocal and shorter length time. The video was filmed in Los Angeles in 1989, and was the second video made after Elton rejected a version from Ken Russell. Sacrifice was initially released as a single in 1989, but stalled at number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13838618", "chunk_text": "\"Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin\"\nTwo Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin is a 1991 tribute album consisting of interpretations of sixteen songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. The title refers to a song on John's album \"\"21 at 33\"\", \"\"Two Rooms at the End of the World\"\", and to the duo's unusual collaborative style; it is also the title of a 1991 film documenting their collaboration. The album gained an uneven reception, though some performances were singled out for praise, including Sinéad O'Connor's interpretation of \"\"Sacrifice\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7449617", "chunk_text": "\"The Big Picture (Elton John album)\"\nThe Big Picture (Elton John album) The Big Picture is the twenty-fifth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1997. It includes four worldwide singles: \"\"Live Like Horses\"\" (a duet with Luciano Pavarotti only for the single version), \"\"Something About the Way You Look Tonight\"\" (released as a double A-side with \"\"Candle in the Wind 1997\"\"), \"\"Recover Your Soul\"\" and \"\"If the River Can Bend\"\". The album has a strong orchestral emphasis with string arrangements written by Anne Dudley and John's then backup keyboardist Guy Babylon. In 2006, John revealed in an interview that Bernie Taupin, his longtime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3394392", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)\"\nversion had a somewhat different selection of bonus tracks as well as altered artwork. All tracks written by Gary Numan. Sacrifice (Gary Numan album) Sacrifice is the twelfth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in October 1994 by Numa Records. Its release followed a self-acknowledged career low point, \"\"Machine + Soul\"\" (1992), and is often cited as marking the start of a critical and artistic rejuvenation for the one-time pop star. The album was released in the US in 1997 with a different cover by Joseph Michael Linsner, and a new title, Dawn, based on the comic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766440", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nElton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"\"Billboard\"\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number two and nine which reached number one. His tribute single \"\"Candle in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2219827", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifices (Prefuse 73 album)\"\nSacrifices (Prefuse 73 album) Sacrifices is a 2018 studio album by Guillermo Scott Heren as under his alias of Prefuse 73. It was released on May 25, 2018. Daniel Sylvester of \"\"Exclaim!\"\" found the sound of the album to be similar to Herren's earlier music, noting a return to \"\"sparse hip-hop beats that defined his celebrated 2001 debut, \"\"Vocal Studies + Uprock Narratives\"\". \"\"Sacrifices\"\" was released on May 25, 2018 through Lex Records digitally, and will received a physical release on June 15. Sylvester awarded the album a 7 out of 10 in \"\"Exclaim!\"\", noting that \"\"much of Sacrifices, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766499", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nside project, Them Crooked Vultures, and had contacted Homme via phone call, asking if he could perform on the album. In September 2013, John received the first Brits Icon Award for his \"\"lasting impact\"\" on the culture of the United Kingdom. Rod Stewart presented him the award on stage at the London Palladium before the two performed a duet of \"\"Sad Songs (Say So Much)\"\". John's thirty-first album, \"\"The Diving Board\"\", produced by T-Bone Burnett, was released in September 2013 and reached number three in the U.K. and number four in the U.S. In October 2015, it was announced he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20468253", "chunk_text": "\"Healing Hands (Elton John song)\"\nHealing Hands (Elton John song) \"\"Healing Hands\"\" was the final Billboard Hot 100 hit single of the 1980s for Elton John, written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin and recorded on his million-selling 1989 album \"\"Sleeping with the Past\"\". The single was released during the late-summer of 1989, and was a top-20 hit in the US. It was paired as a double A-side single with \"\"Sacrifice\"\", which became Elton's first solo number 1 single in the UK. The song was inspired by the Four Tops song \"\"Reach Out, I'll Be There\"\". Produced by Chris Thomas, it was the first of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16387675", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nyears to the day after his previous performance in Israel, he performed at the Ramat Gan Stadium; this was significant because of other then-recent cancellations by other performers in the fallout surrounding an Israeli raid on Gaza Flotilla the month before. In his introduction to that concert, Elton John noted he and other musicians should not \"\"cherry-pick our conscience\"\", in reference to Elvis Costello, who was to have performed in Israel two weeks after John did, but cancelled in the wake of the aforementioned raid, citing his conscience. He released \"\"The Union\"\" on 19 October 2010. John says the album,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1078553", "chunk_text": "\"Diamonds (Elton John album)\"\nDiamonds (Elton John album) Diamonds is a greatest hits album by British singer-songwriter Elton John spanning his biggest hits from 1970 to 2016. The album was released on 10 November 2017. It was released in a 2-CD version, a 3-CD deluxe box set and a 2-LP vinyl version. It is the first Elton John career-spanning compilation released since \"\"\"\" in 2007. It was released to commemorate the 50 years of John's work with lyricist Bernie Taupin, since 1967. Although the initial year of the collaboration has been 1967, the oldest hit in the album is \"\"Your Song\"\", from the album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16898428", "chunk_text": "\"My Sacrifice\"\nMy Sacrifice \"\"My Sacrifice\"\" is a song by American rock band Creed. It was released in October 2001 as the lead single from their third studio album, \"\"Weathered\"\". The song peaked at number 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart for the week of February 9, 2002, and number-one on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for nine consecutive weeks, starting in December 2001. It was used in a series of promotional tribute videos made by World Wrestling Entertainment, detailing what the then-World Wrestling Federation Superstars went through most notably Stone Cold Steve Austin. The promo videos ended in February 2002.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7524013", "chunk_text": "\"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\"\nGoodbye Yellow Brick Road Goodbye Yellow Brick Road is the seventh studio album by Elton John, released in 1973. The album sold over 30 million copies worldwide and is regarded as John's best. It was recorded at the Château d'Hérouville in France after problems recording at the intended location of Jamaica. Among the 17 tracks, the album contains the hits \"\"Candle in the Wind\"\", \"\"Bennie and the Jets\"\", \"\"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\"\" and \"\"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting\"\" plus \"\"Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding\"\" and \"\"Harmony\"\". The move to the château from Jamaica provided John and his band with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2658107", "chunk_text": "\"Victim of Love (album)\"\nVictim of Love (album) Victim of Love, released in 1979, is the thirteenth studio album release for Elton John. It is a disco album, released shortly after the peak of disco's popularity. It was not critically or commercially well-received, and is Elton John's third lowest charting album to date in the US, after 1986's \"\"Leather Jackets\"\" and 1985's \"\"Ice on Fire\"\". The title track of the album, however, was moderately successful as a single. It reached No. 31 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, No. 38 in Australia and No. 46 in Canada. It also peaked at No. 11 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766476", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nLondon, Elton John won the award for Best British Male. In 1992, he released the U.S. number 8 album \"\"The One\"\", featuring the hit song \"\"The One\"\". He also released \"\"Runaway Train\"\", a duet he recorded with his long-time friend Eric Clapton, and with whom he played on Clapton's World Tour. John and Taupin then signed a music publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Music for an estimated $39 million over twelve years, giving them the largest cash advance in music publishing history. In April 1992, John appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert at Wembley Stadium, performing \"\"The Show Must Go", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17757842", "chunk_text": "\"The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album)\"\nThe Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album) The Union is a collaboration studio album by singer-songwriters Elton John and Leon Russell, released on 19 October 2010 in the US and on 25 October in the UK. This is John's second collaboration album, after 1993's Duets. This is the first studio release by John since 1979's \"\"Victim of Love\"\" without any of his regular band members. It is also his highest charting studio album on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 since 1976's \"\"Blue Moves\"\", debuting at No. 3, as well as Russell's highest charting studio album since 1972's \"\"Carney\"\". \"\"The Union\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7520076", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John (album)\"\nElton John (album) Elton John is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John, released on 10 April 1970 by DJM Records. It was released by Uni Records as John's debut album in the United States; many people there assumed it was his first album, as \"\"Empty Sky\"\" was not released in that country until 1975. \"\"Elton John\"\" includes his breakthrough single \"\"Your Song\"\", and helped to establish his career during what was considered the \"\"singer-songwriter\"\" era of popular music. In the US, it was certified gold in February 1971 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608157", "chunk_text": "\"The Diving Board\"\nThe Diving Board The Diving Board is the twenty-ninth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John. It is the second of his studio releases since 1979's \"\"Victim of Love\"\" without any of his regular band members. The album was released in the United Kingdom on 16 September 2013, and debuted at No. 3 on the UK album chart, his highest-charting studio album in that country since 2001's \"\"Songs from the West Coast\"\", and at No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. It is also his highest-charting solo album in the United States since \"\"Blue Moves\"\" in 1976. However, after just eight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766533", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nplace. The menu consisted of a truffle soufflé followed by surf and turf and a giant Knickerbocker glory ice cream. An auction followed the dinner held by Stephen Fry. A Rolls Royce 'Phantom' drophead coupe and a piece of Tracey Emin's artwork both raised £800,000 for the charity fund, with the total amount raised reaching £3.5million. Later, John sang \"\"Delilah\"\" with Tom Jones and \"\"Big Spender\"\" with Shirley Bassey. The 2011 guests included Sarah, Duchess of York, Elizabeth Hurley and George Michael (who performed \"\"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\"\" in a duet with John), and the auction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1078554", "chunk_text": "\"Diamonds (Elton John album)\"\n\"\"Elton John\"\", released in 1970. The limited edition box set version of \"\"Diamonds\"\" (the 3-CD version) contains a 72-page hardback book containing annotations for the stories behind each track plus a set of five postcards of illustrations of Elton John by contemporary artist Richard Kilroy. All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin unless otherwise noted. All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin unless otherwise noted. Diamonds (Elton John album) Diamonds is a greatest hits album by British singer-songwriter Elton John spanning his biggest hits from 1970 to 2016. The album was released on 10 November 2017.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7906762", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nLion King\"\", the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 1994 for \"\"Can You Feel The Love Tonight\"\" from \"\"The Lion King\"\", and the Tony Award for Best Original Score in 2000 for \"\"Aida\"\", all of which he shared with Tim Rice. He has also received five Brit Awards, including the award for Best British Male in 1991, and awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music in 1986 and 1995. In 2013, John received the first Brits Icon award in recognition of his \"\"lasting impact\"\" on UK culture, which was presented to him by his close friend Rod Stewart. Academy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766442", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\na session musician for artists such as the Hollies and the Scaffold. In 1969 his debut album, \"\"Empty Sky\"\", was released. In 1970. John's first hit single \"\"Your Song\"\", from his second album, \"\"Elton John\"\", reached the top ten in the UK and the U.S. After decades of chart success, John has also achieved success in musical films and theatre, composing the music for \"\"The Lion King\"\" and its stage adaptation, \"\"Aida\"\" and \"\"Billy Elliot the Musical\"\". He has received five Grammy Awards, five Brit Awards – winning two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the first Brits Icon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7665918", "chunk_text": "Hurts\n28 February. The single reached number 23 in Germany and number 120 in the UK. 23 February, it was confirmed that Elton John took a part in recording the track \"\"Help\"\" for the new album. \"\"Exile\"\" was released on 8 March 2013, achieving a top ten position in ten countries worldwide, debuting at number three in Germany and number nine in the UK. \"\"Blind\"\" was released as the second single on 20 May, and \"\"Somebody to Die For\"\" followed as the third on 21 July. With the release of \"\"Somebody to Die for\"\" they included a cover version of \"\"Ohne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10883222", "chunk_text": "\"Sacrifice (Saxon album)\"\nSacrifice (Saxon album) Sacrifice is the twentieth studio album by British heavy metal band Saxon. It was released on 1 March 2013 in Europe, 4 March in the United Kingdom and 26 March in the United States. In late January 2012, drummer Nigel Glockler revealed on Facebook that the band was getting ready to write a followup to the previous year's \"\"Call to Arms\"\". About a month later Glockler revealed, again via Facebook, that he and guitarist Doug Scarratt were convening in Glockler's home studio to write before a band meeting in March. On 30 March 2012, vocalist Biff Byford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12787789", "chunk_text": "\"The Diving Board\"\nBest Albums of 2013. The Diving Board The Diving Board is the twenty-ninth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John. It is the second of his studio releases since 1979's \"\"Victim of Love\"\" without any of his regular band members. The album was released in the United Kingdom on 16 September 2013, and debuted at No. 3 on the UK album chart, his highest-charting studio album in that country since 2001's \"\"Songs from the West Coast\"\", and at No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. It is also his highest-charting solo album in the United States since \"\"Blue Moves\"\" in 1976.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6128479", "chunk_text": "\"The Big Picture (Elton John album)\"\nnor bassist Bob Birch (during his tenure as John's bassist from 1992–2012) provide backing vocals. Drummer Charlie Morgan was let go from the band shortly after the album's release and soon replaced by Curt Bisquera and John's old drummer Nigel Olsson, who remains in the lineup to this day. All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. \"\"Live Like Horses\"\" was originally recorded in 1994 and intended for John's previous studio album, \"\"Made in England\"\", but lack of time for the inclusion ruled this out. The single version of the song, released in 1996, was a duet with Luciano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766498", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nnumber one in the U.K. At the 2012 Pride of Britain Awards on 30 October, Elton John, along with Michael Caine, Richard Branson, Simon Cowell and Stephen Fry, recited Rudyard Kipling's poem \"\"If—\"\" in tribute to the 2012 British Olympic and Paralympics athletes. In February 2013, John performed a duet with singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards. Later in 2013 he collaborated with rock band Queens of the Stone Age on their sixth studio album \"\"...Like Clockwork\"\", contributing piano and vocals on the song \"\"Fairweather Friends\"\". He stated that he was a fan of frontman Josh Homme's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12454501", "chunk_text": "Sacrifist\nSacrifist Sacrifist is the second album of the Bill Laswell led project Praxis, released in 1993 on Laswell's label Subharmonic. Originally, the album was intended to be a Rammellzee project, but soon was converted into the second Praxis album, after suggestions made by John Zorn. The line-up features the core Praxis trio of Laswell, guitarist Buckethead and drummer Bryan \"\"Brain\"\" Mantia. Additionally, Bootsy Collins and Bernie Worrell (of Parliament-Funkadelic), both also featured on the debut album, return for one lengthy track each: \"\"Deathstar\"\" includes Collins' \"\"free-form bass explorations\"\" and \"\"Crossing\"\" features Worrell's \"\"psychedelic improvisation on a distorted Hammond organ\"\". Vocals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19558887", "chunk_text": "\"Have Mercy on the Criminal\"\nHave Mercy on the Criminal \"\"Have Mercy on the Criminal\"\" is a song by Elton John released on his 1973 album, \"\"Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player\"\". It is the most frequent live-track on the album besides the two dominating singles, \"\"Daniel\"\" and \"\"Crocodile Rock\"\". The song is one of only two songs from the album that features orchestration. Long-time collaborator Paul Buckmaster was responsible for the arrangement. It opens unusually, in the middle of a crescendo, before ending with a snare drum-hit that segues into a slow-paced dramatic ballad that lasts for the rest of the song.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17757844", "chunk_text": "\"The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album)\"\nto date. It reached No. 3 on \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine's list of the 30 Best Albums of 2010. The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album) The Union is a collaboration studio album by singer-songwriters Elton John and Leon Russell, released on 19 October 2010 in the US and on 25 October in the UK. This is John's second collaboration album, after 1993's Duets. This is the first studio release by John since 1979's \"\"Victim of Love\"\" without any of his regular band members. It is also his highest charting studio album on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 since 1976's \"\"Blue Moves\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5162774", "chunk_text": "\"Made in England (Elton John album)\"\nBird\"\", \"\"Leaves\"\", \"\"Hell\"\", \"\"Skin\"\", \"\"Tick-Tock\"\", \"\"Undone\"\", \"\"Red\"\", \"\"Live Like Horses\"\", an alternate version of \"\"Belfast\"\", and an alternate version of \"\"Believe\"\". \"\"Red\"\" was later released on the French compilation \"\"Sol En Si\"\", and a version of \"\"Live Like Horses\"\" was later released on \"\"The Big Picture\"\". \"\"Building a Bird\"\" was recorded by Nigel Olsson for his 2001 \"\"Move the Universe\"\" CD, released only in Japan. The remaining outtakes have yet to circulate. Production Made in England (Elton John album) Made in England is the twenty-fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1995 and produced by him and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14973372", "chunk_text": "\"ARP 2500\"\ninstall the unit, Phil Dodds, was cast as the musician. The unit featured in the film consisted of a fully loaded main unit, two fully loaded wing cabinets and dual keyboards in a custom case. It has been used by artists such as The Who, Jimmy Page, David Bowie, Jean Michel Jarre, Vangelis, Kraftwerk, Faust, Aphex Twin, Cevin Key, and John Frusciante. The composer Eliane Radigue has worked almost exclusively with the 2500. The ARP 2500 was extensively used by British producer David Hentschel on recordings such as \"\"Funeral For A Friend\"\" from Elton John's 1973 album \"\"Goodbye Yellow Brick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7449620", "chunk_text": "\"The Big Picture (Elton John album)\"\nPavarotti, but the song is performed solo for this album. The version with Pavarotti was later included on the bonus disc edition of John's compilation \"\"Greatest Hits 1970–2002\"\". \"\"Past Imperfect\"\" and an alternate version of \"\"Recover Your Soul\"\" were completed by John for inclusion on \"\"The Big Picture\"\". Both songs have yet to see official release. The Big Picture (Elton John album) The Big Picture is the twenty-fifth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1997. It includes four worldwide singles: \"\"Live Like Horses\"\" (a duet with Luciano Pavarotti only for the single version), \"\"Something About the Way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766478", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nthe British animated television series of the same name. \"\"Up The Revolution\"\" was John's track, alongside contributions from George Harrison, the Bee Gees and Eric Clapton. The album was issued briefly, and only in the U.K. Along with Tim Rice, Elton John wrote the songs for the 1994 Disney animated film \"\"The Lion King\"\". At the 67th Academy Awards, three of the five nominees for the Academy Award for Best Song were from \"\"The Lion King\"\" soundtrack. John won the award with \"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"\". Both that and \"\"Circle of Life\"\" became hit songs for John. \"\"Can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8913171", "chunk_text": "\"The Very Best of Elton John\"\nthe double A-sided \"\"Sacrifice/Healing Hands\"\" single, which was the third best-selling single of 1990 in the United Kingdom, the album became an instant smash in that country. It spent its first two weeks at #1 and then nine strong weeks at #2. It was kept from the top during all nine weeks by Madonna's \"\"Immaculate Collection\"\". In all the album spent 145 weeks inside the UK top 200 album chart, making a total of 11 re-entries, and it was certified 9× Platinum by the BPI on 1 March 1995. It includes a total of 28 hit singles plus the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597500", "chunk_text": "\"Bernie Taupin\"\ntheir careers, as recorded on the \"\"Elton 60 - Live at Madison Square Garden\"\" DVD, John told the audience that without Taupin there probably wouldn't be an Elton John as the public has come to know him. Taupin and John also composed several songs for \"\"The Union\"\", a collaboration album between Elton and his longtime hero Leon Russell released in October 2010. They also collaborated on five original songs for the 2011 Miramax movie \"\"Gnomeo and Juliet\"\", including the Golden Globe-nominated \"\"Hello Hello\"\". The duo collaborated on their 31st studio album, \"\"The Diving Board,\"\" which was released in September 2013.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9525020", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John: The Classic Years\"\nElton John: The Classic Years Elton John: The Classic Years (known in North America as Elton John: The Remasters) was a remastering series of Sir Elton John's albums, in which some of the albums included bonus tracks. The first series of albums (which were also released in a limited edition velvet box, bearing Elton's signature) was released in 1995 and included: The second part of the series was released in 1998, and included: \"\"Victim of Love\"\", \"\"21 at 33\"\", \"\"The Fox\"\", \"\"Jump Up!\"\" and \"\"Breaking Hearts\"\" were eventually remastered and re-released on their own accord in 2003. \"\"Leather Jackets\"\", long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20809626", "chunk_text": "\"The Sacrificed\"\nThe Sacrificed The Sacrificed is an American Christian metal band who primarily play a power metal and progressive metal music. They come from Lakeland, Florida, where they started making music in 2005, with frontman Eli Prinsen. They released two studio albums, \"\"2012\"\" in 2010 and \"\"III\"\" in 2012, both with Roxx Productions. The Sacrificed is a Christian metal band from Lakeland, Florida, where they formed in 2005. Their members are lead vocalist, Eli Prinsen, lead guitarist, Michael Phillips, bassist, Daniel Cordova, and drummer, Jay Williams, with their past member being guitarist, Johnny Bowden. The band formed in 2005, Their first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3706439", "chunk_text": "\"Leather Jackets (album)\"\nof \"\"Heartache All Over the World\"\" is 4:01 (incorrectly listed as \"\"3:52\"\" on the album sleeve), while on CD editions, including the 1992 American CD re-release, the version of \"\"Heartache\"\" includes a brief additional a cappella segment during the final chorus, resulting in a length of 4:1. Leather Jackets (album) Leather Jackets, released in 1986, is the twentieth studio album release for Elton John. Recorded at Sol Studios in England and Wisseloord Studios in the Netherlands, it was his first album not to have any top 40 singles in either the US or the UK since 1970's \"\"Tumbleweed Connection\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7906764", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nand sideman as a road-tour percussionist. Current members Previous band members Bibliography Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"\"Billboard\"\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_105	when did they replace lead with graphite in pencils?	n/a	[ "never contained the element lead" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529321", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nthereby pushing a new tip to the top. Invented by Harold Grossman for Empire Pencil Company in 1967 and subsequently improved upon by Arthur D. Little for Empire from 1969 through the early 1970s; the plastic pencil was commercialised by Empire as the \"\"EPCON\"\" Pencil. These pencils were co-extruded, extruding a plasticised graphite mix within a wood-composite core. Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed. Although lead has not been used for writing since antiquity, lead poisoning from pencils was not uncommon. Until the middle of the 20th century the paint used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8549795", "chunk_text": "Graphite\nin this fashion in 2005. The ability to leave marks on paper and other objects gave graphite its name, given in 1789 by German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. It stems from \"\"graphein\"\", meaning \"\"to write\"\" or \"\"draw\"\" in Ancient Greek. From the 16th century, all pencils were made with leads of English natural graphite, but modern pencil lead is most commonly a mix of powdered graphite and clay; it was invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. It is chemically unrelated to the metal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of the name. Plumbago is another older", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4937897", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nof the Koh-I-Noor in 1790, remains in use. In 1802, the production of graphite leads from graphite and clay was patented by the Koh-I-Noor company in Vienna. In England, pencils continued to be made from whole sawn graphite. Henry Bessemer's first successful invention (1838) was a method of compressing graphite powder into solid graphite thus allowing the waste from sawing to be reused. American colonists imported pencils from Europe until after the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin advertised pencils for sale in his \"\"Pennsylvania Gazette\"\" in 1729, and George Washington used a three-inch pencil when he surveyed the Ohio Territory in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16800542", "chunk_text": "\"Copying pencil\"\nCopying pencil A copying pencil, also indelible pencil or chemical pencil, is pencil whose lead contains a dye. The lead is fabricated by adding a dry water-soluble permanent dye to powdered graphite—used in standard graphite pencils—before binding the mixture with clay. Copying pencils were introduced in the 1870s and were originally marketed for copying documents, especially for making permanent copies of a permanent original. This was achieved by creating a hand-written document using a copying pencil, laying a moist tissue paper over the document and pressing down with a mechanical press. The water-soluble dye in the writing would be transferred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529312", "chunk_text": "Pencil\ncompact type of pencil. Their concept involved the hollowing out of a stick of juniper wood. Shortly thereafter, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved, a graphite stick inserted, and the halves then glued together—essentially the same method in use to this day. The first attempt to manufacture graphite sticks from powdered graphite was in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1662. It used a mixture of graphite, sulphur, and antimony. English and German pencils were not available to the French during the Napoleonic Wars; France, under naval blockade imposed by Great Britain, was unable to import the pure graphite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529308", "chunk_text": "Pencil\npalm-leaf manuscripts. As a technique for drawing, the closest predecesor to the pencil was Silverpoint until in 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), a large deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. It remains the only large-scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11327399", "chunk_text": "Lead\nto that of primary lead; some refining processes may be skipped depending on the material recycled and its potential contamination. Of the sources of lead for recycling, lead–acid batteries are the most important; lead pipe, sheet, and cable sheathing are also significant. Contrary to popular belief, pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead. When the pencil originated as a wrapped graphite writing tool, the particular type of graphite used was named \"\"plumbago\"\" (literally, \"\"act for lead\"\" or \"\"lead mockup\"\"). Lead metal has several useful mechanical properties, including high density, low melting point, ductility, and relative inertness.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4937889", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nPencil A pencil is an implement for writing or drawing constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being broken and/or from leaving marks on the user’s hand during use. Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving behind a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface. They are distinct from pens, which instead dispense liquid or gel ink onto the surface being marked. Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. Graphite pencils (traditionally known as 'lead pencils') are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18550895", "chunk_text": "\"Dixon Ticonderoga Company\"\nfounded by Joseph Dixon and his son. The pencil's name originates in the graphite ore discovered on Lead Mountain in 1815 and processed in Ticonderoga, New York.A museum dedicated to the Dixon pencil is located in Ticonderoga, New York on property adjacent to where the graphite processing facility once stood. In 2005, the company was acquired by FILA, a manufacturer of school and art supplies based in Milan, Italy. In 2008, Dixon acquired 200-year-old German-based manufacturer, LYRA. Dixon planned to begin distribution of Lyra products in the US in mid-2009. Since 2009 the director of business development for the Dixon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529311", "chunk_text": "Pencil\na method of reconstituting the graphite powder was found in 1662 in Italy. However, the distinctively square English pencils continued to be made with sticks cut from natural graphite into the 1860s. The town of Keswick, near the original findings of block graphite, still manufactures pencils, the factory also being the location of the Cumberland Pencil Museum. The meaning of \"\"graphite writing implement\"\" apparently evolved late in the 16th century. Around 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti made what are likely the first blueprints for the modern, wood-encased carpentry pencil. Their version was a flat, oval, more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16800548", "chunk_text": "\"Copying pencil\"\nthe wound. Such risks are not associated with ordinary graphite pencils. While these symptoms may appear after a couple of days they often develop only after weeks have passed since the injury was sustained. Surgery is required to remove the dye and the infected tissue and \"\"the necrotizing action may be so severe and extensive amputation is necessary\"\". Copying pencil A copying pencil, also indelible pencil or chemical pencil, is pencil whose lead contains a dye. The lead is fabricated by adding a dry water-soluble permanent dye to powdered graphite—used in standard graphite pencils—before binding the mixture with clay. Copying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721799", "chunk_text": "Graphite\nthe name \"\"graphite\"\" (\"\"writing stone\"\") in 1789. He attempted to clear up the confusion between molybdena, plumbago and black lead after Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1778 proved that there are at least three different minerals. Scheele's analysis showed that the chemical compounds molybdenum sulfide (molybdenite), lead(II) sulfide (galena) and graphite were three different soft black minerals. Natural graphite is mostly used for refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake linings, foundry facings and lubricants. The use of graphite as a refractory material began before 1900 with the graphite crucible used to hold molten metal; this is now a minor part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4937900", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nlater became the contemporary Dixon Ticonderoga pencil and art supplies company. By the end of the 19th century, over 240,000 pencils were used each day in the US. The favoured timber for pencils was Red Cedar as it was aromatic and did not splinter when sharpened. In the early 20th century supplies of Red Cedar were dwindling so that pencil manufacturers were forced to recycle the wood from cedar fences and barns to maintain supply. One effect of this was that \"\"during World War II rotary pencil sharpeners were outlawed in Britain because they wasted so much scarce lead and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10477402", "chunk_text": "\"Mechanical pencil\"\nMechanical pencil A mechanical pencil (US English) or propelling pencil (UK English), also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a \"\"lead\"\" . The lead, often made of graphite, is not bonded to the outer casing, and can be mechanically extended as its point is worn away. Other names include microtip pencil, automatic pencil, drafting pencil, technical pencil, click pencil, pump pen, pump pencil, leadholder, pen pencil (Indian English), and lead pencil (Bangladeshi and American English). Mechanical pencils are used to provide lines of constant width without sharpening in technical drawing and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529309", "chunk_text": "Pencil\n\"\"plumbago\"\" (Latin for \"\"lead ore\"\"). Because the pencil core is still referred to as \"\"lead\"\", or a \"\"lead\"\", many people have the misconception that the graphite in the pencil is lead, and the black core of pencils is still referred to as \"\"lead\"\", even though it never contained the element lead. The words for pencil in German (\"\"bleistift\"\"), Irish (\"\"peann luaidhe\"\"), Arabic (قلم رصاص \"\"qalam raṣāṣ\"\"), and some other languages literally mean \"\"lead pen\"\". The value of graphite would soon be realised to be enormous, mainly because it could be used to line the moulds for cannonballs; the mines were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511099", "chunk_text": "\"Parker Pen Company\"\nover the years in Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Mexico, USA, Pakistan, India, Germany (Osmia-Parker), Brazil and Argentina. In 1955, the company introduced its Liquid Lead pencil which used liquid graphite to write like a pen. Unfortunately, the Scripto company had introduced a similar product called Fluidlead a few months previously. To avoid a costly patent fight the companies agreed to share their formulas with each other. The company bought retailer and catalog company Norm Thompson in 1973, and then sold it in 1981. In 1976 Parker acquired Manpower just as the temporary staffing market was surging. In time Manpower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9333399", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nsticks from the British Grey Knotts mines – the only known source in the world. France was also unable to import the inferior German graphite pencil substitute. It took the efforts of an officer in Napoleon's army to change this. In 1795, Nicolas-Jacques Conté discovered a method of mixing powdered graphite with clay and forming the mixture into rods that were then fired in a kiln. By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied. This method of manufacture, which had been earlier discovered by the Austrian Joseph Hardtmuth, the founder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10711972", "chunk_text": "\"Writing implement\"\na lead-based metal alloy that leaves dark markings on paper by abrading small pieces of core onto the surface. However, most modern \"\"lead pencils\"\" have a nonpoisonous core of greyish-black graphite mixed with various proportions of clay for consistency, enclosed within an outer wooden casing to protect the fragile graphite from being snapped apart or from leaving marks on the user's hand. White chalk has been traditionally used in schoolrooms to write on a main blackboard at the front of the room. In the 19th century, and indeed well into the 20th century, when paper was less readily available, individual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529317", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nand used in pencil manufacturing. On 30 March 1858, Hymen Lipman received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. In 1862, Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $100,000, who went on to sue pencil manufacturer Faber-Castell for infringement. In 1875, the Supreme Court of the US ruled against Reckendorfer declaring the patent invalid. Historian Henry Petroski notes that while ever more efficient means of mass production of pencils has driven the replacement cost of a pencil down, before this people would continue to use even the stub of a pencil. For those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721795", "chunk_text": "Graphite\n1845, opened mines in the Lake Ticonderoga district of New York, built a processing plant there, and a factory to manufacture pencils, crucibles and other products in New Jersey, described in the \"\"Engineering & Mining Journal\"\" 21 December 1878. The Dixon pencil is still in production. The beginnings of the revolutionary froth flotation process are associated with graphite mining. Included in the \"\"E&MJ\"\" article on the Dixon Crucible Company is a sketch of the “floating tanks” used in the age-old process of extracting graphite. Because graphite is so light, the mix of graphite and waste was sent through a final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4937908", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nfor the outer coating could contain high concentrations of lead, and this could be ingested when the pencil was sucked or chewed. The lead of the pencil is a mix of finely ground graphite and clay powders. Before the two substances are mixed, they are separately cleaned of foreign matter and dried in a manner that creates large square cakes. Once the cakes have fully dried, the graphite and the clay squares are mixed together using water. The amount of clay content added to the graphite depends on the intended pencil hardness (lower proportions of clay makes the core softer),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529310", "chunk_text": "Pencil\ntaken over by the Crown and were guarded. When sufficient stores of graphite had been accumulated, the mines were flooded to prevent theft until more was required. The usefulness of graphite for pencils was discovered as well, but graphite for pencils had to be smuggled. The news of the usefulness of these early pencils spread far and wide, attracting the attention of artists all over the known world. Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of encasement. Graphite sticks were initially wrapped in string or sheepskin for stability. England would enjoy a monopoly on the production of pencils until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17074651", "chunk_text": "\"Blackwing 602\"\nBlackwing 602 The Blackwing 602 is a pencil that is noted for its soft, dark graphite, unique flat square ferrule and replaceable eraser. It was manufactured by the Eberhard Faber Pencil Company from 1934 - 1988, then by the Faber-Castell pencil company from 1988 - 1994 and by Sanford from 1994 - 1998. The pencil initially sold for 50 cents each. After it was discontinued single original pencils were found on eBay for over $50, with some older (and rarer) ones being sold for over $100. Originals are becoming increasingly rare. However, as of 2012 a pencil under the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12569319", "chunk_text": "\"Sampson Mordan\"\nSampson Mordan Sampson Mordan (1790 – 9 April 1843) was a British silversmith and a co-inventor of the first patented mechanical pencil. During his youth, he was an apprentice of the inventor and locksmith Joseph Bramah, who patented the first elastic ink reservoir for a fountain pen. In 1822, Mordan and his co-inventor John Isaac Hawkins filed the first patent in Great Britain for a metal pencil with an internal mechanism for propelling the graphite \"\"lead\"\" shaft forward during use, as an improvement on the less complex leadholders that merely clutched the pencil lead to hold it into a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14383190", "chunk_text": "\"Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth\"\nKoh-i-Noor Hardtmuth Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth a.s. is a Czech manufacturer and one of the world's largest producers and distributors of art supplies, writing equipment and stationery. It was founded in 1790 by Joseph Hardtmuth of Austria. In 1802, the company patented the first pencil lead made from a combination of kaolin and graphite. In 1848, Joseph's sons, Karl and Ludwig, took over the family business, and the production was relocated to the Bohemian town of Budweis, within the current Czech Republic. The products were given awards in many world exhibitions, including in 1855 in New York City, 1856, 1900 and 1925", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19356392", "chunk_text": "\"Pencil fighting\"\npencil when striking. When a foul has occurred, the offender may be required to allow a free extra strike against their pencil. Some risk of eye injury exists in pencil fighting, because pieces of wood and graphite inside the pencil can be launched when pencils are struck. It has been suggested that pencil fighting became popular toward the end of the 1970s, played by students despite the disapproval of school educators, i.e., \"\"the teachers who would commonly issue two pencils to each student at the beginning of the school year and later only as required.\"\" Pencil fighting in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4937898", "chunk_text": "Pencil\n1762. It is said that William Munroe, a cabinetmaker in Concord, Massachusetts, made the first American wood pencils in 1812. This was not the only pencil-making occurring in Concord. According to Henry Petroski, transcendentalist philosopher Henry David Thoreau discovered how to make a good pencil out of inferior graphite using clay as the binder; this invention was prompted by his father's pencil factory in Concord, which employed graphite found in New Hampshire in 1821 by Charles Dunbar. Munroe's method of making pencils was painstakingly slow, and in the neighbouring town of Acton, a pencil mill owner named Ebenezer Wood set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4937910", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nthen cut into individual pencils, which are then varnished or painted. Many pencils feature an eraser on the top and so the process is usually still considered incomplete at this point. Each pencil has a shoulder cut on one end of the pencil to allow for a metal ferrule to be secured onto the wood. A rubber plug is then inserted into the ferrule for a functioning eraser on the end of the pencil. Graphite pencils are made of a mixture of clay and graphite and their darkness varies from light grey to black: the more clay the harder the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2541105", "chunk_text": "\"Mechanical pencil\"\nleads in a limited range of diameters (0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, or 2 mm) for their own products. Koh-i-Noor makes mechanical colored pencils with replaceable leads in 2.0, 3.15 and 5.6 mm sizes. Mechanical pencil A mechanical pencil (US English) or propelling pencil (UK English), also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a \"\"lead\"\" . The lead, often made of graphite, is not bonded to the outer casing, and can be mechanically extended as its point is worn away. Other names include microtip pencil, automatic pencil, drafting pencil, technical pencil, click", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721794", "chunk_text": "Graphite\nsticks. Because of its military importance, this unique mine and its production were strictly controlled by the Crown. During the 19th century, graphite's uses greatly expanded to include stove polish, lubricants, paints, crucibles, foundry facings, and pencils, a major factor in the expansion of educational tools during the first great rise of education for the masses. The British empire controlled most of the world's production (especially from Ceylon), but production from Austrian, German and American deposits expanded by mid-century. For example, the Dixon Crucible Company of Jersey City, New Jersey, founded by Joseph Dixon (inventor) and partner Orestes Cleveland in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721793", "chunk_text": "Graphite\npaint for decorating pottery. Some time before 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England, which the locals found useful for marking sheep. During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603), Borrowdale graphite was used as a refractory material to line moulds for cannonballs, resulting in rounder, smoother balls that could be fired farther, contributing to the strength of the English navy. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and soft, and could easily be cut into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12571043", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Dixon (inventor)\"\nPark neighborhood of historic Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey in 1847. The Dixon Mills complex has subsequently become residences. During the 1860s, people typically wrote with quill pens and ink even though Dixon introduced graphite pencils in 1829. But the American Civil War created a demand for a dry, clean, portable writing instrument and led to the mass production of pencils. At the time of Dixon's death in 1869, the Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the largest manufacturer of graphite products in the world. By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world's largest dealer and consumer of graphite.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9333395", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nmobile piece of pigment core that can be extended or retracted through the casing tip as needed; these pencil casings can be re-loaded with a new core (usually graphite) when necessary. \"\"Pencil\"\", from Old French \"\"pincel\"\", from Latin a \"\"little tail\"\" (see \"\"penis\"\"; \"\"pincellus\"\" is Latin from the post-classical period) originally referred to an artist's fine brush of camel hair, also used for writing before modern lead or chalk pencils. Though the archetypal pencil was an artist's brush, the stylus, a thin metal stick used for scratching in papyrus or wax tablets, was used extensively by the Romans and for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4786560", "chunk_text": "Lead\nthe first Medical Inspector of Factories in 1898; as a result, a 25-fold decrease in lead poisoning incidents from 1900 to 1944 was reported. The last major human exposure to lead was the addition of tetraethyllead to gasoline as an antiknock agent, a practice that originated in the United States in 1921. It was phased out in the United States and the European Union by 2000. Most European countries banned lead paint—commonly used because of its opacity and water resistance—for interiors by 1930. In the 1970s, the United States and Western European countries introduced legislation to reduce lead air pollution.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17074655", "chunk_text": "\"Blackwing 602\"\nWhile some pencil enthusiasts worried over the decision to change the pencil's eraser color, Stephen Sondheim described the Palomino Blackwing 602 as \"\"new and improved.\"\" A portion of all Blackwing 602 pencils sold benefits the Blackwing Foundation, which was established to support music and artist education in schools. Blackwing 602 The Blackwing 602 is a pencil that is noted for its soft, dark graphite, unique flat square ferrule and replaceable eraser. It was manufactured by the Eberhard Faber Pencil Company from 1934 - 1988, then by the Faber-Castell pencil company from 1988 - 1994 and by Sanford from 1994 -", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4149812", "chunk_text": "\"Colored pencil\"\nColored pencil A colored pencil (US-English), coloured pencil (UK-English, Canada-English), pencil crayon (UK-English, Canada-English), lead or coloured/colouring lead (Newfoundland-English) is an art medium constructed of a narrow, pigmented core encased in a wooden cylindrical case. Unlike graphite and charcoal pencils, colored pencils’ cores are wax- or oil-based and contain varying proportions of pigments, additives, and binding agents. Water-soluble (watercolor) pencils and pastel pencils are also manufactured as well as colored leads for mechanical pencils. Colored pencils vary greatly in terms of quality and usability; concentration of pigments in the core, lightfastness of the pigments, durability of the colored pencil, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529327", "chunk_text": "Pencil\npencil hardness of different coatings. This test defines a \"\"pencil hardness\"\" of a coating as the grade of the hardest pencil that does not permanently mark the coating when pressed firmly against it at a 45 degree angle. For standardized measurements, there are Mohs hardness testing pencils on the market. The majority of pencils made in the US are painted yellow. According to Henry Petroski, this tradition began in 1890 when the L. & C. Hardtmuth Company of Austria-Hungary introduced their Koh-I-Noor brand, named after the famous diamond. It was intended to be the world's best and most expensive pencil,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16416161", "chunk_text": "\"Pencil sharpener\"\ncore needle-sharp. Some older models like the 1897 German Jupiter 1 used reversible rotary cutter-disks with cutting edges radiating from the center on each side. These were high-end models, quite large and expensive. Others simply used abrasives like sandpaper. In some cases an abrasive was used to shape the graphite core, while the wood was cut some other way. Electric pencil sharpeners were introduced in 1940. They work on the same principle as manual ones, but the cylindrical cutter is (or cutters are) rotated by an electric motor. Some electric pencil sharpeners are powered by batteries rather than being plugged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8549796", "chunk_text": "Graphite\nterm for natural graphite used for drawing, typically as a lump of the mineral without a wood casing. The term plumbago drawing is normally restricted to 17th and 18th century works, mostly portraits. Today, pencils are still a small but significant market for natural graphite. Around 7% of the 1.1 million tonnes produced in 2011 was used to make pencils. Low-quality amorphous graphite is used and sourced mainly from China. Natural graphite has found uses in zinc-carbon batteries, in electric motor brushes, and various specialized applications. Graphite of various hardness or softness results in different qualities and tones when used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1650398", "chunk_text": "\"Ticonderoga, New York\"\nposition of the now former Ticonderoga village at the north end of Lake George made it an important port. The village was dissolved on 31 December 1993 after a public referendum, its operations were absorbed by the Town of Ticonderoga. As early as 1812, Ticonderoga was the site of graphite mining. Commercial mining of graphite began in 1832, though logging remained the chief Industry. Graphite was not widely used in the 19th century, as most writing was done in pen, rather than pencil. It was not until the mid-20th century that pencils came into greater use, with the No. 2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10477403", "chunk_text": "\"Mechanical pencil\"\nin quick, neat writing. They have also been used for fine-art drawing. Since they do not have to be sharpened, they are also very popular with students. Mechanical pencils were first used in the 18th century, with many designs patented in the 19th and 20th centuries. Conrad Gesner described a leadholder pencil in 1565, but the lead had to be manually adjusted to sharpen it. The earliest extant example of a mechanical pencil was found aboard the wreckage of HMS \"\"Pandora\"\", which sank in 1791. The first patent for a refillable pencil with lead-propelling mechanism was issued to Sampson Mordan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16800544", "chunk_text": "\"Copying pencil\"\nwas poisonous to humans, many injuries and illness related to copying pencils were reported in the medical literature, especially in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. By the end of the 19th century, better copying methods had become available. Consequently, the copying pencil was being used as an indelible pencil, a precursor to the ball-point pen. When used dry, it left a slightly purplish gray mark on paper, not dissimilar to a lead pencil's, but which could not be erased. When used wet, its tip moistened repeatedly by water or saliva, it produced a bright purple writing. The copying pencil served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19790036", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon group\"\n\"\"tin\"\" derives from the Old English word \"\"tin\"\". The word \"\"lead\"\" comes from the Old English word \"\"lead\"\". Carbon is most commonly used in its amorphous form. In this form, carbon is used for steelmaking, as carbon black, as a filling in tires, in respirators, and as activated charcoal. Carbon is also used in the form of graphite is commonly used as the lead in pencils. Diamond, another form of carbon, is commonly used in jewelery. Carbon fibers are used in numerous applications, such as satellite struts, because the fibers are highly strong yet elastic. Silicon dioxide has a wide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16416163", "chunk_text": "\"Pencil sharpener\"\nof 6 cuts and takes practice to master without breaking the lead. Specialized sharpeners are available that operate on non-standard sizes of pencil, such as crayons used in primary schools. Sharpeners that have two openings, one for normal pencils and one for larger crayons, are fairly common. An artist's or draftsman's pencil sharpener leaves the graphite untouched and sharpens only the wood (some models can switch from standard to wood-only by an adjustment). The graphite lead is then honed to a sharp point with a lead pointer, which sharpens only the lead without wood. Lead pointers are also used with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5456694", "chunk_text": "Scripto\nThe company is based out of Ontario, California. In 1955, Scripto was the first to introduce what it called Fluidlead. This was a pencil that wrote like a pen using liquid graphite. Another company, Parker Pens, had developed a similar product called Liquid Lead that was a few months behind Scripto in production. To avoid a costly patent fight the two companies agreed to share their formulas with each other on Valentine's Day of that year. In 1980, Scripto produced its first erasable pen. Other writing products included the Pussycat, Feathertone, Satellite, Prestige, Escort, Action, T210, K780, and the K21", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10529320", "chunk_text": "Pencil\nbased on grade and size; with standard sizes being , , , , , , , , and (ISO 9175-1)—the size is available, but is not considered a standard ISO size. Pioneered by Taiwanese stationery manufacturer Bensia Pioneer Industrial Corporation in the early 1970s, the product is also known as Bensia Pencils, stackable pencils or non-sharpening pencils. It is a type of pencil where many short pencil tips are housed in a cartridge-style plastic holder. A blunt tip is removed by pulling it from the writing end of the body and re-inserting it into the open-ended bottom of the body,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14841135", "chunk_text": "Graphite\nGraphite Graphite (), archaically referred to as plumbago, is a crystalline form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It occurs naturally in this form and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Under high pressures and temperatures it converts to diamond. Graphite is used in pencils and lubricants. Its high conductivity makes it useful in electrodes. The principal types of natural graphite, each occurring in different types of ore deposits, are Graphite occurs in metamorphic rocks as a result of the reduction of sedimentary carbon compounds during metamorphism. It also occurs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10711971", "chunk_text": "\"Writing implement\"\npigment. Words and names are still commonly inscribed into commemorative objects, such as the engraved winners' names on the silver Stanley Cup or the Gettysburg Address carved into the stone wall of the Lincoln Memorial, but the requisite tools are not exclusively considered to be writing instruments. The original form of \"\"lead pencil\"\" was the leaden stylus used by the ancient Romans, who also used it to write on wood or papyrus by leaving dark streaks where the soft metal rubbed off onto the surface. The concept has been revived in recent times as the core of the \"\"inkless pen\"\":", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15034758", "chunk_text": "\"Nicolas-Jacques Conté\"\nappear to be true.” Conté invented the modern pencil lead at the request of Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. The French Republic was at that time under economic blockade and unable to import graphite from Great Britain, the main source of the material. Carnot asked Conté to create a pencil that did not rely on foreign imports. After several days of research, Conté had the idea of mixing powdered graphite with clay and pressing the material between two half-cylinders of wood. Thus was formed the modern pencil. Conté received a patent for the invention in 1795, and formed la Société Conté", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5795513", "chunk_text": "\"Grey Knotts\"\nand in those early days was used only for marking sheep. Later, however, graphite was found to be suitable for lining the casting moulds for cannon and musket balls, which caused its value to soar in the 17th century, as England, France and the Dutch Republic built up their armies. The graphite was also used in pencil-making, which in 1790 led to the founding of the Cumberland pencil industry based in Keswick. The mine closed in 1891 after new techniques meant that graphite no longer needed to be so pure, so the Borrowdale mine became uneconomic. Grey Knotts can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_106	where can you find dna in the body?	n/a	[ "chromosomes in a cell", "inside the cell nucleus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496810", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic identification\"\noften not as demanding to be considered admissible in court. Forensic DNA analysis can be a useful tool in aiding forensic identification because DNA is found in almost all cells of our bodies except red blood cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid is located in two different places of the cell, the nucleus; which is inherited from both parents, and the mitochondria; inherited maternally. Similar to fingerprints, an individual’s DNA profile and characteristics are unique. Forensic identification using DNA can be useful in different cases such as determining suspects in violent crimes, solving paternity/maternity, and identifying human remains of victims from mass disasters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16401802", "chunk_text": "\"Nuclear DNA\"\nNuclear DNA Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. Nuclear DNA encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. Nuclear DNA adheres to Mendelian inheritance, with information coming from two parents, one male and one female, rather than matrilineally (through the mother) as in mitochondrial DNA. Nuclear DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymeric biomolecule or biopolymer, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. Its structure is a double helix, with two strands wound around each other.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3008018", "chunk_text": "\"DNA bank\"\nDNA bank DNA banking is the secure, long term storage of an individual’s genetic material. DNA is most commonly extracted from blood, but can also be obtained from saliva and other tissues. DNA banks allow for conservation of genetic material and comparative analysis of an individual's genetic information. Analyzing an individual's DNA can allow scientists to predict genetic disorders, as used in preventative genetics or gene therapy, and prove that person's identity, as used in the criminal justice system. There are multiple methods for testing and analyzing genetic information including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16401805", "chunk_text": "\"Nuclear DNA\"\nmitochondrial DNA is haploid, coming only from the mother. The mutation rate for nuclear DNA is less than 0.3% while that of mitochondrial DNA is generally higher. Nuclear DNA is known as the molecule of life and contains the genetic instructions for the development of all living organisms. It is found in almost every cell in the human body, with exceptions such as red blood cells. Everyone has a unique genetic blueprint, even identical twins. Forensic departments such as the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are able to use techniques involving nuclear DNA to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376461", "chunk_text": "DNA\nthe laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction. Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences. They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector. The genetically modified organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant proteins, used in medical research, or be grown in agriculture. Forensic scientists can use DNA in blood, semen, skin, saliva or hair found at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18168921", "chunk_text": "\"Mitochondrial DNA\"\nMitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. In humans, the 16,569 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA encode for only 37 genes. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17152182", "chunk_text": "\"Mitochondrial DNA\"\ntogether with the assessment of their pathogenicity. Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. In humans, the 16,569 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA encode for only 37 genes. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16401814", "chunk_text": "\"Nuclear DNA\"\nbe advantageous provide the genetic variation upon which natural selection operates to generate new adaptations. Nuclear DNA Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. Nuclear DNA encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. Nuclear DNA adheres to Mendelian inheritance, with information coming from two parents, one male and one female, rather than matrilineally (through the mother) as in mitochondrial DNA. Nuclear DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymeric biomolecule or biopolymer, found in the nucleus of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15629179", "chunk_text": "\"Extrachromosomal DNA\"\nDNA in a variety of different organisms. Extrachromosomal DNA Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside the nucleus also serves important biological functions. In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. The fact that this organelle contains its own DNA supports the hypothesis that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827881", "chunk_text": "\"Extrachromosomal DNA\"\nExtrachromosomal DNA Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside the nucleus also serves important biological functions. In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. The fact that this organelle contains its own DNA supports the hypothesis that mitochondria originated as bacterial cells engulfed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3008022", "chunk_text": "\"DNA bank\"\nare also starting to be used for retaining the DNA of the deceased, a service offered by some funeral homes. Scientists are capable of retrieving genetic information from hair, skin, blood, sperm, tissue, and saliva as long as the sample contains intact DNA. Nucleotide sequences between humans differ by only 0.1%. Even so, this 0.1% includes approximately three million bases. DNA can be analyzed through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The RFLP process was introduced in 1988. Restriction enzymes digest portions of the DNA, leaving short fragments. These fragments are sorted through gel electrophoresis. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6801291", "chunk_text": "\"DNA repair\"\nmutations from which the original DNA sequence is unrecoverable (except in the rare case of a back mutation, for example, through gene conversion). There are several types of damage to DNA due to endogenous cellular processes: Damage caused by exogenous agents comes in many forms. Some examples are: UV damage, alkylation/methylation, X-ray damage and oxidative damage are examples of induced damage. Spontaneous damage can include the loss of a base, deamination, sugar ring puckering and tautomeric shift. In human cells, and eukaryotic cells in general, DNA is found in two cellular locations — inside the nucleus and inside the mitochondria.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15554572", "chunk_text": "DNA\nmediate the function of the genome. Genomic DNA is tightly and orderly packed in the process called DNA condensation, to fit the small available volumes of the cell. In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the cell nucleus, with small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, the DNA is held within an irregularly shaped body in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The genetic information in a genome is held within genes, and the complete set of this information in an organism is called its genotype. A gene is a unit of heredity and is a region of DNA that influences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3628933", "chunk_text": "\"DNA profiling\"\nan individual's profile, as could previous profiled human remains. A reference sample is then analyzed to create the individual's DNA profile using one of the techniques discussed below. The DNA profile is then compared against another sample to determine whether there is a genetic match. When a sample such as blood or saliva is obtained, the DNA is only a small part of what is present in the sample. Before the DNA can be analyzed, it must be extracted from the cells and purified. There are many ways this can be accomplished, but all methods follow the same basic procedure.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8277310", "chunk_text": "\"DNA sequencing\"\nmay not involve DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing may be used along with DNA profiling methods for forensic identification and paternity testing. DNA testing has evolved tremendously in the last few decades to ultimately link a DNA print to what is under investigation. The DNA patterns in fingerprint, saliva, hair follicles, etc. uniquely separate each living organism from another. Testing DNA is a technique which can detect specific genomes in a DNA strand to produce a unique and individualized pattern. Every living organism ever created has a one of a kind DNA pattern, which can be determined through DNA testing. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "395282", "chunk_text": "\"DNA profiling\"\nlow cost and ease of set-up and operation, AmpFLP remains popular in lower income countries. Using PCR technology, DNA analysis is widely applied to determine genetic family relationships such as paternity, maternity, siblingship and other kinships. During conception, the father's sperm cell and the mother's egg cell, each containing half the amount of DNA found in other body cells, meet and fuse to form a fertilized egg, called a zygote. The zygote contains a complete set of DNA molecules, a unique combination of DNA from both parents. This zygote divides and multiplies into an embryo and later, a full human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "488252", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic biology\"\nare the bone, teeth, or hair of the body. mtDNA is able to be extracted from such degraded samples because its presence in cells is much higher than nuclear DNA. There can be more than 1,000 copies of mtDNA in a cell, while there are only two copies of nuclear DNA. Nuclear DNA is inherited from both the mother and the father but mtDNA is passed down from only the mother to all of her offspring. Due to this type of inheritance, mtDNA is useful for identification purposes in forensic work but can also be used for mass disasters, missing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376396", "chunk_text": "DNA\nDNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands are also known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6801292", "chunk_text": "\"DNA repair\"\nNuclear DNA (nDNA) exists as chromatin during non-replicative stages of the cell cycle and is condensed into aggregate structures known as chromosomes during cell division. In either state the DNA is highly compacted and wound up around bead-like proteins called histones. Whenever a cell needs to express the genetic information encoded in its nDNA the required chromosomal region is unravelled, genes located therein are expressed, and then the region is condensed back to its resting conformation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located inside mitochondria organelles, exists in multiple copies, and is also tightly associated with a number of proteins to form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259775", "chunk_text": "\"DNA paternity testing\"\nduring pregnancy from a blood draw with no risk of miscarriage. Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. The DNA of an individual is the same in every somatic (nonreproductive) cell. Sexual reproduction brings the DNA of both parents together randomly to create a unique combination of genetic material in a new cell, so the genetic material of an individual is derived from the genetic material of both their parents in equal amounts. This genetic material is known as the nuclear genome", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "263147", "chunk_text": "\"Molecular marker\"\nMolecular marker A molecular marker is a molecule contained within a sample taken from an organism (biological markers) or other matter. It can be used to reveal certain characteristics about the respective source. DNA, for example, is a molecular marker containing information about genetic disorders, genealogy and the evolutionary history of life. Specific regions of the DNA (genetic markers) are used for diagnosing the autosomal recessive genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, taxonomic affinity (phylogenetics) and identity (DNA BarCoding). Further, life forms are known to shed unique chemicals, including DNA, into the environment as evidence of their presence in a particular location.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6766565", "chunk_text": "\"DNA database\"\nDNA database A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy. DNA databases may be public or private, the largest ones being national DNA databases. When a match is made from a national DNA database to link a crime scene to a person whose DNA profile is stored on a database, that link is often referred to as a \"\"cold hit\"\". A cold hit is of particular value in linking a specific person to a crime scene, but is of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376465", "chunk_text": "DNA\nrelated to the child. Normal DNA sequencing methods happen after birth, but there are new methods to test paternity while a mother is still pregnant. Deoxyribozymes, also called DNAzymes or catalytic DNA, are first discovered in 1994. They are mostly single stranded DNA sequences isolated from a large pool of random DNA sequences through a combinatorial approach called in vitro selection or systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). DNAzymes catalyze variety of chemical reactions including RNA-DNA cleavage, RNA-DNA ligation, amino acids phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, carbon-carbon bond formation, and etc. DNAzymes can enhance catalytic rate of chemical reactions up to 100,000,000,000-fold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "822395", "chunk_text": "\"DNA sequencing\"\nis extremely rare that two people have exactly the same DNA pattern, therefore DNA testing is highly successful. The canonical structure of DNA has four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). DNA sequencing is the determination of the physical order of these bases in a molecule of DNA. However, there are many other bases that may be present in a molecule. In some viruses (specifically, bacteriophage), cytosine may be replaced by hydroxy methyl or hydroxy methyl glucose cytosine. In mammalian DNA, variant bases with methyl groups or phosphosulfate may be found. Depending on the sequencing technique,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15554570", "chunk_text": "DNA\nDNA adducts that induce errors in replication. Nevertheless, due to their ability to inhibit DNA transcription and replication, other similar toxins are also used in chemotherapy to inhibit rapidly growing cancer cells. DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell makes up its genome; the human genome has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA arranged into 46 chromosomes. The information carried by DNA is held in the sequence of pieces of DNA called genes. Transmission of genetic information in genes is achieved via complementary base pairing. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376399", "chunk_text": "DNA\nRNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription. Under the genetic code, these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation. Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. Before typical cell division, these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7870524", "chunk_text": "\"Forensic biology\"\nDNA evidence can be recovered from blood, semen, saliva, epithelial cells and hair (if the root is still intact). Furthermore, Mitochondrial DNA can be recovered from the shaft of hair, bone and the roots of teeth. For most forensic DNA samples, STR analysis of autosomal short tandem repeats is performed in an attempt to individualize the sample to one person with a high degree of statistical confidence. Laboratory analysis of DNA evidence involves the sample DNA being extracted, quantitated, amplified, and visualized. There are several methods of DNA extraction possible including organic (phenol-chloroform) extraction, Chelex extraction, and differential extraction. Quantitation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15554620", "chunk_text": "DNA\nW. Holley, and Marshall Warren Nirenberg to decipher the genetic code. These findings represent the birth of molecular biology. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4806174", "chunk_text": "Life\ntheir DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Its molecular structure was identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, whose model-building efforts were guided by X-ray diffraction data acquired by Rosalind Franklin. Life is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3008023", "chunk_text": "\"DNA bank\"\ngel demonstrates the length of the fragments allowing specialists to determine whether the fragments came from the same person. PCR is more commonly used today because it more efficient and requires smaller samples of genetic samples. There are various organizations founded for the purpose of storing and analyzing DNA sample. For example, the UK Biobank contains DNA samples of 500,000 individuals aged between 40 and 69 when their samples were taken in the years 2006-2010 . DNA bank DNA banking is the secure, long term storage of an individual’s genetic material. DNA is most commonly extracted from blood, but can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8277307", "chunk_text": "\"DNA sequencing\"\nsequences, or genomes, of numerous types and species of life, including the human genome and other complete DNA sequences of many animal, plant, and microbial species. The first DNA sequences were obtained in the early 1970s by academic researchers using laborious methods based on two-dimensional chromatography. Following the development of fluorescence-based sequencing methods with a DNA sequencer, DNA sequencing has become easier and orders of magnitude faster. DNA sequencing may be used to determine the sequence of individual genes, larger genetic regions (i.e. clusters of genes or operons), full chromosomes, or entire genomes of any organism. DNA sequencing is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5733977", "chunk_text": "Biology\namino acids known as a protein. The translation code from RNA codon to amino acid is the same for most organisms. For example, a sequence of DNA that codes for insulin in humans also codes for insulin when inserted into other organisms, such as plants. DNA is found as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. A chromosome is an organized structure consisting of DNA and histones. The set of chromosomes in a cell and any other hereditary information found in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, or other locations is collectively known as a cell's genome. In eukaryotes, genomic DNA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15554615", "chunk_text": "DNA\nsystem provided the first clear suggestion that DNA carries genetic information. In 1933, while studying virgin sea urchin eggs, Jean Brachet suggested that DNA is found in the cell nucleus and that RNA is present exclusively in the cytoplasm. At the time, \"\"yeast nucleic acid\"\" (RNA) was thought to occur only in plants, while \"\"thymus nucleic acid\"\" (DNA) only in animals. The latter was thought to be a tetramer, with the function of buffering cellular pH. In 1937, William Astbury produced the first X-ray diffraction patterns that showed that DNA had a regular structure. In 1943, Oswald Avery, along with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16401804", "chunk_text": "\"Nuclear DNA\"\nthe bases are held together by hydrogen bonds. Nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA differ in many ways, starting with location and structure. Nuclear DNA is located within the nucleus of eukaryote cells and usually has two copies per cell while mitochondrial DNA is located in the mitochondria and contains 100-1,000 copies per cell. The structure of nuclear DNA chromosomes is linear with open ends and includes 46 chromosomes containing 3 billion nucleotides. Mitochondrial DNA chromosomes usually have closed, circular structures, and contain for example 16,569 nucleotides in human. Nuclear DNA is diploid, ordinarily inheriting the DNA from two parents, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5488384", "chunk_text": "\"Nucleic acid\"\nand the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. The term \"\"nucleic acid\"\" is the overall name for DNA and RNA, members of a family of biopolymers, and is synonymous with \"\"polynucleotide\"\". Nucleic acids were named for their initial discovery within the nucleus, and for the presence of phosphate groups (related to phosphoric acid). Although first discovered within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, nucleic acids are now known to be found in all life forms including within bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, chloroplasts, viruses, and viroids. (note: there is debate as to whether viruses are living or non-living). All living cells contain both DNA and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2953190", "chunk_text": "\"Touch DNA\"\nTouch DNA Touch DNA is a forensic method for analysing DNA left at the scene of a crime. It is called \"\"touch DNA\"\" because it only requires very small samples, for example from the skin cells left on an object after it has been touched or casually handled. Touch DNA analysis only requires seven or eight cells from the outermost layer of human skin. The technique has been criticized for high rates of false positives due to contamination—for example, fingerprint brushes used by crime scene investigators can transfer trace amounts of skin cells from one surface to another, leading to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20717951", "chunk_text": "\"Use of DNA in forensic entomology\"\nthen be extracted by dissecting the posterior end of the abdomen and collecting 25 mg of tissue. The cut in the abdomen should be made with a razor blade as close to the posterior as possible to avoid the stomach. Using a DNA extraction kit, the DNA is extracted from the tissue. If the DNA is mixed with samples from more than one individual, it is separated using a species specific primer. Once extracted and isolated, the DNA sample goes through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is amplified and identified. PCR works by analyzing species specific mitochondrial DNA. PCR is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13591777", "chunk_text": "\"Human genome\"\nthe environment and the genome. Human genome <section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6766567", "chunk_text": "\"DNA database\"\nforensic purposes. The Interpol DNA database is used in criminal investigations. Interpol maintains an automated DNA database called DNA Gateway that contains DNA profiles submitted by member countries collected from crime scenes, missing persons, and unidentified bodies. The DNA Gateway was established in 2002, and at the end of 2013, it had more than 140,000 DNA profiles from 69 member countries. Unlike other DNA databases, DNA Gateway is only used for information sharing and comparison, it does not link a DNA profile to any individual, and the physical or psychological conditions of an individual are not included in the database.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2769721", "chunk_text": "\"Molecular anthropology\"\nhighly valuable fossil/ancient remains. Unlike Y chromosome, both male and female remains carry mtDNA in roughly equal quantities. The Y chromosome is one two sex chromosomes in found in humans the other being the X chromosome. These sex chromosomes configure one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes located in each cell. The Y chromosome expands to more than 59 million base pairs and depicts nearly two percent of all DNA located in cells.The Y chromosome is found in the nucleus of normal cells (nuclear DNA). Unlike mtDNA, it has mutations in the non-recombinant portion (NRY) of the chromosome spaced widely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1805181", "chunk_text": "\"DNA encryption\"\nthe structure of DNA – was able to sequence his genome for less than $1.5 million. As genetic sequencing technologies have proliferated, streamlined and become adapted to clinical means, they can now provide incredible insight into individual genetic identities at a much lower cost, with biotech competitors vying for the title of the $1,000 genome. Genetic material can now be extracted from a person's saliva, hair, skin, blood, or other sources, sequenced, digitized, stored, and used for numerous purposes. Whenever data is digitized and stored, there is the possibility of privacy breaches. While modern whole genome sequencing technology has allowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10028393", "chunk_text": "\"Human genome\"\nHuman genome <section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3008021", "chunk_text": "\"DNA bank\"\nas demonstrated in preventive healthcare, or even through gene therapy. DNA can be banked at any time during a person's life. DNA banks were introduced to the criminal justice system in the 1980s. This system makes it possible to rule out or confirm the verdict of a suspect based on their personal genetic code. Once an individual’s DNA is stored, it remains in the system permanently; allowing law enforcement to identify and track criminals more easily. There is some controversy about this topic as some individuals believe the storage of citizen's DNA is an invasion of privacy. DNA banking capsules", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2978638", "chunk_text": "Biomedicine\nknown as fats, also serve to store energy, but in the long term. Due to their unique structure, lipids provide more than twice the amount of energy that carbohydrates do. Lipids can be used as insulation, as it is present below the layer of skin in living organisms. Moreover, lipids can be used in hormone production to maintain a healthy hormonal balance and provide structure to your cell walls. Nucleic acids are used to store DNA in every living organism. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. DNA is the main genetic information storing substance found oftentimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20717953", "chunk_text": "\"Use of DNA in forensic entomology\"\nit must first be denatured by exposing it to a 95 °C temperature for one minute, followed by thirty cycles of thirty-second 95 °C exposures. Then denatured DNA is mixed with a specific primer. A chromatograph is conducted on 2% agarose gel, stained, and viewed with UV fluorescence. The DNA is identified by looking for genome specific repetitive elements and by comparing it with known examples. Humans are constantly fed on by haematophagous (blood feeding) insects. The ingested blood can be recovered and used to identify the person from which it was taken. Bite marks and reactions to bites can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "395283", "chunk_text": "\"DNA profiling\"\nbeing. At each stage of development, all the cells forming the body contain the same DNA—half from the father and half from the mother. This fact allows the relationship testing to use all types of all samples including loose cells from the cheeks collected using buccal swabs, blood or other types of samples. There are predictable inheritance patterns at certain locations (called loci) in the human genome, which have been found to be useful in determining identity and biological relationships. These loci contain specific DNA markers that scientists use to identify individuals. In a routine DNA paternity test, the markers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316755", "chunk_text": "\"DNA profiling\"\nenvironmental exposure often being the most common cause. Biological samples that have been exposed to the environment can get degraded by water and enzymes called nucleases . Nucleases essentially ‘chew’ up the DNA into fragments over time and are found everywhere in nature. Before modern PCR methods existed it was almost impossible to analyze degraded DNA samples. Methods like restriction fragment length polymorphism or RFLP , which was the first technique used for DNA analysis in forensic science, required high molecular weight DNA in the sample in order to get reliable data. High molecular weight DNA however is something that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15470489", "chunk_text": "Chromosome\noctamers with part of a DNA strand attached to and wrapped around it). Chromatin fibers are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. Chromatin contains the vast majority of DNA and a small amount inherited maternally, can be found in the mitochondria. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions, for example, red blood cells. Chromatin allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. During cell division chromatin condenses further to form microscopically visible chromosomes. The structure of chromosomes varies through the cell cycle. During cellular division chromosomes are replicated, divided, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7773083", "chunk_text": "\"DNA database\"\nInterpol reported there were 31 national DNA databases and six more planned. The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) DNA working group made 33 recommendations in 2014 for DNA database management and guidelines for auditing DNA databases. Other countries have adopted privately developed DNA databases, such as Qatar, which has adopted Bode dbSEARCH. Typically, a tiny subset of the individual's genome is sampled from 13 or 16 regions that have high individuation. The first national DNA database in the United Kingdom was established in April 1995, called National DNA Database (NDNAD). By 2006, it contained 2.7 million DNA profiles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5512880", "chunk_text": "\"Circulating free DNA\"\nCirculating free DNA Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) are degraded DNA fragments released to the blood plasma. cfDNA can be used to describe various forms of DNA freely circulating the bloodstream, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA). Elevated levels of cfDNA are observed in cancer, especially in advanced disease. There is evidence that cfDNA becomes increasingly frequent in circulation with the onset of age. cfDNA has been shown to be a useful biomarker for a multitude of ailments other than cancer and fetal medicine. This includes but is not limited to trauma, sepsis, aseptic inflammation, myocardial infarction,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_107	who won the most medals in the 1924 winter olympics?	n/a	[ "Norway" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853687", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nMovement\"\". Meanwhile the official report for the 1924 Summer and Winter Olympics listed 293 athletes from 17 nations. Finland placed second on the table, collecting four gold medals amongst a total of eleven. Clas Thunberg won five of their medals, achieving a medal in each of the speed skating events he took part in; collecting three gold medals, one silver and one bronze. Eight of the competing nations achieved at least one gold medal, with only Belgium and the hosts, France, medalling without winning a gold medal. One medal was reallocated in 1974; during the games, Thorleif Haug of Norway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853685", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics medal table\"\n1924 Winter Olympics medal table The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games, and known at the time as \"\"Semaine Internationale des Sports d'Hiver\"\" (\"\"International Winter Sports Week\"\"), was a winter multi-sport event held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 5 February 1924. Norway topped the table, collecting seventeen medals in total, including four gold, three of which were won by Thorleif Haug in the nordic combined and cross-country skiing events. Norway also achieved two podium sweeps, winning all three medals in both the 50 km cross-country skiing and the nordic combined. This remained a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10752268", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nand they are listed alphabetically. Two bronze medals were awarded in the 500 metres speed skating event for the third place tie. 1924 Winter Olympics medal table The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games, and known at the time as \"\"Semaine Internationale des Sports d'Hiver\"\" (\"\"International Winter Sports Week\"\"), was a winter multi-sport event held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 5 February 1924. Norway topped the table, collecting seventeen medals in total, including four gold, three of which were won by Thorleif Haug in the nordic combined and cross-country skiing events. Norway also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617772", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nonly country to have earned a gold medal at every Winter Olympics is the United States. Norway leads the all-time medal table for the Winter Olympics both on number of gold and overall medals, followed by the United States, Germany, and the former Soviet Union. A predecessor, the Nordic Games, were organised by General Viktor Gustaf Balck in Stockholm, Sweden in 1901 and were held again in 1903 and 1905 and then every fourth year thereafter until 1926. Balck was a charter member of the IOC and a close friend of Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin. He attempted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853686", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nrecord at the Winter Olympics until 2014. When it was held, the games were not formally recognised as being the Olympics, but acknowledged that they were held under the \"\"high patronage of the International Olympic Committee\"\". Partly due to this, varying figures are reported for the number of participants. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) website suggests that 258 athletes from 16 nations participated in 16 events across 9 sports. In contrast, the \"\"Sports-Reference\"\" website lists 313 participants from 19 countries. Bill Mallon, a prominent Olympic Games historian, quotes a figure of 291 competitors in his \"\"Historical Dictionary of the Olympic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13658148", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Summer Olympics medal table\"\n1924 Summer Olympics medal table This is the full medal table of the 1924 Summer Olympics which were held in Paris, France. The United States once again dominated the medal table, winning the most gold (45), silver (27), bronze (27) and overall (99) medals. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853333", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Summer Olympics medal table\"\n1924 Summer Olympics medal table This is the full medal table of the 1924 Summer Olympics which were held in Paris, France. The United States once again dominated the medal table, winning the most gold (45), silver (27), bronze (27) and overall (99) medals. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13658499", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nhad been awarded the bronze medal in ski jumping, along with his three gold medals. A Norwegian historian discovered that there had been a scoring error, and an American, Anders Haugen, had actually finished in third place. As Haug had died in 1934, his daughter presented Haugen, aged 83, with his medal. In the official report, the classification of nations is ranked not by medals, but rather by \"\"points\"\", which were awarded for each position from first to sixth; not exclusively for gold, silver and bronze. Due to this, Czechoslovakia were included in the table ahead of Belgium, due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10752267", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics medal table\"\ntwo fourth-place finishes, one fifth and one sixth. Italy were also present, in twelfth, for their solitary sixth place. The medal table is based on information provided by the IOC and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703125", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\n\"\"Glasgow Herald\"\" newspaper filed a claim on behalf of the families of the team. Medals were awarded in 16 events contested in 5 sports (9 disciplines). Many sources do not list curling and the military patrol, or list them as demonstration events. However, no such designation was made in 1924. In February 2006 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ruled that curling was a full part of the Olympic program, and have included the medals awarded in the official count. Athletes from 16 nations competed in the first Winter Olympic Games. Germany was banned from competing in the games, and instead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703124", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\nOlympic Winter Games every four years, independent of the Olympic Games proper, and recognized the International Winter Sports Week as the first Olympic Winter games in retrospect. In 1974 the final individual medal of Chamonix 1924 was presented. Anders Haugen, who until then had been recorded as finishing fourth in the ski jumping event, received a bronze medal. After fifty years an error had been discovered in the score of Thorleif Haug. In 2006, the IOC confirmed that the awarded medals to 1924 curling teams were official. The IOC verified that curling was officially part of the program, after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703121", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\nin the Olympic Winter Games was won by Charles Jewtraw of the United States in the 500-meter speed skate. Sonja Henie, at just eleven years old, skates in the ladies' figure skating competition. Although she finishes last, she becomes popular with fans. Henie went on to take gold at the next three Winter Olympics. The figure skater Gillis Grafström was the first one to successfully defend his Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics. The Canadian ice hockey team (Toronto Granites) finished their qualifying round with three wins, scoring a total of 85 goals against Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5247793", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics\"\ngold medals apiece. Earl Johnson and Scholz won two medals each. Thirty-three other athletes won medals, bringing the total to 37 of 96 participants taking medals. Sixteen boxers represented the United States at the 1924 Games; the U.S. was one of four countries (along with France, Great Britain, and Italy) to send two boxers in each weight class. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. The two gold medals won by Americans matched Britain's pair of golds. The United States team won the most overall medals with six. In two weight classes, both American boxers won medals. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853552", "chunk_text": "\"1998 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nThe sport of curling returned after a single appearance in the 1924 Olympics, snowboarding was added as a new sport, and women's ice hockey made its first appearance in the Olympics. The leading medal winner at the Games was Russian skier Larisa Lazutina, who won five medals, including three golds. The only other athlete to win three gold medals was Norwegian skier Bjørn Dæhlie, who won four medals overall, making him the first Winter Olympian to win twelve career medals, eight of which were gold. Nine other athletes won three medals, including three Germans. American figure skater Tara Lipinski became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617799", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\ngold medal. Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway won three gold medals in Nordic skiing, becoming the most decorated Winter Olympic athlete, with eight gold medals and twelve medals overall. Austrian Hermann Maier survived a crash during the downhill competition and returned to win gold in the super-G and the giant slalom. Tara Lipinski of the United States, aged just 15, became the youngest ever female gold medallist in an individual event when she won the Ladies' Singles, a record that had stood since Sonja Henie of Norway won the same event, also aged 15, in St. Moritz in 1928. New world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703119", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\n1924 Winter Olympics The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games (), were a winter multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Originally held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, the sports competitions were held at the foot of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, and Haute-Savoie, France between January 25 and February 5, 1924. The Games were organized by the French Olympic Committee, and were in retrospect designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the I Olympic Winter Games. The tradition of holding the Winter Olympics in the same year as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7852517", "chunk_text": "\"1976 Summer Olympics medal table\"\nthe medal table, which remains the worst result a host nation has ever scored in the history of the Games. Nikolai Andrianov of the Soviet Union won seven medals (four gold, two silver and one bronze medals), becoming the most medalled athlete in these Games. The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703120", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\nSummer Olympics would continue until 1992, after which the current practice of holding a Winter Olympics in the second year after each Summer Olympics began. Although Figure Skating had been an Olympic event in both London and Antwerp, and Ice Hockey had been an event in Antwerp, the winter sports had always been limited by the season. In 1921, at the convention of the IOC in Lausanne, there was a call for equality for winter sports, and after much discussion it was decided to organize an \"\"international week of winter sport\"\" in 1924 in Chamonix. The first gold medal awarded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617809", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nthe snow, Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen took two golds to bring his total tally of Olympic medals to 13, overtaking his compatriot Bjørn Dæhlie to become the most decorated Winter Olympian of all time. Another Norwegian, cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen took three golds; her total of ten Olympic medals tied her as the female Winter Olympian with most medals, alongside Raisa Smetanina and Stefania Belmondo. Snowboarder Ayumu Hirano became the youngest medallist on snow at the Winter Games when he took a silver in the halfpipe competition at the age of fifteen. On the ice, the Dutch dominated the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703123", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\nFor the first time in the history of the modern Olympics, the host country, in this case, France, failed to win any gold medals, finishing with three bronze medals. This feat would later occur at the next Winter Olympics in St. Moritz where Switzerland won only a single bronze medal, the lowest ever output by a host nation at an Olympics. Later host nations to finish without gold medals included Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. In 1925, the IOC decided to organize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4586357", "chunk_text": "\"All-time Olympic Games medal table\"\nbe listed as a historical NOC without medals. Other differences from the official table are based on disagreements about which events were Olympic. This affects several of the events in the 1900 and 1904 Olympics. In addition, some sources include the 1906 Intercalated Games when compiling their medal tables. From 1924 through 1936, the IOC on several occasions awarded gold medals for feats of alpinism and aeronautics that occurred in the preceding four-year Olympiad. In 1924, 1932 and 1936, gold medals were awarded to 25 mountaineers from six nations for expeditions in the Himalayas and the Matterhorn. In 1936, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7942428", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nin, Canada held the record for most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics with 14, which it won in Vancouver in 2010. This mark was equalled by both Norway and Germany at these Olympics. Norway set the record for most total medals at a single Winter Olympics with 39, surpassing the 37 medals of the United States won at the 2010 Winter Olympics. The mark of 30 NOCs winning medals is the highest for any Winter Olympic Games. Hungary won its first Winter Olympic gold medal ever. Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen (two gold, one silver, and two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617774", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nOlympics, France, would host a separate \"\"International Winter Sports Week\"\" under the patronage of the IOC. Chamonix was chosen to host this \"\"week\"\" (actually 11 days) of events. The Games proved to be a success when more than 250 athletes from 16 nations competed in 16 events. Athletes from Finland and Norway won 28 medals, more than the rest of the participating nations combined. Germany remained banned until 1925, and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the winter edition of 1922 (which predated the first Winter Olympics). In 1925 the IOC decided to create a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7746835", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nevent at the 1948 Games in Switzerland. It included cross-country skiing, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horse riding. The table below uses official data provided by the IOC. Bibliography Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7485787", "chunk_text": "Finland\nthe 1924 Summer Olympics, Finland, a nation then of only 3.2 million people, came second in the medal count. In the 1920s and 1930s, Finnish long-distance runners dominated the Olympics, with Paavo Nurmi winning a total of nine Olympic gold medals between 1920 and 1928 and setting 22 official world records between 1921 and 1931. Nurmi is often considered the greatest Finnish sportsman and one of the greatest athletes of all time. For over 100 years, Finnish male and female athletes have consistently excelled at the javelin throw. The event has brought Finland nine Olympic gold medals, five world championships,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617766", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nWinter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2227008", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics\"\nof them (the United States did not send full teams for the steeplechase, the racewalk, or the triple jump). The United States had finalists in every event except the triple jump. The team swept the medals in two events: the pole vault and the shot put. The United States won 32 medals overall, almost twice that of the next most successful nation (Finland). The 12 gold medals won by the Americans were two more than Finland won, putting the United States at the top of the leaderboard for the sport. Houser and Osborn were the most successful individuals, with two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19200169", "chunk_text": "\"1924 Winter Olympics\"\nsurrendering even a single goal against. Finding themselves in the same situation as Gillis Grafström, the Canadian ice-hockey team is the last ever to successfully defend its Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics. Canada would dominate ice hockey in early Olympic competition, winning six of the first seven gold medals awarded. At the closing of the games a prize was awarded for a sport that did not lend itself very well for tournaments: Pierre de Coubertin presented a prize for 'alpinisme' (mountaineering) to Charles Granville Bruce, the leader of the expedition that tried to climb Mount Everest in 1922.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10941178", "chunk_text": "\"Clas Thunberg\"\nClas Thunberg Arnold Clas (\"\"Classe\"\") Robert Thunberg (5 April 1893 – 28 April 1973) was a Finnish speed skater who won five Olympic gold medals – three at the inaugural Winter Olympics held in Chamonix in 1924 (along with a silver and a bronze medal) and two at the 1928 Winter Olympics held in St. Moritz. He was the most successful athlete at both of these Winter Olympics, sharing the honour for 1928 Winter Olympics with Johan Grøttumsbraaten of Norway. No other athlete ever won such a high fraction of all Olympic events at a single Games. He was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110346", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nnot enough snow to hold all the events until mid-January. Sonja Henie defended her Olympic title, and Eddie Eagan of the United States, who had been an Olympic champion in boxing in 1920, won the gold medal in the men's bobsleigh event to become the first, and so far only, Olympian to have won gold medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The German towns of Garmisch and Partenkirchen joined to organise the 1936 edition of the Winter Games, held on 6–16 February. This was the last time the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14482464", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Jewtraw\"\nCharles Jewtraw Charles Jewtraw (May 5, 1900 – January 26, 1996) was an American speed skater, who won the first gold medal (in the 500 m) at the first Winter Olympics in 1924; he finished eighth in the 1500 m and 13th in the 5000 m events. Jewtraw won national titles in 1921 and 1923 and held the national record in 100 yards at 9.4 seconds. After the 1924 Games he retired from competitions and moved to New York, where he became a representative for the Spalding Sporting Goods Company. Jewtraw moved to Palm Beach, Florida, where he died in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14819922", "chunk_text": "\"Anders Haugen\"\nAnders Haugen Anders Olsen Haugen (October 24, 1888 – April 14, 1984) was an American ski jumper who won four national ski jumping championships. He competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix and the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. Anders Haugen was the first and, as of 2016, only American to win an Olympic medal for ski jumping. Anders Olsen Haugen was born in Bø, Telemark, Norway. Anders Haugen and his brother Lars emigrated to the United States in 1909 and built a ski jumping hill with the Milwaukee Ski Club near Lake Nagawicka west of Milwaukee, Wisconsin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1105776", "chunk_text": "\"Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics – Men's 500 metres\"\nMoore's time by 0.6 second to move into first position with 11 skaters to go. Next to skate was the eventual silver medallist Norway's Oskar Olsen who crossed the line in 44.2 seconds. The defending world champion Clas Thunberg and Norway's Roald Larsen had to settle for sharing the bronze medal with a time of 44.8 seconds. The gold medal performance came from pair 15 where American Jewtraw was up against Charles Gorman. The Canadian took the lead, but was soon overtaken by Jewtraw finishing in a time of a 44 seconds flat. Jewtraw coming from a poor family found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4071888", "chunk_text": "\"Great Britain at the 1924 Winter Olympics\"\nGreat Britain at the 1924 Winter Olympics The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France. Based on medal count, this was Great Britain's best ever performance at a Winter Olympic Games until the 2014 games were held in Sochi in Russia. On February 3rd, Great Britain won two medals on one day. This was not to be bettered until the 2018 games when 3 medals were won on one day. The top two teams (highlighted) advanced to the medal round. Results from the group round (Canada-Sweden and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14482465", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Jewtraw\"\nJanuary 1996 at 95 years of age. He was married to Natalie, who died in November 1994. Jewtraw's gold medal is now located in the Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. Charles Jewtraw Charles Jewtraw (May 5, 1900 – January 26, 1996) was an American speed skater, who won the first gold medal (in the 500 m) at the first Winter Olympics in 1924; he finished eighth in the 1500 m and 13th in the 5000 m events. Jewtraw won national titles in 1921 and 1923 and held the national record in 100 yards at 9.4", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16983414", "chunk_text": "\"Carl Axel Pettersson\"\nCarl Axel Pettersson Carl Axel Fredrik Pettersson (13 April 1874 – 31 May 1962) was a Swedish curler who won a silver medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics. Pettersson was a manager of a clothing company and chairman of the Swedish association of the clothing industry. He was also Consul General for Hungary in Sweden and member of the Stockholm’s Council of the 50 Elders. He was awarded the Order of the Polar Star, the Order of Vasa and the Royal Hungarian Order of Merit, among other decorations. He was married to Kerstin, who died 17 years before him; they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5269714", "chunk_text": "\"All-time Olympic Games medal table\"\nsome of the entries in the preceding sections differently. For the 1900 Summer Olympics several countries are credited with appearances that are not considered official by the IOC. Only one of these cases concerns a medal. A gold medal that is officially added to France's total is given to Luxembourg. Similar cases of disputed nationality affect the 1904 Summer Olympics. France is credited with a silver medal and Norway with two gold medals. In the table above these medals are listed under the United States. Furthermore, Newfoundland is occasionally listed as a separate country at the 1904 Olympics, and would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14819926", "chunk_text": "\"Anders Haugen\"\nprostate cancer. Anders Haugen Anders Olsen Haugen (October 24, 1888 – April 14, 1984) was an American ski jumper who won four national ski jumping championships. He competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix and the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. Anders Haugen was the first and, as of 2016, only American to win an Olympic medal for ski jumping. Anders Olsen Haugen was born in Bø, Telemark, Norway. Anders Haugen and his brother Lars emigrated to the United States in 1909 and built a ski jumping hill with the Milwaukee Ski Club near Lake Nagawicka west of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110345", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\ncompetition at the age of 15. She became the youngest Olympic champion in history, a distinction she held for 70 years. The next Winter Olympics held in Lake Placid, New York, was the first to be hosted outside of Europe. Seventeen nations and 252 athletes participated. This was less than in 1928, as the journey to Lake Placid, United States, was long and expensive for most competitors, who had little money in the midst of the Great Depression. The athletes competed in fourteen events in four sports. Virtually no snow fell for two months before the Games, and there was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853338", "chunk_text": "\"1912 Summer Olympics medal table\"\n1912 Summer Olympics medal table The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 27 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports. The United States topped the gold medal count with 25 golds, while Sweden won the most overall medals. The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20102875", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Eagan\"\nEddie Eagan Edward Patrick Francis Eagan (April 26, 1897 – June 14, 1967) was an American sportsman who is notable as being the only person to win a gold medal at both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in different events. Eagan won his summer gold in boxing and his winter gold in four-man bobsled. Finally, Eagan is one of the few athletes who have competed in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games. Eagan was born into a modest family in Denver, Colorado. In 1920, he competed as a boxer at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, and won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13804787", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nbronze) achieved five medals, more than any other athlete. With 15 medals, she became the most decorated athlete in Winter Olympics history. Swedish cross-country skier Charlotte Kalla finished with four medals (one gold, three silver), as did her compatriot and fellow cross-country skier Stina Nilsson (one gold, two silvers, one bronze) and Russian cross-country skier Alexander Bolshunov (three silver, one bronze) who was competing for the Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Olympics. Norwegian cross-country skier Johannes Høsflot Klæbo and French biathlete Martin Fourcade tied for the most gold medals, with three each. Ester Ledecká of the Czech Republic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110343", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nidea was resurrected for the 1916 Games, which were to be held in Berlin, Germany. A winter sports week with speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey and Nordic skiing was planned, but the 1916 Olympics was cancelled after the outbreak of World War I. The first Olympics after the war, the 1920 Summer Olympics, were held in Antwerp, Belgium, and featured figure skating and an ice hockey tournament. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey were banned from competing in the Games. At the IOC Congress held the following year it was decided that the host nation of the 1924 Summer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110369", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nthan 2.5 million people Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to ever host a Winter Olympic Games. Over 2,500 athletes from 82 countries participated in 86 events. The death of Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili in a training run on the day of the opening ceremonies resulted in the Whistler Sliding Centre changing the track layout on safety grounds. Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen won five medals in the six cross-country events on the women's programme. She finished the Olympics with three golds, a silver and a bronze. For the first time, Canada won a gold medal at an Olympic Games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6856042", "chunk_text": "\"1912 Summer Olympics\"\nan Asian nation participated. Stockholm was the only bid for the games, and was selected in 1909. The games were the first to have art competitions, women's diving, women's swimming, and the first to feature both the decathlon and the new pentathlon, both won by Jim Thorpe. Electric timing was introduced in athletics, while the host country disallowed boxing. Figure skating was rejected by the organizers because they wanted to promote the Nordic Games. United States won the most gold medals (25), while Sweden won the most medals overall (65). Following the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, the authorities in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2889528", "chunk_text": "\"Per Kaufeldt\"\nSK. Later he developed an unexplained pain in his legs, which led to his death at the age 53. Per Kaufeldt Per Ludvig Gösta Kaufeldt (1 August 1902 – 21 March 1956) was a Swedish association football and bandy player. He who won a bronze medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics. Kaufeldt is the all-time top scorer of AIK, with 122 goals in 170 matches; he won the national football title with the club in 1923 and 1932 and a bandy title in 1931. Internationally, between 1921 and 1931 he played football (33 matches, 23 goals), ice hockey (6 matches,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18309450", "chunk_text": "\"1952 Winter Olympics medal table\"\n1952 Winter Olympics medal table The 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the \"\"VI Olympic Winter Games\"\", took place in Oslo, Norway, from 14 to 25 February 1952. A total of 694 athletes representing 30 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games, taking part in 22 events from 6 sports. From the thirteen NOCs that collected at least one medal, eight secured at least one gold. Ten NOCs won more than one medal, and among these, Norway was the most successful with sixteen medals, including seven golds. The United States (eleven medals, four golds) and Finland (nine medals, three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13658347", "chunk_text": "\"2002 Winter Olympics medal table\"\na total of 34 medals. Croatia and Estonia won the first medals and first Gold medals in their Winter Olympic history, while Australia and China won their first gold medals. Biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen of Norway won four gold medals, while Croatian alpine skier Janica Kostelić won three golds and a silver, making them the two athletes with the most medals at the Games. Due to various controversies, two extra gold medals were awarded. In the figure skating pairs competition, Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia were originally awarded the gold over Jamie Salé and David Pelletier of Canada.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2184882", "chunk_text": "\"Cross-country skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics\"\nCross-country skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics The 1936 Winter Olympics were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. The games began on February 6, 1936, and ended on February 16, 1936. There were three cross-country skiing events held, in which only men competed. There were 109 male competitors from 22 different nations. The youngest participant was 17-year-old Resat Erces from Turkey, while the oldest participant was Nils Backstrom from the United States of America at 34 years old. The athletes whom collected the most medals were Oddbjørn Hagen of Norway, and Erik Larsson of Sweden – each received two medals. Sweden collected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16983415", "chunk_text": "\"Carl Axel Pettersson\"\nhad three children. Carl Axel Pettersson Carl Axel Fredrik Pettersson (13 April 1874 – 31 May 1962) was a Swedish curler who won a silver medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics. Pettersson was a manager of a clothing company and chairman of the Swedish association of the clothing industry. He was also Consul General for Hungary in Sweden and member of the Stockholm’s Council of the 50 Elders. He was awarded the Order of the Polar Star, the Order of Vasa and the Royal Hungarian Order of Merit, among other decorations. He was married to Kerstin, who died 17 years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_108	what is the final season of downton abbey?	n/a	[ "the sixth", "sixth", "six", "the sixth series", "Six" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304411", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nboth ITV and PBS, and subsequently became the most successful British costume drama series since the 1981 television serial of \"\"Brideshead Revisited\"\". On 26 March 2015, Carnival Films and ITV announced that the sixth series would be the last. It aired on ITV between 20 September 2015 and 8 November 2015. The final episode, serving as the annual Christmas special, was broadcast on 25 December 2015. A film adaptation was confirmed on 13 July 2018. The first series, comprising seven episodes, explores the lives of the fictional Crawley family, the hereditary Earls of Grantham, and their domestic servants. The storyline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19459608", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (film)\"\nDownton Abbey (film) Downton Abbey is an upcoming British historical period drama film, written by Julian Fellowes and directed by Michael Engler. It is a continuation of the television series of the same name, created by Fellowes, that ran on ITV from 2010 to 2015. The film is scheduled to be released on 13 September 2019 in the United Kingdom, and one week later in the United States on 20 September. The film is a follow-up to the television series of the same name, which ended its original run in December 2015 after 52 episodes. In April 2016, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304489", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nFocus Features and Universal Pictures International. The film is scheduled for a UK release on 13 September 2019, with the US following one week later on 20 September 2019. Downton Abbey Downton Abbey is a British historical period drama television series set in the early 20th century, created by Julian Fellowes. The series first aired on ITV in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2010, and in the United States on PBS, which supported production of the series as part of its \"\"Masterpiece Classic\"\" anthology, on 9 January 2011. The series, set in the fictional Yorkshire country estate of Downton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19997624", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nDownton Abbey Downton Abbey is a British historical period drama television series set in the early 20th century, created by Julian Fellowes. The series first aired on ITV in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2010, and in the United States on PBS, which supported production of the series as part of its \"\"Masterpiece Classic\"\" anthology, on 9 January 2011. The series, set in the fictional Yorkshire country estate of Downton Abbey between 1912 and 1926, depicts the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family and their domestic servants in the post-Edwardian era—with the great events in history having an effect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161334", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nMary, but she puts him off when Lady Grantham becomes pregnant. Cora miscarries after O'Brien, believing she was to be fired, retaliates by kicking a broken bar of soap near the bathtub steps, making Cora slip and fall, killing her unborn child which had been a boy. The series ends just after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914. The second series comprises eight episodes and runs from the Battle of the Somme in 1916 to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. During the war, Downton Abbey is temporarily converted into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19997625", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\non their lives and on the British social hierarchy. Events depicted throughout the series include news of the sinking of the \"\"Titanic\"\" in the first series; the outbreak of the First World War, the Spanish influenza pandemic, and the Marconi scandal in the second series; the Irish War of Independence leading to the formation of the Irish Free State in the third series; the Teapot Dome scandal in the fourth series; and the British general election of 1923, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Beer Hall Putsch in the fifth series. The sixth and final series introduces the rise of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3433208", "chunk_text": "\"Episodes (TV series)\"\nto begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"\"Episode Seven\"\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"\"Episodes\"\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304433", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nis hired on Barrow's recommendation. During the annual Downton Abbey Christmas celebration, Tom Branson announces he is moving to America to work for his cousin, taking daughter Sybil with him. Mr Carson proposes marriage to Mrs Hughes and she accepts. In series six, covering the year 1925, changes are once again afoot at Downton Abbey as the middle class rises and more bankrupted aristocrats are forced to sell off their large estates. Downton must do more to ensure its future survival; reductions in staff are considered, forcing Barrow to look for a job elsewhere. Lady Mary defies a blackmailer, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3391981", "chunk_text": "\"George Yeardley\"\nby Bill Gallagher and produced by Carnival Films, the makers of Downton Abbey. The series premiered on Sky One in the United Kingdom in May 2017. Sky ordered a second series of Jamestown in May 2017, before the premiere of the first series. Series 2 aired from February 2018. The renewal of Jamestown for a third season was announced by Sky One on March 23, 2018. On July 24, 2018, archaeologists from Jamestown Rediscovery and the Smithsonian Institution announced the discovery of a prominent burial around 400 years old in an important spot within the church. Ground-penetrating radar confirmed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18534093", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (film)\"\nPercival, in addition to Nigel Marchant, would be an executive producer. Principal photography started in London in late August. By 20 September, some filming was under way at Highclere Castle, Hampshire, which had been the main location for the television series. Also in September, filming was under way in Lacock, Wiltshire, with Dame Maggie Smith, Hugh Bonneville, Elizabeth McGovern and Michelle Dockery as well as two new cast members, Imelda Staunton and Geraldine James; scenes shot in Lacock included a celebration with horses from the Royal Artillery. Filming concluded in November 2018. Original cast members including Hugh Bonneville, Elizabeth McGovern,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9530467", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (series 2)\"\nDownton Abbey (series 2) The second series of the British historical period drama television series \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" aired from 18 September 2011 to 6 November 2011, comprising a total of 8 episodes and one Christmas Special episode aired on 25 December 2011. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on ITV, and in the United States on PBS, starting on 8 January 2012. Series 2 explored the lives of the Crawley family and servants during and after the First World War. Series 2 received widespread acclaim, with critics praising its cast, historical depictions, and story's arc. The viewing figures significantly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19997626", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nthe working class during the interwar period and hints towards the eventual decline of the British aristocracy. \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" has received acclaim from television critics and won numerous accolades, including a Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries or Movie. It was recognised by \"\"Guinness World Records\"\" as the most critically acclaimed English-language television series of 2011. It earned the most nominations of any international television series in the history of the Primetime Emmy Awards, with twenty-seven in total (after two series). It was the most watched television series on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235245", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (film)\"\nonly briefly due to other commitments. Then, in September Jim Carter, Brendan Coyle, Kevin Doyle, Harry Hadden-Paton, Rob James-Collier, Allen Leech, Phyllis Logan, Sophie McShera, Lesley Nicol and Penelope Wilton were confirmed to be reprising their respective roles, with Max Brown joining in a new, undisclosed role. The film is scheduled for a UK release on 13 September 2019, with the US following one week later on 20 September 2019. Downton Abbey (film) Downton Abbey is an upcoming British historical period drama film, written by Julian Fellowes and directed by Michael Engler. It is a continuation of the television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19710413", "chunk_text": "\"The Halcyon\"\nwar and the impact it has on families, politics, relationships and work across every social strata.\"\" The first episode was broadcast on 2 January 2017, and the series concluded on 20 February 2017. Croucher called \"\"The Halcyon\"\" \"\"a similar beast\"\" to \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", although Left Bank Pictures founder and managing director Marigo Kehoe explained that the show had been in development \"\"for a long time\"\", and the development of the show came at a time when \"\"new ideas were needed\"\". Producer Chris Croucher added that \"\"Downton has a serenity to it, but the modern world is arriving in The Halcyon\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304471", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\n16 September 2012 with an average of 9 million viewers (or a 36% audience share). For the first time in the UK, episode three received an average of more than 10 million viewers (or a 38.2% audience share). Premiering in the US in January 2013, the third series had an average audience of 11.5 million viewers and the finale on 17 February 2013, drew 12.3 million viewers making it the night's highest rating show. Overall, during its seven-week run, the series had an audience of 24 million viewers making it PBS's highest-rated drama of all time. While rumoured, due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304428", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nand Tom begin a friendship, though Robert (Lord Grantham) despises her due to her openly vocal anti-aristocracy views. In the final Christmas special, Sampson, a card sharp, steals a letter from the Prince of Wales to his mistress, Rose's friend Freda Ward, which, if made public, would create a scandal; the entire Crawley family connives to retrieve it, though it is Bates who extracts the letter from Sampson's overcoat, and it is returned to Mrs Ward. In series five, covering the year 1924, a Russian exile, Prince Kuragin, wishes to renew his past affections for the Dowager Countess. Violet instead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161359", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nan oversight role. Edith and Bertie are married on New Year's Eve. Lady Rose and Atticus return for the wedding. Anna goes into labour during the reception, and she and Bates become parents to a healthy son. The series is set in fictional Downton Abbey, a Yorkshire country house, which is the home and seat of the Earl and Countess of Grantham, along with their children and distant family members. Each series follows the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family, their friends, and their servants during the reign of King George V. The main cast of the Crawley family is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304461", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nTélé. In Australia, the first series was broadcast on the Seven Network beginning on 29 May 2011; the second series was broadcast beginning on 20 May 2012; and the third series beginning on 10 February 2013. In New Zealand, Prime began airing the first series on 10 May 2011, the second series on 18 October 2011 and the third series on 18 October 2012. In Ireland, independent television channel TV3 aired the first series in January and February 2011. The series has been noted for its relatively sympathetic portrayal of the aristocratic family and the class-based society of early 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17908145", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (series 2)\"\nthe biggest development, Downton Abbey becomes a convalescent home for wounded officers. Upstairs Downstairs A 46-minute documentary compiled in anticipation of the Christmas 2011 two-hour special broadcast, \"\"Behind the Drama\"\" features behind-the-scenes footage from the filming of the series and short interviews with Julian Fellowes, the writer, actors (Elizabeth McGovern, Joanne Froggatt, Brendan Coyle, Dan Stevens, Michelle Dockery, Jessica Brown Findlay, Laura Carmichael, Penelope Wilton, Phyllis Logan, Thomas Howes, Lesley Nicol, Sophie McShera, Allen Leech), and other members of the team that produces \"\"Downton Abbey\"\". It was shown in the United Kingdom at 7:30 pm on Wednesday 21 December 2011", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2973271", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (film)\"\nMichelle Dockery, Laura Carmichael and Maggie Smith, were confirmed to return as their characters from the series, with Joanne Froggatt confirming her involvement in a separate announcement. Actress Lily James, who played Lady Rose MacClare, stated she would not be reprising her role for the film, as did Ed Speleers who played footman James Kent. An August announcement indicated that newcomers Imelda Staunton, Geraldine James, Tuppence Middleton, Simon Jones, David Haig, Kate Phillips, and Stephen Campbell Moore would be among the cast of the film. Matthew Goode, who played Lady Mary's husband Henry Talbot in the final series, will appear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304486", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nMary Crawley, who cannot inherit the estate because it must pass to a male heir. The decor used on \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" inspired US Representative Aaron Schock to redecorate his congressional offices in a more luxurious style. He repaid the $40,000 cost of redecoration following scrutiny of his expenses and questions about his use of public money for personal benefit, and subsequently resigned in March 2015. \"\"The World of Downton Abbey\"\", a book featuring a behind-the-scenes look at \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" and the era in which it is set, was released on 15 September 2011. It was written by Jessica Fellowes (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304488", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nManor', which is remarkably similar to Downton Abbey. Julian Fellowes' \"\"The Gilded Age\"\" is set to debut on NBC in 2019, portraying New York in the 1880s and how its old New York society coped with the influx of newly wealthy families. While a separate series, a young Violet, Countess of Grantham could make an appearance on the new show. On 13 July 2018, a feature length film was confirmed, with production to commence mid-2018. The film is written by Julian Fellowes and is a continuation of the TV series, with direction by Brian Percival and will be distributed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12474986", "chunk_text": "\"Carnival Films\"\nEight\"\" starring Bill Nighy, Rachel Weisz, Michael Gambon and Ralph Fiennes; landmark four-part drama \"\"Any Human Heart\"\" starring Jim Broadbent, Matthew MacFadyen, Hayley Atwell and Kim Cattrall; \"\"The Hollow Crown\"\", a BBC adaptation of Shakespeare's history plays starring Tom Hiddleston, Ben Whishaw and Jeremy Irons; \"\"The Last Weekend\"\", a three-part adaptation of Blake Morrison's novel; and \"\"Whitechapel\"\" for ITV. Carnival's biggest hit, both critically and commercially, is \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", written and co-produced by Julian Fellowes. Its final episode aired on 25 December 2015. Carnival Films has won a wide variety of awards for its work on Television, Film and Stage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16239379", "chunk_text": "\"Siobhan Finneran\"\nof the aristocratic Crawley family and their domestic servants. Upon its transmission, \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" received extensive critical acclaim, and strong viewing figures in both the UK and America. During her time on the show, the \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 (for series 2), and were nominated also in 2013 (for series 3). Finneran announced her departure in March 2013, ahead of the fourth series, explaining that she had been signed for only three series and did not wish to extend her contract, adding: \"\"When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19997659", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nthe series as Tom Branson the chauffeur but falls in love with Lady Sybil, marries her and becomes the agent for the estate. Joining the cast in series three is Lily James as the Lady Rose MacClare (Aldridge), a second cousin through Violet's family, who is sent to live with the Crawleys because her parents are serving the empire in India and, later, remains there because of family problems. David Robb portrays Dr. Richard Clarkson, the local town doctor. Other suitors for Lady Mary's affections during the series include Tom Cullen as Lord Gillingham, Julian Ovenden as Charles Blake, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304472", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nthe departure of actor Dan Stevens, the death of Matthew Crawley, in the 2012 Christmas special, drew criticism. Lord Fellowes defended the decision stating that they 'didn't really have an option' once Stevens decided to leave. Stevens later said that he had no say in the manner of his character's departure but that he was 'sorry' his character had died on Christmas Day. The fourth series premiered in the UK on 22 September 2013 with an average audience of 9.5 million viewers—the highest ever for one of the drama's debut episodes. It premiered in the US on 5 January 2014,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528353", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nreleased on March 30, 2018, and consisted of ten episodes that adapt books five through nine of the novel series. The television series was also renewed for a third and final season, which will air in early 2019 and will also adapt the four remaining books(The Slippery Slope, The Grim Grotto,The Penultimate Peril, and The End. The last season will have 7 episodes, The End only being one episode instead of the standard two episodes. (It is assumed Handler will remain on as screenwriter of the new seasons. \"\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" is a film adaptation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11942872", "chunk_text": "\"Alert Ready\"\nand mispronunciations of community names. On March 6, 2016, Alert Ready was used to distribute an AMBER Alert in Ontario relating to an alleged kidnapping of a child in Orillia (the child's father was actually picking up the child after they had run from home). Viewers felt that the frequent notifications (especially as it occurred during the U.S. airing of the series finale of \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", seen via PBS stations carried in Canada) with full-screen messages and alarm sounds as being disruptive, in comparison to the previous, voluntary practice of Canadian broadcasters displaying AMBER Alert messages on tickers. At the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440492", "chunk_text": "\"Scandal (season 7)\"\nScandal (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American television drama series \"\"Scandal\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for \"\"Scandal\"\". The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12579974", "chunk_text": "Shondaland\npremiered in 2012 and 2014, respectively, with the latter still in production, and the former airing its final episode on April 19, 2018. The comedy-driven crime drama \"\"The Catch\"\" aired for two seasons and received generally positive reviews from critics. The period drama \"\"Still Star-Crossed\"\" premiered on May 29, 2017, and was cancelled after one season. The legal drama \"\"For the People\"\", created by Paul William Davies and set to premiere in the 2017–18 television season, is the eighth television series produced by Shondaland. It was announced on January 3, 2018 that \"\"Scandal\"\" and \"\"How to Get Away With Murder\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19696243", "chunk_text": "\"A Place to Call Home (TV series)\"\n19 August 2018 and the final episode aired 21 October 2018. When Seven Network revealed its new television series lineup for 2012, \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" was mentioned alongside other titles. Seven Network's Angus Ross said that it would potentially premiere in late 2012, but would not be rushed to air by a certain date unless \"\"casting and other elements\"\" were right. The first season of \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" consisted of thirteen episodes. The pilot episode was originally broadcast on 28 April 2013, in the 8:30 pm time slot (previously occupied by \"\"Downton Abbey\"\"). Shortly after airing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17267289", "chunk_text": "\"Mr Selfridge\"\n\"\"Downton Abbey\"\". The programme has been distributed internationally by ITV Studios' Global Entertainment brand. ITV sold the series to a number countries at the 2012 Mipcom event. In addition they have pre-sold the show to Australia's Seven Network and the satellite television provider, Yes, in Israel. In the Netherlands, Series 1 was aired starting August, 2013 and series 2 was aired from July 2014. In Sweden \"\"Mr Selfridge\"\" was aired at the public service network SVT. The last two episodes of season 4 were aired as a double on 25 June 2016 on SVT1. Mr Selfridge Mr Selfridge is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17908151", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (series 2)\"\nmore contrived and inconsistent than it was in its first season.\"\" In a less enthusiastic review for the \"\"Washington Post\"\", Hank Stuever quipped, \"\"\"\"Downton Abbey\"\" lacks surprise and is stretched precariously thin, a house full of fascinating people with not nearly enough to do, all caught in a loop of weak storylines that circle round but never fully propel.\"\" <div class=\"\"noprint\"\"> Downton Abbey (series 2) The second series of the British historical period drama television series \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" aired from 18 September 2011 to 6 November 2011, comprising a total of 8 episodes and one Christmas Special episode aired on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16925528", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (series 2)\"\nand narrated by Hugh Bonneville. 4.5 million people watched the show. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Filming began in March 2011. The scripts were written by series creator Julian Fellowes. Episodes were directed by Ashley Pearce, Andy Goddard, Brian Kelly, and James Strong. Cal Macaninch, Iain Glen, Amy Nuttall, Zoe Boyle, and Maria Doyle Kennedy joined the cast as the new valet Lang, Sir Richard Carlisle, the new housemaid Ethel, Lavinia Swire, and John Bates' wife Vera, respectively. Nigel Havers and Sharon Small appeared in the Christmas Special as Lord Hepworth and Marigold Shore, Rosamund Painswick's maid, respectively. Series two was highly acclaimed. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6098620", "chunk_text": "\"The Doctor Falls\"\nTexas. Missy calls the human community \"\"the Waltons\"\", a reference to the American TV series \"\"The Waltons\"\", a show about a farming family with several children during the Great Depression. The read through for this episode took place on 21 February 2017. On 6 March 2017 the BBC stated that the work on the final two episodes of the series had begun, \"\"World Enough and Time\"\" and this episode, with Rachel Talalay returning to direct her third consecutive series finale. Filming for the episodes and the series as a whole concluded on 7 April 2017. The final scene involving David", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18238475", "chunk_text": "\"Poldark (2015 TV series)\"\non the fifth and half of the sixth novels. The fourth series began airing on 10 June 2018. Filming for the final fifth series started in September 2018. In the late 18th century, Ross Poldark returns from the American War of Independence to his home in Cornwall after three years in the army. Upon his return home, he discovers his father has died, his estate in ruins and in debt, and his childhood sweetheart Elizabeth is engaged to his cousin Francis. In town, Ross encounters a young woman named Demelza, dressed as a boy. After learning that her father beats", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4659406", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Stevens\"\nat the Duke of York's Theatre. In 2010, Stevens got his biggest break when he was cast as Matthew Crawley in the ITV series \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", created and written by Oscar-winning screenwriter Julian Fellowes. The series went on to be a global sensation and has been nominated for several Emmy, BAFTA, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards since its debut. The central love story of Matthew Crawley and his distant cousin, Lady Mary Crawley, played by Michelle Dockery, was enormously popular. Stevens left the series after finishing the third season and the Christmas Special in 2012. His exit caused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "412681", "chunk_text": "\"Packed to the Rafters\"\nThe season finale aired 16 November 2010. Season three's storylines included: The fourth season premiered on 8 February 2011. The season finale aired 20 March 2012. Season four's storylines included: The fifth season premiered on 17 April 2012. The season finale aired 16 April 2013. Season five's storylines included: The sixth and final season premiered on 23 April 2013. The series finale aired 2 July 2013. Season six's storylines included: Recurring and minor guest stars have included Melanie Vallejo, Lieschen Pogue, Denise Roberts, Phoebe Tonkin, Iain PF McDonald and Bernard Curry. Kate Ceberano and David Campbell have appeared as themselves.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18534092", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey (film)\"\nrevealed that a film adaptation was being considered, with Julian Fellowes working on an outline plot. A script was distributed to original cast members early in 2017. On 13 July 2018, the producers confirmed that a feature-length film would be made, with production commencing mid-2018. The script was written by Fellowes, with direction expected to be by Brian Percival; producers include Fellowes, Gareth Neame and Liz Trubridge. The film will be distributed by Focus Features and Universal Pictures International. In late August 2018, it was reported that Percival had stepped down as director and Michael Engler took on this job.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17863510", "chunk_text": "\"Halt and Catch Fire (TV series)\"\nviewers. AMC renewed \"\"Halt and Catch Fire\"\" for a fourth and final season of ten episodes on October 10, 2016. The final season began with a two-hour premiere on August 19, 2017, and concluded with a two-hour series finale on October 14, 2017. Halt and Catch Fire (TV series) Halt and Catch Fire is an American period drama television series created by Christopher Cantwell and Christopher C. Rogers that aired on AMC from June 1, 2014, to October 14, 2017. Taking place over a period of ten years, the series depicts a fictionalized insider's view of the personal computer revolution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409555", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nthe series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16933715", "chunk_text": "\"Season finale\"\nSeason finale A season finale (British English: last in the series; Australian English: season final) is the final episode of a season of a television program. This is often the final episode to be produced for a few months or longer, and, as such, will try to attract viewers to continue watching when the series begins again. A season finale may contain a cliffhanger ending to be resolved in the next season. Alternatively, a season finale could bring storylines to a close, \"\"going out on a high\"\" and similarly maintaining interest in the series' eventual return. In the 2000s, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18499696", "chunk_text": "\"Reign (season 4)\"\nReign (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Reign\"\", an American historical fantasy, premiered on February 10, 2017. The series, created by Stephanie SenGupta and Laurie McCarthy, airs on The CW. On December 7, 2016 the CW announced that this would be the final season and would consist of 16 episodes. The season has Mary returned to Scotland and trying to regain power in her homeland. She has to manage her allies, such as her bastard half-brother James and the outspoken Lord Bothwell, as well as her enemies, such as the Protestant preacher John Knox. Tensions mount between Mary and Elizabeth,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304460", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nepisode's structure to accommodate fitting the programme precisely into the running-times allotted. PBS also added a host (Laura Linney), who introduced each episode, explaining matters such as \"\"the entail\"\" and \"\"Buccaneers\"\" for the benefit of U.S. viewers, which was labelled by some American critics as condescending. PBS editing for broadcasts in the United States continued in the subsequent seasons. The fifth began airing in the United States on 4 January 2015. In Canada, VisionTV began airing the programme on 7 September 2011. Canadian audiences could also view the series on PBS. Downton Abbey was aired in French on Ici Radio-Canada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20473574", "chunk_text": "\"Over a Cliff\"\nOver a Cliff \"\"Over a Cliff\"\" is the series finale of the American political drama television series \"\"Scandal\"\", which premiered in the United States on April 19, 2018 on ABC. The eighteenth episode of the seventh season and the 124th episode overall, it was directed by Tom Verica and written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes. According to Nielsen Media Research, it was watched by 5.46 million Americans, acquiring a 1.3/5 rating/share in the 18–49 age range demographic. Kerry Washington stars as female lead Olivia Pope, who convinces her colleagues to confess every crime they committed, including the existence of the top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "277724", "chunk_text": "\"The Tudors\"\nShowtime on 30 March 2008, and on BBC 2 on 1 August 2008. Production on Season Three began on 16 June 2008 in Bray, County Wicklow Ireland, and that season premiered on Showtime on 5 April 2009, and debuted in Canada on CBC on 30 September 2009. The day after broadcast, downloadable episodes debuted in Canada on MoboVivo. Showtime announced 13 April 2009, that it had renewed the show for a fourth and final season. The network ordered 10 episodes that were first broadcast on 11 April 2010. The series finale was broadcast on 20 June 2010. The final season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304423", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nhouse. After Matthew's reluctance to accept an inheritance from Lavinia's recently deceased father and then Robert's reluctance in turn to accept that inheritance as a gift, Matthew and Robert reach a compromise in which Matthew accepts and uses the inheritance to invest in Downton, giving him an equal say in how the estate is run. Tragedy strikes when Sybil dies from eclampsia shortly after giving birth. Tom, devastated, names his daughter Sybil after his late wife. Bates is released from prison after Anna uncovers evidence clearing him of his wife's murder. Tom becomes the new estate agent at the suggestion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9202869", "chunk_text": "\"The Middle (season 9)\"\nThe Middle (season 9) The ninth and final season of the television comedy series \"\"The Middle\"\" began on October 3, 2017, on ABC in the United States. It was produced by Blackie and Blondie Productions and Warner Bros. Television with series creators DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler as executive producers. On August 2, 2017, it was announced that the ninth season would be the series' last, at request of the series' creators. The season was dubbed as \"\"The Farewell Season\"\" and ran for 24 episodes. The show is about a working class family led by Frances \"\"Frankie\"\" Heck (Patricia Heaton),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20304463", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nthe show is simply more balanced than most period dramas, which he believes have had a tendency to demonise or ridicule upper class characters. He wrote that \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" shows \"\"there is no inherent need for good TV to be left of center. Stories sympathetic to virtue, preservation of property and admiration of nobility and of wealth can be told beautifully and to wide audiences.\"\" \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" has been a commercial success and received general acclaim from critics, although some criticise it as superficial, melodramatic or unrealistic. Others defend these qualities as the reason for the show's appeal. David Kamp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161338", "chunk_text": "\"Downton Abbey\"\nwar by making himself as useful as possible. Lavinia dies abruptly, which causes great guilt to both Matthew and Mary. Bates is found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. When the sentence is commuted to life in prison, a servants ball is rescheduled and Mary and Matthew finally find their way to a marriage proposal on a snowy evening outside the Abbey. Lady Sybil, the youngest Crawley daughter, begins to find her aristocratic life stifling, falls in love with Tom Branson, the new chauffeur of Irish descent with strong socialist leanings, but is talked out of elopement by her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_109	which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?	n/a	[ "regulatory site" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4147640", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\nStructures) however allows the comparison of active sites in more detail and the finding of structural similarity using software. An allosteric site is a site on an enzyme, unrelated to its active site, which can bind an effector molecule. This interaction is another mechanism of enzyme regulation. Allosteric modification usually happens in proteins with more than one subunit. Allosteric interactions are often present in metabolic pathways and are beneficial in that they allow one step of a reaction to regulate another step. They allow an enzyme to have a range of molecular interactions, other than the highly specific active site.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851324", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nAllosteric regulation In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the \"\"allosteric site\"\" or \"\"regulatory site\"\". Allosteric sites allow effectors to bind to the protein, often resulting in a conformational change involving protein dynamics. Effectors that enhance the protein's activity are referred to as \"\"allosteric activators\"\", whereas those that decrease the protein's activity are called \"\"allosteric inhibitors\"\". Allosteric regulations are a natural example of control loops, such as feedback from downstream products", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14150112", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nor less active by redistributing the ensemble between the higher affinity and lower affinity states. The binding sites for heterotropic effectors, called allosteric sites, are usually separate from the active site yet thermodynamically coupled. Allosteric Database (ASD, http://mdl.shsmu.edu.cn/ASD) provides a central resource for the display, search and analysis of the structure, function and related annotation for allosteric molecules, including allosteric enzymes and their modulators. Each enzyme is annotated with detailed description of allostery, biological process and related diseases, and each modulator with binding affinity, physicochemical properties and therapeutic area. Hemoglobin, though not an enzyme, is the canonical example of an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1857612", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nLong-range allostery is especially important in cell signaling. Allosteric regulation is also particularly important in the cell's ability to adjust enzyme activity. The term \"\"allostery\"\" comes from the Greek \"\"allos\"\" (ἄλλος), \"\"other,\"\" and \"\"stereos\"\" (στερεὀς), \"\"solid (object).\"\" This is in reference to the fact that the regulatory site of an allosteric protein is physically distinct from its active site. The protein catalyst (enzyme) may be part of a multi-subunit complex, and/or may transiently or permanently associate with a Cofactor (e.g. adenosine triphosphate). Catalysis of biochemical reactions is vital due to the very low reaction rates of the uncatalysed reactions. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851349", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nprimary site of interest. These residues can broadly be classified as surface- and interior-allosteric amino acids. Allosteric sites at the surface generally play regulatory roles that are fundamentally distinct from those within the interior; surface residues may serve as receptors or effector sites in allosteric signal transmission, whereas those within the interior may act to transmit such signals. Allosteric regulation In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the \"\"allosteric site\"\" or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1857610", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nAllosteric enzyme Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in an apparent change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site. This \"\"action at a distance\"\" through binding of one ligand affecting the binding of another at a distinctly different site, is the essence of the allosteric concept. Allostery plays a crucial role in many fundamental biological processes, including but not limited to cell signaling and the regulation of metabolism. Allosteric enzymes need not be oligomers as previously thought, and in fact many systems have demonstrated allostery within single enzymes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8421001", "chunk_text": "Enzyme\nenzyme's function. For example, different conformations of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase are associated with the substrate binding, catalysis, cofactor release, and product release steps of the catalytic cycle. Allosteric sites are pockets on the enzyme, distinct from the active site, that bind to molecules in the cellular environment. These molecules then cause a change in the conformation or dynamics of the enzyme that is transduced to the active site and thus affects the reaction rate of the enzyme. In this way, allosteric interactions can either inhibit or activate enzymes. Allosteric interactions with metabolites upstream or downstream in an enzyme's metabolic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1857611", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nIn biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the \"\"allosteric site\"\". Allosteric sites allow effectors to bind to the protein, often resulting in a conformational change involving protein dynamics. Effectors that enhance the protein's activity are referred to as \"\"allosteric activators\"\", whereas those that decrease the protein's activity are called \"\"allosteric inhibitors\"\". Allosteric regulations are a natural example of control loops, such as feedback from downstream products or feedforward from upstream substrates.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4147609", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\nActive site In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site). Although the active site is small relative to the whole volume of the enzyme (it only occupies 10~20% of the total volume), it is the most important part of the enzyme as it directly catalyzes the chemical reaction. It usually consists of three to four amino acids, while other amino acids within", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4147641", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\nActive site In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site). Although the active site is small relative to the whole volume of the enzyme (it only occupies 10~20% of the total volume), it is the most important part of the enzyme as it directly catalyzes the chemical reaction. It usually consists of three to four amino acids, while other amino acids within", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14150113", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nallosteric protein molecule - and one of the earliest to have its crystal structure solved (by Max Perutz). More recently, the \"\"E. coli\"\" enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase) has become another good example of allosteric regulation. The kinetic properties of allosteric enzymes are often explained in terms of a conformational change between a low-activity, low-affinity \"\"tense\"\" or T state and a high-activity, high-affinity \"\"relaxed\"\" or R state. These structurally distinct enzyme forms have been shown to exist in several known allosteric enzymes. However the molecular basis for conversion between the two states is not well understood. Two main models have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851333", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nto living in the macrophages of humans. The enzyme's sites serve as a communication between different substrates. Specifically between AMP and G6P. Sites like these also serve as a sensing mechanism for the enzyme's performance. Positive allosteric modulation (also known as \"\"allosteric activation\"\") occurs when the binding of one ligand enhances the attraction between substrate molecules and other binding sites. An example is the binding of oxygen molecules to hemoglobin, where oxygen is effectively both the substrate and the effector. The allosteric, or \"\"other\"\", site is the active site of an adjoining protein subunit. The binding of oxygen to one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17399970", "chunk_text": "\"Binding site\"\nas opposed to oxygen in hemoglobin. Uncompetitive inhibitors, alternatively, bind concurrently with substrate at active sites. Upon binding to an enzyme substrate (ES) complex, an enzyme substrate inhibitor (ESI) complex is formed. Similar to competitive inhibitors, the rate at product formation is decreased also. Lastly, mixed inhibitors are able to bind to both the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. However, in contrast to competitive and uncompetitive inhibitors, mixed inhibitors bind to the allosteric site. Allosteric binding induces conformational changes that may increase the protein's affinity for substrate. This phenomenon is called positive modulation. Conversely, allosteric binding that decreases the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1857613", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nkey driver of protein evolution is the optimization of such catalytic activities via protein dynamics. Whereas enzymes without coupled domains/subunits display normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics, most allosteric enzymes have multiple coupled domains/subunits and show cooperative binding. Generally speaking, such cooperativity results in allosteric enzymes displaying a sigmoidal dependence on the concentration of their substrates in positively cooperative systems. This allows most allosteric enzymes to greatly vary catalytic output in response to small changes in effector concentration. Effector molecules, which may be the substrate itself (homotropic effectors) or some other small molecule (heterotropic effector), may cause the enzyme to become more active", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851325", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nor feedforward from upstream substrates. Long-range allostery is especially important in cell signaling. Allosteric regulation is also particularly important in the cell's ability to adjust enzyme activity. The term \"\"allostery\"\" comes from the Ancient Greek \"\"allos\"\" (), \"\"other\"\", and \"\"stereos\"\" (), \"\"solid (object)\"\". This is in reference to the fact that the regulatory site of an allosteric protein is physically distinct from its active site. Many allosteric effects can be explained by the \"\"concerted\"\" MWC model put forth by Monod, Wyman, and Changeux, or by the sequential model described by Koshland, Nemethy, and Filmer. Both postulate that protein subunits exist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851331", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\na system's statistical ensemble so that it can be analyzed with the allostery landscape model. Allosteric modulation is used to alter the activity of molecules and enzymes in biochemistry and pharmacology. For comparison, a typical drug is made to bind to the active site of an enzyme which thus prohibits binding of a substrate to that enzyme causing a decrease in enzyme activity. Allosteric modulation occurs when an effector binds to an allosteric site (also known as a regulatory site) of an enzyme and alters the enzyme activity. Allosteric modulators are designed to fit the allosteric site to cause a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12125543", "chunk_text": "\"Enzyme kinetics\"\nactive sites. Here, the mechanism of cooperation is similar to that of hemoglobin, with binding of substrate to one active site altering the affinity of the other active sites for substrate molecules. Positive cooperativity occurs when binding of the first substrate molecule \"\"increases\"\" the affinity of the other active sites for substrate. Negative cooperativity occurs when binding of the first substrate \"\"decreases\"\" the affinity of the enzyme for other substrate molecules. Allosteric enzymes include mammalian tyrosyl tRNA-synthetase, which shows negative cooperativity, and bacterial aspartate transcarbamoylase and phosphofructokinase, which show positive cooperativity. Cooperativity is surprisingly common and can help regulate the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14150115", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\ncan bind more ligands more easily i.e. every time it binds a ligand it wants to bind another one. Neither model fully explains allosteric binding, however. The recent combined use of physical techniques (for example, x-ray crystallography and solution small angle x-ray scattering or SAXS) and genetic techniques (site-directed mutagenesis or SDM) may improve our understanding of allostery. Allosteric enzyme Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in an apparent change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site. This \"\"action at a distance\"\" through binding of one ligand affecting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851346", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nto large cooperativities. Most common is such a direct interaction between ions in receptors for ion-pairs. This cooperatitiy is often also referred to as allostery, even though conformational changes here are not necessarily triggering binding events. Allostery is a direct and efficient means for regulation of biological macromolecule function, produced by the binding of a ligand at an allosteric site topographically distinct from the orthosteric site. Due to the often high receptor selectivity and lower target-based toxicity, allosteric regulation is also expected to play an increasing role in drug discovery and bioengineering. The AlloSteric Database (ASD, http://mdl.shsmu.edu.cn/ASD) provides a central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794759", "chunk_text": "Enzyme\nrange from just 62 amino acid residues, for the monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, to over 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase. Only a small portion of their structure (around 2–4 amino acids) is directly involved in catalysis: the catalytic site. This catalytic site is located next to one or more binding sites where residues orient the substrates. The catalytic site and binding site together comprise the enzyme's active site. The remaining majority of the enzyme structure serves to maintain the precise orientation and dynamics of the active site. In some enzymes, no amino acids are directly involved in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8420995", "chunk_text": "Enzyme\ncatalysis; instead, the enzyme contains sites to bind and orient catalytic cofactors. Enzyme structures may also contain allosteric sites where the binding of a small molecule causes a conformational change that increases or decreases activity. A small number of RNA-based biological catalysts called ribozymes exist, which again can act alone or in complex with proteins. The most common of these is the ribosome which is a complex of protein and catalytic RNA components. Enzymes must bind their substrates before they can catalyse any chemical reaction. Enzymes are usually very specific as to what substrates they bind and then the chemical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4147611", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\nenzymes. An active site can catalyse a reaction repeatedly as residues are not altered at the end of the reaction (they may change during the reaction, but are regenerated by the end). This process is achieved by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, so more substrates have enough energy to undergo reaction. Usually, an enzyme molecule has only two active sites, and the active sites fit with one specific type of substrate. An active site contains a binding site that binds the substrate and orients it for catalysis. The orientation of the substrate and the close proximity between it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851336", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nwhich negative allosteric modulation can be seen is between ATP and the enzyme phosphofructokinase within the negative feedback loop that regulates glycolysis. Phosphofructokinase (generally referred to as PFK) is an enzyme that catalyses the third step of glycolysis: the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. PFK can be allosterically inhibited by high levels of ATP within the cell. When ATP levels are high, ATP will bind to an allosteoric site on phosphofructokinase, causing a change in the enzyme's three-dimensional shape. This change causes its affinity for substrate (fructose-6-phosphate and ATP) at the active site to decrease, and the enzyme is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794768", "chunk_text": "Enzyme\nare tightly bound to an enzyme. Organic prosthetic groups can be covalently bound (e.g., biotin in enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase). An example of an enzyme that contains a cofactor is carbonic anhydrase, which is shown in the ribbon diagram above with a zinc cofactor bound as part of its active site. These tightly bound ions or molecules are usually found in the active site and are involved in catalysis. For example, flavin and heme cofactors are often involved in redox reactions. Enzymes that require a cofactor but do not have one bound are called \"\"apoenzymes\"\" or \"\"apoproteins\"\". An enzyme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10588257", "chunk_text": "\"Regulatory enzyme\"\nfunction through reversible, non-covalent binding of a regulatory metabolite in the allosteric site (which is not the active site). When bound, these metabolites do not participate in catalysis directly, but they are still essential: they lead to conformational changes in a concrete part of the enzyme. These changes affect the overall conformation of the active site, causing modifications on the activity of the reaction. Properties Allosteric enzymes are generally larger in mass than other enzymes. Different from having a single subunit enzyme, in this case they are composed of multiple subunits, which contain active sites and regulatory molecule binding sites.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715516", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\nand the active site is so important that in some cases the enzyme can still function properly even though all other parts are mutated and lose function. Initially, the reaction between the active site and the substrate is non-covalent and temporal. There are four important kinds of interaction that hold the substrate in a right orientation and form an enzyme-substrate complex(ES complex): hydrogen bond, Van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic force. The charges distribution on the substrate and active site must be complementary, which means all positive and negative charges must be cancelled out. Otherwise, there will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17399973", "chunk_text": "\"Binding site\"\nto bind to a second substrate. Regulatory site ligands can involve homotropic and heterotropic ligands, in which single or multiple types of molecule affects enzyme activity respectively. Enzymes that are highly regulated are often essential in metabolic pathways. For example, phosphofructokinase (PFK), which phosphorylates fructose in glycolysis, is largely regulated by ATP. Its regulation in glycolysis is imperative because it is the committing and rate limiting step of the pathway. PFK also controls the amount of glucose designated to form ATP through the catabolic pathway. Therefore, at sufficient levels of ATP, PFK is allosterically inhibited by ATP. This regulation efficiently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715521", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\nsolvent cannot enter active site. In the end, the active site may manipulate the Molecular orbital of the substrate into a suitable orientation to reduce activation energy. The electrostatic states of substrate and active site must be complementary to each other. A polarized negatively charged amino acid side chain will repel uncharged substrate. But if the transition state involves the formation of a ion centre then the side chain will now produce a favourable interaction. Many enzymes including serine protease, cysteine protease, protein kinase and phosphatase evolved to form transient covalent bonds between them and their substrates to lower the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11878602", "chunk_text": "\"AP site\"\none phosphoester bond, creating a nick in the backbone of the helix. The breakage can be either 3' or 5' of the site, depending on the variant of the enzyme. End processing enzymes then prepare the site for nick for ligation, which is performed by DNA polymerase. The base inserted into the nick is determined by the corresponding base on the opposite strand. The nick is then sealed by DNA ligase. AP site In biochemistry and molecular genetics, an AP site (apurinic/apyrimidinic site), also known as an abasic site, is a location in DNA (also in RNA but much less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9360394", "chunk_text": "ATPase\nATPase ATPases (, \"\"adenylpyrophosphatase\"\", \"\"ATP monophosphatase\"\", \"\"triphosphatase\"\", \"\"SV40 T-antigen\"\", \"\"adenosine 5'-triphosphatase\"\", \"\"ATP hydrolase\"\", \"\"complex V (mitochondrial electron transport)\"\", \"\"(Ca + Mg)-ATPase\"\", \"\"HCO-ATPase\"\", \"\"adenosine triphosphatase\"\") are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reactions that would not otherwise occur. This process is widely used in all known forms of life. Some such enzymes are integral membrane proteins (anchored within biological membranes), and move solutes across the membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. These are called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14150114", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric enzyme\"\nproposed to describe this mechanism: the \"\"concerted model\"\" of Monod, Wyman, and Changeux, and the \"\"sequential model\"\" of Koshland, Nemethy, and Filmer. In the concerted model, the protein is thought to have two “all-or-none” global states. This model is supported by positive cooperativity where binding of one ligand increases the ability of the enzyme to bind to more ligands. The model is not supported by negative cooperativity where losing one ligand make it easier for the enzyme to lose more. In the sequential model there are many different global conformational/energy states. Binding of one ligand changes the enzyme so it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8420991", "chunk_text": "Enzyme\nin 1965. This high-resolution structure of lysozyme marked the beginning of the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail. An enzyme's name is often derived from its substrate or the chemical reaction it catalyzes, with the word ending in \"\"-ase\"\". Examples are lactase, alcohol dehydrogenase and DNA polymerase. Different enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction are called isozymes. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology have developed a nomenclature for enzymes, the EC numbers; each enzyme is described by a sequence of four numbers preceded by \"\"EC\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19815270", "chunk_text": "\"Competitive inhibition\"\nbind either the inhibitor or the substrate but never both at the same time. For example, allosteric inhibitors may display competitive, non-competitive, or uncompetitive inhibition. In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor that resembles the normal substrate binds to the enzyme, usually at the active site, and prevents the substrate from binding. At any given moment, the enzyme may be bound to the inhibitor, the substrate, or neither, but it cannot bind both at the same time. During competitive inhibition, the inhibitor and substrate compete for the active site. The active site is a region on an enzyme which a particular protein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3457502", "chunk_text": "\"ASD (database)\"\nASD (database) Allostery is the most direct and efficient way for regulation of biological macromolecule function induced by the binding of a ligand at an allosteric site topographically distinct from the orthosteric site. Due to the inherent high receptor selectivity and lower target-based toxicity, it is also expected to play a more positive role in drug discovery and bioengineering, leading to rapid growth on allosteric findings. Allosteric Database (ASD) provides a central resource for the display, search and analysis of the structure, function and related annotation for allosteric molecules. Currently, ASD contains allosteric proteins from more than 100 species and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6162170", "chunk_text": "\"ASD (database)\"\npoint for biologists and medicinal chemists for furthering allosteric research. ASD (database) Allostery is the most direct and efficient way for regulation of biological macromolecule function induced by the binding of a ligand at an allosteric site topographically distinct from the orthosteric site. Due to the inherent high receptor selectivity and lower target-based toxicity, it is also expected to play a more positive role in drug discovery and bioengineering, leading to rapid growth on allosteric findings. Allosteric Database (ASD) provides a central resource for the display, search and analysis of the structure, function and related annotation for allosteric molecules. Currently,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851339", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nhas been amply highlighted above, some allosteric proteins can be regulated by both their substrates and other molecules. Such proteins are capable of both homotropic and heterotropic interactions. Some allosteric activators are referred to as \"\"essential\"\", or \"\"obligate\"\" activators, in the sense that in their absence, the activity of their target enzyme activity is very low or negligible, as is the case with N-acetylglutamate's activity on carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, for example. A non-regulatory allosteric site is any non-regulatory component of an enzyme (or any protein), that is not itself an amino acid. For instance, many enzymes require sodium binding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16568997", "chunk_text": "\"Site-specific recombination\"\nless well understood. This group of enzymes was only discovered in the mid-1990s and is still relatively small. The now classical members gamma-delta and Tn3 resolvase, but also new additions like φC31-, Bxb1-, and R4 integrases, cut all four DNA strands simultaneously at points that are staggered by 2bp (Fig. 2). During cleavage, a protein-DNA bond is formed via a transesterification reaction in which a phosphodiester bond is replaced by a phosphoserine bond between a 5’ phosphate at the cleavage site and the hydroxyl group of the conserved serine residue (S10 in resolvase). It is still not entirely clear how", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851348", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nquery compound, and can help chemists to implement structure modifications for novel allosteric drug design. Not all protein residues play equally important roles in allosteric regulation. The identification of residues that are essential to allostery (so-called “allosteric residues”) has been the focus of many studies, especially within the last decade. In part, this growing interest is a result of their general importance in protein science, but also because allosteric residues may be exploited in biomedical contexts. Pharmacologically important proteins with difficult-to-target sites may yield to approaches in which one alternatively targets easier-to-reach residues that are capable of allosterically regulating the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851340", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\nto ensure proper function. However, the sodium does not necessarily act as a regulatory subunit; the sodium is always present and there are no known biological processes to add/remove sodium to regulate enzyme activity. Non-regulatory allostery could comprise any other ions besides sodium (calcium, magnesium, zinc), as well as other chemicals and possibly vitamins. Allosteric modulation of a receptor results from the binding of allosteric modulators at a different site (a \"\"regulatory site\"\") from that of the endogenous ligand (an \"\"active site\"\") and enhances or inhibits the effects of the endogenous ligand. Under normal circumstances, it acts by causing a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8000195", "chunk_text": "\"Aspartate carbamoyltransferase\"\ninteracting with the carbonyl oxygen. In general, the rate enhancement of ATCase is achieved by orientation and stabilization of substrates, intermediates, and products rather than by direct involvement of amino acid residues in the catalytic mechanism. The allosteric site in the allosteric domain of the R chains of the ATCase complex binds to the nucleotides ATP, CTP and/or UTP. There is one site with high affinity for ATP and CTP and one with 10- to 20-fold lower affinity for these nucleotides in each regulatory dimer. ATP binds predominantly to the high-affinity sites and subsequently activates the enzyme, while UTP and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8788856", "chunk_text": "\"Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase\"\nIII. Type III has two distinct domains, lacks both allosteric sites, and is found in various unicellular organisms. Type II has serine binding sites and encompasses the well-studied \"\"E. coli\"\" PHGDH. Type I possesses both the serine and substrate allosteric binding sites and encompasses \"\"M. tuberculosis\"\" and mammalian PHGDHs. The regulation of catalytic activity is thought to be a result of the movement of rigid domains about flexible “hinges.” When the substrate binds to the open active site, the hinge rotates and closes the cleft. Allosteric inhibition thus likely works by locking the hinge in a state that produces the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6672424", "chunk_text": "\"Catalytic triad\"\nCatalytic triad A catalytic triad is a set of three coordinated amino acids that can be found in the active site of some enzymes. Catalytic triads are most commonly found in hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, acylases, lipases and β-lactamases). An Acid-Base-Nucleophile triad is a common motif for generating a nucleophilic residue for covalent catalysis. The residues form a charge-relay network to polarise and activate the nucleophile, which attacks the substrate, forming a covalent intermediate which is then hydrolysed to release the product and regenerate free enzyme. The nucleophile is most commonly a serine or cysteine amino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17932018", "chunk_text": "Extremozyme\nExtremozyme An extremozyme is an enzyme, often created by archaea, which are known prokaryotic extremophiles that can function under extreme environments. Examples of such are those in highly acidic/basic conditions, high/low temperatures, high salinity, or other factors, that would otherwise denature typical enzymes (e.g. catalase, rubisco, carbonic anhydrase). This feature makes these enzymes an interest to a variety of biotechnical applications in the energy, pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, food, health, and textile industries. Since the 1960s, scientists knew that most enzymes have a range of functionality under different conditions. Due to their unique properties that allow catalytic reactions to occur in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18603910", "chunk_text": "Lyase\nLyase In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an \"\"elimination\"\" reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a \"\"substitution\"\" reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a \"\"Michael addition\"\"). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase: Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction. Systematic names are formed as \"\"\"\"substrate group-lyase\"\".\"\" Common names include decarboxylase, dehydratase, aldolase,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17788701", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric modulator\"\nAllosteric modulator In biochemistry and pharmacology, an allosteric modulator (\"\"allo-\"\" from the Greek meaning \"\"other\"\") is a substance which indirectly influences (modulates) the effects of a primary ligand that directly activates or deactivates the function of a target protein. Targets may be metabotropic, ionotropic and nuclear receptors, enzymes and transporters. Allosteric modulators bind to a site distinct from that of the orthosteric binding site. They stabilize a conformation of the protein structure that affects either the binding or the efficacy of the primary ligand. Pure modulators have no direct effect on the function of the protein target. The modulatory properties", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18574558", "chunk_text": "P-site\nP-site The P-site (for peptidyl) is the second binding site for tRNA in the ribosome. The other two sites are the A-site (aminoacyl), which is the first binding site in the ribosome, and the E-site (exit), is the third and final binding site in the ribosome. During Protein translation, the P-site holds the tRNA which is linked to the growing polypeptide chain. When a stop codon is reached, the peptidyl-tRNA bond of the tRNA located in the P-site is cleaved releasing the newly synthesized protein. During the translocation step of the elongation phase, the mRNA is advanced by one codon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15760670", "chunk_text": "\"AP site\"\nAP site In biochemistry and molecular genetics, an AP site (apurinic/apyrimidinic site), also known as an abasic site, is a location in DNA (also in RNA but much less likely) that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base, either spontaneously or due to DNA damage. It has been estimated that under physiological conditions 10,000 apurinic sites and 500 apyrimidinic may be generated in a cell daily. AP sites can be formed by spontaneous depurination, but also occur as intermediates in base excision repair. In this process, a DNA glycosylase recognizes a damaged base and cleaves the N-glycosidic bond to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20851338", "chunk_text": "\"Allosteric regulation\"\na single subunit of the tetrameric enzyme leads to increased affinity for GMP by the subsequent subunits as revealed by sigmoidal substrate versus velocity plots. A heterotropic allosteric modulator is a regulatory molecule that is not the enzyme's substrate. It may be either an activator or an inhibitor of the enzyme. For example, H, CO, and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate are heterotropic allosteric modulators of hemoglobin. Once again, in IMP/GMP specific 5' nucleotidase, binding of GTP molecule at the dimer interface in the tetrameric enzyme leads to increased affinity for substrate GMP at the active site indicating towards K-type heterotropic allosteric activation. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13791047", "chunk_text": "Protease\nProtease A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Proteases have evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms. Proteases can be found in Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea and viruses. Proteases can be classified into seven broad groups: Proteases were first grouped into 84 families according to their evolutionary relationship in 1993, and classified under four catalytic types: serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metallo proteases. The threonine and glutamic-acid proteases were not described until 1995 and 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715533", "chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\noccasions, coenzymes can leave enzymes after the reaction is finished. Otherwise, they permanently bind to the enzyme. Coenzyme is a board concept which includes metal ions, various vitamins and ATP. If an enzyme needs coenzyme to work itself is termed as apoenzyme. In fact, it alone cannot catalyses reaction properly. Only when its cofactor comes in and binds to the active site to form holoenzyme it can work properly. One example of the cofactor is Flavin. It contains a distinct conjugated isoalloxazine ring system. Flavin has multiple redox states and can be used in processes that involve the transfer of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_110	what caused the breakup of the democratic republican party?	n/a	[ "the disputed 1824 presidential election" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2704551", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nDemocratic-Republican Party The Democratic-Republican Party (formally the Republican Party) was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party run by Alexander Hamilton, who was Secretary of the Treasury and chief architect of George Washington's administration. From 1801 to 1825, the new party controlled the presidency and Congress as well as most states during the First Party System. It began in 1791 as one faction in Congress and included many politicians who had been opposed to the new constitution. They called themselves Republicans after their ideology,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2704591", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nparty split during the John Quincy Adams administration, initially its two successor parties both kept the word Republican in their names—Adams' faction used the term National Republicans while Jackson's faction used the term Democratic Republicans. However, Jackson's faction soon settled on the shorter name Democrats. As a general term (not a party name), the word republican had been in widespread usage from the 1770s to describe the type of government the break-away colonies wanted to form: a republic of three separate branches of government derived from some principles and structure from ancient republics; especially the emphasis on civic duty and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16828364", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nDeal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South. After the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most Southern whites and many Northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s. White Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level since the 1990s. Women, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States, such as Jewish Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Arab Americans and African Americans, tend to support the Democratic Party much more than they support the rival Republican Party.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549594", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nGallup found that 30% of Americans identified as Democrats, 23% as Republicans and 45% as independents. In the same poll, a survey of registered voters stated that 47% identified as Democrats or leaned towards the party—the same poll found that 40% of registered voters identified as Republicans or leaned towards the Republican party. In 2018, Democratic congressional candidate Tom Malinowski described the party: The Democratic-Republican Party splintered in 1824 into the short-lived National Republican Party and the Jacksonian movement which in 1828 became the Democratic Party. Under the Jacksonian era, the term \"\"The Democracy\"\" was in use by the party,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10551163", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nduring the Era of Good Feelings after 1816. The party selected its presidential candidates in a caucus of members of Congress. They included Thomas Jefferson (nominated 1796; elected 1800–1801, 1804), James Madison (1808, 1812) and James Monroe (1816, 1820). By 1824, the caucus system had practically collapsed. After 1800, the party dominated Congress and most state governments outside New England. By 1824, the party was also split four ways and lacked a center as the First Party System collapsed. The emergence of the Second Party System in the 1820s and 30s realigned the old factions. One remnant followed Andrew Jackson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115609", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nDemocratic Party and supported segregation. After passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, most Southerners accepted the integration of most institutions (except public schools). With the old barrier to becoming a Republican removed, Southerners joined the new middle class and the Northern transplants in moving toward the Republican Party. Integration thus liberated Southern politics from the old racial issues. In 1963, the federal courts declared unconstitutional the practice of excluding African-American voters from the Democratic primaries, which had been the only elections that mattered in most of the South. Meanwhile, the newly enfranchised black voters supported Democratic candidates at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2704552", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nrepublicanism. They distrusted the Federalist tendency to centralize and loosely interpret the Constitution, believing these policies were signs of monarchism and anti-republican values. The party splintered in 1824, with the faction loyal to Andrew Jackson coalescing into the Jacksonian movement (which would soon acquire the name Democratic Party), the faction led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay forming the National Republican Party and some other groups going on to form the Anti-Masonic Party. The National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and other opponents of Andrew Jackson later formed themselves into the Whig Party. During the time that this party existed, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549575", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nof the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. That party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s with the election of Andrew Jackson. Since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been more liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy, both parties have changed position several times. The Democratic Party evolved from the Jeffersonian Republican or Democratic-Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14328850", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nwin the presidential election. The Adams/Clay alliance became the basis of the National Republican Party, a rival to the Jackson's Democracy and one of the successors of the Democratic-Republican Party. This party favored a higher tariff in order to protect U.S. manufacturers, as well as public works, especially roads. Many former members of the defunct Federalist Party, including Daniel Webster, joined the party. After Clay's defeat by Jackson in the 1832 presidential election, the National Republicans were absorbed into the Whig Party, a diverse group of Jackson opponents. Historian Daniel Walker Howe writes, \"\"Both parties [the Democrats and the Whigs]", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549613", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nwere generally much more ideologically conservative than conservative Democrats are now. Many conservative Southern Democrats defected to the Republican Party, beginning with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the general leftward shift of the party. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, Billy Tauzin of Louisiana, Kent Hance and Ralph Hall of Texas and Richard Shelby of Alabama are examples of this. The influx of conservative Democrats into the Republican Party is often cited as a reason for the Republican Party's shift further to the right during the late 20th century as well as the shift of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549578", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nwhen the Whigs fell apart over the issue of slavery. In 1854, angry with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, anti-slavery Democrats left the party and joined Northern Whigs to form the Republican Party. Behind the platforms issued by state and national parties stood a widely shared political outlook that characterized the Democrats: The Democrats split over the choice of a successor to President James Buchanan along Northern and Southern lines as factions of the party provided two separate candidacies for President in the election of 1860, in which the Republican Party gained ascendancy. The radical pro-slavery Fire-Eaters led a walkout at both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2704592", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nthe opposition to corruption, elitism, aristocracy and monarchy. The word is used in the United States Constitution. A split appeared in the then Republican party during the 1824 elections (at the end of the Monroe administration). When the election was thrown to the House of Representatives, Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams to deny the presidency to Andrew Jackson, a longtime political rival. Jackson defeated Adams in 1828 and in the next election the first Democratic national convention took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 21–23, 1832. It nominated Andrew Jackson for a second term and he went on to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14706540", "chunk_text": "\"Party switching in the United States\"\nranks. Another reason is simply to get elected. This may be the primary reason when the opposing party's base in a constituency is reaching a size that threatens the safe reelection of the incumbent or the elected official fears being primaried. The first two major parties in the United States were the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. The Federalists experienced success in the 1790s but lost power in the 1800 elections and collapsed after the War of 1812. Many former Federalists, including John Quincy Adams, became members of the Democratic-Republican Party. After the 1824 presidential election, the Democratic-Republicans fractured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16828361", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nDemocratic Party (United States) The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. The Democrats' dominant worldview was once social conservatism and economic liberalism while populism was its leading characteristic in the rural South. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate in the Progressive (\"\"Bull Moose\"\") Party, beginning a switch of political platforms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549576", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nParty organized by Jefferson and Madison in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. The party favored republicanism; a weak federal government; states' rights; agrarian interests (especially Southern planters); strict adherence to the Constitution; and it opposed a national bank, close ties to Great Britain and business and banking interests. The Democratic-Republican Party came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812, the Federalists virtually disappeared and the only national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The era of one-party rule in the United States, known as the Era of Good Feelings,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2704576", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nvotes for Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The tie sent the election to the House and Federalists there blocked any choice. Hamilton, believing that Burr would be a poor choice for president, intervened and let Jefferson win, a move that would result in the collapse of the Federalist Party and Hamilton's death four years later at the hands of Burr himself in a pistol duel. Starting in 1800 in what Jefferson called the \"\"Revolution of 1800\"\", the party took control of the presidency and both houses of Congress, beginning a quarter century of control of those institutions. A faction called \"\"Old", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7164836", "chunk_text": "\"Political parties in the United States\"\nthe Republican Party. It began after the Republicans blamed the Democrats for the Panic of 1893, which later resulted in William McKinley's victory over William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election. The central domestic issues changed to government regulation of railroads and large corporations (\"\"trusts\"\"), the protective tariff, the role of labor unions, child labor, the need for a new banking system, corruption in party politics, primary elections, direct election of senators, racial segregation, efficiency in government, women's suffrage, and control of immigration. Most voting blocs continued unchanged, but some realignment took place, giving Republicans dominance in the industrial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19640465", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party (1844)\"\nDemocratic-Republican Party (1844) The Democratic-Republican Party was an American political party formed by John Tyler in 1844 to launch a presidential campaign against Henry Clay of the Whig Party and James K. Polk of the Democratic Party. The party merged into Democratic Party during the 1844 Presidential election. Upon the death of President William Henry Harrison thirty days into his term Vice President John Tyler took office, with constitutional uncertainty, and would serve for the remaining four years of Harrison's term. Despite the fact that Harrison and Tyler were both members of the Whig Party, Tyler found much of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15333721", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nanti-segregation laws during the 1948 Democratic National Convention, many Southern Democratic delegates decided to split from the party and formed the \"\"Dixiecrats\"\", led by South Carolina governor Strom Thurmond (who as Senator would later join the Republican Party). However, few other Democrats left the party. On the other hand, African Americans, who had traditionally given strong support to the Republican Party since its inception as the \"\"anti-slavery party\"\", continued to shift to the Democratic Party, largely due to the advocacy of and support for civil rights by such prominent Democrats as Hubert Humphrey and former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "256761", "chunk_text": "\"Republican Party (United States)\"\nRepublican Party (United States) The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, a major ideology of the American Revolution. Founded by anti-slavery activists, economic modernizers, ex–National Republicans, ex–Free Soilers, and Whigs in 1854, the Republicans largely dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern states between 1860 and 1932. Originally, the GOP subscribed to what is referred to as classical liberalism with ideological stands that were anti-slavery and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16828374", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nMovement. Republicans attracted conservatives and white Southerners from the Democratic coalition with their use of the Southern strategy and resistance to New Deal and Great Society liberalism. African Americans had traditionally supported the Republican Party because of its anti-slavery civil rights policies. However they began supporting Democrats following the ascent of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, the New Deal, the integration of the military and embrace of proposed civil rights legislation by President Harry Truman in 1947–1948 and the postwar Civil Rights movement. The Democratic Party's main base of support shifted to the Northeast, marking a dramatic reversal of history.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15718178", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nRepublicans, especially German Americans, who broke ranks in 1890–1892, handing power to the Democrats. Demographic trends aided the Democrats, as the German and Irish Catholic immigrants were mostly Democrats and outnumbered the British and Scandinavian Republicans. During the 1880s, elections were remarkably close. The Democrats usually lost, but won in 1884 and 1892. In the 1894 Congressional elections, the GOP scored the biggest landslide in its history as Democrats were blamed for the severe economic depression 1893–1897 and the violent coal and railroad strikes of 1894. From 1860 to 1912, the Republicans took advantage of the association of the Democrats", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5637598", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nparty of Lincoln\"\") and former Free Soil Party leaders joined the newly formed anti-slavery party. The party sought to combine Jefferson's ideals of liberty and equality with Clay's program of using an active government to modernize the economy. Three United States Presidents were elected following a process that selected them as a national nominee of the Democratic-Republican Party. John Quincy Adams was elected in 1824, in an election where every candidate was associated with the Democratic-Republican Party, but the party selected no nominee that year. Democratic-Republican Party The Democratic-Republican Party (formally the Republican Party) was an American political party formed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8546230", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nassassination of John F. Kennedy a year before the election and on Johnson running a successful campaign. The New Deal Coalition collapsed in the mid-1960s in the face of urban riots, the Vietnam War, the opposition of many Southern Democrats to desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement and disillusionment that the New Deal could be revived by Lyndon Johnson's Great Society. Nixon defeated both Hubert Humphrey and George C. Wallace in 1968. When the Democratic left took over their party in 1972, Nixon won reelection by carrying 49 states. Nixon's involvement in Watergate brought disgrace and a forced resignation in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5637592", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nby Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828. Political parties were new in the United States and people were not accustomed to having formal names for them. There was no single official name for the party, but party members generally called themselves Republicans and voted for what they called the \"\"Republican party\"\", \"\"republican ticket\"\" or \"\"republican interest\"\". Jefferson and Madison often used the terms \"\"republican\"\" and \"\"Republican party\"\" in their letters. The 1804 Convention of Republican members of Congress that renominated Jefferson described itself as a \"\"regular republican caucus\"\". The name Democratic-Republican was used by contemporaries only occasionally. When the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15333748", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\n55–45 Republican edge into a 50–50 split (with a Republican Vice President breaking a tie). However, when Republican Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont decided in 2001 to become an independent and vote with the Democratic caucus, the majority status shifted along with the seat, including control of the floor (by the Majority Leader) and control of all committee chairmanships. However, the Republicans regained their Senate majority with gains in 2002 and 2004, leaving the Democrats with only 44 seats, the fewest since the 1920s. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the nation's focus was changed to issues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115606", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nNorthern liberals and Republicans as well as the civil rights activists they denounced as \"\"outside agitators\"\", thus there was a serious barrier to becoming a Republican. In 1948, Democrats alienated white Southerners in two ways. The Democratic National Convention adopted a strong civil rights plank, leading to a walkout by Southerners. Two weeks later, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the armed forces. In 1948, the Deep South walked out, formed a new regional party and nominated J. Strom Thurmond who carried the Deep South, but the outer South stayed with Truman and the \"\"Dixiecrats\"\" returned to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115607", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nparty. By 1964, the Democratic lock on the South remained strong, but cracks began to appear. One long-term cause was that the region was becoming more like the rest of the nation and could not long stand apart in terms of racial segregation. Modernization brought factories, businesses and larger cities as well as millions of migrants from the North, as far more people graduated from high school and college. Meanwhile, the cotton and tobacco basis of the traditional South faded away as former farmers moved to town or commuted to factory jobs. Segregation, requiring separate dining and lodging arrangements for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19287144", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nthe Senate. The failure of impeachment and the Democratic gains in the 1998 election forced House Speaker Newt Gingrich, a Republican, to resign from Congress. The Republican Party expanded its base throughout the South after 1968 (excepting 1976), largely due to its strength among socially conservative white Evangelical Protestants and traditionalist Roman Catholics, added to its traditional strength in the business community and suburbs. As white Democrats in the South lost dominance of the Democratic Party in the 1990s, the region took on the two-party apparatus which characterized most of the nation. The Republican Party's central leader by 1980 was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18877737", "chunk_text": "\"Republicanism in the United States\"\nwas never more distinctly exhibited, than in the increase of the democratic party in the United States. The popularity of the denomination of the Republican Party, was more than a match for the popularity of Washington's character and services, and contributed to overthrow his administration.\"\" The party, which historians later called the Democratic-Republican Party, split into separate factions in the 1820s, one of which became the Democratic Party. After 1832, the Democrats were opposed by another faction that named themselves \"\"Whigs\"\" after the Patriots of the 1770s who started the American Revolution. Both of these parties proclaimed their devotion to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5139821", "chunk_text": "\"New Departure (United States)\"\nNew Departure (United States) The New Departure refers to the political strategy used by the Democratic Party in the United States after 1865 to distance itself from its pro-slavery and Copperhead history in an effort to broaden its political base, and focus on issues where it had more of an advantage, especially economic issues. The Democratic Party was the principal party in power in the southern United States, before and after the Civil War (1861–1865) and had supported secessionism, slavery and the Confederate States of America. An even greater liability was the accusation repeated by Republicans that most Democrats had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "258298", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nelected by the electoral college. As President he envisioned the complete absorption of the Federalists into the Jeffersonian fold, with the unfulfilled hope that political parties would disappear in the new national consensus, the Era of Good Feelings. The party's historic domination by the Virginian delegation faded as New York and Pennsylvania became more important. In the 1824 election, most of the party in Congress boycotted the caucus; only a small rump group backed William Crawford. The Crawford faction included most \"\"Old Republicans\"\"—those who remained committed to states' rights and the Principles of 1798 and were distrustful of the nationalizing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "256762", "chunk_text": "\"Republican Party (United States)\"\npro-economic reform. The party was usually dominant over the Democrats during the Third Party System and Fourth Party System. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive (\"\"Bull Moose\"\") Party after being rejected by the GOP and ran as a candidate. He called for many social reforms, some of which were later championed by New Deal Democrats in the 1930s. He lost the election, and when most of his supporters returned to the GOP, they were at odds with the new conservative economic stance, leading to them leaving for the Democratic Party and an ideological shift to the right in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "189461", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nused patronage extensively to finance their operations, which included emerging big city political machines as well as national networks of newspapers. The party was a proponent for slave-owners across the country, urban workers and caucasian immigrants. From 1860 to 1932 in the era of the American Civil War to the Great Depression, the opposing Republican Party, organized in the mid-1850s from the ruins of the Whig Party and some other smaller splinter groups, was dominant in presidential politics. The Democrats elected only two Presidents to four terms of office for twenty-two years, namely Grover Cleveland (in 1884 and 1892) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14328592", "chunk_text": "\"Republican Party (United States)\"\nbefore the party realignments of the 1960s. The Great Plains states were one of the few areas of the country where Republicans had any significant support during the Great Depression. As of 2018, there have been a total of 19 Republican presidents. Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, a major ideology of the American Revolution. Founded by anti-slavery activists, economic modernizers, ex–National Republicans,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "191654", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nby former President Cleveland. The Bourbons were in power when the Panic of 1893 hit and they took the blame. A fierce struggle inside the party ensued, with catastrophic losses for both the Bourbon and agrarian factions in 1894, leading to the showdown in 1896. Just before the 1894 election, President Cleveland was warned by an advisor: Aided by the deep nationwide economic depression that lasted from 1893 to 1897, the Republicans won their biggest landslide in decades, taking full control of the House, while the Populists lost most of their support. However, Cleveland's factional enemies gained control of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13524288", "chunk_text": "\"Two-party system\"\nFirst Party System, the Republicans dominated a one-party system (primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe). Under the Second Party System, the Democratic-Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams' Men and Jackson's Men. In 1828, the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson. The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams. After the National Republicans collapsed, the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed. In 1854, the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs, Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists. Abraham Lincoln became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "189494", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nsupremacy, the latter of which it wholeheartedly supported. President Johnson, elected on the fusion Union Party ticket, rejoined the Democratic party, but to no avail. He would be the last Democratic incumbent for nearly a century to lose his party's nomination (Harry S Truman lost the 1952 New Hampshire primary before withdrawing from the race) for another term. War hero Ulysses S. Grant led the Republicans to landslides in 1868 and 1872. When a major economic depression hit the United States with the Panic of 1873, the Democratic party made major gains across the country, took full control of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17872612", "chunk_text": "\"Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era\"\nmade voter registration and voting more difficult, especially when administered by white staff in a discriminatory way. They succeeded in disenfranchising most of the black citizens, as well as many poor whites in the South, and voter rolls dropped dramatically in each state. The Republican Party was nearly eliminated in the region for decades, and the Democrats established one-party control throughout the southern states. In 1912, the Republican Party was split when Roosevelt ran against the party regular, Taft. In the South by this time, the Republican Party had been hollowed out by the disenfranchisement of African Americans, who were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549694", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\nthrough President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. The South had long been a Democratic stronghold, favoring a state's right to legal slavery. In addition, the ranks of the fledgling Ku Klux Klan were composed almost entirely of white Democrats who were angry over the poor treatment they had received at the hands of northerners and who were also bent on reversing the policies of Reconstruction. However, African Americans began drifting to the Democratic Party when Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president. Support for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s by Democratic Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson helped give", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6549581", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party (United States)\"\ngovernance and consequently the Confederacy had none or at least none with the wide organization inherent to other American parties. Most War Democrats rallied to Republican President Abraham Lincoln and the Republicans' National Union Party in the election of 1864, which featured Andrew Johnson on the Republican ticket even though he was a Democrat from the South. Johnson replaced Lincoln in 1865, but he stayed independent of both parties. The Democrats benefited from white Southerners' resentment of Reconstruction after the war and consequent hostility to the Republican Party. After Redeemers ended Reconstruction in the 1870s and following the often extremely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8546168", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nHistory of the United States Republican Party The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the world's oldest extant political parties. The party values reflect economic conservatism, classical conservatism (modern day American conservatism) and corporate liberty rights. It is the second oldest existing political party in the United States after its primary rival, the Democratic Party. The party emerged in 1854 to combat the Kansas–Nebraska Act, an act that dissolved the terms of the Missouri Compromise and allowed slave or free status to be decided in the territories by popular sovereignty.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5637591", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\nPresidential electors were now all chosen by direct election, except in South Carolina, where the state legislatures chose them. White manhood suffrage was the norm throughout the West and in most of the East as well. The voters thus were much more powerful, and to win their votes required complex party organization. Under the leadership of Martin Van Buren, a firm believer in political organization, the Jacksonians built strong state and local organizations throughout the country. The Old Republicans, or \"\"Radicals\"\", mostly supported Jackson and joined with supporters of incumbent Vice President Calhoun in an alliance. President Adams was defeated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9253485", "chunk_text": "\"Radical Republican\"\nreconciliation and an irrational hatred of the Confederacy. According to Dunning School historians, the Radical Republicans reversed the gains Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson had made in reintegrating the South, established corrupt shadow governments made up of Northern carpetbaggers and Southern scalawags in the former Confederate states and to increase their support base foisted political rights on the freed slaves that they were unprepared or incapable of utilizing. For the Dunning School, the Radical Republicans made Reconstruction a dark age that only ended when Southern whites rose up and reestablished a \"\"home rule\"\" free of Northern, Republican and black influence.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14328815", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic-Republican Party\"\n\"\"Principles of 1798\"\" articulated in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions that would allow states to nullify a federal law. Above all, the party stood for the primacy of the yeoman farmers. Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the supposed monarchical tendencies of the Hamiltonian Federalists. The party came to power in 1801 with the election of Jefferson in the 1800 presidential election. The Federalists—too elitist to appeal to most people—faded away and totally collapsed after 1815. Despite internal divisions, the Republicans dominated the First Party System until partisanship itself withered away", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "189485", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nparties and new leaders. The Whig Party dissolved entirely. The crisis for the Democratic Party came in the late 1850s as Democrats increasingly rejected national policies demanded by the Southern Democrats. The demands were to support slavery outside the South. Southerners insisted that full equality for their region required the government to acknowledge the legitimacy of slavery outside the South. The Southern demands included a fugitive slave law to recapture runaway slaves; opening Kansas to slavery; forcing a pro-slavery constitution on Kansas; acquire Cuba (where slavery already existed); accepting the Dred Scott decision of the Supreme Court; and adopting a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2154767", "chunk_text": "\"Conservative Democrat\"\nas the Democratic Party. Andrew Jackson is notable as the first U.S. President to be elected from the frontier rather than from the East Coast. The Democratic Party split along regional lines for the first time in 1860 over slavery. This split between southern and northern factions led to a brand new party in 1854, the Republican Party and its candidate Abraham Lincoln being elected in 1860. The Civil War followed shortly thereafter. In 1865, the 13th Amendment—abolishing slavery—became part of the Constitution when it was ratified by three-quarters of the states. Despite protests from the Democrats, the Republican Party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1866787", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nbased on the gold standard, support for industry, railroads and banks and pluralism that would enable every group to move ahead. Although Bryan lost the election in a landslide, he did win the hearts and minds of a majority of Democrats, as shown by his renomination in 1900 and 1908. As late as 1924, the Democrats put his brother Charles W. Bryan on their national ticket. The victory of the Republican Party in the election of 1896 marked the start of the \"\"Progressive Era\"\", which lasted from 1896 to 1932, in which the Republican Party usually was dominant. The 1896", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15718172", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nRing. Many of the founders of the GOP joined the liberal movement, as did many powerful newspaper editors. They nominated Horace Greeley for President, who also gained the Democratic nomination, but the ticket was defeated in a landslide. The depression of 1873 energized the Democrats. They won control of the House and formed \"\"Redeemer\"\" coalitions which recaptured control of each southern state, in some cases using threats and violence. Reconstruction came to an end when the contested election of 1876 was awarded by a special electoral commission to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who promised through the unofficial Compromise of 1877", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "189493", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Democratic Party\"\nMcClellan (a War Democrat) on a peace platform and lost badly because many War Democrats bolted to National Union candidate Abraham Lincoln. Many former Democrats became Republicans, especially soldiers such as generals Ulysses S. Grant and John A. Logan. In the 1866 elections, the Radical Republicans won two-thirds majorities in Congress and took control of national affairs. The large Republican majorities made Congressional Democrats helpless, though they unanimously opposed the Radicals' Reconstruction policies. Realizing that the old issues were holding it back, the Democrats tried a \"\"New Departure\"\" that downplayed the War and stressed such issues as corruption and white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_111	who sings the song you'll never find another love like mine?	n/a	[ "Lou Rawls" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12286463", "chunk_text": "\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\nYou'll Never Find Another Love like Mine \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\" (written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album \"\"All Things in Time\"\". The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by \"\"You Should Be Dancing\"\" by The Bee Gees and \"\"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12286467", "chunk_text": "\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\non \"\"The Proud Family Soundtrack\"\". You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\" (written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album \"\"All Things in Time\"\". The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by \"\"You Should Be Dancing\"\" by The Bee Gees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11019816", "chunk_text": "\"Lou Rawls\"\nLou Rawls Louis Allen Rawls (December 1, 1933 – January 6, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, actor, voice actor, and record producer. Rawls released more than 60 albums, sold more than 40 million records, and had numerous charting singles, most notably his song \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". He worked as a film, television, and voice actor. He was also a three-time Grammy-winner, all for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance. Rawls was born in Chicago on December 1, 1933, and raised by his grandmother in the Ida B. Wells projects on the city's South Side. He began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12286464", "chunk_text": "\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\nYour Booty\"\" by KC and the Sunshine Band, respectively. This was the first and only time that one of Rawls' records managed to reach \"\"Billboard\"\"s pop top ten. It was the first big hit for Philadelphia International to feature the reformulated MFSB, after many of the original members left Gamble and Huff for better opportunities. The song started Rawls' live shows from 1977 on. The single went on to sell over a million copies and was certified gold by the RIAA. It can also be heard in the films \"\"The Hot Chick\"\" (2002), \"\"Guess Who\"\" (2005), \"\"Disturbia\"\" (2007), \"\"\"\" (2009),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13840159", "chunk_text": "\"Lou Rawls\"\nMorning\"\" in 1965, and his final was \"\"Wind Beneath My Wings\"\" in 1983. In addition to those two, nine other singles peaked at positions below the top 50 on the Hot 100, and additional singles reached the R&B, Adult Contemporary and Bubbling Under charts. Lou Rawls Louis Allen Rawls (December 1, 1933 – January 6, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, actor, voice actor, and record producer. Rawls released more than 60 albums, sold more than 40 million records, and had numerous charting singles, most notably his song \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". He worked as a film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12286466", "chunk_text": "\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\nthe same chords, and has a similar sound. Rocco DiSpirito and Karina Smirnoff also danced the rumba to this song in week 2 of season 7 of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\" has been covered by singers Michael Bublé, Laura Pausini, reggae singer John Holt and by the Dub Pistols (who use a sample of John Holt's version) on their \"\"Speakers and Tweeters\"\" album. Jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine covered the song on his 1976 album \"\"The Man with the Sad Face\"\". as did Hank Crawford on \"\"Hank Crawford's Back\"\". This song was also featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8168135", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me\"\nYou Won't Find Another Fool Like Me \"\"You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me\"\" is a 1973 single by British pop group The New Seekers. Written by Tony Macaulay and Geoff Stephens, arranged by Gerry Shury and produced by Tommy Oliver. Featuring lead vocals by member Lyn Paul (the first time she had sung lead on a single), the song became the group's biggest hit for two years as it remained in the top five over Christmas 1973. \"\"You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me\"\" went on to be the band's second and final number-one single in the UK Singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3122154", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\nI'll Never Find Another You \"\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\" is a 1964 single by The Seekers which reached No. 1 in the UK in February 1965. It was The Seekers' first UK-released single, and was the second-best selling single of 1965 in the UK. The song was also popular in the US, reaching peaks of No. 4 pop and No. 2 easy listening on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 charts. The track was written and produced by Tom Springfield, who was also responsible for most of The Seekers' subsequent hits. The tune received a 1967 US revival as a country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14567522", "chunk_text": "\"You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me\"\nChart, spending a single week at the top of the chart in January 1974. The song was included on the group's final album as an active band, \"\"Together\"\", as they announced their decision to split a month later. You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me \"\"You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me\"\" is a 1973 single by British pop group The New Seekers. Written by Tony Macaulay and Geoff Stephens, arranged by Gerry Shury and produced by Tommy Oliver. Featuring lead vocals by member Lyn Paul (the first time she had sung lead on a single), the song became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12768363", "chunk_text": "\"Dexter Wansel\"\ndistribution, and featured the vocal talents of The Jones Girls (Shirley, Brenda & Valorie), Pearl Williams Jones, Bunny Sigler & Cynthia Biggs. Dexter and wife Judith Wansel have created their own show in 2017 called called Sounds Of Philadelphia, in which during live performances, Grammy award winner Dexter Wansel performs some of the music he helped to create for many world renowned recording artists as well as his own music, with vocalists Marilyn Ashford-Brown and Damon Williams. He also honors Gamble and Huff with a performance of their phenomenal Lou Rawls hit, \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\" from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8106063", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Martin (musician)\"\nGrammy award winning songwriter Marti Sharron and Danny Sembello, brother of Michael Sambello, wrote the title track, “Never Found Someone Like You.” That song was also placed on “The Bad Boys I” movie soundtrack and went on to sell over 1 million copies. Martin released his first album, \"\"It's Long Overdue\"\" in 1995, which peaked at #82 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B Albums chart. His first single, \"\"Never Find Someone Like You\"\" (which was also independently recorded by Backstreet Boys before) it peaked at #53 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and at #43 on R&B Singles chart, and was included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3122156", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\nsong for her 1968 album \"\"Nora Aunor Sings\"\". I'll Never Find Another You \"\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\" is a 1964 single by The Seekers which reached No. 1 in the UK in February 1965. It was The Seekers' first UK-released single, and was the second-best selling single of 1965 in the UK. The song was also popular in the US, reaching peaks of No. 4 pop and No. 2 easy listening on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 charts. The track was written and produced by Tom Springfield, who was also responsible for most of The Seekers' subsequent hits. The tune", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19282648", "chunk_text": "\"Wing (South Park)\"\nwas either a \"\"super sweet joke\"\" or a \"\"super sweet not joke\"\", but continued to listen to more of her music, especially whenever they were frustrated. Parker and Stone contacted Wing on using her songs, and she had to approve her cartoon likeness before allowing her music to be used. Parker also says he received a letter of thanks from her for the sales boost she enjoyed as a result of the episode. At the pageant, Token performs the song \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\" by Lou Rawls. His singing voice was not provided by the usual dubbing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3122155", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\nmusic No. 1 by Sonny James. In 2006, it received yet another revival with a folk rock cover from guitarist Les Fradkin on his CD \"\"Jangleholic\"\". In July 2018, the song was featured in a Westpac bank TV advertisement in Australia, covered by Julia Jacklin. The song was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry in 2011. In 2010, the song was performed at a benefit for the homeless youth organization Teen Feed by Death Cab for Cutie frontman Ben Gibbard and his wife, singer/actress Zooey Deschanel. Filipino singer/actress Nora Aunor covered the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10618217", "chunk_text": "\"All Things in Time\"\nPIR luminaries as Gamble & Huff, Bunny Sigler and Dexter Wansel, \"\"All Things in Time\"\" became an immediate success on the back of its celebrated lead single \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\", which gave Rawls the biggest hit of his career, topping the R&B chart and making #2 on the pop chart. The album was Rawls' third R&B chart topper (the first since 1966), and reached #7 on the pop chart. \"\"All Things in Time\"\" was highly rated by critics on its original release for the quality and variety of its material, faultless production standards and Rawls' vocal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12286465", "chunk_text": "\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\n\"\"Hit and Run\"\" (2012), \"\"Veronica Mars\"\" (2014), and on the TV sitcoms \"\"My Wife and Kids\"\" (2001–2005), in which Lou Rawls himself sings it to Damon Wayans during a colonoscopy, \"\"That '70s Show\"\" (1998–2006), \"\"South Park\"\" (1997–), \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\" (2003–2015), and \"\"Psych\"\" (2006–2014). The song could also be heard in an episode of \"\"The Proud Family\"\", where Lou Rawls sings and dances with Penny Proud. In addition, it was performed by the singer in doll form in an \"\"Action League Now!\"\" segment on \"\"KaBlam!\"\". The song \"\"If You Could Love Me\"\" by Edwyn Collins uses many of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12005010", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Bublé (album)\"\nwho had previously worked with the likes of Josh Groban. Foster signed Bublé to his 143 record label, and he started recording a self-titled album in 2001, with David Foster as producer. The album features a range of standards from various eras including \"\"Fever\"\", \"\"The Way You Look Tonight\"\", \"\"For Once in My Life\"\", Van Morrison's \"\"Moondance\"\" and Lou Rawls' \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". Barry Gibb of the Bee Gees performs with Bublé on his version of the group's classic track, \"\"How Can You Mend A Broken Heart\"\". The album was released on February 11, 2003, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12458226", "chunk_text": "\"Like You'll Never See Me Again\"\nare dead!\"\". Production Musicians Like You'll Never See Me Again \"\"Like You'll Never See Me Again\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys from her third studio album \"\"As I Am\"\" (2007). Written and produced by Keys and Kerry Brothers, Jr., it was released in November 2007 as the album's second single. The song was first heard on October 25, 2007 on Atlanta's V103 WVEE radio station. Upon its release, the song peaked at number twelve on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and became Keys' second consecutive R&B chart-topper, remaining atop the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for seven weeks. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6140288", "chunk_text": "\"Like You'll Never See Me Again\"\nLike You'll Never See Me Again \"\"Like You'll Never See Me Again\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys from her third studio album \"\"As I Am\"\" (2007). Written and produced by Keys and Kerry Brothers, Jr., it was released in November 2007 as the album's second single. The song was first heard on October 25, 2007 on Atlanta's V103 WVEE radio station. Upon its release, the song peaked at number twelve on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and became Keys' second consecutive R&B chart-topper, remaining atop the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for seven weeks. It was ranked number forty-seven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8106084", "chunk_text": "\"It's Long Overdue\"\nIt's Long Overdue It's Long Overdue is a Keith Martin's album released on 18 April 1995 by Sony and Ruffhouse, which peaked at #82 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The song \"\"Never Find Someone Like You\"\" was released as a first single and peaked at #53 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and at #43 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. \"\"Moment in Time\"\" was released as a second single. \"\"Never Find Someone Like You\"\" was included in the Bad Boys soundtrack. This song was also independently recorded by the Backstreet Boys beforehand. Producers: Clifford \"\"Snags\"\" Jones, Keith Martin, John Oates, Michael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "731849", "chunk_text": "\"Disturbia: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\"\nlike we've temporarily jumped film. Some judicious use of the skip button improves matters considerably, with eerie reggae from Berlin producers Noiseshaper and the sweet tones of singer-songwriter Priscilla Ahn segueing perfectly into Thomas J. Mitchell's classic \"\"Loving You\"\", before Lou Rawls takes us far, far away from little white picket fences and into the big city with \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". Matt Millstein of \"\"Soundtrack.net\"\" gave the soundtrack two-and-a-half stars out of five, stating that \"\"the song soundtrack to D. J. Caruso's recent suspense thriller \"\"Disturbia\"\" suffers the fate of many recent song soundtracks; it feels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10618216", "chunk_text": "\"All Things in Time\"\nAll Things in Time All Things in Time is an album by American R&B singer Lou Rawls, released in June 1976 on the Philadelphia International Records label. Coming after a career lull in the years immediately preceding, \"\"All Things in Time\"\" was Rawls' first album for PIR; at the time he was the first artist to sign with PIR after having already enjoyed a substantial recording career and chart success with other record labels. The album includes Rawls' most famous hit song \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". Recorded at the legendary Sigma Sound Studios and produced by such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13226544", "chunk_text": "\"Lou Rawls\"\nPhiladelphia International and recorded \"\"All Things in Time\"\", which sold a million copies. \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\" became his biggest selling single, selling a million copies, topping the R&B and Adult Contemporary charts, and reaching No. 2 on the pop chart. The hit single \"\"Lady Love\"\" followed, from the 1977 album \"\"When You Hear Lou, You've Heard It All\"\". In 1980, Rawls began the \"\"Lou Rawls Parade of Stars Telethon\"\" which benefits the United Negro College Fund. The annual event, known since 1998 as \"\"An Evening of Stars: A Celebration of Educational Excellence\"\", consists of stories of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3802827", "chunk_text": "\"Lyn Paul\"\nin which they came second. She was also lead vocalist on the 1974 No.1 hit \"\"You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me\"\" and the No.5 single, \"\"I Get A Little Sentimental Over You\"\". Among the group's other works, they recorded the song \"\"I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing\"\", adapted from an advertising jingle for Coca-Cola, which sold over 20 million copies and still remains one of the 100 best-selling singles in the UK. They had many other hits; most notably, Harry Chapin's \"\"Circles\"\"; Delaney and Bonnie's \"\"Never Ending Song of Love\"\" and a medley of Pete Townshend's \"\"Pinball", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16617822", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Floyd\"\n\"\"I've Never Found a Girl (To Love Me Like You Do)\"\" and \"\"Raise Your Hand\"\", which was covered by both Janis Joplin and Bruce Springsteen. The song \"\"Big Bird\"\" (featuring Booker T. Jones on organ and guitar, Al Jackson, Jr. on drums, and Donald \"\"Duck\"\" Dunn on bass) was written while Floyd waited in a London airport for a plane back to the United States for Otis Redding's funeral. Although not a US hit, it became an underground favorite in the UK, was later covered by The Jam, and was featured on the video game \"\"Test Drive Unlimited\"\". Floyd's career", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "24389", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Bublé\"\nFebruary 11, 2003 by 143 Records/Reprise Records. The album features a range of standards from various eras including \"\"Fever\"\", \"\"The Way You Look Tonight\"\", \"\"For Once in My Life\"\", \"\"Moondance\"\" and \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". Also on the album is \"\"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart?\"\", with Barry Gibb of the Bee Gees singing back up vocals. The album went to the top 10 in Canada, United Kingdom, South Africa and reached No. 1 in Australia. It was No. 33 on the ARIA Top 100 Albums of 2003. Bublé appeared nationally on television in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12613276", "chunk_text": "\"Heart Like Mine\"\nHeart Like Mine \"\"Heart Like Mine\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in January 2011 as the fifth and final single from her 2009 album \"\"Revolution\"\". Lambert co-wrote this song with Ashley Monroe and Travis Howard. The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its catchability and Lambert's lyrics. \"\"Heart Like Mine\"\" gave Lambert her second number one hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs chart. It also charted on the Hot 100 at number 44. The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19504568", "chunk_text": "\"We May Never Love Like This Again\"\nWe May Never Love Like This Again \"\"We May Never Love Like This Again\"\" is a song written by Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn for the 1974 film, \"\"The Towering Inferno\"\". It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1974, and was performed by Maureen McGovern both for the film score and, briefly, in the film itself with McGovern portraying a singer. McGovern had performed a cover version of Kasha and Hirschhorn's song \"\"The Morning After\"\", which also won the Academy Award for Best Original Song two years earlier. Her recording of \"\"We May Never Love Like This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19715060", "chunk_text": "\"He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)\"\nSam Cooke's \"\"Chain Gang\"\", and The Coasters \"\"Searchin'\"\") recorded before his death in 1973, it featured on the 1975 album \"\"The Faces I've Been\"\" and was a chart success as a single in 1976. Dolly Parton covered the song in 1984, retaining the Orlando and Dawn retitling, though changing the gender to \"\"\"\"She\"\" Don't Love You\"\". She included the song on \"\"The Great Pretender\"\", an album of covers of early rock and roll hits. He Don't Love You (Like I Love You) \"\"He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)\"\" is a 1975 No. 1 song in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3800783", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Pausini\"\nalbum in November 2005, titled \"\"Live in Paris 05\"\". Pausini made a guest appearance on Michael Bublé's 2005 live album \"\"Caught in the Act\"\", singing a duet with Bublé of Lou Rawls' hit \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\". The duet was placed on both the audio CD, and the full concert DVD that aired on PBS as an episode of \"\"Great Performances\"\". At the 2006 Lo Nuestro Award, Pausini was nominated in the sections Album of the Year for \"\"Escucha\"\", Song of the Year and Video of the Year for \"\"Viveme\"\" and won the award for Best Female", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17379018", "chunk_text": "\"Zakiya (singer)\"\nZakiya (singer) Zakiya A. Munnerlyn is an American R&B/soul singer who released a self-titled studio album on DV8 Records in 1997. Two singles from the album, \"\"Love Like Mine\"\" and \"\"My Love Won't Fade Away\"\", entered \"\"Billboard\"\"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. As a 15-year-old, Zakiya was crowned Hal Jackson's Talented Teens Miss International Queen of 1992. Two years later, she signed with Ric Wake's production company as part of the girl group Faces. After a year with the group, Zakiya pursued a solo career and signed with DV8 Records in 1995. Her debut single, \"\"Love Like Mine\"\", was released in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6386522", "chunk_text": "\"There's No Other (Like My Baby)\"\nThere's No Other (Like My Baby) \"\"There's No Other (Like My Baby)\"\" is a song written by Phil Spector and Leroy Bates and first recorded in 1961 by New York City girl group the Crystals, with Spector producing. The song derives from the gospel number \"\"There's No Other Like My Jesus\"\". The single, the first to be released on Spector's own Philles Records label, debuted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in November 1961 and peaked at number 20 in January 1962 during its 11-week chart run. Barbara Alston sang lead vocal, as she did on the next two Crystals releases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18010772", "chunk_text": "\"Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)\"\nLove Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song) \"\"Love Like This\"\" is a song performed by British singer Natasha Bedingfield. It was included as the lead single of Bedingfield's second North American album, \"\"Pocketful of Sunshine\"\", and features vocals from Jamacian-American reggae singer Sean Kingston. The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder, Sam Watters, and Wayne Wilkins, while production was handled by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters under their production group, The Runawayz. Its lyrics discuss finding love with a person who has \"\"been there all your life and has always loved you, but you've never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16548906", "chunk_text": "\"Judith Durham\"\nthey had planned to return after ten weeks, but they received a steady stream of bookings through the Grade Agency because they had sent the agency a copy of their first album. On 4 November 1964 at EMI's Abbey Road Studios, The Seekers recorded \"\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\" composed and produced by Tom Springfield and subsequently released in December 1964. In February 1965, the song reached number one in the UK and Australia, while their 1966 recording of Springfield and Jim Dale's \"\"Georgy Girl\"\" (from the film of the same name) reached number two (Billboard chart) and number one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18051110", "chunk_text": "\"T.J. Tindall\"\nby \"\"Sound of Philadelphia\"\" architects Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff for artists such as The O'Jays' \"\"Travelin' at the Speed of Thought\"\", Teddy Pendergrass, Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes, the Intruders, and The Three Degrees' album \"\"International\"\". He also backed up and recorded with Bonnie Raitt (her album \"\"Give It Up\"\"), Lon & Derrek Van Eaton (their album \"\"Brother\"\"), the Jacksons, Robert Palmer's \"\"Double Fun\"\", the Temptations, to name a few. He can be heard on The Trammps' 1976 hit \"\"Disco Inferno\"\" (US #46) and their \"\"album\"\" of the same name, Lou Rawls' \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11879057", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Love This Way Again\"\nI'll Never Love This Way Again \"\"I'll Never Love This Way Again\"\" is a Grammy Award-winning, Gold-certified 1979 hit recorded by American singer Dionne Warwick. The song was composed by Richard Kerr (music) and Will Jennings (lyrics) and produced by Arista labelmate Barry Manilow. The hit song was recorded for Warwick's first Arista label album titled Dionne (1979). It had been recorded by Cheryl Ladd a year earlier. The song was Warwick's first single release on Arista after an unsuccessful tenure at Warner Bros. Records. The song brought Warwick renewed popularity when it reached #5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8106085", "chunk_text": "\"It's Long Overdue\"\nMcCary, Danny Sembello, Marti Sharron and others. Dennis Walters Executive producers : Inerje Barrett and Michael McCary for Black Panther Productions Inc. It's Long Overdue It's Long Overdue is a Keith Martin's album released on 18 April 1995 by Sony and Ruffhouse, which peaked at #82 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The song \"\"Never Find Someone Like You\"\" was released as a first single and peaked at #53 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and at #43 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. \"\"Moment in Time\"\" was released as a second single. \"\"Never Find Someone Like You\"\" was included in the Bad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12096962", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\"\nNobody Loves Me Like You Do \"\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\"\" is a song written by James Dunne and Pamela Phillips, and recorded by Canadian Country music artist Anne Murray and singer-songwriter Dave Loggins as a duet. It was released in August 1984 as the first single from the album \"\"Heart Over Mind\"\". The song was Dave Loggins' only hit on the Country chart. It was Anne's ninth American #1 Country hit and also hit the Top 10 of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. The track was covered by Whitney Houston and Jermaine Jackson on Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12096963", "chunk_text": "\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\"\nNobody Loves Me Like You Do \"\"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do\"\" is a song written by James Dunne and Pamela Phillips, and recorded by Canadian Country music artist Anne Murray and singer-songwriter Dave Loggins as a duet. It was released in August 1984 as the first single from the album \"\"Heart Over Mind\"\". The song was Dave Loggins' only hit on the Country chart. It was Anne's ninth American #1 Country hit and also hit the Top 10 of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. The track was covered by Whitney Houston and Jermaine Jackson on Houston's 1985 self-titled debut album.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "113947", "chunk_text": "\"Never My Love\"\nNever My Love \"\"Never My Love\"\" is a pop standard written by American siblings Donald and Richard Addrisi and best known from a hit 1967 recording by The Association. The Addrisi Brothers had two Top 40 hits as recording artists, but their biggest success was as the songwriters of \"\"Never My Love\"\". Recorded by dozens of notable artists in the decades since, in 1999 the music publishing rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) announced it was the second most-played song on radio and television of the 20th century. The first recording of \"\"Never My Love\"\" to achieve success was by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17922871", "chunk_text": "\"John O'Banion\"\nJohnny Carson was a big fan and supporter of his career. O'Banion made five appearances on Carson's \"\"Tonight Show\"\", as many on Merv Griffin's and Mike Douglas' shows. He also appeared on American Bandstand, Solid Gold, and was the winning singer of the pilot of Star Search. His song \"\"Love You Like I Never Loved Before\"\" was a hit single in 1981, making it to #24 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. O'Banion won the prestigious Tokyo Music Festival Award in 1982, with \"\"I Don't Want To Lose Your Love\"\", later sung by Crystal Gayle on her 1983 album \"\"Cage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17149501", "chunk_text": "\"The Springfields\"\ndecided to leave for a solo career, at which point the group disbanded. Tom Springfield subsequently wrote a number of songs for Australian pop-folk band The Seekers, including the No.1 hits \"\"I'll Never Find Another You\"\" and \"\"The Carnival Is Over\"\", as well as the Oscar-nominated \"\"Georgy Girl\"\", which he wrote with actor-singer Jim Dale. In the early 1970s, Mike Hurst – by now a successful producer – teamed up with former Seeker Keith Potger to launch Springfield Revival, a more contemporary version of The Springfields. The line-up consisted of Australian singer-songwriter Mick Flinn (vocals, guitar, kazoo), formerly of The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19715056", "chunk_text": "\"He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)\"\nHe Don't Love You (Like I Love You) \"\"He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)\"\" is a 1975 No. 1 song in the United States sung by Tony Orlando and Dawn. It topped the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart on May 3, 1975, and remained there for three weeks. The song also went to No. 1 on the US adult contemporary chart for one week in 1975. It was later certified Gold by the RIAA. Under its original title \"\"He Will Break Your Heart,\"\" the song was also a top-ten hit for one of its songwriters, Jerry Butler, in 1960.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16693212", "chunk_text": "Honeyz\nHoneyz The Honeyz are an English R&B girl group who had five UK Top 10 hits between 1998 and 2000, with \"\"Finally Found\"\" (1998), \"\"End of the Line\"\" (1998), \"\"Love of a Lifetime\"\" (1999), \"\"Never Let You Down\"\" (2000) and \"\"Won't Take It Lying Down\"\" (2000). They have sold over four million records worldwide. The Honeyz formed in 1998 with the original line-up consisting of Célena Cherry, Heavenli Denton and Naima Belkhiati. Former Solid HarmoniE member Mariama Goodman replaced Denton in 1999. Goodman left in 2000 with Denton rejoining, before the group disbanded for the first time in 2001. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18605405", "chunk_text": "\"Bonnie Guitar\"\nMusic's \"\"Top Female Vocalist\"\" award. In 1968, \"\"I Believe in Love\"\" was another Top 10 hit. Guitar teamed up with Buddy Killen, and together they had a minor hit duet with \"\"A Truer Love You'll Never Find (Than Mine)\"\" which was issued in 1969 at a time when Guitar's chart success was starting to fade. In the 1970s, Guitar recorded for Columbia Records and MCA Records with occasional minor hit records. She charted for the first time in many years in 1980 with the single \"\"Honey On the Moon\"\". In 1986, she recorded for the Tumbleweed label. She later continued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5002625", "chunk_text": "\"Nothin' Like You\"\nNothin' Like You \"\"Nothin' Like You\"\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Dan + Shay for their debut studio album, \"\"Where It All Began\"\" (2014). The song, written by both group members along with Chris DeStefano and Ashley Gorley, is about Shay's ex-girlfriend Veronica Ballestrini, who is also a country-pop singer. \"\"Nothin' Like You\"\" reached number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Country Airplay chart, giving the duo their first number-one country hit in their career. It also charted at numbers 5 and 51 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song was certified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6758477", "chunk_text": "\"Unmistakably Lou\"\nUnmistakably Lou Unmistakably Lou is an album by American R&B singer Lou Rawls, released in 1977 on the Philadelphia International Records label. It was Rawls' second PIR album and performed respectably (#14 R&B and #41 pop), although its sales fell well short of his 1976 PIR debut \"\"All Things in Time\"\". Only one single, \"\"See You When I Git There\"\", was released from the album in the US; alongside \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine\"\" and \"\"Lady Love\"\", it remains one of Rawls' best-known PIR songs. Like its predecessor, \"\"Unmistakably Lou\"\" is a well-regarded album for its mix of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6386524", "chunk_text": "\"There's No Other (Like My Baby)\"\n20 in the US. There's No Other (Like My Baby) \"\"There's No Other (Like My Baby)\"\" is a song written by Phil Spector and Leroy Bates and first recorded in 1961 by New York City girl group the Crystals, with Spector producing. The song derives from the gospel number \"\"There's No Other Like My Jesus\"\". The single, the first to be released on Spector's own Philles Records label, debuted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in November 1961 and peaked at number 20 in January 1962 during its 11-week chart run. Barbara Alston sang lead vocal, as she did on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9320956", "chunk_text": "\"I Won't Take Less Than Your Love\"\nI Won't Take Less Than Your Love \"\"I Won't Take Less Than Your Love\"\" is a song written by Paul Overstreet and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker with Paul Davis & Overstreet. It was released in October 1987 as the second single from the album \"\"Love Me Like You Used To\"\". The single reached number one for the week of February 27, 1988 and spent fifteen weeks on the country chart. The song showcases three examples of servitude and gratitude, and the receiver -- a man devoted to his wife, a grateful son, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11879059", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Never Love This Way Again\"\nthe song was soon covered by Cheryl Ladd for her 1978 eponymous debut album. \"\"I'll Never Love This Way Again\"\" has also been recorded by Tom Jones, Billie Jo Spears, The Nolans, Regine Velasquez, Gary Valenciano, and Jona Viray. The song has been also been recorded in several different language versions: I'll Never Love This Way Again \"\"I'll Never Love This Way Again\"\" is a Grammy Award-winning, Gold-certified 1979 hit recorded by American singer Dionne Warwick. The song was composed by Richard Kerr (music) and Will Jennings (lyrics) and produced by Arista labelmate Barry Manilow. The hit song was recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_112	when will the next episode of my next guest needs no introduction?	n/a	[ "May 31, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "402589", "chunk_text": "\"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman\"\nMy Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman is an American web television talk show hosted by David Letterman that premiered on January 12, 2018 on Netflix. The series consists of interviews with one guest per episode both inside and outside a studio setting. In December 2018, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season consisting of six episodes. On August 8, 2017, it was announced that Netflix had ordered a six-episode interview series starring David Letterman. Each hour-long episode was set to feature Letterman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "402593", "chunk_text": "\"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman\"\non 29 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"My Next Guest\"\" may not be groundbreaking, but a more intimate setting provides ample room for intelligent, insightful interviews with interesting subjects that go beyond standard late-night conversations.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 70 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman is an American web television talk show hosted by David Letterman that premiered on January 12, 2018 on Netflix. The series consists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "402590", "chunk_text": "\"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman\"\nconducting a long-form conversation with a single guest and in-the-field segments, in which he would explore topics on his own. On January 5, 2018, it was announced that Letterman's guests in the first season would include Barack Obama, George Clooney, Malala Yousafzai, Jay-Z, Tina Fey, and Howard Stern. It was also announced that the series would premiere on January 12, 2018 with Letterman's interview with Obama. This interview was Obama's first since leaving office. On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season consisting of six episodes. The show's theme song and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9150306", "chunk_text": "\"The Guest Book\"\nhis habit of writing fake guest book entries while on vacation, wrote all 10 episodes of the first season. The series premiered on TBS on August 3, 2017. On September 13, 2017, TBS renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 23, 2018. The intended fifth episode of the series was originally intended to air on August 24, 2017, but was held back as it \"\"contained elements that were deemed too sensitive\"\" at that point in time. At the end of August 2017, Garcia noted on Twitter that the held episode would not be made available \"\"for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20360750", "chunk_text": "\"Grace Helbig\"\nthe following week. On November 13, 2017, it was announced across various media outlets that Fullscreen would be shutting down its subscription service. The final full-length video episode of \"\"Not Too Deep with Grace Helbig\"\" was released the same day as the announcement. The podcast continued to air new audio-only episodes every Monday via iTunes and Soundcloud. On October 8, 2018, the podcast once again began broadcasting in both audio and video form, with full-length video being uploaded to Helbig's YouTube channel On October 12, 2018, after announcing the cancellation of their YouTube series \"\"This Might Get...\"\", Helbig and co-host", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3862707", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Shaffer\"\nresuming its previous name, and recorded the self-titled album \"\"Paul Shaffer & the World's Most Dangerous Band\"\". Shaffer and the band released their album in March and then went on tour as well as making appearances on both \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live\"\" and \"\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\"\", for which Shaffer and the band returned to the Ed Sullivan Theater for the first time since Letterman's finale two years earlier. Shaffer wrote and performs the theme song and bridging music on Letterman's current Netflix series \"\"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman\"\" which premiered in 2018. After it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13823313", "chunk_text": "\"Just a Minute\"\nunit of time). The recording used for the theme is of David Haines. In 2018, Nicholas Parsons was unable to attend the recording of two editions of the programme as he had the flu. This broke his uninterrupted run of fifty years as a performer on the programme. The episodes were recorded on 1 April 2018 with Gyles Brandreth standing in for Parsons and were broadcast on 4 and 11 June 2018. The panellists are invited, in rotation, to speak for one minute on a given subject (which they are normally not informed of in advance), without \"\"hesitation, repetition or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8329608", "chunk_text": "\"Me, Myself & I (TV series)\"\nThe regular and recurring cast includes: On May 12, 2017, the show was ordered to series. The series premiered September 25, 2017, on CBS and was given a thirteen episode order. On November 1, 2017, CBS pulled the series from the schedule after six low-rated episodes, leaving seven episodes unaired, and announced that the series will remain in production for all thirteen episodes and would return to the schedule at a later date. On June 7, 2018 it was announced that the show would return to the schedule on July 7, 2018 and the remaining seven episodes would air over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10257548", "chunk_text": "\"Not Going Out\"\nall in the security room and Lee had a showdown with the armed robber, the episode ended with Lucy giving birth to the couple's first child. On 24 August 2016, it was confirmed that there would be an eighth series in 2017. It is set seven years after the events of the 2015 Christmas special and shows how Lee and Lucy cope being parents to three young children. The series began airing on 13 January 2017, and ended on 3 March 2017. \"\"Not Going Out\"\" reached its highest ever audience in the opening episode, with a total of 5.52 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9886226", "chunk_text": "\"No Activity (U.S. TV series)\"\nwere slated to consist of CBS Television Studios, Gary Sanchez Productions, and Funny Or Die. On October 4, 2017, it was announced that the series would premiere on November 12, 2017. On February 13, 2018, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season. On September 25, 2018, it was announced that the second season would be released all at once on November 22, 2018. Alongside the series premiere announcement, it was confirmed that the series would star Patrick Brammall and Tim Meadows with guest stars including Will Ferrell, Mark Berry, Arturo Castro, Mackenzie Davis, Bridget", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17143586", "chunk_text": "\"Episode 1094\"\nepisode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2427152", "chunk_text": "\"Talking with Chris Hardwick\"\nHardwick's own The Nerdist Podcast following its broadcast airing. The series premiered on AMC on April 9, 2017, at 11:00 pm (Eastern) where it mostly airs in between seasons of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" and \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\". The eight-episode second season was set to premiere on June 17, 2018. The initial lineup of guests set to appear were Chris Pratt, Bill Hader, Karen Gillan, Donald Glover, Ethan Hawke, Amy Adams, and Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg with Glover appearing in the season premiere. However, AMC pulled the show a day prior to the airing in light of allegations made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15026932", "chunk_text": "\"The Chris Gethard Show\"\nfinal episode of the third season aired on May 29, 2018. On August 6, 2018, Chris Gethard announced via Facebook that the show was canceled by truTV and is finished. The public-access run of the show consisted of hour-long episodes broadcast live at 11pm on Wednesday nights on MNN. Each episode opened with the theme song, Gethard's introduction of the panel, and the episode title, traditionally the first words in the episode, spoken by band member Bill Florio. The episode title generally explained the conceit of the episode, either as a call-in topic (such as \"\"Tell Us Something You've Never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15583160", "chunk_text": "\"Welcome to the Wayne\"\ngo on a journey & mission to discover the remains of the Wayne where everything won't be as it seems while also going up against the strange creatures dwelling in the Wayne as well as a group of secret agents who are also part of the building. The remaining episodes of season 1 are set to air on Nicktoons in the United States, starting on October 15, 2018. The season ended on October 26, 2018. On Nicktoons (UK and Ireland), the TV version has aired from January 15, 2018 until February 2018 as part of \"\"Toons Afternoons\"\", the afternoon schedule", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10257518", "chunk_text": "\"Not Going Out\"\ncomprising ten episodes began airing on 17 October 2014 and ended with a Christmas special on 24 December. A further Christmas special, which was shot at West London Film Studios, was aired on 24 December 2015. On 24 August 2016, it was confirmed that \"\"Not Going Out\"\" would return for an eighth series, which began airing on 13 January 2017 and ended on 3 March 2017. On 14 November 2017, it was confirmed that a Christmas Special will air in 2017. On 4 December 2017, it was confirmed that the Christmas Special will air on 24 December 2017. On 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4714536", "chunk_text": "\"David Letterman\"\nBaldwin introduced seven films for the series. In 2018, Letterman has been hosting a six-episode monthly series of hour-long programs on Netflix consisting of long-form interviews and field segments. The show, \"\"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman\"\", premiered January 12, 2018, featuring Barack Obama. In spite of Johnny Carson's clear intention to pass his title to Letterman, NBC selected Jay Leno to host \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" after Carson's departure. Letterman maintained a close relationship with Carson through his break with NBC. Three years after he left for CBS, HBO produced a made-for-television movie called \"\"The Late Shift\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10257550", "chunk_text": "\"Not Going Out\"\nOut\"\" began on 8 March 2018. In Series 9, two episodes were classically farcical: in Stolen, Lee and Lucy, having broken into their best friends' house, are forced to hide under their bed when their friends return unexpectedly early - and head straight for the bedroom; in Pants on Fire, lies build upon lies, and embarrassment soars to a crescendo. In Pets and Lollipop Man, they deal with common parents' dilemmas, and in Home Improvements and Escape Room they interact more with their parents - with, naturally, disastrous consequences. In Bust Up, Lucy contemplates having breast augmentation. Although filmed and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12510064", "chunk_text": "\"The Last O.G.\"\nproduction replacing FX Productions. On May 17, 2017, it was announced that the series had been titled \"\"The Last O.G.\"\" On July 27, 2017, it was announced that series would premiere on October 24, 2017 with two episodes airing for a full hour. However, on January 11, 2018, it was announced that series would premiere on April 3, 2018. The premiere had been delayed after the departure of series co-creator and showrunner John Carcieri, who left after production on season one had ended. He was replaced by Saladin K. Patterson. Alongside the initial pilot announcement, it was confirmed that Tracy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15026931", "chunk_text": "\"The Chris Gethard Show\"\nshow return to an hour-long format. In this season, the opening monologues became pre-taped. The final episode of Season 2 aired on June 1, 2016. On May 4, 2017, Gethard announced via Facebook Live that \"\"The Chris Gethard Show\"\" had been picked up by truTV, with sixteen weekly episodes to be broadcast live. It was later announced that the season would begin in August 2017. On the November 9, 2017 episode, Gethard announced that truTV had ordered an additional 10 episodes bringing the third season total up to 26. The new batch of episodes premiered on March 20, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3433208", "chunk_text": "\"Episodes (TV series)\"\nto begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"\"Episode Seven\"\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"\"Episodes\"\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12417864", "chunk_text": "@midnight\nnomination and win for Outstanding Social TV Experience at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards. On July 18, 2017, Comedy Central, Chris Hardwick, and Funny or Die mutually agreed to end \"\"@midnight with Chris Hardwick\"\". The final episode, the 600th, aired on August 4, 2017. Three guests compete in a series of Internet-themed improv games. \"\"Rapid Refresh\"\" is a game where contestants craft a funny response or choose an answer based on an Internet meme or trending news headline. On Thursdays during the run-up to the 2016 presidential primaries, this round was alternately referred to as \"\"Panderdome\"\" and focused on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5104720", "chunk_text": "\"Match Game\"\nthat are deemed inappropriate for broadcast are edited out with comical effects, including a slide whistle sound effect dubbed over the audible answer in place of the usual bleep censor. In addition, the answer card and celebrity's mouth may be blurred or pixelated. The show was picked up to fill ABC's winter programming schedule on January 4, 2017, airing on Wednesdays at 10:00 p.m. ET. On April 2, 2017, it began to be used as a mid-season replacement on Sunday evenings at 9:00 p.m. ET with newly-produced episodes filling in for three weeks to replace the cancelled period drama/sci-fi series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15068870", "chunk_text": "\"High Maintenance\"\n19, 2018. On February 21, 2018, HBO renewed the series for a third season, which will launch on January 20, 2019. Almost all of the episodes in this character-driven series are named after an unseen peripheral character that someone in the episode mentions (the one exception being \"\"Heidi\"\"). The characters are meant to be relevant, regardless of whether or not the viewer engages in similar activities. This web series is shot throughout various neighborhoods in Brooklyn and occasionally Manhattan. Each episode is between five and twelve minutes in length. \"\"Freed of the constraints of thirty-minute or one-hour formulas, the episodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409555", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nthe series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10952322", "chunk_text": "Vsauce\nin March 2017. Episodes of the show are scheduled until December 6, 2018. On December 6, 2017, Stevens released a second season to his YouTube Red exclusive show \"\"Mind Field\"\" on his main Vsauce channel. On March 24, 2018, Stevens was largely involved with a collaboration featured on HowToBasic's YouTube channel with YouTuber MaxMoeFoe, his friend Warrun, and several clips of different YouTubers screaming \"\"I'm HowToBasic\"\". The video was called \"\"Face Reveal\"\" for his 10 Million Subscriber Special, which was a video that led subscribers to believe that HowToBasic would reveal his identity in the video. Stevens was used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7159281", "chunk_text": "\"Koffee with Karan\"\nwas brought back and aired as the penultimate episode of the season with the finale, a best of episode, being aired on 19 March 2017. On 24 April 2018, Johar confirmed season 6 to be out in 2018 breaking the usual trend of a season every three years. On 18 August, Johar tweeted that the season premiere will air on 21 October 2018. On 21 October, the sixth season premiered with Deepika Padukone and Alia Bhatt as guests. In the third episode, Johar competed against guest Aamir Khan in the rapid fire round, while Malaika Arora appeared as a guest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10115390", "chunk_text": "\"Personal Jesus (Grey's Anatomy)\"\nson, Tucker and his friends. The eventual death of the patient prompts Bailey and Ben to discuss police brutality with Tucker. The episode was written by Zoanne Clack and directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan. The episode aired on American Broadcasting Company on January 25, 2018. Upon initial release, it was viewed by 8.62 million people, an increase of 0.35 million from the previous installment and the mid-season premiere \"\"1-800-799-7233\"\"; it also garnered a season-best 2.3/9 Nielsen rating. \"\"Personal Jesus\"\" was also the week's second most watched drama and ranked seventh on the list of most watched television programmes overall. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19494083", "chunk_text": "Pointless\nepisodes which will include 165 regular and 39 celebrity specials. With the start of the 11th series of \"\"Pointless Celebrities\"\" on 23 December 2017, the show gained a brand new set design and an updated intro that replaced the one used since the show's debut. This extended to the 19th series of the daytime version when it premiered on 2 April 2018. Episodes of \"\"Pointless\"\" are shown daily during weekdays, within a tea-time timeslot: Episodes of celebrity editions are primarily aired on Saturdays, during a prime-time evening timeslot: In Australia, \"\"Pointless\"\" has aired on both BBC UKTV (series 10 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11065003", "chunk_text": "\"Frankie Boyle's New World Order\"\nBoyle sitting against the desk delivering a final longer monologue to camera. The show premiered on 8 June 2017. Sara Pascoe and Katherine Ryan feature as weekly guests, with two other comedians, writers or journalists joining the panel each week, with data journalist Mona Chalabi becoming a regular from series two. The show returned for a review of the year on 29 December 2017 as \"\"Frankie Boyle’s 2017 New World Order\"\". \"\"Radio Times\"\" billed the show as \"\"Frankie Boyle’s 2017 New Year World Order\"\". The second series started on 18 May 2018, and was composed of seven episodes. Frankie Boyle's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13117079", "chunk_text": "\"We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry\"\nand Andra Heritage and produced by Simon Harries. Production companies involved with the series were slated to consist of Blink Films and Ann Curry Inc. On October 29, 2018, it was reported that the series would return for a second season that was scheduled to premiere on November 13, 2018. The series has received a positive reception since its premiere. Verne Gay of \"\"Newsday\"\" gave the show three out of four stars and commented that \"\"Curry’s trademark style is on display here but it’s not on over-display. She wisely stands aside for the most part and lets her subjects tell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8333772", "chunk_text": "\"Couch Time\"\non 8 January 2016. To celebrate the show's fifth anniversary, a new-look set styled like a loft apartment debuted on 11 January 2016, with Bentley joined by guest hosts. Carina Waye joined the show as a new host on 22 February 2016. The concluding segment of \"\"Couch Time\"\" returned to 6:30 pm on 13 March 2017; the block now airing from the original 4:00 pm until 6:30 pm timeslot. It remained in this slot until the final episode. It was announced in March 2017, that the series would be ending due to a “reallocation of resources”. The last episode will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "401378", "chunk_text": "\"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!\"\nhis death in April 2018. Several shows a year, usually coinciding with holidays or local National Public Radio (NPR) member station pledge drives, are compiled from segments from past episodes, or feature holiday-related theme programming (such as for the 4th of July, an entire program based on questions from American history adapted to fit the current events format), and are either recorded in front of an audience for later broadcast, or at WBEZ's studio facilities without an audience. Regular Infrequent Past panelists Though there are some deviations from time to time, episodes of \"\"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!\"\" feature the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8335492", "chunk_text": "\"Essie Harrison\"\ndeclared of his love for the pairing, but warned of his intention to develop the \"\"will they / won't they?' dynamic\"\" further. He explained that writers had planned \"\"big questions\"\" for them to face. The first questioning whether or not Essie has left having children too late in her life. The second being whether Sacha's family will ultimately be able to accept Essie. Wragg took a break from the series in 2018 and Essie departed in the twentieth series episode \"\"No Matter Where You Go, There You Are – Part Two\"\", broadcast on 27 March 2018. Essie's exit was not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19520600", "chunk_text": "\"Alone Together (TV series)\"\nfor a second season by Freeform in October 2017, before the first season had even aired. Season 2 premiered on August 1, 2018. All ten episodes were released for immediate streaming on Hulu. Season 2 guest stars included Carmen Electra, Nikki Glaser, Seth Morris, and Fran Drescher. Freeform cancelled the program on November 2, 2018 after two seasons. \"\"Alone Together\"\" did not garner a large viewership, with an average of 268,000 viewers per episode after seven days of DVR. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 62% based on 13 reviews, with an average", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10028694", "chunk_text": "\"Ejen Ali\"\nOctober 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (\"\"Meta Advance Tactical Agency\"\"), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1877961", "chunk_text": "\"Through the Keyhole\"\nwas based in the US and conducted the US property tours, while UK based Lisa Snowdon conducted the European property tours. A fourth series began airing on 7 January 2017, with a Christmas episode airing two weeks previously, on 24 December. Eight episodes were recorded at Pinewood Studios in July 2016. A fifth series began airing on 13 January 2018. Prior to this, an \"\"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!\"\" special aired in December 2017 instead of a Christmas episode. A sixth series will begin airing in January 2019. Prior to this, a Christmas special aired on 14 December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16469900", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Nye Saves the World\"\ncorrespondents assist in the presentation of the show. These include fashion model Karlie Kloss, science YouTuber and educator Derek Muller, comedian Nazeem Hussain, comedian and writer Joanna Hausmann, and the TV host and producer Emily Calandrelli. The thirteen-episode season premiered on April 21, 2017. The show's theme song was produced by Tyler, the Creator. On June 15, 2017, Nye announced on his Facebook page that the series had been renewed for a six-episodes second season, which premiered on December 29, 2017. On April 9, 2018, Netflix announced the show had been renewed for a six-episode third season, released on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19029685", "chunk_text": "\"Pua A'e La Ka Uwahi O Ka Moe\"\nBrian Tyler composed the incidental music. The teaser trailer was released immediately following the previous episode on November 2, 2018. Five additional promos were later released on November 9. In honor of the two-hundredth episode CBS also released a montage featuring scenes from previous episodes. The episode aired on November 9, 2018 and was watched live and same day by 7.5 million viewers. It ranked as the sixteenth most viewed episode for the week of November 5-11. In interviews with the cast and crew prior to the episode series star Alex O'Loughlin stated that \"\"It’s definitely a departure episode\"\"; meanwhile,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2465503", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Jefferies (comedian)\"\nOn 3 March 2017, Comedy Central announced \"\"The Jim Jefferies Show\"\", a new ten-episode weekly series, that premiered on 6 June 2017. Jefferies, hosting the show, takes a look on culture and politics behind his desk, and travels around the world to tackle the week’s top stories and most controversial issues. On 25 July 2017, the first season was extended with ten additional episodes, that completed airing on 21 November 2017. On 15 January 2018, Comedy Central renewed the series for a twenty-episode second season, which premiered on 27 March 2018. Jefferies has appeared on comedy panel shows such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16867145", "chunk_text": "\"Rude Tube\"\n2014 and 1 January 2015 respectively. The ninth series of Rude Tube debuted on Sunday 2 August 2015 on E4 with an episode entitled \"\"200% Cats\"\" - it ran for ten episodes with Zane returning as host. The series was followed by the regular Christmas and New Year specials, broadcast on Channel 4 on 25 December 2015 and 1 January 2016 respectively. The tenth series debuted on E4 on Monday 11 January 2016 with an episode entitled \"\"Daredevils & Dummies\"\". Rude Tube Christmas Cracker 2016 and Welcome To 2017 aired on Channel 4 on 24 and 30 December respectively. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10623150", "chunk_text": "\"Serena Campbell\"\nrole as Bernie during Russell's break; onscreen, Bernie left to be with Serena. On 8 September 2017, Russell confirmed that she would return to filming in October, with Serena's return airing in February 2018. Russell started filming her return scenes during the week commencing 16 October. Serena returns in the twentieth series episode \"\"Not Your Home Now\"\", first broadcast on 7 February 2018. Russell said she is pleased to reprise her role as she feels content that she has completed the things she wanted to do on her break. Serena returns after Hanssen asks her to become the acting CEO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20764015", "chunk_text": "\"After After Party\"\nsurprise guest drop ins; and the “NTK” or “Need To Know,” the nightly last word of fun and serviceable advice.\"\" On August 8, 2018, it was announced that Facebook had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of thirty episodes. The series was created by Julie Miller and set to be hosted by comedian Sonia Denis. Miller was also slated to serve as an executive producer. Production companies involved with the series were expected to include Refinery29. Each week's episodes are filmed twice a week on Mondays and Wednesdays, with shoots lasting between an hour to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11945719", "chunk_text": "\"Griffin Newman\"\nseason were released on August 25, 2017. The remaining six episodes of the first season were released on February 23, 2018. On January 17, 2018, Amazon ordered a second season of 10 episodes, expected to premiere in 2019. Newman has received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Everest. Newman has a small role in Woody Allen’s film \"\"A Rainy Day In New York\"\", set for release in 2018. In October 2017, Newman made a statement via his Twitter expressing his regret at taking the role in the film, due to the allegations of sexual misconduct against Allen. He announced he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10257549", "chunk_text": "\"Not Going Out\"\nviewers. On 14 November 2017, it was confirmed that a Christmas Special will air in 2017. The episode will feature Lee and Lucy facing a possible yuletide disaster when they discover the perfect present they have bought for their children has already been bought by grandparents. On 4 December 2017, it was confirmed that the Christmas Special will air on 24 December 2017. At a press screening event for Series 8 on 14 December 2016, it was confirmed that a ninth and tenth series of \"\"Not Going Out\"\" had been ordered by the BBC. The ninth series of \"\"Not Going", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20404447", "chunk_text": "\"The Only Way Is Essex\"\nreturned to the show mid-way through the series. This was also the first series to include new cast members Ruby Lacey and Taylor Barnett. Former cast member Danielle Armstrong also made a brief return to the series, appearing in the Halloween special episode airing on 29 October 2017. During the series it was announced that Carol Wright had quit the show. A further Essexmas episode aired on 17 December 2017. The twenty-second series began on 25 March 2018 with the cast heading to Barcelona and concluded on 27 May 2018 after ten episodes. The series was confirmed on 21 December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7252729", "chunk_text": "\"Oia'i'o\"\nreally important to bring it home, but this one is a clincher [...]\"\" while executive producer and showrunner, Peter M. Lenkov stated \"\"The fact that you can survive, 24 episodes later, is pretty significant.\"\" The episode aired on September 28, 2018 and was watched live and same day by 10.41 million viewers. It ranked as the fifteenth most viewed series for the week of May 16-22, 2011. Within seven days, by means of DVR and video on demand services the total number of viewers rose to 13.61 million. Reviews toward the episode were mostly positive. TV Fanatic gave the episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8249263", "chunk_text": "\"Within the Wires\"\nit has been published by Night Vale Presents since June 21, 2016. The narrator of the relaxation tapes is voiced by Janina Matthewson. During its run, the podcast typically airs on every other Wednesday. The first season ended on October 25, 2016; the second season premiered on September 5, 2017, and the third on September 4, 2018. In an interview with CBC Radio's \"\"Podcast Playlist\"\", Jeffrey Cranor explained that the initial idea behind the podcast was to use pre-existing audio guides as a template for storytelling, with the first season taking the form of a relaxation cassette program. Cranor had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9150307", "chunk_text": "\"The Guest Book\"\nawhile\"\", and that he hopes that it will be released at a later date. In mid-September, Garcia again posted on Twitter and confirmed that the episode would air the next Thursday as the eighth episode of the season, albeit in an edited form to fit its new place in the show's continuity. When the episode aired, the sensitive elements were revealed to be in relation to the Unite the Right rally which took place two weeks before the episode was originally due to air. The episode depicted an Alzheimer's patient regaining his spousal abuse tendencies and racist personality - going", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18551262", "chunk_text": "\"Documentary Now!\"\nbroadcast in its place. On August 1, 2018, it was announced that the third season would premiere on February 20, 2019. Additionally, it was reported that one of the episodes would be titled \"\"Waiting for the Artist\"\" and parody the documentary film \"\"Marina Abramovic: The Artist is Present\"\". Later that month, it was announced that another episode, entitled \"\"Original Cast Album: Co-Op\"\", would parody D.A. Pennebaker's 1970 documentary \"\"\"\". On September 6, 2018, two further season three episodes were announced. One episode, titled \"\"Any Given Saturday Afternoon\"\", was described as a parody of the 2006 documentary \"\"A League of Ordinary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19696243", "chunk_text": "\"A Place to Call Home (TV series)\"\n19 August 2018 and the final episode aired 21 October 2018. When Seven Network revealed its new television series lineup for 2012, \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" was mentioned alongside other titles. Seven Network's Angus Ross said that it would potentially premiere in late 2012, but would not be rushed to air by a certain date unless \"\"casting and other elements\"\" were right. The first season of \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" consisted of thirteen episodes. The pilot episode was originally broadcast on 28 April 2013, in the 8:30 pm time slot (previously occupied by \"\"Downton Abbey\"\"). Shortly after airing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_113	where was the original flight of the phoenix filmed?	n/a	[ "20th Century-Fox Studios", "Buttercup Valley, Arizona", "Pilot Knob Mesa, California" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13855179", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)\"\nan oasis with a manned oil rig, the men celebrate and Towns and Dorfmann are reconciled. Principal photography started April 26, 1965, at the 20th Century-Fox Studios and 20th Century-Fox Ranch, California. Other filming locations, simulating the desert, were Buttercup Valley, Arizona and Pilot Knob Mesa, California. The flying sequences were all filmed at Pilot Knob Mesa near Winterhaven, located in California's Imperial Valley, on the western fringes of Yuma, Arizona. In 2005, Hollywood aviation historian Simon Beck identified the aircraft used in the film: The C-82As were from Steward-Davies Inc. at Long Beach, California, while the O-47A came from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13855181", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)\"\nlandings, and on one touchdown the fuselage buckled. The movie model broke apart and cartwheeled, killing Mantz and seriously injuring stuntman Bobby Rose on board. Although principal photography was completed on August 13, 1965, in order to complete filming, a North American O-47A (N4725V) from the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California was modified and used as a flying \"\"Phoenix\"\" stand-in. With the canopy removed, a set of skids attached to the main landing gear as well as ventral fin added to the tail, it sufficed as more-or-less a visual lookalike. Filming using the O-47A was completed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10436655", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)\"\nThe Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film) The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1965 American drama film starring James Stewart, produced and directed by Robert Aldrich, and based on the 1964 novel \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" by Elleston Trevor. The story describes a small group of men struggling to survive their aircraft's emergency landing in the Sahara Desert, and stars Richard Attenborough, Peter Finch, Hardy Krüger and Ernest Borgnine. The ensemble cast includes Ian Bannen, Ronald Fraser, Christian Marquand, Dan Duryea and George Kennedy as other passengers on the aircraft. Though the film was a failure at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9878680", "chunk_text": "\"Tallmantz Phoenix P-1\"\nthere was a delay in the toxicology report, in which the blood alcohol content can read incorrectly higher. Mantz's body was flown back to Orange County in his B-25 camera plane, \"\"N1203\"\". The last credit of \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" pays tribute to Paul Mantz. Although principal photography \"\"wrapped\"\" on 13 August 1965, in order to complete filming, a North American O-47A ms/n 25-554 from The Air Museum in Claremont, California was modified and used as a flying Phoenix stand-in. With the canopy removed, a set of skids attached under the fuselage as well as a ventral fin added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10436656", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)\"\nbox office, it has since gained a large following. Frank Towns (James Stewart) is the pilot of a twin-engine Fairchild C-82 Packet cargo plane flying from Jaghbub to Benghazi in Libya; Lew Moran (Richard Attenborough) is the navigator. The passengers include Capt. Harris (Peter Finch) and Sgt. Watson (Ronald Fraser) of the British Army; Dr. Renaud (Christian Marquand), a physician; Heinrich Dorfmann (Hardy Krüger), a German aeronautical engineer; and an oil company accountant named Standish (Dan Duryea). There are also several oil workers, including Trucker Cobb (Ernest Borgnine), a foreman suffering from mental fatigue; Ratbags Crow (Ian Bannen), a cocky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "335369", "chunk_text": "\"Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film)\"\ncriticism was geared toward its similarity to the 1965 film, while praise related to the acting, direction and visuals. When an Amacore oil rig in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia proves unproductive, Captain Frank Towns (Dennis Quaid) and co-pilot A.J. (Tyrese Gibson) are sent to shut down the operation and transport the crew (Amacore executive Ian, rig supervisor Kelly, Rodney, Davis, Liddle, Jeremy, Sammi, Rady, Kyle, Newman, and Dr. Gerber) out of the desert, along with a load of cargo from the site to be liquidated or redistributed to another site, causing the plane to be overweight. However, en route", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9878676", "chunk_text": "\"Tallmantz Phoenix P-1\"\nmodel was built up from Fairchild R4Q-1 Flying Boxcar (a USMC version of the C-119C) components and was extensively used for ground shots, even running up its engine. This was a non-flying prop that the Phoenix P-1 very closely resembled. Principal photography started 26 April 1965 at the 20th Century Fox Studios and 20th Century Fox Ranch, California. Other filming locations were at Buttercup Valley and Pilot Knob Mesa, California. The flying sequences were all filmed at Pilot Knob Mesa, Winterhaven, located in Imperial Valley, California, on the northern fringes of Yuma, Arizona. Besides the Phoenix P-1 prop, a number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "335377", "chunk_text": "\"Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film)\"\nthe film's dialogue. Burns said, \"\"I probably did three drafts of it, and that was it. I never met Scott (Scott Frank, the other credited co-writer).\"\" This is the only film Burns has writing credit on that he did not also direct. Director John Moore scouted locations in Morocco and Australia before looking at, and quickly choosing, Namibia as the crash site. \"\"Where most of the film takes place, was only a 20 minute-drive from the coastal town of Swakopmund.\"\" The Namib Desert location caused problems: cameras and other equipment had to be constantly cleaned of sand, and a \"\"couple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13855180", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)\"\nthe Planes of Fame air museum in California. The R4Q-1 was purchased from Allied Aircraft of Phoenix, Arizona. The aerial camera platform was a B-25J Mitchell, \"\"N1042B\"\", which was also used in the 1970 film \"\"Catch-22\"\". The flying sequences were flown by Paul Mantz, co-owner of Tallmantz Aviation, filling in for his partner Frank Tallman, who had injured his leg. A famous racing/stunt/movie pilot and collector of warplanes, Paul Mantz was flying the Tallmantz Phoenix P-1, the machine that was \"\"made of the wreckage\"\", in front of the cameras on the morning of July 8, 1965. He was performing touch-and-go", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940524", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\nThe Flight of the Phoenix The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1964 novel by Elleston Trevor. The plot involves the crash of a transport aircraft in the middle of a desert and the survivors' desperate attempt to save themselves. The book was the basis for the 1965 film \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" starring James Stewart and the 2004 remake entitled \"\"Flight of the Phoenix\"\". \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" came at the midpoint of Trevor's career and led to a bidding war over its film rights. Pilot Frank Towns and navigator Lew Moran are ferrying a mixed bag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12452028", "chunk_text": "\"Knight of the Phoenix\"\npolice arrive, Michael takes off with KITT driving him to the hospital, leaving the burning plane and villains behind on the runway with the police approaching. After his recovery, Michael visits Maggie and promises her son one last ride inside KITT. Later, Michael meets Devon aboard his private jet where Michael agrees to stay with FLAG and carry out Wilton Knight's dream. They celebrate their new partnership with a drink. The pilot episode opening scenes were filmed in Las Vegas, Nevada on the night of August 8, 1982; the recovery scenes were filmed in Los Angeles, California through the days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940533", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\nThe book was the basis of a 1965 film starring James Stewart, Richard Attenborough, and Hardy Krüger. The 2004 remake featuring Dennis Quaid was also based on the novel, although it was re-located to the Gobi Desert in Asia. The Flight of the Phoenix The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1964 novel by Elleston Trevor. The plot involves the crash of a transport aircraft in the middle of a desert and the survivors' desperate attempt to save themselves. The book was the basis for the 1965 film \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" starring James Stewart and the 2004 remake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13855182", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)\"\nOctober/November 1965. It appears in the last flying scenes, painted to look like the earlier Phoenix P-1. The final production utilized a mix of footage that included the O-47A, the \"\"cobbled-together\"\" Phoenix and Phoenix P-1. The final credit on the screen was, \"\"It should be remembered... that Paul Mantz, a fine man and a brilliant flyer gave his life in the making of this film...\"\" The film opened in selected theaters on December 15, 1965, with a full release in 1966. Bosley Crowther of \"\"The New York Times\"\" dismissed it as \"\"grim and implausible\"\", while \"\"Variety\"\" praised the film as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940525", "chunk_text": "\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\nof passengers out of the Jebel oil town of the Libyan desert, among them oil workers, a couple of British soldiers, and a German who was visiting his brother. An unexpected sandstorm forces the aircraft down, damaging it, killing two of the men, and severely injuring the German. In the book, the action takes place in the Libyan part of the Sahara. The survivors wait for rescue but begin to worry, as the storm has blown them far off course, away from where searchers would look for them. After several days, Captain Harris marches toward a distant oasis together with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14565920", "chunk_text": "\"Flight (2012 film)\"\nGoodman joining later in the month, and Melissa Leo and James Badge Dale in final negotiations. Screenwriter John Gatins said in early October 2011 that production would begin mid-month. \"\"Flight\"\" was largely filmed on location near Atlanta, Georgia, over 45 days in November 2011. The film's relatively small budget of $31 million, which Zemeckis later calculated was his smallest budget in inflation-adjusted dollars since 1980, was due to tax rebates from Georgia and from Zemeckis and Washington having waived their customary fees. Gatins explained in a 2012 interview with the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" that the dramatic fictional crash depicted in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18072529", "chunk_text": "\"O'Hare International Airport\"\nbe heavily damaged or destroyed. Well-known movies that have filmed scenes at O'Hare include \"\"Contagion\"\", \"\"Couples Retreat\"\", \"\"Home Alone\"\" and \"\"\"\", \"\"The Jackal\"\" (1997), \"\"My Best Friend's Wedding\"\", \"\"Risky Business\"\", \"\"Sleepless in Seattle\"\", \"\"U.S. Marshals\"\" and \"\"Wicker Park\"\". The television series \"\"The Amazing Race\"\" and \"\"Prison Break\"\" have each filmed multiple scenes there. O'Hare International Airport O'Hare International Airport , typically referred to as O'Hare Airport, Chicago O'Hare, or simply O'Hare, is an international airport located on the far Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois, northwest of the Loop business district, operated by the Chicago Department of Aviation and covering .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4600576", "chunk_text": "\"Phantasm (film)\"\n\"\"flying by the seat of our pants.\"\" The actors would be called to perform their scenes and picked up as soon as they were available. Bannister did many of his own stunts. Though set in Oregon, shooting took place primarily in the San Fernando Valley in Chatsworth, California. The script changed often during production, and Bannister says that he never saw a completed copy of it; instead, they worked scene-by-scene and used improvisation. The script was characterized by Coscarelli as \"\"barely linear\"\". While it contained the basic concepts of the completed film, the script was unfocused and rewritten during filming.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "335368", "chunk_text": "\"Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film)\"\nFlight of the Phoenix (2004 film) Flight of the Phoenix is a 2004 American survival drama film and a remake of a 1965 film of the same name, both based on the 1964 novel \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\", by Elleston Trevor, about a group of people who survive an aircraft crash in the Gobi Desert and must build a new aircraft out of the old one to escape. The film stars Dennis Quaid and Giovanni Ribisi. \"\"Flight of the Phoenix\"\" opened in the U.S. on December 17, 2004. The film was a box-office failure, and received generally mixed reviews;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18024369", "chunk_text": "\"Flight to Nowhere\"\nlow-cost world. With the plot based on a pilot caught up in a smuggling ring, a Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior (c/n 1258, s/n 38-541, NC19933) was used. On location shooting took place just outside and mainly in Las Vegas, Nevada and Death Valley, California. Two hotels, the Furnace Creek Inn in Death Valley, and the Last Frontier hotel in Las Vegas, were featured. According to film historian Christian Santoir, \"\"Flight to Nowhere\"\" is a historical document. He notes: \"\"In spite of a good casting, this film with a meager budget, is handicapped by a confused scenario, in which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7354294", "chunk_text": "\"Wings of Fire (film)\"\nher North American P-51 Mustang racing aircraft with the intention of crashing it, Kitty is followed by Taff in his Grumman F8F Bearcat, who tries to talk her out of it. His soothing words finally make an impression and help to bring Kitty back safely. Although \"\"Wings of Fire\"\" was set in Florida, the actual location shooting took place at Brackett Field, La Verne/Pamona, California. The aircraft seen in the film were: Douglas C-47J Skytrain, Republic RC-3-1 Seabee, North American P-51D Mustang, Grumman F8F Bearcat and LeVier Cosmic Wind. In the opening credits, Tallmantz Aviation Inc. and Frank Tallman as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1221925", "chunk_text": "\"Tallmantz Phoenix P-1\"\nTallmantz Phoenix P-1 The Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 was an FAA-certified one-off aircraft built for the 1965 film production \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" and used in the picture's initial aerial sequences. Its pilot, Paul Mantz, died in an accident during a touch-and-go made to simulate a takeoff, after which it was replaced by a crudely modified North American O-47A. In late 1964 or early 1965 Tallmantz Aviation Inc. of Orange County, California was hired by 20th Century Fox to supervise the aerial sequences for their upcoming film, \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\". Paul Mantz and Frank Tallman, the owners of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958819", "chunk_text": "\"Flight of the Phoenix (Arrested Development)\"\nAnders Holm of \"\"Workaholics\"\") refuse to give him a copy of the magazine, which is reserved for passengers. Michael then must purchase a plane ticket; when told that the cheapest destination is Pittsburgh, he instead opts for the second cheapest, Phoenix, Arizona. Michael finally reads the article aboard the plane and, much to his dismay, discovers that it portrays him as a failed businessman. Michael steps out off the cool airport into the hot Phoenix sun, and hails a cab, but he ends up burning his hand on the handle. Later, desperately needing a place to stay, he returns to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2623623", "chunk_text": "\"Apogee of Fear\"\nmovie were produced prior to the flight and preloaded onto Garriott's flight camera. The opening credits were laid over graphics created by professional motion graphics artist Curtis Hickman, Tracy Hickman's son. Background video elements for the 'preview' were shot by Hickman at various locations outside St. George, Utah. Green screen elements of Helen Garriott — Richard's mother — were filmed in her home in Las Vegas. \"\"Project Icarus\"\" had some very stringent requirements: the film could not impact the crew work schedule, could not significantly add to the payload weight and volume restrictions, and had to be a fully executed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1824522", "chunk_text": "\"Flight to Mars (film)\"\nMars\"\" has some plot similarities to the Russian silent film \"\"Aelita\"\", but unlike that earlier film it is a low-budget \"\"quickie\"\" shot in just five days. The film's on location principal photography took place in Death Valley, California from May 11 through late May 1951. Except for some of the flight instruments, \"\"Flight to Mars\"\" reuses the interior flight deck sets, somewhat redressed, and other interior props from Lippert Pictures' 1950 science fiction feature \"\"Rocketship X-M\"\". Even that earlier film's spaceflight sound effects are reused, as are the concepts of space flight outlined in \"\"RX-M\"\" screenplay. The main difference is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8187640", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (House)\"\nseries creator David Shore, and was shot in Canada; later episodes would be shot on soundstages in California. Shore said that the writings of Berton Roueché, a \"\"The New Yorker\"\" staff writer who chronicled intriguing medical cases, inspired the plots for \"\"Pilot\"\" and other early episodes. Producer Bryan Singer originally demanded that an American actor play the role of House; according to Singer, the more foreign actors he watched audition for the part, the more sure he was that an American was needed. At the time of casting, Hugh Laurie was filming the movie \"\"Flight of the Phoenix\"\". He put", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4825687", "chunk_text": "\"Cock of the Air\"\nphotography for \"\"Cock of the Air\"\" took place first from mid-September to early October 1931. The primary location for the production was the Metropolitan Airport in Van Nuys, California where the remaining aircraft from the earlier \"\"Hell's Angels\"\" (1930), a total of 14 World War I-era and later aircraft, were assembled. In order to recoup some of the investment made in \"\"Hell's Angels\"\", Howard Hughes decided to recycle some of the sequences and unused footage for a pair of comedies set in the air, \"\"Sky Devils\"\" (1932) and the \"\"Cock of the Air\"\". \"\"The picture contained little air action ...\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20247201", "chunk_text": "\"Flight Angels\"\nDouglas Sleeper Transport, the initial variant of the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3 airliner, that had accommodations for 24 passengers during day and fitted out with 16 sleeper berths in the cabin for night, gave an air of authenticity to the film. Principal photography consisting of aerial shots and exteriors took place at Burbank Airport, California. Although a mix of studio mock-ups, real aircraft and model work was used effectively, the stock footage of DC-3s at the beginning of the film led to \"\"Flagship Illinois\"\" becoming \"\"Flagship Tennessee\"\" as the airliner begins to taxi from the gate and then becomes the \"\"Flagship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7530246", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Biroc\"\nto his film work, which included \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" (1946) and \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" (1965), Biroc worked on various television series, including the \"\"Adventures of Superman\"\" and \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". Biroc frequently collaborated with film director Robert Aldrich. Joseph F. Biroc was born on February 12, 1903 in New York City, New York as Joseph 'Joe' Francis Biroc. He attended Emerson High School in Union City, New Jersey only to drop out to pursue a career in film – a subject he'd been passionate about since childhood. He saw his “first movie in 1910 on a vacant lot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "448474", "chunk_text": "\"The Spirit of St. Louis (film)\"\nin Nova Scotia and at St. John's, Newfoundland, recreating the initial stages of the transatlantic flight. Principal photography began on September 2, 1955, with filming taking place at L'aérodrome de Guyancourt, near Versailles, which would stand-in for le Bourget. Difficulties with Stewart's schedule led to the abandoning of aerial sequences that had been planned with the veteran pilot actually flying one of the replicas over European locales. Ultimately, staged scenes using a mock-up on a sound stage had to suffice. The film's schedule was disrupted throughout the fall and only resumed in November when Stewart had completed two other films.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9964394", "chunk_text": "\"White Feather (film)\"\n(replacing another intended project, \"\"Hawk of the Desert\"\") before they left to set up at United Artists, and their first in CinemaScope. Robert Webb was assigned to direct and Robert Jacks (vice president at Panoramic) to produce. The lead cast originally announced in June 1954 were all Fox contractees - Robert Wanger, Jeffrey Hunter, Terry Moore, Dale Robertson and Rita Moreno. Moreno was replaced by Debra Paget. Moore and Robertson would not appear in the final film. Filming started July 1954 in Durango, Mexico. It was the first Hollywood movie shot in Durango, which would become an enormously popular location", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14435785", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunters (1958 film)\"\ndeath has changed his priorities; he remorsefully asks Kristina for another chance at their marriage. She decides to go with him. Saville and Kristina say their farewells but Saville is distracted as a squadron of jet fighters passes overhead. The flying scenes were principally filmed over the southwest United States in the vicinity of Luke and Williams Air Force Bases in Arizona. Ramp scenes were filmed at Luke while take-offs were staged from Gila Bend Air Force Auxiliary Field, which had the requisite primitive appearance, appropriate mountain backdrops, and where exteriors simulating rice paddies and a gate for Suwon Air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1471730", "chunk_text": "\"Flight (1929 film)\"\nscenes. Jack Holt who was an accomplished pilot, flew in the film but crashed during one scene. Capra pushed for aerial close-ups and in one scene, wanted Holt to stand up in the cockpit but his parachute had deployed, and he remained seated, causing the scene to be abandoned. Noted Marine Corps exhibition pilots Lts. Bill Williams and Jerry Jerome were also involved in the production. Capra also shot on location in La Mesa and Fallbrook, California, used for the Nicaragua scenes. Although a fictional treatment, the military action depicted in Nicaragua was based on the Battle of Ocotal on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10034863", "chunk_text": "\"Captains of the Clouds\"\nthe Canadian war effort.) The Warner Brothers principal cast and production crew of over 80 technicians along with \"\"half a million dollars of colour cinematography equipment\"\" came from Hollywood, crossing into Canada on July 12, 1941. Scenes filmed in Ottawa include several views of the historic Chateau Laurier hotel, Parliament, and the Cenotaph area. Much of the early footage involved a number of bush planes at the Woodcliff Camp on Trout Lake in North Bay, Ontario, and nearby Camp Caribou on Jumping Cariboo Lake in Marten River, Ontario. The aerial sequences were under the direction of Paul Mantz, long-time Hollywood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120432", "chunk_text": "\"Mayday at 40,000 Feet!\"\n\"\"Mayday at 40,00 Feet!\"\" , matched with an interior set featuring the flight deck and passenger compartments. Airport scenes were filmed at the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), where various air traffic control tower, terminals, runways and boarding areas were evident. Parts of the film were also shot in Salt Lake City. The final scenes were filmed at Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD). Aviation film historian Christian Santoir considered \"\"Mayday at 40,00 Feet!\"\" an essentially accurate depiction of flying a Boeing 727 airliner, including the use of emergency systems. However, the film did contain significant technical errors. \"\"Mayday at 40,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20415340", "chunk_text": "\"Night Flight (1933 film)\"\nand attention from Hollywood. Selznick realized that Oliver H.P. Garrett's original treatment was too heavily based on \"\"the ground\"\" and brought in John Monk Saunders, who had worked with him on \"\"The Dawn Patrol\"\" (1930), to add more flying scenes. Director Clarence Brown was dissatisfied with that version, so Selznick finally called on writer Wells Root to tighten up the final draft. Brown also was interested in an accurate portrayal of aviation, as he had been a World War I pilot. \"\"Night Flight\"\" utilized both studio and location shooting with the mountainous region around Denver, Colorado, filling in for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19475358", "chunk_text": "\"The Flying Irishman\"\nand chief pilot because he only wants to be a pilot, he is told that his goal is impossible, because passengers going \"\"to Cheyenne\"\" want to be confident of arriving at the correct destination! \"\"The Flying Irishman\"\" was made quickly, with principal photography taking place from November 15 to December 1938 in Van Nuys and Culver City, California, to exploit the huge public interest in the adventure. Although the production attempted to provide an accurate account of his life story, with Corrigan as himself in the lead role, many of the other parts were played by established character actors, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14951249", "chunk_text": "\"Murder in the Clouds\"\nidentified): Principal photography took place primarily at the Glendale Grand Central Air Terminal and airport, in the Warner Bros. studio, and at Big Bear Lake, California, from August 27 to September 15, 1934. The aircraft used included a Ford Trimotor and Travel Air Speedwings. Much of Dyer's aerial photography in \"\"Murder in the Clouds\"\" would be reused in future Warners programmers such as \"\"Fly-Away Baby\"\" and \"\"Fugitive in the Sky\"\". The two leads, Dvorak and Talbot were considered difficult by mainline studios; Talbot was actively involved in the Screen Actors Guild while Dvorak was known to advocate for equitable pay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "682008", "chunk_text": "\"A Gathering of Eagles\"\nformer World War II bomber pilot who had won an Academy Award for his first film (\"\"Marty\"\"), was eager to demonstrate that he could direct serious material and not merely light-hearted comedies which had not been as nearly well received. Filming was done at Beale Air Force Base, California, using the facilities, Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and Lockheed T-33 aircraft, Martin Marietta Titan I missile sites, and personnel of the 456th Strategic Aerospace Wing. The military housing used in several scenes is still used today as base housing at Beale AFB for senior commanders of the 9th Reconnaissance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3192394", "chunk_text": "\"Zeppelin (film)\"\nfilmed over a large water tank in Malta; scenes showing the sheds in which the Zeppelin was housed were filmed at the historic \"\"R100\"\"/\"\"R101\"\" airship sheds at Cardington, Bedfordshire, in England. Photographs taken from the air to depict the fictional Glen Mattock and Balcoven Castle were shot over Carreg Cennan Castle in Wales. The air combat scenes were filmed using Lynn Garrison's collection of World War I replica aircraft, originally assembled for 20th Century Fox's \"\"The Blue Max\"\" (1966). During the aerial filming, one of the S.E.5a replicas flown by Irish Air Corps pilot Jim Liddy, collided with the Alouette", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9991312", "chunk_text": "\"Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film)\"\nto Beijing, a major dust storm disables one engine when Towns attempts a vertical climb with the overweight plane, forcing them to crash land their C-119 Flying Boxcar in an uncharted area of the Gobi Desert. Kyle falls to his death and the crash kills Dr. Gerber and Newman. Their cargo consists of used parts and tools from the rig, the rig's crew, and Elliot (Giovanni Ribisi), a hitchhiker. When the dust storm ends, it becomes apparent that they are 200 miles off course with only a month's supply of water. Jeremy (Kirk Jones) thinks about walking to get help,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14048971", "chunk_text": "\"Fairchild C-82 Packet\"\nshots on it but with no damage to USAAF plane. The C-82 was retired from the US Air Force inventory in 1954. After the C-82A became surplus to United States Air Force requirements, small numbers were sold to civilian operators in Brazil, Chile, Mexico and the United States and these were utilized for many years as rugged freight aircraft capable of carrying bulky items of cargo. The last example was retired in the late 1980s. The C-82 is perhaps best known for its role in the 1964 novel, \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\", and Robert Aldrich's original 1965 film version.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3809483", "chunk_text": "\"Lafayette Escadrille (film)\"\n28 and Thomas-Morse Scout fighters along with other period aircraft such as one real Fokker D.VII and the ubiquitous Travelair \"\"Wichita Fokkers\"\" were \"\"lifted\"\" from Wellman's earlier 1938 production, \"\"Men with Wings\"\", an early color feature also directed by Wellman. Principal photography took place primarily at the Hancock Santa Maria, California airport. Hollywood stunt pilot Paul Mantz, built a number of Blériot XI \"\"Penguin\"\" clipped-wing and full span training aircraft, used in the training sequences. Wellman's script was rewritten by Paul Fix. Shooting took place October 19 to December 8, 1956. In the original cut of the film Tab Hunter's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6253409", "chunk_text": "\"Gallant Journey\"\nground. He dies from his injuries a few hours later. Principal photography on \"\"Gallant Journey\"\" took place from March 4 to June 1, 1946. The locations in use were Malibu, Del Monte and the movie ranch at Lasky Mesa, California. Wellman had a passion for flying which was expressed in a number of his films including \"\"Wings\"\" (1927) which won the first Academy Award for Best Picture, \"\"Young Eagles\"\" (1930), \"\"Central Airport\"\" (1933), \"\"Men with Wings\"\" (1938) and \"\"Thunder Birds\"\" (1942). \"\"Gallant Journey\"\" had its beginnings with the San Diego Junior Chamber of Commerce which had obtained the film rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9878681", "chunk_text": "\"Tallmantz Phoenix P-1\"\nto the tail, it was a poor but necessary stand-in. Filming using the O-47A was completed in October-November 1965. It appears in the last flying scenes, painted to look like the earlier Phoenix P-1. The final production used a mix of footage that included the O-47A, the \"\"cobbled-together\"\" Phoenix, and Phoenix P-1. Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 The Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 was an FAA-certified one-off aircraft built for the 1965 film production \"\"The Flight of the Phoenix\"\" and used in the picture's initial aerial sequences. Its pilot, Paul Mantz, died in an accident during a touch-and-go made to simulate a takeoff, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19769913", "chunk_text": "\"Con Air\"\na Las Vegas gambler. With second-unit work beginning on June 24, 1996, principal photography began shortly after at Salt Lake City, on July 1, 1996 and continued until October 29, 1996, at a number of locations. While most of the interiors of the Fairchild C-123 Provider transport aircraft were filmed in Hollywood Center Studios soundstage #7, Wendover Airport in Utah, as the stand in for the fictional Lerner Airfield, was used for the C-123 flying and taxi scenes. Director Simon West chose the barren and remote Wendover area \"\"because it looked like the surface of the moon ... My idea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8667711", "chunk_text": "\"Amelia Earhart (miniseries)\"\n1937\"\"; however despite the lack of speculation \"\"the clues that do exist are presented in full\"\". Mainly staying close to the historical record, one departure is portraying stunt pilot Paul Mantz as her \"\"purported lover\"\", a long-standing rumor that has never been substantiated. Sobieski's screenplay drew on \"\"her own experiences as a licensed pilot\"\". Principal photography took place at Camarillo Airport, California, with aerial sequences flown by well-known aerobatic pilot Art Scholl and Frank Tallman, owner of Tallmantz Aviation, a company primarily involved in flying for film and television production. A de Havilland Moth appeared in place of the Avro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5891155", "chunk_text": "\"The Concorde ... Airport '79\"\na runway. It lands successfully. While passengers are being rescued, Maggie gives a report of the accident to a news reporter and mentions a major story she is about to release. Harrison is seeing the newscast in his private plane and commits suicide. At the crash site, the last of the crew leaves the Concorde shortly before the fuselage caves in and explodes from the leaking fuel. It took producer Jennings Lang a number of years to get permission from Air France to use the Concorde. Parts of the film were also shot in Alta, Utah. The film was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14537673", "chunk_text": "\"The Dawn Patrol (1938 film)\"\nSeptember 15. Airfield exteriors were shot at the Warner Brothers Ranch near Calabasas, California. Although a great deal of aerial footage was reused from the earlier 1930 production, Howard Hawks assembled a variety of aircraft in a film squadron to shoot additional flying scenes for the original version of \"\"The Dawn Patrol\"\". Hawks used rebuilt Nieuport 28s as the primary aircraft type for the British squadron, and Travel Air 4000s (reconfigured for films and popularly known as \"\"Wichita Fokkers\"\") for German fighters, but other aircraft in his small fleet included Standard J-1s for shots of entire squadrons, some of which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14902089", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanted Wings\"\n\"\"I Wanted Wings\"\" began in the summer of 1940 at Randolph Field near San Antonio, Texas. Principal photography took place from August 26 to December 19, 1940. The United States Army Air Corps provided 1,160 aircraft, 1,050 cadets, 450 officers and instructors and 2,543 enlisted men for the film. One of the film's premieres was subsequently held at Randolph Field. Paramount's production company relied heavily on location shooting, bringing 130 actors and technicians to Texas. The cast and crew blended in with over 200 student pilots in primary training. Aerial coordinator Paul Mantz was able to utilize massed formations of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "379838", "chunk_text": "\"High Flight (film)\"\nas the Black Arrows. Film of the team at the 1956 Farnborough Airshow was featured. When inclement weather interrupted filming at their home base, the production moved to RAF Leuchars in Fife. Scotland, home base of No. 43 Squadron RAF. RAF Station Leuchars later stood in for RAF Station Wunsdorf in West Germany. Principal photography which began on 10 April 1957, also took place at RAF Station Cranwell, Lincolnshire, utilising not only the facility but also film of the graduating ceremony of an actual training course, as well as RAF Chivenor, Devon, United Kingdom. The use of RAF Percival Provost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_114	where was uncle tom's cabin first published?	n/a	[ "The National Era" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2896277", "chunk_text": "\"\"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home\"\nas vicious sadists, even though he is not. Likewise Dr. Tennyson - Julia's father and a Scotsman - objects because he supports the view of all planters as violent and cruel. The Tennysons eventually make their way to South Carolina from New York, and after several philosophical discussions regarding American slavery, Eugene and Julia are allowed to marry. The story ends as the newlyweds embark on a ship to England for their honeymoon. The novel was first published in 1852 in hardback form by D. Fanshaw of New York City. It has been recently reprinted by Kessinger Publishing. \"\"Uncle Tom's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950585", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\ninstantly popular, such that several protests were sent to the \"\"Era\"\" office when she missed an issue. Because of the story's popularity, the publisher John P. Jewett contacted Stowe about turning the serial into a book. While Stowe questioned if anyone would read \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" in book form, she eventually consented to the request. Convinced the book would be popular, Jewett made the unusual decision (for the time) to have six full-page illustrations by Hammatt Billings engraved for the first printing. Published in book form on March 20, 1852, the novel sold 3,000 copies on that day alone, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18465369", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nTom's Cabin\"\". Major collections of \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" books, ephemera, and artifacts reside at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia and the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have \"\"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War\"\". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950577", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nUncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have \"\"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War\"\". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950587", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nwas not until Ticknor and Fields put the work back in print in November 1862 that demand began again to increase. The book was translated into all major languages, and in the United States it became the second best-selling book after the Bible. A number of the early editions carried an introduction by Rev James Sherman, a Congregational minister in London noted for his abolitionist views. \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" sold equally well in Britain, with the first London edition appearing in May 1852 and selling 200,000 copies. In a few years over 1.5 million copies of the book were in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950584", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nmentioned a number of the inspirations and sources for her novel in \"\"A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1853). This non-fiction book was intended to verify Stowe's claims about slavery. However, later research indicated that Stowe did not read many of the book's cited works until after she had published her novel. \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" first appeared as a 40-week serial in \"\"The National Era\"\", an abolitionist periodical, starting with the June 5, 1851, issue. It was originally intended as a shorter narrative that would run for only a few weeks. Stowe expanded the story significantly, however, and it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11579768", "chunk_text": "\"Aunt Phillis's Cabin\"\nAunt Phillis's Cabin Aunt Phillis's Cabin; or, Southern Life As It Is by Mary Henderson Eastman is a plantation fiction novel, and is perhaps the most read anti-Tom novel in American literature. It was published by Lippincott, Grambo & Co. of Philadelphia in 1852 as a response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", published earlier that year. The novel sold 20,000–30,000 copies, making it a strong commercial success and bestseller. Based on her growing up in Warrenton, Virginia of an elite planter family, Eastman portrays plantation owners and slaves as mutually respectful, kind, and happy beings. Published in 1852,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12299570", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom\"\na Jesus-like figure who is ultimately martyred, beaten to death by a cruel master because he refuses to betray the whereabouts of two women who had escaped from slavery. Stowe reversed the gender conventions of slave narratives by juxtaposing Uncle Tom's passivity against the daring of three African American women who escape from slavery. The novel was both influential and commercially successful, published as a serial from 1851 to 1852 and as a book from 1852 onward. An estimated 500,000 copies had sold worldwide by 1853, including unauthorized reprints. Senator Charles Sumner credited \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" for the election of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9898444", "chunk_text": "\"A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nA Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin is a book by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was published to document the veracity of the depiction of slavery in Stowe's anti-slavery novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1852). First published in 1853 by Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, the book also provides insights into Stowe's own views on slavery. After the publication of \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", Southerners accused Stowe of misrepresenting slavery. In order to show that she had neither lied about slavery nor exaggerated the plight of enslaved people, she compiled \"\"A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1088634", "chunk_text": "\"Harriet Beecher Stowe\"\nnot be silent.\"\" Shortly after in June, 1851, when she was 40, the first installment of her \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" was published in serial form in the newspaper \"\"The National Era\"\". She originally used the subtitle \"\"The Man That Was A Thing\"\", but it was soon changed to \"\"Life Among the Lowly\"\". Installments were published weekly from June 5, 1851, to April 1, 1852. For the newspaper serialization of her novel, Stowe was paid $400. \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" was published in book form on March 20, 1852, by John P. Jewett with an initial print run of 5,000 copies. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12299569", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom\"\nUncle Tom Uncle Tom is the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". The term \"\"Uncle Tom\"\" is also used as a derogatory epithet for an exceedingly subservient person, particularly when that person is aware of their own lower-class status based on race. The use of the epithet is the result of later works derived from the original novel. At the time of the novel's initial publication in 1851, Uncle Tom was a rejection of the existing stereotypes of minstrel shows; Stowe's melodramatic story humanized the suffering of slavery for white audiences by portraying Tom as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5385359", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Robin, in His Cabin in Virginia, and Tom Without One in Boston\"\nUncle Robin, in His Cabin in Virginia, and Tom Without One in Boston Uncle Robin, in His Cabin in Virginia, and Tom Without One in Boston (sometimes shortened to simply Uncle Robin's Cabin) is an 1853 novel written by J.W. Page and released by J. W. Randolph Publishers of Richmond, Virginia. \"\"Uncle Robin\"\" is one of several examples of the pro-slavery anti-Tom or plantation literature genre that emerged in the Southern United States. They were written in response to the publication of the bestselling abolitionist novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", released in book form in 1852, and were read both in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16872797", "chunk_text": "\"Anti-Tom literature\"\nAnti-Tom literature Anti-Tom literature refers to the 19th century pro-slavery novels and other literary works written in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". Also called plantation literature, these writings were generally written by authors from the Southern United States. Books in the genre attempted to show either that slavery was beneficial to African Americans or that the evils of slavery as depicted in Stowe's book were overblown and incorrect. First published in serialized form from 1851–52 (in the abolitionist journal \"\"The National Era\"\"), and in book form in 1852, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe quickly became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950580", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\ninclude the affectionate, dark-skinned \"\"mammy\"\"; the \"\"pickaninny\"\" stereotype of black children; and the \"\"Uncle Tom\"\", or dutiful, long-suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress. In recent years, the negative associations with \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a \"\"vital antislavery tool.\"\" Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, wrote the novel as a response to the passage, in 1850, of the second Fugitive Slave Act. Much of the book was composed in Brunswick, Maine, where her husband, Calvin Ellis Stowe, taught at his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12828080", "chunk_text": "\"Harriet Beecher Stowe\"\nHarriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions for enslaved African Americans. The book reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1557322", "chunk_text": "\"The National Era\"\nThe National Era The National Era was an abolitionist newspaper that ran from 1847 to 1860. Published weekly in Washington D.C., it contained seven columns and was four pages long. \"\"The National Era\"\" was noted for its large size and unique type. It featured the works of John Greenleaf Whittier who served as the associated editor and the first publication, as a serial, of Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1851). \"\"The National Era Prospectus\"\" stated in 1847: Two months after the establishment of \"\"The National Era\"\", \"\"The Soft Answer\"\" was published on its back page by T.S. Arthur. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18465295", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nsomething as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings. \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States; one million copies in Great Britain. In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called \"\"the most popular novel of our day.\"\" The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12828100", "chunk_text": "\"Harriet Beecher Stowe\"\nTom's Cabin\"\". Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions for enslaved African Americans. The book reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15582698", "chunk_text": "\"The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself\"\n\"\"The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave: As Narrated by Himself\"\". It has now been reproduced by various publishing companies including Applewood Biks () and Dover Publications (). After the publication was released in 1849 it received little public attention until Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", was published in 1852. Soon after it became widely believed, and Stowe confirmed the connection, that Hensen's book and life experience was a major source of her work. This slave narrative, begins with an 'Advertisement.' In the case of this book, the use of the word Advertisement is not to introduce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11291907", "chunk_text": "\"John P. Jewett\"\nJohn P. Jewett John Punchard Jewett (1814–1884) was a Boston publisher, best known for first publishing \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" in book form in 1852. Jewett started a business in Boston publishing textbooks and religious textbooks in 1846. He also began to publish anti-slavery pieces. By 1851 he had also moved into fiction, publishing \"\"The Sunny Side\"\" by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (the mother of Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward). In late 1851, along with his half-brother H.P.B. Jewett and partners Proctor and Worthington, he formed a second publishing business in Cleveland, which took on the responsibility of selling \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16837920", "chunk_text": "\"Serial (literature)\"\nfor published works. One of the first significant American works to be released in serial format is \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which was published over a 40-week period by \"\"The National Era\"\", an abolitionist periodical, starting with the June 5, 1851 issue. Serialization was so standard in American literature that authors from that era often built installment structure into their creative process. James, for example, often had his works divided into multi-part segments of similar length. The consumption of fiction during that time was different than in the 20th century. Instead of being read in a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950617", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nThe first London edition appeared in May 1852 and sold 200,000 copies. Some of this interest was because of British antipathy to America. As one prominent writer explained, \"\"The evil passions which \"\"Uncle Tom\"\" gratified in England were not hatred or vengeance [of slavery], but national jealousy and national vanity. We have long been smarting under the conceit of America—we are tired of hearing her boast that she is the freest and the most enlightened country that the world has ever seen. Our clergy hate her voluntary system—our Tories hate her democrats—our Whigs hate her parvenus—our Radicals hate her litigiousness,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4355106", "chunk_text": "\"James Sherman (minister)\"\nWilliam Allen. Of political significance in the 1850s was a semi-fictional book written on one side of the Atlantic, to which James Sherman contributed an introduction written on the other. This was \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", by the American Congregationalist Harriet Beecher Stowe, with Sherman's introduction from London. The number of copies of the work sold was unprecedented in American literature. It was written in serial form for \"\"The National Era\"\", an abolitionist newspaper, in 1851. When it appeared as a two volume work by March 1852, with Sherman's introduction, it quickly became a historic work. For the book's promotional tour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8683908", "chunk_text": "\"Life at the South; or, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" as It Is\"\nLife at the South; or, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" as It Is Life at the South; or, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" As It Is (also known by its shorter title of Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is) is an 1852 plantation fiction novel written by William L.G. Smith. \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is\"\" is an example of the anti-Tom or pro-slavery plantation literature genre, novels that were produced following the publication of the bestselling \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe. Critics felt Stowe's work inaccurately depicted or otherwise exaggerated the evils of slaveholding. Smith's novel follows the general pattern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18465337", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nher insolence, and her ambition. All parties hailed Mrs. Stowe as a revolter from the enemy.\"\" Charles Francis Adams, the American minister to Britain during the war, argued later that \"\"\"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\"; or \"\"Life among the Lowly\"\", published in 1852, exercised, largely from fortuitous circumstances, a more immediate, considerable and dramatic world-influence than any other book ever printed.\"\" A French edition, translated by M. L. Carion (or by [Anne-]Louise Swanton-Belloc?, 1796–1881), appeared by 1853 published in Cambrai and in Paris. By 1857, the novel had been translated into 20 languages, including two independent translations into Slovene just one year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19793975", "chunk_text": "\"The National Era\"\nto get two sides to agree is something that many felt that the North and South could use to abolish slavery and integrate the African Americans into society. The National Era The National Era was an abolitionist newspaper that ran from 1847 to 1860. Published weekly in Washington D.C., it contained seven columns and was four pages long. \"\"The National Era\"\" was noted for its large size and unique type. It featured the works of John Greenleaf Whittier who served as the associated editor and the first publication, as a serial, of Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1851). \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18465339", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nshort article which was published in the oficial newspaper of the Salvadoran government in July 22, 1853 praised Harriet Beecher Stowe and her book's success. As the first widely read political novel in the United States, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" greatly influenced development of not only American literature but also protest literature in general. Later books which owe a large debt to \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" include \"\"The Jungle\"\" by Upton Sinclair and \"\"Silent Spring\"\" by Rachel Carson. Despite this undisputed significance, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" has been called \"\"a blend of children's fable and propaganda.\"\" The novel has also been dismissed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4335360", "chunk_text": "\"Anti-Tom literature\"\nof the bestselling novels of the genre. Published in 1852, it sold 20,000 to 30,000 copies. In a note in the book, Eastman proudly stated she was a descendant of the First Families of Virginia. \"\"\"\", by Philip J. Cozans, was a rare example of anti-Tom literature intended to be a children's novel. Among the novels in the anti-Tom genre are: Anti-Tom literature Anti-Tom literature refers to the 19th century pro-slavery novels and other literary works written in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". Also called plantation literature, these writings were generally written by authors from the Southern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13948552", "chunk_text": "\"Gamaliel Bailey\"\npublishing anti-slavery articles until 1847, in spite of threats and acts of violence–the printing office of the \"\"Philanthropist\"\" was wrecked three times by pro-slavery mobs. Beginning in 1843, Bailey also edited a daily paper, the \"\"Herald.\"\" In 1847, he assumed control of the new abolitionist publication, the \"\"National Era,\"\" in Washington, D.C. His offices were attacked by pro-slavery mobs; in 1848, he and his printers were under siege for three days as a mob held them hostage. This paper had a considerable circulation nationally. In 1851—1852, it published Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin,\"\" in serial form. In 1859,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950612", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nthe American South. The novel was also roundly criticized by slavery supporters. Acclaimed Southern novelist William Gilmore Simms declared the work utterly false, while others called the novel criminal and slanderous. Reactions ranged from a bookseller in Mobile, Alabama, being forced to leave town for selling the novel to threatening letters sent to Stowe (including a package containing a slave's severed ear). Many Southern writers, like Simms, soon wrote their own books in opposition to Stowe's novel. Some critics highlighted Stowe's paucity of life-experience relating to Southern life, saying that it led her to create inaccurate descriptions of the region.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5066107", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom\"\nlater republished in two extensively revised editions after the publication of \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". Henson was enslaved at birth in 1789. He became a Christian at age eighteen and began preaching. Henson attempted to purchase his freedom for $450, but after selling his personal assets to raise $350 and signing a promissory note for the remainder Henson's owner raised the price to $1000; Henson was unable to prove that the original agreement had been for a lesser amount. Shortly afterward Henson was ordered on a trip south to New Orleans. When he learned that he was to be sold there,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3287094", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site\"\nUncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site is an open-air museum and African American history centre near Dresden, Ontario, Canada, that includes the home of Josiah Henson, a former slave, author, abolitionist, and minister, who, through his 1849 autobiography \"\"The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself\"\", was the inspiration for Harriet Beecher Stowe's title character in her novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". The complex is part of the original of land purchased in 1841 to establish the Dawn Settlement, a community for escaped slaves. The original Henson cabin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4235569", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin (1910 film)\"\nUncle Tom's Cabin (1910 film) Uncle Tom's Cabin is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company. The film was adapted by from the 1852 novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The plot of the Thanhouser production streamlined the actual story to portray the film over the course of a single reel. The film was released on July 26, 1910, on the same day that Vitagraph released the first reel of their own three reel version of \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". This prompted the Thanhouser Company to advertise against the Vitagraph film by referring to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12828096", "chunk_text": "\"Harriet Beecher Stowe\"\nglass window\"\", created by Louis Comfort Tiffany. The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Brunswick, Maine, is where Stowe lived when she wrote \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin.\"\" Her husband was teaching theology at nearby Bowdoin College, and she regularly invited students from the college and friends to read and discuss the chapters before publication. Future Civil War general, and later Governor, Joshua Chamberlain was then a student at the college and later described the setting. \"\"On these occasions,\"\" Chamberlain noted, \"\"a chosen circle of friends, mostly young, were favored with the freedom of her house, the rallying point being, however, the reading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950581", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nalma mater, Bowdoin College. Stowe was partly inspired to create \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by the slave narrative \"\"The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself\"\" (1849). Henson, a formerly enslaved black man, had lived and worked on a tobacco plantation in North Bethesda, Maryland, owned by Isaac Riley. Henson escaped slavery in 1830 by fleeing to the Province of Upper Canada (now Ontario), where he helped other fugitive slaves settle and become self-sufficient, and where he wrote his memoirs. Stowe acknowledged in 1853 that Henson's writings inspired \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14170463", "chunk_text": "\"Seth and Mary Eastman\"\nUS Congress in 1849; it is online on Project Gutenberg. After the Eastmans returned to the East, they lived in Washington, D.C. In the years of tension before the American Civil War, many writers published novels that dealt with each side of the slavery issue. After the stir caused by Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", Mary Henderson Eastman defended southern slaveholding society by writing \"\"Aunt Phillis's Cabin: or, Southern Life As It Is\"\" (1852). It sold 20,000–30,000 copies, making it a bestseller and one of the best-known of the anti-Tom novels produced in that period..She died on February,24", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10547712", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Green (freedman)\"\nSamuel Green (freedman) Samuel Green (c. 1802 – ) was an African-American slave, freedman, and minister of religion, who was jailed in 1857 for possessing a copy of the anti-slavery novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe. He was born in East New Market, Maryland, to an enslaved mother. His father may have been enslaved. The identity of both parents remains unknown. He labored for his enslaver, Henry Nichols, until Nichols's death in 1832. A provision in Nichols's will enabled Green to buy his freedom. Samuel then worked as a farmer and as a minister or exhorter in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "156200", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Green (freedman)\"\nknown as Morgan State University. He and Kitty moved to Baltimore around 1874, presumably to devote more time to the Institute. Sam Green died there on . Samuel Green (freedman) Samuel Green (c. 1802 – ) was an African-American slave, freedman, and minister of religion, who was jailed in 1857 for possessing a copy of the anti-slavery novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe. He was born in East New Market, Maryland, to an enslaved mother. His father may have been enslaved. The identity of both parents remains unknown. He labored for his enslaver, Henry Nichols, until Nichols's death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8683911", "chunk_text": "\"Life at the South; or, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" as It Is\"\nand mistreated in Buffalo, Illinois after attempting to return home, Tom finally ends up in Canada. Erskine is waiting there to \"\"rescue\"\" Tom from his freedom and to take him back to \"\"good old Virginia\"\". Life at the South; or, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" as It Is Life at the South; or, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" As It Is (also known by its shorter title of Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is) is an 1852 plantation fiction novel written by William L.G. Smith. \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is\"\" is an example of the anti-Tom or pro-slavery plantation literature genre, novels that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18465338", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nafter its original publication, which started the since-then uninterrupted dialogue between American authors and Slovene translators and readers. Later, it was translated into almost every major language, including Chinese (with translator Lin Shu creating the first Chinese translation of an American novel in 1901) and Amharic (with the 1930 translation created in support of Ethiopian efforts to end the suffering of blacks in that nation). The book was so widely read that Sigmund Freud reported a number of patients with sado-masochistic tendencies who he believed had been influenced by reading about the whipping of slaves in \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\". A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19384689", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Bungalow\"\nUncle Tom's Bungalow Uncle Tom's Bungalow is an American \"\"Merrie Melodies\"\" animated cartoon directed by Tex Avery, and released to theatres on June 5, 1937 by Warner Bros. The short cartoon is a parody of the 1852 novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" and of the \"\"plantation melodrama\"\" genre of the 1930s. It contains many stereotypical portrayals of black characters. The cartoon plays off Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel in that it portrays Uncle Tom as an old man, and wooden shacks and cotton fields pervade the scenery. Director Tex Avery adds his own sense of humor and \"\"trickster\"\" animation, giving the classic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7652438", "chunk_text": "\"The Cabin and Parlor; or, Slaves and Masters\"\nThe Cabin and Parlor; or, Slaves and Masters The Cabin and Parlor; or, Slaves and Masters is an 1852 novel written by Charles Jacobs Peterson under the pseudonym of J. Thornton Randolph. \"\"The Cabin and Parlor\"\" is an example of the pro-slavery plantation literature genre that emerged from the Southern United States in response to the abolitionist novel \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which had been published in book form in that year, and had been criticised in the Southern United States for exaggerating the workings of slaveholding. Whereas the majority of anti-Tom novels focussed on the evils", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12755208", "chunk_text": "\"Aunt Phillis's Cabin\"\ncopies within the first weeks of publication. \"\"Aunt Phillis's Cabin\"\" was released in 1852 – the same year that \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" appeared in book form – by Lippincott, Grambo & Co. of Philadelphia (better known as J. B. Lippincott & Co.) As a major publishing house, the company released other anti-Tom novels, including \"\"\"\" by Martha Haines Butt (1853), and \"\"Mr. Frank, the Underground Mail-Agent\"\" by Vidi (1853). Aunt Phillis's Cabin Aunt Phillis's Cabin; or, Southern Life As It Is by Mary Henderson Eastman is a plantation fiction novel, and is perhaps the most read anti-Tom novel in American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5877691", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Delany\"\nto Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\", in 1859 and 1862, Delany published parts of \"\"\"\" in serialized form. His novel portrayed an insurrectionist's travels through slave communities. He believed that Stowe had portrayed slaves as too passive, although he praised her highlighting the cruelty of Southern slave owners. Modern scholars have praised Delany's novel as an accurate interpretation of black culture. The first half of Part One was serialized in \"\"The Anglo-African Magazine\"\", January to July 1859. The rest of Part One was included in serial form in the \"\"Weekly Anglo African Magazine\"\" from 1861 to 1862. In May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9898449", "chunk_text": "\"A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nwomen, especially southern women, not to read Stowe’s productions. In spite of the varied reviews of \"\"A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin\"\", it sold quite well. It was a bestseller when it first came out, perhaps simply as a result of the obvious connection to \"\"Uncle Tom’s Cabin\"\", and Stowe’s celebrity. Although it never sold to the quantities of \"\"Uncle Tom’s Cabin\"\", it had sold 90,000 copies within a month of being published. A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin is a book by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was published to document the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16577460", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Children\"\nHarriet Beecher Stowe's \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin,\"\" an anti-slavery novel published in 1852. \"\"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow\"\" follows Richard Wright's own experiences growing up in the Jim Crow era. The essay begins with Wright's first encounter with racism as a child, when his attempt to play a war game with white children turns violent, and ends with a scolding from his mother, blaming him for the incident. The rest of the essay follows his experiences as a Black man in the South through his adolescence and adulthood. He describes his experiences with racism at his first job, at an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2896275", "chunk_text": "\"\"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home\"\n\"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home is an 1852 novel by Robert Criswell, combining elements of Anti-Tom literature and romantic fiction. The novel is one of several written in response to \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which had been criticised by writers from both North and South for its allegedly exaggerated and/or inaccurate depiction of slavery. However, despite being written initially as a response to Stowe, Criswell's novel is a romance novel depicting love between a northern woman and a southern plantation owner. Slavery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950633", "chunk_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\nthe time but now largely forgotten, offers a defense of slavery as seen through the eyes of a northern woman—the daughter of an abolitionist, no less—who marries a southern slave owner. In the decade between the publication of \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" and the start of the American Civil War, between twenty and thirty anti-Tom books were published. Among these novels are two books titled \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is\"\" (one by W. L. Smith and the other by C. H. Wiley) and a book by John Pendleton Kennedy. More than half of these anti-Tom books were written by white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14732712", "chunk_text": "\"Sambo (racial term)\"\nFair\"\" (serialised from 1847), the black skinned Indian servant of the Sedley family from Chapter One, is called Sambo. Similarly, in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, \"\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\"\" (1852), one of Simon Legree's overseers is named Sambo. Instances of it being used as a stereotypical name for African Americans can be found as early as the Civil War. Sambo's Grave is the 1736 burial site of a young dark-skinned cabin boy or slave, on unconsecrated ground in a field near the small village of Sunderland Point, near Heysham and Overton, Lancashire, England. Sunderland Point used to be a port, serving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11415114", "chunk_text": "\"Theodore Dwight Weld\"\nTheodore Dwight Weld Theodore Dwight Weld (November 23, 1803 in Hampton, Connecticut – February 3, 1895 in Hyde Park, Massachusetts) was one of the architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years from 1830 through 1844, playing a role as writer, editor, speaker, and organizer. He is best known for his co-authorship of the authoritative compendium \"\"\"\", published in 1839. Harriet Beecher Stowe partly based \"\"Uncle Tom’s Cabin\"\" on Weld's text and it is regarded as second only to that work in its influence on the antislavery movement. Weld remained dedicated to the abolitionist movement until slavery was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_115	who has the most podium finishes in australia?	n/a	[ "Michael Schumacher" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5958362", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Sprintcar Championship\"\ndrivers are not eligible to participate in this event. Retired Sydney based driver Garry Rush holds the record with ten Australian championship wins and 18 podium finishes between 1966 and 1998. New South Wales based drivers have dominated the title with 36 wins from 52 championships. Six drivers were from Victoria, three each from South Australia and Western Australia, two winners have been from Queensland, and one from Tasmania. While many successful Australian Sprintcar drivers started out racing Speedcars, only three drivers have ever won both the Australian Sprintcar Championship and the Australian Speedcar Championship. They being Sydney drivers George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17926954", "chunk_text": "\"Hurstville Oval\"\ncontinues to develop outstanding talent on an annual basis. On some occasions 40 per cent of the national team were St. George members. The names have been great legends of Australian cycling including Dunc Gray, Warren Scarfe, Frank Brazier, Ian Chapman, Max Langshaw, Dick Paris, Gary Sutton, Kevin Nichols, Martin Vinnicombe, Shane Sutton, Brett Dutton, Graeme Brown, Steve Wooldridge, Julie Speight, Kathleen Shannon, Clayton Stevenson, Ben Kersten, Ian Christison, Ben Brooks, Ashlee Ankudinoff, Steve Griffiths, Kaarle McCulloch – all have stood on the podium at the Olympics, World Titles, or Commonwealth Games. The St.George Rugby Union Football Club used the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11411104", "chunk_text": "\"Motorsport in Australia\"\nwon at Calder in 1980 driving his Williams FW07B-Ford, and no Australian has finished on the podium since John Smith finished second in 1983. Since becoming a round of the World Championship in 1985 only 4 Australian drivers have actually raced in the Australian Grand Prix. They are Alan Jones (1985–1986), David Brabham (1990, 1994), Mark Webber (2002–2013) and Daniel Ricciardo (2012–). Two Australians have won the World Driver's Championship: Jack Brabham, who won the title on three occasions, including becoming the first (and so far only) driver to win the World Championship in a car of his own design,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7636948", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Schenken\"\nin the Sports 2000 category, and constructed cars for a number of over formulae. He is currently employed each year as the Race Director for the Australian V8 Supercar Championship Series. He also is a director of the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport, the Clerk of the Course at the Australian Grand Prix and was the Clerk of the Course for the inaugural 2008 Singapore Grand Prix. As of the 2018 season, Schenken is one of only five Australians who have stood on the podium for a Formula One Grand Prix. The others are Grand Prix winners Mark Webber and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17025678", "chunk_text": "\"Athletics in Australia\"\ngold and one bronze medal during his career. Australia has again been represented at each edition of the IAAF World Championships. Australia has had two multiple gold medal winners (Cathy Freeman and Jana Rawlinson), and six single gold medal winners (Robert de Castella, Dmitri Markov, Nathan Deakes, Steve Hooker, Dani Samuels and Sally Pearson). Australian athletes have also competed in a range of other international competitions. Australia's indoor world champions include: Mike Hillardt, Kerry Saxby-Junna, Melinda Gainsford-Taylor, Tamsyn Lewis, Steven Hooker, Fabrice Lapierre and Sally Pearson. Australians competed for Oceanian team in the World Cup now called the IAAF Continental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4629583", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Grand Prix\"\nracing memorable for deciding Championship results, most notably the 1986 and 1994 races which saw the and World Drivers' Championships decided. Australian driver Lex Davison and German driver Michael Schumacher are the most successful drivers in the 86-year history of the event taking four wins each, while McLaren and Ferrari have been the most successful constructors with twelve victories each. Frenchman Alain Prost is the only driver to win the Australian Grand Prix in both Australian domestic and World Championship formats, having won the race in 1982 driving a Formula Pacific Ralt RT4 and in Formula One in 1986 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6005182", "chunk_text": "\"Bathurst 1000\"\nhas also won six times, his first was in 1991, with a Nissan Skyline GT-R. He also won in 1992 in the same car, and in 2001, 2002, 2005 and 2010 in a Holden Commodore. Craig Lowndes, who was a protégé of Brock, and has followed his path in terms of success and popularity, has won the race seven times. He has won three Bathurst races in a Falcon (2006-08) and four in a Commodore (1996, 2010, 2015 and 2018), and also holds the record for most Bathurst podiums, with fourteen. Jamie Whincup, the driver with the most championship titles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20058553", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Border Medal\"\non Allan Border Medal night. The award ceremony itself is a major publicity event and usually takes place at the Crown Casino in Melbourne, towards the end of January or the start of February each year. The 2014 and 2017 ceremonies however, were both held in Sydney. The award ceremony itself is also broadcast live and screened on the digital channel GEM. Five cricketers have won the award more than once. Ricky Ponting and Michael Clarke won the award four times, sharing the award in 2009. The other multiple winners are Shane Watson, David Warner and Steve Smith, who have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8221652", "chunk_text": "\"Australia at the World Championships in Athletics\"\nAustralia at the World Championships in Athletics Australia has participated in all the World Championships in Athletics since the beginning in 1983. Australia is 19th on the all time medal table. Cathy Freeman, Jana Pittman and Sally Pearson are Australia's only multiple gold medal winners, Freeman (bronze) and Pearson (silver) have also each won a place medal.. Other multiple medalists are: Dimitri Markov (1 gold, 1 silver), (2 golds), Jared Tallent (1 silver, 2 bronzes), Kerry Saxby-Junna (1 silver, 1 bronze) and Mitchell Watt (1 silver, 1 bronze). Australia's first World Championships medal was won by Robert De Castella in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1429163", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Lowndes\"\ncrowns and one Queensland 500 win). He is also the first driver in ATCC/V8SC history to win 100 races and holds the record for the most Bathurst 1000 podiums with 14. On 11 June 2012, Lowndes received the Medal of the Order of Australia in the Queen's Birthday Honours List for his success in motorsport and contribution to the broader Australian community, \"\"particularly through road safety education programs and charitable organizations.\"\" Lowndes began his racing career at age nine, driving go-karts at a track in the town of Whittlesea. He moved up to race cars in 1991, driving a Van", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15390437", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Longhurst\"\nDriver Database <nowiki>†</nowiki> Not registered for series & points Tony Longhurst Tony Longhurst (born 1 October 1957 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian racing driver and former Australian Champion water skier. He is most noted for his career in the Australian Touring Car Championship and V8 Supercar series. Longhurst is a two-time winner of the Bathurst 1000, winning the event in 1988 with Tomas Mezera and in 2001 with Mark Skaife, and is one of only four drivers to win Bathurst in both a Ford and a Holden (the others being Craig Lowndes, Steven Richards and Jamie Whincup).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235197", "chunk_text": "\"1983 Australian Grand Prix\"\ndriver John Smith finished second, with French Formula One driver Jacques Laffite finishing third. As of the 2016 Australian Grand Prix, Smith's second placing was the last time an Australian driver has finished on the podium of the Australian Grand Prix. The best finish since by an Australian was Alfie Costanzo's fourth place in 1984 and Mark Webber finishing fourth in 2012. Daniel Ricciardo finished second on the road in the 2014 Australian Grand Prix but was disqualified post race for breaching the maximum fuel limit and using an unauthorised method of measuring fuel consumption. Results as follows: 1983 Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2932050", "chunk_text": "\"Hawthorn Memorial Trophy\"\nhas won the award a record eight times, ranging from to . His eighth trophy in 2018 surpassed Nigel Mansell, the World Champion, who won the trophy seven times in the space of eight years between and 1992. The only instance of the award not going to the highest placed British or Commonwealth driver was in , when the trophy was given to Alan Jones instead of Gilles Villeneuve. Villeneuve had finished runner-up in the championship, one place ahead of Jones in third. The least successful driver in any one year to win the award was Jenson Button in ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16575483", "chunk_text": "\"Western Australian Sports Star of the Year\"\ntimes (1972, 1973, 1974, and 1981), and is the only person to win the award in three consecutive years. Golfer Graham Marsh (1973, 1977, 1985, and 1986) and hockey player Ric Charlesworth (1976, 1979, 1986, and 1987) also won the award four times, while swimmer David Dickson (1961, 1963, and 1966) and tennis player Margaret Court (1969, 1970, and 1973) won the award three times. Cricket has produced the most winners of the award, with 14 winners. Ten athletes and ten swimmers have won the award, as well as eight footballers, six cyclists, and six hockey players. On Thursday 8", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15390431", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Longhurst\"\nTony Longhurst Tony Longhurst (born 1 October 1957 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian racing driver and former Australian Champion water skier. He is most noted for his career in the Australian Touring Car Championship and V8 Supercar series. Longhurst is a two-time winner of the Bathurst 1000, winning the event in 1988 with Tomas Mezera and in 2001 with Mark Skaife, and is one of only four drivers to win Bathurst in both a Ford and a Holden (the others being Craig Lowndes, Steven Richards and Jamie Whincup). He has raced internationally in the 1987 World Touring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18459323", "chunk_text": "\"Athletics in Australia\"\nconducts a range of important athletics events and championships each year. These include: The national titles have been conducted for over a hundred years, though the event has only been a joint championship since 1978. The most successful athletes at this event include Warwick Selvey (19 wins) and Gael Martin (20 wins). The IAAF approved meets at Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne comprise the most important athletics meetings held in Australia, with Australian athletes required to compete in order to gain international selection. Each Australian state or territory holds its own state athletics championships annually. Inter-varsity athletics competitions were conducted in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14047956", "chunk_text": "\"Motorsport in Australia\"\nspirit of the original Alpines. Since 2001, the Alpine has been run on a bi annual basis but attracts over 250 expressions of interest each running with never less than 110 cars running competitively from all states and territories in Australia as well as competitors and cars coming from overseas to compete. As of October 2017, the Alpine has run 63 times with 23 Australian Rally Champion drivers and navigators having their name on the winners trophy a total of 61 times. Frank Kilfoyle remains the only person to have won the Alpine both as a driver and navigator, having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18114831", "chunk_text": "\"John Goss (racing driver)\"\nJohn Goss (racing driver) John Goss (born 2 May 1943, Glen Iris, Victoria) is an Australian retired motor racing driver who competed in his home country during the 1960s, 1970's and 1980's. He is the only driver to have won Australia's two most prestigious races, the Bathurst 1000 (1974 and 1985), and the Australian Grand Prix (1976). During his career, John Goss gained a reputation for long acceptance speeches, with many joking that his victory speech on the Bathurst podium following his 1974 win took almost as long as the race itself (the race, the first to be run in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20768031", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Moffat\"\nAllan Moffat Allan George Moffat (born 10 November 1939 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada) is an Australian racing driver known for his four wins in the Australian Touring Car Championship, six wins in the Sandown 500 and his four wins in the Bathurst 500/1000. Moffat was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 1999. Moffat and his long-time friend and rival (and later co-driver) Peter Brock are the only drivers to have won The Great Race at Bathurst in both its 500-mile and 1000-kilometre formats. In October 2018, he was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. Born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19257150", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Paralympic Cycling Team\"\nHollands (Pilot), Peter Homann, Paul Lake, Mark le Flohic, Kieran Modra, David Murray, Paul O'Neill (Pilot), Daniel Polson, Christopher Scott, Noel Sens, Russell Wolfe (Pilot) Women – Christine Fisher, Lyn Lepore, Kerry Modra (Pilot), Tania Modra (Pilot), Lynette Nixon (Pilot), Sarnya Parker Coaches – Kevin McIntosh (Head), Darryl Benson, Radek Valenta Officials – Elsa Lepore (Manager), John Beer, Rebecca Tweedy Australia won 10 gold, 3 silver and 8 bronze medals and was ranked the number 1 nation. Australia represented in cycling: Men – Greg Ball, Anthony Biddle, Robert Crowe (Pilot), Peter Brooks, Peter Homann, Mark le Flohic, Kieran Modra, Andrew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15392971", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Australian Grand Prix\"\nconstructor since Toyota in 2002 to score points in its inaugural Grand Prix race entry. Behind Grosjean, Hülkenberg, Bottas, Sainz and Verstappen were the other point scorers. By finishing fourth, Daniel Ricciardo equalled the highest ever finish by an Australian driver at their home event, after Mark Webber did the same in 2012. It was Mercedes's fifth consecutive 1–2 finish, equalling a record set by Ferrari in and and by themselves in . At the podium interviews, conducted by former Formula One driver Mark Webber, both Mercedes drivers expressed delight at their result. Hamilton in particular described his race as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652135", "chunk_text": "\"Motorsport in Australia\"\nmanufacture and name when he won his final championship in driving the Repco V8 powered Brabham BT19 and BT20; and Alan Jones, who won in , giving Williams its first Drivers' and Constructors championships. As of , Daniel Ricciardo (Red Bull Racing) is the only Australian driver in Formula One. Of the 13 Australians who have driven in Formula One, only Brabham (14), Jones (12), Webber (9) and Ricciardo () have won a Formula One Grand Prix. Australian Formula 3 has been the name applied to two distinctly different motor racing categories, separated by over twenty years. The original Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8108876", "chunk_text": "Newspoll\nMarch 1994) and Simon Crean (28–30 November 2003). Alexander Downer recorded the highest dissatisfaction rating, of 69% (2–4 December 1994). Andrew Peacock recorded the second-highest career-high dissatisfaction rating, of 67% (16–18 March 1990). John Hewson recorded the third-highest career-high dissatisfaction rating, of 64% (11–13 March 1994). Kevin Rudd holds the record with 50% (19–21 October 2007). Alexander Downer recorded the second-highest career-peak score, of 48% (8–10 July 1994). Bill Shorten recorded the equal second-highest career-peak score, of 48% (6-8 February 2015). Brendan Nelson holds the record, with 7% (29 February-2 March 2008). Simon Crean (28–30 November 2003), Malcolm Turnbull (27-29", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19709473", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Brock\"\nPeter Brock Peter Geoffrey Brock (26 February 1945 – 8 September 2006), otherwise known as \"\"Peter Perfect\"\", \"\"The King of the Mountain\"\", or simply \"\"Brocky\"\", was one of Australia's best-known and most successful motor racing drivers. Brock was most often associated with Holden for almost 40 years, although he raced vehicles of other manufacturers including BMW, Ford, Volvo, Porsche and Peugeot. He won the Bathurst 1000 endurance race nine times, the Sandown 500 touring car race nine times, the Australian Touring Car Championship three times, the Bathurst 24 Hour once and was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12101650", "chunk_text": "\"Australian of the Year\"\nno Australian of the Year for 1993. Debates about the Australian of the Year award often revolve around the relative balance between sport, science and the arts. Fourteen winners have excelled in sports as diverse as cricket, swimming, athletics, sailing, tennis, boxing and motor racing. A recurring criticism that sport features too regularly peaked in 2004, when Steve Waugh was the fourth sporting winner in seven years and the third Test Cricket Captain to be honoured. Despite the perception of an over-emphasis on sport, the list of past winners reveals a strong endorsement for scientific achievement; by 2009 thirteen Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19257151", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Paralympic Cycling Team\"\nPanazzolo, Christopher Scott, David Short (Pilot), Kial Stewart (Pilot) Women – Lindy Hou, Lyn Lepore, Janelle Lindsay (Pilot), Kelly McCombie (Pilot), Claire McLean, Jenny MacPherson (Pilot), Toireasa Ryan (Pilot), Janet Shaw Coaches – Kevin McIntosh (Head), Darryl Benson, Andrew Budge Officials – Elsa Lepore (Manager), John Beer, Paul Lamond Australia won 10 gold, 7 silver and 7 bronze medals and was the number 1 ranked nation. Leading cyclists were Christopher Scott (3 gold), Greg Ball (2 gold) and Kieran Modra (2 gold). Representing Australia in cycling: Men – Greg Ball, Ben Demery, Michael Gallagher, Steven George (Pilot), Shaun Hopkins (Pilot),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5259286", "chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Australia\"\nthe name Red Bull. In his third season with the team (2009) Webber scored his maiden race wins at Nürburgring and Interlagos. The following year he came close to winning the title, losing it after a poor pit stop in the final race pushed him down to seventh place with team mate Sebastian Vettel taking that year's honour. Webber remained with Red Bull for the next three years, finishing 3rd, 6th and 3rd in the championship. Tim Schenken is one of only five Australian drivers to have stood on a podium step. His Formula One career began in 1970 when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18077646", "chunk_text": "\"Formation finish\"\nOne title, Ayrton Senna slowed down at the last corner of the to let his teammate Gerhard Berger overtake him and finish in formation. At the 2002 United States Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher – who had won ten races during the season – slowed down in the final lap to set a formation finish with Ferrari teammate Rubens Barrichello. The Brazilian also slowed down in the final metres, but ended up winning the race by 0.011 seconds. The Bathurst 1000 has seen a number of formation finishes. The first occurred in 1977 when Allan Moffat and Colin Bond spent the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17510916", "chunk_text": "\"Steven Bradbury\"\nSteven Bradbury Steven John Bradbury (born 14 October 1973) is an Australian former short track speed skater and four-time Olympian. He won the 1,000 m event at the 2002 Winter Olympics after all of his opponents were involved in a last corner pile-up. He was the first athlete from Southern Hemisphere and Australian to win a Winter Olympic gold medal and was also part of the short track relay team that won Australia's first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze in 1994. In 1991, Bradbury was part of the Australian quartet that won the 5,000 m relay at the World Championships", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4629634", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Grand Prix\"\nthat featured four safety car periods. In 2007 Kimi Räikkönen in his first race for Ferrari, while Lewis Hamilton became first driver in 11 years to finish on the podium in debut, as he was third behind his teammate Alonso. Hamilton won the 2008 race which had three safety car periods. In 2009 Jenson Button took the victory, driving for Brawn GP, which was having first race after Ross Brawn had bought the team following Honda's withdrawal from Formula One. The team was formed from the remnants of Honda Racing F1 who had withdrawn from the sport following the 2008", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12989097", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Whincup\"\nJamie Whincup Jamie Whincup (born 6 February 1983) is an Australian professional racing driver competing in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship. He currently drives the No. 1 Holden ZB Commodore for Triple Eight Race Engineering. Whincup is a seven-time Supercars champion, a four-time Bathurst 1000 winner and in 2017 also won the Bathurst 12 Hour. As of the 26th August 2018, Whincup is the all-time record holder in the Supercars Championship for race wins, at 114 career wins. He is also the first driver to win the Jason Richards Memorial Trophy twice at Pukekohe Park Raceway in Auckland, New Zealand.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "639096", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Speedcar Championship\"\nin 1985-86, and also won the Sprintcar championship in 1998-99. The third driver was Sydney's Robbie Farr who won the 1997-98 Speedcar title and the 2003-04 Sprintcar championship. Andy McGavin and Ray Revell from Sydney, and Adelaide's Harry Neale, with five championships each are the most successful drivers in the championships history (all won before 1964-65). Western Australia's Mike Figliomeni, Warrenne Ekins from Darwin and Adam Clarke from NSW have each won the event four times while five drivers have won the event three times. Eleven drivers from the United States have won the championship. Australia's first Formula One World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6558623", "chunk_text": "\"Knoxville Nationals\"\n1996-1997, IndyCar driver Sarah Fisher 1997-1998, Christi Passmore 2000-2001, Natalie Sather 2005-2006, Becca Anderson 2006, Jessica Zemken 2006 & 2011, Paige Polyak 2014-2018, Harli White 2017-2018, and Jenna Frazier 2018. In 1979, multiple Australian Sprintcar Champion Garry Rush became the first Australian driver to qualify for the Nationals championship race and finished 7th. Kerry Madsen is the highest finishing Australian, finishing second in 2015. The event is annually attended by over 1,000 people from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and England. The World Challenge event is held on the Friday night of the Nationals each year and is a race featuring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8313933", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Australian Grand Prix\"\nin 1985, the first time the AGP was a World Championship race. This feat had previously been achieved by Stan and Alan Jones and Graham and Damon Hill. Rosberg had earlier achieved the same feat in the Monaco Grand Prix as well. Kevin Magnussen finished second in a McLaren MP4-29 on his Formula One debut, the first podium finish in a World Championship Grand Prix by a Danish driver. Third was Jenson Button in the second McLaren, who recorded his 50th and final Formula One podium with the result (although he did not take part in the podium ceremony as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8490376", "chunk_text": "\"Neil Stephens\"\nvitamin supplements intravenously. In late 2007, announced that Neil Stephens would be the team's new sport director. Neil Stephens Neil Stephens (born 1 October 1963 in Canberra) is an Australian former road bicycle racer. He won the Australian national road race title in 1991 and 1994. He is a Tour de France stage winner and is one of the relatively few riders to have completed the three Grand Tours (Giro d'Italia, Tour de France and Vuelta a España) in a calendar year, as well as being the first Australian to complete the feat. He was involved in the Festina doping", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652156", "chunk_text": "\"Motorsport in Australia\"\nwho have won 8 World Championships between them. Van Praag (1936), Bluey Wilkinson (1938), Jack Young (1951 and 1952 - Speedway's first dual champion), Jason Crump (2004, 2006 and 2009) and Chris Holder (2012). The Australian team has also won the motorcycle speedway World Team Cup / World Cup on 4 occasions (1976, 1999, 2001 and 2002). Australian riders have also been successful in the U/21 Speedway World Championship with wins for Steve Baker (1983), Leigh Adams (1992), Jason Crump (1995) and Darcy Ward (2009 and 2010). World Series Sprintcars is a dirt track racing series held in Australia for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8221653", "chunk_text": "\"Australia at the World Championships in Athletics\"\nthe Men's marathon in 1983. He won gold. Australia at the World Championships in Athletics Australia has participated in all the World Championships in Athletics since the beginning in 1983. Australia is 19th on the all time medal table. Cathy Freeman, Jana Pittman and Sally Pearson are Australia's only multiple gold medal winners, Freeman (bronze) and Pearson (silver) have also each won a place medal.. Other multiple medalists are: Dimitri Markov (1 gold, 1 silver), (2 golds), Jared Tallent (1 silver, 2 bronzes), Kerry Saxby-Junna (1 silver, 1 bronze) and Mitchell Watt (1 silver, 1 bronze). Australia's first World Championships", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10373395", "chunk_text": "\"Australia–United Kingdom relations\"\nusually vie for leadership of the medal table at the Commonwealth Games. In 2014 England came top with 174 medals and Australia second with 137 medals. Melbourne golfer Peter Thomson is the second-most successful at The Open Championship with 5 wins. The two share a similar rivalry at the Olympic Games: throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, Australia was the more successful, finishing above Britain at all but three Olympic Games between 1956 and 2012, the nadir occurring in 1996 when Australia finished in 7th place and Great Britain finished in 36th place. Australian tennis players have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4533937", "chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Australia\"\nto Red Bull Racing for 2014. Jack Brabham is the most successful Australian driver in history, having won three world titles. He entered one grand prix in each of the 1955 and 1956 seasons, eventually becoming a full-time driver with Cooper. He finished on the podium in five of eight races in 1959, including two victories. That brought him his first title, which he retained the following year by winning five successive races. Regulation changes in 1961 saw a shake-up of teams and Cooper did not adapt; Brabham only finished two races. His knowledge of mechanics gave him the opportunity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2245686", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Super Sedan Championship\"\nto the National Super Sedan Series which has been in operation since 2006. New South Wales driver Grenville Anderson (1951-2004), holds the record for most championship wins with four titles to his name - 1975/76 (Rowley Park Speedway in Adelaide, South Australia), 1977/78 (Claremont Speedway in Perth, Western Australia), 1979/80 (Bagot Park in Darwin, Northern Territory), and 1992/93 (Latrobe Speedway in Latrobe, Tasmania). Anderson also finished second in 1978/79 at the Charlton Speedway in Toowoomba, Queensland, and was easily the quickest driver at the 1991/92 championship at Speedway Park in Adelaide, not losing a race until a crash in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16928401", "chunk_text": "\"Australia at the Paralympics\"\nknown that no-one medalled for Australia until the 1992 Paralympics. The Australian men's swimming team was totally dominant in the pool, with Joseph Walker being the undoubted star winning nine gold medals (five individual, four relay) from nine events and setting two world records. Australia's most successful Winter Paralympic Games remain the 1994 Winter Paralympic Games, when five athletes took the podium on 9 different occasions. Australia was ranked 2nd in the final medal table with 106 overall medals; 42 gold; 37 silver; 27 bronze. This success has been attributed to the introduction of the Australian Paralympic Committee's Paralympic Preparation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19257149", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Paralympic Cycling Team\"\n– Ken Norris (Manager), Craig Jarvis, Joanne Sayers, Rod Stubbs (escorts) Australia did not win any medals. Australia represented by: Men – Paul Clohessy, Kerry Golding (Pilot), Matthew Gray, Steven Gray (Pilot), Eddie Hollands (Pilot), Peter Homann, Paul Lake, Paul Lamond (Pilot), Gregory Madson, Kieran Modra, Christopher Scott Women – Lyn Lepore, Teresa Poole, Sandra Smith (Pilot) Coaches – Kenneth Norris (Head), David Woodhouse . Australia won 5 gold and 5 silver medals and was the number 1 ranked nation. Australia represented in cycling by: Men – Greg Ball, Paul Clohessy, Matthew Gray, Steven Gray (Pilot), Darren Harry (Pilot), Eddie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3411342", "chunk_text": "\"Kooyong Classic\"\nunder the current promotion/relegation system, with Swede Thomas Enqvist coming off as the winner. Agassi became the most successful player at the event after his 1998 runner-up finish, reaching five more finals consecutively from 2000 to 2004 (beating Philippoussis in 2000, Yevgeny Kafelnikov in 2001 and Sébastien Grosjean in 2003). Commonwealth Bank took over the sponsorship of the tournament from 2002 to 2004, transforming the \"\"Colonial Classic\"\" into the \"\"Commonwealth Bank International\"\", before the event went sponsorless in 2005, only known as the \"\"Kooyong Classic\"\", as World No. 1 Roger Federer from Switzerland collected his first title in Kooyong. Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11385927", "chunk_text": "\"Ian Thorpe\"\nIan Thorpe Ian James Thorpe, (born 13 October 1982) is a retired Australian swimmer who specialised in freestyle, but also competed in backstroke and the individual medley. He has won five Olympic gold medals, the most won by any Australian, and with three gold and two silver medals, was the most successful athlete at the 2000 Summer Olympics. At the 2001 World Aquatics Championships, he became the first person to win six gold medals in one World Championship. In total, Thorpe has won eleven World Championship golds, the third-highest number of any swimmer. Thorpe was the first person to have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16661830", "chunk_text": "\"UCI Road World Championships – Men's time trial\"\nevents for the forthcoming season. Switzerland's Fabian Cancellara (2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010) and Germany's Tony Martin (2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016) have won the most competitions with four each. Australia's Michael Rogers (2003, 2004 and 2005) comes in next in terms of victories, with three wins; Rogers and Martin are the only people to take 3 wins in successive years. Bradley Wiggins is the oldest winner; he was 34 years and 149 days old when he won in 2014. The youngest winner is Rogers; he was 23 years and 293 days old when he won in 2003. Germany's Michael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12445939", "chunk_text": "\"Australia at the Winter Olympics\"\nsix in 2002. Australia won its first Winter Paralympic medals in 1992, and has medalled at every games since then. All of the medals have been won in alpine skiing. Australia won four medals in 1992—one gold, one silver and two bronze. Michael Milton, an amputee alpine skier, won gold in the slalom and silver in the super-G. In paraplegic sit-skiing, David Munk won bronze in the super-G, and Michael Norton won bronze in the downhill. In 1994, Australia won three gold, two silver and four bronze medals. Milton won gold in the giant slalom, silver in the slalom and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4437924", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Institute of Sport\"\nAIS scholarships. In 2001, the AIS established the \"\"Best of the Best\"\" Award to recognise highly performed AIS athletes. As of 2011, the following athletes have been recognised - Alisa Camplin, Robert De Castella, John Eales, Simon Fairweather, Neil Fuller, Bridgette Gusterson, Rechelle Hawkes, Shane Kelly, Luc Longley, Michelle Martin, Glenn McGrath, Michael Klim, Michael Milton, Clint Robinson, Louise Sauvage, Kate Slatter, Zali Steggall, Mark Viduka, Vicki Wilson, Todd Woodbridge, Lauren Jackson, Chantelle Newbery, Petria Thomas, Kerry Saxby-Junna, Jamie Dwyer, Anna Meares, Malcolm Page, Ricky Ponting, Oenone Wood and Matthew Cowdrey. In August 2013, Stuart O'Grady was indefinitely suspended from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14787319", "chunk_text": "\"Triple Crown of Motorsport\"\nthe Sandown 500, the Bathurst 1000 and the International V8 Supercars Championship (formerly the Australian Touring Car Championship) in the same year. Only two drivers have achieved this feat: Peter Brock in 1978 and 1980 and Craig Lowndes in 1996. , the only active drivers who have won two legs of the Triple Crown are Juan Pablo Montoya and Fernando Alonso. Montoya won the 24 Hours of Daytona three times and the CART series once while Alonso competed in 2017's Indy 500, but retired on Lap 179 of 200 due to engine failure. Events which make up the traditional (Indy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17484974", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Carney\"\nEmma Carney Emma Elizabeth Carney (born 29 July 1971) is an Australian former professional triathlete and two time World Triathlon Champion. She is one of the few triathletes in the world to have won two ITU world titles. She was the world number one triathlete according to ITU rankings in 1995, 1996 and 1997, and achieved 19 World Cup wins, faster than any other triathlete. With seven wins in 1996, she also holds the record for the greatest number of ITU World Series wins in a single season. She is an inductee of the Sport Australia Hall of Fame (2016),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17484964", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Carney\"\nEmma Carney Emma Elizabeth Carney (born 29 July 1971) is an Australian former professional triathlete and two time World Triathlon Champion. She is one of the few triathletes in the world to have won two ITU world titles. She was the world number one triathlete according to ITU rankings in 1995, 1996 and 1997, and achieved 19 World Cup wins, faster than any other triathlete. With seven wins in 1996, she also holds the record for the greatest number of ITU World Series wins in a single season. She is an inductee of the Sport Australia Hall of Fame (2016),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_116	who warned europe to stay out of the americas?	n/a	[ "Monroe Doctrine", "Roosevelt Corollary" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247645", "chunk_text": "\"Latin America\"\nuntil 1904 when the United States took over and proceeded with its construction and implementation (\"\"Read Our Story\"\"). The Monroe Doctrine was included in President James Monroe's 1823 annual message to Congress. The doctrine warns European nations that the United States will no longer tolerate any new colonization of Latin American countries. It was originally drafted to meet the present major concerns, but eventually became the precept of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere. The doctrine was put into effect in 1865 when the U.S. government supported Mexican president, Benito Juárez, diplomatically and militarily. Some Latin American countries viewed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3315837", "chunk_text": "\"Monroe Doctrine\"\nMonroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as \"\"the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.\"\" At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491954", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nNew Sweden, and the Dutch New Netherland. In the 18th century, Denmark–Norway revived its former colonies in Greenland, while the Russian Empire gained a foothold in Alaska. Denmark-Norway would later make several claims in the Caribbean, starting in the 1600s. As more nations gained an interest in the colonization of the Americas, competition for territory became increasingly fierce. Colonists often faced the threat of attacks from neighboring colonies, as well as from indigenous tribes and pirates. The first phase of well-financed European activity in the Americas began with the Atlantic Ocean crossings of Christopher Columbus (1492–1504), sponsored by Spain, whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16312413", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nFrancisco Pizarro in between 1532 and 1535. Over the 1st century and a half after Columbus's voyages, the native population of the Americas plummeted by an estimated 80% (from around 50 million in 1492 to eight million in 1650), mostly by outbreaks of Old World diseases. In 1532, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor sent a vice-king to Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, in order to prevent Cortes' independentist drives, who definitively returned to Spain in 1540. Two years later, Charles V signed the New Laws (which replaced the Laws of Burgos of 1512) prohibiting slavery and the \"\"repartimientos\"\", but also claiming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523483", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nEuropean colonization of the Americas The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Western Europe. Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the \"\"New World\"\". He ran aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5721384", "chunk_text": "\"Polignac Memorandum\"\nPolignac Memorandum The Polignac Memorandum was a document by George Canning (British Foreign Secretary) written in October 1823, stating that Great Britain had no intention of aiding Spain in the retention of her colonies in Latin and South America. The document was a result of talks with Prince Jules de Polignac, the French Ambassador to Great Britain. Both countries (France and Great Britain) agreed that there was no hope of Spain recovering her colonies in the Americas, that neither nation had any desire to gain territory in the region, or gain exclusive commercial treaties. Canning was then able to advise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11327555", "chunk_text": "\"Monroe Doctrine\"\nbeginnings as an isolationist country, the seeds for the Monroe Doctrine were already being laid even during George Washington's presidency. According to S.E. Morison, \"\"as early as 1783, then, the United States adopted the policy of isolation and announced its intention to keep out of Europe. The supplementary principle of the Monroe Doctrine, that Europe must keep out of America, was still over the horizon\"\". While not specifically the Monroe Doctrine, Alexander Hamilton desired to control the sphere of influence in the western hemisphere, particularly in North America but was extended to the Latin American colonies by the Monroe Doctrine.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5721386", "chunk_text": "\"Polignac Memorandum\"\nhis attempts to regain his colonies. Polignac Memorandum The Polignac Memorandum was a document by George Canning (British Foreign Secretary) written in October 1823, stating that Great Britain had no intention of aiding Spain in the retention of her colonies in Latin and South America. The document was a result of talks with Prince Jules de Polignac, the French Ambassador to Great Britain. Both countries (France and Great Britain) agreed that there was no hope of Spain recovering her colonies in the Americas, that neither nation had any desire to gain territory in the region, or gain exclusive commercial treaties.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18718792", "chunk_text": "\"Latin American wars of independence\"\nindependent sovereign nations. As a result of the successful revolutions which established so many new independent nations, United States President James Monroe and the Secretary of State John Quincy Adams drafted the Monroe Doctrine . It stated that the United States would not tolerate any European interference in the Western Hemisphere. This measure ostensibly was taken in order to safeguard the newfound liberties of these new countries, but it was also taken as a precautionary measure against the intrusion of European states. Since the United States was a newly founded nation, it lacked the capacity to prevent other European powers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8213154", "chunk_text": "\"Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar\"\nhe was to inform the British that the two nations agreed on most issues. The policy which would, some 30 years later, come to be called the \"\"Monroe Doctrine\"\" was contained in the President's annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823. It warned European nations against new colonial ventures in the Americas, and against interference with Western Hemisphere governments. The doctrine had little practical effect at the time, as the United States lacked the ability to enforce it militarily and most European powers ignored it, considering it beneath their dignity even to respond. When Britain and other powers seized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1089312", "chunk_text": "\"Alexis de Tocqueville\"\n1846 extraordinary funds, Tocqueville denounced Bugeaud's conduct of military operations and succeeded in convincing the Assembly not to vote funds in support of Bugeaud's military columns. Tocqueville considered Bugeaud's plan to invade Kabylie despite the opposition of the Assembly as a seditious act in the face of which the government was opting for cowardice. In his 1847 Report on Algeria, Tocqueville declared that Europe should avoid making the same mistake they made with the European colonization of the Americas in order to avoid the bloody consequences. More particularly he reminds his countrymen of a solemn caution whereby he warns them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8842282", "chunk_text": "Americas\nby the Norse explorer Leif Ericson. However, the colonization never became permanent and was later abandoned. The voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492 to 1502 resulted in permanent contact with European (and subsequently, other Old World) powers, which led to the Columbian exchange. Diseases introduced from Europe and West Africa devastated the indigenous peoples, and the European powers colonized the Americas. Mass emigration from Europe, including large numbers of indentured servants, and importation of African slaves largely replaced the indigenous peoples. Decolonization of the Americas began with the American Revolution in the 1770s and largely ended with the Spanish–American War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7621224", "chunk_text": "\"France–Americas relations\"\nsecurity. France–Americas relations France–Americas relations started in the 16th century, soon after the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus, and have developed over a period of several centuries. In order to counterbalance the power of the Habsburg Empire under Charles V, and especially its control of large parts of the New World through the Crown of Spain, Francis I endeavoured to develop contacts with the New World and Asia. In 1524, Francis I assisted the citizens of Lyon in financing the expedition of Giovanni da Verrazzano to North America. Verrazzano was an Italian in the service of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13915443", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Columbus\"\nChristopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered was a route to the Far East, he is credited with the opening of the Americas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523496", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nLavrador, Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real and João Álvares Fagundes, in Newfoundland, Greenland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia (from 1498 to 1502, and in 1520); Jacques Cartier (1491–1557), Henry Hudson (1560s–1611), and Samuel de Champlain (1567–1635), who explored the region of Canada he reestablished as New France. In 1513, Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and led the first European expedition to see the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of the New World. In an action with enduring historical import, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and all the lands adjoining it for the Spanish Crown. It was 1517", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621879", "chunk_text": "\"France–Americas relations\"\nFrance–Americas relations France–Americas relations started in the 16th century, soon after the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus, and have developed over a period of several centuries. In order to counterbalance the power of the Habsburg Empire under Charles V, and especially its control of large parts of the New World through the Crown of Spain, Francis I endeavoured to develop contacts with the New World and Asia. In 1524, Francis I assisted the citizens of Lyon in financing the expedition of Giovanni da Verrazzano to North America. Verrazzano was an Italian in the service of the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247651", "chunk_text": "\"Latin America\"\nthem. The news helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany in April of that year. The message came as a coded telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann, on January 16, 1917. The message was sent to the German ambassador of Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of the by Germany on 1 February, an act which Germany presumed would lead to war. The telegram instructed Ambassador Eckardt that if the U.S. appeared certain to enter the war, he was to approach the Mexican Government with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2530223", "chunk_text": "\"Pan-American Conference\"\npush for the creation of the Pan-American Conferences. In this speech, President Monroe stated that any further attempts by the Europeans to colonize the Americas (North, Central and South) would be seen as an act of aggression that would include intervention by the United States. This doctrine was set in place in order to ensure that the colonies that were currently in place (and independent) would remain that way and to ensure that the Americas would be able to remain independent of each other and yet bond each other together at the same time. This unofficial union of the countries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523492", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nSpanish conquered large territories in North, Central and South America. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés took over the Aztec Kingdom and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire. As a result, by the mid-16th century, the Spanish Crown had gained control of much of western South America, and southern North America, in addition to its earlier Caribbean territories. Over this same timeframe, Portugal claimed lands in North America (Canada) and colonized much of eastern South America, naming it Santa Cruz and Brazil. Other European nations soon disputed the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas. England and France attempted to plant colonies in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5067643", "chunk_text": "\"Latin America–United States relations\"\nJoel Roberts Poinsett in Santiago de Chile marked the beginning of U.S. involvement in Chilean politics. He had been sent by President James Madison in 1809 as a special agent to the South American Spanish colonies to investigate the prospects of the revolutionaries in their struggle for independence from Spain. The 1823 Monroe Doctrine, which began the United States' policy of isolationism, deemed it necessary for the United States to refrain from entering into European affairs, but to protect nations in the Western hemisphere from foreign military intervention. The United States issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, warning against the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491940", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe 7th century; the site became the first permanent European settlement in the Americas. Western European conquest, large-scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. In 1497, Italian explorer John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18227389", "chunk_text": "\"María Ruiz de Burton\"\nStates would usher in that transformation and protect any country in the Americas from future colonization by any European powers. This Doctrine remained virtually ignored in US politics until President James Polk told Congress in 1845 that \"\"The American system of government is entirely different from that of Europe...a system of self-government which seems natural to our soil and which will ever resist foreign interference\"\". However, the character Don Felipe in \"\"The Squatter and the Don\"\" says \"\"Of course the ideas of this continent are different from those of Europe, be we all know that such would not be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16312414", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nas his own all the American lands and all of the indigenous people as his own subjects. When Pope Alexander VI issued the \"\"Inter caetera\"\" bull in May 1493 granting the new lands to the Kingdom of Spain, he requested in exchange an evangelization of the people. Thus, during Columbus's second voyage, Benedictine monks accompanied him, along with twelve other priests. As slavery was prohibited between Christians, and could only be imposed in non-Christian prisoners of war or on men already sold as slaves, the debate on Christianization was particularly acute during the 16th century. In 1537, the papal bull", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20664835", "chunk_text": "Anti-Americanism\nopposition by Mexico, which refused to recognize Texas' independence – and began their aggressive expansion into Western North America. Mexican anti-American sentiment was further inflamed by the resulting 1846–1848 Mexican–American War, in which Mexico lost more than half of its territory to the United States. The Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao predicted in \"\"America in Danger\"\" (1856) that the loss of Texas and northern Mexico to \"\"the talons of the eagle\"\" was just a foretaste of an American bid for world domination. An early exponent of the concept of Latin America, Bilbao excluded Brazil and Paraguay from it, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14992245", "chunk_text": "\"James Monroe\"\non its own, he feared that France or the Holy Alliance might seek to establish control over the former Spanish possessions. On December 2, 1823, in his annual message to Congress, Monroe articulated what became known as the Monroe Doctrine. He first reiterated the traditional U.S. policy of neutrality with regard to European wars and conflicts. He then declared that the United States would not accept the recolonization of any country by its former European master, though he also avowed non-interference with existing European colonies in the Americas. Finally, he stated that European countries should no longer consider the Western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15440923", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Columbus\"\nshown differs from other images, including that of the \"\"Virgin of the Navigators.\"\" Footnotes Citations Bibliography Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4778213", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)\"\nthe First Continental Congress in 1774. When the American Revolutionary War began in 1776, the British blockade of New England meant Spanish ports such as New Orleans and Havana became a vital supply route for the colonists. This support was provided unofficially since Spain's Chief Minister, Count Floridablanca, hoped diplomacy would persuade Britain to return Menorca, Gibraltar and the Floridas and remove illegal settlements in Central America. Peace with Britain was viewed as essential for his domestic reforms, while Spanish colonies in the Americas or New Spain were vulnerable to British naval power. This concern was heightened by border disputes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491955", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\noriginal attempt was to find a new route to India and China, known as \"\"the Indies\"\". He was followed by other explorers such as John Cabot, who was sponsored by England and reached Newfoundland. Pedro Álvares Cabral reached Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. Amerigo Vespucci, working for Portugal in voyages from 1497 to 1513, established that Columbus had reached a new set of continents. Cartographers still use a Latinized version of his first name, \"\"America\"\", for the two continents. Other explorers included Giovanni da Verrazzano, sponsored by France in 1524; the Portuguese João Vaz Corte-Real in Newfoundland; João Fernandes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9843736", "chunk_text": "\"Peace of Paris (1783)\"\nthe United States and Spain, Spain was not an ally of the United States, though an informal alliance had existed since at least 1776 between the Americans and Bernardo de Gálvez, Spanish governor of Louisiana, one of the most successful leaders in the war. Spain's economy depended almost entirely on its colonial empire in the Americas, and a successful revolt by subjects of another colonial empire could set a ruinous example. In fact, there had been a series of three rebellions by native South Americans against Spain between 1777 and 1781, led by Tomás Katari, Tupac Amaru II, and Julian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14476975", "chunk_text": "Unilateralism\nas was many times the case during the period of the Concert of Europe. Unilateralism has had a long history in the United States. In his famous and influential Farewell Address, George Washington warned that the United States should \"\"steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world\"\". Many years later, this approach was labeled (by its opponents) as \"\"isolationism\"\", but some historians of U.S. diplomacy have long argued that \"\"isolationism\"\" is a misnomer, and that U.S. foreign policy, beginning with Washington, has traditionally been driven by unilateralism. Recent works that have made this argument include Walter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16315845", "chunk_text": "\"Heinrich von Eckardt\"\nto Carranza. He was also asked to call Carranza's attention to the Battle of the Atlantic and the possibility that it may further attempts to compel the British into peace. Despite the discovery of the telegram by the United States and Britain, Eckardt approached Foreign Secretary Cándido Aguilar and gave him the proposal a month after the message was sent. Aguilar was sympathetic, but both he and Carranza eventually turned Germany down, mainly due to the premature release. Mexico feared American influence, though, and Eckardt was somewhat able to sway Carranza, who ordered pro-Allied newspapers to reverse their stance. These", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9502093", "chunk_text": "\"First wave of European colonization\"\nchallenged by other European powers, primarily the Netherlands, France and England: the view taken by the rulers of these nations is epitomized by the quotation attributed to Francis I of France demanding to be shown the clause in Adam's will excluding his authority from the New World. This challenge initially took the form of privateering raids (such as that led by Francis Drake) on Spanish treasure fleets or coastal settlements, but later, Northern European countries began establishing settlements of their own, primarily in areas that were outside of Spanish interests, such as what is now the eastern seaboard of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247650", "chunk_text": "\"Latin America\"\nin the Americas, as well as Guam and the Philippines, by dismantling some of the last remaining Spanish colonial possessions throughout the world. The Zimmermann Telegram was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire for Mexico to join an alliance with Germany in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. The revelation of the contents outraged the American public and swayed public opinion. President Woodrow Wilson moved to arm American merchant ships in order to defend themselves against German submarines, which had started to attack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17003309", "chunk_text": "\"Voyages of Christopher Columbus\"\nVoyages of Christopher Columbus In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus encountered the Americas, continents which were largely unknown in Europe and were outside the Old World political and economic system. The four voyages of Columbus began the Spanish colonization of the Americas. For a long time it was generally believed that Columbus and his crew had been the first Europeans to make landfall in the Americas. In fact they were not the first explorers from Europe to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5234988", "chunk_text": "\"History of colonialism\"\ndemanding to be shown the clause in Adam's will excluding his authority from the New World. This challenge initially took the form of piratical attacks (such as those by Francis Drake) on Spanish treasure fleets or coastal settlements, but later the Northern European countries began establishing settlements of their own, primarily in areas that were outside of Spanish interests, such as what is now the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada, or islands in the Caribbean, such as Aruba, Martinique and Barbados, that had been abandoned by the Spanish in favour of the mainland and larger islands. Whereas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8285672", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cuba\"\nupon, in the performance of its duties to the nation, at least to use all the means with the competency to guard against and forfend it\"\". On 2 December 1823, U.S. President James Monroe specifically addressed Cuba and other European colonies in his proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine. Cuba, located just from Key West, Florida, was of interest to the doctrine's founders, as they warned European forces to leave \"\"America for the Americans\"\". The most outstanding attempts in support of annexation were made by the Venezuelan filibuster General Narciso López, who prepared four expeditions to Cuba in the US. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20099555", "chunk_text": "Anti-Americanism\nnative to the continent. James Ceaser has noted that the denouncement of America as inferior to Europe was in part motivated by the German government's fear of mass emigration; de Pauw was called on to convince the Germans that the new world was inferior. De Pauw is also known to have influenced the philosopher Immanuel Kant in a similar direction. De Pauw said that the New World was unfit for human habitation because it was, \"\"so ill-favored by nature that all it contains is either degenerate or monstrous\"\". He asserted that, \"\"the earth, full of putrefacation, was flooded with lizards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16141899", "chunk_text": "\"Arsenal of Democracy\"\nIsles to New England and back again without refueling.\"\" After establishing the danger, the president then proceeded to request action from the people. He acknowledged a telegram he had received. He refuted its message, which he summarized as \"\"Please, Mr. President, don't frighten us by telling us the facts.\"\" The central fact he felt Americans must grasp was the geopolitical Heartland theory: \"\"If Great Britain goes down, the Axis powers will control the continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia, and the high seas—and they will be in a position to bring enormous military and naval resources against this hemisphere.\"\" He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "799170", "chunk_text": "\"Transatlantic relations\"\nmajority of modern states in the Americas can be traced back to colonial states that were founded by European nations, states that were very different from the pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures that had existed before. Even after the United States (and later Canada) became independent, the main relationship between the two continents was one-way migration. Politically the United States tried to keep a distance from European affairs, and Canada was subordinate to British foreign policy. During the First World War however both North American states found themselves fighting in Europe and engrossed in European politics. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4816316", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur de Gobineau\"\nimplored him not to go, predicting that he would be impoverished, robbed and exploited in America, and advised him to stay put in Bavaria, an orderly Catholic society ruled by the House of Wittelsbach. Gobineau was in general hostile towards people in the Americas, writing that who in the Old World does not know \"\"that the New World knows nothing of kings, princes and nobles?-that on those semi-virgin lands, in human societies born yesterday and scarcely yet consolidated, no one has the right or the power to call himself any greater than the very least of its citizens?\"\" Gobineau struck", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17876478", "chunk_text": "\"Western European colonialism and colonization\"\npostcolonial states. The era of European colonialism lasted from the 16th to 19th centuries and involved European powers vastly extending their reach around the globe by establishing colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The dismantling of European empires following World War II saw the process of decolonization begin in earnest. In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill jointly released the Atlantic Charter, which broadly outlined the goals of the U.S. and British governments. One of the main clauses of the charter acknowledged the right of all people to choose their own government. The document", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20684541", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nin the name of England. Nearly at the same time, between 1499 and 1502 the brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real explored and named the coasts of Greenland, Labrador and also Newfoundland, naming \"\"\"\"Terra Verde\"\"\"\" the explored North American coasts. Both explorations were signaled in 1502 Cantino planisphere. It was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia, but rather found what was to Europeans a New World, which in 1507 was named \"\"America\"\", probably after Amerigo Vespucci, on the Waldseemüller map. In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral was sent by Portugal to explore South America. He is considered to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523491", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nor, more broadly, with the West Norse colonization of the Americas. Early explorations and conquests were made by the Spanish and the Portuguese immediately following their own final reconquest of Iberia in 1492. In the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, ratified by the Pope, these two kingdoms divided the entire non-European world into two areas of exploration and colonization, with a north to south boundary that cut through the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern part of present-day Brazil. Based on this treaty and on early claims by Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20099554", "chunk_text": "Anti-Americanism\nthe smallness of American fauna, dogs that ceased to bark, and venomous plants; one theory put forth was that the New World had emerged from the Biblical flood later than the Old World. Native Americans were also held to be feeble, small, and without ardor. The theory originated with Comte de Buffon, a leading French naturalist, in his \"\"Histoire Naturelle\"\" (1766). The French writer Voltaire joined Buffon and others in making the argument. Dutchman Cornelius de Pauw, court philosopher to Frederick II of Prussia became its leading proponent. While Buffon focused on the American biological environment, de Pauw attacked people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19786107", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Brock\"\ninvasion of Canada to punish the British Empire and to lessen the threat to American interests represented by the Native Americans. At the same time, the US leaders believed that the growing population needed new territory; some imagined that the United States was destined to control all of the North American continent. (This philosophy was later known as Manifest Destiny.) American hawks assumed that Canadian colonists would rise up and support the invading U.S. armies as liberators and that, as Thomas Jefferson famously wrote, conquering Canada would be \"\"a mere matter of marching\"\". In response to this emerging threat, Brock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6753719", "chunk_text": "\"Naming of the Americas\"\nEmeric of Hungary), from the Germanic forenames Amalric and Emmerich (however, the Old High German name \"\"Haimirich\"\" may also be a source), from Proto-Germanic \"\"amal\"\" (“vigor, bravery”) or \"\"heim\"\" (\"\"home\"\") + \"\"*rik\"\" (“ruler”). Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first postulated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the Europeans. Vespucci was apparently unaware of the use of his name to refer to the new landmass, as Waldseemüller's maps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8191977", "chunk_text": "\"1954 Guatemalan coup d'état\"\ndictatorial powers, banning opposition parties, imprisoning and torturing political opponents, and reversing the social reforms of the revolution. Nearly four decades of civil war followed, as leftist guerrillas fought a series of U.S.-backed authoritarian regimes whose brutalities included a genocide of the Maya peoples. U.S. President James Monroe's foreign policy doctrine of 1823 warned the European powers against further colonization in Latin America. The stated aim of the Monroe Doctrine was to maintain order and stability, and to ensure that U.S. access to resources and markets was not limited. Historian Mark Gilderhus states that the doctrine also contained racially condescending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369802", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nVespucci, who explored South America between 1497 and 1502, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass previously unknown by Europeans. In 1507, Waldseemüller produced a world map, in which he placed the word \"\"America\"\" on the continent of South America, in the middle of what is today Brazil. He explained the rationale for the name in the accompanying book \"\"Cosmographiae Introductio\"\": For Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name (Americus Vespucius), but in its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2066602", "chunk_text": "\"Latin America–United States relations\"\nsaw as Venezuelan territory. As the dispute became a crisis, the key issue became Britain's refusal to include the territory east of the \"\"Schomburgk Line\"\", in the proposed international arbitration, which a surveyor had drawn half a century earlier as a boundary between Venezuela and the former Dutch territory of British Guiana. By December 17, 1895, President Grover Cleveland delivered an address to the United States Congress reaffirming the Monroe Doctrine and its relevance to the dispute. The crisis ultimately saw the Britain Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, accept the United States' intervention to force arbitration of the entire disputed territory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20055512", "chunk_text": "\"European Confederation\"\nAtlantic coast if such is necessary for the protection of the continent. He also hoped that these measures would not exclude Germany and Italy of allowing France to regain \"\"a position appropriate to its continental and colonial past\"\" in the future. Adolf Hitler was dismissive of the plan, as his vision of the post-war Europe was one of total German hegemony. Ernst von Weizsäcker recorded in his diaries Hitler's position on the matter. On April 13, 1943 he wrote \"\"Reorganization of Europe: no enthusiasm for this idea on our side; the present \"\"jejune communiqué\"\" is a compromise between two parties.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_117	when did the name of bombay change to mumbai?	n/a	[ "1995" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15149468", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nisland has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mamba Dévi, and that she still..., possesses a temple\"\". By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as \"\"Mumbai\"\" or \"\"Mambai\"\" in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as \"\"Bambai\"\" in Hindi. The Government of India officially changed the English name to \"\"Mumbai\"\" in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to \"\"Slate\"\" magazine, \"\"they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725830", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nthe city was incorporated into the dominion of the newly created Maharashtra State from Bombay State. The city's secular fabric was torn apart in the communal riots of 1992–93, while the bombings of 1993 caused extensive loss of life and property. The city was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. Geologists believe that the coast of western India came into being around 100 to 80 mya, after it broke away from Madagascar. Soon after its detachment, the peninsular region of the Indian plate drifted over the Réunion hotspot, a volcanic hotspot in the Earth's lithosphere near the island of Réunion.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12612957", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nAbout 850,000 people fled Bombay and the textile industry was adversely affected. As the capital of the Bombay Presidency, the city witnessed the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement in 1942 and The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946 being its most notable events. After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State. In April 1950, Municipal limits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6789721", "chunk_text": "\"Renaming of cities in India\"\nSimilarly, Bombay, which was always called 'Mumbai' in Marathi, was restored to Mumbai in 1996. The renaming of cities is often specifically from English to Indian English in connection with that dialect's internal reforms. In other words, the city itself is not actually renamed in the local language, and the local name (or endonym) in the indigenous languages of India does not change, but the official spelling in Indian English is amended. An example is the change from English \"\"Calcutta\"\" to English \"\"Kolkata\"\" – the local Bengali name ( \"\"Kôlkata\"\") did not change. Such changes in English spelling may be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725874", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nBombay on 28 February 1948, ending the 282-year-long period of the British in Bombay . After the Partition of India on 15 August 1947, over 100,000 Sindhi refugees from the newly created Pakistan were relocated in the military camps five kilometres from Kalyan in the Maharashta Region. It was converted into a township in 1949, and named Ulhasnagar by the then Governor-General of India, C. Rajagopalachari. In April 1950, Greater Bombay District came into existence with the merger of Bombay Suburbs and Bombay City. It spanned an area of and inhabited 2,339,000 of people in 1951. The Municipal Corporation limits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15149467", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\n(1666), \"\"Bombeye\"\" (1676), \"\"Boon Bay\"\" (1690), and \"\"Bon Bahia\"\". After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as \"\"Bombay\"\". Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the \"\"Mirat-i Ahmedi\"\" (1762) referred to the city as \"\"Manbai\"\". The French traveller Louis Rousselet who visited in 1863 and 1868 tells us in his book \"\"L’Inde des Rajahs\"\" (pub. 1877 in Paris): \"\"Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: \"\"bonne bai\"\", English: \"\"good bay\"\"), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958016", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nGovernor-General of Dutch India on 20 February 1673, and Siddi admiral Sambal on 10 October 1673. In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. The city eventually became the headquarters of the Bombay Presidency. Following the transfer, Bombay was placed at the head of all the company's establishments in India. Towards the end of the 17th century, the islands again suffered incursions from Yakut Khan in 1689–90. The Portuguese presence ended in Bombay when the Marathas under \"\"Peshwa\"\" Baji Rao I captured Salsette in 1737, and Bassein in 1739. By the middle of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2761464", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\ncommunal riots between the Hindus and the Muslims caused by the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. A series of 13 co-ordinated bomb explosions took place in Bombay on 12 March 1993, which resulted in 257 deaths and 700 injuries. The attacks were believed to be orchestrated by mafia don Dawood Ibrahim in retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition. In 1996, the newly elected Shiv Sena-led government renamed the city of Bombay to the native name Mumbai, after the Koli native Marathi people Goddess Mumbadevi. Soon colonial British names were shed to assert or reassert local names, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10855233", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661)\"\nHistory of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661) Bombay, now called Mumbai, \"\"Bombaim\"\" in Portuguese, is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. At the time of arrival of the Portuguese, current Bombay was an archipelago of seven islands. Between the third century BCE and 1348, the islands came under the control of successive Hindu dynasties. The Muslim rulers of Gujarat, who had been ruling current Thane and Vasai for a few decades, annexed the islands in 1348, that were later governed by the Gujarat Sultanate from 1391 to 1534. Growing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15149469", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nEnglish version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule.\"\" \"\"Slate\"\" also said \"\"The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region.\"\" While the city is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by Indians from other regions, mention of the city by a name other than \"\"Mumbai\"\" has been controversial, resulting in emotional outbursts sometimes of a violently political nature. A resident of Mumbai is called \"\"mumbaikar\"\" in Marathi, in which the suffix \"\"kar\"\" means \"\"resident of\"\". The term had been in use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15149466", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\n\"\"Kakamuchee\"\" and \"\"Galajunkja\"\"; these are sometimes still used. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name \"\"Bombaim\"\" in his \"\"Lendas da Índia\"\" (\"\"Legends of India\"\"). This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase \"\"bom baim\"\", meaning \"\"good little bay\"\", and \"\"Bombaim\"\" is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name \"\"Tana-Maiambu\"\": \"\"Tana\"\" appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and \"\"Maiambu\"\" to \"\"Mumbadevi\"\". Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: \"\"Mombayn\"\" (1525), \"\"Bombay\"\" (1538), \"\"Bombain\"\" (1552), \"\"Bombaym\"\" (1552), \"\"Monbaym\"\" (1554), \"\"Mombaim\"\" (1563), \"\"Mombaym\"\" (1644), \"\"Bambaye\"\" (1666), \"\"Bombaiim\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725829", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nduring the 19th century with the first-ever Indian railway line beginning operations between Mumbai and neighbouring Thane in 1853. The city became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century and was the epicentre of the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919 and Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946. After India's independence in 1947, the territory of Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into Bombay State. In 1960, following protests from the Samyukta Maharashtra movement,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8075204", "chunk_text": "\"Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport\"\nto court with BEST asking for a complete closure of the private companies. The case dragged on for four years before the Supreme Court of India granted the organisation a complete monopoly over bus services in the Greater Bombay area. In 1964, due to high operational costs and poor public support, its long-running tram services were terminated. The company became the first company in the country to issue computerised billing in 1974. In 1994, the company introduced electronic meters in a move to replace the less accurate electric meters. With the renaming the city from Bombay to Mumbai in 1995,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5724711", "chunk_text": "Anglicisation\nGeorge IV, reverted to its original Irish name of Dún Laoghaire in 1920, even before Irish independence in 1922; India's Bombay is now Mumbai, even though this is not the oldest local name (see Toponymy of Mumbai) and \"\"Bombay\"\" is still commonly used in the city; Calcutta is now Kolkata and Madras is Chennai. Bangladesh's Dacca is Dhaka. Many Chinese endonyms have become de-anglicised or otherwise replaced with the more recent Hanyu Pinyin Romanization scheme: Canton is now more commonly called Guangzhou (廣州, 广州), and Peking is generally referred to as Beijing (北京), although this reflected a name change from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958017", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\n18th century, Bombay began to grow into a major trading town, and received a huge influx of migrants from across India. Later, the British occupied Salsette on 28 December 1774. With the Treaty of Surat (1775), the British formally gained control of Salsette and Bassein, resulting in the First Anglo-Maratha War. The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the Treaty of Purandar (1776), and later through the Treaty of Salbai (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18855875", "chunk_text": "\"Mumbai City district\"\nconsisting of several islands, was then ruled by native Agris and kolis. These natives ruled the islands up to 1345. Thereafter, Mumbai's rulers changed through history until Islamic rulers conquered what is now Maharashtra and conquered some of the islands in 1534. Subsequently, sultan of Gujarat took over all the islands, which were then conquered by the Portuguese. Following the continued support of England in the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, stemming from the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 and on the accession of a Catholic monarch in 1660, in 1661 the island of Bombay was given to the British as part of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725850", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nPortuguese possession. Later, Cooke managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala for the English. On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the English East India Company for an annual rent of £10 (equivalent retail price index of £1,226 in 2007). The Company immediately set about the task of opening up the islands by constructing a quay and warehouses. A customs house was also built. Fortifications were built around Bombay Castle. A Judge-Advocate was appointed for the purpose of civil administration. George Oxenden became the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12612976", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nmovement during the 20th century. The 1960s saw the rise of regionalist politics in Bombay, with the formation of the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966, out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalisation of the native Marathi people in Bombay. Shiv Sena switched from 'Marathi Cause' to larger 'Hindutva Cause' in 1985 and joined hands with Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) in same year. The Congress had dominated the politics of Bombay from independence until the early 1980s, when the Shiv Sena won the 1985 Bombay Municipal Corporation elections. In 1989, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12612955", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nat merging all the seven islands of Bombay into a single amalgamated mass by way of a causeway called the Hornby Vellard, which was completed by 1784. In 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Baji Rao II, the last of the Maratha \"\"Peshwa\"\" in the Battle of Khadki. Following his defeat, almost the whole of the Deccan came under British suzerainty, and was incorporated into the Bombay Presidency. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan marked the end of all attacks by native powers. By 1845, the seven islands coalesced into a single landmass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958005", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\npart of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958003", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nMumbai Mumbai (; formerly known as Bombay) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.4 million as of 2011. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 21.3 million . Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13603196", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay High Court\"\nof Justice and Mercy are atop this building. In 2016, it was announced that the premises of the Bombay High Court would be shifting to Bandra Kurla Complex. The 125th anniversary of the building was marked by the release of a book, commissioned by the Bar Association, called \"\"\"\"The Bombay High Court: The Story of the Building - 1878–2003\"\"\"\" by local historians Rahul Mehrotra and Sharada Dwivedi. Although the name of the city was changed from Bombay to Mumbai in 1995, the Court as an institution did not follow suit and retained the name Bombay High Court. Although, a bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15149470", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nfor quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands: Isle of Bombay, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as \"\"Little Colaba\"\"). It is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited. Pleistocene sediments found along the coastal areas around Kandivali in northern Mumbai suggest that the islands were inhabited since the South Asian Stone Age. Perhaps at the beginning of the Common Era, or possibly earlier, they came to be occupied by the Koli fishing community.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2085671", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661)\"\nin Portugal and also most of the content in the \"\"Heritage of Portuguese Influence\"\" inventory. a The current Bombay Castle was a structure built by the British on the site of the manor house. History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661) Bombay, now called Mumbai, \"\"Bombaim\"\" in Portuguese, is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. At the time of arrival of the Portuguese, current Bombay was an archipelago of seven islands. Between the third century BCE and 1348, the islands came under the control of successive Hindu dynasties. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12612959", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\n105 people lost their lives in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat. Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them. As a memorial to the martyrs of the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Flora Fountain was renamed as \"\"Hutatma Chowk\"\" (Martyr's Square), and a memorial was erected. The following decades saw massive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2007944", "chunk_text": "\"Heritage structures in Mumbai\"\nHeritage structures in Mumbai Many heritage structures are found in Mumbai, India. Mumbai, previously known as Bombay, consists of seven islands by the coast of Arabian Sea that are connected by bridges and land fill. It is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the business and financial capital of India. Mumbai transferred from Portuguese to British rule as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry to Charles II in 1661. It rose to become India's largest city, driven in large part by its status as a leading cotton trading market and shipping port. Mumbai's history offers many heritage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958021", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nof Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban District and Bombay City to form the Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation. The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. In the \"\"Lok Sabha\"\" discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. The States Reorganisation Committee recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra–Gujarat with Bombay as its capital in its 1955 report. Bombay Citizens' Committee, an advocacy group of leading Gujarati industrialists lobbied for Bombay's independent status. Following protests during the movement in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5098469", "chunk_text": "\"HMIS Bombay (J249)\"\n\"\"Mumbai\"\" is considered to be \"\"Bombay\"\"'s successor, following the name-change of India's largest city. HMIS Bombay (J249) HMIS \"\"Bombay\"\" (J249), later INS \"\"Bombay\"\", named for the city of Bombay (now Mumbai) in India, was one of 60 \"\"Bathurst\"\" class corvettes constructed during World War II and one of four operated by the Royal Indian Navy. \"\"Bombay\"\" was laid down by Morts Dock & Engineering Co in Sydney, Australia on 19 July 1941. She was launched on 6 December 1941, and commissioned on 24 April 1942. HMIS \"\"Bombay\"\" was based in Sydney from the time of commissioning until September 1942. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12232277", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nand the Netherlands in 1674, relieved the British settlements in Bombay of further apprehension from the Dutch. In 1686, the Company shifted its main holdings from Surat to Bombay, which had become the administrative centre of all the west coast settlements then. Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. Yakut Khan landed at Sewri on 14 February 1689, and razed the Mazagon Fort in June 1690. After a payment made by the British to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690. The arrival of many Indian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725860", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\ncompleted in 1802 by Governor Jonathan Duncan. It connected Bombay Island to Kurla in Salsette. On 17 February 1803, a fire raged through the town, razing many localities around the Old Fort, subsequently the British had to plan a new town with wider roads. In May 1804, Bombay was hit by a severe famine, which led to a large-scale emigration. On 5 November 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau. The success of the British campaign in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2088617", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bombay under British rule\"\n1947, finally India was declared independent. The last British troops to leave India, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed through the arcade of the Gateway of India in Bombay on 28 February 1948. The 282-year-long period of the British period in Bombay ended after India's Independence in 1947. History of Bombay under British rule The History of Bombay (earlier known as Bombay) under British rule recounts the development of Mumbai into a modern port and city. On 18 January 1665, King Charles granted Humphrey Cooke the possession of Bombay. However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10857126", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bombay under British rule\"\nHistory of Bombay under British rule The History of Bombay (earlier known as Bombay) under British rule recounts the development of Mumbai into a modern port and city. On 18 January 1665, King Charles granted Humphrey Cooke the possession of Bombay. However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. Later, Cooke managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala for the English. Sir Gervase Lucas, 1st Baronet, who was appointed Governor of Bombay on 5 November 1666, reported that Bombay included all the islands except Colaba and Old Woman's Island. On 21 September 1668,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6543945", "chunk_text": "\"University of Mumbai, Thane Sub Campus\"\nUniversity of Mumbai, Thane Sub Campus The University of Mumbai (known earlier as University of Bombay) is one of the oldest and premier Universities in India. It was established in 1857 consequent upon \"\"Wood's Education Dispatch\"\", and it is one amongst the first three Universities in India. As a sequel to the change in the name of the city from Bombay to Mumbai, the name of the University has been changed from \"\"University of Bombay\"\" to \"\"University of Mumbai\"\", vide notification issued by the Government of Maharashtra and published in the Government Gazette dated 4 September 1996. The Thane Sub", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12612960", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nexpansion of the city and its suburbs. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. The Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) was established on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Bombay metropolitan region. In August 1979, a sister township of New Bombay was founded by the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across the Thane and Raigad districts to help the dispersal and control of Bombay's population. The textile industry in Bombay largely disappeared after the widespread 1982 Great", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8407479", "chunk_text": "\"Bank of Bombay\"\nBank of Bombay The Bank of Bombay was the second of the three presidency banks (others being the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Madras) of the Raj period. It was established, pursuant to a charter of the British East India Company, on 15 April 1840. The bank's headquarters were in Bombay, now called Mumbai. The Bank of Bombay undertook all the normal activities which a commercial bank was expected to undertake. The Bank of Madras, in the absence of any central banking authority at that time, also conducted certain functions which are ordinarily a preserve of a central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725848", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\na watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. The growing power of the Dutch by the middle of the seventeenth century forced the Surat Council of the British Empire to acquire Bombay from King John IV of Portugal in 1659. The marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Portugal on 8 May 1661 placed Bombay in British possession as a part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. On 19 March 1662, Abraham Shipman was appointed the first Governor and General of the city, and his fleet arrived in Bombay in September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "113007", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay State\"\ninhabitants as \"\"Maha Dwibhashi Rajya\"\", meaning, \"\"the great bilingual state\"\". In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of Jawaharlal Nehru, recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in \"\"Lok Sabha\"\" discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. In the 1957 elections, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra. Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of Maharashtra and Gujarat states on May 1, 1960. Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, in which 105", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958019", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nby the Hornby Vellard project via large scale land reclamation. On 16 April 1853, India's first passenger railway line was established, connecting Bombay to the neighbouring town of Thana (now Thane). During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton-trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy that subsequently enhanced the city's stature. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13560154", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nto the Deccan. This road, which was opened on 10 November 1830, facilitated trade in a large measure. By 1830, regular communication with England started by steamers navigating the Red and Mediterranean Sea. In July 1832, the Parsi riots took place in consequence of a Government order for the destruction of pariah dogs which infested the city. The Asiatic Society of Bombay (Town Hall) was completed in 1833, and the Elphinstone College was built in 1835. In 1836, the Chamber of Commerce was established. In 1838, the islands of Colaba and Little Colaba were connected to Bombay by the Colaba", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10232425", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bombay in independent India\"\nThe city was, first and foremost, built and developed by an Britishers Then Migrants From Gujarat Came For industrial and commercial bourgeoisie consisting of Parsis, Gujarati Hindus, Muslims communities earning their wealth on the extensive Arabian trade. The expanding labour force in Bombay was initially drawn from the coastal belt of Konkan, south of the city. Until the 1940s, Marathi speakers from these areas accounted for 68% of the city's population, and held mostly jobs. After India's independence from British rule on 15 August 1947, the territory of Bombay Presidency retained by India after the partition was restructured into Bombay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3582546", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay Time\"\nBombay Time Bombay Time was one of the two official time zones established in British India in 1884. The time zone was established during the International Meridian Conference held at Washington, D.C. in the United States in 1884. It was then decided that India would have two time zones, with Calcutta (now Kolkata) using the 90th meridian east and Bombay (now Mumbai) the 75th meridian east. Bombay Time was set at 4 hours and 51 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). However, Bombay Time was difficult to convert to Indian Standard Time (IST) after it was adopted on 1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5725876", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nwas established in 1958 at Powai, a northern suburb of Bombay. Following protests by the Samyukta Maharashtra movement in which 105 people were killed by police firing, Maharashtra State was formed with Bombay as its capital on 1 May 1960. Flora Fountain was renamed Hutatma Chowk (\"\"Martyr's Square\"\") as a memorial to the Samyukta Maharashtra movement. In the early 1960s, the Parsi and Marwaris Migrant communities owned majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city, while the white-collar jobs were mainly sought by the South Indian migrants to the city. The Shiv Sena party was established on 19", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18855876", "chunk_text": "\"Mumbai City district\"\nRoyal Dowry, on the occasion of the marriage of King Charles II of England with the Portuguese Princess Infanta Catherine of Braganza. The island of Bombay, was then to remain part of British Raj until 15 August 1947, the day India celebrates annually as Indian Independence day, when it became an autonomous dominion, experiencing the dawn of independence from foreign rule see History of the Republic of India. Initially, Charles II entrusted the administration of Bombay to the East India Company. By a Royal Charter under the Regulation XIX of 1827, passed by the British Government, the Collector of Bombay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12232276", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nimported the first printing press into Bombay. Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10,000 to 60,000. Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, landed at Bombay in October 1672 and ravaged the local inhabitants there. On 20 February 1673, Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India attacked Bombay, but the attack was resisted by Aungier. On 10 October 1673, the Siddi admiral Sambal entered Bombay and destroyed the Pen and Nagothana rivers, which were very important for the English and the Maratha King Shivaji. The Treaty of Westminster concluded between England", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13958015", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nEmpire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. From 1665 to 1666, the English managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala. In accordance with the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, England leased these islands to the English East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum. The population quickly rose from 10,000 in 1661, to 60,000 in 1675. The islands were subsequently attacked by Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, in October 1672, Rickloffe van Goen, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17791314", "chunk_text": "Chennai\nTemple was built in 1646 while some scholar argue for the contrary. In 1996, the Government of Tamil Nadu officially changed the name from \"\"Madras\"\" to \"\"Chennai\"\". At that time many Indian cities underwent a change of name. However, the name \"\"Madras\"\" continues in occasional use for the city, as well as for places named after the city such as University of Madras, IIT Madras, Madras Institute of Technology, Madras Medical College, Madras Veterinary College, Madras Christian College. The name \"\"Madras\"\" originated even before the British presence was established in India. There have been clear evidences that Madras is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "545125", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bombay in independent India\"\nHistory of Bombay in independent India Mumbai is the financial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. Bombay grew into a leading commercial center of British India during the 19th century on the basis of textile mills and overseas trade. After independence from British rule, the desire to domesticate a Marathi social and linguistic Bombay to a cosmopolitan framework was strongly expressed in the 1950s. Bombay, one of the earliest cities in India to be industrialized, emerged as the centre of strong organized labour movement in India, which inspired labour movements across India. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2761461", "chunk_text": "\"History of Mumbai\"\nJune 1966 by Bombay cartoonist Bal Thackeray, out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalization of the native Marathi people in their native state Maharashtra. In the 1960s and 1970s, Shiv Sena fought for rights of native Marathis. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. During the 1970 there were Bombay-Bhiwandi riots. During the 1970s, coastal communication increased between Bombay and south western coast of India, after introduction of ships by the London-based trade firm Shepherd. These ships facilitated the entry of Goan and Mangalorean Catholics to Bombay. Nehru Centre was established", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14230508", "chunk_text": "\"Bombay plague epidemic\"\ncreating a healthier city. One of the measures taken by the CIT was the building of roads, like Princess Street and Sydenham Road (now Mohammedali Road), which would channel the sea air into the more crowded parts of the town. Bombay plague epidemic The Bombay plague epidemic was a bubonic plague epidemic that struck the city of Mumbai (then known as Bombay) in the late nineteenth century. The plague killed thousands, and many fled the city leading to a drastic fall in the population of the city. The rapid growth of Bombay's commerce led to a large influx of workers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15149475", "chunk_text": "Mumbai\nPortuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535. The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay. They called the islands by various names, which finally took the written form \"\"Bombaim\"\". The islands were leased to several Portuguese officers during their regime. The Portuguese Franciscans and Jesuits built several churches in the city, prominent being the St. Michael's Church at Mahim (1534), St. John the Baptist Church at Andheri (1579), St. Andrew's Church at Bandra (1580), and Gloria Church at Byculla (1632). The Portuguese also built several fortifications around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_118	where does the formation of atp take place?	n/a	[ "plasma membrane in bacteria", "inner mitochondrial membrane", "thylakoid membrane", "mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9908976", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nATP synthase ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used \"\"energy currency\"\" of cells for all organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P). The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: The formation of ATP from ADP and P is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H) concentration across the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12953889", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nchain as a source of energy. The overall process of creating energy in this fashion is termed oxidative phosphorylation. The same process takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and the F-part projects into mitochondrial matrix. The consumption of ATP by ATP-synthase pumps proton cations into the matrix. The evolution of ATP synthase is thought to have been modular whereby two functionally independent subunits became associated and gained new functionality. This association appears to have occurred early in evolutionary history, because essentially the same structure and activity of ATP synthase enzymes are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10665632", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nthe enzyme because of the high concentration of mitochondria in cardiac muscle. The following is a list of humans genes that encode components of ATP synthases: ATP synthase ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used \"\"energy currency\"\" of cells for all organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P). The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: The formation of ATP from ADP and P is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18985324", "chunk_text": "\"Cellular respiration\"\nATP. In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial cristae. It comprises the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the boundary of inner membrane by oxidizing the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme when the chemiosmotic gradient is used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP. The electrons are finally transferred to exogenous oxygen and, with the addition of two protons, water is formed. The table below describes the reactions involved when one glucose molecule is fully oxidized into carbon dioxide. It is assumed that all the reduced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9360394", "chunk_text": "ATPase\nATPase ATPases (, \"\"adenylpyrophosphatase\"\", \"\"ATP monophosphatase\"\", \"\"triphosphatase\"\", \"\"SV40 T-antigen\"\", \"\"adenosine 5'-triphosphatase\"\", \"\"ATP hydrolase\"\", \"\"complex V (mitochondrial electron transport)\"\", \"\"(Ca + Mg)-ATPase\"\", \"\"HCO-ATPase\"\", \"\"adenosine triphosphatase\"\") are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reactions that would not otherwise occur. This process is widely used in all known forms of life. Some such enzymes are integral membrane proteins (anchored within biological membranes), and move solutes across the membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. These are called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10395721", "chunk_text": "F-ATPase\nF-ATPase F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase, is an ATPase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes (in oxidative phosphorylation, where it is known as Complex V), and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. It uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis by allowing the passive flux of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient and using the energy released by the transport reaction to release newly formed ATP from the active site of F-ATPase. In some bacteria, sodium ions may be used instead of protons. Together with V-ATPases and A-ATPases, F-ATPases belong to superfamily of related ATP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17512271", "chunk_text": "\"Basal metabolic rate\"\ncan require a breakdown, and also to build in the rest period, which occurs during the strengthening phase associated with muscular contraction. ATP is composed of adenine, a nitrogen containing base, ribose, a five carbon sugar (collectively called adenosine), and three phosphate groups. ATP is a high energy molecule because it stores large amounts of energy in the chemical bonds of the two terminal phosphate groups. The breaking of these chemical bonds in the Krebs Cycle provides the energy needed for muscular contraction. Because the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in all carbohydrates is always the same as that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12953898", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nis integrated into thylakoid membrane; the CF-part sticks into stroma, where dark reactions of photosynthesis (also called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle) and ATP synthesis take place. The overall structure and the catalytic mechanism of the chloroplast ATP synthase are almost the same as those of the bacterial enzyme. However, in chloroplasts, the proton motive force is generated not by respiratory electron transport chain but by primary photosynthetic proteins. The ATP synthase isolated from bovine (\"\"Bos taurus\"\") heart mitochondria is, in terms of biochemistry and structure, the best-characterized ATP synthase. Beef heart is used as a source for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9360397", "chunk_text": "ATPase\nin high concentration. This process is considered active transport. For example, the blocking of the vesicular H-ATPases would increase the pH inside vesicles and decrease the pH of the cytoplasm. The ATP synthase of mitochondria and chloroplasts is an anabolic enzyme that harnesses the energy of a transmembrane proton gradient as an energy source for adding an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This enzyme works when a proton moves down the concentration gradient, giving the enzyme a spinning motion. This unique spinning motion bonds ADP and P", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15204595", "chunk_text": "Metabolism\na membrane. Pumping protons out of the mitochondria creates a proton concentration difference across the membrane and generates an electrochemical gradient. This force drives protons back into the mitochondrion through the base of an enzyme called ATP synthase. The flow of protons makes the stalk subunit rotate, causing the active site of the synthase domain to change shape and phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate – turning it into ATP. Chemolithotrophy is a type of metabolism found in prokaryotes where energy is obtained from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. These organisms can use hydrogen, reduced sulfur compounds (such as sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19544285", "chunk_text": "\"Proton pump\"\nProton pump A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane. Proton pumps catalyze the following reaction: Mechanisms are based on energy-induced conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle. During evolution, proton pumps have arisen independently on multiple occasions. Thus, not only throughout nature but also within single cells, different proton pumps that are evolutionarily unrelated can be found. Proton pumps are divided into different major classes of pumps that utilize different sources of energy, have different polypeptide compositions and evolutionary origins. Transport of the positively charged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6941260", "chunk_text": "\"ATP hydrolysis\"\nATP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (P). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (P). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17490591", "chunk_text": "\"Proton pump\"\nthe cell. The process could also be seen as analogous to cycling uphill or charging a battery for later use, as it produces potential energy. The proton pump does not create energy, but forms a gradient that stores energy for later use. The energy required for the proton pumping reaction may come from light (light energy; bacteriorhodopsins), electron transfer (electrical energy; electron transport complexes I, III and IV) or energy-rich metabolites (chemical energy) such as pyrophosphate (PPi; proton-pumping pyrophosphatase) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP; proton ATPases). Complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) (also referred to as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or, especially in the context", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18814217", "chunk_text": "Gluconeogenesis\nGluconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. In ruminants, this tends to be a continuous process. In many other animals, the process occurs during periods of fasting, starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise. The process is highly endergonic until it is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP or GTP, effectively making the process exergonic. For example, the pathway leading from pyruvate to glucose-6-phosphate requires 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of GTP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14538440", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine triphosphate\"\nthe thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The process is called photophosphorylation. The \"\"machinery\"\" is similar to that in mitochondria except that light energy is used to pump protons across a membrane to produce a proton-motive force. ATP synthase then ensues exactly as in oxidative phosphorylation. Some of the ATP produced in the chloroplasts is consumed in the Calvin cycle, which produces triose sugars. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.2 moles. The majority of ATP is recycled from ADP by the aforementioned processes. Thus, at any given time, the total amount of ATP + ADP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990649", "chunk_text": "Chemiosmosis\nis the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP), making ATP. The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as in most bacteria and archaea, an electron transport chain pumps H+ ions in the thylakoid spaces through thylakoid membranes. The energy from the electron movement through electron transport chains cross through ATP synthase which allows the proton to pass through them and use this free energy difference to photophosphorylate ADP making ATP. Peter D. Mitchell proposed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4909245", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\nin the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped when protons flow back across the membrane and down the potential energy gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. The ATP synthase uses the energy to transform adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into adenosine triphosphate, in a phosphorylation reaction. The reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor. Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4909243", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\nOxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation (UK , US ) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In most eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4910165", "chunk_text": "\"Oxidative phosphorylation\"\npathway. This enzyme is found in all forms of life and functions in the same way in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The enzyme uses the energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate (P). Estimates of the number of protons required to synthesize one ATP have ranged from three to four, with some suggesting cells can vary this ratio, to suit different conditions. This phosphorylation reaction is an equilibrium, which can be shifted by altering the proton-motive force. In the absence of a proton-motive force, the ATP synthase reaction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14538434", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine triphosphate\"\nspace. This pumping generates a proton motive force that is the net effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Flow of protons down this potential gradient – that is, from the intermembrane space to the matrix – yields ATP by ATP synthase. Three ATP are produced per turn. Most of the ATP synthesized in the mitochondria will be used for cellular processes in the cytosol; thus it must be exported from its site of synthesis in the mitochondrial matrix. ATP outward movement is favored by the membrane's electrochemical potential because the cytosol", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18162051", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine diphosphate\"\nthe cytoplasm, the viscous fluid that fills living cells, where the glycolytic reactions take place. The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle is an 8-step process that takes the pyruvate generated by glycolysis and generates 4 NADH, FADH2, and GTP, which is further converted to ATP. It is only in step 5, where GTP is generated, by succinyl-CoA synthetase, and then converted to ATP, that ADP is used (GTP + ADP → GDP + ATP). Oxidative phosphorylation produces 26 of the 30 equivalents of ATP generated in cellular respiration by transferring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10401085", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine triphosphate\"\nAdenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the \"\"molecular unit of currency\"\" of intracellular energy transfer. When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Other processes regenerate ATP so that the human body recycles its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA, and is used as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6816271", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nantibiotic that is able to inhibit the F unit of ATP synthase. These functional regions consist of different protein subunits — refer to tables. This enzyme is used in synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration. Located within the thylakoid membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane, ATP synthase consists of two regions F and F. F causes rotation of F and is made of c-ring and subunits a, b, d, F6. F is made of formula_1 subunits. F has a water-soluble part that can hydrolyze ATP. F on the other hand has mainly hydrophobic regions. F F creates a pathway for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19544295", "chunk_text": "\"Proton pump\"\nprotein associated with proton pumping. Proton pump A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane. Proton pumps catalyze the following reaction: Mechanisms are based on energy-induced conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle. During evolution, proton pumps have arisen independently on multiple occasions. Thus, not only throughout nature but also within single cells, different proton pumps that are evolutionarily unrelated can be found. Proton pumps are divided into different major classes of pumps that utilize different sources of energy, have different polypeptide compositions and evolutionary origins.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9360398", "chunk_text": "ATPase\ntogether to create ATP. ATP synthase can also function in reverse, that is, use energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump protons against their electrochemical gradient. There are different types of ATPases, which can differ in function (ATP synthesis and/or hydrolysis), structure (F-, V- and A-ATPases contain rotary motors) and in the type of ions they transport. P-ATPases (sometime known as E1-E2 ATPases) are found in bacteria and also in eukaryotic plasma membranes and organelles. Its name is due to short time attachment of inorganic phosphate at the aspartate residues at the time of activation. Function of P-ATPase is to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5626798", "chunk_text": "Photophosphorylation\nPhotophosphorylation In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. All organisms produce ATP, which is the universal energy currency of life. Commonly in photosynthesis this involves photolysis, or photodissociation, of water and a continuous unidirectional flow of electrons from water to PSII . In photophosphorylation, light energy is used to create a high-energy electron donor and a lower-energy electron acceptor. Electrons then move spontaneously from donor to acceptor through an electron transport chain.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9636184", "chunk_text": "Biochemistry\nadenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy-carrier molecule found in all living organisms. Also, the nitrogenous bases possible in the two nucleic acids are different: adenine, cytosine, and guanine occur in both RNA and DNA, while thymine occurs only in DNA and uracil occurs in RNA. Glucose is an energy source in most life forms. For instance, polysaccharides are broken down into their monomers (glycogen phosphorylase removes glucose residues from glycogen). Disaccharides like lactose or sucrose are cleaved into their two component monosaccharides. Glucose is mainly metabolized by a very important ten-step pathway called glycolysis, the net result of which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6816272", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nprotons movement across the membrane. The F portion of ATP synthase is hydrophilic and responsible for hydrolyzing ATP. This portion is located through the intermembrane space between the inter membrane space of the mitochondria. Subunits formula_2 and formula_3 make a hexamer with 6 binding sites. Three of them are catalytically inactive and they bind ADP. Other three subunits catalyze the ATP synthesis. The other F subunits formula_4 are a part of a rotational motor mechanism. formula_5 subunit allows formula_3 to go through conformational changes, i.e. closed, half open and open states allows for ATP to be bound and released once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12894116", "chunk_text": "Photophosphorylation\nATP is made by an enzyme called ATP synthase. Both the structure of this enzyme and its underlying gene are remarkably similar in all known forms of life. ATP synthatase is powered by a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, usually in the form of a proton gradient. The function of the electron transport chain is to produce this gradient. In all living organisms, a series of redox reactions is used to produce a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, or a so-called proton motive force (pmf). Redox reactions are chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20171714", "chunk_text": "\"Cellular respiration\"\nCellular respiration Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process, as weak so-called \"\"high-energy\"\" bonds are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. Cellular respiration is considered an exothermic redox reaction which releases heat. The overall reaction occurs in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9908977", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nor the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma. ATP synthase consists of two main subunits, F and F, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production. Because of its rotating subunit, ATP synthase is a molecular machine. The F fraction derives its name from the term \"\"Fraction 1\"\" and F (written as a subscript letter \"\"o\"\", not \"\"zero\"\") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14538446", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine triphosphate\"\nslower rate than ATP itself and functions as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent processes. In crystallographic studies, hydrolysis transition states are modeled by the bound vanadate ion. Caution is warranted in interpreting the results of experiments using ATP analogs, since some enzymes can hydrolyze them at appreciable rates at high concentration. Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the \"\"molecular unit of currency\"\" of intracellular energy transfer.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14538426", "chunk_text": "\"Adenosine triphosphate\"\nbonds\"\". The hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate releases 30.5 kJ/mol of enthalpy, with a change in free energy of 3.4 kJ/mol. The energy released by cleaving either a phosphate (P) or pyrophosphate (PP) unit from ATP at standard state of 1 M are: These abbreviated equations can be written more explicitly (R = adenosyl): With a typical intracellular concentration of 1–10 mM, ATP is abundant. The dephosphorylation of ATP and rephosphorylation of ADP and AMP occur repeatedly in the course of aerobic metabolism. ATP can be produced by a number of distinct cellular processes; the three main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16370214", "chunk_text": "Anabolism\ncleavage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Anabolism usually involves reduction and decreases entropy, making it unfavorable without energy input. The starting materials, called the precursor molecules, are joined together using the chemical energy made available from hydrolyzing ATP, reducing the cofactors NAD, NADP, and FAD, or performing other favorable side reactions. Occasionally it can also be driven by entropy without energy input, in cases like the formation of the phospholipid bilayer of a cell, where hydrophobic interactions aggregate the molecules. The reducing agents NADH, NADPH, and FADH, as well as metal ions, act as cofactors at various steps in anabolic pathways.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9510321", "chunk_text": "Phosphorylation\nfluorescence polarization, fluorescence-quenching, mobility shift, bead-based detection, and cell-based formats. ATP, the \"\"high-energy\"\" exchange medium in the cell, is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to ADP in a process referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is also synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis. ATP is synthesized at the expense of solar energy by photophosphorylation in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Phosphorylation In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group. Together with its counterpart, dephosphorylation, it is critical for many cellular processes in biology. Phosphorylation is especially important for protein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15204599", "chunk_text": "Metabolism\nfor further ATP generation. Anabolism is the set of constructive metabolic processes where the energy released by catabolism is used to synthesize complex molecules. In general, the complex molecules that make up cellular structures are constructed step-by-step from small and simple precursors. Anabolism involves three basic stages. First, the production of precursors such as amino acids, monosaccharides, isoprenoids and nucleotides, secondly, their activation into reactive forms using energy from ATP, and thirdly, the assembly of these precursors into complex molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids. Organisms differ according to the number of constructed molecules in their cells.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10665626", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nmore ADP and phosphate, ready for the next cycle of ATP production. Like other enzymes, the activity of FF ATP synthase is reversible. Large-enough quantities of ATP cause it to create a transmembrane proton gradient, this is used by fermenting bacteria that do not have an electron transport chain, but rather hydrolyze ATP to make a proton gradient, which they use to drive flagella and the transport of nutrients into the cell. In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase, in general, runs in the opposite direction, creating ATP while using the proton motive force created by the electron transport", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12629816", "chunk_text": "Mitochondrion\nMitochondrion The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms may, however, lack them (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids, and diplomonads, have also reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. To date, only one eukaryote, \"\"Monocercomonoides\"\", is known to have completely lost its mitochondria. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek , , \"\"thread\"\", and , , \"\"granule\"\" or \"\"grain-like\"\". Mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6941268", "chunk_text": "\"ATP hydrolysis\"\nΔG, one can see that the energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP, as measured in humans, is almost twice as much as the energy produced in standard conditions. ATP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (P). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5091178", "chunk_text": "\"Carbohydrate catabolism\"\nmolecules of ATP is therefore one of the most important biochemical pathways found in living organisms. Glycolysis, which means “sugar splitting,” is the initial process in the cellular respiration pathway. Glycolysis can be either an aerobic or anaerobic process. When oxygen is present, glycolysis continues along the aerobic respiration pathway. If oxygen is not present, then ATP production is restricted to anaerobic respiration. The location where glycolysis, aerobic or anaerobic, occurs is in the cytosol of the cell. In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is split into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. These carbon molecules are oxidized into NADH and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371877", "chunk_text": "\"Metabolic pathway\"\nreaction is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to form the intermediate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP in the pathway of glycolysis. The resulting chemical reaction within the metabolic pathway is highly thermodynamically favorable and, as a result, irreversible in the cell. formula_1 A core set of energy-producing catabolic pathways occur within all living organisms in some form. These pathways transfer the energy released by breakdown of nutrients into ATP and other small molecules used for energy (e.g. GTP, NADPH, FADH). All cells can perform anaerobic respiration by glycolysis. Additionally, most organisms can perform more efficient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17512270", "chunk_text": "\"Basal metabolic rate\"\nrelease of energy—is catabolism. The building up process is termed anabolism. The breakdown of proteins into amino acids is an example of catabolism, while the formation of proteins from amino acids is an anabolic process. Exergonic reactions are energy-releasing reactions and are generally catabolic. Endergonic reactions require energy and include anabolic reactions and the contraction of muscle. Metabolism is the total of all catabolic, exergonic, anabolic, endergonic reactions. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the intermediate molecule that drives the exergonic transfer of energy to switch to endergonic anabolic reactions used in muscle contraction. This is what causes muscles to work which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14232111", "chunk_text": "Bioenergetics\ninitially transformed by the plants during photosynthesis. In a living organism, chemical bonds are broken and made as part of the exchange and transformation of energy. Energy is available for work (such as mechanical work) or for other processes (such as chemical synthesis and anabolic processes in growth), when weak bonds are broken and stronger bonds are made. The production of stronger bonds allows release of usable energy. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main \"\"energy currency\"\" for organisms; the goal of metabolic and catabolic processes are to synthesize ATP from available starting materials (from the environment), and to break- down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10665625", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nbe carried out in reverse, with ATP hydrolysis driving proton pumping across the membrane. The binding change mechanism involves the active site of a β subunit's cycling between three states. In the \"\"loose\"\" state, ADP and phosphate enter the active site; in the adjacent diagram, this is shown in pink. The enzyme then undergoes a change in shape and forces these molecules together, with the active site in the resulting \"\"tight\"\" state (shown in red) binding the newly produced ATP molecule with very high affinity. Finally, the active site cycles back to the open state (orange), releasing ATP and binding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11366163", "chunk_text": "Metabolism\ngroup-transfer reactions is carried out by a particular coenzyme, which is the substrate for a set of enzymes that produce it, and a set of enzymes that consume it. These coenzymes are therefore continuously made, consumed and then recycled. One central coenzyme is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency of cells. This nucleotide is used to transfer chemical energy between different chemical reactions. There is only a small amount of ATP in cells, but as it is continuously regenerated, the human body can use about its own weight in ATP per day. ATP acts as a bridge between catabolism", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9908979", "chunk_text": "\"ATP synthase\"\nsynthesized. The F particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining. These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane. F is a water insoluble protein with eight subunits and a transmembrane ring. The ring has a tetramer shape with a helix loop helix protein that goes though conformational changes when protonated and deprotonated, pushing neighboring subunits to rotate, causing the spinning of F which then also affects conformation of F, resulting in switching of states of alpha and beta subunits. The F region of ATP synthase is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2322113", "chunk_text": "\"Proton pump\"\nelectron from each of four cytochrome c molecules, and transfers them to one oxygen molecule, converting molecular oxygen to two molecules of water. In the process, it binds four protons from the inner aqueous phase to make water and in addition translocates four protons across the membrane. This enzyme helps to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential that the ATP synthase of mitochondria then uses to synthesize ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) driven proton pumps (also referred to as proton ATPases or -ATPases) are proton pumps driven by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Three classes of proton ATPases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8951892", "chunk_text": "\"Proton ATPase\"\nProton ATPase In the field of enzymology, a proton ATPase is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, , and , whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and . Proton ATPases are divided into three groups as outlined below: P-type ATPases form a covalent phosphorylated (hence the symbol ’P') intermediate as part of its reaction cycle. P-type ATPases undergo major conformational changes during the catalytic cycle. P-type ATPases are not evolutionary related to V- and F-type ATPases. P-type proton ATPase (or plasma membrane -ATPase) is found in the plasma membranes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079091", "chunk_text": "\"Electron transport chain\"\npowers most cellular reactions. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-level phosphorylation, for example, in glycolysis. In most organisms the majority of ATP is generated in electron transport chains, while only some obtain ATP by fermentation. Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, which produce ATP from products of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid oxidation. At the mitochondrial inner membrane, electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water. The electron transport chain comprises an enzymatic series of electron donors and acceptors. Each electron donor will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18985315", "chunk_text": "\"Cellular respiration\"\nthird phosphate group is added to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH The negative ΔG indicates that the reaction can occur spontaneously. The potential of NADH and FADH is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the \"\"terminal electron acceptor\"\". Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_119	who plays matthew on anne with an e?	n/a	[ "R. H. Thomson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18023334", "chunk_text": "\"Anne Shirley\"\n\"\"Anne: Journey to Green Gables\"\", with McKenzie Sullivan providing the voice of Anne. In 2016, a 90-minute movie was made (\"\"L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables\"\") with Ella Ballentine as Anne Shirley, Sara Botsford as Marilla Cuthbert, and Martin Sheen as Matthew Cuthbert. This was followed by sequels in 2017, entitled \"\"Anne of Green Gables: The Good Stars\"\" and \"\"Anne of Green Gables: Fire & Dew\"\". Anne is portrayed by Amybeth McNulty in the 2017-present CBC and Netflix dramatic series \"\"Anne with an E\"\". Lennie Goodings, a publisher for Virago Press, chose Anne as her favorite fictional character, stating, \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2202828", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew James Thomas\"\nThe musical was nominated for a total of 10 awards and won 4. Thomas' performance in \"\"Pippin\"\" earned him a nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical by the Outer Critics Circle Awards. In 2015, Thomas was nominated for the Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical (HAYES Production) for his performance in \"\"Diner\"\". Matthew James Thomas Matthew James Thomas (born 3 March 1988), also occasionally credited as Matthew Thomas, is a British actor who has made appearances in television, film, and theater. He is known for his television roles including the BAFTA and Emmy Award-winning,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2444378", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Jade Zumann\"\nhometown at Music Theater Works (formerly Light Opera Works) He then played a cameo in the Netflix series \"\"Sense8\"\". Zumann's first big role was in the horror film \"\"Sinister 2\"\", playing Milo. He was also noticed by playing the character Jamie Fields, in the Oscar Nominated for Best Screenplay \"\"20th Century Women\"\", alongside Elle Fanning, Billy Crudup, Greta Gerwig and Annette Bening. He is now known globally as Gilbert Blythe on the Canadian Netflix series \"\"Anne with an E\"\". He has also portrayed Nathan Daldry/A on the teen rom-com movie Every Day. Lucas Jade Zumann Lucas Jade Zumann (born December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16146908", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Absolom\"\nJoe Absolom Joseph Absolom (born 16 December 1978 in Reading, Berkshire) is an English actor best known for playing Matthew Rose in the popular BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" and Al Large in \"\"Doc Martin\"\". Absolom, a former pupil of Forest Hill School, made early appearances in the Sun-Pat peanut butter advertisements before making his acting debut with the 1991 film \"\"Antonia and Jane\"\" which was followed by roles in several television series such as \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Dangerfield\"\" and \"\"Silent Witness\"\". Absolom joined the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" in 1997 and had few storylines in his first year on the show.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10954862", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew James Thomas\"\nDudamel, alongside fellow Broadway actors Jeremy Jordan and Karen Olivo. Thomas trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre School in London and later at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts also in London. He grew up largely in Buckinghamshire, England. His first professional acting job came at the age of 8 when he played Kipper in a production of \"\"Oliver!\"\" in the West End. As a child, he also appeared as Simon in \"\"Billy Elliot\"\" and in \"\"About a Boy\"\", starring Hugh Grant. Additionally, Thomas made frequent appearances on numerous British television shows, including \"\"Wonderful You\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Bad Girls\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "908813", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Goode\"\nmost-watched show each week for its 8-episode run. Goode has been in a relationship with Sophie Dymoke since 2005, and they married in 2014. They have two daughters, Matilda Eve Goode (b. March 2009) and Teddie Eleanor Rose Goode (b. September 2013), and a son, Ralph Goode (b. August 2015). Matthew Goode Matthew William Goode (born 3 April 1978) is an English actor. He made his screen debut in 2002 with ABC's TV film feature \"\"Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister\"\". His breakthrough role was in the romantic comedy, \"\"Chasing Liberty\"\" (2004), for which he received a nomination at Teen Choice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2444377", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Jade Zumann\"\nLucas Jade Zumann Lucas Jade Zumann (born December 12, 2000) is an American actor. He is known for playing Milo in the horror film \"\"Sinister 2\"\", Jamie Fields in the indie comedy-drama film \"\"20th Century Women\"\" and Gilbert Blythe in \"\"Anne with an E\"\". Zumann was born in the Chicago, Illinois, neighborhood of Rogers Park, the oldest of four brothers. He was discovered by a talent agent when auditioning for a Disney talent search in Chicago at Paskal Rudnicke casting. \"\" His first foray into acting came as an ensemble member in a production of the musical \"\"Oliver!\"\" in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14629344", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Alan\"\nMatthew Alan Matthew Alan Gerbig is an American actor. He appeared in over 40 movies, including \"\"Walking the Halls\"\". He is also a producer of the short film \"\"Bowman\"\". Matthew has appeared as a guest star in several TV series, including \"\"13 Reasons Why\"\" and an episode of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". Alan is in a relationship with English actress Camilla Luddington. In October 2016, Luddington announced that the couple was expecting a child together. Their daughter Hayden was born in early April 2017. In January 2018, she and Alan got engaged. From Evansville, Indiana, Matthew Alan Gerbig is a graduate of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14598584", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Parris\"\nPaul Parris Paul Parris (born Paul Adams on 19 June 1975) is a British actor and director, best known for his role as Matthew Pearson in the long-running BBC school drama, \"\"Grange Hill\"\", from 1988–92. He has also made various other appearances in television, such as \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"Neighbours\"\" and \"\"EastEnders\"\". He later appeared as series regular Bruno di Gradi (or Barry Grade) in Nickelodeon's \"\"Renford Rejects\"\". In 2013 and 2014, DramaLab took part in the National Theatre Connections Festival, performing \"\"The Guffin\"\", by Howard Brenton, and \"\"Same\"\", by Deborah Bruce. Both plays transferred to the Bristol Old Vic.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7401292", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Parris\"\nPaul Parris Paul Parris (born Paul Adams on 19 June 1975) is a British actor and director, best known for his role as Matthew Pearson in the long-running BBC school drama, \"\"Grange Hill\"\", from 1988–92. He has also made various other appearances in television, such as \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"Neighbours\"\" and \"\"EastEnders\"\". He later appeared as series regular Bruno di Gradi (or Barry Grade) in Nickelodeon's \"\"Renford Rejects\"\". In 2013 and 2014, DramaLab took part in the National Theatre Connections Festival, performing \"\"The Guffin\"\", by Howard Brenton, and \"\"Same\"\", by Deborah Bruce. Both plays transferred to the Bristol Old Vic.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20742914", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda Tapping\"\n\"\"X Company\"\" She also directed 5 episodes (1.12; 2.4; 2.7; 2.8 and 2.9) of Netflix Original Show \"\"Travelers\"\" ; Tapping directed the season finale of the 2017 series \"\"Anne with an \"\"E\"\". Tapping married Alan Kovacs in 1994. As of 2004, she lives with her husband in Vancouver, British Columbia. She has two living brothers, Richard and Christopher. A third brother, Steven, died in December 2006. Tapping has one daughter, Olivia, born on 22 March 2005. Tapping has won 6 awards, out of 13 nominations. Amanda Tapping Amanda Tapping (born 28 August 1965) is an English-Canadian actress and director. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14629345", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Alan\"\nWestern Kentucky University. Reference: WKU Alumni News. Matthew Alan Matthew Alan Gerbig is an American actor. He appeared in over 40 movies, including \"\"Walking the Halls\"\". He is also a producer of the short film \"\"Bowman\"\". Matthew has appeared as a guest star in several TV series, including \"\"13 Reasons Why\"\" and an episode of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". Alan is in a relationship with English actress Camilla Luddington. In October 2016, Luddington announced that the couple was expecting a child together. Their daughter Hayden was born in early April 2017. In January 2018, she and Alan got engaged. From Evansville, Indiana,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3110056", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Rhys\"\nBards, for his contributions to the Welsh language and Wales. His bardic name in the Gorsedd is Matthew Tâf. In August 2009, Rhys took to the stage with the National Youth Orchestra of Wales as part of the National Eisteddfod. Rhys has been in a relationship with his \"\"The Americans\"\" co-star Keri Russell since 2013. They had their first child, a son named Sam, in late May 2016. He is a supporter of Plaid Cymru. Matthew Rhys Matthew Rhys Evans (born 4 November 1974), known professionally as Matthew Rhys (), is a Welsh actor. He is known for playing Philip", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9541714", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Best (actor)\"\nAdam Best (actor) Adam Best (born 16 November 1982 in Donaghadee, County Down, Northern Ireland) is an actor from Northern Ireland who trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama for 3 years. He attended Donaghadee Primary School and Bangor Grammar School and gained experience with the Ulster Youth Theatre and Drama School. He is probably most famous for his role as Matt Parker on the BBC One drama \"\"Holby City\"\". He has also appeared in episodes of \"\"Silent Witness\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\" and \"\"Waking the Dead\"\" as well as \"\"The Catherine Tate Show\"\" 2007 Christmas Special. In 2011,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3565808", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Healy\"\nMatt Healy David James \"\"Matt\"\" Healy (born 16 July 1970) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for his roles as Matthew King in \"\"Emmerdale\"\" from 2004 to 2008 and in The Bill as Alan Morton. When he was three years old his family moved from Paisley to Oldham, Lancashire, where he was brought up. He attended Oldham College and the University of Salford. After leaving college he travelled abroad until deciding to take up acting as a full-time career, but admits that he spent a lot of time \"\"resting\"\" and taking on manual jobs between finding roles. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11553579", "chunk_text": "\"Neil Stuke\"\nNeil Stuke Neil Robert Stuke (born 22 February 1966 in Deal, Kent) is an English actor best known for his role of Matthew in the TV sitcom \"\"Game On\"\" and more recently for playing Billy Lamb in the BBC legal drama \"\"Silk\"\". Stuke played Matthew in the second and third series of \"\"Game On\"\". He also played the role of head clerk Billy Lamb in the BBC television series \"\"Silk\"\". His television career also includes \"\"Between the Lines\"\", \"\"Trust\"\", \"\"Reggie Perrin\"\", \"\"At Home with the Braithwaites\"\", \"\"Monday Monday\"\", \"\"Office Gossip\"\", \"\"Bedtime\"\", \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\", \"\"The Catherine Tate Show\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8734652", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Wilkas\"\nYork Is Dead\"\", a series that he co-wrote and produced. As Felix, he co-stars with \"\"Gayby\"\" actress Jenn Harris. Also in 2017, he is appearing in a lead role as X in \"\"Boy Culture: The Series\"\", an episodic sequel to the original 2006 LGBT American drama film \"\"Boy Culture\"\". A Kickstarter campaign was launched for the production. The series will also include Darryl Stephens (as Andrew), Matthew Crawford (as Chayce), as well as Stephen Guarino and singer Steve Grand. Matthew Wilkas is openly gay. Since November 2015, he has been in a relationship with freestyle skiing champion and Olympic athlete", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8294600", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Stevens\"\nDan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film \"\"The Guest\"\" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film \"\"\"\" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (2017), Lorin Willis in the biographical legal drama \"\"Marshall\"\" (2017), and Charles Dickens in the biographical drama \"\"The Man Who Invented Christmas\"\" (2017). Since 2017, he has starred as David Haller in the FX", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14920282", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew J. Evans\"\nof California playing such roles as Winthrop in \"\"The Music Man\"\", the title role in \"\"Oliver!\"\", Chip in \"\"Beauty and The Beast,\"\" and \"\"Michael in Peter Pan.\"\" At the age of nine, Evans started acting professionally in film and television. He has appeared in Scrubs, The King of Queens, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, I Didn't Do it, and received a Young Artist Award in 2014 for his guest starring role on Lab Rats. Feature films have included Smiley Face with Anna Farris, Downstream, and Bad Teacher directed by Jake Kasdan. Evans produced and directed his first documentary short film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4960492", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Absolom\"\nHome\"\" by John Peacock, based on a true story of the fight by East End couple Edna and Jack Wallace to get their son's body brought home from Aden, and the ensuing fight for the rights of British Service personnel. Absolom played the role of Eddie Wallace and the play also included other ex EastEnders actors Bill Treacher, Edna Doré, Todd Carty and Tilly Vosburgh. Joe Absolom Joseph Absolom (born 16 December 1978 in Reading, Berkshire) is an English actor best known for playing Matthew Rose in the popular BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" and Al Large in \"\"Doc Martin\"\". Absolom,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13082171", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Daniels\"\nBest Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play. Daniels has also appeared on popular television series including \"\"Cutting It\"\" (2002–04), \"\"The Virgin Queen\"\" (2005), \"\"\"\" (2009–11), \"\"The Paradise\"\" (2013), \"\"House of Cards\"\" (2013–14), and \"\"The Exorcist\"\" (2016–17). On April 1, 2018 he appeared in the live televised concert rendition of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's Jesus Christ Superstar as Pontius Pilate. On June 20, 2018, TVLine revealed that Daniels will play Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, in season 3 of the Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\". Daniels was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. His father was an engineer at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936872", "chunk_text": "\"Anne with an E\"\nused \"\"Anne with an E\"\". CBC adopted the \"\"Anne with an E\"\" name beginning in the second season. On August 3, 2017, both CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10-episode second season, which began production in November 2017. Season 2 premiered on Netflix on July 6, 2018, and on CBC on September 23, 2018. In August 2018, CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10-episode third season to premiere in 2019. In the late 19th century, brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in their old age, decide to take on an orphan boy to help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1281732", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Knight\"\nMatthew Knight Matthew Knight (born 1993/1994) is a Canadian actor who made his debut in 2002 when he played Peter in a television episode of \"\"Queer as Folk\"\". He is best known for his role as Jake Kimble in \"\"The Grudge\"\" film series. Since then he has appeared in over a dozen television series, more than ten television movies and a number of feature-length and short films. He has been nominated seven times for a Young Artist Award and has won twice: once for his performance in \"\"Candles on Bay Street\"\" (2006) and once for his performance in \"\"Gooby\"\" (2009).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5016443", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Buchanan\"\nopening of Shelter, formerly Capricorn, with his old friend from London. He later moves out of his parents house and in with Jeffrey King (Corbin Bleu). After chatting online with Michelle, he drove to Toronto and learned she was a fake. The role was originated by child actors Steven and Nicholas Towler in February 1999 upon the character's onscreen birth. The Towler brothers vacated the role in June 2000. Ian Chandler Sheaffer from July 2000 to the spring of 2001. Eddie Alderson assumed the role on April 2001, on a recurring basis and first appeared on May 10, 2001. According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1818436", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Savant\"\nDoug Savant Douglas Peter Savant (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He played Matt Fielding in \"\"Melrose Place\"\" (1992–97) and Tom Scavo in the ABC's \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" (2004–12). Savant first gained notice for playing a younger version of Mac McKenzie (played by Kojak alumnus Kevin Dobson) on the CBS night time soap opera \"\"Knots Landing\"\". He was paired with future \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" co-star Nicollette Sheridan, who played a younger version of the Anne Matheson character portrayed by Michelle Phillips. In the 1980s, he appeared in such films as \"\"Masquerade\"\" starring Rob Lowe, \"\"Teen Wolf\"\" with Michael J. Fox,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1710635", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Schechter\"\nCity Opera in productions of Tosca and Cavalleria Rusticana. Schechter has also performed as a voice actor in commercials and other recordings. Matthew Schechter Matthew Schechter (born 15 October 2000) is an American child actor working in theatre, television and film. Schechter has performed in six Broadway shows since his debut in 2009. In addition, Schechter has worked on several television programs, including Law & Order, 30 Rock, and \"\".\"\" Most recently, Schechter filmed \"\"Bad Dads\"\", a drama-comedy short film with costar Danny Burstein and acted as Peter Best in Law & Order Special Victims Unit. Schechter made his Broadway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16932101", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Alderson\"\nEddie Alderson Eddie Alderson (born October 27, 1994) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Matthew Buchanan on the ABC Daytime American soap opera \"\"One Life to Live\"\" in 2001 until 2012. Alderson's performance in the role has been met with critical acclaim, having garnered two Young Artist Award nominations in 2009 and a Daytime Emmy Award nomination in 2012. Eddie Alderson was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, to Rich and Kathy Alderson. Alderson has portrayed Matthew Buchanan on ABC's \"\"One Life to Live\"\" since May 10, 2001. He was put on contract with the OLTL series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "327753", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Everett Scott\"\nin \"\"Beauty & the Beast\"\", Kevin Duval in \"\"Scream\"\", and William in \"\"Reign\"\". He currently stars in the sitcom \"\"I'm Sorry\"\". Scott was born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, the son of Cynthia \"\"Cindy\"\" (née Pierce), an insurance sales representative, and William Joseph \"\"Bill\"\" Scott (died 2007), a civil engineer. He graduated from Syracuse University in 1992, where he started out as a communications major, but eventually majored in drama. His first notable role was appearing for several seasons in the recurring role of Matthew on the television situation comedy \"\"Grace Under Fire\"\". He played the title character's illegitimate son, whom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8800819", "chunk_text": "\"Mitch Longley\"\nMitch Longley Mitch Longley (born June 23, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for his role of Matt Harmon on the soap opera \"\"Port Charles\"\" (1997-2000). Mitch Longley was born in Cleveland, Ohio to John and Betty, a Food Services Executive and a Surgical Nurse. He was the second child born to the family, having an older brother named Matthew. At the age of 5, his family relocated to Rowayton, Connecticut, and had his first yearnings to become an actor. As he was growing up, he performed in local plays, acting and singing. He was a student at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12454714", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Baladi\"\nPatrick Baladi Patrick Bashir Baladi (born 25 December 1971) is an English actor and musician. He is best known for playing Neil Godwin in the BBC Sitcom \"\"The Office\"\", Michael Jackson in the Sky 1 drama \"\"Stella\"\" and Stephen Holmes in the ITV thriller \"\"Marcella\"\". Patrick was born in Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands. His father was a gynaecologist and obstetrician, and his mother a midwife. Patrick grew up with his siblings, Sara, Charlotte, Sophie and Nicholas. He was educated at Stonyhurst College, where he was the first student to win the Charles Laughton Prize for his roles in \"\"Joseph and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6103765", "chunk_text": "\"Colin Hanlon\"\nColin Hanlon Colin Hanlon (born November 1) is an American actor, known for his role on \"\"Submissions Only\"\". Hanlon has a BFA in Drama from Syracuse University. His mother is named Teresa, and his father is Gavin. After appearing in numerous commercials, Hanlon began work in the theatre. He has appeared on Broadway as Gordon, Mark, and Roger in \"\"Rent\"\", and played Fiyero in the national tour of \"\"Wicked\"\". Off-Broadway, he has starred as Frederic in \"\"The Pirates of Penzance\"\" and Austin Bennett in \"\"I Love You Because\"\". He also appeared in the world premiere of \"\"Edges\"\". On screen, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936871", "chunk_text": "\"Anne with an E\"\nAnne with an E Anne with an E is a Canadian drama television series based on the 1908 novel \"\"Anne of Green Gables\"\" by Lucy Maud Montgomery, and adapted by Emmy Award-winning writer and producer Moira Walley-Beckett. It airs on CBC Television in Canada, and elsewhere in the world it is available for streaming on Netflix. The first season consists of seven episodes, with Niki Caro directing the 90-minute season premiere. The series premiered on March 19, 2017, on CBC, the first season finale airing on April 30, 2017. The first season was titled simply Anne in Canada, while Netflix", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9531558", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Rhett Noble\"\nJosh Rhett Noble Josh Rhett Noble (born September 6, 1980) is an American stage, television, film and voice actor. Noble is best known for his role as Gaston in Disney's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" in theaters across the country, various guest star roles in television (including stints in and the Jay-Z produced ) and for providing voice and motion capture for the Rockstar produced video game \"\"Red Dead Redemption 2.\"\" He is the recipient of the 2011 BroadwayWorld Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Matthew in \"\"Altar Boyz\"\" as well as the 2013 BroadwayWorld Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5535877", "chunk_text": "\"Ella Ballentine\"\nAnne of Green Gables\"\" previewed in Canada on YTV, on February 15, 2016. PBS purchased the rights of the movie for the United States. The movie also received distribution deals across Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Subsequently, YTV has ordered two more episodes (\"\"The Good Stars\"\", and \"\"Fire & Dew\"\") that were both shot in 2016 with Ballentine as Anne, Martin Sheen as Matthew Cuthbert, Sara Botsford as Marilla Cuthbert, Julia Lelonde as Diana Barry, and Drew Haytaoglu as Gilbert Blyth. All three episodes were directed by John Kent Harrison. Back in 2015 Ella also landed the role of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3314253", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Crane\"\nMatt Crane Matthew Crane (born May 4, 1967) is an American actor, usually credited as Matt Crane. Crane appeared in the miniseries \"\"War and Remembrance\"\" and guest starred on the series \"\"Tour of Duty\"\" and \"\"Gidget\"\". His most notable soap opera credit is playing Matthew Cory on \"\"Another World\"\" (1988 to 1997, and 1999). He left \"\"Another World\"\" in 1997 to pursue his passion of sculpting, and returned in 1999 as the show ended. Crane also appeared on \"\"General Hospital\"\" in 2004, as Ross Duncan. Crane was born in Kimberton, Pennsylvania. He attended the Honolulu University and the American Academy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7895970", "chunk_text": "\"David Monahan\"\nSullivan; they have one adopted child together. Sullivan and Monahan are featured in a Campbell's Soup ad released in 2015. David Monahan David Harold Monahan (born August 13, 1971) is an American actor, best known for recurring roles on \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\" as Detective Matt Seely and \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\" as Tobey Barret. He has also appeared in such films as \"\"The Last Supper\"\" (2000), \"\"The Mostly Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green\"\" (2005) and \"\"Something New\"\" (2006). He also appeared in the \"\"Supernatural\"\" episode \"\"Houses of the Holy\"\". Monahan was born in North Olmsted, Ohio. A 1989 graduate of Bishop Denis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9128693", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Baladi\"\na member of the band Grow Up, along with Keith Allen. Patrick Baladi Patrick Bashir Baladi (born 25 December 1971) is an English actor and musician. He is best known for playing Neil Godwin in the BBC Sitcom \"\"The Office\"\", Michael Jackson in the Sky 1 drama \"\"Stella\"\" and Stephen Holmes in the ITV thriller \"\"Marcella\"\". Patrick was born in Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands. His father was a gynaecologist and obstetrician, and his mother a midwife. Patrick grew up with his siblings, Sara, Charlotte, Sophie and Nicholas. He was educated at Stonyhurst College, where he was the first student to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1818440", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Savant\"\n(born January 17, 1992) and Madeline (born July 20, 1993). Doug Savant Douglas Peter Savant (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He played Matt Fielding in \"\"Melrose Place\"\" (1992–97) and Tom Scavo in the ABC's \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" (2004–12). Savant first gained notice for playing a younger version of Mac McKenzie (played by Kojak alumnus Kevin Dobson) on the CBS night time soap opera \"\"Knots Landing\"\". He was paired with future \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" co-star Nicollette Sheridan, who played a younger version of the Anne Matheson character portrayed by Michelle Phillips. In the 1980s, he appeared in such films as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16718759", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Hall (actor)\"\nOwen. This was Hall's first long-term professional job. The show has so far been a slow success, with Hall getting rave reviews, including: \"\"This was an energetic and remarkably accurate journey through the back catalogue with both Daniel Paul Maines as Gary, and Matthew Hall as Mark delivering tone-perfect performances that could almost be considered a masterpiece in mimickery, rather than the usual close approximation achieved by other acts\"\" Matthew Hall (actor) Matthew Hall (born 10 June 1991) is an English television and stage actor from Bradford. He trained with Stage 84 from a young age and studied at Leeds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10099986", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Symons\"\nto Lorenzo Smith, a son of Viscount Hambleden and descendent of English stationery tycoon W.H. Smith, for two years. Symons said in an interview that her need for children and the resultant cycles of IVF eventually 'killed' the marriage. She later dated her Emmerdale co-star Matt Healy, who played Matthew King. They broke up just before she took part in \"\"\"\"Dancing on Ice\"\"\"\" Symons gave birth to a baby boy, born on 3 August 2015, a week before her 46th birthday. Emily Symons Emily Symons (born 10 August 1969) is an Australian-born actress, active on both Australian and British television.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14273934", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lawrence\"\nSilent Night and This Dame, Matt also played guitar on the remaining three. In 2011, Lawrence guest-starred on his brother's sitcom ABC Family's \"\"Melissa & Joey\"\". In 2015, he reprised his role as Jack Hunter in the series \"\"Girl Meets World\"\", a spin-off/sequel of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\". In 2017 Matt started a band with Joey and Andy called Still Three. They released their debut single \"\"Lose Myself\"\". He was previously engaged to Heidi Mueller from 2004 to 2006. He has been dating professional dancer Cheryl Burke since February 2017. On May 3, 2018, they got engaged. Matthew Lawrence Matthew William", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5257491", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Northam\"\nJeremy Northam Jeremy Philip Northam (born December 1, 1961) is an English actor. After a number of television roles, he earned attention as Mr. Knightley in the 1996 film adaptation of Jane Austen's \"\"Emma\"\". He has appeared in the films \"\"Gosford Park\"\", \"\"Amistad\"\", \"\"The Winslow Boy\"\", \"\"Enigma\"\", \"\"Martin and Lewis\"\", amongst others. He also played Thomas More in the Showtime series \"\"The Tudors\"\". From 2016 to 2017 he appeared as Anthony Eden in the Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\". Northam was born in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, the youngest of four siblings. His mother, Rachel (née Howard), was a potter and professor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7576176", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Atkinson\"\nby Design\"\" and Austin Travers on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Most recently Atkinson has portrayed Finn in the ABC series \"\"The Middle\"\" and Jason on the ABC Family series \"\"Young & Hungry\"\". Matthew Atkinson John Matthew Atkinson is an American actor and musician. Atkinson was born in Marietta, Georgia. Atkinson's family moved around several times living in Alabama and Mississippi before settling in Kennesaw, Georgia. After high school Atkinson moved to Atlanta taking college courses, while simultaneously pursuing acting, and eventually moved to Los Angeles. Atkinson made his television debut on The WB/CW drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Atkinson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14679999", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Stevens\"\nEden (born 2016), and a son, Aubrey (born 2012). Actress Rebecca Hall is godmother to his daughter Willow. Stevens endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series \"\"Downton Abbey\"\" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film \"\"The Guest\"\" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film \"\"\"\" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (2017), Lorin Willis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765456", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lewis (actor)\"\nit has appeared multiple times throughout his life. For example, he was 11 years old when obtaining the role for Harry Potter, he has a tattoo of the number 11 on his right arm and he also owns clothing with the number 11 on them. Lewis has lived in London since 2015. Lewis announced his marriage to Angela Jones on 28 May 2018. On 24 July 2012 Lewis received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Leeds Metropolitan University for his contribution to the arts and charity work. Matthew Lewis (actor) Matthew David Lewis (born 27 June 1989) is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15539518", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Goode\"\nMatthew Goode Matthew William Goode (born 3 April 1978) is an English actor. He made his screen debut in 2002 with ABC's TV film feature \"\"Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister\"\". His breakthrough role was in the romantic comedy, \"\"Chasing Liberty\"\" (2004), for which he received a nomination at Teen Choice Awards for Choice Breakout Movie Star - Male. He then appeared in a string of supporting roles in films like Woody Allen's \"\"Match Point\"\" (2005), the German-British romantic comedy \"\"Imagine Me and You\"\" (2006), and the period drama \"\"Copying Beethoven\"\" (2006). He's garnered praise for his performance as Charles Ryder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16175179", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Lowell\"\nChris Lowell Christopher Lowell (born October 17, 1984) is an American television and film actor. He played the roles of Stosh \"\"Piz\"\" Piznarski in the CW noir drama \"\"Veronica Mars\"\", William \"\"Dell\"\" Parker in the ABC \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" spin-off \"\"Private Practice,\"\" Jeremy Graves on the Epix series \"\"Graves\"\", and Bash on the Netflix series \"\"GLOW\"\". Lowell was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended the Atlanta International School, where he became interested in theatre and filmmaking. He attended the University of Southern California, where he was discovered in his first year while playing beach volleyball. In his spare time, he enjoys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10195565", "chunk_text": "\"David Monahan\"\nDavid Monahan David Harold Monahan (born August 13, 1971) is an American actor, best known for recurring roles on \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\" as Detective Matt Seely and \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\" as Tobey Barret. He has also appeared in such films as \"\"The Last Supper\"\" (2000), \"\"The Mostly Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green\"\" (2005) and \"\"Something New\"\" (2006). He also appeared in the \"\"Supernatural\"\" episode \"\"Houses of the Holy\"\". Monahan was born in North Olmsted, Ohio. A 1989 graduate of Bishop Denis J. O'Connell High School, Monahan graduated from Harvard University with an honor degree in government. Monahan's husband is actor Larry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11960864", "chunk_text": "\"Chad Allen (actor)\"\nChad Allen (actor) Chad Allen (born June 5, 1974) is a retired American actor. Beginning his career at the age of seven, Allen is a three-time Young Artist Award winner and GLAAD Media Award honoree. He was a teen idol during the late 1980s as David Witherspoon on the NBC family drama \"\"Our House\"\" and as Zach Nichols on the NBC sitcom \"\"My Two Dads\"\" before transitioning to an adult career as Matthew Cooper on the CBS western drama \"\"\"\". He announced his retirement from acting in April 2015. Allen was born Chad Allen Lazzari on June 5, 1974, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8734648", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Wilkas\"\nMatthew Wilkas Matthew Wilkas (born April 20, 1978) is an American New York based theatre and film actor, playwright and reality television personality. He is best known for his lead role as Matt in the 2012 feature film \"\"Gayby\"\". Wilkas co-wrote with American actor and playwright Mark Setlock titled \"\"Pageant Play\"\", a satire about the world of child beauty pageants. The play was produced in July 2008 at the Berkshire Theatre Festival. and in 2012, he was in the stage production \"\"\"\" replacing main actor Matt Caplan. Wilkas has appeared on stage in a number of acts including \"\"Silence! (The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_120	who wrote song what a friend we have in jesus?	n/a	[ "Charles Crozat Converse", "Joseph M. Scriven", "William Bolcom" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8445395", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\nWhat a Friend We Have in Jesus \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\" is a Christian hymn originally written by preacher Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855 to comfort his mother who was living in Ireland while he was in Canada. Scriven originally published the poem anonymously, and only received full credit for it in the 1880s. The tune to the hymn was composed by Charles Crozat Converse in 1868. William Bolcom composed a setting of the hymn. The hymn also has many versions with different lyrics in multiple languages. The \"\"Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal\"\" notes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17432429", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend\"\nsong samples the Christian hymn What a Friend We Have in Jesus by Joseph M. Scriven, who wrote it in 1855 to comfort his mother in Iceland while he was living in Canada. Maher shows God’s faithfulness even in the midst of personal sorrow and devastation. On the song, Maher sings about the joy of our friendship with the Saviour. \"\"Aleteia\"\" described the song as \"\"switching gears from quiet worship to bouncing folk-rock, with a country-pop hook, where the piece is infused with a jubilant energy, which is aided by a perfectly employed gospel-ish choir.\"\" A lyric video was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17779328", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph M. Scriven\"\nJoseph M. Scriven Joseph Medlicott Scriven, (10 September 1819 – 10 August 1886) was an Irish poet, best known as the writer of the poem which became the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". Joseph Scriven was born in 1819 of prosperous parents in Banbridge, County Down, Ireland. He graduated with a degree from Trinity College, Dublin in 1842. His fiancée accidentally drowned in 1843, the night before they were to be married. In 1845, at the age of 25, left his native country and migrated to Canada, settling in Woodstock, Ontario. His reasons for leaving his country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4177928", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph M. Scriven\"\nJoseph M. Scriven Joseph Medlicott Scriven, (10 September 1819 – 10 August 1886) was an Irish poet, best known as the writer of the poem which became the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". Joseph Scriven was born in 1819 of prosperous parents in Banbridge, County Down, Ireland. He graduated with a degree from Trinity College, Dublin in 1842. His fiancée accidentally drowned in 1843, the night before they were to be married. In 1845, at the age of 25, left his native country and migrated to Canada, settling in Woodstock, Ontario. His reasons for leaving his country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "936692", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Scriven\"\nserved the Diocese of Pittsburgh as assistant bishop. He is married to Catherine and has a daughter, Anna, and a son, Joel. Scriven is great-great-grandnephew of Joseph Scriven, Irish poet, best known as the writer of the poem which became the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". Scriven was the 980th bishop consecrated or (as in his case) received into the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Henry Scriven Henry William Scriven (born 30 August 1951) is an English Anglican bishop who has served in Europe and in America. Scriven was educated at Repton School in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17348583", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Crozat Converse\"\nCharles Crozat Converse Charles Crozat Converse (October 7, 1832 – October 18, 1918) was an American attorney who also worked as a composer of church songs. He is notable for setting to music the words of Joseph Scriven to become the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". Converse published an arrangement of \"\"The Death of Minnehaha\"\", with words by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He was born in Warren, Massachusetts. He studied law and music in Leipzig, Germany, returned home in 1857, and was graduated at the Albany Law School in 1861. Many of his musical compositions appeared under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20411119", "chunk_text": "\"Ibu Pertiwi (song)\"\nthis adoptation resembled the Christian hymn What a Friend We Have in Jesus, originally written by Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855. The hymn is sung in Indonesian as \"\"Yesus Kawan yang Sejati\"\" and in Toba Batak as \"\"Ise do Alealenta\"\" and is popular in Batak churches, as well as in Protestant and Roman Catholic churches. Even though Indonesia has a statistically larger Muslim community, the hymn is quite widely known. Prior his death in 1958, the melody of the music was adopted by Ismail Marzuki, the composer of the Ibu Pertiwi song. Ibu Pertiwi (song) Ibu Pertiwi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9710615", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\nthe 1973 film \"\"O Lucky Man!\"\" and later became a hit when used in the 1987 Volkswagen Golf television commercial. The tune was in the labor protest movement due to its wide popularity. \"\"Dump the Bosses Off Your Backs\"\" (words by John Brill) was published in the IWW \"\"Little Red Songbook\"\" and has been recorded by dozens of artists including Utah Phillips, Anne Feeney, and Joe Glazer. A Norwegian version was used in the film \"\"Trollhunter\"\". It was sung in the 1984 film \"\"Footloose\"\". What a Friend We Have in Jesus \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\" is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8445398", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\nprior to when Suharto seized power in 1967, the same music was adopted for a popular patriotic song titled \"\"Ibu Pertiwi\"\". In Hindi, the hymn is a very important song and is sung as \"\"Yeshu kaisa dost pyara\"\". In Marathi, the hymn has been translated as \"\"Kon Mitra Yeshuwani\"\" By Mary Bessel.The song is common during solemn services (Passion week and burial). In Malayalam, the hymn as \"\"Enthu Nallore sakhi Yesu\"\" is sung to comfort and as an invitation to Christ. This hymn had been translated into Telugu and it is sung during occasions as a song of comfort and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208122", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\nJesus, Friend of Sinners \"\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\" is a song by American Christian rock band Casting Crowns. Written by Mark Hall and Matthew West and produced by Mark A. Miller, it was released as the second single from the band's 2011 album \"\"Come to the Well\"\". The song has been regarded musically as a \"\"pop hymn\"\" and lyrically \"\"admonishes the church to show compassion\"\". \"\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\" met with a positive reception from critics, many of whom praised the song's lyrical content. A music video has been released for the song. It has peaked at No. 1 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8445397", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\nAnother version was written by Ryūkō Kawaji with the title . It is also known by the title . The hymn is popular at wedding ceremonies in Japan. In Indonesia, the hymn is known as \"\"Yesus Kawan yang Sejati\"\" and is sung in Indonesian or Batak (the indigenous language of North Sumatra) in Manado, Maluccan, and Protestant churches (around 6% of the population). Statistically, the majority of Indonesians are Muslim (around 76%) but native religion elements have up to 90% of the total population and consequently the hymn is widely known only among musicians, scholars and Indonesia's Christian community. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17432428", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend\"\nWhat a Friend \"\"What a Friend\"\" is a song performed by Canadian contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist Matt Maher. The song was released as the second single from his 2017 album \"\"Echoes\"\" on September 15, 2017. The song peaked at No. 10 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his seventh Top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 26 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a E major key, and 110 beats per minute. \"\"What a Friend\"\" was released on September 15, 2017, as the second single from his fifth studio album \"\"Echos\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15852329", "chunk_text": "\"Our Great Savior\"\nOur Great Savior Our Great Savior is a hymn written by John Wilbur Chapman and composed by Rowland Prichard under the tune Hyfrydol. It was published in 1910 and was renewed in 1938 by Robert Harkness. In some hymnals, it is titled Jesus! What a Friend For Sinners!. Jesus! what a Friend for sinners! Jesus! Lover of my soul; Friends may fail me, foes assail me, He, my Savior, makes me whole. Chorus Hallelujah! what a Savior! Hallelujah! what a Friend! Saving, helping, keeping, loving, He is with me to the end. Jesus! what a strength in weakness! Let me", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16020943", "chunk_text": "\"George Hamilton IV\"\nMusic Association. A single from the album, \"\"Little Mountain Church House\"\", won nominee recognition in the \"\"Best Bluegrass Recorded Song\"\" category the following year. Until the very late years of his life, Hamilton was a regular at the \"\"Grand Ole Opry\"\" in Nashville and in country shows throughout the U.S. and the UK. He mainly concentrated on gospel tours both at home and abroad. In 2007 he collaborated with Live Issue, a group from Northern Ireland, to record a live album based on the life of Joseph Scriven, who wrote the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17779329", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph M. Scriven\"\nseem to be two-fold: the religious influence of the Plymouth Brethren upon his life estranging him from his family. He only remained in Canada briefly after becoming ill, but returned in 1847. In 1855, while staying with James Sackville in Bewdley, Ontario, north of Port Hope, he received news from Ireland of his mother being terribly ill. He wrote a poem to comfort his mother called \"\"Pray Without Ceasing\"\". It was later set to music and renamed by Charles Crozat Converse, becoming the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". Scriven did not have any intentions nor dream that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18582415", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend\"\non February 23, 2018. A live version of the song was released on June 15, 2018, featuring Christian music singer Jason Crabb. What a Friend \"\"What a Friend\"\" is a song performed by Canadian contemporary Christian music (CCM) artist Matt Maher. The song was released as the second single from his 2017 album \"\"Echoes\"\" on September 15, 2017. The song peaked at No. 10 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart, becoming his seventh Top 10 single from that chart. It lasted 26 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a E major key, and 110 beats", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16086992", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\nSinners\"\" was written by Mark Hall and Matthew West and produced by Mark A. Miller. It was recorded by Sam Hewitt at Zoo Studio in Franklin, Tennessee; additional recording was conducted by Michael Hewitt at Lifesong Studio in McDonough, Georgia. Some vocal recording was conducted by Billy Lord at Eagle's Landing Studio in McDonough, Georgia. The string sections on the song were arranged by David Davidson and recorded by Bacho Shin at Ocean Way Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. Mixing was handled by Sam Hewitt, while digital editing was done by Matt Naylor and Michael Hewitt. The song was submixed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16086993", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\nBacho Shin at ShinShack Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, and it was mastered by Andrew Mendleson at Georgetown Masters in Nashville, Tennessee. Musically, \"\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\" has been described as a \"\"pop hymn\"\". Lyrically, it \"\"admonishes the church to show compassion\"\" and \"\"laments how the world knows many Christ followers more by what they are against than what they are for\"\". The opening verse of the song, \"\"Jesus Friend of Sinners/we have strayed so far away/we cut down people in Your name/but the sword was never ours to swing/... The world is on their way to You/but they’re tripping over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9710614", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\nsolace. It is translated as \"\"Preethi gala mana Yesu\"\" and it is listed in the Andhra Kraisthava Keerthanalu (Andhra Christian hymnals) as hymn No. 407. In India, the hymn sung in Konkani, \"\"Dulob Jezu\"\", was translated by Felix Paul Noronha of Mangalore. A version was sung during World War I with the line \"\"When this bloody war is over\"\" in place of the original title. The tune was used in the 1969 film, \"\"Oh! What a Lovely War\"\" with the title \"\"When This Lousy War Is Over\"\". The tune was used in Alan Price's song \"\"Changes\"\", which was written for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15006134", "chunk_text": "Matewan\nappears in the film as a member of the Freewill Baptist Church whose voice is heard leading the congregation in an a cappella hymn (\"\"What A Friend We Have in Jesus\"\") and also sings over the grave of a fallen union miner, Hillard Elkins, (\"\"Gathering Storm\"\"). Dickens also sings \"\"Hills of Galilee\"\" over the closing credits. The soundtrack was released on LP, by Columbia, 37.089 Other performers are John Hammond, Phil Wiggins (harmonica); Gerry Milnes, Stuart Schulman (Fiddle), John Curtis, Jim Costa (mandolin); Guitar by John Curtis (guitar), Mason Daring (guitar, dobro). Matewan Matewan () is a 1987 American drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8445396", "chunk_text": "\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\n\"\"In spite of the fact that this hymn, with its tune, has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type, its popularity remains strong, and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals.\"\" In some settings, the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh \"\"Calon Lân\"\" (originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as \"\"A Pure Heart\"\"). In Japan, the hymn's title was originally translated as , which is what it is best known by. In 1910, Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16086996", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\nthe Christian AC, Christian CHR, and Soft AC/Inspirational formats on March 3, 2012. It has so far peaked at No. 6 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Christian Songs chart, No. 6 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Christian AC chart, No. 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Christian AC Indicator chart, No. 21on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Soft AC/Inspirational chart, and No. 20 on the Christian CHR chart. Casting Crowns has released a music video for the song. Jesus, Friend of Sinners \"\"Jesus, Friend of Sinners\"\" is a song by American Christian rock band Casting Crowns. Written by Mark Hall and Matthew West and produced by Mark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11301815", "chunk_text": "\"He Set My Life to Music\"\nFriend We Have in Jesus\"\", \"\"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\"\", and Dottie Rambo's \"\"I Will Glory in the Cross\"\". The album included four duets with mainly Gospel artists. \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\" was recorded with B.J. Thomas, \"\"I Turn to Him\"\" with The Blackwood Brothers, \"\"I Will Glory in the Cross\"\" with Dottie Rambo, and \"\"Through It All\"\" with Andrae Crouch. The album was re-released many years later under the Universal Special Products. Carpenter gave the album three out of five stars. \"\"He Set My Life to Music\"\" reached #59 on the \"\"Billboard Magazine\"\" Top Country Albums chart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16873212", "chunk_text": "\"Randall Franks\"\nShare America and the Mountain Opry. Crimson Records released his Christian music and comedy CD \"\"Keep 'Em Smilin'\"\" in 2016 after Franks premiered it in an appearance with former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. He shared music backed by Southern gospel pianist Curtis Broadway. Selections on “Keep ‘Em Smilin’” include some of his most requested songs: “This Little Light of Mine,” “What a Friend We Have in Jesus,” “Amazing Grace,” “Old Time Religion,” and “In the Garden.” Among the comedy stories are “Chicken Addiction,” “A Tunnel Runs Through It/Re-Enactment,” “Indigenous/Sgt. York,” and “Cousin Viola and the Sanctified Grape Juice.” In addition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12409379", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nYou've Got a Friend \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first recorded by King, and included in her album \"\"Tapestry\"\". Another well-known version is by James Taylor from his album \"\"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\"\". His was released as a single in 1971 reaching number 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The two versions were recorded simultaneously in 1971 with shared musicians. \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" won Grammy Awards both for Taylor (Best Male Pop Vocal Performance) and King (Song of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6776458", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Gibson (Christian musician)\"\nJon Gibson (Christian musician) Jon Robert Gibson (born January 3, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Originally a blue-eyed soul singer, he switched to contemporary Christian music in the late-1980s. Gibson scored a number of hit singles, including \"\"Jesus Loves Ya\"\" (which spent a then-record 11 weeks at No. 1 on the CCM charts in 1991), \"\"Love Come Down\"\" (1990) and \"\"Friend in You\"\" (1988). Gibson's \"\"Jesus Loves Ya\"\" was ranked No. 90 on \"\"CCM Magazine\"\"s \"\"The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music\"\", while the title track charted at No. 52 on the Top 100 Christian AC in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12344730", "chunk_text": "\"Precious Friend\"\nPrecious Friend Precious Friend is a record by Arlo Guthrie and Pete Seeger with \"\"Shenandoah\"\" (produced by John Pilla) and a Warner Bros. recording. \"\"Precious Friend\"\" was recorded in 1981 at the Poplar Creek Music Theater, Pine Knob Music Theatre (DTE Energy Music Theatre), Greek Theatre and Concord Pavilion. It is a compilation of songs from when Guthrie and Seeger toured together. Some of its most famous songs are: \"\"Kisses Sweeter than Wine\"\", made famous by The Weavers, \"\"If I Had a Hammer\"\", and a multi- religious \"\"Old Time Religion\"\". Arlo also has a few \"\"songs\"\" that are more just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1776471", "chunk_text": "\"Jonas Wendell\"\nin Due Season,\"\" ... \"\"... on Wednesday evening, 13 August, by request, in absence of the pastor, he led the prayer and conference meeting, and much edified all present by his unusual fervency in prayer, exhortation, and singing. \"\"What a friend we have in Jesus\"\" was the last hymn he ever sung with us. On Thursday the 14th, he went to the Sabbath School picnic in most excellent spirits, and seemed to be very happy in the Lord. When time for adjournment arrived, he got out his horse to return home, but seeing a lad in trouble from a fickly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4514237", "chunk_text": "\"Music of Planetarian\"\narranged, and produced by Magome Togoshi, and Shinji Orito; themes originally composed by Charles Crozat Converse and Kenji Miyazawa were remixed on the soundtrack. Aside from the songs in the game like \"\"Gentle Jena\"\" and \"\"Hoshi no Sekai (Opening)\"\", the soundtrack includes new songs such as an arranged vocal version of \"\"Hoshi Meguri no Uta\"\", sung by Mell. The musical tracks played at the beginning and the end of the game (tracks one and eight in the original soundtrack) are rearrangements of the hymn \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\" by Charles Crozat Converse, and their titles reflect this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11091653", "chunk_text": "\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\nYou're a Friend of Mine \"\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album \"\"Hero\"\" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band, including songwriter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10805416", "chunk_text": "\"Buddy Greene\"\nBuddy Greene Buddy Greene (born October 30, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter, guitar player and harmonica player. Most of his recordings consist of gospel music with a distinctly Southern gospel flavor. Much of his music is influenced by country music and bluegrass music. Greene grew up in Macon, Georgia. He has written the music for many songs and also co-wrote the Christmas song \"\"Mary, Did You Know?\"\" with Mark Lowry; Greene also wrote \"\"Recovering Pharisee\"\" recorded by Del McCoury, and \"\"He Is\"\" recorded by Ashley Cleveland. He is considered a harmonica legend by many, and once played a classical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "481805", "chunk_text": "\"The Jesus Record\"\nThe Jesus Record The Jesus Record is the ninth and final album by American singer and songwriter Rich Mullins, released posthumously on July 21, 1998, ten months after his death. The first disc of the album, entitled \"\"The Jesus Demos\"\", consists of nine rough demos Mullins recorded for the album in an abandoned church on September 10, 1997, nine days before his death. The songs were meant for a concept album based on the life of Jesus Christ, to be called \"\"Ten Songs About Jesus\"\". The second disc was recorded after Mullins' death by a Ragamuffin Band (Rick Elias, Mark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7157805", "chunk_text": "\"Buddy Jewell\"\nmoney that he earned bagging groceries to buy guitar lesson books. Jewell also listened to the music that his father, also named Buddy, played for him, and was taught by his uncle Clyde how to play \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". By age fifteen, Jewell had also taught himself how to play Johnny Cash's \"\"I Still Miss Someone.\"\" After graduating from Osceola High School, he attended Arkansas State University where he was a member of Pi Kappa Alpha. Jewell majored in television and radio in college, although he left in his junior year to marry, despite the marriage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10637125", "chunk_text": "\"You Are My Friend\"\nalbum \"\"The Gospel According to Patti LaBelle\"\", in 2006, as a tribute to her deceased collaborator, James Ellison. You Are My Friend \"\"You Are My Friend\"\" is a ballad co-written and recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle, released as the second single off her self-titled debut album, in 1978 on the Epic label. While it only reached as high as number sixty-one on the Billboard Hot-Selling Soul Singles chart upon its initial release, it has gone on to become one of the singer's signature anthems. Patti LaBelle ended an eighteen-year association with Nona Hendryx and Sarah Dash as their group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7227679", "chunk_text": "\"Parody music\"\nand revival hymn, and was later fitted with the words \"\"Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord\"\", by Julia Ward Howe. This practice continued into the First World War, with many of the soldiers' songs being based on hymn tunes (for instance \"\"When this lousy war is over\"\", to the tune of \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\" and \"\"We are Fred Karno's Army\"\", to the tune of \"\"The Church's One Foundation\"\"). Folk song has often been written to existing tunes, or slight modifications of them. This is another very old (and usually non-humorous)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12409380", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nYear). Dozens of other artists have recorded the song over the years, including Dusty Springfield, Michael Jackson, Anne Murray and Donny Hathaway. \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" was written by Carole King during the January 1971 recording sessions for her own album \"\"Tapestry\"\", and James Taylor's album \"\"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\"\". King has stated that \"\"the song was as close to pure inspiration as I've ever experienced. The song wrote itself. It was written by something outside myself, through me.\"\" According to Taylor, King told him that the song was a response to a line in Taylor's earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14204772", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Lowry\"\nMark Lowry Mark Alan Lowry (born June 24, 1958) is an American Christian singer, comedian, and songwriter. He is known for co-writing the song \"\"Mary, Did You Know?\"\" and being a member of the Gaither Vocal Band from 1988 to 2001, and 2009 to 2013, along with Michael English, David Phelps and Bill Gaither. Lowry has recorded twelve albums, both music and comedy. Lowry was born in Houston, Texas, to Charles, an attorney, and Beverly Lowry. He often uses anecdotes of his young life in his comedy, as well as speaking of his experience with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13880167", "chunk_text": "\"Playmate to Jesus\"\nwritten by Aqua members Søren Rasted, Claus Norreen, René Dif and Lene Nystrøm, and produced by Norreen and Rasted. The song was recorded at Electron Studio in Copenhagen, and later mixed and mastered by Anders Schumann at C4 Studio. It is a midtempo pop song played in an E major key and following the chord progression E−B−C♯m−A. The song is about universal love and \"\"what goes around comes around\"\". The sounds in the first seconds of the song are recorded on the spacecraft Discovery. A piano and violins start the song, before the beat kicks in. A Vocoder synth come's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3778696", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus He Knows Me\"\nJesus He Knows Me \"\"Jesus He Knows Me\"\" is the second track on the 1991 Genesis album \"\"We Can't Dance\"\" and its fourth single. The song is a satire of televangelism, released in a period when several televangelists such as Jimmy Swaggart, Robert Tilton and Jim Bakker were under investigation for promising financial success to their listeners, provided they sent money to them. The song reached No. 20 in the UK and No. 23 in the United States. Before the lyrics were added, the song's title was \"\"Do The New Thing\"\", possibly referencing Tony Banks's opening keyboard notes, which are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11610604", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Lowry\"\nwith Bill Gaither and Phil Brower. Starting in March 2011, he has been a frequent co-host of the TV show \"\"Red Letter Christians\"\" with Tony Campolo. Lowry is single and has no children. He has a brother, sister, three nieces and three nephews. Mark Lowry Mark Alan Lowry (born June 24, 1958) is an American Christian singer, comedian, and songwriter. He is known for co-writing the song \"\"Mary, Did You Know?\"\" and being a member of the Gaither Vocal Band from 1988 to 2001, and 2009 to 2013, along with Michael English, David Phelps and Bill Gaither. Lowry has recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10998479", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus He Knows Me\"\nthe 1996 Belgian film \"\"Le huitième jour\"\" by Jaco Van Dormael. The song was originally intended to be used in the 1995 \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"Bart Sells His Soul\"\", but as the producers could not obtain the rights to use it, \"\"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida\"\" by Iron Butterfly was used instead. Jesus He Knows Me \"\"Jesus He Knows Me\"\" is the second track on the 1991 Genesis album \"\"We Can't Dance\"\" and its fourth single. The song is a satire of televangelism, released in a period when several televangelists such as Jimmy Swaggart, Robert Tilton and Jim Bakker were under investigation for promising", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14442824", "chunk_text": "\"He Was a Friend of Mine\"\nHe Was a Friend of Mine \"\"He Was a Friend of Mine\"\" is a traditional folk song in which the singer laments the death of a friend. Alan Lomax, first to collect the song, in 1939, described it as a \"\"blues\"\" that was \"\"a dirge for a dead comrade.\"\" The earliest known version of the song is titled \"\"Shorty George\"\" (Roud 10055). A performance by African-American inmate Smith Casey, who accompanied himself on guitar, was first recorded by musicologist couple John A. and Ruby Terrill Lomax in 1939 at the Clemens State Farm in Brazoria County, Texas. The professional singer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "79024", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album)\"\nListening. Bread went to number four on the Hot 100 with \"\"If\"\", which also spent three weeks at number one on the Easy Listening chart. The 1970 song \"\"For All We Know\"\" originated in the film \"\"Lovers and Other Strangers\"\" and won the Oscar for Best Original Song two months after its chart debut by The Carpenters, who made it to number three pop with the song and spent three weeks at number one Easy Listening. You've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album) You've Got a Friend is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18537248", "chunk_text": "\"Brett James\"\n\"\"What Child Is This?,\"\" and the other was a country-gospel album entitled \"\"Peace in the Valley\"\", to which he contributed a recording of \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus.\"\" This latter album was also promoted via a special on The Nashville Network (TNN), now Spike. In 1998, James and Tammy Graham were both dropped from Career Records when it merged with Arista Nashville. James returned to his singing career in the early 2000s. After declining to join the band Sixwire, he re-signed with Arista Nashville and began working with producer Dann Huff. Although he twice charted in the Top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10813635", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nthe song in early 1971 during the sessions for her third Atlantic Records album \"\"Faithful\"\". Her recording predates that of James Taylor, but it was shelved until 1999 when it was included as a bonus track on the 1999 Deluxe Edition of her first Atlantic album, the critically acclaimed \"\"Dusty in Memphis\"\" (which contained four Carole King compositions). \"\"Faithful\"\" went unreleased due to disputes between Springfield and Atlantic but the sessions were eventually issued as a standalone album in 2015. The song was recorded by Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway for their 1972 album \"\"Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11091656", "chunk_text": "\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\nin 1987. You're a Friend of Mine \"\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album \"\"Hero\"\" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8336249", "chunk_text": "\"Beloved Hymns\"\nBeloved Hymns Beloved Hymns is a studio album by Bing Crosby released in 1951 featuring eight hymns recorded with the Ken Darby Choir and organ accompaniment on May 6, 1949. Crosby researcher Fred Reynolds said of the recording session at which all eight hymns were recorded, “They were all sung devoutly without any pretence of 'performance,' but nevertheless gave added support to Martin Luther’s dictum that the devil should not have all the best tunes.” \"\"Billboard\"\" reviewed some of the individual songs released as 78 rpm records. \"\"What a Friend We Have In Jesus\"\" - Choir and organ support Bing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2302734", "chunk_text": "\"This Is Our God\"\nMajority of the songs were written by Reuben Morgan, Darlene Zschech, Joel Houston, Michael Guglielmucci, Matt Crocker, Brooke Fraser, and Ben Fielding. On 21 August 2008, Michael Guglielmucci of Planetshakers, the composer of the track \"\"Healer\"\", a song about his cancer struggle, admitted he had lied about ever having cancer. Representatives of churches with which Guglielmucci had affiliations told the press they were totally unaware of this situation. In an email sent to Hillsong members, the church's general manager, George Aghajanian, said the news was even a shock to Guglielmucci's own family and that the suspended pastor was seeking professional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17363522", "chunk_text": "\"How Great Thou Art\"\nof a medley \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus/Old Rugged Cross/How Great Thou Art\"\" for her 2002 studio album \"\"Legacy... Hymns and Faith\"\", and later included it on her 2015 compilation album \"\"Be Still and Know... Hymns & Faith\"\". On 4 April 2011, Carrie Underwood performed this song on ACM Presents: Girls Night Out show. Carrie sang together with Vince Gill and received a standing ovation. It was televised on CBS on 22 April 2011, and shortly after the show had ended, Carrie's version of How Great Thou Art single reached No. 1 spot in iTunes Top Gospel Song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16691356", "chunk_text": "Blaenwern\nin honour of them. In the United Kingdom BLAENWERN has come to be used as the prevalent setting for the hymn \"\"Love Divine, All Loves Excelling\"\", but also in other settings including the Welsh \"\"Deued Dyddiau O Bob Cymysg\"\" by William Williams Pantycelyn, and \"\"Calon Lân\"\" by Daniel James. It also became familiar to a wider audience through the Billy Graham crusades when it was used as a setting to \"\"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\"\". As a setting for \"\"Love Divine\"\" it is a popular choice at English weddings and was voted as one of Britain's ten favourite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_121	who dies in season 6 of once upon a time?	n/a	[ "Hyde", "Jekyll" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788623", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nShortly after, Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis announced that original cast members Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, and Jared Gilmore, as well as Emilie de Ravin who joined the main cast in season two, would also exit the show at the end of the season. The residents of Storybrooke are faced with threats from the Evil Queen and Mr. Hyde, both with different agendas following the arrival of refugees from the Land of Untold Stories. This leads to events to test Emma's savior abilities that results in the arrival of the Black Fairy to begin the Final Battle that was prophesied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788622", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nGideon, the Black Fairy, Mary Lydgate, and Robert. The show also reintroduced Jafar and Dr. Arthur Lydgate, who previously appeared in \"\"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\"\". This season also marks the final appearance of Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) as a series regular. Morrison announced she would be departing the series after the sixth-season finale, but if the series receives a seventh season renewal she has agreed to appear in at least one episode. After serving as a series regular for two seasons, Rebecca Mader also announced that season six would be her last on the show as a regular.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551810", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nhome\"\" but \"\"those struggles have only made her stronger — something which will come in handy when darkness threatens everything she holds dear.\"\" On March 8, it was announced that Andrew J. West had been cast in the unidentified male role, later revealed in \"\"The Final Battle\"\" as an adult Henry Mills. On March 9, it was announced that Alison Fernandez had been cast in the unidentified female role, also revealed to be Henry's daughter, Lucy. On May 8, 2017, Jennifer Morrison announced that she had declined an offer to remain on the show through season 7 and would not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551806", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\n\"\"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\"\", in the fourth episode of the season. On August 26, it was announced that Faran Tahir was cast as Captain Nemo, and would have ties to Captain Hook. On September 22, it was announced that Tzi Ma would be reprising his role as the Dragon sometime in the season. Gabrielle Rose would also be returning as David's mother, Ruth, who appeared via flashback in episode 7. On September 27, it was announced that Sean Maguire would be returning as Robin Hood. The former main character, who died on-screen near the end of season 5,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551799", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nnot have to fear [anything feeling] incomplete.\"\" On May 8, Morrison confirmed that she had declined an offer to remain on the show and that the sixth season would be her last, signaling the end of Emma's time on the show as the main protagonist. On May 11, Rebecca Mader announced that she would also be leaving the show at the end of the season, citing creative decisions beyond her control. On May 12, season six was announced to be the last for four additional main actors: Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, Jared Gilmore, and Emilie de Ravin. Thus, characters seeing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551807", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nwill not be brought back from the dead but would appear in a multi-episode arc in a different capacity. For the second half of the season, Wil Traval would be returning for multiple episodes, starting in episode 11, as the Sheriff of Nottingham. On October 31, it was announced that Mckenna Grace would be returning as a younger version of Emma. On December 11, Robert Carlyle revealed that Brandon Spink would be portraying a young Baelfire in episode 13. On January 6, 2017, it was announced that JoAnna Garcia would be returning as Ariel. The story line involves a team-up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551811", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nbe returning to \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" as a series regular in the event the series was renewed by ABC. However, Morrison noted that she had signed a contract to appear in one episode in season 7. On May 12, 2017, showrunners Horowitz and Kitsis confirmed that five more cast members, in addition to Morrison, would not be returning to the show for a seventh season: Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, Jared Gilmore, Emilie de Ravin, and Rebecca Mader. In their personal goodbyes to fans, both de Ravin and Mader cited the show's decision to move forward in a new creative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788621", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nOnce Upon a Time (season 6) The sixth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" was ordered on March 3, 2016. It debuted on September 25, 2016, and concluded on May 14, 2017. In January 2017, it was stated that the sixth season would end the main storyline, and for a seventh season, the series would be softly rebooted with a new storyline. Existing fictional characters introduced to the series during the season include Aladdin, Princess Jasmine, the Count of Monte Cristo, Captain Nemo, Lady Tremaine, Beowulf, Tiger Lily and the Tin Man. Original new characters include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551800", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\ntheir storylines wrapped up in the season six finale include Emma Swan, Snow White, Prince Charming, Belle, and Zelena. The season finale revealed that Henry Mills will remain a series protagonist, with the setting shifting to a later time period in which he is portrayed as an adult by Andrew J. West. In January 2017, \"\"TV Line\"\" reported that the series would feature a musical episode later in the season. Creators Kitsis and Horowitz had spoken about the desire to do a musical installment previously, but didn't \"\"even know where to begin.\"\" Kitsis and Horowitz confirmed the report in February.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551808", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nbetween Ariel, Jasmine, and Hook. On January 7, Horowitz confirmed that Gil McKinney would also be returning as Prince Eric. Two days later, it was announced that Rose McIver would also be coming back as Tinker Bell. On January 20, it was revealed that Sara Tomko was cast as Tiger Lily. The recurring character appears in at least two episodes starting in episode 17. On January 23, Horowitz announced that Patrick Fischler would return as former author Isaac Heller at some point in the second half of the season. On March 14, it was announced that episode 18 would introduce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788627", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nof that month. In March 2017, several sources had reported that four of the current main cast members in particular - Morrison, Carlyle, Lana Parrilla, and Colin O'Donoghue - were in negotiations to renew their contracts for a potential seventh season. In April 2017, Horowitz and Kitsis confirmed that a group of characters will indeed have their stories wrapped up by the end of the season in acknowledging the potential cast changes, saying: \"\"We planned this finale from the beginning of the year, so whoever stays and whoever goes... all those questions have already been dealt with. The audience does", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551797", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nepisode of the season, \"\"I'll Be Your Mirror\"\". In January 2017, ABC president Channing Dungey had been the first to suggest that the current narrative of the show would end with season six, regardless of whether or not there is a season seven. Shortly after this news, Jennifer Morrison revealed that the contracts for the original main cast members were expiring in April, expressing uncertainty about the future of the show and her participation in it beyond the current season. Robert Carlyle also expressed that he'd have to make a decision about his future on the show by the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883391", "chunk_text": "\"The Black Fairy\"\nFiona tells Gold that on Emma's wedding day, she will die. The Black Fairy \"\"The Black Fairy\"\" is the nineteenth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", which aired on April 30, 2017. In this episode, The Black Fairy's origins and the secret that she kept from Rumplestiltskin are revealed in the present day as Gold takes Emma and Gideon inside the dream world to seek out the truth, while Regina helps Zelena adjust to a normal life without her magic. The three fairies, Fiona, Tiger Lily, and The Blue Fairy, are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788624", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\ncenturies ago. As dark and light collides, a new, and darker curse is unleashed, leading to the fall of all the realms with magic. The Final Battle is fought and won, leading to the heroes earning their happy beginnings, but a new adventure begins in the far future for an adult Henry involving his daughter Lucy, and another curse looming across the New Enchanted Forest inhabitants. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Executive producers Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis announced that they were ending the half-season arc structure that was seen in seasons three through five, with Horowitz saying, \"\"We’re also planning a 22-episode story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11396421", "chunk_text": "\"Six of Crows\"\nwho is gravely wounded in the midst of the skirmish. Kaz rescues her, and upon torturing the man who stabbed her, they learn that Pekka Rollins, leader of the Dime Lions, is after the scientist as well. Kaz holds a deep grudge against Pekka for running a con on Kaz and his older brother, Jordie, when they were young, eventually leading to Jordie's death and setting Kaz on a dark path. Under Nina's care, Inej recovers during the voyage. Upon reaching Fjerda, two Grisha on \"\"jurda parem\"\" attack the crew. While they emerge victorious, Nina is shocked to discover that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551805", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nseason 4 episode \"\"Rocky Road.\"\" On July 20, it was announced that Jessy Schram would be reprising her role as Cinderella in the third episode of the season. The episode explored a connection that her character has to someone from the Land of Untold Stories, as well as the start of her friendship with Snow White. That same episode also introduced Cinderella's stepmother and stepsisters. David Anders returned this season as Victor Frankenstein. The character has a connection with Jekyll and Hyde. On August 15, it was announced that Jonny Coyne would be reprising his role as Dr. Lydgate from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14531015", "chunk_text": "\"Nash Brennan and Jessica Buchanan\"\nbefore collecting a mysterious package from the Lord family mausoleum where Viki's father is buried. Allison later confronts Jessica with a gun but Jared steps in to save her; Allison lets herself fall from the Palace Hotel balcony, preferring to die with her secret rather than return to St. Ann's. She survives, but is left comatose and in critical condition. Wanting to get out of business with Jared, Nash hastily agrees to take a deal with shady investors. They are a seemingly too good to be true deal as they give him money to fund projects as needed. However, Nash", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6868199", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (TV series)\"\nrestore order to the chaos that has culminated, the characters' dangerous manipulations of magic lead to an exacerbation of the war between light and darkness, with the separation of Regina and her Evil Queen persona, as well as the arrival of Dr. Jekyll (Hank Harris) and Mr. Hyde (Sam Witwer). The sixth season was announced on March 3, 2016, and premiered on September 25, 2016. The characters must defend Storybrooke from the combined threat of Mr. Hyde and an unleashed Evil Queen and the mysterious fate of saviors leads to Emma learning about Aladdin (Deniz Akdeniz). The ongoing war between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17712968", "chunk_text": "\"ER (season 6)\"\nChen. Physician Assistant Jeanie Boulet leaves to care for her HIV-positive child. Lucy Knight and John Carter are attacked and stabbed by a psychotic patient. They are unable to save Lucy who succumbs to her wounds and dies. In addition Croatian doctor Luka Kovač joins the team and struggles to gain the respect and trust from his new colleagues in the ER. Hathaway struggles to begin parenting on her own, then decides to leave Chicago to begin a new life with Doug Ross. Greene and Corday begin their relationship and he deals with the death of his father. Abby Lockhart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551802", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\ndoing the musical because we never wanted to do something where it was just like a to-the-side, one-off thing, and then get back to the main story. We want to see it part of the main story, which meant we had to really plan out this season with some great detail.\"\" Emilie de Ravin told fans that she will be returning for the sixth season. It was also announced later that Sam Witwer and Hank Harris have signed a contract to play two new recurring characters on the sixth season of the show. On March 29, 2016, Lana Parrilla confirmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551809", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nthe Tin Man, played by Alex Désert, and the Cowardly Lion from the \"\"Wizard of Oz\"\" tale. On February 16, TVLine released casting call descriptions for two characters who appear in the season 6 finale, with potential to continue into season 7 if the show is to be renewed. One is a man in his late 20s-early 30s who \"\"was once optimistic and hopeful but now is a friendless, cynical recluse\"\" but \"\"still possesses a dormant, deep-seated spark of hope that waits for the right person to reignite it.\"\" The other is a 10-year-old girl who \"\"comes from a broken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551804", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nof Aladdin (Deniz Akdeniz), and his story featuring the return of Jafar, now portrayed by Oded Fehr (the role had been previously played by Naveen Andrews on \"\"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\"\"). Andrews was unavailable due to his previous commitment to Netflixs \"\"Sense8\"\". It was also announced that \"\"Galavant\"\"s Karen David was cast as Princess Jasmine. She made her debut in the fourth episode of the season. In early July, it was announced that Raphael Sbarge would be reprising his role as Jiminy Cricket / Dr. Archie Hopper in the season premiere. The character's last appearance was in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551803", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\nshe would be returning for the sixth season. Robert Carlyle was confirmed to be returning for the sixth season as Rumplestiltskin along with Rebecca Mader as Zelena and Jared Gilmore as Henry Mills. It was announced that Giles Matthey was cast as Morpheus, who is slated to appear in the first episode of the season. On July 20, it was announced that Craig Horner would be portraying the Count of Monte Cristo, who was introduced in the second episode of the season. At the 2016 San Diego Comic Con International it was revealed that the season would see the introduction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454744", "chunk_text": "\"The Final Battle (Once Upon a Time)\"\nThe Final Battle (Once Upon a Time) \"\"The Final Battle\"\" is the twenty-first and twenty-second episode, and the two hour sixth season finale of the American fantasy drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", which aired on May 14, 2017. In the episode, Henry and Emma work together to defeat the Black Fairy; in The Enchanted Forest, Snow, David, Hook, Regina, Zelena, the Queen, Aladdin, and Jasmine team up to save the worlds from being destroyed. The giant beanstalk springs from the ground in the forest. (Part 1) The Seattle Monorail is seen in the forest. (Part 2) The Storybrooke events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15338051", "chunk_text": "\"The Black Fairy\"\nThe Black Fairy \"\"The Black Fairy\"\" is the nineteenth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", which aired on April 30, 2017. In this episode, The Black Fairy's origins and the secret that she kept from Rumplestiltskin are revealed in the present day as Gold takes Emma and Gideon inside the dream world to seek out the truth, while Regina helps Zelena adjust to a normal life without her magic. The three fairies, Fiona, Tiger Lily, and The Blue Fairy, are flying in the forest. The Storybrooke events take place after \"\"Where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9191902", "chunk_text": "\"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)\"\nkills Chadwick and several of the Council, proclaiming herself in control of the remainder. Masters and Thompson capture Underwood, but the Zero Matter sample is left behind. Masters insists that Thompson \"\"destroy\"\" Carter; he tries to convince her to return to New York, but fails. Underwood ends up in Frost's control. In February 2016, Marvel announced that the sixth episode of the season would be titled \"\"Life of the Party\"\", to be written by Eric Pearson, with Craig Zisk directing. In February 2016, Marvel revealed that main cast members Hayley Atwell, James D'Arcy, Enver Gjokaj, Wynn Everett, Reggie Austin, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6426261", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (The Prisoner)\"\ncaged area, locking a panicked Number Two inside. The Butler takes the key from Number Two. Number Two paces the caged area while a voice screams \"\"Die, Six, die!\"\", until the timer runs out. Number Two falls over, apparently dead. The door to the Embryo room opens where the Supervisor (Peter Swanwick) waits. He tells Number Six they will need the body and then asks Number Six what he wants. Number Six only replies \"\"Number One\"\", and the Supervisor offers to take him there. He, Number Six, and the Butler depart the room. Once Upon a Time (The Prisoner) \"\"Once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8338101", "chunk_text": "\"Selfless, Brave and True\"\nto Emma from the Sheriff's office, Tamara cuts the phone line. Emma races back to the office; August realizes that Tamara killed the Dragon and that her real goal was to come to Storybrooke to take magic and plans to warn the residents. Tamara then pulls out her taser and uses it on August so he can't go through with it. As Emma, Mary Margaret, Henry, David, Neal, and Marco arrive to save the now almost lifeless body of August, August gives Emma his final words, then dies in Marco's arms. Henry believes that the warning August was attempting to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10688540", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (TV series)\"\nto wrap up Emma Swan's storyline. Later that week, actress Rebecca Mader announced that she would also be leaving the series after the sixth season wrapped. It was later announced that Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, Jared S. Gilmore and Emilie de Ravin would also be leaving the show after the sixth season's finale aired. Along with departures, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were announced to be joining the seventh season of the show as series regulars after guest starring in the previous season's finale. They will portray an older Henry Mills and his daughter Lucy respectively. In July 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551812", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 6)\"\ndirection as the reason for their departures. Gilmore expressed similar sentiments. Meanwhile, Goodwin and Dallas had informed the showrunners a year prior that they intended to leave the show at the end of the sixth season. Once Upon a Time (season 6) The sixth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" was ordered on March 3, 2016. It debuted on September 25, 2016, and concluded on May 14, 2017. In January 2017, it was stated that the sixth season would end the main storyline, and for a seventh season, the series would be softly rebooted with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19661291", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 5)\"\nthat Adam Croasdell was cast as Hook's father, who will appear in a flashback before the midseason finale, and was later revealed to be called Brennan. The fifth episode, \"\"Dreamcatcher\"\", saw the introduction of Ryan Robbins as Sir Morgan, Violet's father, and Guy Fauchon as Vortigan. The sixth episode of the season, \"\"The Bear and the Bow\"\", introduced Paul Telfer as Lord Macintosh, Marco D'Angelo as Lord MacGuffin and Josh Hallem as Lord Dingwall while the seventh episode, \"\"Nimue\"\", saw the introductions of Jason Simpson as Adda, Caroline Ford as Nimue, Darren Moore as Vortigan and Graham Verchere as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15445104", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 7)\"\n\"\"no longer in charge.\"\" Former main cast member Jennifer Morrison has confirmed that she has agreed to return for one episode, later revealed to be the second episode of the season. Morrison announced her last filming day on July 19, 2017. On July 22, it was confirmed that Emilie de Ravin would return for the fourth episode in the seventh season. In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "173412", "chunk_text": "\"Last Rites (Once Upon a Time)\"\nkill Regina, only to have Zelena realize that Hades never changed and kills Hades instantly by stabbing the crystal through his heart. Later, Emma, Henry, Mary Margaret, David, Regina, Zelena and others attend Robin Hood's funeral, as Zelena tells Regina that she has named her daughter Robin in honor of her father. Emma decides to stay for a couple more minutes, and notices a resurrected Hook, who was brought back by Zeus as a reward for helping to defeat Hades, and the two are happily reunited. During this time, Mr. Gold comes inside Regina's office, and it is revealed that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3918888", "chunk_text": "\"Edgar Stiles\"\nAt 6:59 p.m. in Day 5, during a Sentox nerve gas attack on CTU, Stiles was returning to the main room after trying to check on a colleague, Carrie Bendis, who had gone to check a ventilator system that set off a \"\"trouble flag.\"\" He did not make it back in time, and failed to enter the situation room before it was locked down. He died quickly thereafter from inhaling the nerve gas. He receives the silent clock in tribute, at 6:59:52. His last word was \"\"Chloe\"\". At the conclusion of Day 5, a picture of Edgar and Chloe was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15445103", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 7)\"\nit was announced that Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue, and Robert Carlyle would be the only series regulars from season 6 to continue onto season 7. It was teased that the three would be portraying their original characters but with cursed identities, similar to the circumstances in season 1. In July, the first promo of the season revealed that Killian is now a Seattle police officer with the last name Rogers, who is living with an unexplained sense of loss. In August, it was revealed that Regina is now a bar owner named Roni, who is more dressed down and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19577368", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Merlotte\"\nNewlin to warn of the authority on TV, she dies. In season 6, a short time after Luna's death, Sam is approached by Nicole Wright, a supernatural rights activist to tell his story. He rebuffs her, but he is approached by Alcide, now packmaster of Mississippi, to return Emma to Martha. Sam refuses, but Emma is taken by Alcide and Martha. Later, he encounters Nicole again as she and some allies approach the pack the way she did Sam before. Sam uses this distraction to take Emma back and rescues Nicole as she is attacked by the pack. They go", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18762746", "chunk_text": "\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 6)\"\nto ultimately die in that episode, noted \"\"there is some interest in having me involved in\"\" the sixth season. He added that he would be meeting with showrunners Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell to discuss having him appear, saying \"\"I don't know in what form that will take [maybe with] flashbacks\"\". Gregg was also unsure if he would be a series regular, should he return, as he had been for the previous five seasons. In December 2018, Coulson was confirmed to have died between the events of the fifth and sixth seasons. Bennet's Quake costume and hairstyle were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9418047", "chunk_text": "\"Shannon Rutherford\"\nin pursuit. As it starts to rain, Sayid and Shannon admit their feelings for each other before both seeing Walt. Shannon runs after him, only to be accidentally shot by Ana Lucia (Michelle Rodriguez), who mistakes her for an Other. She dies moments later in Sayid's arms. Shannon's death not only left Sayid heartbroken, but also caused a rift between the survivors and the Tailies. Throughout the rest of the season, Ana Lucia is shown to be guilt-ridden over killing Shannon. During season six the afterlife experienced by the survivors is shown as an alternate timeline where the plane never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2152465", "chunk_text": "\"The Guardian (Once Upon a Time)\"\nthat Samdi was responsible for Nick's death but was afraid to go to authorities in fear of how powerful Samdi is, and points to how “Nick” actually died. When they see the autopsy results that discover Nick had died from a stab but from within instead of through the body, Rogers began to suspect something isn't right in this town, as Drew alluded earlier. Henry later shared the results of the blood test with Jacinda after having it confirmed at the hospital. The discovery has Henry and Jacinda realizing that Lucy was telling the truth, about everything, all along. Both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14242641", "chunk_text": "\"The 6th Day\"\nand Adam comes face to face with his clone. The two reluctantly team up and devise a plan to destroy Drucker's facility. While Adam wrecks the security system and gets himself captured, the clone sneaks in, plants a bomb and rescues his family. Drucker, however, tells Adam that he himself is the clone; the other Adam is the original one. Enraged, Adam fights off Drucker's agents and Drucker is mortally wounded while Talia, Wiley, Vincent and Marshall are killed for the final time. Drucker manages to clone himself before he dies but the malfunctioning equipment causes the new Drucker to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "551571", "chunk_text": "\"Going Home (Once Upon a Time)\"\nfigure out a way to bring him back as he's been my favorite character on the show since the very beginning. But, whether Gold comes back or not, it is clear that when Once Upon a Time comes back in three months, the focus will be on getting Emma and Henry's memory back.\"\" Rebecca Martin from \"\"Wetpaint\"\" also commented on it, saying \"\"Things we expected to happen in the Once Upon a Time Season 3 midseason finale: Peter Pan dying. Things we did not expect to happen in the Once Upon a Time Season 3 winter finale: Rumplestiltskin dying. Things", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19661294", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 5)\"\nand Megara, respectively. On December 3, 2015, the cast of the mid-season finale, \"\"Swan Song\"\", was revealed with Eric Keenleyside returning as Maurice, Belle's father and Oliver Bell being introduced as a Young Killian. On December 4, it was announced that Rachel Shelley would be reprising her role as Milah, Rumplestiltskin's ex-wife and Hook's ex-lover, for at least one episode in the second half of the season. On December 8, it was announced that the character of Dorothy Gale (previously portrayed by Matreya Scarrwener) will be returning midway through the second half of the season to be portrayed by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8828303", "chunk_text": "\"The 6th Day\"\nnow a new Drucker clone. Tripp then commits suicide to avoid being captured by Marshall and the others. The agents arrive again and Adam is able to disable Marshall and kill Talia again, and steals her thumb. Adam sneaks into Replacement Technologies with Talia's thumb and finds Dr. Griffin Weir, the scientist behind Drucker's illegal human-cloning technology. Weir confirms Tripp's story, adding that to resurrect Drucker, the incident had to be covered up and Adam was cloned because they mistakenly believed he had been killed. Weir explains that Drucker – who already died years before – could lose all of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19577260", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Northman\"\nto save her. Devastated by her death, Eric violently slaughters the humans running the concentration camp to seek revenge and free both his progenies, among others. Notably, Eric spares Jason Stackhouse, though he kills the vampire Steve Newlin, stating \"\"Every time I lost someone I loved, \"\"you\"\" were there.\"\" (Blaming him for the deaths of Godric & Nora), After freeing the imprisoned vampires, Eric flies off to grieve his sister Nora's death in solitude. In the finale, Warlow, the fairy-vampire hybrid whose blood made it possible for Eric and the other vampires to walk in the sun, is killed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18825866", "chunk_text": "\"Murder Most Foul (Once Upon a Time)\"\nMurder Most Foul (Once Upon a Time) \"\"Murder Most Foul\"\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", which aired on March 12, 2017. In this episode, The origins of the mystery surrounding the death of David's father is detailed in the flashback and the present day, while Hook grapples with proposing to Emma, and Regina starts to question her decision to bring the Wish Realm Robin back. A ferris wheel from Pleasure Island is featured in the forest. The Enchanted Forest events take place years before \"\"White Out\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "716090", "chunk_text": "\"Page 23\"\nPage 23 \"\"Page 23\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", which aired on March 26, 2017. In this episode, the Evil Queen and Regina prepare to face each other once and for all, while Emma learns the truth about what Hook did, which comes into play for Gideon as he takes advantage of this dilemma. In the past, the real reason behind the Evil Queen's search for Snow White's heart is revealed. The Dark Palace from the first curse Enchanted Forest is featured. In the pre-First Curse Enchanted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15609754", "chunk_text": "\"Brenda Chenowith\"\nnamed Daniel Nathanson and has another child, Forrest Nathanson. She seemingly remains close friends with Claire Fisher throughout her life. She dies at the age of 82 in 2051 of natural causes, suffering from early signs of Parkinson's disease. The audio commentary jokingly suggests that Billy bores Brenda to death as he is heard still talking about his failed relationship with Claire. She remained an open, outspoken atheist throughout the entirety of the series. Brenda Chenowith Brenda Chenowith is a fictional character on the HBO television series \"\"Six Feet Under\"\" played by Rachel Griffiths. She was first introduced in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20654534", "chunk_text": "\"Doble Kara (season 6)\"\nsend police men to arrest Alex. While waiting, Sara and Banjo have a heart-to-heart talk and finally confess their feelings for each other while Banjo calls Cynthia and says his final goodbyes also. Sara escapes and goes seek help but, as the tragedy struck, Banjo falls into the gorge which causes him to die. Rebecca and Sara mourn for Banjo's death and, unfortunately, rivalry arises for Cynthia and Sara, as Cynthia blames Sara for Banjo's death and creates a scene at his wake and forcefully drags her out while she insults her. During Banjo's burial Rebecca and Kara pay their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "173409", "chunk_text": "\"Last Rites (Once Upon a Time)\"\nvengeance against Hades is making her too emotional. Zelena and Hades are talking about the others not believing that he changed. Hades gets a weapon, known as the Olympian Crystal (Zeus's thunderbolt), which can kill anybody, even a god. He also suggests that they leave Storybrooke but Zelena is not so sure if she wants to. As Emma, Merida and David find Arthur's body at the Storybrooke Bridge, David tries to calm down a furious Emma, who's trying to protect Storybrooke from Hades' wrath. Meanwhile, Gold goes to Belle's father Moe to see if he can give Belle true love's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19661277", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 5)\"\nsaw the series reach its 100th episode, which aired on March 6, 2016 as the mid-season premiere. New characters introduced to the series include the main antagonists for the two volumes, King Arthur, Nimue, and Hades. In addition, Guinevere, Merlin, Merida, Percival, Hercules, Megara, Zeus, Poole, Jekyll, and Hyde are also introduced to the series. The season also saw the return of numerous deceased characters from the first four seasons, including the Blind Witch, Queen of Hearts, Peter Pan, Cruella De Vil, Baelfire / Neal Cassidy, Milah, Prince Henry, Liam Jones, Prince James, Gaston, Claude, and Stealthy. With Emma as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_122	what is bermuda competing in the winter olympics?	n/a	[ "Cross-country skiing" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12224806", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9–25 February 2018. This was the territory's eighth appearance in the Winter Olympics. For the third consecutive Olympics, Bermuda was represented by one athlete, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy, who finished his only event in 104th place. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games, and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one, the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12224808", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\n36 years old at the time, was making his third straight appearance at the Winter Olympics. He finished the men's 15 km freestyle in a time of 43 minutes and 5 seconds, which was good for 104th place; he was more than nine minutes behind the gold medallist, Dario Cologna of Switzerland. Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9–25 February 2018. This was the territory's eighth appearance in the Winter Olympics. For the third consecutive Olympics, Bermuda was represented by one athlete, cross-country skier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12224807", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nMoscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. For the third straight Winter Olympics, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy was Bermuda's only representative. The delegation also consisted of Murphy's coach, Pepa Miloucheva, his waxer Jeff Shaw, the chef de mission Lawrence Murphy, and Sean Field-Lament, who represented the Bermuda Olympic Association's executive board. Tucker Murphy was chosen as the flag bearer for both the parade of nations during the opening ceremony and for the closing ceremony. Bermuda qualified one male athlete, Tucker Murphy. Murphy, who was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234925", "chunk_text": "Bermuda\nracing also originated in Bermuda. In December 2013, Bermuda's bid to host the 2017 America's Cup was announced. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17326728", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7–23 February 2014. This was Bermuda's seventh appearance at a Winter Olympic Games, and cross-country skier Tucker Murphy's second consecutive Games as the only athlete. In the 15 kilometre race, he finished in 84th place. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, and debuted in the Winter Olympic Games at the 1992 Albertville Games. They have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one; they were one of 54 nations who boycotted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4502456", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7–23 February 2014. This was Bermuda's seventh appearance at a Winter Olympic Games, and cross-country skier Tucker Murphy's second consecutive Games as the only athlete. In the 15 kilometre race, he finished in 84th place. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, and debuted in the Winter Olympic Games at the 1992 Albertville Games. They have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one; they were one of 54 nations who boycotted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17326726", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\nthe 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The Bermudian delegation consisted of one cross-country skier, Tucker Murphy. This was Murphy's second consecutive Olympics as Bermuda's only representative. Despite the terrorist threats on the Sochi Olympics, there were no plans to withdraw unless Murphy felt unsafe, and the delegation ultimately competed as scheduled. The delegation marched in the opening ceremony with their traditional Bermuda shorts. Murphy was selected as the flag bearer for the opening ceremony, while a ceremony volunteer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2401987", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\nSummer Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The Bermudian delegation to Salt Lake City consisted of a single athlete, luger Patrick Singleton. He was the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. Patrick Singleton was 27 years old at the time of the Salt Lake City Olympics. He had previously raced for Bermuda in the 1998 Winter Olympics, and would go on race skeleton representing Bermuda at the 2006 Winter Olympics. On 10–11 February, the men's singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10400606", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2006 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2006 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006. The Bermudian delegation consisted of a single athlete, skeleton racer Patrick Singleton. This was Bermuda's fifth Winter Olympic Games and Singleton's third consecutive Olympics as the only Bermudian athlete. In his event he came in 19th place. Bermuda first participated in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games; and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one, the boycotted 1980", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10400608", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2006 Winter Olympics\"\ncompleted the first run in one minute and six one-hundredths of a second, after which he was in 22nd place. In his second run, he posted a time of 59.75 seconds, which saw him finish the event in 19th place. Bermuda at the 2006 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006. The Bermudian delegation consisted of a single athlete, skeleton racer Patrick Singleton. This was Bermuda's fifth Winter Olympic Games and Singleton's third consecutive Olympics as the only Bermudian athlete. In his event he came in 19th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7791519", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the Olympics\"\nBermuda at the Olympics Bermuda first participated at the Olympic Games in 1936, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. Bermuda has also participated in every Winter Olympic Games since 1992. To date, Clarence Hill is the only Bermudian ever to win an Olympic medal, a bronze in boxing. This makes Bermuda the least populated nation (53,500 in 1976) in Olympic history to ever win a medal at the Summer Olympics. The National Olympic Committee for Bermuda was created in 1935 and recognised by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17326727", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\ncarried the flag for the closing ceremony. The final quota allocations were released on January 20, 2014, and Bermuda had one athlete eligible for qualification. Tucker Murphy qualified for the Olympics by meeting the \"\"B\"\" standard time at an event in Chamonix, France in January 2014. He was 32 years old at the time of the Sochi Olympics. Murphy finished his only race, the 15 kilometre freestyle, in 84th position with a time of 49 minutes and 19 seconds, improving on his 88th-place finish four years prior. Four years later, Murphy would again represent Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10400607", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2006 Winter Olympics\"\nSummer Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The only competitor Bermuda sent to Turin was Patrick Singleton, a skeleton racer. He was the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. Patrick Singleton, who was 31 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics, was the lone athlete representing Bermuda for a third consecutive games. He had previously raced luge for Bermuda at the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics. The skeleton race consisted of two runs, Singleton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7371647", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2002 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States from 8–24 February 2002. This was Bermuda's fourth appearance at a Winter Olympic Games. The delegation consisted of a single competitor, luge racer Patrick Singleton. This was his second Olympics, and he finished his event in 37th place. Bermuda first participated in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games, and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one, the boycotted 1980", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14139810", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics\"\nOlympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Cross-country skier Tucker Murphy was the only athlete representing Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics, and the first time Bermuda had a representative in the skiing disciplines. Murphy was only the third Winter Olympian ever sent from Bermuda. Murphy was chosen as the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. Tucker Murphy was born on 21 October 1981, making him 28 years old at the time of the Vancouver Olympics. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7371651", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1998 Winter Olympics\"\none, the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal The 1998 Winter Olympics were held from 7–22 February 1998; a total of 2,176 athletes represented 72 National Olympic Committees. This was the third time Bermuda had participated in a Winter Olympics. The Bermudian delegation to Nagano consisted of a single luge athlete, Patrick Singleton. Singleton was 23 years old at the time of the Nagano Olympics, and was making his Olympic debut. The men's singles competition in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7176192", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of eight athletes, four per gender, to compete in five different sports at the Games, matching its roster size with London 2012. Two of them returned for their third Olympic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8167510", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1994 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 1994 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway from 12–27 February 1994. This was the territory's second appearance in a Winter Olympic Games following their debut in the 1992 Albertville Olympics. The only Bermudian athlete was luge racer Simon Payne. In the men's singles, he came in 30th place. Bermuda first participated in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games. The territory made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games, and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar one, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7791520", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the Olympics\"\nthe International Olympic Committee in 1936. Bermuda at the Olympics Bermuda first participated at the Olympic Games in 1936, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. Bermuda has also participated in every Winter Olympic Games since 1992. To date, Clarence Hill is the only Bermudian ever to win an Olympic medal, a bronze in boxing. This makes Bermuda the least populated nation (53,500 in 1976) in Olympic history to ever win a medal at the Summer Olympics. The National Olympic Committee for Bermuda was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11525822", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. from 12–28 February 2010. The territory sent one athlete, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy. This was the country's first appearance in a skiing discipline. Murphy finished 88th in the 15 kilometre freestyle event, the only one he was entered into. Bermuda first appeared in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games; and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts, excluding the boycotted 1980 Summer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20545678", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics\"\nbased on the ITU Olympic Qualification List as of May 15, 2016. Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of eight athletes, four per gender, to compete in five different sports at the Games, matching its roster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20468728", "chunk_text": "\"Somers Limited\"\nincluded: In the 2016 financial year, Somers' key transactions included: In the 2017 financial year, Somers' key transactions included: Somers Limited announced in 2014 a four-year corporate sponsorship of the Bermuda Olympic Association, covering the next Olympiad which includes the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. As part of the partnership, the Bermuda Olympic Association introduced a youth education programme promoting wellness and involvement in sport. Somers Limited Somers Limited is an investment holding company based in Hamilton, Bermuda. Its shares are traded on the Bermuda Stock Exchange. Somers Limited is a financial services", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7714172", "chunk_text": "\"Sports and recreation in Bermuda\"\ninternationally, with moderate success within the Caribbean Basketball Championship. The country has access to multiple basketball facilities. Generally, Bermudians match poorly in international competition due to their small population size, and mostly compete in individual events in international competition Bermuda is often represented in the Olympic Games, though it has only won a single medal (in boxing). Bermuda also participates in the Americas' Cup Sailing Competitions with some success. Other popular sports include various equestrian forms including pony-cart racing and dressage, rugby, squash and tennis. See rugby union in Bermuda. Motorsports are gaining in popularity, particularly after the construction of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234926", "chunk_text": "Bermuda\nOlympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013. Bermuda has developed a proud rugby union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby sevens is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda sevens team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas Sevens, defeating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20545677", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics\"\nboat in the Laser Radial class by virtue of a top finish for North America at the 2016 ISAF World Cup regatta in Miami, Florida, United States. Another boat was also awarded to the Bermudian sailor competing in the Laser boat through a Tripartite Commission invitation. Bermuda has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send two swimmers (one male and one female) to the Olympics. Bermuda has entered one triathlete to compete at the Games. Remarkably going to her third Olympics, world no. 6 seed Flora Duffy was ranked among the top 40 eligible triathletes in the women's event", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7371650", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1998 Winter Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 1998 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan from 7–22 February 1998. This marked the territory's third appearance at a Winter Olympic Games with their first coming in the 1992 Albertville Games. Bermuda's delegation consisted of a single athlete, the luge competitor Patrick Singleton. In the men's singles, he came in 27th place. Bermuda first participated in Olympic competition at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 1992 at the Albertville Games, and have appeared in every Olympics since their respective debuts bar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19046535", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2012 Summer Olympics\"\nafter an unsuccessful attempt to qualify for the Beijing games. Open skiff sailor Zander Kirkland, competing at his first Olympics, was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Bermuda, however, failed to win its first Olympic medal since the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where Clarence Hill won the bronze for boxing. Long jumper Tyrone Smith qualified for the final rounds, but finished down the standings. Athletes must achieve certain standards in order to qualify to the Olympics (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard)): Bermuda's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713852", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics\"\nwas entered into only one event, the 15 kilometre freestyle race. The race was held on 15 February 2010. Murphy recorded a time of 42 minutes and 39 seconds, which was a little over 9 minutes off the gold-medal pace. He finished in 88th place out of the 95 athletes who finished the race. Bermuda at the 2010 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. from 12–28 February 2010. The territory sent one athlete, cross-country skier Tucker Murphy. This was the country's first appearance in a skiing discipline. Murphy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7371655", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1994 Winter Olympics\"\nboycotted 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The only medal the territory has won so far is a bronze in the sport of boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. The 1994 Winter Olympics were held from 12–27 February 1994; a total of 1,737 athletes representing 67 National Olympic Committees took part. Lillehammer was the territory's second appearance at a Winter Olympics. Simon Payne was the only athlete Bermuda sent to Lillehammer, just as he had been the only athlete sent to Albertville two years prior. John Hoskins, who would later be president of the Bermuda Olympic Association, served as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7371653", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1998 Winter Olympics\"\nThe gold medal was won by Georg Hackl of Germany in 3 minutes and 18.436 seconds, the silver medal was won by Italy's Armin Zöggeler, and the bronze by German Jens Müller. Bermuda at the 1998 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan from 7–22 February 1998. This marked the territory's third appearance at a Winter Olympic Games with their first coming in the 1992 Albertville Games. Bermuda's delegation consisted of a single athlete, the luge competitor Patrick Singleton. In the men's singles, he came in 27th place. Bermuda first participated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14566232", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1994 Winter Olympics\"\nseconds and 52.855 seconds. Overnight he was in 31st place out of 33 competitors. The next day, he finished the third run in 52.543 seconds and the fourth in 52.633 seconds. This meant he had a total time of 3 minutes and 30.637 seconds, which put him in 30th position. The gold medal was won by Germany's Georg Hackl in a time of 3 minutes and 21.571 seconds; the silver medal was earned by Markus Prock of Austria, and the bronze was taken by Italian Armin Zöggeler. Bermuda at the 1994 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7006809", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\"\nBermuda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Bermuda competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast, Australia from April 4 to April 15, 2018. Bermuda announced it will send a squad of 8 athletes. It was Bermuda's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games. Bermuda won its first gold medal for twenty-eight years and only its second ever gold medal overall when Flora Duffy won the women’s triathlon. Triathlete Tyler Smith was the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony. The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline. Bermuda announced a team of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7371656", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 1994 Winter Olympics\"\nthe flagbearer for the opening ceremony. Simon Payne was 29 years old at the time of the Lillehammer Olympics, and was making his second Olympic appearance. Payne was one of the founders of the Bermuda luge federation, and was the first Winter Olympian from the territory. He had raced the men's singles in Albertville, where he finished in 30th place. In Lillehammer, the men's singles competition was held on 13–14 February, with two runs being held on each day; the sum of an athlete's four run times determined the final rankings. On 13 February, Payne posted run times of 52.606", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15682428", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda shorts\"\nfor each of their male employees. The shorts were made from a very itchy grey flannel material, and each employee was supplied with two pairs of heavy grey wool long socks to wear with the shorts. This was the beginning of Bermuda shorts as business attire in Bermuda. In the post-war period local merchants such as Trimingham Bros. and H.A. & E. Smiths improved the design of the shorts and used bright coloured materials as the shorts became more popular. During the opening ceremonies of the Olympics and Paralympics, Bermuda's delegation traditionally wears red Bermuda shorts (red being the primary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5429559", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2011 Pan American Games\"\nBermuda at the 2011 Pan American Games Bermuda will compete at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico from October 14 to 30, 2011. Bermuda will compete with 14 athletes in six sports. Bermuda has qualified two athletes. However, Bermuda had originally qualified six athletes but four withdrew to rest and prepare for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Bermuda has qualified a full team of 2 male and 2 female bowlers. Men Women Bermuda has qualified a team of 1 male and 1 female athlete. Individual jumping Bermuda has qualified an athlete, in the sunfish category. Open Bermuda has qualified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7176193", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics\"\nappearance in Rio de Janeiro: triathlete Flora Duffy and long jumper Tyrone Smith, who finished twelfth in the final at the previous Games. The most successful and experienced member of the team, Smith was appointed by the committee to carry the Bermudian flag in the opening ceremony. Among the sports represented by the athletes, Bermuda marked its Olympic return in rowing for the first time since 1972. However, Bermuda failed to send an athlete in equestrian for the first time since 1976. Bermuda, however, failed to collect its first Olympic medal, since the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where Clarence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19046534", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2012 Summer Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2012 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the territory's seventeenth appearance at the Olympics, having missed the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of 8 athletes to the Games, 5 men and 3 women, to compete in athletics, equestrian, sailing, swimming, and triathlon. Five of them had competed in Beijing, but failed to advance past the first round of their events. Triathlete Tyler Butterfield made an Olympic return from the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7176194", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics\"\nHill won the bronze in men's heavyweight boxing. Unable to end her nation's 40-year drought on the podium, Duffy produced the best result for the Bermudans at the Games, finishing eighth in the women's triathlon. Bermudan athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event): Bermuda has qualified one boat in the women's single sculls for the Games at the 2016 Latin American Continental Qualification Regatta in Valparaiso, Chile, signifying the nation's Olympic return to the sport for the first time since 1972. Bermuda has qualified a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18290654", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Paralympics\"\nupon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divide athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities, other sports, for example swimming, group competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability. The country sent a team of 2 athletes, both 2 women, to the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Yushae Desilva-Andrade competed in boccia, while Jessica Cooper Lewis competed in athletics. Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Paralympics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "353517", "chunk_text": "\"Malta at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nMalta at the 2018 Winter Olympics Malta sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with one competitor, alpine skier Élise Pellegrin. It was the country's second Winter Olympic appearance, after the 2014 Winter Olympics. Pellegrin was designated as the flag bearer for both the parade of nations during the opening ceremony, and the closing ceremony. She was disqualified from the giant slalom, and finished 50th in the slalom. Malta first sent a delegation to compete in the Summer Olympics in the 1928 Amsterdam Games. They have competed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5475563", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2008 Summer Olympics\"\nBermuda at the 2008 Summer Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The games marked Bermuda's twenty-first Olympic appearance since its debut in 1936. The 2008 delegation included six athletes: Tyrone Smith and Arantxa King in long jump, Jillian Terceira in individual jumping on horseback, Kiera Aitken and Roy-Allan Burch in swimming (Aitken in backstroke, and Burch in freestyle), and Flora Duffy in triathlon. Bermuda did not win any medals in the Beijing games. Bermuda's debut in the Olympic Games began with the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Nazi Germany, when the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7714171", "chunk_text": "\"Sports and recreation in Bermuda\"\nthe main competitive sport. Unsurprisingly, most Bermudians swim, and Bermudians compete in swimming competitions in the Caribbean. Bermudians also enjoy non-competitive sports like diving and fishing. In 2017, Bermuda hosted the America's Cup being the 35th staging of the America's Cup yacht race. The challenger, Emirates Team New Zealand, won by a score of 7 to 1 over the defender, Oracle Team USA. It was held on the Great Sound in Bermuda from June 17 to June 26. The sporting event brought a major increase in jobs and tourism to the island. In Bermuda, Basketball is played competitively nationally and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3310911", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2008 Summer Olympics\"\nto cycling, the second part of the event, tying with Mak So Ning of Hong Kong at 52nd place out of 55. Duffy, however, was lapped on the bike leg and was disqualified before reaching the running portion or completing the event. Bermuda at the 2008 Summer Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The games marked Bermuda's twenty-first Olympic appearance since its debut in 1936. The 2008 delegation included six athletes: Tyrone Smith and Arantxa King in long jump, Jillian Terceira in individual jumping on horseback, Kiera Aitken and Roy-Allan Burch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2401988", "chunk_text": "\"Bermuda at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\nluge competition was held, two runs on each day. His first day saw run times of 47 seconds and 48.7 seconds, finishing the first day in 44th place. Singleton did better on the second day, with his third run coming in at 45.7 seconds, his fastest of the competition. He completed his final run in a time of 46.3 seconds, making his total time 3 minutes and 7.7 seconds. He finished in 37th place, gaining seven places on the second day, and he was 9.8 seconds behind gold medal time. Bermuda at the 2002 Winter Olympics Bermuda sent a delegation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10096717", "chunk_text": "\"Jamaica at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nJamaica at the 2018 Winter Olympics Jamaica competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with three competitors in two sports. The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline. Jamaica qualified a women's bobsled of two athletes. This will mark the first time the country has entered women into the bobsleigh competition. In the days leading up to the event the team's participation was in doubt after their German coach Sandra Kiriasis quit after refusing to change her role from driving coach to performance analyst.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "353520", "chunk_text": "\"Malta at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\noverall in the competition. Malta at the 2018 Winter Olympics Malta sent a delegation to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with one competitor, alpine skier Élise Pellegrin. It was the country's second Winter Olympic appearance, after the 2014 Winter Olympics. Pellegrin was designated as the flag bearer for both the parade of nations during the opening ceremony, and the closing ceremony. She was disqualified from the giant slalom, and finished 50th in the slalom. Malta first sent a delegation to compete in the Summer Olympics in the 1928 Amsterdam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234924", "chunk_text": "Bermuda\nNusum and Nahki Wells. In 2006, the Bermuda Hogges were formed as the nation's first professional football team to raise the standard of play for the Bermuda national football team. The team played in the United Soccer Leagues Second Division but folded in 2013. Sailing, fishing and equestrian sports are popular with both residents and visitors alike. The prestigious Newport–Bermuda Yacht Race is a more than 100-year-old tradition, with boats racing between Newport, Rhode Island and Bermuda. In 2007, the 16th biennial Marion-Bermuda yacht race occurred. A sport unique to Bermuda is racing the Bermuda Fitted Dinghy. International One Design", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234815", "chunk_text": "Bermuda\nBermuda Bermuda () is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and north of Cuba. The capital city is Hamilton. Bermuda is self-governing, with its own constitution and its own government, which enacts local laws, while the United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations. Bermuda's two largest economic sectors are offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century. The island has a subtropical climate and lies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2408771", "chunk_text": "\"Great Britain at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nBritain qualified 4 sleds. Sam Blanchet and Montell Douglas were travelling reserves Andrew Musgrave's seventh place in the men's 30 km skiathlon was the best performance by a Briton in an Olympic cross country event. Great Britain qualified a men's and women's team for a total of 10 athletes (five of each gender). The teams were officially announced on 22 June 2017. Outside of the Olympic Games, Great Britain competes under the flags of its constituent home nations, Scotland, England and Wales (Northern Irish players compete for a combined Ireland); Scotland results are treated as Great Britain for the purposes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839336", "chunk_text": "\"Hamilton, Bermuda\"\nwater skiing, jet skiing, sailing and diving. The highlight of the sports calendar is the Bermuda Gold Cup (or Argo Group Gold Cup as it is currently known), a sailing event which is a key stage of the World Match Racing Tour, one of only three sailing championships to be sanctioned by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) with 'Special Event' status. The Argo Cup brings the world's best match-racing sailors (including world champions and Olympic sailors) to Bermuda for five days of one-on-one 'match racing'. Points accrued during the event contribute to the World Match Racing Tour and ultimately a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_123	who is the guy who walked across the twin towers?	n/a	[ "Philippe Petit" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13424707", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\"\nfollows the French street performer Philippe Petit in an illustrated children's book made by author Mordicai Gerstein. Philippe Petit had an idea to walk a wire between the twin towers and acted upon it with much planning and setting up. He had once walked a wire on the Notre Dame where he lived in Paris, France. Early on an August morning, since the towers were not quite finished, Philippe Petit and his friend dressed up as a construction worker and went up the south tower. They got a 440 lbs of cable into the elevator. Took it to the top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13424706", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\"\nThe Man Who Walked Between the Towers The Man Who Walked Between the Towers is a children's picture book written and illustrated by American Mordicai Gerstein. Published in 2003, the book recounts the heart-stopping achievement of Philippe Petit, a French man who, on an August morning in 1974, walked, lay, knelt and danced on a tightrope wire between the roofs of the twin towers of the World Trade Center, a quarter mile above the ground. Gerstein won the 2004 Caldecott Medal for his illustrations. The book has been adapted to film and ballet. \"\"The Man Who Walked Between The Towers\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "859641", "chunk_text": "\"George Willig\"\nof the World Trade Center, Mr. Willig publicly said he regretted climbing the tower, as his actions may have brought them to the attention of terrorists. But he later told CNN that was just an initial, emotional reaction and that he was still glad to have climbed the tower. George Willig George Willig (born June 11, 1949) (a.k.a. \"\"The Human Fly\"\" or \"\"The Spiderman\"\") is a mountain-climber from Queens, New York, United States, who climbed the South Tower (2 WTC) of the World Trade Center on May 26, 1977, about 2½ years after tightrope walker Philippe Petit walked between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2988590", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Petit\"\nPhilippe Petit Philippe Petit (; born 13 August 1949) is a French high-wire artist who gained fame for his high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the towers of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat above the ground – which he referred to as \"\"le coup\"\" – he rigged a cable and used a custom-made long, balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. The following week, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2988611", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Petit\"\nbuildings has been developed on the site, and does not offer this opportunity. Philippe Petit Philippe Petit (; born 13 August 1949) is a French high-wire artist who gained fame for his high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, on the morning of August 7, 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the towers of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, 1971. For his unauthorized feat above the ground – which he referred to as \"\"le coup\"\" – he rigged a cable and used a custom-made long, balancing pole. He performed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "859636", "chunk_text": "\"George Willig\"\nGeorge Willig George Willig (born June 11, 1949) (a.k.a. \"\"The Human Fly\"\" or \"\"The Spiderman\"\") is a mountain-climber from Queens, New York, United States, who climbed the South Tower (2 WTC) of the World Trade Center on May 26, 1977, about 2½ years after tightrope walker Philippe Petit walked between the tops of the two towers. Before the stunt, Willig was a toymaker. At the time of the climb, 2 WTC was the third tallest building in the world, behind 1 WTC and the Sears Tower. It took Willig 3.5 hours to scale the tower. While the City of New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8225922", "chunk_text": "\"The Walk (2015 film)\"\nThe Walk (2015 film) The Walk is a 2015 American 3D biographical drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Christopher Browne and Zemeckis. It is based on the story of 24-year-old French high-wire artist Philippe Petit's walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center on August 7, 1974. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Ben Kingsley, Charlotte Le Bon, James Badge Dale, Ben Schwartz and Steve Valentine. The film was released by TriStar Pictures on September 30, 2015, in the United States in IMAX 3D, and on October 9 in regular 2D and 3D. It was dedicated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6475302", "chunk_text": "\"Man on Wire\"\nis derived from the 2006 album, \"\",\"\" a collection of works by Michael Nyman for films by British director Peter Greenaway. Joseph Gordon-Levitt starred as Petit in the film \"\"The Walk\"\" (2015), directed, produced and written by Robert Zemeckis. The film was released on 9 October 2015. Man on Wire Man on Wire is a 2008 British-American biographical documentary film directed by James Marsh. The film chronicles Philippe Petit's 1974 high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center. It is based on Petit's book, \"\"To Reach the Clouds\"\", released in paperback with the title \"\"Man on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8786038", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\"\naway. Truly affecting.\"\" The School Library Journal claimed \"\"With its graceful majesty and mythic overtones, this unique and uplifting book is at once a portrait of a larger-than-life individual and a memorial to the towers and the lives associated with them.\"\" The Man Who Walked Between the Towers The Man Who Walked Between the Towers is a children's picture book written and illustrated by American Mordicai Gerstein. Published in 2003, the book recounts the heart-stopping achievement of Philippe Petit, a French man who, on an August morning in 1974, walked, lay, knelt and danced on a tightrope wire between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2068222", "chunk_text": "\"World Trade Center (1973–2001)\"\nthe World Trade Center was an icon of New York City, and the Twin Towers were the centerpiece that represented the entire complex. The Twin Towers were used as \"\"establishing shots\"\", standing for New York City as a whole. In 1999, one writer noted: \"\"Nearly every guidebook in New York City lists the Twin Towers among the city's top ten attractions.\"\" Consequently, there were several high-profile events that occurred at the World Trade Center. The most notable high-profile event that was held at the original WTC occurred in 1974. French high wire acrobatic performer Philippe Petit walked between the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13424709", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\"\nline from across the two towers. By past dawn of August 7, 1974, they had tightened it between the towers. Philippe then put on his black shirt and tights and picked up his 28-foot balancing pole and started walking on the wire. He felt, \"\"Alone and absolutely free\"\", as author Mordecai Gerstein writes. The bystanders notice someone walking between the two towers and quickly notify the police. Officers rushed to the roof of the towers and yelled to Philippe, \"\"You're under arrest!\"\" For almost an hour Philippe walked, danced, and leaped back and forth between the wire. He even laid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6475295", "chunk_text": "\"Man on Wire\"\nMan on Wire Man on Wire is a 2008 British-American biographical documentary film directed by James Marsh. The film chronicles Philippe Petit's 1974 high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center. It is based on Petit's book, \"\"To Reach the Clouds\"\", released in paperback with the title \"\"Man on Wire\"\". The title of the film is taken from the police report that led to the arrest (and later release) of Petit, whose performance had lasted for almost one hour. The film is crafted like a heist film, presenting rare footage of the preparations for the event", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19546173", "chunk_text": "\"Aquarius Festival\"\nwere the South African pianist Dollar Brand (later known as Abdullah Ibrahim), and tightrope walker and unicyclist Philippe Petit, who gained worldwide fame the following year by walking between the rooftops of the Twin Towers at the World Trade Center. The festival had a permanent effect on the economy of Nimbin, as many Festival participants decided to remain in the district The area was previously a dairying and banana growing region in severe decline. Some of those that stayed might be defined as hippies, but in fact the larger percentage came from all sorts of backgrounds and life experience, ranging", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10828404", "chunk_text": "\"World Trade Center (1973–2001)\"\ntowers on a tightrope, as shown in the documentary film \"\"Man on Wire\"\" (2008) and depicted in the feature film \"\"The Walk\"\" (2015). Petit walked between the towers eight times on a steel cable. In 1977, Brooklyn toymaker George Willig scaled the exterior of the South Tower (2 WTC). He later said, \"\"It looked unscalable; I thought I'd like to try it.\"\" The complex was featured in numerous works of popular culture; one estimate in 2006 noted that the World Trade Center has appeared in some form in 472 films. Several iconic meanings were attributed to the World Trade Center.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2427009", "chunk_text": "\"The Walk (2015 film)\"\ntowers, and Philippe gives a final look to the camera, with the Twin Towers in the background, as he says the expiry date on the pass was crossed out and changed to \"\"forever.\"\" On January 23, 2014, it was announced that Robert Zemeckis would direct a film based on the story of Philippe Petit's walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in 1974. It was also confirmed that Zemeckis wanted Joseph Gordon-Levitt to star in the film as Petit. Zemeckis first came across the story of Petit from the children's book \"\"The Man Who Walked Between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6489520", "chunk_text": "\"John Carta\"\nJohn Carta Giovanni Carta, also known as John Carta (Alghero, January 7, 1946 – Sacramento, September 29, 1990), was an Italian American airman and parachutist, veteran of the Vietnam War. He was nicknamed \"\"Birdman\"\". Carta was a Base Jumping pioneer and a veteran of the Vietnam War, where he piloted Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopters on rescue missions. He was decorated with the War Cross for Military Valor. He parachuted onto the roof of the World Trade Center in New York in 1981; and launched himself from a tower of the Verrazano Bridge in 1982. In 1986, using a portable ramp,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10658540", "chunk_text": "\"Mordicai Gerstein\"\nMordicai Gerstein Mordicai Gerstein (born November 24, 1935 in Los Angeles, California) is an American artist, writer, and film director, best known for illustrating and writing children's books. He illustrated the comic mystery fiction series \"\"Something Queer is Going On\"\", 1973 to 2003, written by Elizabeth Levy. Gerstein won the 2004 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration, recognizing \"\"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\"\" (Roaring Brook Press, 2003), which he also wrote. Created in response to the September 11 attacks, it features the story of Philippe Petit's unauthorized high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10750331", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Moore (photographer)\"\nJim Moore (photographer) Jim Moore is an American photographer who has documented the variety arts since the 1970s. His photographs helped Philippe Petit plan his tightrope-walking stunt between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in 1974 and were prominently featured in the Oscar-winning film \"\"Man on Wire\"\". Moore studied film at New York University, but found a new calling in corporeal mime when he decided to take classes at the American Mime Theatre. After graduation, he put filmmaking aside and continued taking classes with teachers including Sterling Jensen, a partner of Étienne Decroux. Eventually, he began performing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15248868", "chunk_text": "\"Leonard W. Hatton Jr.\"\nLeonard W. Hatton Jr. Leonard William Hatton Jr. (August 16, 1956 – September 11, 2001) was an American special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). He was killed in the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City when he entered one of the towers to help evacuate the occupants and stayed when the towers collapsed. Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was born in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey, to Marilyn Hatton and Leonard Hatton Sr. who was a Ridgefield Park police officer. He graduated with the class of 1975 at Ridgefield Park High School,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707259", "chunk_text": "\"Waleed al-Shehri\"\nWaleed al-Shehri Waleed Mohammed al-Shehri (, , also transliterated as Alshehri) (December 20, 1978 – September 11, 2001) was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11, which was crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001. Born in Saudi Arabia, Shehri had been a student until he accompanied his mentally ill brother to Medina. He later went to fight in Chechnya along with his brother Wail, but was redirected to Afghanistan, where he was recruited for the attacks. Shehri arrived in the United States in April 2001", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8225923", "chunk_text": "\"The Walk (2015 film)\"\nto the victims of the September 11 attacks. In 1973, French street performer Philippe Petit is trying to make a living in Paris with juggling acts and wire walking, much to the chagrin of his father. During one performance, he eats a hard candy which was given to him by an audience member and injures his tooth. He visits the dentist and, while in the waiting room, sees a picture in a magazine of the Twin Towers in New York City. He analyzes the photo and decides to make it his mission to walk a tightrope between the two buildings.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9056267", "chunk_text": "\"Abdulaziz al-Omari\"\nAbdulaziz al-Omari Abdulaziz al-Omari (, , also transliterated as Alomari or al-Umari; May 28, 1979 – September 11, 2001) was a Saudi airport security guard and imam who was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11 as part of the September 11 attacks. Omari arrived in the United States in June 2001, on a tourist visa, obtained through the Visa Express program. On September 11, 2001, Omari boarded American Airlines Flight 11 and assisted in the hijacking of the plane, which was crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center, as part of the coordinated attacks.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2988604", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Petit\"\nrequired to give a free aerial show for children in Central Park. He performed on a high-wire walk in the Park above Belvedere Lake (known now as Turtle Pond). The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey gave Petit a lifetime pass to the Twin Towers' Observation Deck. He autographed a steel beam close to the point where he began his walk. Petit's high-wire walk is credited with bringing the Twin Towers much needed attention and even affection, as they initially had been unpopular. Critics such as historian Lewis Mumford had regarded them as ugly and utilitarian in design,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11623798", "chunk_text": "\"Joe \"\"Tiger\"\" Patrick II\"\nof Veterans Affairs. In memory of the 10-year anniversary of the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, Patrick walked from the Pentagon Memorial to the Flight 93 National Memorial in Shanksville, Pennsylvania and averaged per day. The walk took five weeks. His original plan to walk incognito changed when he created a harness to aid him in the transport of the American flag. He carried three of them, rotating them each day. His intention was to deliver one flag to each of the crash sites. An attempt to present one at the Pentagon was futile.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13826743", "chunk_text": "\"Red Road Flats\"\n(third prize) at the Cannes film festival. In July 2007, the French high wire artist Didier Pasquette, a protege of Philippe Petit (famous for his high wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York), undertook a high wire stunt between two of the Red Road towers, attempting to cross the gap between Towers 4 and 5. Although thwarted by Glasgow's temperamental weather he managed to walk across the chasm, backwards on one occasion. From 19 February to 27 June 2010, the Red Road flats featured in the \"\"Multi-Story\"\" exhibition at Glasgow's Gallery of Modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "639510", "chunk_text": "\"Thor Alex Kappfjell\"\nThor Alex Kappfjell Thor Alex Kappfjell was a Norwegian offshore oil worker and BASE jumper. He is famous for parachuting from the observation deck of the World Trade Center's South tower in 1999. Previously, he had jumped from the 86th floor of the observation deck of the Empire State Building and the 61st floor of the Chrysler Building (on October 24 and 27, 1998 respectively). Kappfjell claimed to have jumped more than 200 mountains and buildings (radio/television masts, bridges, the Eiffel Tower, etc.) in his daredevil career. On March 25, 1999, Kappfjell ignored threats from Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19980472", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Cosgrove\"\nKevin Cosgrove Kevin Michael Cosgrove (January 6, 1955 – September 11, 2001) was an American insurance business executive and victim of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. He served as a vice president at Aon Corporation. Cosgrove is known for the 9-1-1 call he made during his final moments, which ended with him screaming from inside the South Tower as it collapsed. The recording was used during the prosecution of Zacarias Moussaoui, the only criminal trial to result from the attacks. Cosgrove's last words made international headlines. Cosgrove and his family lived in West Islip, New York.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3638068", "chunk_text": "\"Welles Crowther\"\nUntil that moment when the tower fell.\"\" One of Crowther's bandanas is on display at the museum. He was the subject of the 2017 feature documentary \"\"Man in Red Bandana\"\". Welles Crowther Welles Remy Crowther (May 17, 1977 – September 11, 2001) was an American equities trader and volunteer firefighter known for saving at least a dozen lives during the September 11 attacks in New York City, during which he lost his own life. Welles Remy Crowther was the first born of three children. His parents, Jefferson and Allison, raised him and his two sisters, Honor and Paige, in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1211260", "chunk_text": "\"Dave Kunst\"\nDave Kunst Dave Kunst (born July 16, 1939 in Caledonia, Minnesota) is the first person independently verified to have walked around the Earth. The walk was intended to be achieved along with his brother John, but during the event John was shot and killed by bandits, and Dave wounded; Dave resumed and completed the walk with another brother, Peter. His walk was officially stated to be 14,452 miles. Kunst's walk may not have been the first circumnavigation by foot, in particular Guinness World Records mentions George Matthew Schilling (walked: 1897-1904), and Dumitru Dan circumnavigated the globe between 1910-1923, in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8786035", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\"\ndown to rest. When he felt completely satisfied, he walked towards the tower and held out his wrists towards the handcuffs. They brought Philippe to court and the judge sentenced him to perform in the park for the children of the city. This he did happily. Though during his performance some kids jerked his wire and Philippe fell but caught himself. Now the towers are gone but the memory remains of August 7, 1974 when a man walked between the towers. The book was adapted as an animated short film of the same name in 2005 by Michael Sporn for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12251332", "chunk_text": "\"Marwan al-Shehhi\"\nMarwan al-Shehhi Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi (, , also transliterated as Alshehhi; 9 May 1978 – 11 September 2001) was the hijacker-pilot of United Airlines Flight 175, crashing the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks. Al-Shehhi was a student from the United Arab Emirates who moved to Germany in 1996 and soon became close friends with Mohamed Atta, Ziad Jarrah and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, forming the Hamburg cell. Together, after pledging their lives to martyrdom, they became the leaders of the September 11 attacks. In late 1999,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "890863", "chunk_text": "\"Tourist guy\"\nTourist guy The \"\"tourist guy\"\" was a hoax that featured a digitally altered photograph of a tourist on the observation deck of the World Trade Center, supposedly on the day of the September 11 attacks, showing a plane about to hit the tower in the background. The photo became an Internet phenomenon as many manipulated pictures spread online. The man in the photograph was identified as Hungarian Péter Guzli, who took the photo in 1997. Guzli said he edited the photo as a joke for his friends and did not realize it would spread across the Internet. He is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11623796", "chunk_text": "\"Joe \"\"Tiger\"\" Patrick II\"\nJoe \"\"Tiger\"\" Patrick II Joe \"\"Tiger\"\" Patrick II (born July 30, 1963) is a Peace Dale, Rhode Island Army veteran. During his almost 10 years in uniform, Patrick served in Operation Desert Storm. After the 9/11 attacks, Patrick volunteered for three weeks at Ground Zero. During the time at Ground Zero, Patrick developed an affinity for firefighters. In 2011 Patrick completed a memorial walk. The purpose was to honor the families and loved ones of those lost, as well as the first responders in the 9/11 attacks. Patrick has walked across the United States to increase awareness of the U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13755214", "chunk_text": "\"Tightrope Walker (album)\"\nwith it. I was trying to trace the lyric, see what the storyline is, and then match the soundscape to what I'm trying to get across with the idea. That often takes me to strange, and unusual places.\"\" The album name was influenced by an interview with Philippe Petit, the tightrope walker who crossed between the twin towers in New York City in 1974. Yamagata was affected by his response to an interview question that asked why he did what he did, and he responded \"\"Why - There is no why.\"\" Yamagata's concept for the album started with a vision", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10659393", "chunk_text": "\"Wail al-Shehri\"\nWail al-Shehri Wail Mohammed al-Shehri (, ; also transliterated as Alshehri) (July 31, 1973 – September 11, 2001) was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11, which was hijacked and flown into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks. Shehri was an elementary school teacher from Khamis Mushait in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. In early 2000, he traveled to Medina to seek treatment for mental problems. He and his younger brother Waleed traveled to Afghanistan in March 2000 and joined an Al-Qaeda training camp. The brothers were chosen,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16178031", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Goodwin\"\nAct\"\", calling for an agency within the United States government entitled \"\"Skyscraper Defense\"\" as well as teams of \"\"Skyscraper Defenders\"\", individuals trained in skyscraper defense, security, and safety protocol, to be stationed within major cities of the United States. Dan Goodwin Daniel \"\"Dan\"\" Goodwin (Kennebunkport, November 7, 1955) is an American climber best known for performing gymnastic-like flag maneuvers and one arm fly offs while free soloing difficult rock climbs on national TV and for scaling towering skyscrapers, including the Sears Tower, the John Hancock Center, the World Trade Center, the CN Tower, and (for the program \"\"Stan Lee's Superhumans\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8699244", "chunk_text": "\"Fayez Banihammad\"\nFayez Banihammad Fayez Rashid Ahmed Hassan al-Qadi Banihammad (, ) (March 19, 1977 – September 11, 2001) was one of five hijackers aboard United Airlines Flight 175 as part of the September 11 attacks. Born in the United Arab Emirates, Banihammad left his family to pursue relief work. Using the Visa Express program, Banihammad obtained a U.S. tourist visa. Banihammad arrived in the United States in June 2001. On September 11, 2001, Banihammad boarded United Airlines Flight 175 and participated in the hijacking of the plane, so it could be flown into the South Tower of the World Trade Center.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "890868", "chunk_text": "\"Tourist guy\"\nseveral other photos from the same series as proof to a Hungarian newspaper. Later on, the show \"\"Wired News\"\" examined the evidence and confirmed that Guzli was the real Tourist guy. Tourist guy The \"\"tourist guy\"\" was a hoax that featured a digitally altered photograph of a tourist on the observation deck of the World Trade Center, supposedly on the day of the September 11 attacks, showing a plane about to hit the tower in the background. The photo became an Internet phenomenon as many manipulated pictures spread online. The man in the photograph was identified as Hungarian Péter Guzli,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2988594", "chunk_text": "\"Philippe Petit\"\nJune 1971, Petit secretly installed a cable between the two towers of Notre Dame de Paris. On the morning of June 26, 1971, he \"\"juggled balls\"\" and \"\"pranced back and forth\"\" as the crowd below applauded. Petit became known to New Yorkers in the early 1970s for his frequent tightrope-walking performances and magic shows in the city parks, especially Washington Square Park. Petit's most famous performance was in August 1974, conducted on a wire between the roofs of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in Manhattan, a quarter mile above the ground. The towers were still under construction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17828715", "chunk_text": "\"Ron and Fez\"\ntheir card number at the beginning of the call, a sound clip was played of Al Pacino yelling \"\"HOO-AH!\"\". Though the promotion was discontinued, some callers still announce their \"\"BAC\"\" numbers, and the clip is usually played when producers are paying attention. On the evening of September 11, the team stayed on the air taking calls from distressed listeners, some of whom were unsure if loved ones were still alive inside the Twin Towers. It is said that Hawk walked across the Queensboro Bridge against outpouring hordes of people to get to his job; Billy Staples hid in a Long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940366", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Kuh\"\nChief of the Criminal Courts Bureau. Kuh was the prosecutor who won the controversial conviction of Lenny Bruce on obscenity charges. In 1974, Kuh succeeded Hogan as District Attorney of New York County after Hogan suffered a stroke and resigned. In September 1974, Kuh was defeated by Robert M. Morgenthau in the Democratic primary for the special election to fill the vacancy. Kuh was DA when Philippe Petit made his famous tightrope walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and famously agreed that his punishment should be a free show for children in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401738", "chunk_text": "\"Waleed al-Shehri\"\nof the \"\"BBC\"\" information regarding \"\"alive\"\" hijackers was incorrect according to the same sources used by \"\"BBC\"\". In September 2007, a video recording of his last testament was released to mark the 6th anniversary of the attacks. Waleed al-Shehri Waleed Mohammed al-Shehri (, , also transliterated as Alshehri) (December 20, 1978 – September 11, 2001) was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11, which was crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001. Born in Saudi Arabia, Shehri had been a student until he accompanied his mentally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3950235", "chunk_text": "\"John Skilling\"\nJohn Skilling John Skilling (October 8, 1921 in Los Angeles, California – March 5, 1998 in Seattle, Washington) was a civil engineer and architect, best known for being the chief structural engineer of the World Trade Center. John Skilling graduated from the University of Washington in 1947 and started working for an engineering firm called W.H. Witt Co, which is now known as Magnusson Klemencic Associates. He married at a young age and had three children—two girls and a boy. John started working for the W.H.Witt Co. soon after graduation. In 1983, he became the chairman of the firm. Prominent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14252147", "chunk_text": "\"Mohammad Salman Hamdani\"\nMohammad Salman Hamdani Mohammad Salman Hamdani () (December 28, 1977 – September 11, 2001) was a Pakistani American scientist, New York City Police Department cadet and Emergency Medical Technician who was killed in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorism attacks on the World Trade Center, where he had gone to try to help. In the weeks following 9/11, reports surfaced that the missing Hamdani was being investigated for possible involvement with the perpetrators, but this suspicion proved to be false and he was subsequently hailed as a hero by the New York City mayor and police commissioner. Hamdani was mentioned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11207954", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Praimnath\"\ncards. Clark made his way home to New Jersey; Praimnath went to the hospital for his injuries. Later on that evening, after midnight, when Praimnath had finally gotten home from the hospital, he excitedly called Clark to speak with him, waking him up in the process, to find out what had happened to him. The two men, who had never met before 9/11, remain friends to this day and have appeared on numerous shows and documentaries telling their story. Stanley Praimnath Stanley Praimnath (born 1956 or 1957) is a survivor of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14323794", "chunk_text": "\"Francis Brunn\"\nthe 1974 walk on a tightrope between the Twin Towers of the New York City's World Trade Center. Francis Brunn Francis Brunn (15 November 1922 in Aschaffenburg, Germany – 28 May 2004 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) was a German juggler. Brunn took up juggling in 1939, joining a traveling show that played all over Europe. He moved to America to join the Ringling Brothers circus and twice performed for Dwight D. Eisenhower. Brunn retired in 1994. Though he is believed to have been the first performer to juggle 10 rings, he was best known for his seemingly simple, though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "638746", "chunk_text": "\"Owen J. Quinn\"\nOwen J. Quinn Owen J. Quinn (born 1941 in the Bronx, New York) is an American man who was the first person to successfully parachute off one of the World Trade Center towers. He did this on July 22, 1975. In an interview with C. J. Sullivan of the \"\"New York Press\"\", Quinn claims that his first memories were of \"\"how it all got bad very quick\"\". His mother grew sick and was hospitalized for a long stretch of time and finances for the family were low so his father had to place him and his sister in an orphanage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13447391", "chunk_text": "\"Todd Beamer\"\nTodd Beamer Todd Morgan Beamer (November 24, 1968 – September 11, 2001) was an American passenger aboard United Airlines Flight 93, which was hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001. He was one of the passengers who attempted to regain control of the aircraft from the hijackers. During the struggle, the aircraft lost control and crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, saving the hijackers' intended target and additional victims. Todd Beamer was born on November 24, 1968, in Flint, Michigan, to David Beamer, an IBM sales representative, and Peggy Jackson Beamer, a muralist,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7736432", "chunk_text": "\"William Rodriguez\"\nWilliam Rodriguez William Rodríguez is a former janitor at the North Tower of the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001, attacks and was in the basement of the North Tower when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the building. After the attacks he received several awards for heroism for helping in the evacuation of many survivors. The \"\"Birmingham Mail\"\" said about Rodriguez: \"\"He bravely led firefighters up the stairs, unlocking doors as they climbed and helping hundreds of survivors\"\" and The \"\"Lancashire Telegraph\"\" added: \"\"He then went back into the building in a bid to rescue his friends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3164160", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Casquejo\"\nJustin Casquejo Justin Casquejo is a free solo climber and stunt performer who has scaled several skyscrapers in Manhattan, New York City as well as a water tower in his hometown, Weehawken, New Jersey. He has been arrested, charged, and convicted for some of his activities. Others have been brought to light through his publication on social media, such as Instagram and YouTube. In March 2014, Casquejo climbed to the top of the topped-out, but not yet completed, One World Trade Center. Casquejo, then 16 years old, entered the site through a hole in a fence. He was subsequently arrested", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_124	where do the royalties for winnie the pooh go?	n/a	[ "the Slesinger family", "Slesinger, Inc." ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6163719", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\nbefore his death in 1996. Sometime around 2000, the Pooh Properties Trust licensed additional rights to Disney and accepted a buyout of their claims to royalties as defined in a 1991 lawsuit brought by Stephen Slesinger, Inc. Although Slesinger's rights are arguably more valuable, the combined value paid by Disney to The Pooh Properties Trust is said to be approximately $300 million for Milne's portion of those rights. To further minimize Disney's legal exposure to Slesinger, Disney paid money to the Pooh Properties attorneys and trusts to use the name of Clare Milne, daughter of Christopher Robin, in an attempt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13310062", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\na host of consumer products and services protected by trademark. Outside of the U.S. and Canada, Milne retained most of his literary copyright rights which he left to four beneficiaries of his trust: The Garrick Club, Westminster School, The Royal Literary Fund and the A. A. Milne Family. By direction of Milne's will, the Pooh Properties Trust was formed. Mrs. Milne, trustee of the Milne Estate and Spencer Curtis Brown, Trustee, licensed certain exclusive film rights to Disney in 1961. Christopher Robin Milne sold his rights to the other copyright holders, in order to raise money to support his daughter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3910257", "chunk_text": "\"A. A. Milne\"\nhad been paying twice-yearly royalties to these beneficiaries. The estate of E. H. Shepard also received a sum in the deal. The UK copyright on the text of the original Winnie the Pooh books expires on 1 January 2027; at the beginning of the year after the 70th anniversary of the author's death (PMA-70), and has already expired in those countries with a PMA-50 rule. This applies to all of Milne's works except those first published posthumously. The illustrations in the Pooh books will remain under copyright until the same amount of time has passed, after the illustrator's death; in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3910256", "chunk_text": "\"A. A. Milne\"\nThe rights to A. A. Milne's Pooh books were left to four beneficiaries: his family, the Royal Literary Fund, Westminster School and the Garrick Club. After Milne's death in 1956, one week and six days after his 74th birthday, his widow sold her rights to the Pooh characters to Stephen Slesinger, whose widow sold the rights after Slesinger's death to the Walt Disney Company, which has made many Pooh cartoon movies, a Disney Channel television show, as well as Pooh-related merchandise. In 2001, the other beneficiaries sold their interest in the estate to the Disney Corporation for $350m. Previously Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3910258", "chunk_text": "\"A. A. Milne\"\nthe UK, this will be on 1 January 2047. In the United States, copyright will not expire until 95 years after publication for each of Milne's books first published before 1978, but this includes the illustrations. In 2008, a collection of original illustrations featuring Winnie-the-Pooh and his animal friends sold for more than £1.2 million at auction in Sotheby's, London. \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine ranked Winnie the Pooh the most valuable fictional character in 2002; Winnie the Pooh merchandising products alone had annual sales of more than $5.9 billion. In 2005, Winnie the Pooh generated $6 billion, a figure surpassed by only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196665", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nthe stylised Disney Pooh, Disney markets Classic Pooh merchandise which more closely resembles E.H. Shepard's illustrations. In 1991, Stephen Slesinger, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Disney which alleged that Disney had breached their 1983 agreement by again failing to accurately report revenue from Winnie the Pooh sales. Under this agreement, Disney was to retain approximately 98% of gross worldwide revenues while the remaining 2% was to be paid to Slesinger. In addition, the suit alleged that Disney had failed to pay required royalties on all commercial exploitation of the product name. Though the Disney corporation was sanctioned by a judge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196664", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nagreements between Stephen Slesinger, Inc. and Disney. The same year, A. A. Milne's widow, Daphne Milne, also licensed certain rights, including motion picture rights, to Disney. Since 1966, Disney has released numerous animated productions starring Winnie the Pooh and related characters. These have included theatrical featurettes, television series, and direct-to-video films, as well as the theatrical feature-length films \"\"The Tigger Movie\"\", \"\"Piglet's Big Movie\"\", \"\"Pooh's Heffalump Movie\"\", and \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\". Pooh videos, soft toys, and other merchandise generate substantial annual revenues for Disney. The size of Pooh stuffed toys ranges from Beanie and miniature to human-sized. In addition to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196673", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nonto the list of icons of England. \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine ranked Pooh the most valuable fictional character in 2002, with merchandising products alone generating more than $5.9 billion that year. In 2005, Pooh generated $6 billion, a figure surpassed by only Mickey Mouse. In 2006, Pooh received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, marking the 80th birthday of Milne's creation. The bear is such a popular character in Poland that a Warsaw street is named for him, Ulica Kubusia Puchatka. There is also a street named after him in Budapest (Micimackó utca). In music, Kenny Loggins wrote the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10769596", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Slesinger Lasswell\"\nPooh characters. Lasswell signed the first of two licensing agreements in 1961, which licensed the Walt Disney Company exclusive television rights and certain other rights owned by Stephen Slesinger, Inc., in exchange for royalty payments. Shirley Slesinger Lasswell Shirley Slesinger Lasswell (May 27, 1923 Detroit, Michigan – July 19, 2007 Beverly Hills, CA) was an American marketer. She is best known for losing a lawsuit with Disney due to her company's judicial misconduct in a dispute over Winnie-the-Pooh royalties. Lasswell was born Shirley Ann Basso in Detroit, Michigan on May 27, 1923. She was the daughter of Clara Louise Leasia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196666", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nfor destroying forty boxes of evidential documents, the suit was later terminated by another judge when it was discovered that Slesinger's investigator had rummaged through Disney's garbage to retrieve the discarded evidence. Slesinger appealed the termination and, on 26 September 2007, a three-judge panel upheld the lawsuit dismissal. After the Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, Clare Milne, Christopher Milne's daughter, attempted to terminate any future US copyrights for Stephen Slesinger, Inc. After a series of legal hearings, Judge Florence-Marie Cooper of the US District Court in California found in favour of Stephen Slesinger, Inc., as did the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14741876", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (franchise)\"\nWinnie the Pooh (franchise) Winnie the Pooh is a media franchise based on A. A. Milne and E. H. Shepard's stories featuring Winnie-the-Pooh. The Disney media franchise commenced in 1966 with the theatrical release of the short \"\"Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree\"\". In the midst of a 2003 battle where Disney stood to lose commercial rights to Winnie the Pooh, \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" noted \"\"Losing control of the Winnie the Pooh franchise would be a disaster for Disney. Analysts believe Pooh is worth $3bn-$6bn of Disney's total annual sales of $25bn.\"\" According to a 2013 Variety article, Winnie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196667", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On 26 June 2006, the US Supreme Court refused to hear the case, sustaining the ruling and ensuring the defeat of the suit. On 19 February 2007 Disney lost a court case in Los Angeles which ruled their \"\"misguided claims\"\" to dispute the licensing agreements with Slesinger, Inc. were unjustified, but a federal ruling of 28 September 2009, again from Judge Florence-Marie Cooper, determined that the Slesinger family had granted all trademarks and copyrights to Disney, although Disney must pay royalties for all future use of the characters. Both parties have expressed satisfaction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196662", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nthe Queen at Buckingham Palace. On 6 January 1930, Stephen Slesinger purchased US and Canadian merchandising, television, recording and other trade rights to the \"\"Winnie-the-Pooh\"\" works from Milne for a $1000 advance and 66% of Slesinger's income, creating the modern licensing industry. By November 1931, Pooh was a $50 million-a-year business. Slesinger marketed Pooh and his friends for more than 30 years, creating the first Pooh doll, record, board game, puzzle, US radio broadcast (NBC), animation, and motion picture film. The first time Pooh and his friends appeared in colour was 1932, when he was drawn by Slesinger in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033622", "chunk_text": "\"Paying public domain\"\nPaying public domain Paying public domain (, ) is a copyright regime where copies, presentations or performances of a work that has entered the public domain are still subject to royalties, which are payable to the state or to an authors' association. The principle is that revenue from the work of long-dead artists should be used to support creativity of living artists. It may apply only to certain types of work, such as folklore or traditional cultural expressions. However, communities that wish to control their traditional knowledge or cultural expressions may perceive the royalties as an unwelcome tax. Paying public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10192938", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Slesinger Lasswell\"\nShirley Slesinger Lasswell Shirley Slesinger Lasswell (May 27, 1923 Detroit, Michigan – July 19, 2007 Beverly Hills, CA) was an American marketer. She is best known for losing a lawsuit with Disney due to her company's judicial misconduct in a dispute over Winnie-the-Pooh royalties. Lasswell was born Shirley Ann Basso in Detroit, Michigan on May 27, 1923. She was the daughter of Clara Louise Leasia and Michael Basso. She had one sister, Patricia Jane (Basso) Cornell. Shirley Ann Basso performed in Olsen and Johnson Broadway musical comedies. She spent 30 months with the USO entertaining American troops at military bases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14277359", "chunk_text": "\"Public domain\"\nWouldn't Grow Up\"\" and the novel \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\") in the United Kingdom, it was granted a special exception under the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 (Schedule 6) that requires royalties to be paid for commercial performances, publications and broadcasts of the story of Peter Pan within the UK, as long as Great Ormond Street Hospital (to whom Barrie gave the copyright) continues to exist. In a paying public domain regime, works that have entered the public domain after their copyright has expired, or traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions that have never been subject to copyright, are still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15309122", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (song)\"\nWinnie the Pooh (song) \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\" is the title song for the franchise of the same name. The songwriters are the Sherman Brothers, who have written the grand majority of Winnie the Pooh songs and musical numbers since 1966. It is musically emblematic of the most successful branding Disney currently owns and has been used in most merchandising models of the brand since the song's first publication in 1966 in the musical film featurette \"\"Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree\"\". In film, the song is generally utilized in the title sequence. The lyric gives an overview of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196647", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\npublished in 1958, and, in 1960, became the only Latin book ever to have been featured on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. Hyphens in the character's name were omitted by Disney when the company adapted the Pooh stories into a series of features that would eventually become one of its most successful franchises. In popular film adaptations, Pooh has been voiced by actors Sterling Holloway, Hal Smith, and Jim Cummings in English, and Yevgeny Leonov in Russian. A. A. Milne named the character Winnie-the-Pooh after a teddy bear owned by his son, Christopher Robin Milne, on whom the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13310061", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\nhis lifetime, Milne was liberal with his grant of rights. At times he licensed the same exclusive rights to more than one entity. In the United States, E. P. Dutton and Company acquired exclusive volume publication rights and Stephen Slesinger, Inc., acquired sole and exclusive rights to virtually all uses outside of the Dutton books as well as rights to any sorts of future uses. Beginning in 1930 Stephen Slesinger created all of the distinctive and colorful images of Pooh outside of the books. Under license from Slesinger, Pooh made his debuts in radio, film, animation, children's theatre, advertising and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196663", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\nnow-familiar red shirt and featured on an RCA Victor picture record. Parker Brothers introduced \"\"A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh Game\"\" in 1933, again with Pooh in his red shirt. In the 1940s, Agnes Brush created the first plush dolls with Pooh in his red shirt. Shepard had drawn Pooh with a shirt as early as the first Winnie-The-Pooh book, which was subsequently coloured red in later coloured editions. After Slesinger's death in 1953, his wife, Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, continued developing the character herself. In 1961, she licensed rights to Walt Disney Productions in exchange for royalties in the first of two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2226138", "chunk_text": "\"Tolkien Estate\"\nthe sum he was paid was approximately equivalent to £1,377,000 to £3,842,000 in 2015 and in addition to it he retained a 7.5% royalty interest in any future adaptation (transmitted to the Tolkien Estate on his death). In 1976 United Artists sold most of their rights to Tolkien's work to Saul Zaentz Company, who have licensed all subsequent authorized adaptations of \"\"The Hobbit\"\" and \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" through Middle-earth Enterprises. However United Artists retains the world distribution rights to film adaptations. These are currently exercised by their parent company MGM, which under contract co-financed \"\"The Hobbit\"\" film trilogy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3143545", "chunk_text": "\"Royalty payment\"\ndefined in that owner's mineral lease, and any tract participation factors applied to the specific tracts owned. As a standard example, for every $100 bbl of oil sold on a U.S. federal well with a 25% royalty, the U.S. government receives $25. The U.S. government does not pay and will only collect revenues. All risk and liability lie upon the operator of the well. Royalties in the lumber industry are called \"\"stumpage\"\". An intangible asset such as a patent right gives the owner an exclusive right to prevent others from practicing the patented technology in the country issuing the patent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2742081", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel M. Petrocelli\"\n$200 million preliminary judgment but was forced to recuse himself. The case concerns the merchandising royalties paid by Disney to the heirs of Stephen Slesinger, a branding pioneer who obtained merchandising rights from Pooh author A.A. Milne in 1929. The clash between the two famous attorneys was covered in depth by Joe Shea of The American Reporter, an online daily newspaper that now offers an archive of 28 articles about the case with an extensive discussion of Petrocelli's role. Petrocelli's next high-profile client was former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling, whom Petrocelli has represented since 2004, who was tried on charges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4633420", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media\"\n1992, Disney Stores closed two Mickey's Kitchens as the restaurants were only breaking even while well received by the customers as the company wanted to focus on overseas expansions. In 1994, DCP ended an exclusive licensing agreement with Sears for \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\". Three distinct product lines were created for Pooh: Disney Pooh, based on the Disney red-shirted tan bear cartoon version; 100 Acre Collection, a more upscale line for department stores and the Classic Pooh line based on the original A.A. Milne books' Ernest H. Shephard illustrations. DCP licensing peak in 1997 with 749 Disney Stores worldwide, operating income", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6163720", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\nto terminate certain of the copyright rights of Stephen Slesinger Inc, in the wake of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998. The district court found in favor of Stephen Slesinger, Inc., as did the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On Monday, June 26, 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case, thus sustaining the Appeals Court ruling. In December 2005, Disney announced that Pooh's friend and owner Christopher Robin would transform into a six-year-old \"\"tomboyish\"\" red-haired girl Darby for the Disney Channel animated television series, \"\"My Friends Tigger & Pooh\"\". Christopher Robin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13310069", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\na picture of Presidents Xi Jinping and Barack Obama, who met at the G20 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Cartoons of Xi as Winnie the Pooh were regarded as disrepectful and were banned in China, but they continued to be used by critics. Dissident Liu Xiaobo and his wife were photographed holding Pooh mugs. As a result of these controversies, the movie \"\"Christopher Robin\"\" was not released in China. Winnie the Pooh (Disney character) Winnie the Pooh is a fictional teddy bear and the title character from the Disney media franchise based on A. A. Milne's \"\"Winnie-the-Pooh\"\" (1926) and \"\"The House", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4633421", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media\"\nof $893 million and 4,200 licensees for mostly Winnie the Pooh and Mickey Mouse productd plus some popular animated movies. Disney's and McDonald's ten-year cross-promotional agreement began on January 1, 1997. In May 1997, the Vermont Teddy Bear Co. filed a copyright infringement suit against Disney over \"\"Pooh-Grams\"\" being similar to its mail-order \"\"Bear-Gram\"\" trademark and logo. Also, Disney Enterprises, Inc. sold DCP operating subsidiary Childcraft Education Corp. to U.S. Office Products Co. In July 1997, Boyd was named chairman of DCP with Canada and US head Anne Osberg was promoted to President, DCP. As president, Osberg also over saw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "811383", "chunk_text": "\"Royalty payment\"\nroyalty, and then Harper Collins shares in the extra profit when the book is resold to the consumer by the foreign affiliates, without paying the author any further royalty.\"\") This forced a \"\"class action\"\" readjustment for thousands of authors contracted by HarperCollins between November 1993 and June 1999. Unlike other forms of intellectual property, music royalties have a strong linkage to individuals – composers (score), songwriters (lyrics) and writers of musical plays – in that they can own the exclusive copyright to created music and can license it for performance independent of corporates. Recording companies and the performing artists that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8473029", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie-the-Pooh (book)\"\n1960s, the Milne story lines were used by Disney in its cartoon featurette \"\"Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree\"\". The \"\"look\"\" of Pooh was adapted by Disney from Stephen Slesinger's distinctive American Pooh with his famous red shirt that had been created and used in commerce by Slesinger since the 1930s. \"\"Winnie-the-Pooh\"\" was shortly followed by \"\"The House at Pooh Corner\"\", also by Milne. \"\"Return to the Hundred Acre Wood\"\", by David Benedictus was the first official post-Milne Pooh book written with the full backing of A. A. Milne's estate, which took the trustees ten years to agree to.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4196675", "chunk_text": "Winnie-the-Pooh\n\"\"The House at Pooh Corner\"\" and later in the films, it has crossed over into the real world: a World Championship Poohsticks race takes place in Oxfordshire each year. Ashdown Forest in England where the Pooh stories are set is a popular tourist attraction, and includes the wooden Pooh Bridge where Pooh and Piglet invented Poohsticks. The Oxford University Winnie the Pooh Society was founded by undergraduates in 1982. In the People's Republic of China, images of Pooh were censored in mid-2017 from social media websites, when internet memes comparing Chinese president Xi Jinping to Pooh became popular. Winnie-the-Pooh Winnie-the-Pooh,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4633422", "chunk_text": "\"Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media\"\nDisney Stores, Walt Disney Records and Disney Interactive. In March 1998, Walt Disney Records and Walt Disney Music Publishing were transferred out of DCP to Buena Vista Music Group in the Disney studio division. By 1998, Pooh outsold Mickey Mouse $316 million to $114 million through November of that year in just-licensed-toy sales. By replacing Sears with 100 licensees including Mattel, Hallmark, Timex, Tupperware and Royal Daulton, DCP has since increased Pooh product lines from $390 million to $3.3 billion. With Mickey Mouse and other characters on products everywhere and a general retail decline in 2000, DCP had registered operating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10769594", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Slesinger Lasswell\"\nincluded exclusive rights of character and name reproduction in connection with goods and services and all media such as television, radio and any future sound, word and picture reproduction devices. The deal included the rights to Winnie the Pooh, as well as the other now famous characters, such as Christopher Robin, Eeyore, Tigger and Owl. Stephen Slessinger died in 1953. His death left Lasswell a widow with a one-year-old daughter, Pati. Lasswell assumed leadership of her husband's company in 1956 and took over the marketing and licensing of Pooh along with Slesinger's other characters. She later said in an interview", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15840517", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\"\nCleese. The film was released on April 14, 2011 in Germany, on April 15, 2011 in the United Kingdom, and on July 15, 2011 in the United States. Production for the film began in September 2009 with John Lasseter announcing that they wanted to create a film that would \"\"transcend generations.\"\" The film also features six songs by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, as well as a rendition of the Sherman Brothers' \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\" theme song by actress and musician Zooey Deschanel. The film is dedicated to Dan Read, who had worked on Disney films including \"\"The Emperor's New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814484", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\"\n– Pixar have been pushing films well over 90 minutes for years now, and it's clear the children can handle it. Just as you really get into the film it's over, and you're left wanting more.\"\" Despite favorable reviews, \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\" only found modest success at the American box office, mainly because it opened on the same weekend as \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\". It earned $7,857,076 in its opening weekend from 2,405 single-screen locations, averaging about $3,267 per venue, and ranking No. 6 for the weekend. The film closed on September 22, 2011, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14660494", "chunk_text": "\"Royalty payment\"\nto administer the collection of royalties (which, as will shortly be seen, is in reality done by specialized companies). The publisher also licenses 'subpublishers' domestically and in other countries to similarly promote the music and administer the collection of royalties. In a fair publishing agreement, every 100 units of currency that flows to the publisher gets divided as follows: 50 units go to the songwriter and 50 units to the publisher minus operating and administrative fees and applicable taxes. However, the music writer obtains a further 25 units from the publisher's share, if the music writer retains a portion of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6163714", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\n\"\"Tales of Friendship with Winnie the Pooh\"\" was announced in Playhouse Disney for preschoolers kids produced TV series \"\"My Friends Tigger and Pooh\"\", Winnie-the-Pooh which coordination aired from American released this 2014. In April 2015, Deadline reported that Disney would develop a live action Winnie the Pooh movie with Brigham Taylor producing and Alex Ross Perry writing. The film focuses both on Pooh and the adult Christopher Robin returning to the Hundred Acre Woods and his reunion with Pooh and friends. \"\"Christopher Robin\"\" was released on August 3, 2018 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in the United States. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15309124", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (song)\"\nreason he gets his own introduction song, \"\"The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers\"\", when he first appears in \"\"Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day\"\". In the 2011 film \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\", Tigger is finally named in the song, after Kanga and Roo, saying: \"\"And Tigger, too.\"\" Winnie the Pooh (song) \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\" is the title song for the franchise of the same name. The songwriters are the Sherman Brothers, who have written the grand majority of Winnie the Pooh songs and musical numbers since 1966. It is musically emblematic of the most successful branding Disney currently owns and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033633", "chunk_text": "\"Paying public domain\"\nfee to be set by the members of Government responsible for culture and finance, with the purpose of promotion and cultural development and social assistance to Cape Verdean authors.\"\" Paying public domain Paying public domain (, ) is a copyright regime where copies, presentations or performances of a work that has entered the public domain are still subject to royalties, which are payable to the state or to an authors' association. The principle is that revenue from the work of long-dead artists should be used to support creativity of living artists. It may apply only to certain types of work,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10769593", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Slesinger Lasswell\"\nLasswell, a Reuben Award winning cartoonist and inventor, who drew the comic \"\"Barney Google and Snuffy Smith\"\". Lasswell also invented the first practical citrus harvester and created creative educational programs for schools. The couple remained married until Fred Lasswell's death in 2001. Stephen Slesinger created brands and trademarks for literary and cartoon characters. He is credited with creating the image of Winnie the Pooh in his red shirt when he obtained exclusive rights from A. A. Milne, beginning in 1930. In exchange, Milne received 3% of sales and 15% to 50% of other Pooh rights Slesinger would commercialize. Slesinger's rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2061161", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (comic strip)\"\nWinnie the Pooh (comic strip) Winnie the Pooh is a comic strip based on the characters created by A.A. Milne in his 1920s books, which ran from June 19, 1978, until April 2, 1988. Based on the Disney adaptations of the characters, the strip was written by Don Ferguson and drawn by Richard Moore, although the feature was usually billed as \"\"by Disney.\"\" To the established cast of characters, Ferguson and Moore added Sir Brian and the Dragon, inspired by characters from Milne's poetry. The strip originally was syndicated by King Features. Up until April 2010, Creators Syndicate offered reprints", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5431134", "chunk_text": "\"Royalty payment\"\nthe United States, which is administered by the Library of Congress. No person or entity, other than the copyright owner, can use or employ the music for gain without obtaining a license from the composer/songwriter. Inherently, as copyright, it confers on its owner, a distinctive \"\"bundle\"\" of five exclusive rights: Where the score and the lyric of a composition are contributions of different persons, each of them is an equal owner of such rights. These exclusivities have led to the evolution of distinct commercial terminology used in the music industry. They take four forms: With the advent of the internet,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15634282", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie-the-Pooh (book)\"\nby the Hungarian Lénárd Sándor (Alexander Lenard), \"\"Winnie ille Pu\"\", was first published in 1958, and, in 1960, became the first foreign-language book to be featured on the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Seller List, and the only book in Latin ever to have been featured therein. It was also translated into Esperanto in 1972, by Ivy Kellerman Reed and Ralph A. Lewin, \"\"Winnie-La-Pu\"\". The work was featured in the iBooks app for Apple's iOS as the \"\"starter\"\" book for the app. Following Disney's licensing of certain rights to Pooh from Stephen Slesinger and the A. A. Milne Estate in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15734329", "chunk_text": "\"Counterfeit consumer goods\"\nand counterfeit toys from China. Merchandise seized included knockoff toys featuring popular children's characters such as Winnie the Pooh, Dora the Explorer, SpongeBob SquarePants, Betty Boop, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Power Rangers, Spiderman, Tweety, Mickey Mouse and Pokemon. In 2017 the U.S. Customs and Border Protection seized $121,442 worth of counterfeit children’s toys that arrived into port from China and was destined for a North Carolina based importer.The shipment was found to contain multiple items bearing trademarks and copyrights registered to The Cartoon Network, Apple Inc., Saban Brands, and Danjaq, LLC. According to the U.S. FBI, the counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3458290", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)\"\nPooh\"\" (1977). Hal Smith (1980–1987) took over for the 1981 short \"\"Winnie the Pooh Discovers the Seasons\"\", and would maintain the role until Jim Cummings (1988–present) began voicing Pooh in the animated series \"\"The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\"\" (1988–1991). Cummings continues to voice Pooh (as well as Tigger) to this day. In 1961, Walt Disney Productions licensed certain film and other rights to the characters, stories and trademarks from Stephen Slesinger, Inc. and the estate of A. A. Milne. and made a series of cartoon films about him. The early cartoons were based on several of the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14554578", "chunk_text": "\"Deb Hoffmann\"\nDeb Hoffmann Deb Hoffmann (born March 27, 1965) who resides in Waukesha, Wisconsin is recognized by Guinness World Records as the having the Largest Winnie the Pooh and Friends Memorabilia Collection. In 2008 Hoffmann submitted her collection for adjudication to Guinness World Records and on January 17 received her first certificate for a collection totaling 3,891 unique items. The collection consists of items including clothes, jackets, watches, clocks, figurines, dishes, mugs, toys and plush stuffed characters. One plush in particular, a pre-Disney Piglet, was purchased from the daughter of actor Vincent Price. In deciding to keep her record current each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20506130", "chunk_text": "\"Universal Studios Beijing\"\nfrom Universal-owned assets such as \"\"Jurassic World\"\", \"\"King Kong\"\", \"\"Despicable Me\"\", \"\"Shrek\"\", \"\"Madagascar\"\", \"\"The Mummy\"\", \"\"Waterworld\"\", and \"\"The Fast and the Furious\"\", as well as third party properties such as \"\"Harry Potter\"\", \"\"Transformers\"\", \"\"Men in Black\"\", \"\"The Simpsons\"\", \"\"Sesame Street\"\", \"\"Peanuts\"\", and those based on books from Dr. Seuss Enterprises. Although Marvel Entertainment has a theme park agreement with Universal since 1994, it is highly unlikely that Universal would incorporate attractions based on Marvel Comics characters in Beijing, as Marvel is officially owned by The Walt Disney Company (Universal's major theme park rival) since 2009, so no future Universal theme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5415044", "chunk_text": "\"Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree\"\nthem over and over, and then many years later to my children, and now to my grandchildren.\"\" As early as 1938, Disney expressed interest in obtaining the film rights to the Pooh books by first corresponding with the literary agency Curtis Brown. In June 1961, Disney acquired the film rights. By 1964, Disney told his animation staff that he was planning to make a full-length animated feature film based on the books. A meeting was held with senior staff members to discuss the proposed film, and during the meeting, Disney decided not to make a feature film, but instead a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "609998", "chunk_text": "\"Chinese poker\"\nfront and back, loses one for losing middle and receives one as the overall unit for winning two out of three hands. In the 1-6 method, Bob would pay Amy one unit; again Amy receives two points for winning front and back and loses one for losing middle, but they do not receive any bonus units. Royalties, or bonuses as they are sometimes called, are extra units that may be awarded to players with particularly strong hands. Royalties must be declared prior to the revealing of the hands. Some hands and combinations of hands that are commonly awarded royalties are:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7468879", "chunk_text": "\"Advance against royalties\"\nthe $5,000, and royalty payments would be withheld until $5000 in royalties already paid had been earned — that is, until the publisher's takings from selling copies of the book reached $100,000; after that point the 5% royalty would be paid on any additional sales. In some business areas (e.g. film production), it is common practice for the licensee to demand repayment of any advance that is not covered by royalties, whereas in others (e.g. book publication) this practice is unusual. Advance against royalties In the field of intellectual property licensing, an advance against royalties is a payment made by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7472982", "chunk_text": "\"Royalty payment\"\nso, it is an amorphous colloquial commercial term of acceptance. Synchronization royalties (\"\"sync licenses\"\") are paid for the use of copyrighted music in (largely) audiovisual productions, such as in DVDs, movies, and advertisements. Music used in news tracks are also synch licenses. Synchronization can extend to live media performances, such as plays and live theatre. They become extremely important for new media - the usage of music in the form of mp3, wav, flac files and for usage in webcasts, embedded media in microchips (e.g. karaoke), etc. but the legal conventions are yet to be drawn. Synchronization royalties are due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_125	all the motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are?	n/a	[ "efferent nerves", "Somatic motor neurons", "Somatic" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13073911", "chunk_text": "\"Motor unit\"\nMotor unit A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals. Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the motor units within a muscle are considered a motor pool. The concept was proposed by Charles Scott Sherrington. All muscle fibres in a motor unit are of the same fibre type. When a motor unit is activated, all of its fibres contract. In vertebrates, the force of a muscle contraction is controlled by the number of activated motor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20276996", "chunk_text": "\"Motor pool (neuroscience)\"\neach motor pool is tightly controlled by complex developmental pathways. Distinct skeletal muscles are controlled by groups of individual motor units. Such motor units are made up of a single motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Motor neurons are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the brainstem. These neurons innervate skeletal muscle fibers through the propagation of action potentials down their axons (through ventral roots and cranial nerves), and they stimulate skeletal muscle fibers at neuromuscular junctions where they synapse with the motor end plates of muscle fibers. In humans, these axons can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2587827", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nMotor neuron A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. There are two types of motor neuron – upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Axons from upper motor neurons synapse onto interneurons in the spinal cord and occasionally directly onto lower motor neurons. The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11459390", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\ncategories: Somatic motor neurons originate in the central nervous system, project their axons to skeletal muscles (such as the muscles of the limbs, abdominal, and intercostal muscles), which are involved in locomotion. The three types of these neurons are the \"\"alpha efferent neurons\"\", \"\"beta efferent neurons\"\", and \"\"gamma efferent neurons\"\". They are called efferent to indicate the flow of information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the periphery. In addition to voluntary skeletal muscle contraction, alpha motor neurons also contribute to muscle tone, the continuous force generated by noncontracting muscle to oppose stretching. When a muscle is stretched, sensory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18433739", "chunk_text": "\"Alpha motor neuron\"\nAlpha motor neuron Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system—a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend into the periphery to innervate skeletal muscles. An alpha motor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843090", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nmuscles react to reflexive nerve stimuli that do not always send signals all the way to the brain. In this case, the signal from the afferent fiber does not reach the brain, but produces the reflexive movement by direct connections with the efferent nerves in the spine. However, the majority of muscle activity is volitional, and the result of complex interactions between various areas of the brain. Nerves that control skeletal muscles in mammals correspond with neuron groups along the primary motor cortex of the brain's cerebral cortex. Commands are routed though the basal ganglia and are modified by input", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15304913", "chunk_text": "\"Skeletal muscle\"\nSkeletal muscle Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. It is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. A skeletal muscle refers to multiple bundles (fascicles) of cells joined together called muscle fibers. The fibres and muscles are surrounded by connective tissue layers called fasciae. Muscle fibres, or muscle cells, are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts in a process known as myogenesis. Muscle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2587838", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nPNS, which synapses onto the muscle. All vertebrate motor neurons are cholinergic, that is, they release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Parasympathetic ganglionic neurons are also cholinergic, whereas most sympathetic ganglionic neurons are noradrenergic, that is, they release the neurotransmitter noradrenaline. (see Table) Motor neuron A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. There are two types of motor neuron – upper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17014352", "chunk_text": "\"Alpha motor neuron\"\nneuron and the muscle fibers it innervates is a motor unit. A motor neuron pool contains the cell bodies of all the alpha motor neurons involved in contracting a single muscle. Alpha motor neurons (α-MNs) innervating the head and neck are found in the brainstem; the remaining α-MNs innervate the rest of the body and are found in the spinal cord. There are more α-MNs in the spinal cord than in the brainstem, as the number of α-MNs is directly proportional to the amount of fine motor control in that muscle. For example, the muscles of a single finger have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2497903", "chunk_text": "Brain\nto extract the relevant features, and integrated with signals coming from other sensory systems. Motor systems are areas of the brain that are involved in initiating body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Spinal motor neurons are controlled both by neural circuits intrinsic to the spinal cord, and by inputs that descend from the brain. The intrinsic spinal circuits implement many reflex responses, and contain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20276995", "chunk_text": "\"Motor pool (neuroscience)\"\nMotor pool (neuroscience) A motor pool consists of all individual motor neurons that innervate a single muscle. Each individual muscle fiber is innervated by only one motor neuron, but one motor neuron may innervate several muscle fibers. This distinction is physiologically significant because the size of a given motor pool determines the activity of the muscle it innervates: for example, muscles responsible for finer movements are innervated by motor pools consisting of higher numbers of individual motor neurons. Motor pools are also distinguished by the different classes of motor neurons that they contain. The size, composition, and anatomical location of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2587837", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nmuscle and smooth muscles of the viscera ( the muscles of the arteries): they synapse onto neurons located in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which themselves directly innervate visceral muscles (and also some gland cells). In consequence, the motor command of skeletal and branchial muscles is \"\"monosynaptic\"\" involving only one motor neuron, either \"\"somatic\"\" or \"\"branchial\"\", which synapses onto the muscle. Comparatively, the command of visceral muscles is \"\"disynaptic\"\" involving two neurons: the \"\"general visceral motor neuron\"\", located in the CNS, synapses onto a ganglionic neuron, located in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461630", "chunk_text": "\"Motor nerve\"\nboth sensory and motor nerves called mixed nerves. Motor nerve fibers transduce signals from the CNS to peripheral neurons of proximal muscle tissue. Motor nerve axon terminals innervate skeletal and smooth muscle, as they are heavily involved in muscle control. Motor nerves tend to be rich in Acetylcholine vesicles because the motor nerve, a bundle of motor nerve axons that deliver motor signals and signal for movement and motor control. Calcium vesicles reside in the axon terminals of the motor nerve bundles. The high calcium concentration outside of presynaptic motor nerves increases the size of EPPs (End-Plate potentials). Within motor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14213214", "chunk_text": "\"Somatic nervous system\"\nSomatic nervous system The somatic nervous system (SNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves. Afferent nerves are responsible for relaying sensation from the body to the central nervous system; efferent nerves are responsible for sending out commands from the CNS to the body, stimulating muscle contraction; they include all the non-sensory neurons connected with skeletal muscles and skin. The \"\"a-\"\" of \"\"afferent\"\" and the \"\"e-\"\" of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11556979", "chunk_text": "\"Muscular system\"\nMuscular system The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body. The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous. Together with the skeletal system, it forms the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for movement of the human body. There are three distinct types of muscles: skeletal muscles, cardiac or heart muscles, and smooth (non-striated) muscles. Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement and heat for the body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15962583", "chunk_text": "\"Muscular system\"\na single, short muscle contraction called a muscle twitch. If there is a problem at the neuromuscular junction, a very prolonged contraction may occur, such as the muscle contractions that result from tetanus. Also, a loss of function at the junction can produce paralysis. Skeletal muscles are organized into hundreds of motor units, each of which involves a motor neuron, attached by a series of thin finger-like structures called axon terminals. These attach to and control discrete bundles of muscle fibers. A coordinated and fine tuned response to a specific circumstance will involve controlling the precise number of motor units", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2587828", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nspinal cord to the effectors. Types of lower motor neurons are alpha motor neurons, beta motor neurons, and gamma motor neurons. A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibres and a muscle fibre can undergo many action potentials in the time taken for a single muscle twitch. As a result, if an action potential arrives before a twitch has completed, the twitches can superimpose on one another, either through summation or a tetanic contraction. In summation, the muscle is stimulated repetitively such that additional action potentials coming from the somatic nervous system arrive before the end of the twitch.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20276997", "chunk_text": "\"Motor pool (neuroscience)\"\nbe as long as one meter. Motor neurons themselves fall into three main classes: alpha-motor neurons control extrafusal muscle fibers, meaning that they innervate skeletal muscles leading to movement; gamma-motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers, controlling the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch; beta-motor neurons are capable of synapsing on either type of muscle fiber. Alpha-motor neurons can further be divided into three separate subclasses, distinguished according to the contractile properties of the motor units that they form: fast-twitch fatigable (FF), fast-twitch fatigue-resistant (FR), and slow-twitch fatigue-resistant (S). The composition of a motor pool may consist of multiple classes and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15962587", "chunk_text": "\"Muscular system\"\nprovide energy for exercises lasting up to ten seconds. Recovery is very quick, with full creatine stores regenerated within five minutes. Multiple diseases can affect the muscular system. Muscular system The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body. The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous. Together with the skeletal system, it forms the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for movement of the human body.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2702657", "chunk_text": "\"Extrafusal muscle fiber\"\nExtrafusal muscle fiber Extrafusal muscle fibers are the skeletal standard muscle fibers that are innervated by alpha motor neurons and generate tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal movement. They make up the large mass of skeletal muscle tissue and are attached to bone by fibrous tissue extensions (tendons). Each alpha motor neuron and the extrafusal muscle fibers innervated by it make up a motor unit. The connection between the alpha motor neuron and the extrafusal muscle fiber is a neuromuscular junction, where the neuron's signal, the action potential, is transduced to the muscle fiber by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Extrafusal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17249158", "chunk_text": "\"Efferent nerve fiber\"\nare involved in muscle control, both skeletal and smooth muscle. The cell body of the motor neuron is connected to a single, long axon and several shorter dendrites projecting out of the cell body itself. This axon then forms a neuromuscular junction with the effectors. The cell body of the motor neuron is satellite-shaped. The motor neuron is present in the grey matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, and forms an electrochemical pathway to the effector organ or muscle. Besides motor nerves, there are efferent sensory nerves that often serve to adjust the sensitivity of the signal relayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15566650", "chunk_text": "\"Lower motor neuron\"\nLower motor neuron Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are motor neurons located in either the anterior grey column, anterior nerve roots (spinal lower motor neurons) or the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves with motor function (cranial nerve lower motor neurons). All voluntary movement relies on spinal lower motor neurons, which innervate skeletal muscle fibers and act as a link between upper motor neurons and muscles. Cranial nerve lower motor neurons control movements of the eyes, face and tongue, and contribute to chewing, swallowing and vocalization. Damage to the lower motor neurons can lead to flaccid paralysis, absent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1572681", "chunk_text": "\"Beta motor neuron\"\nBeta motor neuron Beta motor neurons (β motor neurons), also called beta motoneurons, are a kind of lower motor neuron, along with alpha motor neurons and gamma motor neurons. Beta motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles with collaterals to extrafusal fibers - a type of slow twitch fiber. Also, axons of alpha, beta, and gamma motor neurons become myelinated. Moreover, these efferent neurons originate from the anterior grey column of the spinal cord and travel to skeletal muscles. However, the larger diameter alpha motor fibers require higher conduction velocity than beta and gamma. There are two kinds of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3486882", "chunk_text": "\"Skeletal muscle\"\nEMG recordings during the main experimental testing for that same skeletal muscle. B. K. Pedersen and her colleagues have conducted research showing that skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ by secreting cytokines and other peptides, now referred to as myokines. Myokines in turn are believed to mediate the health benefits of exercise. Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. It is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814928", "chunk_text": "\"Human musculoskeletal system\"\nOnly skeletal and smooth muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system and only the skeletal muscles can move the body. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are used only to circulate blood; like the smooth muscles, these muscles are not under conscious control. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and arranged in opposing groups around joints. Muscles are innervated, to communicate nervous energy to, by nerves, which conduct electrical currents from the central nervous system and cause the muscles to contract. In mammals, when a muscle contracts, a series of reactions occur. Muscle contraction is stimulated by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8436065", "chunk_text": "\"Motor cortex\"\nthe muscle force. Each point in motor cortex controls a muscle or a small group of related muscles. This description is only partly correct. Most neurons in the motor cortex that project to the spinal cord synapse on interneuron circuitry in the spinal cord, not directly onto motor neurons. One suggestion is that the direct, cortico-motoneuronal projections are a specialization that allows for the fine control of the fingers. The view that each point in motor cortex controls a muscle or a limited set of related muscles was debated over the entire history of research on the motor cortex, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14745570", "chunk_text": "\"Upper motor neuron\"\ntracts. The upper motor neuron descends in the spinal cord to the level of the appropriate spinal nerve root. At this point, the upper motor neuron synapses with the lower motor neuron, each of whose axons innervate a fiber of skeletal muscle. These neurons connect the brain to the appropriate level in the spinal cord, from which point nerve signals continue to the muscles by means of the lower motor neurons. The neurotransmitter glutamate transmits the nerve impulses from upper to lower motor neurons, where it is detected by glutamatergic receptors. Upper motor neurons travel in several neural pathways through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9714468", "chunk_text": "\"Motor control\"\neating dinner, all require multiple muscles that innervate body parts to move properly to complete specific tasks. Motor units that consist of tens, hundreds or even thousands of motor nerve branches are connected to the muscles. In our body, Rectus femoris contains approximately 1 million muscle fibers, which are controlled by around 1000 motor nerves. Within one motor unit—which can be categorized as type I (slow twitch) or Type II fibers (fast twitch)—the composition type of the muscle fiber is consistent (homogeneous). Within one muscle, however, are several different combinations of two types of motor units (heterogeneous). There are three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3240777", "chunk_text": "\"Motor unit plasticity\"\nMotor unit plasticity The motor unit consists of a voluntary alpha motoneuron and all of the collective muscle fibers that it controls, known as the effector muscle. The alpha motoneuron communicates with acetylcholine receptors on the motor end plate of the effector muscle. Reception of acetylcholine neurotransmitters on the motor end plate causes contraction of that effector muscle. Motor unit plasticity is defined as the ability of motoneurons and their respective effector muscles to physically and functionally change as a result of activity, age, and other factors. Motor unit plasticity has implications for improved athletic performance and resistance to immobility", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9714470", "chunk_text": "\"Motor control\"\ncertain task, the brain sends an impulse signal that reaches the specific motor unit through the spinal cord. After receiving the signal from the brain, the motor unit contracts muscle fibers within the group to create movement. There is no partial firing in the motor unit, meaning, once the signal is detected, all the muscles fibers within the unit contract. However, there are different intensities. Since each motor unit contracts 100% of its fiber once stimulated, types of motor units that generate different force or speed are significant. For low intensity tasks, smaller motor units with fewer muscle fibers are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843127", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nMuscle Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion. They are primarily responsible for maintaining and changing posture, locomotion, as well as movement of internal organs, such as the contraction of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system via peristalsis. Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843074", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nMuscle Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion. They are primarily responsible for maintaining and changing posture, locomotion, as well as movement of internal organs, such as the contraction of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system via peristalsis. Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843086", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nformed from the somatic lateral plate mesoderm. Myoblasts follow chemical signals to the appropriate locations, where they fuse into elongate skeletal muscle cells. The three types of muscle (skeletal, cardiac and smooth) have significant differences. However, all three use the movement of actin against myosin to create contraction. In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves, the motoneurons (motor nerves) in particular. Cardiac and smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by internal pacemaker cells which regularly contract, and propagate contractions to other muscle cells they are in contact with. All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15962582", "chunk_text": "\"Muscular system\"\nsmooth muscles. Neuromuscular junctions are the focal point where a motor neuron attaches to a muscle. Acetylcholine, (a neurotransmitter used in skeletal muscle contraction) is released from the axon terminal of the nerve cell when an action potential reaches the microscopic junction called a synapse. A group of chemical messengers cross the synapse and stimulate the formation of electrical changes, which are produced in the muscle cell when the acetylcholine binds to receptors on its surface. Calcium is released from its storage area in the cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum. An impulse from a nerve cell causes calcium release and brings about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11459386", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nThe twitches thus superimpose on one another, leading to a force greater than that of a single twitch. A tetanic contraction is caused by constant, very high frequency stimulation - the action potentials come at such a rapid rate that individual twitches are indistinguishable, and tension rises smoothly eventually reaching a plateau. Motor neurons begin to develop early in embryonic development, and motor function continues to develop well into childhood. In the neural tube cells are specified to either the rostral-caudal axis or ventral-dorsal axis. The axons of motor neurons begin to appear in the fourth week of development from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843089", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nthe former, the insertion point is positioned to maximize force (for digging), while in the latter, the insertion point is positioned to maximize speed (for running). The efferent leg of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for conveying commands to the muscles and glands, and is ultimately responsible for voluntary movement. Nerves move muscles in response to voluntary and autonomic (involuntary) signals from the brain. Deep muscles, superficial muscles, and internal muscles all correspond with dedicated regions in the primary motor cortex of the brain, directly anterior to the central sulcus that divides the frontal and parietal lobes. In addition,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19778974", "chunk_text": "\"Muscle contraction\"\nbody that produce sustained contractions. Cardiac muscle make up the heart, which pumps blood. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are called striated muscle because of their striped appearance under a microscope, which is due to the highly organized alternating pattern of A bands and I bands. Excluding reflexes, all skeletal muscles contractions occur as a result of conscious effort originating in the brain. The brain sends electrochemical signals through the nervous system to the motor neuron that innervates several muscle fibers. In the case of some reflexes, the signal to contract can originate in the spinal cord through a feedback loop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3486868", "chunk_text": "\"Skeletal muscle\"\nits axis. In addition to the actin and myosin components that constitute the sarcomere, skeletal muscle fibers also contain two other important regulatory proteins, troponin and tropomyosin, that are necessary for muscle contraction to occur. These proteins are associated with actin and cooperate to prevent its interaction with myosin. Skeletal muscle cells are excitable and are subject to depolarization by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released at the neuromuscular junction by motor neurons. Once a cell is sufficiently stimulated, the cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum releases ionic calcium (Ca2+), which then interacts with the regulatory protein troponin. Calcium-bound troponin undergoes a conformational change that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408215", "chunk_text": "Myosin\nto muscle cells (hence \"\"myo-\"\"(s) + \"\"-in\"\"), there is no single \"\"myosin\"\"; rather it is a very large superfamily of genes whose protein products share the basic properties of actin binding, ATP hydrolysis (ATPase enzyme activity), and force transduction. Virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin isoforms. Some isoforms have specialized functions in certain cell types (such as muscle), while other isoforms are ubiquitous. The structure and function of myosin is globally conserved across species, to the extent that rabbit muscle myosin II will bind to actin from an amoeba. Most myosin molecules are composed of a head, neck, and tail", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408214", "chunk_text": "Myosin\nMyosin Myosins () are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes. They are ATP-dependent and responsible for actin-based motility. The term was originally used to describe a group of similar ATPases found in the cells of both striated muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue. Following the discovery by Pollard and Korn (1973) of enzymes with myosin-like function in \"\"Acanthamoeba castellanii\"\", a global range of divergent myosin genes have been discovered throughout the realm of eukaryotes. Although myosin was originally thought to be restricted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2587836", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nof a muscle fiber to a neurotransmitter can only be excitatory, in other words, contractile. Muscle relaxation and inhibition of muscle contraction in vertebrates is obtained only by inhibition of the motor neuron itself. This is how muscle relaxants work by acting on the motor neurons that innervate muscles (by decreasing their electrophysiological activity) or on cholinergic neuromuscular junctions, rather than on the muscles themselves. These are also known as \"\"branchial motor neurons\"\", which are involved in facial expression, mastication, phonation, and swallowing. Associated cranial nerves are the oculomotor, abducens, trochlear, and hypoglossal nerves. These motor neurons indirectly innervate cardiac", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117202", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nthe spinal cord via descending spinal cord tracts. Descending tracts involve two neurons: the upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN). A nerve signal travels down the upper motor neuron until it synapses with the lower motor neuron in the spinal cord. Then, the lower motor neuron conducts the nerve signal to the spinal root where efferent nerve fibers carry the motor signal toward the target muscle. The descending tracts are composed of white matter. There are several descending tracts serving different functions. The corticospinal tracts (lateral and anterior) are responsible for coordinated limb movements. A congenital disorder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843092", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nspace is called proprioception, the perception of body awareness, the \"\"unconscious\"\" awareness of where the various regions of the body are located at any one time. Several areas in the brain coordinate movement and position with the feedback information gained from proprioception. The cerebellum and red nucleus in particular continuously sample position against movement and make minor corrections to assure smooth motion. Muscular activity accounts for much of the body's energy consumption. All muscle cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules which are used to power the movement of the myosin heads. Muscles have a short-term store of energy in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9326248", "chunk_text": "\"Motor nerve\"\ncord ipsilaterally, on the same side, and exit the spinal cord at the ventral horn of the spinal cord on either side. Motor nerves communicate with the muscle cells they innervate through motor neurons once they exit the spinal cord. Motor nerves can vary based on the subtype of motor neuron they are associate with. Alpha motor neurons target extrafusal muscle fibers. The motor nerves associated with these neurons innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers and are responsible for muscle contraction. These nerve fibers have the largest diameter of the motor neurons and require the highest conduction velocity of the three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18433767", "chunk_text": "\"Alpha motor neuron\"\nspontaneous, involuntary muscle contractions. Diseases that impair signaling between α-MNs and extrafusal muscle fibers, namely diseases of the neuromuscular junction have similar signs to those that occur with α-MN disease. For example, myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that prevents signaling across the neuromuscular junction, which results in functional denervation of muscle. Alpha motor neuron Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998767", "chunk_text": "\"Gamma motor neuron\"\nGamma motor neuron A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron, is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process of muscle contraction, and represents about 30% of (Aγ) fibers going to the muscle. Like alpha motor neurons, their cell bodies are located in the anterior grey column of the spinal cord. They receive input from the reticular formation of the pons in the brainstem. Their axons are smaller than those of the alpha motor neurons, with a diameter of only 5 μm. Unlike the alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons do not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1010203", "chunk_text": "Neuron\nof stimulus such as touch, sound, or light and all other stimuli affecting the cells of the sensory organs, and converts it into an electrical signal via transduction, which is then sent to the spinal cord or brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to control everything from muscle contractions to glandular output. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord in neural networks. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The term neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843075", "chunk_text": "Muscle\nthree types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth. Muscle action can be classified as being either voluntary or involuntary. Cardiac and smooth muscles contract without conscious thought and are termed involuntary, whereas the skeletal muscles contract upon command. Skeletal muscles in turn can be divided into fast and slow twitch fibers. Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. These chemical reactions produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules that are used to power the movement of the myosin heads. The term muscle is derived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10843085", "chunk_text": "Muscle\ntwo sections, the epimere and hypomere, which form epaxial and hypaxial muscles, respectively. The only epaxial muscles in humans are the erector spinae and small intervertebral muscles, and are innervated by the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves. All other muscles, including those of the limbs are hypaxial, and inervated by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves. During development, myoblasts (muscle progenitor cells) either remain in the somite to form muscles associated with the vertebral column or migrate out into the body to form all other muscles. Myoblast migration is preceded by the formation of connective tissue frameworks, usually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19289454", "chunk_text": "\"Motor system\"\nMotor system The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement. It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system. The pyramidal motor system, also called the pyramidal tract or the corticospinal tract, start in the motor center of the cerebral cortex. There are upper and lower motor neurons in the corticospinal tract. The motor impulses originate in the giant pyramidal cells or Betz cells of the motor area; i.e., precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex. These are the upper motor neurons (UMN) of the corticospinal tract. The axons of these cells pass in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_126	genre of diary of a wimpy kid the getaway?	n/a	[ "Children's novel", "Graphic Novel" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628681", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released on November 7, 2017. When Greg Heffley's family try to prepare for Christmas, Greg's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales after seeing an ad for it, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376815", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nis the 12th book in the series, and was released everywhere except Canada and China on November 7, 2017. A week since its release, it has received 4.5/5 stars on Waterstones with 786 reviews. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376807", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nteen zone. Greg takes Manny to the Toddler's Cabana, but Manny gets out of going there because he is not potty trained. He puts Manny in the pool but has to get him out again later. Susan booked a charter cruise for the whole family due in thirty minutes. On the cruise (which turns out to be a regular glass-bottomed boat), the captain offers them to go scuba diving. Greg is freaked out by all of the deadly animals, including the venomous box jellyfish, and only stays in for one photo. As he surfaces, he swallows a big gulp of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8649121", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. The book is about a boy named Greg Heffley and his struggles to fit in as he begins middle school. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" first appeared on FunBrain in 2004, where it was read 20 million times. The abridged hardcover adaptation was released on April 1, 2007. The book was named a \"\"New York Times\"\" bestseller, among other awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376802", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nbelongs to another family. They call the airline and discover that their bag was sent back home. They only have the clothes they put in their carry-on luggage. They attempt to buy some new clothes, but Frank won't buy them as they are too expensive.The family goes to explore the resort and end up at the pool. Greg is about to doze off when The Director of Fun shows up, and gets everybody moving. Greg is forced to take part in two games (a conga line and a \"\"Treasure Dive\"\"). After this, Greg sees an iguana by the pool and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628690", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nhis business trips to sit in first class. In the economy, Mom, Rodrick, and Manny are seated in the right row. Greg finds out he has two extra seats to himself until a couple with a baby arrives late on board. The couple sits on either side of him with their baby. Greg becomes paranoid when he watches the plane's safety video and begins to ask questions about unfortunate events. Greg is very aggravated of the other passengers because most aren't watching the safety video. Mid-flight, he feels boxed in when the people in front recline and the person behind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628689", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nIt turns out their flight is delayed. Greg goes to dry his sock but destroys it while doing so. He hears that the flight is overbooked, but Susan Heffley (Greg's mom) stops him from volunteering to get off the plane in exchange of an airport hotel stay and $300 (later increased to $500). A replacement crew for the plane is required and they wait one last time, and then finally board. Greg is first impressed by the plane's first class seats before he discovers that they have to sit in economy. However, Frank collected enough air miles because of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376813", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nby before the police boat arrives, but manages to swim to shore. He ends up on the Wild Side (couple) of the beach and lands on a private beach. Greg runs for the wall dividing the two sides; just where his family was passing. Greg tries to climb over the wall separating the two sides, but it is destroyed by a stampede of Mild Side tourists. The family escapes unnoticed and heads to the airport. When they get back, Greg wants to show Rowley where he went to for his Christmas holidays. He discovers that he and his family has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984920", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\ndown and began to head to the resort, Isla de Corales (Coral Island in English). He is even excited by the activities the resort offer which he sees on the bus. However, Frank and Susan are disappointed that the resort has since changed, and it is now split with a family side (the Mild Side) and a couple side (the Wild Side) and the hotel Frank and Susan (Greg's mom) stayed during their honeymoon is now in the Wild Side. The family has to stay to a different hotel. The family also discovers that they got one bag accidentally that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19825296", "chunk_text": "Poptropica\nPoptropica Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"\"Poptropica\"\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as Creative Director. In the game, players can go to different 'islands' (game quest scenarios), compete in multiplayer games, and communicate with each other. The islands all have various difficulties, but all center on a problem that the player must resolve by going through multiple obstacles or completing goals. All", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376806", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nhis favorite cartoons and throws the remote in the water. Greg goes to the arcade, and the family regroups later to find Rodrick. The same girl he helped earlier is now his girlfriend. In the evening, they go to the beach bonfire and go to see turtles hatching. Just as they are prepared to leave, they begin to hatch, but the turtles lose their way to the sea as people are using the flashes on their phones to take photos. The next day, Susan goes to the spa and Frank goes to the gym. Rodrick then goes back to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628691", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nslides his feet on Greg's armrest. Greg tries to recline his chair too but when he asks the flight attendant how he learns that he can't because the row behind him is an emergency exit. He tries to swap seats with Frank but Rodrick beats him to it. He stays in the bathroom because the couple's baby starts to annoy him, but then he returns to his seat after experiencing turbulence. He somehow was able to sleep for the rest of the flight. As they land on Christmas Day, Greg begins to understand why the family came there. They touch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9315004", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first, , , and installments have been adapted into films by 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984917", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nheavy, so they stuff some clothes into their carry-on baggage. They enter the line for security, but a child unclips a few zip-barriers separating the lines, and everybody gets scrambled. Greg's family ends up at the back of the line. They go through security and are delayed again by somebody who has to remove all of his metal piercings. Manny Heffley, Greg's younger brother, then gets his stuffed animal stuck in an escalator, delaying them more. As a result, the family panic, and grab their luggage. They use a vehicle for handicapped people to get to their gate in time.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14958168", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nbook. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley (Dad), Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley (Mom), Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, and Connor & Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Greg's brother. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376803", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nis worried, so the family goes to get some lunch. Greg and his family try to eat outside; however, too many birds and bugs keep ruining their meals. Frank gets diarrhea, so they head back to the suite. The next day, Greg uses the shower which is outside. As he puts on his slipper, a giant spider falls out. Greg has an intense fear of spiders. As a result, he calls room service, but the waiter who answers says that there is a do not disturb sign on the doorknob. The waiter says he has to order food for someone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215828", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron. Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chloë Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series, and was followed by three sequels, \"\"\"\" (2011), \"\"\"\" (2012) and \"\"\"\" (2017). The film earned $75.7 million on a $15 million budget.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628682", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nresort they stayed at while on their honeymoon, much to Greg's dismay, as he does not like the idea of skipping Christmas.On Christmas Eve they drive to the airport but are delayed by a series of mishaps. They encounter holiday traffic but arrive at the airport. As they fail to unload in time at the drop off zone, Greg's father, Frank Heffley, and Greg have to return later with the luggage. Greg steps in a slush puddle and they end up missing the shuttle. They are forced to walk to their terminal. In the airport, the family's suitcases are too", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984927", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nand notice Rodrick isn't there. He had been left in the sea where they went snorkeling and had sun poisoning. They return to the suite and decide to spend their last few days outdoors. The next day, Greg goes to the tennis court in hopes of learning how to play tennis. Unfortunately, the counselor, Rodrigo, locks them in, and Greg realizes that it was a way to get kids out of their parents hair and just a cage full of children with a ball machine and tennis balls. It turns into a free-for-all, which stops suddenly when one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376812", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nthat they can leave on a high note. So they sneak in. They skip the pool and then run into Rodrick's girlfriend with a man named Rodrigo (the counselor). They take a photo. They go back to the beach and steal some food by distracting others and then eating their food. They go to take one more photo but are spotted by the family who they took clothes from.The Heffleys try to escape the resort. Greg heads to the beach and windsurfs away pursued by the police. He gets stuck in the dolphin swimming area, something he is initially delighted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11971942", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\na chance to be cruel to Greg. He is known for sleeping excessively in the morning and for his rebellious attitude. Rodrick is part of a basement band (garage band in the movies) called \"\"Löded Diper\"\". Rodrick will do anything to embarrass Greg and will even cause problems for Manny to make everyone's life miserable. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" is the first book in an ongoing franchise. The second, \"\"\"\", was released February 1, 2008, and was listed on the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Sellers list for 117 weeks. \"\"\"\", the third book in the series, released on January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15346233", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and is the ninth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. On April 28, 2014, Kinney announced the book's name and its cover color. The book was released on November 5, 2014 in the UK. After summer vacation starts, Greg's mother Susan announces that the family is going on a surprise road trip, despite her mistake on using a visit to Aunt Loretta to hide a surprise trip to Disney World in previous years,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19724878", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever is a 2011 bestselling and award-winning children's book and the sixth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series, written by American author Jeff Kinney. The book was released on November 15, 2011 and was the fastest-selling book of 2011, giving him the third-strongest opening-week sales for a children's author. \"\"Cabin Fever\"\" had a first printing run of six million copies, which Amulet Books stated was one of their most significant titles for that year. In 2012 Kinney won a \"\"Best Author\"\" \"\"Children's Choice Award\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5339327", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\nor lastly, flush it down the toilet and forget about everything that happened. A sequel was announced in late March 2015, with the title, color, and cover of the book revealed on April 27, 2015. The sequel is called \"\"\"\", and was released on November 3, 2015. A film adaptation of the book, starring Jason Drucker as Greg Heffley, was released on May 19, 2017. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and is the ninth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215829", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nIt is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal, who was replaced by David Bowers for the rest of the installments. The film was theatrically released on March 19, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. Greg Heffley, a small 11 year old who constantly fights with his teenage brother Rodrick and younger brother Manny, is apprehensive about beginning middle school. On his first day, he quickly discovers the ups and downs, such as the missing stall doors in the boys' bathroom and the difficulties of obtaining a seat during lunch. During P.E. class,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14958165", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nYears\"\". Kochman brought it before the Abrams publishing board, which convinced Kinney and Kochman that it would be better aimed toward children. In 2007, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", an abridged version of the original online book, was published. The main character, Greg, has trouble with family, friends, and his local middle school. He is very concerned about how popular he is at school, and he daydreams a lot about being rich and famous when he grows up. He tries to fit in at his school, but usually he does not succeed. Facing many challenges, Greg attempts to handle them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20674117", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Kinney (author)\"\nthe series won a \"\"Nickelodeon Kids Choice Award\"\" for \"\"Favorite Book\"\". Kinney works full-time as a writer and designer of online games. He also created the kid-friendly website \"\"Poptropica\"\". The Poptropica includes two islands called \"\"Wimpy Wonderland\"\" and \"\"Wimpy Boardwalk\"\", where the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" characters and events are featured in the \"\"Poptropica\"\" universe. The \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series has over 200 million copies in print worldwide as of 2018 and was developed into feature films for which Kinney served as executive producer. Kinney had also wrote a section for Guys Read which is a book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1141423", "chunk_text": "\"Jess Brallier\"\nJess Brallier Jess M. Brallier (born May 31, 1953) is a publisher working in various media, genres, and formats, such as bestselling books, popular web sites, apps, and virtual worlds including Poptropica, one of the Internet's largest virtual worlds for kids. He helped launch bestselling brands such as Diary of a Wimpy Kid and Galactic Hot Dogs; and extended the Poptropica brand into toys, global education, and books. He is also the author or co-author of 31 books, including Lawyers and Other Reptiles. Jess Brallier initially held marketing positions for trade book publishers, including Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Little Brown, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376810", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nkids recognizes Greg as the kid who brought the box jellyfish during the episode. He tries to tell them that it was Manny's fault, but they don't understand and attack him. He quickly escapes the cage and goes back to the suite with his family. They were out of things to do and want to leave the resort early; however, Frank refuses to leave until he gets a decent meal. Manny makes the suitcase fall and break, which has the clothes they need to get in the clubhouse. They each wear some of the clothes in there; the first head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4478912", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Heffley\"\nGreg Heffley Gregory \"\"Greg\"\" Heffley is a fictional character and the protagonist of the realistic fiction novel series \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" created by American cartoonist Jeff Kinney. He serves as the antihero and unreliable narrator of the series. Greg Heffley is mischievous, lazy, paranoid, arrogant, and dishonest. He is known to become jealous easily. He also tends to be a poor friend, something even he agrees with. He doesn't like taking the blame for negative events, and attempts to twist any situation he can in his favor, so that he may go up his \"\"popularity ladder.\"\" Despite all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984923", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nto come. The waiter who arrives is also scared of spiders. Eventually, they manage to trap the spider and flush it down the toilet. The family heads to the beach without Frank as he is still at the suite. He returns, however, and reveals that he found the same spider that Greg attempted to flush away on the toilet seat. Manny develops an obsession with collecting sea creatures in his bucket so he can have them as pets. Unfortunately, he is upset by Susan when she returns them, so they go to the activities. Before this, they have to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13560964", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down is the eleventh book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2016 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event. The book was published on November 1, 2016. The real book trailer was released on October 17, 2016. At the beginning of the book, Greg Heffley can be seen talking about thoughts of his life being a reality TV show: his brothers (Rodrick and Manny), and all the other people in his life are just actors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "727708", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth is a 2010 bestselling children's fiction book by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney and is the fifth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. \"\"The Ugly Truth\"\" sold 548,000 copies in its initial week of publication, edging out Decision Points, which sold 437,000 copies. Kinney initially struggled with the decision of whether Greg would be a non-aging \"\"cartoon character\"\" or a literary character that would age and go through puberty, deciding to make puberty one of the book's themes. Kinney also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376808", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nwater. He thinks a seahorse was in there too: so they return to the resort to see a doctor. Frank and Susan were both seasick, so they just return to the poolside. They see the Director of Fun, who keeps circling their chair, but suddenly stops at a clear plastic bag in Manny's bucket. It is actually a box jellyfish which Manny smuggled from the scuba diving, in which the Director of Fun launches it back into the pool in fear. Because the pool workers couldn't find the jellyfish, they have to drain the pool. They escape in the commotion,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376805", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nRodrick, who has been in the teen zone helping a girl get her lip ring out of the volleyball net. They first try the banana boat, but this is ruined when a kid using a water trampoline lands on it and bursts their float. They get hungry, so they go to the golf clubhouse which turns them down as they are not following the dress code. They go to the swim-up bar and learn of a monkey which has been returning there for drinks every day. They are chased away when Manny finds the TV remote, changes the channel to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308573", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nLong Haul\"\" was released on May 19, 2017, and is the first film to feature an entirely new cast. Jason Drucker and Charlie Wright portray Greg and Rodrick Heffley, and Tom Everett Scott and Alicia Silverstone as their parents, Frank and Susan. The film follows Greg and Rodrick convincing their family to go on a road trip for their great grandmother's 90th birthday, but they actually plan on attending a video game convention. An animated short film set after the events of Dog Days, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\"\", was released on the home media release of \"\"Dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376811", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nto the clubhouse, and then the putting green for golf. However, they are spotted by a security guard. They try to escape on a golf cart, but are caught. The guard escorts them out of the green because a family had reported them for wearing and stealing their missing clothes. They are ultimately sent back to the hotel to return the clothes to the correct family. They were also ejected from the hotel for theft, so they were forced to stay overnight at the airport hotel. The next day, Frank and Susan decide to get back to the resort so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215842", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nIt was based on the second book in the series, . Zachary Gordon reprised his role in the film. \"\"\"\" was released on August 3, 2012 and is based on \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", including scenes from both books. An animated short film, , was released along with the DVD of . A film based on \"\"\"\" was released in May 2017 featuring a new cast starring Jason Drucker, Alicia Silverstone, and Tom Everett Scott. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1739909", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nand praise. A film of the same name was released on March 19, 2010. The sequel to the film is \"\"\"\", followed by \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". As Greg Heffley is getting ready for his first day of middle school, he is teased by his teenage brother Rodrick, because his mom bought him his supplies for school. He has a little brother, a toddler named Manny, who is \"\"spoiled rotten\"\" because he gets everything he wants and also gets away with everything he does wrong. His father, named Frank Heffley, does not encourage Greg's way of life - playing video games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19724886", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever\"\nredirect the power all to his room and no one else's. In August 2013, Kinney stated it would be a half-hour television special, and would air on Fox in late 2014. However, as of 2016 no updates of the project have been announced ever since. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever is a 2011 bestselling and award-winning children's book and the sixth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series, written by American author Jeff Kinney. The book was released on November 15, 2011 and was the fastest-selling book of 2011,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539642", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nCentury Fox. The website \"\"Poptropica\"\" has released two islands themed after \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", called Wimpy Wonderland and Wimpy Boardwalk. In January 1998, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" officially began, when Kinney brought up an idea about a middle-school weakling named Greg Heffley, who wrote about his personal life. In May 2004, FunBrain and Kinney released an online version of \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". The website made daily entries until June 2005. He worked on his book for almost eight years, before showing it to a publisher in New York. In February 2006, during the New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15346241", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\ncar's heater has to run at full blast to prevent engine overheating. While on the highway, a tarp covering Frank's boat loosens and the Heffleys' items begin falling out. They spend two hours trying to retrieve the contents, but many items are still missing. The family finds some cash and tries to find a place to sleep. Greg's father drives the car into the wilderness mistakenly believing that there was going to be a camping site in that area. The next morning, the whole family accidentally lock themselves out of the car. They send Manny in from the open sunroof,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15664359", "chunk_text": "FunBrain\nFunBrain FunBrain is an educational browser game website for children and adults. It was on this site that \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was first published before being turned into a successful book series and movie franchise. The website was founded in May 1992 and is owned by Poptropica Worldwide; a division of Family Education Network. The current publisher is Jess Brallier. The company said the site has 65,000 teachers registered, 35 million visits per month, and 60,000 page visits per day, and provides mathematics and kid style games. On January 31, 2007, the site had an Alexa rating of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15346244", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\nback home, with a stop at the petting zoo to get Manny's piglet back. After they arrive home, Greg's parents cancel their credit cards and purchase new phones. The boat is given to the brothers for their help, much to Frank's dismay. While digging through his short pants pockets, Greg finds the key to their locker in the water park and is caught in a dilemma. He thinks that he is reading a page of the Choose Your Own Adventure books and can either tell his parents the truth, sabotage his brother Rodrick by putting the key in his pants,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19750369", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nKid\"\" film series. It was released on March 25, 2011 and is based on the second book, \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" with scenes from \"\"The Last Straw\"\". Principal photography began on August 23, 2010 and was completed on October 27, 2010, with filming taking place in Vancouver and New Westminster. \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" was directed by David Bowers, with Zachary Gordon reprising his role as Greg Heffley. New main characters include Holly Hills (Peyton List), Grandpa (Terence Kelly), and Bill Walter (Fran Kranz). Edward Shearmur composes the original score for the film. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\"\" is the third film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20433248", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School is a children's novel written by American author Jeff Kinney first published in 2015. It is the tenth book of \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series, preceded by \"\"\"\" and followed by \"\"\"\". The book was released on November 3, 2015 worldwide, though an extract from the book was released online on October 27, 2015. This book debuted at No.1 on bestseller charts in India. Greg Heffley's grandfather has been living with his family due to being unable to pay for the rent at the retirement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376814", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nbeen banned from the resort for the rest of their lives and are wanted and the people of Coral Island are looking for his family for the chaos they caused. On Isla de Corrales' website, there is a picture of Greg's family on the banana boat with words in Spanish and crosses on each member of their family: \"\"¡Atención! Póngase en Contacto con Isla de Corrales si conoce la identidad de las personas en la foto de Arriba.\"\" translating in English to \"\"Attention! Contact Coral Island if you know the identities of the people in the picture above.\"\" \"\"The Getaway\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16982841", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nare replaced by a new cast. It was theatrically released on May 19, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed $40 million worldwide on a $22 million production cost. One year after the , while at the Corny's family restaurant, the Heffley family — consists of Greg, Rodrick, Frank, Susan and Manny — plans to take a road trip across the USA to attend Meemaw's 90th birthday. However, after Greg and Rowley rescue his younger brother Manny, who got stuck inside a tube in the play area, Greg ends up in a ball pit with a diaper stuck on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19124897", "chunk_text": "\"Abrams Books\"\n\"\"Two-Dimensional Man\"\", \"\"Breaking Bad 101\"\", and \"\"A Stash of One's Own\"\". Amulet Books publishes novels, graphic novels, and nonfiction for young adults and middle-grade readers. The imprint has published many bestselling and award-winning books, including Jeff Kinney's \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series, \"\"Heart of a Samurai\"\", Cece Bell's \"\"El Deafo\"\", Tom Angleberger's \"\"Origami Yoda\"\" series, and Michael Buckley's \"\"Sisters Grimm\"\" and \"\"NERDS\"\" series. Amulet Paperbacks publishes original titles as well as reprints. Books published by Amulet Paperbacks include Lauren Myracle's \"\"Internet Girls\"\" series, A. G. Howard's \"\"Splintered series\"\", Jesse Andrews's \"\"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl\"\", and Jonathan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539650", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nKid: The Musical\"\" is being produced by the Children's Theatre Company. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_127	how old is the actress who plays phyllis on y&r?	n/a	[ "Gina Tognoni", "age 44" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17403312", "chunk_text": "\"Gina Tognoni\"\nas Phyllis Summers in CBS's \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", replacing Michelle Stafford. Tognoni made her debut on August 11, 2014. Tognoni was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She won Miss Rhode Island Teen USA in 1991 and Miss Rhode Island Teen All-American in 1993. Tognoni became engaged to Joseph Chiarello on November 21, 2007. She was introduced to him by her co-star Beth Ehlers. The two were married May 16, 2009. Gina Tognoni Gina Tognoni (born November 28, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her work with American daytime soap operas. Her most notable performances include Kelly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381522", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Stafford\"\nher first child, daughter Natalia Scout Lee, via her embryo and a gestational surrogate on Monday, December 21, 2009 In October 2015, Stafford welcomed her second child, a son Jameson Jones Lee. Michelle Stafford Michelle Stafford (born September 14, 1965) is an American actress, screenwriter and producer. She is perhaps best known for her role as Phyllis Summers on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards. In 2013, Stafford created and starred in her own comedy web series, \"\"The Stafford Project\"\". She currently stars as Nina Reeves on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16646493", "chunk_text": "\"Gina Tognoni\"\nGina Tognoni Gina Tognoni (born November 28, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her work with American daytime soap operas. Her most notable performances include Kelly Cramer on \"\"One Life to Live\"\", Dinah Marler on \"\"Guiding Light\"\" and her current role as Phyllis Summers on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Tognoni is known for her roles on daytime television soap operas. In 1995, she made her soap debut as Kelly Cramer in ABC's \"\"One Life to Live\"\". She appeared on the show until 2001. In April 2001, it was announced that Tognoni, after six years with the show,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8008163", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Stafford\"\nMichelle Stafford Michelle Stafford (born September 14, 1965) is an American actress, screenwriter and producer. She is perhaps best known for her role as Phyllis Summers on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards. In 2013, Stafford created and starred in her own comedy web series, \"\"The Stafford Project\"\". She currently stars as Nina Reeves on the ABC daytime soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\". In 1990 Stafford was cast in Fox soap opera \"\"Tribes\"\". The show was canceled after 3-month airing on Fox. She later appeared in two plays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4697867", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nLead Actress in a Drama Series category for her portrayal of Phyllis, winning in 2017 Phyllis Summers Phyllis Summers is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", an American soap opera on the CBS network. The character was created and introduced by William J. Bell, and debuted in the episode airing on October 17, 1994. Phyllis was originally and most notably portrayed by actress Michelle Stafford, until August 2013 (other than Sandra Nelson portraying Phyllis for nearly two years, until Stafford was brought back by former head writer, Kay Alden, in 2000). Stafford has been praised for her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15461288", "chunk_text": "\"Drucilla Winters\"\nfor a wife who stayed home. Dru develops very close friendships with people in town, including Brad Carlton (Don Diamont), Sharon Newman (Sharon Case), Victor Newman (Eric Braeden), and Jack and Ashley Abbott (Peter Bergman and Eileen Davidson). She develops an adversarial relationship with Phyllis Romalotti (Michelle Stafford), which only intensifies as the years go on. Dru and Lily move to Europe where Dru continues her modeling career. Dru and Lily return to Genoa City for brief visits until 2002 when they come back to stay. Dru comes back hoping for help in reining in their now 14-year-old daughter Lily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5446409", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nPhyllis Summers Phyllis Summers is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", an American soap opera on the CBS network. The character was created and introduced by William J. Bell, and debuted in the episode airing on October 17, 1994. Phyllis was originally and most notably portrayed by actress Michelle Stafford, until August 2013 (other than Sandra Nelson portraying Phyllis for nearly two years, until Stafford was brought back by former head writer, Kay Alden, in 2000). Stafford has been praised for her portrayal, for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards, but left the series after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15542571", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nnearly sixteen years, with the character being written into a coma; Stafford last appeared on August 2, 2013. The role passed to Gina Tognoni (debuting on August 11, 2014), who continues in it. Phyllis was introduced as a groupie of fictional rock singer Danny Romalotti (Michael Damian), and claimed to have given birth to his child, Daniel (Michael Graziadei). Danny married Phyllis out of obligation to his son, sparking a rivalry between Phyllis and Danny's ex-wife, Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell), which is a continuing storyline. The character is known for scheming to get what she wants. Phyllis has also been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11044506", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Thomsett\"\nSally Thomsett Sally Thomsett (born 3 April 1950) is an English actress who was born in Sussex, England. She appeared in the film \"\"The Railway Children\"\" (1970) and played Jo in the TV sitcom, \"\"Man About the House\"\" (1973–76). She also appeared in the film, \"\"Straw Dogs\"\" (1971). In 1970, Thomsett was cast as the 11-year-old Phyllis, despite the actress being 20 years old at the time, three years older than Jenny Agutter, who played her elder sister, Bobbie. Her contract forbade her to reveal her true age during the making of the film, and she was not allowed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16719750", "chunk_text": "\"Leslie Michaelson\"\nAvery Bailey Clark (Jessica Collins). Leslie represents Abby Newman (Marcy Rylan) and Victoria Abbott (Amelia Heinle) in their lawsuit against their father, Victor Newman (Eric Braeden). Eventually, their brother Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow) joins the lawsuit. Under Leslie's representation, the Newman children win the lawsuit, winning $500 million each. Leslie begins having an on-and-off romance with Jabot Cosmetics executive Neil Winters (Kristoff St. John), which neither take too seriously. She represents Phyllis Summers (Michelle Stafford) twice; once during a custody battle for Phyllis' granddaughter Lucy, and a second time when she was put on trial for attempted murder. Leslie reconnects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10211013", "chunk_text": "\"The Railway Children (1970 film)\"\nborrowed \"\"The Railway Children\"\" from his daughters. He loved it, bought a six month option on the film rights for £300 and wrote a screenplay. Jeffries succeeded in attracting financing from Bryan Forbes at EMI Films. Forbes suggested Jeffries direct. Sally Thomsett was cast as the 11-year-old Phyllis, despite being 20 years old at the time. Her contract forbade her to reveal her true age during the making of the film and she was also not allowed to be seen smoking or drinking during the shoot. 17-year-old Jenny Agutter played her older sister, Roberta, and Gary Warren played their brother,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6753955", "chunk_text": "\"The Stafford Project\"\nThe Stafford Project The Stafford Project is a web series that stars American soap opera actress Michelle Stafford, known for her award-winning portrayal of Phyllis Summers on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". It debuted on August 5, 2013 via YouTube and Stafford's website. The decision to debut a comedy web series coincided with Stafford's departure as Phyllis Summers on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", a role that became \"\"crazy-popular\"\" over the course of her fifteen years with the soap opera, as well as earning her two Daytime Emmy Awards out of ten nominations. Of her decision to leave the soap,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5929433", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis (TV series)\"\nto their moving to Minneapolis, and that his mother and stepfather still resided there. Being left penniless after the death of her husband Lars, Phyllis and her daughter Bess (Lisa Gerritsen) move in with Lars' mother, the scatterbrained Audrey Dexter (Jane Rose), and stepfather, Judge Jonathan Dexter (Henry Jones). Phyllis takes a job as an assistant in a photographic studio. The owner, Julie Erskine, was played by Barbara Colby; Colby was murdered (in real life) after three episodes of \"\"Phyllis\"\" had been filmed, and the part was then assumed by Liz Torres. Much of the first season's humor stemmed from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11673248", "chunk_text": "\"Lisa Gerritsen\"\nLisa Gerritsen Lisa Gerritsen (born December 21, 1957) is a former American child actress. She is most famous for her role as Bess, the independent-minded daughter of Phyllis Lindstrom on the 1970s television series \"\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\" and its spin-off \"\"Phyllis.\"\" Lisa Gerritsen was born Leisa Orszag, and is the granddaughter of child actor and screenwriter True Eames Boardman, and the great-granddaughter of silent film actors True Boardman and Virginia True Boardman. Her acting career began when she was eight years old. Encouraged by her mother and grandfather, and after running the gamut of numerous casting calls, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5312627", "chunk_text": "\"The Target (The Office)\"\nand Phyllis Vance (Phyllis Smith) take advantage of Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) when he needs a favor, and Pete (Jake Lacy) distracts Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) as she begins painting her mural. \"\"The Target\"\" received positive reviews from critics, with many commenting on Nunez and Kinsey's performances. The episode was viewed by 3.88 million viewers and received 1.9/5 rating among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, ranking fourth in its timeslot. The episode, however, ultimately ranked as the highest-rated NBC series of the night. Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez) believes that Angela Lipton (Angela Kinsey) does not know about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15542584", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nBenjamin Hochman create a plan to take down Victoria Newman's company, Brash and Sassy so Phyllis can spend more time with Billy. In April 2018, Phyllis helps bury the body of J.T Hellstorm, with the help of Sharon Newman, Victoria Newman, and Nikki Newman after Nikki hits J.T over the head with a firepoker. Stafford has been praised for her portrayal. In 1995, Lilana Novakovich of the \"\"Toronto Star\"\" stated: \"\"Michelle Stafford is every bit as irrepressible as Phyllis Romalotti, her character on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\".\"\" The Sharon/Nick/Phyllis love triangle, which took place from 2006 to 2010, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4728963", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria Newman\"\nVictoria Newman Victoria Newman is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", an American soap opera on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, she is currently portrayed by Amelia Heinle. Victoria was born onscreen in 1982 and was portrayed by child actress Ashley Nicole Millan for her first eight years. Having been rapidly aged to a teenager, Victoria returned to the soap opera and was portrayed by Heather Tom. Tom portrayed the character into her early adult years and remained in the role for twelve years. Due to creative differences, Tom left the soap opera in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3179140", "chunk_text": "\"Colleen Carlton\"\nher mother, Traci. Colleen was rapidly aged to fifteen in 2001 when Lyndsy Fonseca assumed the role. In 2004, Fonseca was let go, as Colleen returned to New York to live with her mother. \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" executive producer and head writer Jack Smith left the door open for Fonseca to return. \"\"That means a lot to me,\"\" Fonseca said. \"\"He's been really cool about that.\"\" Fonseca briefly reprised the role from December 2004 to February 2005. In January 2006, the role was recast with Adrianne León. Previously, Leon is recognized for her role as Brook Lynn Ashton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14101852", "chunk_text": "\"Zoe Perry\"\nZoe Perry Zoe Perry (born September 26, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying young Mary Cooper in \"\"Young Sheldon\"\" and for recurring roles on \"\"The Family\"\" and \"\"Scandal\"\". Both of Perry's parents are actors, Laurie Metcalf and Jeff Perry. Her first television role was two appearances as the character Jackie Harris (as seen in flashback) on the ABC sitcom \"\"Roseanne\"\", the character portrayed by her mother. Her parents, however, did not want her to pursue acting until she became an adult, fearing the effect of stress. Perry said she was too shy to act in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11821622", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Vance\"\nplaced in foster care. Ultimately Phyllis learns that Erin is not her daughter, but after seeing Andy reject Erin, decides to tell her another day. In \"\"Angry Andy\"\", Phyllis admits that she never had an orgasm until she was 42, and when she did, it lasted until she was 44. In \"\"Lice\"\", Phyllis teams up with Nellie and Kevin to convince Darryl's girlfriend Val not to break up with him, even though that was what he wanted all along, which causes Darryl to be annoyed at them. In \"\"The Target\"\", Phyllis and Stanley agree to cover Jim's duties while he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8008165", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Stafford\"\n\"\"Two Guys and a Girl\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"JAG\"\". In film, Stafford appeared in 1999 thriller \"\"Double Jeopardy\"\" opposite Ashley Judd. In July 2000, Stafford was brought back to the soap opera by former head writer Kay Alden. From December 2006 to February 2007, Stafford played dual roles on \"\"Y&R\"\", portraying Sheila Carter, formerly played by Kimberlin Brown (Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis). In May 2013, it was announced that Stafford would be exiting the soap opera after sixteen years in the role. Stafford later confirmed that her final scenes would air sometime that August. Stafford exited the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19000260", "chunk_text": "\"Younger (TV series)\"\nher age. During her hunt, she meets Josh (Nico Tortorella), a 26-year-old tattoo artist who thinks that they are about the same age. Maggie (Debi Mazar), Liza's best friend, comes up with the idea of giving Liza a makeover in order to pass her off as a 26-year-old. Ultimately, she becomes an assistant to Diana Trout (Miriam Shor), at the publishing firm Empirical Press, where she befriends Kelsey Peters (Hilary Duff), her 20-something co-worker. The series is based on the Pamela Redmond Satran novel of the same name. In October 2013, TV Land ordered the pilot from creator and executive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13076441", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Smith\"\nPhyllis Smith Phyllis Smith (born July 10, 1951) is an American actress and casting associate. She is best known for playing Phyllis Vance in the television series \"\"The Office\"\" and her critically acclaimed voice role as Sadness in the film \"\"Inside Out\"\". She has a regular role on the Netflix series \"\"The OA\"\". Smith was born in The Hill, a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Smith graduated from the University of Missouri–St. Louis in 1972 with a degree in elementary education. In the 1970s and 1980s, she worked as a dancer, a cheerleader for the old St. Louis Cardinals football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "964817", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria Newman\"\nSupporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 and 2015. Between the character's debut in 1982 and 1990, Victoria was portrayed by child actress Ashley Nicole Millan. After Millan left the series, Victoria was rapidly aged to become a teenager, and Heather Tom assumed the role on December 12, 1990. In 1997, Tom took a nearly eight-month leave of absence from the role, departing on February 21 and returning on October 2. During Tom's absence, Sarah Aldrich was cast as her temporary replacement, from April 2 to July 17. In 1999, Carrie Genzel was in talks to replace Tom, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18838056", "chunk_text": "\"Cloris Leachman\"\nCloris Leachman Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress and comedian. In a career spanning over seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards (record tied with Julia Louis-Dreyfus), a Daytime Emmy Award, and an Academy Award for her role in \"\"The Last Picture Show\"\" (1971). As Miss Chicago, Leachman competed in the 20th Miss America pageant and placed in the Top 16 in 1946. Leachman's longest-running role was the nosy and cunning landlady Phyllis Lindstrom on the CBS sitcom \"\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\" and its spin-off, \"\"Phyllis\"\", in the 1970s. She also appeared in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15542573", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\non July 13. Speaking of her return, Stafford stated: In 2009, Stafford signed a new contract with \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" which would ensure her portrayal of Phyllis for an unspecified period of time. In May 2013, it was announced that Stafford would be exiting the soap opera after sixteen years in the role. Stafford later confirmed that her final scenes would air sometime that August. In July 2013, Stafford appeared on the cover of \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" which was dubbed \"\"Her Final Interview.\"\" In the interview with editor Stephanie Sloane, she confessed that she was completely done with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9259844", "chunk_text": "\"Sharon Case\"\n15, 2011. Kim Daugherty of \"\"Yahoo!\"\" noted that \"\"they are touted to be ideal for a night on the town, giving 'The Young and the Restless' fans an affordable way to sparkle and shine with star-quality by wearing star-designed jewelry\"\". Case described the line as being affordable \"\"chic, fun and hip\"\". Sharon Case Sharon Case (born February 9, 1971) is an American actress and former model. At the age of 17, Case began working as a model, relocating briefly to Japan, before pursuing an acting career. She is best known for her roles on daytime television soap operas, scoring parts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5710568", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Farber\"\nin 2009, graduated from The New School university's Eugene Lang College in New York and was an intern at Teen Vogue. She finished her internship in Teen Vogue's Web Department in May 2008; her last Intern Blog entry was made on May 8, 2008. Stacey Farber Stacey Farber (born August 25, 1987) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing Ellie Nash in through of the television series \"\"\"\". From 2010–2011, she starred in the CBC series \"\"18 to Life\"\" with fellow Canadian Michael Seater of \"\"Life with Derek\"\". From 2014 to 2017, Farber played Sydney Katz on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1784608", "chunk_text": "\"Deborah Tranelli\"\nDeborah Tranelli Deborah Marie Tranelli (born July 6, 1955) is an American actress and singer. Tranelli is best known for her recurring role in the soap opera \"\"Dallas\"\" as Phyllis, secretary to Bobby Ewing (played by Patrick Duffy). She appeared in the series from 1981 to its end in 1991. Her acting career has included roles on television series from \"\"Nero Wolfe \"\"Might as Well Be Dead\"\"\"\" (1981) to \"\"Law & Order \"\"Seed\"\"\"\" (1995). She starred in and performed the song \"\"Still Got a Love\"\" in the 1985 movie \"\"Naked Vengeance\"\", and released a 2004 jazz album \"\"A Lot of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12378088", "chunk_text": "\"Abby Newman\"\n\"\"never understand how \"\"Y&R\"\" was foolish enough to let Rylan slip through their fingers not once but twice\"\". The magazine praised the character's change in maturity, describing her as the \"\"new, improved Abby\"\". They wrote: Abby Newman Abby Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". The character was introduced on November 13, 2000, as the daughter of Ashley Abbott (Eileen Davidson) and Victor Newman (Eric Braeden). The role was portrayed by Darcy Rose Byrnes as a child until 2008, when the character was rapidly aged to a teenager, with Hayley Erin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18576880", "chunk_text": "\"Penny Johnson Jerald\"\nPenny Johnson Jerald Penny Johnson Jerald (born March 14, 1961) is an American actress. She played Beverly Barnes on the HBO comedy series \"\"The Larry Sanders Show\"\", Kasidy Yates on the syndicated science fiction series \"\"\"\", Sherry Palmer on the Fox action/drama series \"\"24\"\", Captain Victoria \"\"Iron\"\" Gates on the ABC comedy-drama series \"\"Castle\"\", and currently plays Dr. Claire Finn on the Fox network's series \"\"The Orville\"\". Penny Johnson was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She trained at the Juilliard School, where her classmates in 1982 included Megan Gallagher, Jack Kenny, Jack Stehlin, and Lorraine Toussaint. Jerald began her career with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5929437", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis (TV series)\"\nfriends toward the end of the season). Ratings began to drop. \"\"Rhoda\"\" was also going through a format change at the time, which may have also affected \"\"Phyllis’\"\" ratings. During this time, both series' chief competition, NBC's \"\"Little House on the Prairie\"\", flourished. In a December 1976 episode, Jonathan's cranky and outspoken Mother Dexter (Lowry), Phyllis' main nemesis, married Arthur Lanson (Burt Mustin); both Lowry, 86, and Mustin, 92, died within a month of the episode's airing. CBS moved both \"\"Rhoda\"\" and \"\"Phyllis\"\" to Sunday nights at 8:00 P.M. and 8:30 P.M., respectively. During this time, actress Jane Rose (who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5446414", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nreasons that I just think are not important to share with the world. Only my good friends should know.\"\" Stafford exited the series on August 2, 2013. In May 2014, when Stafford joined the cast of \"\"General Hospital\"\" in the role of Nina Clay, the show went ahead with plans to recast the role of Phyllis. On May 22, 2014, reports surfaced that former \"\"One Life to Live\"\" and \"\"Guiding Light\"\" actress Gina Tognoni had been cast in the role of Phyllis, following her \"\"flawless\"\" audition. Tognoni began taping on July 9 and made her debut on August 11, 2014.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16919432", "chunk_text": "\"Michaela Watkins\"\nshe was discovered by \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\". Watkins said the appeal of sketch work is that she can write her own material. In November 2008, Watkins joined the cast of \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" (SNL), along with Abby Elliott. Watkins said (at that time) that she was the oldest woman they ever hired. Watkins has since been surpassed by Leslie Jones, who was 47 when she joined SNL. Watkins made her first major appearance on the show as Arianna Huffington on the November 22nd Weekend Update. Watkins remained on \"\"SNL\"\" as a featured player throughout the rest of the 2008-2009 season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6617082", "chunk_text": "\"Ellie Harvie\"\nShe also took over from Wendie Malick as Burdine Maxwell from the second TV season of \"\"Bratz\"\". She portrayed Candace/Mrs. Bubkes on the \"\"YTV\"\" teen comedy series, \"\"Some Assembly Required (2014-2016 TV series)\"\". On November 24, 2012 Harvie hosted the inaugural UBCP/ACTRA Awards, which aims to honour acting talent in British Columbia. Harvie has, also, starred as Lillian Tibbett on \"\"Hallmark Movies & Mysteries\"\" Channel Series An \"\"Aurora Teagarden\"\" Mystery Series (2015-2018). Ellie Harvie Ellie Anne Harvie (born April 7, 1965) is a Canadian actress who portrayed Morticia on \"\"The New Addams Family\"\". Later, she starred as Dr. Lindsey Novak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14449993", "chunk_text": "\"Jessica Collins\"\nJessica Collins Jessica Collins (born Jessica Lynn Capogna; April 1, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Dinah Lee Mayberry on the ABC soap opera \"\"Loving\"\" (1991–1994) and Avery Bailey Clark on the CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" (2011–2015). She also starred as Meredith Davies on Fox's \"\"Tru Calling\"\", and appeared in recurring and guest roles in many other shows. Collins was born in Schenectady, New York. She attended Amsterdam High School in Amsterdam, New York. In 1988, she won the title Miss New York Teen USA and was the first runner-up for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19306945", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Kirk\"\nPhyllis Kirk Phyllis Kirk (born Phyllis Kirkegaard; September 18, 1927 October 19, 2006) was an American actress. Kirk was born in Syracuse, New York, although some sources state her birthplace as Plainfield, New Jersey. She contracted polio as a child, which resulted in health problems for the rest of her life. Kirk graduated from Battin High School, Elizabeth, New Jersey. As a teenager, Kirk moved to New York City to study acting and changed her last name from Kirkegaard to Kirk. She began her career on Broadway before embarking on a television and film career. Kirk is best known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13210355", "chunk_text": "\"Gillian Bailey\"\nGillian Bailey Gillian Bailey or Gilli Bush-Bailey (born 14 June 1955 in Wimbledon, London) is a British academic and former actress. She was mainly known as a child actress. Her best-known role was as Billie in \"\"Here Come the Double Deckers\"\" (1970–71). Other roles included Phyllis in a television version of \"\"The Railway Children\"\" (1968), Janey in \"\"The Witch's Daughter\"\" (1971), and Callie in \"\"Follyfoot\"\" (1971–73). She was less prominent as an adult, although she remained working being cast in roles such as Jinny Carter in series 1 of \"\"Poldark\"\" (1975), Ravella in the first episode of \"\"Blake's 7\"\" (1978),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20186831", "chunk_text": "\"Kelly Andrews (The Young and the Restless)\"\non the process of gaining the role of Kelly. She revealed, \"\"I got an email from \"\"Y&R\"\" casting director, Judy Blye Wilson asking me to send a reel of my work over for the possibility that they may need to recast Cynthia Watros, because it looked like her pilot was going to get picked up. Luckily, Jon Lindstrom had just helped me make a beautiful reel of some of my soap and film work. We sent that over, and then it was quiet for awhile. I know they were looking at a lot of actresses, who of course, wanted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1755017", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria Newman\"\naward. She also won a Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Leading Younger Actress in 1997, and was nominated for two other awards. Victoria Newman Victoria Newman is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", an American soap opera on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, she is currently portrayed by Amelia Heinle. Victoria was born onscreen in 1982 and was portrayed by child actress Ashley Nicole Millan for her first eight years. Having been rapidly aged to a teenager, Victoria returned to the soap opera and was portrayed by Heather Tom. Tom portrayed the character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12047458", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan's Hope\"\ncame back, he was shocked by Sherry's resemblance to Nell, and impulsively asked her to marry him. In the final episode, the two were seen together at Jack and Leigh's wedding. In late 1984, Joseph Hardy and Felicia Minei Behr decided that the character of Ryan Fenelli would advance to being approximately 17 years old for new storyline prospects, from the 9 year old she was currently, as played by Jenny Rebecca Dweir. Newcomer Yasmine Bleeth was hired to become the teenage Ryan in early 1985, who started only a month or so after Dweir's last appearance in the role.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15459308", "chunk_text": "\"Esther Valentine\"\nserved as \"\"Y&R\"\"'s comic relief and has been Katherine Chancellor's (Jeanne Cooper) maid since 1982. She is also a trained alcohol abuse counselor. She had a one night stand with a plumber named \"\"Tiny\"\", with whom she had a daughter, Katherine Tina Valentine, who was only shown a handful of times as a child before emerging as Jabot Cosmetics fashionista, Chloe Mitchell (Elizabeth Hendrickson). Esther was indirectly responsible for the death of Katherine's husband, Rex Sterling (Quinn Redeker) when she answered a personal ad and met Norman Peterson (Mark Haining), a notorious con man. In an effort to impress Norman,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18909198", "chunk_text": "\"My Best Friend's Wedding\"\nin China on 5 August 2016. Julianne Potter (Julia Roberts), a 27-year-old New York City restaurant critic, receives a call from her lifelong friend Michael O'Neal (Dermot Mulroney). In college, the two made an agreement that if neither of them were married by the time they turned 28, they would marry each other. Three weeks before her 28th birthday, Michael tells her that in four days, he will marry Kimmy Wallace (Cameron Diaz), a 20-year-old University of Chicago student from a wealthy family. Julianne is disappointed that Michael will marry someone whom she perceives as being so wrong for him,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15547581", "chunk_text": "\"Dayzee Leigh\"\nmember, Bell stated: \"\"Kristolyn is a gifted young actress and I’m happy to have her as a permanent member of the B&B family. As we moved forward in telling the story of the plight of the homeless, I realized that the character of ‘Dayzee’ had so much more to offer and needed to stick around to make sure that everyone kept their ‘new set of glasses’ on.\"\" In September 2010, the show's control-freak matriarch Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery) was diagnosed with stage four lung cancer. Initially, she refused to have treatment. Dayzee was introduced to show her a new lease", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8948636", "chunk_text": "\"Gloria Abbott Bardwell\"\nBeautiful\"\" on November 20. Gloria will attend a Forrester fashion show, where she makes \"\"a beeline\"\" for Eric Forrester (John McCook), whom she previously met at Victor (Eric Braeden) and Nikki Newman's (Melody Thomas Scott) wedding in 2013. A show spokesperson commented, \"\"expect some business talk and a little flirting.\"\" In the 1960s, Gloria Simmons was a naive 16-year-old girl living in Detroit, Michigan. She met the charming River Baldwin (Michael Gross) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and he dropped out of college to live in a hippie commune with Gloria. Then, Gloria got pregnant, and she gave birth to their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4168369", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Smith\"\nby an Ensemble in a Comedy Series.\"\" In June 2008, Smith appeared with the cast of \"\"The Office\"\" on \"\"Celebrity Family Feud\"\". In 2011, she played a supporting role in the film \"\"Bad Teacher\"\". In 2015, she voiced the character Sadness in the Pixar film \"\"Inside Out\"\", receiving high critical praise for her performance. In 2016, she appeared in the Netflix series \"\"The OA\"\". Phyllis Smith Phyllis Smith (born July 10, 1951) is an American actress and casting associate. She is best known for playing Phyllis Vance in the television series \"\"The Office\"\" and her critically acclaimed voice role as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367023", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nPhyllis to tell her that he needed to see her one last time before he officially moves on with the new woman in his life, Kelly Andrews (Cady McClain). He also speaks with her doctor, who informs him that there has been very little change in Phyllis' condition over the past year, and there is very little that they can do. In an attempt to uncover Sharon's paternity test-switch secret, Victor goes to Georgia and gathers information about a risky form of medication that may be able to wake up patients who are in comas. The doctor later tells him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4697853", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Summers\"\nwhile Nick initially returns to Sharon, Phyllis becomes pregnant and is unsure if Nick or Jack is the father. A paternity test supposedly revealed Nick as the father, and their daughter, Summer Newman (Hunter King), is born in December 2006, and they are married in May 2007. Their three-year marriage eventually succumbs to Nick's ongoing feelings for Sharon, which resulted in an affair and the birth of their daughter, Faith. Nick divorces Phyllis in 2010. They briefly reunite and remarry in 2012, although it ends due to Phyllis' adultery and lies. Morrow stated that \"\"not many husbands would put up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14198894", "chunk_text": "\"Phyllis Robinson\"\n1962 to raise her daughter, but continued to consult to the agency working three days a week through to 1968. She was 89 when she died in Manhattan. Robinson was inducted into the Creative Hall of Fame in 1968. For a time she served as chairperson for the Creative Hall of Fame. In 1999, \"\"Advertising Age\"\" magazine named her one of the 100 most influential figures in the history of advertising. She was featured in the 2009 documentary film \"\"Art & Copy\"\". On International Women's Day in 2017, DDB Worldwide changed its name temporarily to DDB&R to honor Robinson. Phyllis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7281825", "chunk_text": "\"Holly Cunningham\"\nit \"\"interesting to see how the audience reacts to that, but I certainly like her\"\". Waring also noted that \"\"Wallis is actually older than Holly, so I'm not happy about having an 18-year-old daughter, because I don't look old enough! But obviously Holly is 14, so she's a lot younger than Wallis. I was 18 when I was playing Cindy as 15, so it's the same sort of scenario. Wallis reminds me of me, but she's a lot more beautiful than I was!\"\" When Day's portrayal of Holly first began appearing on screen, she was at first generally quite unpopular,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_128	who has scored more goals in the premier league?	n/a	[ "Alan Shearer" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230825", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nhis fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held in the event that two clubs could win the League on the final day of the season. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230824", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nand Philippe Coutinho is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club is £89 million for Paul Pogba. The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 players from 10 clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958557", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\nPremier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5509995", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nSturridge, Luis Suárez, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy, Sergio Agüero and Son Heung-min. Robbie Keane has won the award while playing for three clubs, while 12 players have won the award playing for two clubs: Alan Shearer, Dion Dublin, David Ginola, Dwight Yorke, Tim Flowers, Teddy Sheringham, Danny Murphy, Andrew Johnson, Nicolas Anelka, Dimitar Berbatov, Scott Parker, Robin van Persie. The award has been shared on six occasions: by Blackburn Rovers's Alan Shearer and Chris Sutton in November 1994, Liverpool's Robbie Fowler and Stan Collymore in January 1996, Southampton's Kevin Davies and Manchester United's Andy Cole in November 1997, Arsenal's Dennis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5851998", "chunk_text": "\"Thierry Henry\"\nIn terms of goal-scoring awards, Henry was the European Golden Boot winner in 2004 and 2005 (sharing it with Villarreal's Diego Forlán in 2005). Henry was also the top goalscorer in the Premier League for a record four seasons (2002, 2004, 2005, 2006). In 2006, he became the first player to score more than 20 goals in the league for five consecutive seasons (2002 to 2006). With 175, Henry is currently fifth in the list of all-time Premier League goalscorers, behind Alan Shearer, Andy Cole, Wayne Rooney and Frank Lampard. All of his Premier League goals were for Arsenal, giving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6114588", "chunk_text": "\"2013–14 Premier League\"\nby a 2–0 victory over West Bromwich Albion on 7 May. Norwich City, Fulham, and Cardiff City were the bottom three teams and were relegated to the Football League Championship. Two teams (Manchester City and Liverpool) scored more than 100 goals for the first time in league history. The feat has only once been achieved before – by Chelsea in 2009–10. Luis Suárez won the golden boot for most goals with 31, ahead of teammate Daniel Sturridge who came second with 21 goals. Wojciech Szczęsny of Arsenal and Petr Čech of Chelsea led the league with 16 clean sheets each.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230760", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nSix of them have won the title since then: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), and Leicester City (1). Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname \"\"The Invincibles\"\" as they became, and still remain, the only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a Premier League season is 100 by Manchester City in 2017–18. Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958558", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\ngoals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award, scoring 29 goals in 30 games in 2016–17 for a rate of 0.97. General Specific Premier League Golden Boot The Premier League Golden Boot is an annual association", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17624764", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Season\"\nMonth and Player of the Season awards were only first bestowed during the 1994–95 season. The first Player of the Season award was given to Blackburn Rovers striker Alan Shearer, who won the Premier League title with his team and the Golden Boot that season. Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Nemanja Vidić have been Player of the Season on two occasions each and are the only players to have won the award more than once, with Ronaldo having achieved this in consecutive years (2007 and 2008). Eight players were the Premier League's leading goalscorer and won the Golden Boot alongside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16255705", "chunk_text": "\"Sergio Agüero\"\nseasons in the division. Three days later, he scored his 100th Premier League goal in a 1–1 draw at Newcastle. He reached the century in 147 games, second only to Alan Shearer who did so in 124. The goal was also Agüero's sixth against Newcastle for the season, making his just the sixth player in the Premier League era to have scored six goals against the same club in a single campaign. Agüero ended the 2015–16 Premier League season with 24 goals, one behind Golden Boot winner Harry Kane and level with Jamie Vardy. However, with his goals coming from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17855670", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Shearer\"\nAlan Shearer Alan Shearer, CBE, DL (; born 13 August 1970) is an English retired footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and the England national team. He is Newcastle's and the Premier League's record goalscorer. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he was third in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2004 Shearer was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17855616", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Shearer\"\nAlan Shearer Alan Shearer, CBE, DL (; born 13 August 1970) is an English retired footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and the England national team. He is Newcastle's and the Premier League's record goalscorer. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he was third in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2004 Shearer was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16255655", "chunk_text": "\"Sergio Agüero\"\nthe highest goals per minute ratio in the history of the competition since its formation in 1992, averaging a goal every 106 minutes, ahead of Thierry Henry. He also holds the joint-record for the most goals scored in a single Premier League match – five – and the fastest to do so, in 23 minutes and 34 seconds of match time. He is the highest non-European scorer in the history of the Premier League, with over 100 goals in the division. In November 2017, Agüero became Manchester City's all-time highest goal-scorer, scoring his 178th City goal against Napoli. Agüero is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14280197", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\nof a 2–1 win for United in the Manchester derby. Rooney's made a spectacular overhead volley kick to beat City goalkeeper Joe Hart. Nine other goals from eight players were short-listed for the public vote for Best Goal: Rooney's goal won with 26% of the public vote, beating Bergkamp's goal against Newcastle into second place with 19%, and Henry's strike for Arsenal against Manchester United into third place with 15%. Commenting on the goal at the time, Manchester United's manager Sir Alex Ferguson stated, \"\"I've never seen anything like it, that's for sure. Absolutely stunning. Unbelievable. The thing about that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958556", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\nOriginally consisting of 22 teams, the league contracted to 20 teams after the 1994–95 season; this reduced the number of games played from 42 to 38. Thierry Henry has won the Golden Boot on four occasions, more than any other player. Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Dwight Yorke were the first non-English and non-European winners, respectively, when they shared the award with Michael Owen in 1999. Alan Shearer is the only player other than Henry to win the award in three consecutive seasons. Phillips, Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez won the European Golden Shoe in the same season as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20634024", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Rowley\"\ndescribes him as a \"\"record breaking football hero\"\". Fulham Leicester City Individual Arthur Rowley George Arthur Rowley Jr., (21 April 1926 – 19 December 2002), nicknamed \"\"The Gunner\"\" because of his explosive left-foot shot, was an English football player and cricketer. He holds the record for the most goals in the history of English league football, scoring 434 from 619 league games. He was the younger brother of Manchester United footballer Jack Rowley. He was shortlisted for inclusion into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008. He holds the club record for the most goals in a single season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183361", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Rowley\"\nArthur Rowley George Arthur Rowley Jr., (21 April 1926 – 19 December 2002), nicknamed \"\"The Gunner\"\" because of his explosive left-foot shot, was an English football player and cricketer. He holds the record for the most goals in the history of English league football, scoring 434 from 619 league games. He was the younger brother of Manchester United footballer Jack Rowley. He was shortlisted for inclusion into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008. He holds the club record for the most goals in a single season at both Leicester City and Shrewsbury Town, scoring 44 goals in 42", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2463480", "chunk_text": "\"Leicester City F.C.\"\nwhen he netted after just nine seconds against Preston North End in April 2006. Jamie Vardy broke the Premier League record for scoring 13 goals in 11 consecutive league games, in the 2015–16 Premier League season. Vardy is also the ninth player to score 20 top-flight goals in a season, following Arthur Chandler, Ernie Hine, Arthur Rowley, Jimmy Walsh, Ken Keyworth, Jackie Sinclair, Frank Worthington and Gary Lineker. Vardy's goal at Sunderland on 10 April 2016 saw him become the first player since Gary Lineker in 1984–85 to score 20 top flight goals for the club, having already become Leicester's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3925638", "chunk_text": "\"2007–08 Premier League\"\nThe Manchester United winger's 31 goals from 34 league appearances helped see off stiff opposition for this award from Arsenal's Emmanuel Adebayor and Fernando Torres of Liverpool. This was the first Premier League season that a player has scored more than 30 goals since Alan Shearer's 31-goal haul for Blackburn Rovers twelve years prior. Liverpool goalkeeper Pepe Reina claimed the Premier League Golden Glove award for the third season in succession. Clean sheets in 18 out of the 38 games meant Reina kept more clean sheets than any other goalkeeper in the top flight during the 2007–08 campaign. The Premier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3372892", "chunk_text": "\"Gabriel Agbonlahor\"\nGabriel Agbonlahor Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor (born 13 October 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker. After spending most of his career at Aston Villa, he is currently a free agent. He is a product of Aston Villa's Academy, and made his first-team debut in 2006 following loans to Football League clubs Watford and Sheffield Wednesday. Since then, he has made over 300 Premier League appearances for the club. With 73 goals, he is Aston Villa's all-time leading Premier League goalscorer, having scored in 11 consecutive league seasons. Formerly a regular with the England under-21s, Agbonlahor made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10483551", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nBergkamp and Edu in February 2004, Tottenham Hotspur's Dimitar Berbatov and Robbie Keane in April 2007 and Liverpool's Steven Gerrard and Luis Suárez in April 2014. Almost half of the Player of the Month awards have gone to English players, and the majority of foreign winners have been French or Dutch. Manchester United have had more Player of the Month awards than any other club. As of November 2018, the most recent recipient of the award is Manchester City player Raheem Sterling. General Specific Premier League Player of the Month The Premier League Player of the Month is an association", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19490514", "chunk_text": "\"Les Ferdinand\"\nCup squads. His autobiography, \"\"Sir Les\"\", was published in 1997. Les Ferdinand Leslie Ferdinand MBE (born 8 December 1966) is an English former footballer and current football coach and Director of Football at his former club Queens Park Rangers. A former striker, his playing career included spells at Queens Park Rangers, Beşiktaş, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers, Reading and Watford during which period he earned 17 caps for England. Ferdinand is the eighth highest scorer in the Premier League with 149 goals. He is the cousin of football-playing brothers Rio and Anton Ferdinand and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16980835", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Crouch\"\nPeter Crouch Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Stoke City. He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. Crouch is one of 28 players to have scored 100 or more Premier League goals, holding the record for the most headed goals in Premier League history. Crouch began his career as a trainee with Tottenham Hotspur. He failed to make an appearance for Spurs and after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4448587", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Crouch\"\nPeter Crouch Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Stoke City. He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. Crouch is one of 28 players to have scored 100 or more Premier League goals, holding the record for the most headed goals in Premier League history. Crouch began his career as a trainee with Tottenham Hotspur. He failed to make an appearance for Spurs and after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13303267", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nof the Month was awarded to Tottenham Hotspur player Jürgen Klinsmann for his performances in August 1994. Steven Gerrard and Harry Kane have been Player of the Month the most with six awards. Six players have won the award in consecutive months: Robbie Fowler, Dennis Bergkamp, Cristiano Ronaldo, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy and Mohamed Salah. Only Mohamed Salah has won the award three times in a season, and 16 individuals have won two awards in a season: Robbie Fowler, Dennis Bergkamp, Ruud van Nistelrooy, Thierry Henry, Wayne Rooney, Ryan Giggs, Cristiano Ronaldo, Ashley Young, Peter Odemwingie, Robin van Persie, Daniel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230823", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nmuch lower than in La Liga (19.1 to 1), Serie A (16 to 1), Bundesliga (20.5 to 1), and Ligue 1 (26.6 to 1). Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League, it is often regarded as being more competitive than other top European leagues. The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record has increased steadily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10773244", "chunk_text": "\"2011–12 Premier League\"\nDefence: Kyle Walker (Tottenham Hotspur), Vincent Kompany (Manchester City), Fabricio Coloccini (Newcastle United), Leighton Baines (Everton) Midfield: David Silva, Yaya Touré (both Manchester City), Scott Parker, Gareth Bale (both Tottenham Hotspur) Attack: Robin van Persie (Arsenal), Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) The PFA Young Player of the Year was awarded to Kyle Walker. The FWA Footballer of the Year was also awarded to Robin van Persie. The Premier League Golden Boot award went to Robin van Persie, who scored 30 goals throughout the season. The Premier League Golden Glove award was won by Joe Hart of Manchester City, who achieved 17", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15426427", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 10 Seasons Awards\"\nand Overall Player of the Decade, and was also given the Outstanding Contribution to the FA Premier League Award, as well as being recognised with the Top Goalscorer Award for scoring the most goals in the decade, at 204 Premier League goals. Eric Cantona was named Overseas Player of the Decade. David Beckham was awarded Goal of the Decade for his 60-yard goal against Wimbledon in 1996, while Peter Schmeichel was awarded Save of the Decade for a reflex save of a John Barnes header in 1997. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson was named Manager of the Decade, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14280196", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\nKnight touching the ball goalwards from close-range. Nine other saves from seven goalkeepers were short-listed for the public vote for Best Save: Gordon's save won with 18% of the public vote, beating Schmeichel's save for Manchester United against Newcastle into second place, and Jääskeläinen's save for Bolton Wanderers against Manchester United into third place. The award for Best Goal was given to Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney, for his goal against Manchester City at Old Trafford on 12 February 2011. After goals from Nani on 41 minutes and Manchester City David Silva on 65 minutes, Rooney's goal was the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5582099", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Kane\"\nThe hat-trick, his sixth of the year in the Premier League (eighth in all competitions), also made him the first player in Premier League history to score six hat-tricks in a year. With a total of 56 goals scored in all competitions for the year, he also became Europe's top goal scorer of 2017, breaking the seven-year dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo as Europe's top goalscorer in a calendar year. In January 2018, he scored twice in the 4–0 home win against Everton, and became Tottenham's top goalscorer in the Premier League era, breaking Teddy Sheringham's record of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2614096", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\n4–3 win against City won with 18% of the public vote, beating Liverpool's 4–3 win against Newcastle into second place with 15%, and Liverpool's 4–4 draw against Arsenal into third place with 14%. The award for Best Goal Celebration was given to Manchester United striker Eric Cantona, for his nonchalant celebration after he chipped the ball over the advancing Sunderland goalkeeper Lionel Pérez at Old Trafford in December 1996. Nine other celebrations were short-listed for the public vote for the Best Goal Celebration, including teams managerial staff: Cantona's celebration won with 26% of the public vote, beating LuaLua's celebration for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3154093", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea F.C.\"\nthe country, found that many clubs' main rivals had changed since 2003 and reported that Chelsea fans consider Tottenham to be their main rival, above Arsenal and Manchester United. Chelsea's highest appearance-maker is ex-captain Ron Harris, who played in 795 competitive games for the club between 1961 and 1980. The record for a Chelsea goalkeeper is held by Harris's contemporary, Peter Bonetti, who made 729 appearances (1959–79). With 103 caps (101 while at the club), Frank Lampard of England is Chelsea's most capped international player. Frank Lampard is Chelsea's all-time top goalscorer, with 211 goals in 648 games (2001–2014); he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2533735", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Eriksen\"\nassists was bettered only by Manchester City's Kevin De Bruyne who set up 18 goals for the season. Eriksen also recorded the joint-most assists in the FA Cup and later won the Tottenham Player of the Season award, claiming the award for the second time after previously winning it in his debut season with the club. Eriksen broke the record for the most goals scored by a Danish player in the Premier League when he scored his 33rd goal in a 3–2 win over West Ham United on 23 September 2017, surpassing the record previously held by Nicklas Bendtner. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1134116", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\ncreated a second Fantasy XI Team to compare to the public vote. In addition, a four fact-based awards were also given for Most Appearances, Top Goalscorer, Most Clean Sheets and Premier League 500 Club players. Barclays, the Premier League title sponsor also gave awards, for Best Photographer and Best Shot. Manchester United's Sir Alex Ferguson won the title of Best Manager. Along with him, four other managers were short-listed for the panel of judges vote for Best Manager: Manchester United's Ryan Giggs was voted as the Best Player. Giggs had played and scored in every Premier League season since its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9176262", "chunk_text": "\"Robbie Fowler\"\nRobbie Fowler Robert Bernard Fowler (born 9 April 1975) is an English former professional footballer and manager who played as a striker from 1993 to 2012. Fowler was known for being a natural scorer with an instinctive goal-poaching ability. Fowler is best remembered for his time at Liverpool and is the sixth-highest goalscorer in the history of the Premier League. He scored 183 goals in total for Liverpool, 128 of which were scored in the Premier League (162 Premier League goals in total). He earned the nickname \"\"God\"\" from the Anfield crowd, becoming a club legend due to his ruthlessness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19632059", "chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry\"\nascendancy of other clubs including local rivals of both (Chelsea,Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City). Arsenal and Manchester United first played a competitive match in October 1894; as of April 2018, the two clubs have faced each other 228 times in total. United have won 96 to Arsenal's 82, and 50 matches have ended in a draw. Wayne Rooney has scored the most goals in the fixture with 12, while Ryan Giggs has made the highest number of appearances with 50. Several players have featured for both clubs at different stages of their career, including Brian Kidd, Andy Cole, David Platt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15426426", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 10 Seasons Awards\"\nteam categories, both a Domestic (British) and Overseas Team of the Decade was named, and from those two teams an Overall Team of the Decade was picked as: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Marcel Desailly, Denis Irwin, David Beckham, Patrick Vieira, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Alan Shearer and Eric Cantona. The rest of the Domestic team were David Seaman, Steve Bruce, Stuart Pearce, Paul Ince and Michael Owen, while the rest of the Overseas team composed of Dan Petrescu, Jaap Stam, Fredrik Ljungberg, Roy Keane, Robert Pires and Thierry Henry. Alan Shearer was named Domestic Player of the Decade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20253838", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Glove\"\nplayed for Manchester City in each of his four winning seasons and they are the club that has received the award the most. Čech and Hart's four awards mean Czech and English goalkeepers have won the Golden Glove the most, ahead of Spain with three. Both Pepe Reina and Hart have won the award in three consecutive seasons, which is a record. Čech set the record for matches without conceding a goal in a single season – with 24 – to win the inaugural award in 2005. During the 2008–09 season, Edwin van der Sar surpassed Čech's previous record of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6114583", "chunk_text": "\"2013–14 Premier League\"\ndraw in two of their last three matches, combined with Manchester City winning their final five league matches, ultimately meant they finished in second place with 84 points. Chelsea finished third and Arsenal, who led the table for the longest period, finished fourth. Manchester United had a disappointing season attempting to defend their title and ended up seventh, a then-joint worst performance for Premier League holders. Norwich City, Fulham, and Cardiff City finished in the bottom three and were relegated to the Football League Championship. Luis Suárez won the scoring title with 31 goals, and was also named Player of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16435530", "chunk_text": "\"Scottish Premier League\"\nstadia were used by clubs in the Scottish Premier League. This table is a cumulative record of all SPL matches played. The table is accurate from the 1998–99 season to the end of the 2012–13 season, inclusive. Kilmarnock and Rangers player Kris Boyd scored the most goals in the SPL, with 167 goals. He broke the previous record of 158, set by Henrik Larsson, by scoring five goals for Rangers in a 7–1 win against Dundee United on 30 December 2009. Boyd and Larsson were the only players who scored more than 100 goals in the SPL era. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4593170", "chunk_text": "\"Les Ferdinand\"\nLes Ferdinand Leslie Ferdinand MBE (born 8 December 1966) is an English former footballer and current football coach and Director of Football at his former club Queens Park Rangers. A former striker, his playing career included spells at Queens Park Rangers, Beşiktaş, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers, Reading and Watford during which period he earned 17 caps for England. Ferdinand is the eighth highest scorer in the Premier League with 149 goals. He is the cousin of football-playing brothers Rio and Anton Ferdinand and Woking player Kane Ferdinand. He was made an MBE in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2081509", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Brook\"\nSecond World War having disrupted the normal league programme. In over eleven years with Manchester City, Brook scored 177 goals in 494 appearances. He was the all-time highest Manchester City goalscorer until his tally was surpassed by Sergio Aguero in 2017. Only five players have appeared for Manchester City more times than Eric Brook: Alan Oakes, Joe Corrigan, Mike Doyle, Bert Trautmann and Colin Bell. Of the 158 league goals Brook scored for City, 145 were scored in the first division. The only left wingers to have scored more goals in the top flight of English football are Cliff Bastin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15296177", "chunk_text": "\"Ruud van Nistelrooy\"\na 3–2 win. In total during his first season, Van Nistelrooy scored 23 goals in 32 league games. He broke the record he shared with Mark Stein, Alan Shearer and Thierry Henry, by scoring in eight consecutive league games. He also scored ten Champions League goals, and was named the PFA Players' Player of the Year. The following season, he finished as the top Premier League scorer with 25 goals in 34 games, with a goal on the final day against Everton earning him the Golden Boot ahead of Arsenal's Thierry Henry. His tally included three hat-tricks against Newcastle United,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17624765", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Season\"\nthe Player of the Season award. Four of these players – Kevin Phillips, Henry, Ronaldo and Luis Suárez – went on to win the European Golden Shoe in the same season. 11 players have won the Premier League trophy with their respective clubs in the same year they received the award, with Ronaldo and Vidić each accomplishing the feat on two occasions with Manchester United. Ronaldo is the only player to be named Player of the Season and win the FIFA World Player of the Year; when he accomplished this in 2008, he became the first player from the Premier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8554824", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Lineker\"\nand scoring 48 goals over an eight-year international career, and is England's third highest scorer, behind Bobby Charlton and Wayne Rooney. His international goals-to-games ratio remains one of the best for the country and he is regarded as one of the all-time best English strikers. He was top scorer in the 1986 World Cup and received the Golden Boot, the only time an Englishman had done so until Harry Kane in the 2018 World Cup. He is also the only player to have been the top scorer in England with three clubs (Leicester City, Everton and Tottenham Hotspur). Even though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17943610", "chunk_text": "\"2002–03 FA Premier League\"\nArsenal. The Premier League Golden Boot award was also won by Ruud van Nistelrooy who scored 25 goals in 38 league matches and 44 in all competitions. He also equalled his record of eight goals in eight successive matches at the beginning of the season, a milestone he had reached the previous season. Van Nistelrooy finished one goal ahead of Arsenal's Thierry Henry while James Beattie managed 23 league goals for Southampton. Since the reduction of the number of games from 42 to 38 in 1996, only Kevin Phillips had scored more Premiership goals in one season – 30 for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234739", "chunk_text": "\"Wayne Rooney\"\nWayne Rooney Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985) is an English professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club D.C. United. He has played much of his career as a forward, and he has also been used in various midfield roles. He is the record goalscorer for the England national team and for Manchester United. At club level, he has won every honour available in English, European and Continental football, with the exception of the European Super Cup. Along with Michael Carrick, he is the only English player to win the Premier League, FA Cup, UEFA Champions League,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9782792", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Tambling\"\nlater played in the 1978 FIFA World Cup Final. Argentina won this game 3–1. On these two occasions Tambling was a Waterford United player. Bobby Tambling Robert Victor Tambling (born 18 September 1941) is an English former professional footballer, who played as a forward, most notably for Chelsea, Crystal Palace and England. He was Chelsea's all-time top scorer for 47 years, with 202 goals in all competitions until Frank Lampard surpassed this total on 11 May 2013. Tambling remains Chelsea's all-time top scorer in league competition with 164 goals. After enjoying a successful career in the Football League during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1536755", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Vardy\"\nPremier League after Ruud van Nistelrooy (twice) and Daniel Sturridge, in a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. A week later, he won and scored a penalty to secure a 2–1 win over Watford, putting him on nine consecutive matches with a goal, behind Van Nistelrooy's Premier League record of ten. Vardy also became the first player in the Premiership to score in nine consecutive matches in a single season, as Van Nistelrooy's 10 matches were at the end of the 2002–03 season and the beginning of the 2003–04 season. For his run of good form, Vardy was the Premier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14106359", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Kane\"\n97 Premier League goals for the club. On 4 February, Kane scored an added-time penalty to equalise in a 2–2 draw with Liverpool at Anfield for his 100th Premier League goal; he achieved the century of league goals in 141 games, beaten only by Alan Shearer's 124. He was named in the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth consecutive season in April 2018, alongside fellow forwards Mohamed Salah and Sergio Agüero. On 8 June, Kane signed a new contract to keep him at the club until 2024. Kane started the season opener against Newcastle United without scoring, before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_129	who is the richest club in the championship?	n/a	[ "Manchester City", "Aston Villa" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20704279", "chunk_text": "\"2008–09 in English football\"\nThe race to get into the Premier League is being headed by Wolverhampton Wanderers, Preston North End and Birmingham City who are level on 10 points at the top of the Football League Championship after four games. 1 September 2008: Manchester City are taken over by the Abu Dhabi group to become the richest club in England, and pay a national record £32.4million for Real Madrid and Brazil striker Robinho, while Manchester United pay a club record £30.75million for Tottenham Hotspur and Bulgaria striker Dimitar Berbatov. In League Two, Kevin Bond becomes the first manager to be removed of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340116", "chunk_text": "\"Deloitte Football Money League\"\nadded to the list for the first time. Portugal's Benfica is the third club from the Iberian Peninsula among the top 20 in the world, after Spain's Real Madrid and Barcelona. In the rankings for the 2004–05 season, Real Madrid longs run at the top. Three clubs that had appeared in the previous season's top twenty (Marseille, Rangers, and Aston Villa) were replaced by Lyon, Everton, and Valencia. In the 2003–04 season, five clubs recorded revenues of over €200m with Manchester United once again being ranked as the richest club in Europe. English clubs dominated the money league for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "409438", "chunk_text": "\"Deloitte Football Money League\"\nEuropean champions A.C. Milan moved up to sixth place while runners-up Liverpool moved two places up to eighth. Italian champions Internazionale moved down two places to 9th while Bayern Munich moved up a spot to seventh. Juventus' relegation into Serie B saw them move nine places down to 12th place. The total revenue of the top 20 richest clubs in the world is now over €3.3 billion. Barcelona gained four places in the ranking for this year, making the two richest clubs both from Spain. England has the largest number of clubs in the list. A club from Portugal was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11542919", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 in English football\"\nthe teams relegated from the Premier League last season - Swansea City, West Bromwich Albion, and Stoke City - have managed to join the Championship promotion race yet and stand 10th, 11th, and 17th respectively. Leeds United and Middlesbrough take an early lead in the Championship and stand three points clear of third-placed Bolton Wanderers. Aston Villa, newly-promoted Blackburn Rovers, Derby County, and Sheffield United hold fourth to seventh place on 9 points each, with Derby only ahead of United because of alphabetical order. Reading (23rd) and Ipswich Town share joint bottom, while Birmingham City stand above Queens Park Rangers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714582", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations\"\nfor the two \"\"Old Firm\"\" clubs. However, because of mediocre performances in recent years, the SPL champions no longer qualify automatically for the Champions League group stages and are now largely confined to the much less lucrative Europa League. There was also concern at the heavy debt being loaded onto some clubs as a result of new owners borrowing heavily to acquire the club and then using future earnings to pay the interest, a practice known as a leveraged buyout. The world's richest club, Manchester United, was bought in this way by the Glazer family in 2005 after which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5843825", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Bates\"\nof his reign, Chelsea were regularly finishing in the top six of the Premier League and had won their first major trophies since the 1970s, although they had a debt burden of around £80 million. In July 2003, he sold the club to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich from whom he received approximately £18 million. In January 2005, Bates bought a 50% stake in Leeds United, another club struggling under a heavy debt burden. In May 2007, Leeds entered administration, and were relegated to League One. The Club regained Championship status in 2010 and, in May 2011, it was confirmed that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14410324", "chunk_text": "\"Association football culture\"\nclubs' inability to manage the ever-increasing amounts of money in football as the \"\"prune juice effect\"\"; clubs expenditure continually outnumbering the profits coming from sponsorships and prize money. While most grassroot clubs and lower division league teams struggle to make ends meet, large clubs can make significant revenue. For example, sides such as Manchester United and Real Madrid are considered amongst the richest in the world, with a global support base. Chelsea has also undergone a transformation, purchasing a number of expensive football players after itself being purchased by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich. In 2008, Manchester City became the richest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926846", "chunk_text": "\"EFL Championship\"\n(1892–1992). The winners of the Championship receive the Football League Championship trophy, the same trophy as the old First Division champions were handed prior to the Premier League's inception in 1992. The Championship is the wealthiest non-top flight football division in the world and the seventh richest division in Europe. With an average match attendance for the 2016–17 season of 20,130 the Championship ranked second after the German 2. Bundesliga as the most-watched secondary league in the world. Barnsley have spent more seasons at the second level of English football than any other team and on 3 January 2011 became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15530727", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 EFL Championship\"\nat Wembley Stadium in the play-off final. The game is known as the richest game in football as the winning club is guaranteed significantly increased television rights payments estimated to be in the order of £170M. Attendances accurate as of 12/03/2017. 2016–17 EFL Championship The 2016–17 EFL Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the first season of the EFL Championship under its current name, and the twenty-fifth season under its current league structure. Newcastle United were crowned the champions and were promoted to Premier League after just one season in the championship. Brighton and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4339896", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Bates\"\nand Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. However, its future was threatened by an estimated debt burden of £80 million, yet it was secured against the club's ground, Stamford Bridge. In 2003, he sold the club to Russian oil billionaire Roman Abramovich for a sum of £140 million, making a £17 million profit. Bruce Buck, the current chairman, was in charge of the club's sale to Roman Abramovich. After the takeover, Bates was investigated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) for allegedly owning undeclared shares in Chelsea Village plc, but the case was eventually dropped. He stayed on as club chairman until March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3682355", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Coates\"\nI with the York and Lancaster Regiment where he was rewarded with a Military Medal. In December 2014 it was announced that he would have a street named after him in Stoke-on-Trent. Coates was awarded honorary degrees from Staffordshire University in 2008, and Keele University in 2011. Peter Coates Peter Coates (born 13 January 1938) is an English businessman and current Chairman of the Stoke City Football Club. He has been listed as the 25th richest person in British football. He founded Stadia Catering in the 1960s and Signal Radio in 1983. Peter Coates was born in Goldenhill, Stoke-on-Trent, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342211", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 Football League Championship\"\nWednesday, played at Wembley Stadium on 28 May 2016 in the play-off final, where Hull City won 1–0. The game is known as the richest game in football as the winning club is guaranteed significantly increased payments e.g. in the 2016-17 season the minimum payment for participating in the Premier League was £95 million. Due to a new TV rights deal, the average payment for a newly promoted club stood at around £100 million. 2015–16 Football League Championship The 2015–16 Football League Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the twelfth season of the Football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714695", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations\"\nwould continue the legal fight. Early in the close season, French club Monaco, recently bought by Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev, spent £51 million on Radamel Falcao in addition to João Moutinho and James Rodríguez for a further £60 million. Manchester City, meanwhile, also spent close to £50 million in June 2013 on two players, Fernandinho and Jesús Navas, and despite their elevation to the position of the world's highest-paid sports team—with an average first-team squad member wage of £100,764 per week, more than £7,000 higher than that of the second-placed team, American baseball side Los Angeles Dodgers—Manchester City chief executive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17776944", "chunk_text": "\"Deloitte Football Money League\"\nDeloitte Football Money League The Deloitte Football Money League is a ranking of football clubs by revenue generated from football operations. It is produced annually by the accountancy firm Deloitte and released in early February of each year, describing the season most recently finished. For the fourth year running, the top 4 teams were Real Madrid, Barcelona, Manchester United and Bayern Munich, with Real Madrid becoming the first team to generate over €500 million in revenue. Manchester City, Borussia Dortmund and Napoli continued their meteoric rises up the table. The total revenue of the 20 richest clubs in the footballing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3359485", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Ashley (businessman)\"\nMike Ashley (businessman) Michael James Wallace Ashley (born 9 September 1964) is a British billionaire retail entrepreneur in the sporting goods market. He entered the department store industry following the acquisition of House of Fraser following administration in 2018. He is also the owner of Newcastle United after paying around £135 million to buy the club. Ranked 15th (in Britain only) in the 2012 version of \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine with estimated wealth of £1.5 billion, Ashley was seen as an intensely private person, who never attended industry functions or gave interviews. Philip Beresford, who compiles the annual \"\"Sunday Times\"\" list, said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11866006", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nsalary bill for the 20 Premier League clubs in the 2018-19 was £1.62bn, this compares to £1.05bn in La Liga, £0.83bn in Serie A, £0.72bn in Bundesliga, and £0.54bn in Ligue 1. The club with the highest average wages is Manchester United at £6.5m. This is smaller than the club with the highest wage bill in Spain (Barcelona £10.5m), and Italy (Juventus £6.7m), but higher than in Germany (Bayern Munich £6.4m), and France (Paris St Germain 6.1m). Th ratio of the wages of the highest paid team to lowest paid in the Premier League is 6.82 to 1. This is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18449973", "chunk_text": "Unibet\nwinners at other high-profile events such as the EGaming Review (EGR) Awards. EGR Awards handed down to Unibet include a number given in recognition of their online poker client, sportsbook, general innovation and social responsibility. Unibet sponsor a wide range of major sports teams and events. The brand is, for instance, the official betting partner of three different English football league teams, in the shape of Aston Villa, Preston North End, and Middlesbrough. Away from football, Unibet also have the same relationship with Warwickshire County Cricket Club. As well as partnering with specific teams across various sports, Unibet are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20754227", "chunk_text": "\"Chinese Super League\"\nCSL player has risen rapidly since the investment boost started in 2015. The six most expensive transfers with players coming to CSL have exceeded €30 million, with Chelsea selling Oscar to Shanghai SIPG in December 2016 for a fee of €60 million, Zenit Saint Petersburg selling Hulk to Shanghai SIPG for €55.8 million in July 2016, Shakhtar Donetsk selling Alex Teixeira to Jiangsu Suning for €50 million in February 2016, Atlético Madrid selling Jackson Martínez to Guangzhou Evergrande for €42 million in February 2016, Villarreal selling Cédric Bakambu to Beijing Sinobo Guoan for €40 million in February 2018, Atlético Madrid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2450283", "chunk_text": "\"Mel Morris (businessman)\"\nMel Morris (businessman) Melvyn Morris CBE is an English businessman, who currently owns Championship football club, Derby County F.C and is listed as one of the richest people in the UK. He gained a large part of his fortune through his backing of King, the firm behind the mobile game Candy Crush Saga. He was born and raised in the Littleover area of Derby. Out of school, he first worked as a tile and flooring manager at a company he helped to establish in Spain, before venturing into entrepreneurship. After leaving the flooring firm, he returned to the UK to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1108448", "chunk_text": "\"Professional sports\"\nmillion in that season. Premier League salaries have boomed in more recent years thanks to massive television deals and wealthy new investors in clubs. Terry's and Gerrard's 2010–11 salaries would not have placed them among the top 25 earners in 2017–18. In that season, more than 20 players earned more than £10 million, led by Alexis Sánchez (£21.5 million) and Mesut Özil (£20.9 million). The Premier League's two Manchester clubs had the highest average salaries in 2017–18, with players for both Manchester United and Manchester City averaging over £5.2 million. Players in lower divisions make significantly less money. In 2006–07", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124097", "chunk_text": "\"EFL Championship\"\nhold exclusive national rights to broadcast audio commentary of a selection of Championship matches live to the whole of the United Kingdom; most headline matches are broadcast on either talkSPORT or talkSPORT2. However, BBC Sport does have the rights to broadcast audio commentary for BBC Local Radio in an area with a Championship team. The following 24 clubs are competing in the Championship during the 2018–19 season. EFL Championship The English Football League Championship (often referred to as the Championship for short or the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) is the highest division of the English Football League (EFL)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9277307", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Ashley (businessman)\"\ntool of a mobile phone in a plastic carrier bag rather than a briefcase. Mike Ashley (businessman) Michael James Wallace Ashley (born 9 September 1964) is a British billionaire retail entrepreneur in the sporting goods market. He entered the department store industry following the acquisition of House of Fraser following administration in 2018. He is also the owner of Newcastle United after paying around £135 million to buy the club. Ranked 15th (in Britain only) in the 2012 version of \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine with estimated wealth of £1.5 billion, Ashley was seen as an intensely private person, who never attended industry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1543459", "chunk_text": "\"Supporters' trust\"\nhelp the club. Thousand of people invested, including 2nd richest man Carlos Slim and Youtuber Spencer Owen (aka Spencer F.C). As was the case for Ebbsfleet United. About 100 football trusts currently have shares in their clubs. There are many Rugby League supporters' trusts currently in the UK who run and operate their respective clubs, such as Rochdale Hornets for example, likewise, so do some rugby union clubs, for example Friends of Newport Rugby, representing Newport RFC. Supporters' trust In British sports, a supporters' trust is a formal, democratic and not-for-profit organisation of fans who attempt to strengthen the influence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14732818", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Ratcliffe\"\nby the prospect of Brexit. Full year 2015 EBITDA was €577 million compared to €253 million for 2014. On 13 November 2017, Ratcliffe became the owner of FC Lausanne-Sport, a Swiss Super League football club. In the \"\"Sunday Times Rich List 2018\"\" he was named as the richest man in the UK, with a net worth of £21.05 billion. In May 2009, Ratcliffe was granted an honorary fellowship by the Institution of Chemical Engineers citing “his sustained leadership in building the Ineos Group.” In 2013 he received the Petrochemical Heritage Award. Ratcliffe was appointed Knight Bachelor in the 2018 Birthday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4193856", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Coates\"\nPeter Coates Peter Coates (born 13 January 1938) is an English businessman and current Chairman of the Stoke City Football Club. He has been listed as the 25th richest person in British football. He founded Stadia Catering in the 1960s and Signal Radio in 1983. Peter Coates was born in Goldenhill, Stoke-on-Trent, the youngest of 14 children. His father was a miner and had a keen interest in football, where they regularly attended Stoke City's Victoria Ground. Coates signed for the club on amateur terms in the 1950s, but admitted he was \"\"not quite good enough\"\" to make it as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13044960", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Xia\"\ncan sell some of them for the same amount or more.\"\" In 2018, his estimated wealth was £1bn. Xia uses the English name Tony Xia. Tony Xia Tony Jiantong Xia (; born 26 October 1976) is a billionaire Chinese businessman. He is the chairman, CEO and owner of Recon Group. In June 2016, Recon Group bought Aston Villa Football Club from American businessman Randy Lerner, with Xia becoming chairman of the club. On July 14th 2018, Xia sold his majority stake in the club to American businessmen Nassef Sawiris and Wesley Edens, trading under their business name NSWE, and became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11790818", "chunk_text": "\"1997–98 in English football\"\nback on track by climbing into third place. Chelsea and Liverpool complete the top five, with the unfashionable Leicester City, Derby County and Wimbledon putting immense pressure on them. A dismal run of form has pushed Bolton Wanderers into bottom place, while Barnsley occupying the next lowest position and Sheffield Wednesday completing the bottom three. Nottingham Forest remain top of Division One, while Swindon Town's surprise challenge for a second promotion in three seasons continues as they now occupy second place. Middlesbrough, West Bromwich Albion, Bradford City and Charlton Athletic complete the top six. 1 November 1997 – Manchester United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8830587", "chunk_text": "\"Professional sports\"\nthe average salary of a player in the Championship (the second tier of the English football pyramid) made £195,750 while the average salary for League One and League Two (tiers 3 and 4) combined were £49,600. The highest salary in Major League Soccer in 2018 is the $7.1 million paid to Italian international Sebastian Giovinco, who plays for Toronto FC. Giovinco was signed as a beneficiary of MLS' Designated Player Rule, which was instituted in 2007 for the express purpose of attracting international stars. Now-retired English star David Beckham was the first player signed under its provisions. When the rule", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230777", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nentitled to a greater share of revenue due to the greater stature of their clubs globally and the attractive football they aim to play. Objectors argue that the egalitarian revenue structure in the Premier League helps to maintain a competitive league which is vital for its future success. The 2016–17 Deloitte Football Money League report showed the financial disparity between the \"\"Big Six\"\" and the rest of the division. All of the \"\"Big Six\"\" had revenues greater than €350 million, with Manchester United having the largest revenue in the league at €676.3 million. Leicester City was the closest club to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5561459", "chunk_text": "\"Burnley F.C.\"\nmillion, from Everton for defender Michael Keane in July 2017, while the highest transfer fee paid by the club to date was both for forward Chris Wood from Leeds United in August 2017 and for defender Ben Gibson from Middlesbrough in August 2018, the pair were reported to be bought for a fee of £15 million each. When forward Bob Kelly moved from Burnley to Sunderland for £6,550 in 1925, he broke the world football transfer record. As of the 2018–19 season, Burnley have played 120 seasons in English league football. 56 of these have been spent in the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714597", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations\"\nmajority shareholder of PSG after buying 70% of the shares in 2011 by buying the club in a deal worth €50 million, which covered an estimated €15–20 million in debt and losses of €19 million from the 2010–11 season. PSG splashed a French record €108 million and were the biggest spenders in the world for the 2011–12 season. In the English Premier League, Chelsea's massive transfer spending since 2003 has been paid for by their owner, the Russian oil and gas billionaire Roman Abramovich, while Manchester City is owned by one of the world's richest men, Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13993603", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of Manchester\"\nManchester is also popularly known for its major football clubs, Manchester City and Manchester United, both have a combined revenue of €1,213.9m (Manchester City - €524.9m and Manchester United - €689m). Both clubs popularity makes Manchester the richest footballing city in the UK by revenue. Only London, with three clubs (€1,195.6m - total revenue of Chelsea F.C., Arsenal F.C. and Tottenham Hotspur) can boast comparable figures according to the 2015-16 Deloitte Money League table. Manchester has a range of restaurants, bars, and clubs, spanning the famous \"\"Curry Mile\"\" in Rusholme to traditional ‘grub’. The Chinatown area of the city features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "105952", "chunk_text": "\"History of Queens Park Rangers F.C.\"\neffect to facilitate potential new investment. This was followed by a statement made on 1 September that the board had recommended that shareholders accept an offer for QPR from motor racing tycoons Flavio Briatore and Bernie Ecclestone. The club was purchased for £1 million with an agreement to discharge some £13 million of debt. Ecclestone later revealed the new owners' intention to return QPR to the Premiership within 4 years. On 20 December 2007, it was announced that the Mittal family, headed by the world's 5th richest person, Lakshmi Mittal, had taken a 20% stake in the club. Mittal's son", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5733124", "chunk_text": "\"Aston Villa F.C.\"\nGroup, owned by Chinese businessman Xia Jiantong. The sale was completed on 14 June 2016 for a reported £76 million after being approved by the Football League, with the club becoming part of Recon Group's Sport, Leisure and Tourism division. Recon Group were selected to take over Aston Villa following a selection process by the club. After failing to secure promotion to the Premier League in the 2017–18 season speculation about financial difficulties at the club began to mount. This prompted the owner Tony Xia to seek additional investment. On 20 July 2018 it was announced that the NSWE group,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13610272", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Gibson (businessman)\"\nexplain the reconciliation. In March 2017, Gibson revealed that he would support the election of Labour's Sue Jeffrey in the forthcoming Tees Valley mayoral election. In May 2017, Gibson sent out a message of support to 1000s of local residents for James Wharton's re-election campaign in the form of a letter. Steve Gibson (businessman) Stephen Gibson (born 9 January 1958) is a British entrepreneur, politician and the chairman/owner of Middlesbrough Football Club. In 2012, he was 451st on the \"\"Sunday Times Rich List\"\", with an estimated worth of £165 million. A self-made millionaire, Gibson was born in Middlesbrough and raised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "122274", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea F.C.\"\nseventh most valuable football club in the world, at £1.54 billion ($2.06 billion) and in the 2016–17 season it was the eighth highest-earning football club in the world, having earned €428 million. In 1904, Gus Mears acquired the Stamford Bridge athletics stadium with the aim of turning it into a football ground. An offer to lease it to nearby Fulham was turned down, so Mears opted to found his own club to use the stadium. As there was already a team named Fulham in the borough, the name of the adjacent borough of Chelsea was chosen for the new club;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2994455", "chunk_text": "\"Greater Manchester\"\nbody in Greater Manchester, and is committed to its promotion and development. Manchester United F.C. are one of the world's best-known football teams, and in 2008 and 2017 \"\"Forbes\"\" estimated that they were the world's richest club. They have won the League Championship a record twenty times (most recently in 2012-2013), the FA Cup twelve times, the Football League Cup five times and have been European Champions three times. Their Old Trafford ground has hosted the FA Cup Final England international matches and the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final between Juventus and A.C. Milan. Manchester City F.C. moved from Maine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966010", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League–Football League gulf\"\nthe club. The club had amassed debts of £186 million to their previous owner Eddie Davies, of which £171 million was eventually written off in order to assist with selling the club. Bolton Wanderers and its parent company Sports Shield BWFC, have faced multiple winding up petitions from HM Revenue and Customs for unpaid loan debts to various external businesses amounting to approximately £30 million; including an unpaid £5 million loan to BluMarble, a finance company that had provided funds to facilitate a takeover deal for the club in March 2017, and an overdue loan debt of £5.5 million to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3277965", "chunk_text": "\"David Sullivan (businessman)\"\nDavid Sullivan (businessman) David Sullivan (born 5 February 1949) is a Welsh businessman and former pornographer. He graduated in Economics from Queen Mary College, University of London. From 1986 to 2007, he owned the \"\"Daily Sport\"\" and \"\"Sunday Sport\"\" which he sold for £40 million. In April 2016, Sullivan was named by \"\"The Sunday Times\"\" as Britain's 117th equal richest man, with assets valued at £1bn. He is the Joint-Chairman and largest single shareholder of Premier League football team West Ham United F.C. He was previously Joint-Chairman of Birmingham City F.C. Born in Cardiff, the son of an RAF serviceman,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2100619", "chunk_text": "\"Newcastle United F.C.\"\nteam enters the field to \"\"Local Hero\"\", written by Newcastle native Mark Knopfler, while \"\"Blaydon Races\"\" is invariably sung during games. The club has been owned by Mike Ashley since 2007, succeeding long term chairman and owner Sir John Hall. The club is the 17th-highest revenue producing club in the world in terms of annual revenue, generating €169.3 million in 2015. Historically, Newcastle's highest placing was in 1999, when they were the fifth-highest revenue producing football club in the world, and second in England only behind Manchester United. The first record of football being played on Tyneside dates from 3", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14738515", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Beane\"\nComolli and Arsenal owner Stan Kroenke allowed him to delve deep into the world of English football. In March 2015, the Dutch football club AZ Alkmaar, under general director Robert Eenhoorn, a former Major Leaguer, hired Beane as an advisor. On December 19, 2017 Beane became part of a consortium to purchase Barnsley Football Club, which is based in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England and plays football in League One, the third tier of the English football league. On January 4, 2007, the software company NetSuite named Beane to its board of directors. NetSuite co-founder Evan Goldberg cited Beane's ability to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6695238", "chunk_text": "\"Queens Park Rangers F.C.\"\nthe club's new owners – which included the then world's eighth richest man, Lakshmi Mittal – sparked speculation that QPR would receive significant further investment from their new benefactors, drawing parallels with their wealthy West London neighbours Chelsea and Fulham. However, no significant further funds were made available to the club other than those injected as part of the purchase of its share capital, and much of the subsequent player transfer activity involved loan acquisitions or free transfers. Indeed, it was reported in January 2008 that the investors had not discharged the £10 million loan from ABC Corporation – secured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1059746", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nEurope at 43 percent, ahead of Manchester United and Arsenal at 46 percent and 50 percent, respectively. In 2013, \"\"Forbes\"\" listed the club as the world's most valuable sports team, worth $3.3 billion. It was valued at €3.47 billion ($4.1 billion) in 2018, and in the 2016–17 season it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €674.6 million. The second highest paid sports team in the world – after Barcelona – in November 2018 the average first-team pay at Real Madrid was £8.1m ($10.6m) per year. Real Madrid was the featured club in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20047246", "chunk_text": "\"Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha\"\nwas ranked by \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine as the 5th richest man in Thailand, reportedly worth US$4.9 billion, as of 28 October 2018. In August 2010, the Asia Football Investments consortium including Vichai and his son Aiyawatt purchased English Football League Championship club Leicester City. He succeeded Milan Mandarić as chairman of the club in February 2011 while continuing as owner, and Aiyawatt became the vice chairman. In July 2011, the club's formerly named Walkers Stadium was renamed the King Power Stadium. Leicester City went on to win the 2015–16 Premier League title after starting the season as 5000/1 rank outsiders. Shortly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7053306", "chunk_text": "Betfred\nthe country, including Newmarket, Epsom and Cheltenham. In August 2017, Betfred appointed former Nottingham Forest and England footballer Stuart Pearce as its brand ambassador. The company believed Pearce to be the epitome of Betfred; uncomplicated. In September 2017, Betfred celebrated their fiftieth year of business. A documentary film about the history of the company was released on the official Betfred Youtube channel. In July 2018, Betfred won a court case against HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). The ruling states that Betfred overpaid Value-Added Tax (VAT), and could see a £100 million refund. In November 2018, legal action is planned against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "752440", "chunk_text": "\"Wes Edens\"\nhobbies include horse jumping and mountain climbing. Wes Edens Wesley Robert Edens is an American businessman, private equity investor and sports team owner. A cofounder of Fortress Investment Group and founder of New Fortress Energy, Edens is also a co-owner of the Milwaukee Bucks, a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along with Marc Lasry. He also owns the League of Legends team FlyQuest. A group consisting of Edens and Nassef Sawiris injected cash into English Championship club Aston Villa in July 2018, becoming majority shareholders. In his teenage years, Edens was a competitive skier. Edens received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340118", "chunk_text": "\"Deloitte Football Money League\"\nWembley in May earned them a total of €51m. Despite the loss, Manchester United got even more €53m. Deloitte Football Money League The Deloitte Football Money League is a ranking of football clubs by revenue generated from football operations. It is produced annually by the accountancy firm Deloitte and released in early February of each year, describing the season most recently finished. For the fourth year running, the top 4 teams were Real Madrid, Barcelona, Manchester United and Bayern Munich, with Real Madrid becoming the first team to generate over €500 million in revenue. Manchester City, Borussia Dortmund and Napoli", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1216650", "chunk_text": "\"Ross McCormack\"\nthere. In 2008 McCormack joined Championship club Cardiff City upon the expiry of his contract. In 2010, he moved to Leeds United for a fee of around £350,000, eventually becoming their captain. In the 2013–14 season, he was the Championship top scorer with 28 goals, prompting a transfer to Fulham in July 2014 for an undisclosed fee. He scored 42 goals in 100 competitive appearances over two years at Fulham, and was signed by Aston Villa for a £12 million fee. He fell out of favour with Villa manager Steve Bruce and has since been loaned to Nottingham Forest, Melbourne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5007140", "chunk_text": "\"Bob McNair\"\nprivate investment company that manages the McNairs' public and private equity investments, and was Chairman of The McNair Foundation. In June 2000, McNair formed a biotechnology investment firm, Cogene Biotech Ventures, where he served as company chairman. He was rumored to be interested in buying a soccer club in the United Kingdom, and twice went to visit St Andrews, home of Championship team, Birmingham City F.C., who have been up for sale for the past two years. On January 3, 2014, a consortium headed by McNair made a bid to purchase Reading F.C. of the Championship, but were unsuccessful. Committed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18738630", "chunk_text": "\"Stewart Donald\"\ngiving free bottles of water to players who would only drink half; he saved the team £500 by stopping this. In July 2015, Donald paid £500,000 to buy a 10% stake in Oxford United, the club he had supported his whole life and previously donated to. He did not become a member of the board due to conflict of interest relating to his role at Eastleigh. In April 2018, Donald was chosen to be the leader of a consortium offering to purchase Sunderland, who were put up for sale by billionaire owner Ellis Short after a second successive relegation to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_130	total number of mna in pakistan national assembly?	n/a	[ "332 members", "332" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889493", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nNational Assembly of Pakistan The National Assembly of Pakistan () is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 137 seats to obtain and preserve a majority. Members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11481304", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nPakistan's ideology or worked against the integrity of the country, after its establishment in 1947. The National Assembly has a total of 342 members, including 60 seats reserved for women and 10 for minorities, as per Article 51 . The seats in the National Assembly are allocated to each Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and the Federal Capital on the basis of population, as officially published in the last preceding census. The present allocation of seats is as under: The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term on the basis of adult franchise and one person, one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889507", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nto any matter under its consideration and may hear expert evidence and hold public hearing. The composition of the National Assembly is specified in Article 51 of the Constitution of Pakistan. There are a total of 342 seats in the National Assembly. Of these, 272 are filled by direct elections. In addition, the Pakistani Constitution reserves 10 seats for religious minorities and 60 seats for women, to be filled by proportional representation among parties with more than 5% of the vote. As of 2006, there are 72 women members in the Assembly. Members of the National Assembly are elected by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889499", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nAssembly consists of 342 members. The Constitution does not empower the President to dissolve the National Assembly. The Senate is not subject to dissolution. Only the Parliament can amend the Constitution, by two-thirds majority vote separately in each House. The Constitution of Pakistan lists a number of requirements for members of the National Assembly in Article 62. The constitution also details a number of disqualifications in Article 63, which include mental instability, insolvency, criminal conviction and accepting dual-citizenship or relinquishing their Pakistani nationality, among others. Furthermore, an individual would stand disqualified if he or she is found to have opposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949227", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nPakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments. Elections in Pakistan are conducted under the supervision of Election Commission of Pakistan. The country offers a multi-party system, with numerous parties. Frequently, no single party holds a majority, and therefore parties must form alliances during or after elections, with coalition governments forming out of negotiations between parties. The Parliament of Pakistan consists of the president and two houses to be known respectively as National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly consists of 342 Seats including 60 seats reserved for Women and 10 Seats reserved for Non-Muslims. The Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2718958", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nthe Member dies or resigns. The tenure of the National Assembly also comes to an end if dissolved on the advice of the Prime Minister or by the president in his discretion under the Constitution. The Parliament meets at the Parliament House building in Islamabad, where debating chambers for both houses are present. Until 1960, the Parliament House was located in Karachi. Qaumi Assembly (English: National Assembly of Pakistan) is the lower house of the parliament. The National Assembly has 342 seats, 272 of which are directly elected, 60 are reserved for women and a further 10 for religious minorities.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6808310", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\norgan and a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate consists of 104 members, of whom 14 members are elected by each Provincial Assembly, 8 members are elected from Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs) by the Members of National Assembly from these areas, 2 members, 1 woman and 1 Technocrat is elected from the Federal Capital by the Members of National Assembly, 4 women and 4 Technocrats are elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly. And 1 Non - Muslim Member is selected from each Province. The breakup of seats allocated to each Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6192978", "chunk_text": "\"Senate of Pakistan\"\nsince the membership of the National Assembly was based on the population of each province. Equal provincial membership in the Senate, thus, balances the provincial inequality in the National Assembly. There are one hundred and four senatorial seats. There are 18 women Senators; Pakistani constitution requires that there be at least 17 women Senators. Members of the Senate are elected according to Article 59 of the Constitution. Under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and the Senate. The President is elected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12958560", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in Pakistan\"\nwith law through proportional representation system of political party's lists of candidates on the basis of total number of General Seats secured by each political party in the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly. The National Assembly has 342 seats, usually elected for five year terms; however, if the National Assembly dissolved, a general elections must be called in ninety-days period, in accordance to the constitution. The Senate consists of 104 members, of whom 14 members are elected by each Provincial Assembly, eight members are elected from FATAs by the Members of National Assembly from these areas, two members (one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11481302", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nAccounts Committee has a special role to review the report of the Auditor General. Senate, the upper house of the Parliament, has equal representation from the federating units balancing the provincial inequality in the National Assembly, where the number of members is based on population of the provinces. The Senate's role is to promote national cohesion and harmony, and work as a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate numbers a total of 104 members who serve six-year terms which are alternated so that half the senators are up for re-election by the electoral college every three years. The National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2718987", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nseven seats were added to the general seats and ten to the reserved seats for women in the National Assembly. Ten seats were exclusively reserved for minorities to be filled through separate electorate system. Thus the total strength of the lower house reached to 237 members. Similarly the size of the Senate was also increased from 63 to 87 members. Under the 1973 Constitution the National Assembly is elected for five years term, unless sooner dissolved. The seats in National Assembly, unlike the Senate, are allocated to each province and other units of the federation, on the basis of population.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949207", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nwith the Prime Minister. The President, according to the Constitution, is at the apex, representing the unity of the Republic. From 1947 to 1973, the country had had a unicameral system, but under the 1973 Constitution, Pakistan adopted a bicameral federal legislature, called Parliament, composed of the President, the Senate and the National Assembly. Originally, the general seats of the National Assembly were 200 with additional 10 seats reserved for women, bringing the total strength to 210. The newly created Upper house i.e. the Senate had 63 members. Later in 1985 through a Presidential Order (P.O. No. 14 of 1985),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16082169", "chunk_text": "\"Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan\"\nlegislature: the National Assembly and the Senate . The membership of the Senate, which was originally 45, was raised to 63 in 1977 and to 87 in 1985. In 2002, the membership rose to 100 through the legal framework enforced on 21 August 2002. Now there are 104 members. The Parliament of Pakistan consists of the President and the two legislative houses: National Assembly and the Senate . The President is elected by members of both Houses of the Parliament and the four provincial assemblies. The President may be removed from office or impeached through a resolution, passed by not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193038", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nare elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies. According to the constitution, the 70 seats reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to their proportional representation. Each National Assembly is formed for a five-year term, commencing from the date of the first sitting, after which it is automatically dissolved. Currently the National Assembly can not be dissolved by the President of Pakistan, it is dissolved by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Election for 13th National Assembly was held on 18 February 2008. On 17", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889503", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nwell as Chairman Senate are not available). The current Speaker and Deputy Speaker are Asad Qaiser (PTI) and Qasim Suri (PTI), respectively. The life of National Assembly is divided into sessions. It had to meet for 130 days before the First Amendment passed on 8 May 1974 in the constitution of 1973. According to this Amendment, maximum duration between successive sessions was reduced to 90 days from 130 days, and there must be at least three sessions in a year. A session of the National Assembly is summoned by the President of Pakistan under Article 54(1) of the Constitution. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "960001", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pakistani general election\"\nSharif was dishonest, therefore not fulfilling the requirements of articles 62 and 63 of the constitution which require one who holds public office to be \"\"Sadiq\"\" and \"\"Ameen\"\" (Urdu for Truthful and Virtuous). Hence, he was disqualified as Prime Minister and as a Member of the National Assembly. The court also ordered National Accountability Bureau to file a reference against Sharif, his family and his former Finance Minister Ishaq Dar on corruption charges. The 342 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods in three categories; 272 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting; 60 are reserved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11481315", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\ninclude reference to a Prime Minister against whom a notice of a resolution for a note of no-confidence has been given in the National Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution has been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after the dissolution of the National Assembly. There seat distribution in 14th assembly of Pakistan is as follows: National Assembly of Pakistan The National Assembly of Pakistan () is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6808349", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nconsists of 104 Members including 17 Seats reserved for Women and 17 Seats reserved for Technocrats and Ulema. The Members of the National Assembly are elected for a term of 5 years whereas the Members of the Senate are elected for a term of 6 years with staggered elections every 3 years The Parliament of Pakistan – viz the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan – met on 10 August 1947 in the old Sindh Assembly Building at Karachi. It was in this venue that the Objectives Resolution, which now serves as the Grundnorm of Pakistan, was passed. In 1956, the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2718957", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nParliament of Pakistan The Parliament of Pakistan ( — ) is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as the upper house and the National Assembly, as the lower house. According to the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the President of Pakistan is also a component of the Parliament. The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term on the basis of adult franchise and one-man one-vote. The tenure of a Member of the National Assembly is for the duration of the house, or sooner, in case", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949203", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nWest Pakistan, the Speaker was to be from East Pakistan and \"\"vice versa\"\". One of the major achievements of this Assembly was the passage of Political Parities Act, 1962. On 25 March 1969 the second Martial law was imposed and General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan took over as the president of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA). He later issued a Legal Framework Order (LFO), under which the first ever general elections were held on 7 December 1970. This was the first Assembly elected on the adult franchise and population basis. It consist of 313 members, 169 from East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889496", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\n11 August 1947, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected unanimously as the President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and the National Flag was formally approved by the Assembly. The Constitution which was passed unanimously by the National Assembly in April 1973, provides a federal parliamentary system of government, with the President as the ceremonial head of the State and an elected Prime Minister as the head of the government. Under Article 50 of the Constitution the federal legislature is the bicameral Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), which comprises the President and the two Houses, the National Assembly and the Senate. The National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11481243", "chunk_text": "\"Senate of Pakistan\"\nSenate of Pakistan Senate of Pakistan or Aiwān-e-Bālā (, ) is the upper legislative chamber of the bicameral legislature of Pakistan, and together with the Qaumi Assembly makes up the Majlis-e-Shoora. First convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each province of Pakistan are represented by fourteen senators and eight senators from the tribal areas regardless of population, who serve staggered six-year terms. The Senate secretariat is located in the east wing of the Parliament Building; the National Assembly convenes in the west wing of the same building.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193051", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\ngiven. Under the Constitution, the Parliament may also legislate for two or more Provinces by consent and request made by those Provinces. If the Federal Government proclaims State of Emergency in any province, the power to legislate about that province is vested in the Parliament. But the Bills passed by the Parliament during the State of Emergency, shall cease to be in force after the expiration of six months from the date Emergency is lifted. Nevertheless, the steps already taken under these Acts shall remain valid. The Leader of the House is the highest ranking representative of the majority party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889495", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nMarch 2013, 13th National Assembly was dissolved on completion of its five-year term under Article 52 of the Constitution. Pakistani general election, 2013 (for the 14th National Assembly) was held on May 11, 2013. Members of 14th National Assembly took oath on June 1, 2013. The 14th National Assembly dissolved on May 31, 2018 upon completing its 5 year term under Article 52 of the constitution. The 15th National Assembly of Pakistan took oath on August 13, 2018. The first session of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was held on 10 August 1947 at Sindh Assembly Building, Karachi. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11251286", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pakistani general election\"\n2018 Pakistani general election General elections were held in Pakistan on Wednesday 25 July, after the completion of a five-year term by the outgoing government. At the national level, elections were held in 270 constituencies, each electing one member to the National Assembly. At the provincial level, elections were held in each of the four provinces to elect Members of the Provincial Assemblies (MPA). As a result of the elections, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) became the single largest party at the national level both in terms of popular vote and seats. At the provincial level, the PTI remained the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2718960", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nscrutinizes public spending and exercises control of expenditure incurred by the government. The Members of the National Assembly are to be elected by direct and free vote in accordance with law. Article 50 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament of Pakistan shall consist of president and the two houses known as the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly has an edge over the Senate by legislating exclusively on money matters. With exception to money bills, however, both the houses work together to carry out the basic work of the Parliament, i.e. law making. The bill relating to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193048", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\n50 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament of Pakistan shall consist of President and the two Houses known as the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly has an edge over the Senate by legislating exclusively on money matters. With exception to money Bills, however, both the Houses work together to carryout the basic work of the Parliament, i.e. law making. The Bill relating to the Federal Legislative List can be originated in either House. If the House passed the Bill through majority vote, it shall be transmitted to the other House. If the other House passes it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10329059", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nSpeaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The office has its roots in 1947 and was reestablished in 1973 in accordance to the Constitution; the speaker presides over the chamber composed of people's representatives elected on the basis of universal franchise. The Speaker is Second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan and occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14746737", "chunk_text": "\"Provincial Assembly of the Punjab\"\nProvincial Assembly of the Punjab The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore, Pakistan. The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims. The 2-story Assembly Chamber, residential hostels, and expansive lawns cover on the Shahrah-e-Quaid-Azam (the Mall). After it was completed in 1935, the Assembly Chamber housed the Assembly for the Punjab province. After the division of Punjab and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3350804", "chunk_text": "\"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly\"\nKhyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly is the unicameral legislative body of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of the Pakistan. The assembly has 124 elected members, 99 regular seats, 22 seats reserved for women and 3 seats for Non-Muslims. The Federal Government appoints a Governor as head of the Provincial Government, the province is divided into 26 districts. Each district has a Zilla Nazim, in a District the functions are devolved further to the Tehsil, Town and Union Council Governments. After Final Delimitation 2018, the composition of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "30783", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of Pakistan\"\nthe Eighteenth Amendment reversed these expansions of presidential powers, returning the government to a parliamentary republic, and also defined any attempt to subvert, abrogate, or suspend the constitution as an act of high treason. All of the MNAs (full list)signed the constitution except Mian Mahmud Ali Kasuri, Dr Abdul Hayee Baloch, Mr Abdul Khaliq Khan, Haji Ali Ahmed Khan, Rais Atta Mohammad Khan and Nizamuddin Haider. Sahibzada Muhammad Nazeer Sultan is currently the last serving member of the National Assembly who was also elected as the Member of National Assembly in the 1970 elections & was one of the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "960003", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pakistani general election\"\nCapital Territory (ICT) now has three constituencies, Punjab 141, Sindh 61, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 39, Balochistan 16 and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) has 12 constituencies in the National Assembly. 106 million people were registered to vote for members of the National Assembly of Pakistan and four Provincial Assemblies. Likewise for elections to provincial assemblies, Punjab has 297 constituencies, Sindh 130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 99 and Balochistan 51. In June 2017 the Economic Coordination Committee approved the procurement of new printing machines with a bridge loan of 864 million rupees. The government has also developed new software for the Election Commission of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2732930", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in Pakistan\"\nwhich consists of both houses of Parliament together with the four provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments. The Election Commission of Pakistan, a constitutionally established institution chaired by an appointed and designated Chief Election Commissioner, supervises the general elections. The Pakistan Constitution defines (to a basic extent) how general elections are held in Part VIII, Chapter 2 and various amendments. A multi-party system is in effect, with the National Assembly consisting of 342 seats and the Senate consisting of 104 seats elected from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2324488", "chunk_text": "\"Next Pakistani general election\"\nit only had a lead of up to 4 percentage points. The PML-N was deprived of the chance of forming a government in Punjab, a province seen as it’s stronghold. Most parties apart from the PTI cried foul at the result and claimed that it was rigged. The 342 seats of the National Assembly consist of 272 elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies, 60 seats are reserved for women and 10 for minority groups. The reserved seats are elected by proportional representation based on the national vote share in the single-member constituencies with a 5% electoral threshold. Next Pakistani", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949202", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nwho were directly responsible to him. The electoral system was made indirect, and the `Basic Democrats', for both wings were declared Electoral College for the purpose of electing the assemblies and the president. Basic democrats were 80,000 in number (40,000 from each East and West Pakistan). The total membership of the National Assembly was 156, one half of whom were to be elected from East Pakistan and other half from West Pakistan, also three seats were reserved for women from each province. The term of this Assembly was three years. The norm was established that if the president was from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6808352", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\n3 November 1996. Seats in the Senate of Pakistan Seats in the National Assembly of Pakistan Parliament of Pakistan The Parliament of Pakistan ( — ) is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as the upper house and the National Assembly, as the lower house. According to the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the President of Pakistan is also a component of the Parliament. The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term on the basis of adult franchise and one-man one-vote. The tenure of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2754726", "chunk_text": "\"Salim Rehman\"\nSalim Rehman Salim Rehman (; born 1 January 1967) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018. Previously he was a member of the National Assembly from June 2013 to May 2018. He was born on 1 January 1967.<ref name=\"\"pildat/dob\"\"></ref> Rehman ran for the seat of National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from Constituency NA-30 (Swat-II) in Pakistani general election, 2002 but was unsuccessful. He secured 10,867 votes and lost the seat to a candidate of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal. Rehman ran for the seat of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889497", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nAssembly, Pakistan's sovereign legislative body, makes laws for the federation under powers spelled out in the Federal Legislative List and also for subjects in the Concurrent List, as given in the fourth schedule of the Constitution. Through debates, adjournment motions, question hour, and Standing Committees, the National Assembly keeps a check on the government. It ensures that the government functions within the parameters set out in the Constitution, and does not violate the people's fundamental rights. The Parliament scrutinizes public spending and exercises control of expenditure incurred by the government through the work of the relevant Standing Committees. The Public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9327977", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of Pakistan\"\nIn the case of other bills, the president may prevent passage unless the legislature in joint sitting overrules the president by a majority of members of both houses present and voting. Unlike the National Assembly, the Senate cannot be dissolved by the President. Members of the National Assembly are elected by universal adult suffrage (formerly twenty-one years of age and older but the seventeenth amendment changed it to eighteen years of age.). Seats are allocated to each of the four provinces, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Islamabad Capital Territory on the basis of population. National Assembly members serve for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2718959", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nThe National Assembly of Pakistan is the country's sovereign legislative body. It embodies the will of the people to let themselves be governed under the democratic, multi-party Federal Parliamentary System. The National Assembly makes laws for the Federation in respect of the powers enumerated in the Federal Legislative list. Through its debates, adjournment motion, question hour and Standing Committees, the National Assembly keeps as check over the Executive and ensures that the government functions within the parameters set out in the Constitution and does not violate the fundamental rights of citizens. Only the National Assembly, through its Public Accounts Committee,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949226", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nthe assent of President Asif Ali Zardari on 1 January 2011. 20th Amendment was passed unanimously by National Assembly and Senate on 20 February 2012. At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly. The president is elected by the Electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14746743", "chunk_text": "\"Provincial Assembly of the Punjab\"\nto the lounge and the other to the bedroom. Article 106 of the constitution provides that each Provincial Assembly shall consist of general seats and seats reserved only for women and non-Muslims. The same article specifies that the Provincial Assembly of Punjab will have a total of 371 seats: 297 general seats, 66 reserved for women, and eight reserved for non-Muslims. According to Article 113 of the Constitution, the qualifications for membership in the National Assembly set forth in Article 62 of the Constitution also apply for membership to the Provincial Assembly. Thus, a member of the Provincial Assembly: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15289273", "chunk_text": "Pakistan\nmore than 1.8 million displaced civilians. The general election held in 2013 saw the PML(N) almost achieve a supermajority, following which Nawaz Sharif was elected as the Prime Minister, returning to the post for the third time in fourteen years, in a democratic transition. In 2018, Imran Khan (the chairman of PTI) won the Pakistan general election, 2018 with 116 general seats and became the 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan in election of National Assembly of Pakistan for Prime Minister by getting 176 votes against Shehbaz Sharif (the chairman of PMLN) who got 96 votes. The idea of Pakistan, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15743902", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Pakistani Senate election\"\nthe Election Commission of Pakistan owing to a Supreme Court judgment. Elections for the chairmanship and deputy chairmanship of the senate were held on 12 March 2018. Both posts were won by joint opposition's candidates with Sadiq Sanjrani and Saleem Mandviwalla being elected chairman and deputy chairman, respectively. The Senate of Pakistan is the upper house of the Parliament of Pakistan. It consists of 104 senators with each senator serving a 6-year term. The elections are conducted triennially for half the seats in the senate. This staggered nature of the terms means that at any given time senators from two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12958559", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in Pakistan\"\nsystem through a secret ballot. Article 222–229 of the Constitution of Pakistan forbids the candidate of occupying the membership of National Assembly and the Provincial assemblies simultaneously. In direct elections, a candidate who obtains the highest number of votes in a constituency, is declared elected as a Member of National or a Provincial Assembly. The Seats in the National Assembly are allocated to each of Four Provinces, the FATAs and the Federal Capital on the basis of population in accordance with the last preceding Census officially published. Members to the Seats reserved for Women and Non-Muslims, are elected in accordance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15889502", "chunk_text": "\"National Assembly of Pakistan\"\nterm as Prime Minister. According to The Constitution The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the National Assembly. The Speaker is assisted by the Deputy Speaker. Both officers are elected from within the ranks of the National Assembly and, by current convention, are usually members of the majority party. The election of the two officers is the first matter an incoming National Assembly deals with, as mandated by the constitution. Apart from presiding over National Assembly debates, the Speaker may also assume the duties of Acting President, if the position is vacant (in case the President as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949205", "chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Pakistan\"\nall 144 Members from West Pakistan and two from former East Pakistan (Mr. Noor-ul-Amin and Raja Tridev Roy who had chosen to join Pakistan) participated. On 17 April 1972 an Interim Constitution was adopted by the National Assembly, which provided for a Presidential form of Government. Under this Constitution, the National Assembly was not to be dissolved earlier than 14 August 1973. The Interim Constitution dealt in detail with the distribution of powers between the Centre and the Provinces. The Assembly also formed a Constitution Committee on 17 April 1972 to prepare the first draft for framing a Constitution. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6192983", "chunk_text": "\"Senate of Pakistan\"\nparliaments, who shall retire as follows, shall be six years:- Senate of Pakistan Senate of Pakistan or Aiwān-e-Bālā (, ) is the upper legislative chamber of the bicameral legislature of Pakistan, and together with the Qaumi Assembly makes up the Majlis-e-Shoora. First convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each province of Pakistan are represented by fourteen senators and eight senators from the tribal areas regardless of population, who serve staggered six-year terms. The Senate secretariat is located in the east wing of the Parliament Building; the National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14243394", "chunk_text": "\"Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly\"\n11. Mr. Iqbal Hassan (PML-N) 12. Mr. Imran Nadeem (PPP) 13. Mr. Farman Ali, Minister (PML-N) 14. Mr. Barkat Jameel Siffat (PML-N) 15. Mr. Haji Shah Baig, Opposition Leader (JUI-F) 16. Mr. Haji Janbaz Khan, Minister (PML-N) 17. Mr. Haider Khan (PML-N) 18. vacant 19. Mr. Nawaz Khan Naji (BNF) 20. Fida Khan (PML-N) 21. Mr. Raja Jahanzaib Khan (PTI) 22. Mr. Ibrahim Sanai, Minister (PML-N) 23. Mr. Ghulam Hussain Advocate (PML-N) 24. Muhammad Shafiq (PML-N) Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly The Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly is a 33-seat unicameral legislative body that was formed as part of the \"\"Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16984437", "chunk_text": "\"Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf\"\nof the remaining 9. Votes in most of these cases were mere hundreds. It performed relatively well in NA-259 of Quetta proper and NA-265 Sibi where the party got 14.83% and 6.99% of the vote respectively. Pakistan's 2018 elections were held on 25 July 2018 throughout the country. The elections resulted in a clear majority of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in National assembly with 116 won seats. After 28 women and 5 Minority seats the total number of seats reached 149. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf obtained 0.16 million votes with 31.82% of total casted votes, hence forming a government in the center with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_131	who played stumpy in the movie rio bravo?	n/a	[ "Walter Brennan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4596618", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\na gun Dude used to be. Chance's friend Pat Wheeler (Ward Bond) and his wagon train of supplies stop in town, with a young gunslinger, Colorado Ryan (Ricky Nelson), riding guard. Inside the jail, Stumpy (Walter Brennan), Chance's game-legged deputy, keeps watch over the jail and Joe, who knows that Stumpy holds an old grudge against Joe's wealthy and powerful brother. Joe warns his jailers that Nathan Burdette will not like how his brother is being treated. A mysterious woman nicknamed Feathers (Angie Dickinson) is in the saloon, playing poker. In the meantime, Dude and Chance patrol the town. Hotel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18554848", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nOld Tucson Studios outside Tucson, Arizona, in Technicolor. In 2014, \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was deemed \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, sheriff's deputy Dude (Dean Martin), who has acquired the contemptuous nickname \"\"Borrachón\"\" (, Spanish for \"\"big drunk\"\"), enters a saloon but cannot afford a drink. Joe Burdette (Claude Akins), brother of rancher Nathan Burdette, tosses a silver dollar into a spittoon. Presidio County, Texas, Sheriff John T. Chance (John Wayne) appears and kicks the spittoon away, looking at Dude with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874088", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Brennan\"\nat his ranch in Moorpark in Ventura. He died of emphysema at the age of 80 in Oxnard, California. His remains were interred at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles. Film historians and critics have long regarded Brennan as one of the finest character actors in motion picture history. While the roles he was adept at playing were diverse, he is probably best remembered for his portrayals in Western movies, such as Judge Roy Bean in \"\"The Westerner\"\", trail hand Nadine Groot in \"\"Red River\"\", and Deputy Stumpy in \"\"Rio Bravo\"\". He was the first actor to win three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18554847", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nRio Bravo (film) Rio Bravo is a 1959 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne, Dean Martin, Ricky Nelson, Angie Dickinson, Walter Brennan, and Ward Bond. Written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett, based on the short story \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" by B. H. McCampbell, the film is about the sheriff of the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, who arrests the brother of a powerful local rancher to help his drunken deputy/friend. With the help of a cripple and a young gunfighter, they hold off the rancher's gang. \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was filmed on location at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4776278", "chunk_text": "\"Renegades of the Rio Grande\"\nRenegades of the Rio Grande Renegades of the Rio Grande is a 1945 American film about a crooked financier and a corrupt sheriff that conspire to steal land from ranchers in Oklahoma Territory for the purposes of a railroad right-of-way. A young lawyer, Clint Farrell, comes to the rescue with the aid of some fighting-mad ranchers. Lewis D. Collins directed the film and Ande Lamb wrote the screenplay. The film stars Rod Cameron as Buck Emerson, Eddie Dew as Ranger Cal Benedict, Fuzzy Knight as Ranger Trigger Bidwell, Jennifer Holt as Dolores Salezar, Ray Whitley as Tex Henry, The Bar-6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977517", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nto film historian Emanuel Levy, Wayne and Hawks teamed up deliberately to rebut \"\"High Noon\"\" by telling a somewhat similar story their own way: portraying a hero who does not show fear or inner conflict and who never repudiates his commitment to public duty, while only allying himself with capable people, despite offers of help from many other characters. In \"\"Rio Bravo\"\", Chance is surrounded by allies—a deputy who is brave and good with a gun, despite recovering from alcoholism (Dude), a young untried but self-assured gunfighter (Colorado), a limping \"\"crippled\"\" old man who is doggedly loyal (Stumpy), a Mexican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18554863", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nof \"\"Rio Bravo\"\", on both occasions under a different title. Both of these remakes were directed by Hawks, both starred John Wayne, and in each case, the script was written by Leigh Brackett. All involve lawmen working against an entrenched criminal element, partially by \"\"holing up\"\" in their jailhouses. Rio Bravo (film) Rio Bravo is a 1959 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne, Dean Martin, Ricky Nelson, Angie Dickinson, Walter Brennan, and Ward Bond. Written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett, based on the short story \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" by B. H. McCampbell, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977510", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nis ordered to take the men to the jail to let Joe go. He is reluctant to do so, but Dude implores Chance to cooperate, saying that Stumpy is alone and has no food or water to hold out very long. The remaining Burdette men at the hotel take Dude hostage and Nathan Burdette offers to trade him later for Joe. Stumpy opens fire at the jail, holding off Burdette's men. Chance and Colorado then take Joe to make the trade for Dude at a warehouse, leaving Stumpy behind because of his bad leg. During the trade, walking in opposite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798356", "chunk_text": "\"Robert DoQui\"\nRobert DoQui Robert DoQui (April 20, 1934 – February 9, 2008) was an American actor who starred in film and on television. He is best known for his roles as King George in the 1973 film \"\"Coffy\"\", starring Pam Grier; as Wade in Robert Altman's 1975 film \"\"Nashville\"\"; and as Sgt. Warren Reed in the 1987 science fiction film \"\"RoboCop\"\", the 1990 sequel \"\"RoboCop 2\"\", and the 1993 sequel \"\"RoboCop 3\"\". He starred on television and is also known for his voice as Pablo Roberts on the cartoon series \"\"Harlem Globetrotters\"\" from 1970-1973. DoQui was born in Stillwater, Oklahoma. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17698234", "chunk_text": "\"Estelita Rodriguez\"\nEstelita Rodriguez Estelita Rodriguez (July 2, 1928 – March 12, 1966) was a Cuban actress best known for her roles in many Roy Rogers Republic westerns, and her role in Howard Hawks' western classic \"\"Rio Bravo\"\". Rodriguez's career began in 1942 when she won a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer at the age of 14. She continued to go to MGM school in preparation to make a movie. However, MGM dropped her at the last minute, and Rodriguez traveled back to New York until 1945 when she signed a five-picture deal with Republic. The studio that same year cast her in her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11893095", "chunk_text": "\"Rio (2011 film)\"\nRio (2011 film) Rio is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated adventure-comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios and directed by Carlos Saldanha. The title refers to the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where the film is set. The film features the voices of Jesse Eisenberg, Anne Hathaway, Jemaine Clement, Leslie Mann, George Lopez, and Jamie Foxx. It tells the story of Blu (Eisenberg), a male Spix's macaw who is taken to Rio de Janeiro to mate with a free-spirited female Spix's macaw, Jewel (Hathaway). The two eventually fall in love, and together they have to escape from being smuggled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14517673", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Donner\"\nRobert Donner Robert Donner (April 27, 1931 – June 8, 2006) was an American television and film actor. Donner was born in New York City raised in New Jersey, Michigan and Texas, and he spent four years in the United States Navy and was stationed in California. After he completed his military service, he settled in the Los Angeles area. Donner's first role was an uncredited part in the 1959 John Wayne Western \"\"Rio Bravo\"\"; he also appeared in the sequels (which formed a loose trilogy), \"\"El Dorado\"\" and \"\"Rio Lobo\"\". He also appeared in \"\"Chisum\"\", \"\"The Undefeated\"\", and \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1421601", "chunk_text": "\"Perry Lopez\"\nPerry Lopez Perry Lopez (born Julios Caesar Lopez; July 22, 1929 – February 14, 2008) was an American film and television actor. His acting career spanned 40 years. Lopez was born in New York City of Puerto Rican descent. Lopez began his acting career in theater, based in New York. He was signed to a contract at Warner Bros. Studios in 1954, his first appearance being Bogus Charlie in \"\"Drum Beat\"\". Lopez appeared as Spanish Joe in \"\"Battle Cry\"\" (1955), as Rodrigues in \"\"Mister Roberts\"\" in 1955, then had the leading role in \"\"The Steel Jungle\"\" (1956) and appeared as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11893122", "chunk_text": "\"Rio (2011 film)\"\nmain cast, including Anne Hathaway, Jesse Eisenberg, Jemaine Clement, Jamie Foxx, will.i.am, Tracy Morgan, George Lopez, Jake T. Austin, Leslie Mann, and Rodrigo Santoro, reprised their roles. New cast includes Andy García, Bruno Mars, Kristin Chenoweth, Rita Moreno, Amandla Stenberg, Rachel Crow, Pierce Gagnon, and Natalie Morales. The sequel follows Blu, Jewel and their three kids on a venture into the Amazon where they try to live like real birds. Eventually, they find Jewel's long-lost father Eduardo, who is in hiding with a tribe of other Spix's macaw. At first everything seems perfect, but Blu is having trouble adapting to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11893123", "chunk_text": "\"Rio (2011 film)\"\nthe wild. Eventually, they discover that the Amazon is under threat, and that Blu and Jewel's old nemesis, Nigel the cockatoo, is back for revenge. Rio (2011 film) Rio is a 2011 American 3D computer-animated adventure-comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios and directed by Carlos Saldanha. The title refers to the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where the film is set. The film features the voices of Jesse Eisenberg, Anne Hathaway, Jemaine Clement, Leslie Mann, George Lopez, and Jamie Foxx. It tells the story of Blu (Eisenberg), a male Spix's macaw who is taken to Rio de Janeiro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12074744", "chunk_text": "\"Renegades of the Rio Grande\"\nCowboys as Singing ranch hands, Glenn Strange as Bart Drummond, and Edmund Cobb as Karl Holbrook. Renegades of the Rio Grande Renegades of the Rio Grande is a 1945 American film about a crooked financier and a corrupt sheriff that conspire to steal land from ranchers in Oklahoma Territory for the purposes of a railroad right-of-way. A young lawyer, Clint Farrell, comes to the rescue with the aid of some fighting-mad ranchers. Lewis D. Collins directed the film and Ande Lamb wrote the screenplay. The film stars Rod Cameron as Buck Emerson, Eddie Dew as Ranger Cal Benedict, Fuzzy Knight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977511", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\ndirections, Dude tackles Joe and they scuffle while a gunfight erupts. Stumpy turns up and helps even the odds. Dude overpowers Joe. The lawmen throw dynamite sticks at the warehouse where Burdette and his men are holed up, shooting the sticks to detonate them. After a few explosions rock the warehouse, the criminals surrender. All is quiet in town as Chance gets reacquainted with Feathers, who models a skimpy new costume she will be wearing in her new job singing at the hotel. After a pair of sheer tights comes floating from a window to the street, a delighted Stumpy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8107233", "chunk_text": "\"Jay J. Armes\"\nJay J. Armes Jay J. Armes (born Julian Armas; August 12, 1932) is an American amputee, private investigator, and actor. He is known for his prosthetic hands and a line of children's action figures based on his image. Armes was born Julian Armas to Mexican-American parents Pedro and Beatriz in Ysleta, a low-income area near El Paso, Texas, now a southeast El Paso neighborhood. At the age of eleven, he and his friend Dick Caples, seven years his senior, broke into a Texas & Pacific Railroad section house and stole railway torpedoes. Armes rubbed two torpedo sticks together, detonating them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17698237", "chunk_text": "\"Estelita Rodriguez\"\nremained married until her death. On March 12, 1966, Estelita Pego was found dead on the kitchen floor of her North Hollywood/Van Nuys, California, home, at age 37. The cause of death was complications of influenza. She is interred at San Fernando Mission Cemetery, Mission Hills, California. Estelita Rodriguez Estelita Rodriguez (July 2, 1928 – March 12, 1966) was a Cuban actress best known for her roles in many Roy Rogers Republic westerns, and her role in Howard Hawks' western classic \"\"Rio Bravo\"\". Rodriguez's career began in 1942 when she won a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer at the age of 14.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1790923", "chunk_text": "\"Rio 2\"\nRio 2 Rio 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated musical comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios and directed by Carlos Saldanha. It is the sequel to the 2011 computer-animated film \"\"Rio\"\" and the studio's first film to have a sequel outside of their existing \"\"Ice Age\"\" franchise. The title refers to the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where the first film was set and \"\"Rio 2\"\" begins, though most of its plot occurs in the Amazon rainforest. Featuring the returning voices of Jesse Eisenberg, Anne Hathaway, will.i.am, Jamie Foxx, George Lopez, Tracy Morgan, Jemaine Clement, Leslie Mann,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4596619", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nowner Carlos (Pedro Gonzalez-Gonzalez) stops the sheriff, saying Wheeler has been talking too much about Chance needing help. In the saloon, Chance implores Wheeler to stop, as it will draw attention from the wrong people. Wheeler suggests that Colorado could be of assistance, but Colorado politely declines, saying he wants to \"\"mind my own business\"\". Colorado also promises not to start any trouble without telling the sheriff first. Feathers leaves the poker game a winner. Chance follows her up to her room and confronts her as a card cheat, with his evidence three missing aces from the deck of cards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8666945", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Grande (film)\"\n\"\"Fort Apache\"\" and \"\"Rio Grande\"\"). The film is based on a short story \"\"Mission With No Record\"\" by James Warner Bellah that appeared in \"\"The Saturday Evening Post\"\" on September 27, 1947, and the screenplay was written by James Kevin McGuinness. The supporting cast features Ben Johnson, Claude Jarman, Jr., Harry Carey, Jr., and Chill Wills. Lieutenant Colonel Kirby Yorke (John Wayne) is posted on the Texas frontier to defend settlers against attacks by marauding Apaches. Colonel Yorke is under considerable pressure due to the Apaches using Mexico as a sanctuary from pursuit, and by a serious shortage of troops", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19177239", "chunk_text": "\"John Meillon\"\nJohn Meillon John Meillon, ( ; 1 May 1934 – 10 August 1989) was an Australian character actor, known for many straight as well as comedy roles, he became most widely known internationally however as Walter Reilly in the films \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" and \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\". He also voiced Victoria Bitter beer adverts. Meillon was born in Mosman, New South Wales. His younger brother was director Bob Meillon (1943–2012). He began his acting career at the age of eleven in the ABC's radio serial \"\"Stumpy\"\", and made his first stage appearance the following year. He joined the Shakespeare Touring Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19403713", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Hurst\"\nOpie earned him the 2011 Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Also in 2011, Hurst voiced Jedidiah in the animated box office hit \"\"Rango\"\". Also stars in the series, Outsiders. It was announced in August 2018 that he will star as Beta on The Walking Dead. In 1994, Hurst met Molly Cookson and the couple married in May 2005. Together, they founded the production company Fast Shoes. In April 2013, Hurst purchased a 3,400 square-foot home in Woodland Hills, California for $1.71 million. Ryan Hurst Ryan Douglas Hurst (born June 19, 1976) is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6619605", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Lodge (screenwriter)\"\nStephen Lodge (screenwriter) Stephen Lodge (February 6, 1943 – February 26, 2017) was an American author, television screenwriter and actor; also a former costumer and stuntman to the industry. He was born in the Long Beach area of California, United States. Lodge was the co-writer of the Kenny Rogers Western epic, the 1993 CBS TV movie \"\"Rio Diablo\"\", co-starring Travis Tritt, Naomi Judd and Stacy Keach. His first major screenwriting credit was for the United Artists feature \"\"The Honkers\"\" starring James Coburn. Soon afterwards, he was writing, producing and directing the film, \"\"One Block Away\"\" – this was co-written by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8107236", "chunk_text": "\"Jay J. Armes\"\nwith the same scenes and title on ; Peter Weller remade the role and directed the episode. Armes' rescue of Marlon Brando's son was described on a season 7 episode of the Travel Channel show \"\"Mysteries at the Museum\"\". Jay J. Armes Jay J. Armes (born Julian Armas; August 12, 1932) is an American amputee, private investigator, and actor. He is known for his prosthetic hands and a line of children's action figures based on his image. Armes was born Julian Armas to Mexican-American parents Pedro and Beatriz in Ysleta, a low-income area near El Paso, Texas, now a southeast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1534720", "chunk_text": "\"Marta DuBois\"\nportrayed Dora in the television western \"\"Lone Rider\"\" (2008) and had a guest role as Maria Cordero in the \"\"\"\" episode \"\"Ballona Creek\"\" (2010). Marta DuBois Marta Estela DuBois (December 15, 1952 in David, Chiriquí, Panama - May 8, 2018 in Los Angeles, California, USA) was a Panamanian actress. DuBois had a steady career on episodes of numerous television series and films. She may be best known as the female lead, as homicide detective Roberta Hansen, in the \"\"McBride\"\" franchise of 10 television films. DuBois co-started in the single season of the television series \"\"Tales of the Gold Monkey\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11221321", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Grande (film)\"\nlike any other soldier—to which the colonel somewhat reluctantly agrees. By his willingness to undergo any test and trial, Jeff is befriended by a pair of older recruits, Travis Tyree (Ben Johnson) (who is on the run from the law) and Daniel \"\"Sandy\"\" Boone (Harry Carey, Jr.), who take him under their wings. With the arrival of Yorke's estranged wife, Kathleen (Maureen O'Hara), who has come to take the underage Yorke home by buying him out of his enlistment, further tension is added. During the Civil War, Yorke had been forced by circumstances to burn Bridesdale, his wife's plantation home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18612427", "chunk_text": "\"Clear History\"\nthis but him. Haney, now a wealthy mogul, arrives on the island with wife Rhonda (Kate Hudson) and begins building an ostentatious mansion on the site of \"\"Blue Heron,\"\" the former Stumpo family home. Flomm is relieved that Haney doesn't recognize him, but can't bear to remain on the island. However, inspired by the movie \"\"The Fountainhead\"\", Flomm becomes determined to gain revenge for his lost billion dollars by blowing up Haney's mansion. Frank introduces him to explosives expert Joe Stumpo (Michael Keaton) and Stumpo's friend Rags (Bill Hader). He then persuades McKenzie, the construction foreman, to let him be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1670822", "chunk_text": "\"Rio (2011 film)\"\nRio de Janeiro; such elements of Brazilian culture and landmarks were also influenced from Saldanha growing up in Brazil. The lead voice actors were approached in 2009. Jemaine Clement was approached to do the film after seeing test shots of his character Nigel doing a speech from \"\"Flight of the Conchords\"\", which was done prior to a script being finalized. Neil Patrick Harris was supposed to voice Blu, but had other commitments outside production; he was later replaced by Jesse Eisenberg. Eisenberg was asked during the filming of \"\"The Social Network\"\" if he would do his voice recording on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7326214", "chunk_text": "\"Luis Contreras\"\nLuis Contreras Luis Contreras (September 18, 1950 – June 20, 2004) was a Hispanic-American character actor. The son of actor Roberto Contreras, his film debut was in \"\"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\"\". Contreras often played the parts of bums, gang members, police officers, prison inmates, and criminals. One of the typical roles that he played as a gang member or criminal was that of Jesus in \"\"Walking the Edge\"\". Contreras appeared in multiple movies for director Walter Hill: \"\"The Long Riders\"\", \"\"48 Hrs.\"\", \"\"Extreme Prejudice\"\", \"\"Red Heat\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Last Man Standing\"\". He died of cancer in 2004 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977519", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nfor those with time to spare\"\". The film was taken more seriously by British critics such as Robin Wood, who rated it as his top film of all time and wrote a book on it in 2003 for the British Film Institute, publishers of \"\"Sight & Sound\"\". It now has a 100% Rotten Tomatoes rating and was the second highest-ranking Western in the 2012 \"\"Sight & Sound\"\" critics' poll of the greatest films ever made. In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Western Films list. Howard Hawks went on to make two loose variations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1534718", "chunk_text": "\"Marta DuBois\"\nMarta DuBois Marta Estela DuBois (December 15, 1952 in David, Chiriquí, Panama - May 8, 2018 in Los Angeles, California, USA) was a Panamanian actress. DuBois had a steady career on episodes of numerous television series and films. She may be best known as the female lead, as homicide detective Roberta Hansen, in the \"\"McBride\"\" franchise of 10 television films. DuBois co-started in the single season of the television series \"\"Tales of the Gold Monkey\"\", which ran from September 1982 through June 1983. DuBois had a recurring role on \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\" and made guest appearances on such series as \"\"Hardcastle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7326215", "chunk_text": "\"Luis Contreras\"\nthe age of 53. Luis Contreras Luis Contreras (September 18, 1950 – June 20, 2004) was a Hispanic-American character actor. The son of actor Roberto Contreras, his film debut was in \"\"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\"\". Contreras often played the parts of bums, gang members, police officers, prison inmates, and criminals. One of the typical roles that he played as a gang member or criminal was that of Jesus in \"\"Walking the Edge\"\". Contreras appeared in multiple movies for director Walter Hill: \"\"The Long Riders\"\", \"\"48 Hrs.\"\", \"\"Extreme Prejudice\"\", \"\"Red Heat\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Last Man Standing\"\". He died of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3156701", "chunk_text": "\"Jose Pablo Cantillo\"\nJose Pablo Cantillo Jose Pablo Cantillo (born March 30, 1979), is an American actor. He is best known for playing Ricky Verona in \"\"Crank\"\", Hector Salazar in FX's \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", and Caesar Martinez in AMC's \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". The son of Costa Rican parents, Roberto Cantillo and Rita Bolaños, Jose Pablo Cantillo (known as \"\"Joey\"\" in his high school days ) was born in Marshfield, Wisconsin. He grew up in Terre Haute, Indiana and attended Terre Haute South Vigo High School, where he was a tennis standout for all four years, leading the Terre Haute South Braves to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14235336", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky Nelson\"\nRicky Nelson Eric Hilliard Nelson (May 8, 1940 – December 31, 1985) was an American rock and roll star, musician, and singer-songwriter. From age eight he starred alongside his family in the radio and television series \"\"The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet\"\". In 1957 he began a long and successful career as a popular recording artist. As one of the top \"\"teen idols\"\" of the 1950s his fame led to a motion picture role co-starring alongside John Wayne and Dean Martin in Howard Hawks's western feature film \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" (1959). He placed 53 songs on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977515", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nby the Nelson Riddle Orchestra, sings a specially composed song, \"\"Rio Bravo\"\", written by Tiomkin with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. Nelson later paid homage to both the film and his character, Colorado, by including the song \"\"Restless Kid\"\" on his 1959 LP, \"\"Ricky Sings Again\"\". Members of the Western Writers of America chose \"\"My Rifle, My Pony, and Me\"\" as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. A brief clip from \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was among the archive footage later incorporated into the opening sequence of Wayne's last film, \"\"The Shootist,\"\" to illustrate the backstory of Wayne's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1735135", "chunk_text": "\"Michael D. Roberts\"\nMichael D. Roberts Michael D. Roberts (born December 25, 1947) is an American actor. Roberts played the role of \"\"Rooster\"\" in the 1970s television series \"\"Baretta\"\". Roberts starred in the short-lived 1980s television series \"\"Manimal\"\", appearing in five of the eight episodes which aired, as Tyrone C. Earl. His first television role was a guest appearance on the 1970s television series \"\"Good Times\"\". In 1977, he moved to feature films when he played \"\"Deputy Johnson\"\" in \"\"Herowork\"\". Roberts went on to appear in many other TV shows and films. He starred in the final Steve McQueen film \"\"The Hunter\"\" (1980).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18323298", "chunk_text": "\"Stump and Stumpy\"\nStump and Stumpy Stump and Stumpy were a dance/comedy/acting duo popular from the mid-1930s to the 1950s, consisting of James \"\"Stump\"\" Cross, and either Eddie Hartman or Harold J. Cromer as \"\"Stumpy\"\". Their act was mostly jazz tap, and comedy expressed through song and movement. James 'Jimmy' Cross and Edward 'Eddie' Hartman, traveled around the United States on what was often called the 'Black Vaudeville' circuit, under management of Nat Nazarro. In 1943, Cross was cast in the United States Army's \"\"This Is the Army\"\" film, with William Wycoff as his 'partner'. Stump and Stumpy's first big success was appearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18301877", "chunk_text": "\"Maury Sterling\"\nnumber of films, mostly in supporting roles. His prominent role came in the 2006 action film \"\"Smokin' Aces\"\" where he played Lester Tremor of the psychotic neo-Nazi Tremor Brothers (opposite Chris Pine and Kevin Durand). His role required shaving his head, and shaving his eyebrows off. Sterling's other prominent role came in the 2008 comedy film \"\"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\"\" where he played Rafferty, one of the villains in the movie where he dognaps Chloe, the chihuahua voiced by Drew Barrymore. Maury Sterling Charles Maury Wallace Sterling (born September 1, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20912879", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Reeves (actor)\"\nsound films. He worked through the 1940s and 1950s, including an appearance as an extra in \"\"Miracle on 34th Street\"\" in 1947. In the 1950s he appeared in television westerns including episodes of \"\"Maverick\"\", \"\"Sugarfoot\"\", \"\"Cheyanne\"\", and \"\"Wyatt Earp\"\". His last known appearance was in \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" in 1959. Reeves was married to Mary Lee Turner; the couple had no children but Mary had two daughters from a previous marriage. Reeves died of a heart attack in Los Angeles in 1960. He is buried in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood, California. Bob Reeves (actor) Robert \"\"Bob\"\" Reeves (January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6484531", "chunk_text": "\"John Crawford (actor)\"\nJohn Crawford (actor) John Crawford (born Cleve Allen Richardson; September 13, 1920 – September 21, 2010) was an American actor. He appeared in a 1961 episode of \"\"The Twilight Zone\"\", called \"\"A Hundred Yards Over the Rim\"\", and in several \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" episodes. He had a key role in the 1975 film \"\"Night Moves\"\", a crime thriller starring Gene Hackman, and played the mayor of San Francisco in 1976's \"\"The Enforcer\"\", the third Dirty Harry film featuring Clint Eastwood. Crawford was born in Colfax, Washington. In films from the 1940s, Crawford appeared in bit parts for many years before playing leads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977513", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nwas successful, taking in over US$5.5 million. The musical score was composed by Dimitri Tiomkin. His score includes the hauntingly ominous \"\"\"\"El Degüello\"\"\"\" theme, which is heard several times. The Colorado character identifies the tune as \"\"The Cutthroat Song\"\". He relates that the song was played on the orders of General Antonio López de Santa Anna to the Texans holed up in the Alamo, to signify that no quarter would be given to them. The tune was used in Wayne's film, \"\"The Alamo\"\" (1960). Composer Ennio Morricone recalled that director Sergio Leone asked him to write \"\"Dimitri Tiomkin music\"\" for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2774365", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Jayne\"\nRobert Jayne Robert Jayne (born July 16, 1973), sometimes credited as Bobby Jacoby, spent his early life as an American actor. Starting his career as a child, he has appeared in many television series as well as films. His television credits include: \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\", \"\"Knots Landing\"\", \"\"The Greatest American Hero\"\", \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\", \"\"Manimal\"\", \"\"The Love Boat\"\", \"\"Highway to Heaven\"\", \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"Diff'rent Strokes\"\", \"\"Who's the Boss?\"\", \"\"T.J. Hooker\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Cagney and Lacey\"\", \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\", \"\"The Wonder Years\"\", \"\"Jake and the Fatman\"\", \"\"Land of the Lost\"\", \"\"Walker, Texas Ranger\"\", \"\"Baywatch\"\" and \"\"Tremors\"\". His film credits include; \"\"Iron Eagle\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6816477", "chunk_text": "\"Burt Reynolds\"\nBurt Reynolds Burton Leon Reynolds Jr. (February 11, 1936 – September 6, 2018) was an American actor, director and producer. He first rose to prominence starring in television series such as \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" (1962–1965), \"\"Hawk\"\" (1966), and \"\"Dan August\"\" (1970–1971). His breakout film role was as Lewis Medlock in \"\"Deliverance\"\" (1972). Reynolds played the leading role in a number of subsequent box office hits, such as \"\"The Longest Yard\"\" (1974), \"\"Smokey and the Bandit\"\" (1977), \"\"Semi-Tough\"\" (1977), \"\"Hooper\"\" (1978), \"\"Smokey and the Bandit II\"\" (1980), \"\"The Cannonball Run\"\" (1981) and \"\"The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas\"\" (1982). After a number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10591835", "chunk_text": "\"Orlando Brown (actor)\"\nOrlando Brown (actor) Orlando Brown (born December 4, 1987) is an American actor, voice actor, rapper and singer. He is best known for his roles as Eddie in \"\"That's So Raven\"\", 3J in \"\"Family Matters\"\", Tiger in \"\"Major Payne\"\", Max in \"\"Two of a Kind\"\", Damey Wayne in the short-lived \"\"Waynehead\"\", Dobbs in \"\"Max Keeble's Big Move\"\", and Frankie in \"\"Eddie's Million Dollar Cook-Off\"\". Orlando Brown was born on December 4, 1987 in Los Angeles, California. He soon moved with his grandmother to Perris, California. Brown's roles as a child actor included Tiger in \"\"Major Payne\"\" and Nelson on \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6619608", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Lodge (screenwriter)\"\nauthored several articles for various magazines; and completed additional screenplays, including adaptations of his novels, \"\"Shadows of Eagles\"\", \"\"Charley Sunday's Texas Outfit!\"\", and \"\"Nickel-Plated Dream\"\". Stephen Lodge (screenwriter) Stephen Lodge (February 6, 1943 – February 26, 2017) was an American author, television screenwriter and actor; also a former costumer and stuntman to the industry. He was born in the Long Beach area of California, United States. Lodge was the co-writer of the Kenny Rogers Western epic, the 1993 CBS TV movie \"\"Rio Diablo\"\", co-starring Travis Tritt, Naomi Judd and Stacy Keach. His first major screenwriting credit was for the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3156703", "chunk_text": "\"Jose Pablo Cantillo\"\n\"\"Chappie\"\" (2015). In late 2003, Cantillo moved to California, where he, his wife Kristi, and their 7-year-old daughter live in Santa Clarita, a town “that kind of reminds us of Terre Haute”. Jose Pablo Cantillo Jose Pablo Cantillo (born March 30, 1979), is an American actor. He is best known for playing Ricky Verona in \"\"Crank\"\", Hector Salazar in FX's \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", and Caesar Martinez in AMC's \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". The son of Costa Rican parents, Roberto Cantillo and Rita Bolaños, Jose Pablo Cantillo (known as \"\"Joey\"\" in his high school days ) was born in Marshfield, Wisconsin. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7989477", "chunk_text": "\"John Hawkes (actor)\"\nJohn Hawkes (actor) John Hawkes (born John Marvin Perkins; September 11, 1959) is an American actor, known for his portrayal of the merchant Sol Star on the HBO series \"\"Deadwood\"\", Dustin Powers on \"\"Eastbound & Down\"\", backwoods meth addict Teardrop Dolly in \"\"Winter's Bone,\"\" for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award-nominated portrayal of Mark O'Brien in \"\"The Sessions\"\". Other notable works of his include \"\"Martha Marcy May Marlene\"\", \"\"Low Down\"\" and \"\"From Dusk Till Dawn\"\". Hawkes was born John Marvin Perkins in Alexandria, Minnesota,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1869522", "chunk_text": "\"Gerard Parkes\"\nGerard Parkes Gerard Parkes (October 16, 1924 – October 19, 2014) was an Irish-born Canadian actor who was born in Dublin, Ireland, and moved to Toronto in 1956. He is best known for playing \"\"Doc\"\" on the HBO television series \"\"Fraggle Rock\"\" and the bartender in the film \"\"The Boondock Saints\"\" and its sequel \"\"\"\". His acting career spanned film, radio, television, and the stage. Parkes worked often on CBC radio, beginning in 1959, and shifted into television and film, acting in such diverse series as the 1960s' ecological adventure series \"\"The Forest Rangers\"\", children's show \"\"The Littlest Hobo\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_132	where is the protien made in the cell?	n/a	[ "in the cell nucleus", "cell nucleus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3516514", "chunk_text": "Trypsin\nTrypsin Trypsin () is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins. Trypsin is formed in the small intestine when its proenzyme form, the trypsinogen produced by the pancreas, is activated. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline. It is used for numerous biotechnological processes. The process is commonly referred to as trypsin proteolysis or trypsinisation, and proteins that have been digested/treated with trypsin are said to have been trypsinized. Trypsin was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10698171", "chunk_text": "Prokaryote\nProkaryote A prokaryote is usually a unicellular organism, sometimes a multi-cellular organism, that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word \"\"prokaryote\"\" comes from the Greek πρό (\"\"pro\"\") \"\"before\"\" and κάρυον (\"\"karyon\"\") \"\"nut or kernel\"\". Prokaryotes are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. In contrast, species with nuclei and organelles are placed in the third domain, Eukaryota. Prokaryotes reproduce without fusion of gametes. The first living organisms are thought to have been prokaryotes. In the prokaryotes, all the intracellular water-soluble components (proteins, DNA and metabolites) are located together in the cytoplasm enclosed by the cell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7860664", "chunk_text": "Progeria\ncalled the nuclear lamina that helps organize nuclear processes such as RNA and DNA synthesis. Prelamin A contains a CAAX box at the C-terminus of the protein (where C is a cysteine and A is any aliphatic amino acids). This ensures that the cysteine is farnesylated and allows prelamin A to bind membranes, specifically the nuclear membrane. After prelamin A has been localized to the cell nuclear membrane, the C-terminal amino acids, including the farnesylated cysteine, are cleaved off by a specific protease. The resulting protein, now lamin A, is no longer membrane-bound and carries out functions inside the nucleus.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7900714", "chunk_text": "\"Beta cell\"\nmore. Beta cells are the only site of insulin synthesis in mammals. As glucose stimulates insulin secretion, it simultaneously increases proinsulin biosynthesis, mainly through translational control. The insulin gene is first transcribed into mRNA and translated into preproinsulin. After translation, the preproinsulin precursor contains an N-terminal signal peptide that allows translocation into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Inside the RER, the signal peptide is cleaved to form proinsulin. Then, folding of proinsulin occurs forming three disulfide bonds. Subsequent to protein folding, proinsulin is transported to the Golgi apparatus and enters immature insulin granules where proinsulin is cleaved to form insulin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5529658", "chunk_text": "Protein\nhaving moved away from the nucleoid. In contrast, eukaryotes make mRNA in the cell nucleus and then translocate it across the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis then takes place. The rate of protein synthesis is higher in prokaryotes than eukaryotes and can reach up to 20 amino acids per second. The process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template is known as translation. The mRNA is loaded onto the ribosome and is read three nucleotides at a time by matching each codon to its base pairing anticodon located on a transfer RNA molecule, which carries the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6840522", "chunk_text": "Proline\nProline Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated NH form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO form under biological conditions), and a side chain pyrrolidine, classifying it as a nonpolar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid -glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG). Proline is the only proteinogenic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8306151", "chunk_text": "Cytosol\nCytosol The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments. In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded by the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. The cytosol is thus a liquid matrix around the organelles. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "372340", "chunk_text": "Colostrinin\nColostrinin Colostrinin (also known as CLN, proline-rich polypeptides or PRP) is a naturally occurring mixture of proline-rich polypeptides derived from colostrum. Colostrinin was originally identified by scientists working in Poland in the 1970s. Colostrinin is derived from colostrum, which is present in the pre-milk fluid produced from mammary glands in the first few days after parturition. It is also known as proline-rich polypeptides, since sequence analysis of the peptides present in this mixture reveals an unusually high proportion of this amino acid residue. The amino acid compositions of Colostrinin from ovine, bovine, and human colostrum are very similar. Colostrinin was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14697135", "chunk_text": "\"Cell nucleus\"\nthen join side by side, in an antiparallel arrangement, to form a tetramer called a \"\"protofilament\"\". Eight of these protofilaments form a lateral arrangement that is twisted to form a ropelike \"\"filament\"\". These filaments can be assembled or disassembled in a dynamic manner, meaning that changes in the length of the filament depend on the competing rates of filament addition and removal. Mutations in lamin genes leading to defects in filament assembly cause a group of rare genetic disorders known as \"\"laminopathies\"\". The most notable laminopathy is the family of diseases known as progeria, which causes the appearance of premature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972316", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nseen from one species to another present in the C peptide. That said, the residues of the C peptide that are conserved across species interact with similarly conserved residues on the A and B chains. Thus, it is hypothesized that these conserved residues are important for the functionality of mature insulin. Proinsulin is synthesized on membrane associated ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where it is folded and its disulfide bonds are oxidized. It is then transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is packaged into secretory vesicles, and where it is processed by a series of proteases to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7860646", "chunk_text": "Progeria\nis made in the cytoplasm, an enzyme called farnesyl transferase attaches a farnesyl functional group to its carboxyl-terminus. The farnesylated prelamin A is then transported through a nuclear pore to the interior of the nucleus. The farnesyl group allows prelamin A to attach temporarily to the nuclear rim. Once the protein is attached, it is cleaved by a protease, thereby removing the farnesyl group along with a few adjacent amino acids. Failure to remove this farnesyl group permanently affixes the protein to the nuclear rim. After cleavage by the protease, prelamin A is referred to as lamin A. Lamin A,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972322", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nonly amino acid change mutations found in the B domain lead to the disease. Proinsulin Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the \"\"INS\"\" gene. The islets of Langerhans only secrete between 1% and 3% of proinsulin intact. However, because proinsulin has a longer half life than insulin, it can account for anywhere from 5–30% of the insulin-like structures circulating in the blood. There are higher concentrations of proinsulin after meals and lower levels when a person is fasting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3232796", "chunk_text": "Spectrin\nSpectrin Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. Spectrin forms pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements, forming a scaffold and playing an important role in maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and cytoskeletal structure. The hexagonal arrangements are formed by tetramers of spectrin subunits associating with short actin filaments at either end of the tetramer. These short actin filaments act as junctional complexes allowing the formation of the hexagonal mesh. The protein is named spectrin since it was first isolated as a major protein component of human red blood cells which had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972317", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nform mature insulin. Mature insulin has 35 fewer amino acids; 4 are removed altogether, and the remaining 31 form the C-peptide. The C-peptide is abstracted from the center of the proinsulin sequence; the two other ends (the B chain and A chain) remain connected by disulfide bonds. The post translational modification of proinsulin to mature insulin only occurs in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. When proinsulin is transported through the Golgi apparatus the C-peptide is cleaved. This cleavage occurs with the aid of two endoproteases. Type I endoproteases, PC1 and PC3, disrupt the C peptide-B chain connection.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9839910", "chunk_text": "Proteolysis\nProteolysis Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically. Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14086182", "chunk_text": "Proteasome\nby the proteasome, allowing it to degrade the tagged protein. The degradation process yields peptides of about seven to eight amino acids long, which can then be further degraded into shorter amino acid sequences and used in synthesizing new proteins. Proteasomes are found inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In structure, the proteasome is a cylindrical complex containing a \"\"core\"\" of four stacked rings forming a central pore. Each ring is composed of seven individual proteins. The inner two rings are made of seven \"\"β subunits\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3312007", "chunk_text": "Hydroxyproline\nHydroxyproline (2\"\"S\"\",4\"\"R\"\")-4-Hydroxyproline, or -hydroxyproline (CHON), is a common non-proteinogenic amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp, \"\"e.g.\"\", in Protein Data Bank. In 1902, Hermann Emil Fischer isolated hydroxyproline from hydrolyzed gelatin. In 1905, Hermann Leuchs synthesized a racemic mixture of 4-hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline differs from proline by the presence of a hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. Hydroxyproline is produced by hydroxylation of the amino acid proline by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase following protein synthesis (as a post-translational modification). The enzyme catalyzed reaction takes place in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Although it is not directly incorporated into proteins,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335969", "chunk_text": "Life\nan enzyme-catalyzed process called protein biosynthesis. A sequence of amino acids is assembled and joined together based upon gene expression of the cell's nucleic acid. In eukaryotic cells, these proteins may then be transported and processed through the Golgi apparatus in preparation for dispatch to their destination. Cells reproduce through a process of cell division in which the parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. For prokaryotes, cell division occurs through a process of fission in which the DNA is replicated, then the two copies are attached to parts of the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, a more complex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1274597", "chunk_text": "Prokaryote\nHowever, this possibility remains the subject of considerable debate and skepticism. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is usually considered the most important distinction or difference among organisms. The distinction is that eukaryotic cells have a \"\"true\"\" nucleus containing their DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain large RNA/protein structures called ribosomes, which produce protein. Another difference is that ribosomes in prokaryotes are smaller than in eukaryotes. However, two organelles found in many eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain ribosomes similar in size and makeup to those found in prokaryotes. This is one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3232803", "chunk_text": "Spectrin\na role for the spectrin cytoskeleton in excitable tissue. Spectrin Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. Spectrin forms pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements, forming a scaffold and playing an important role in maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and cytoskeletal structure. The hexagonal arrangements are formed by tetramers of spectrin subunits associating with short actin filaments at either end of the tetramer. These short actin filaments act as junctional complexes allowing the formation of the hexagonal mesh. The protein is named spectrin since it was first isolated as a major protein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3813045", "chunk_text": "Protoplasm\nit is known that the cell contents are structurally very complex and contain multiple organelles. Protoplasm is composed of a mixture of small molecules such as ions, amino acids, monosaccharides and water, and macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. In eukaryotes the protoplasm surrounding the cell nucleus is known as the cytoplasm and that inside the nucleus as the nucleoplasm. In prokaryotes the material inside the plasma membrane is the bacterial cytoplasm, while in Gram-negative bacteria the region outside the plasma membrane but inside the outer membrane is the periplasm. Protoplasm was said to exist in two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8376399", "chunk_text": "DNA\nRNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription. Under the genetic code, these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation. Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. Before typical cell division, these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20020569", "chunk_text": "Proteostasis\ncyclically encapsulating the peptide chain. Chaperonins are divided into two groups. Group 1 chaperonins are commonly found in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Group 2 chaperonins are found in both the cytosol of eukaryotic cells as well as in archaea. Group 2 chaperonins also contain an additional helical component which acts as a lid for the cylindrical protein chamber, unlike Group 1 which instead relies on an extra cochaperone to act as a lid. All chaperonins exhibit two states (open and closed), between which they can cycle. This cycling process is important during the folding of an individual polypeptide chain as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3579960", "chunk_text": "\"Secretory protein\"\nSecretory protein A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. Secretory proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. The production of a secretory protein starts like any other protein. The mRNA is produced and transported to the cytosol where it interacts with a free cytosolic ribosome. The part that is produced first, the N-terminal, contains a signal sequence consisting of 6 to 12 amino acids with hydrophobic side chains. This sequence is recognised by a cytosolic protein, SRP (Signal Recognition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16402328", "chunk_text": "C-peptide\nthe Golgi apparatus (beta-granules), the C-peptide is removed, leaving the A-chain and B-chain bound together by disulfide bonds, that constitute the insulin molecule. Proinsulin C-peptide was first described in 1967 in connection with the discovery of the insulin biosynthesis pathway. It serves as a linker between the A- and the B- chains of insulin and facilitates the efficient assembly, folding, and processing of insulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Equimolar amounts of C-peptide and insulin are then stored in secretory granules of the pancreatic beta cells and both are eventually released to the portal circulation. Initially, the sole interest in C-peptide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "62216", "chunk_text": "Cytosol\nmany of the enzymes in cytosol are bound to the cytoskeleton. However, the idea that the majority of the proteins in cells are tightly bound in a network called the microtrabecular lattice is now seen as unlikely. In prokaryotes the cytosol contains the cell's genome, within a structure known as a nucleoid. This is an irregular mass of DNA and associated proteins that control the transcription and replication of the bacterial chromosome and plasmids. In eukaryotes the genome is held within the cell nucleus, which is separated from the cytosol by nuclear pores that block the free diffusion of any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20160852", "chunk_text": "C-terminus\nC-terminus The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The convention for writing peptide sequences is to put the C-terminal end on the right and write the sequence from N- to C-terminus. Each amino acid has a carboxyl group and an amine group. Amino acids link to one another to form a chain by a dehydration reaction which joins the amine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14391942", "chunk_text": "Procentriole\nProcentriole A procentriole ( ) is a centriole or basal body in a stage of early development. That is, it is what is to become a set of triplets of microtubules destined to form spindles of fibres that will separate chromosomes during mitosis and in order to act as anchoring sites for some proteins. Procentrioles are generally assembled canonically in association with pre-existing centrioles that are loosely connected to each other. The environment suitable for procentriole formation is provided by the base of each centriole. Procentrioles assemble perpendicular to existing centrioles. A cylindrical structure with a diameter around 130 nm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6878097", "chunk_text": "Prokaryote\nmembrane systems are all interconnected. Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Therefore, prokaryotes have a larger surface-area-to-volume ratio, giving them a higher metabolic rate, a higher growth rate, and as a consequence, a shorter generation time than eukaryotes. Prokaryote A prokaryote is usually a unicellular organism, sometimes a multi-cellular organism, that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word \"\"prokaryote\"\" comes from the Greek πρό (\"\"pro\"\") \"\"before\"\" and κάρυον (\"\"karyon\"\") \"\"nut or kernel\"\". Prokaryotes are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. In contrast, species with nuclei and organelles are placed in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5304780", "chunk_text": "\"Protein precursor\"\nProtein precursor A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by \"\"pro-\"\". Examples include proinsulin and proopiomelanocortin, which are both prohormones. Protein precursors are often used by an organism when the subsequent protein is potentially harmful, but needs to be available on short notice and/or in large quantities. Enzyme precursors are called zymogens or proenzymes. Examples are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3563662", "chunk_text": "Pepsin\nPepsin Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease). It is produced in the stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food. Pepsin has a three-dimensional structure, of which one or more polypeptide chains twist and fold, bringing together a small number of amino acids to form the active site, or the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. Pepsin is an aspartic protease, using a catalytic aspartate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10013453", "chunk_text": "Prokaryote\nof many pieces of evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are themselves descended from free-living bacteria. This theory holds that early eukaryotic cells took in primitive prokaryotic cells by phagocytosis and adapted themselves to incorporate their structures, leading to the mitochondria we see today. The genome in a prokaryote is held within a DNA/protein complex in the cytosol called the nucleoid, which lacks a nuclear envelope. The complex contains a single, cyclic, double-stranded molecule of stable chromosomal DNA, in contrast to the multiple linear, compact, highly organized chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells. In addition, many important genes of prokaryotes are stored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14239476", "chunk_text": "\"Prolyl isomerase\"\nProlyl isomerase Prolyl isomerase (also known as peptidylprolyl isomerase or PPIase) is an enzyme () found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that interconverts the \"\"cis\"\" and \"\"trans\"\" isomers of peptide bonds with the amino acid proline. Proline has an unusually conformationally restrained peptide bond due to its cyclic structure with its side chain bonded to its secondary amine nitrogen. Most amino acids have a strong energetic preference for the \"\"trans\"\" peptide bond conformation due to steric hindrance, but proline's unusual structure stabilizes the \"\"cis\"\" form so that both isomers are populated under biologically relevant conditions. Proteins with prolyl isomerase activity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5197446", "chunk_text": "LMNA\nLMNA Lamin A/C also known as LMNA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"\"LMNA\"\" gene. Lamin A/C belongs to the lamin family of proteins. In the setting of ZMPSTE24 deficiency, the final step of lamin processing does not occur, resulting in an accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A. In Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, a 50-amino acid deletion in prelamin A (amino acids 607–656) removes the site for the second endoproteolytic cleavage. Consequently, no mature lamin A is formed, and a farnesylated mutant prelamin A (progerin) accumulates in cells. The nuclear lamina consist of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7762150", "chunk_text": "Profilin\nan unpolymerized form. Profilin was then believed to sequester actin monomers (keep them in a \"\"pro-filamentous\"\" form), and release them upon a signal to make them accessible for fast actin polymer growth. Profilin Profilin is an actin-binding protein involved in the dynamic turnover and restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton. Profilin also binds sequences rich in the amino acid proline in diverse proteins. While most profilin in the cell is bound to actin, profilins have over 50 different binding partners. Many of those are related to actin regulation, but profilin also seems to be involved in activities in the nucleus such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972313", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nthe insulin receptor. Due to the relative similarities in structure, proinsulin can produce between 5% and 10% of the metabolic activity similarly induced by insulin. Proinsulin is the final single chain protein structure secreted by cells before cleavage into mature insulin. Proinsulin was discovered by Professor Donald F. Steiner of the University of Chicago in 1967. Proinsulin is made up of 81 residues and formed by three distinct chains. The A chain, B chain, and the area connecting the two named the C peptide. The correct structure of proinsulin is crucial for the correct folding of mature insulin, as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3312012", "chunk_text": "Hydroxyproline\nfrom \"\"Amanita\"\" mushrooms (\"\"e.g.\"\", phalloidin). Hydroxyproline (2\"\"S\"\",4\"\"R\"\")-4-Hydroxyproline, or -hydroxyproline (CHON), is a common non-proteinogenic amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp, \"\"e.g.\"\", in Protein Data Bank. In 1902, Hermann Emil Fischer isolated hydroxyproline from hydrolyzed gelatin. In 1905, Hermann Leuchs synthesized a racemic mixture of 4-hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline differs from proline by the presence of a hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. Hydroxyproline is produced by hydroxylation of the amino acid proline by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase following protein synthesis (as a post-translational modification). The enzyme catalyzed reaction takes place in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Although it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972314", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nplacement of the C peptide sets the molecule up to create correctly positioned disulfide bonds in and between the A and B chains. There are three disulfide bonds that are necessary for mature insulin to be the correct structure. Two of these disulfide bonds are between the A and B chains, and one is an intra-A chain bond. The disulfide bonds occur between the seventh residues of the A and B chain, the 19th residue of the A chain and the 20th residue of the B chain, and the 6th and 11th residues of the A chain. The C peptide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972315", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nis between the A and B chains of proinsulin. The connection between the A chain and C peptide is much more stable than the junction between the C peptide and B chain, with alpha helical features being exhibited near the C peptide-A chain connection. The C peptide-A chain junction occurs between residues 64 and 65 of proinsulin. These are lysine and arginine molecules, respectively. The C peptide-B chain connection is between two arginine residues at positions 31 and 32 of proinsulin. There is conservation of much of the structure of proinsulin among mammalian species, with much of the residue changes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20327846", "chunk_text": "Proteostasis\nexample, an alpha helix is one such structural property that is commonly induced in this exit channel. At the same time the exit channel also prevents premature folding by impeding large scale interactions within the peptide chain which would require more space. In order to maintain protein homeostasis post-translationally, the cell makes use of molecular chaperones sometimes including chaperonins, which aid in the assembly or disassembly of proteins. They recognize exposed segments of hydrophobic amino acids in the nascent peptide chain and then work to promote the proper formation of noncovalent interactions that lead to the desired folded state. Chaperones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12494895", "chunk_text": "\"Cell nucleus\"\non the internal face of the envelope, while less organized support is provided on the cytosolic face of the envelope. Both systems provide structural support for the nuclear envelope and anchoring sites for chromosomes and nuclear pores. The nuclear lamina is composed mostly of lamin proteins. Like all proteins, lamins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and later transported to the nucleus interior, where they are assembled before being incorporated into the existing network of nuclear lamina. Lamins found on the cytosolic face of the membrane, such as emerin and nesprin, bind to the cytoskeleton to provide structural support. Lamins are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019513", "chunk_text": "\"Prokaryotic translation\"\nProkaryotic translation Prokaryotic translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in prokaryotes. Initiation of translation in prokaryotes involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3, which help the assembly of the initiation complex. Variations in the mechanism can be anticipated. The ribosome has three active sites:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10049019", "chunk_text": "Procentriole\na cell cycle. Procentriole A procentriole ( ) is a centriole or basal body in a stage of early development. That is, it is what is to become a set of triplets of microtubules destined to form spindles of fibres that will separate chromosomes during mitosis and in order to act as anchoring sites for some proteins. Procentrioles are generally assembled canonically in association with pre-existing centrioles that are loosely connected to each other. The environment suitable for procentriole formation is provided by the base of each centriole. Procentrioles assemble perpendicular to existing centrioles. A cylindrical structure with a diameter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9355012", "chunk_text": "Ribosome\nRibosome The ribosome () is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunits, which read the RNA, and the large subunits, which join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit comprises one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of ribosomal proteins (r-protein or rProtein). The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the \"\"translational apparatus\"\". The sequence of DNA,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6840533", "chunk_text": "Proline\nonly form one hydrogen bond. Additionally, proline is the only amino acid that does not form a blue/purple colour when developed by spraying with ninhydrin for uses in chromatography. Proline, instead, produces an orange/yellow colour. Richard Willstätter synthesized proline by the reaction of sodium salt of diethyl malonate with 1,3-dibromopropane in 1900. In 1901, Hermann Emil Fischer isolated proline from casein and the decomposition products of γ-phthalimido-propylmalonic ester. Racemic proline can be synthesized from diethyl malonate and acrylonitrile: Proline Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14697158", "chunk_text": "\"Cell nucleus\"\nproteins, that RNA produced from this process is messenger RNA (mRNA), which then needs to be translated by ribosomes to form a protein. As ribosomes are located outside the nucleus, mRNA produced needs to be exported. Since the nucleus is the site of transcription, it also contains a variety of proteins that either directly mediate transcription or are involved in regulating the process. These proteins include helicases, which unwind the double-stranded DNA molecule to facilitate access to it, RNA polymerases, which bind to the DNA promoter to synthesize the growing RNA molecule, topoisomerases, which change the amount of supercoiling in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18558694", "chunk_text": "\"Protein precursor\"\nenzymes of the digestive tract in humans. Some protein precursors are secreted from the cell. Many of these are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that targets them for secretion. Like other proteins that contain a signal peptide, their name is prefixed by \"\"pre\"\". They are thus called pre-pro-proteins or pre-pro-peptides. The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum. An example is preproinsulin. Pro-sequences are areas in the protein that are essential for its correct folding, usually in the transition of a protein from an inactive to an active state. Pro-sequences may also be involved in pro-protein Protein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7860663", "chunk_text": "Progeria\nIt develops during cell division in a newly conceived zygote or in the gametes of one of the parents. It is caused by mutations in the LMNA (lamin A protein) gene on chromosome 1; the mutated form of lamin A is commonly known as progerin. One of the authors, Leslie Gordon, was a physician who did not know anything about progeria until her own son, Sam, was diagnosed at 22 months. Gordon and her husband, pediatrician Scott Berns, founded the Progeria Research Foundation. Lamin A is a major component of a protein scaffold on the inner edge of the nucleus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5392527", "chunk_text": "\"Cell (biology)\"\nin place; helps during endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by a cell, and cytokinesis, the separation of daughter cells after cell division; and moves parts of the cell in processes of growth and mobility. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. There are a great number of proteins associated with them, each controlling a cell's structure by directing, bundling, and aligning filaments. The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is less well-studied but is involved in the maintenance of cell shape, polarity and cytokinesis. The subunit protein of microfilaments is a small, monomeric protein called actin. The subunit of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9356860", "chunk_text": "Plectin\nPlectin Plectin is a giant protein found in nearly all mammalian cells which acts as a link between the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. In addition plectin links the cytoskeleton to junctions found in the plasma membrane that structurally connect different cells. By holding these different networks together plectin plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical integrity and viscoelastic properties of tissues. Plectin can exist in cells as several alternatively-spliced isoforms, all around 500 kDa and >4000 amino acids. The structure of plectin is thought to be a dimer consisting of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_133	if there is a line that lies parallel to the horizon it is said to be?	n/a	[ "A vanishing point" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219388", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nHorizon The horizon or skyline is the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line that divides all visible directions into two categories: those that intersect the Earth's surface, and those that do not. The horizon is horizontal. At many locations, the true horizon is obscured by trees, buildings, mountains, etc., and the resulting intersection of earth and sky is called the \"\"visible horizon\"\". When looking at a sea from a shore, the part of the sea closest to the horizon is called the offing. The word \"\"horizon\"\" derives from the Greek \"\"ὁρίζων κύκλος\"\" \"\"horizōn kyklos\"\", \"\"separating circle\"\", from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1994258", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nderiving the axioms of a field was deconstructed in the twentieth century, yielding a wide variety of mathematical possibilities. Stillwell states Horizon The horizon or skyline is the apparent line that separates earth from sky, the line that divides all visible directions into two categories: those that intersect the Earth's surface, and those that do not. The horizon is horizontal. At many locations, the true horizon is obscured by trees, buildings, mountains, etc., and the resulting intersection of earth and sky is called the \"\"visible horizon\"\". When looking at a sea from a shore, the part of the sea closest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219410", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nscience of graphical perspective. Assuming the picture plane stands vertical to ground, and \"\"P\"\" is the perpendicular projection of the eye point \"\"O\"\" on the picture plane, the horizon is defined as the horizontal line through \"\"P\"\". The point \"\"P\"\" is the vanishing point of lines perpendicular to the picture. If \"\"S\"\" is another point on the horizon, then it is the vanishing point for all lines parallel to \"\"OS\"\". But Brook Taylor (1719) indicated that the horizon plane determined by \"\"O\"\" and the horizon was like any other plane: The peculiar geometry of perspective where parallel lines converge in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219391", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nsurface) is imperceptible to the naked eye (but for someone on a 1000-meter hill looking out to sea the true horizon will be about a degree below a horizontal line). In astronomy the horizon is the horizontal plane through the eyes of the observer. It is the fundamental plane of the horizontal coordinate system, the locus of points that have an altitude of zero degrees. While similar in ways to the geometrical horizon, in this context a horizon may be considered to be a plane in space, rather than a line on a picture plane. One typically sees further along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219390", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nuses the visual relationship between the aircraft's nose and the horizon to control the aircraft. A pilot can also retain his or her spatial orientation by referring to the horizon. In many contexts, especially perspective drawing, the curvature of the Earth is disregarded and the horizon is considered the theoretical line to which points on any horizontal plane converge (when projected onto the picture plane) as their distance from the observer increases. For observers near sea level the difference between this \"\"geometrical horizon\"\" (which assumes a perfectly flat, infinite ground plane) and the \"\"true horizon\"\" (which assumes a spherical Earth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004139", "chunk_text": "\"Vanishing point\"\nis below the horizon line, its vanishing lines angle up to the horizon line. If the object is above, they slope down. All vanishing lines end at the horizon line. 1. Projections of two sets of parallel lines lying in some plane appear to converge, i.e. the vanishing point associated with that pair, on a horizon line, or vanishing line formed by the intersection of the image plane with the plane parallel to and passing through the pinhole. Proof: Consider the ground plane , as which is, for the sake of simplicity, orthogonal to the image plane. Also, consider a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219389", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nthe verb ὁρίζω \"\"horizō\"\", \"\"to divide\"\", \"\"to separate\"\", and that from \"\"ὅρος\"\" (\"\"oros\"\"), \"\"boundary, landmark\"\". Historically, the distance to the visible horizon has long been vital to survival and successful navigation, especially at sea, because it determined an observer's maximum range of vision and thus of communication, with all the obvious consequences for safety and the transmission of information that this range implied. This importance lessened with the development of the radio and the telegraph, but even today, when flying an aircraft under visual flight rules, a technique called attitude flying is used to control the aircraft, where the pilot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004138", "chunk_text": "\"Vanishing point\"\nthen the vanishing line of is the horizon line . Anderson notes, \"\"Only one particular vanishing line occurs, often referred to as the \"\"horizon\"\". To put it simply, the vanishing line of some plane, say , is obtained by the intersection of the image plane with another plane, say , parallel to the plane of interest (), passing through the camera center. For different sets of lines parallel to this plane , their respective vanishing points will lie on this vanishing line. The horizon line is a theoretical line that represents the eye level of the observer. If the object", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004137", "chunk_text": "\"Vanishing point\"\nof multipoint perspective, and historian Kirsti Andersen compiled these observations. She notes, in terms of projective geometry, the vanishing point is the image of the point at infinity associated with , as the sightline from through the vanishing point is parallel to . As a vanishing point originates in a line, so a vanishing line originates in a plane that is not parallel to the picture . Given the eye point , and the plane parallel to and lying on , then the vanishing line of is . For example, when is the ground plane and is the horizon plane,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2918231", "chunk_text": "\"Projective geometry\"\nregarded as a \"\"line\"\". Thus, two parallel lines meet on a horizon line by virtue of their incorporating the same direction. Idealized directions are referred to as points at infinity, while idealized horizons are referred to as lines at infinity. In turn, all these lines lie in the plane at infinity. However, infinity is a metric concept, so a purely projective geometry does not single out any points, lines or planes in this regard—those at infinity are treated just like any others. Because a Euclidean geometry is contained within a projective geometry—with projective geometry having a simpler foundation—general results in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219395", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nformula now becomes or where \"\"R\"\" is the radius of the Earth. The equation can also be derived using the Pythagorean theorem. Since the line of sight is a tangent to the Earth, it is perpendicular to the radius at the horizon. This sets up a right triangle, with the sum of the radius and the height as the hypotenuse. With referring to the second figure at the right leads to the following: Another relationship involves the distance \"\"s\"\" along the curved surface of the Earth to the horizon; with \"\"γ\"\" in radians, then Solving for \"\"s\"\" gives The distance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2127089", "chunk_text": "\"Real projective line\"\nReal projective line In geometry, a real projective line is an extension of the usual concept of line that has been historically introduced to solve a problem set by visual perspective: two parallel lines do not intersect but seem to intersect \"\"at infinity\"\". For solving this problem, points at infinity have been introduced, in such a way that in a real projective plane, two distinct projective lines meet in exactly one point. The set of these points at infinity, the \"\"horizon\"\" of the visual perspective in the plane, is a real projective line. It is the circle of directions emanating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228034", "chunk_text": "\"Vanishing point\"\nline that lies in the plane , which is defined by the equation . Using perspective pinhole projections, a point on projected on the image plane will have coordinates defined as, This is the parametric representation of the image of the line with as the parameter. When it stops at the point on the axis of the image plane. This is the vanishing point corresponding to all parallel lines with slope in the plane . All vanishing points associated with different lines with different slopes belonging to plane will lie on the axis, which in this case is the horizon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13231379", "chunk_text": "Asymptote\nAsymptote In analytic geometry, an asymptote () of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or both of the \"\"x\"\" or \"\"y\"\" coordinates tends to infinity. Some sources include the requirement that the curve may not cross the line infinitely often, but this is unusual for modern authors. In projective geometry and related contexts, an asymptote of a curve is a line which is tangent to the curve at a point at infinity. The word asymptote is derived from the Greek ἀσύμπτωτος (\"\"asumptōtos\"\") which means \"\"not falling together\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5982090", "chunk_text": "Analemma\ndescribed above. The point where the horizon intersects the celestial equator represents due east or west. The point where the Sun is at sunrise or sunset represents the direction of sunrise or sunset. Simply measuring the distance along the horizon between these points, in angular terms (comparing it with the length of the analemma, as described above), gives the angle between due east or west and the direction of sunrise or sunset. Whether the sunrise or sunset is north or south of due east or west is clear from the diagram. The larger loop of the analemma is at its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219397", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nthe horizon is Using imperial units, with \"\"d\"\" and \"\"R\"\" in statute miles (as commonly used on land), and \"\"h\"\" in feet, the distance to the horizon is If \"\"d\"\" is in nautical miles, and \"\"h\"\" in feet, the constant factor is about 1.06, which is close enough to 1 that it is often ignored, giving: These formulas may be used when \"\"h\"\" is much smaller than the radius of the Earth (6371 km or 3959 mi), including all views from any mountaintops, airplanes, or high-altitude balloons. With the constants as given, both the metric and imperial formulas are precise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13111325", "chunk_text": "\"Apparent horizon\"\nhorizon, ever, despite the fact that there is certainly an event horizon. Apparent horizon In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards, and those directed outward but moving inward. Apparent horizons are not invariant properties of a spacetime, and in particular they are distinct from event horizons. Within an apparent horizon, light is not moving away from the black hole, whereas in an event horizon, light cannot escape from the black hole. It is possible for light to be currently moving away from the black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7383838", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel postulate\"\nParallel postulate In geometry, the parallel postulate, also called Euclid's fifth postulate because it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's \"\"Elements\"\", is a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry. It states that, in two-dimensional geometry: \"\"If a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior angles on the same side that sum to less than two right angles, then the two lines, if extended indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles sum to less than two right angles.\"\" This postulate does not specifically talk about parallel lines; Euclid gave the definition of parallel lines in Book I, Definition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18052335", "chunk_text": "\"Solar azimuth angle\"\nSolar azimuth angle The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth angle of the Sun's position. This horizontal coordinate defines the Sun's relative direction along the local horizon, whereas the solar zenith angle (or its complementary angle solar elevation) defines the Sun's apparent altitude. There are several conventions for the solar azimuth; however, it is traditionally defined as the angle between a line due south and the shadow cast by a vertical rod on Earth. This convention states the angle is positive if the line is east of south and negative if it is west of south. For example, due east", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219396", "chunk_text": "Horizon\n\"\"s\"\" can also be expressed in terms of the line-of-sight distance \"\"d\"\"; from the second figure at the right, substituting for \"\"γ\"\" and rearranging gives The distances \"\"d\"\" and \"\"s\"\" are nearly the same when the height of the object is negligible compared to the radius (that is, \"\"h\"\" ≪ \"\"R\"\"). If the observer is close to the surface of the earth, then it is valid to disregard \"\"h\"\" in the term , and the formula becomes- Using kilometres for \"\"d\"\" and \"\"R\"\", and metres for \"\"h\"\", and taking the radius of the Earth as 6371 km, the distance to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5054016", "chunk_text": "\"Apparent horizon\"\nApparent horizon In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards, and those directed outward but moving inward. Apparent horizons are not invariant properties of a spacetime, and in particular they are distinct from event horizons. Within an apparent horizon, light is not moving away from the black hole, whereas in an event horizon, light cannot escape from the black hole. It is possible for light to be currently moving away from the black hole (and so outside the apparent horizon), but in the future will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11929335", "chunk_text": "Nadir\nNadir The nadir (, ; from / ALA-LC: \"\"naẓīr\"\", meaning \"\"counterpart\"\") is the direction pointing directly \"\"below\"\" a particular location; that is, it is one of two vertical directions at a specified location, orthogonal to a horizontal flat surface there. Since the concept of \"\"being below\"\" is itself somewhat vague, scientists define the nadir in more rigorous terms. Specifically, in astronomy, geophysics and related sciences (e.g., meteorology), the nadir at a given point is the local vertical direction pointing in the direction of the force of gravity at that location. The direction opposite the nadir is the zenith. Nadir is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219392", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nthe Earth's curved surface than a simple geometric calculation allows for because of refraction error. If the ground, or water, surface is colder than the air above it, a cold, dense layer of air forms close to the surface, causing light to be refracted downward as it travels, and therefore, to some extent, to go around the curvature of the Earth. The reverse happens if the ground is hotter than the air above it, as often happens in deserts, producing mirages. As an approximate compensation for refraction, surveyors measuring distances longer than 100 meters subtract 14% from the calculated curvature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219411", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nthe distance, stimulated the development of projective geometry which posits a point at infinity where parallel lines meet. In her book \"\"Geometry of an Art\"\" (2007), Kirsti Andersen described the evolution of perspective drawing and science up to 1800, noting that vanishing points need not be on the horizon. In a chapter titled \"\"Horizon\"\", John Stillwell recounted how projective geometry has led to incidence geometry, the modern abstract study of line intersection. Stillwell also ventured into foundations of mathematics in a section titled \"\"What are the Laws of Algebra ?\"\" The \"\"algebra of points\"\", originally given by Karl von Staudt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6922865", "chunk_text": "\"Horizontal coordinate system\"\nHorizontal coordinate system The horizontal coordinate system, also known as topocentric coordinate system, is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane. Coordinates of an object in the sky are expressed in terms of altitude (or elevation) angle and azimuth. This celestial coordinate system divides the sky into two hemispheres: the upper hemisphere, where objects above the horizon are visible, and the lower hemisphere, where objects below the horizon cannot be seen, since the Earth obstructs views of them. The great circle separating the hemispheres is called the celestial horizon, which is defined as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219385", "chunk_text": "Zenith\na scientific context, the zenith is the direction of reference for measuring the zenith angle, the angle between a direction of interest (e.g. a star) and the local zenith. The Sun reaches the observer's zenith when it is 90° above the horizon, and this only happens between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. At a given location during the course of a day, the Sun reaches not only its zenith but also its nadir, at the antipode of that location 12 hours from solar noon. In astronomy, the altitude in the horizontal coordinate system and the zenith", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7383856", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel postulate\"\nargument used by Schopenhauer was that the postulate is evident by perception, not that it was not a logical consequence of the other axioms. Parallel postulate In geometry, the parallel postulate, also called Euclid's fifth postulate because it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's \"\"Elements\"\", is a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry. It states that, in two-dimensional geometry: \"\"If a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior angles on the same side that sum to less than two right angles, then the two lines, if extended indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles sum to less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2621702", "chunk_text": "\"World line\"\nWorld line The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that object traces in 4-dimensional spacetime. It is an important concept in modern physics, and particularly theoretical physics. The concept of a \"\"world line\"\" is distinguished from concepts such as an \"\"orbit\"\" or a \"\"trajectory\"\" (e.g., a planet's \"\"orbit in space\"\" or the \"\"trajectory\"\" of a car on a road) by the \"\"time\"\" dimension, and typically encompasses a large area of spacetime wherein perceptually straight paths are recalculated to show their (relatively) more absolute position states—to reveal the nature of special relativity or gravitational interactions. The idea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9018012", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel postulate\"\nfifth postulate. In the list above, it is always taken to refer to non-intersecting lines. For example, if the word \"\"parallel\"\" in Playfair's axiom is taken to mean 'constant separation' or 'same angles where crossed by any third line', then it is no longer equivalent to Euclid's fifth postulate, and is provable from the first four (the axiom says 'There is at most one line...', which is consistent with there being no such lines). However, if the definition is taken so that parallel lines are lines that do not intersect, or that have some line intersecting them in the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10568139", "chunk_text": "Collinearity\nCollinearity In geometry, collinearity of a set of points is the property of their lying on a single line. A set of points with this property is said to be collinear (sometimes spelled as colinear). In greater generality, the term has been used for aligned objects, that is, things being \"\"in a line\"\" or \"\"in a row\"\". In any geometry, the set of points on a line are said to be collinear. In Euclidean geometry this relation is intuitively visualized by points lying in a row on a \"\"straight line\"\". However, in most geometries (including Euclidean) a line is typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3165942", "chunk_text": "\"Angle (astrology)\"\nfrom the Earth is determined by where the horizon is at the time for which the chart is cast. The horizon forms the boundary between what can be seen, or the visible sky, and sky which exists on the opposite side of the earth, which exists at the same time and space, but cannot be seen. The line of the horizon cuts across the circle of the chart horizontally, and forms the most important angle of the chart: the Ascendant, or the exact place where the Sun's path crosses the horizon in the East. It is at this point that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5589352", "chunk_text": "\"Perspective (graphical)\"\ntrapezoid. This distortion is referred to as foreshortening. Perspective drawings have a horizon line, which is often implied. This line, directly opposite the viewer's eye, represents objects infinitely far away. They have shrunk, in the distance, to the infinitesimal thickness of a line. It is analogous to (and named after) the Earth's horizon. Any perspective representation of a scene that includes parallel lines has one or more vanishing points in a perspective drawing. A one-point perspective drawing means that the drawing has a single vanishing point, usually (though not necessarily) directly opposite the viewer's eye and usually (though not necessarily)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5429287", "chunk_text": "\"Vertical and horizontal\"\nCartesian coordinate system. Girard Desargues defined the vertical to be perpendicular to the horizon in his \"\"Perspective\"\" of 1636. The word \"\"horizontal\"\" is derived from \"\"horizon\"\", whereas \"\"vertical\"\" originates in the late Latin \"\"\"\", which is from the same root as \"\"vertex\"\" 'highest point'. In physics, in engineering, and in construction, the direction designated as vertical is usually that along which a plumb-bob hangs. Alternatively, a spirit level that exploits the buoyancy of an air bubble and its tendency to go vertically upwards may be used to test for horizontality. Modern rotary laser levels that can level themselves automatically are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11075855", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel (geometry)\"\nParallel (geometry) In geometry, parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two lines in a plane that do not intersect or touch each other at any point are said to be parallel. By extension, a line and a plane, or two planes, in three-dimensional Euclidean space that do not share a point are said to be parallel. However, two lines in three-dimensional space which do not meet must be in a common plane to be considered parallel; otherwise they are called skew lines. Parallel planes are planes in the same three-dimensional space that never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4040198", "chunk_text": "\"Plane sailing\"\nthe parallel through the destination, and the course line form a right triangle in a plane, called the \"\"plane sailing triangle\"\". The expressions \"\"plane sailing\"\" (or more commonly \"\"plain sailing\"\") has, by analogy, taken on a more general meaning of any activity that is relatively straightforward. Plane sailing Plane sailing (also, colloquially and historically, spelled plain sailing) is an approximate method of navigation over small ranges of latitude and longitude. With the course and distance known, the difference in latitude Δ\"\"φ\"\" between \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\" can be found, as well as the departure, the distance made good east or west.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13231385", "chunk_text": "Asymptote\nof a limit in mathematics, and this connection is explained more fully below. The asymptotes most commonly encountered in the study of calculus are of curves of the form . These can be computed using limits and classified into \"\"horizontal\"\", \"\"vertical\"\" and \"\"oblique\"\" asymptotes depending on their orientation. Horizontal asymptotes are horizontal lines that the graph of the function approaches as \"\"x\"\" tends to +∞ or −∞. As the name indicates they are parallel to the \"\"x\"\"-axis. Vertical asymptotes are vertical lines (perpendicular to the \"\"x\"\"-axis) near which the function grows without bound. Oblique asymptotes are diagonal lines such that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18858185", "chunk_text": "Twilight\nsometimes used metaphorically, to imply that something is losing strength and approaching its end. For example, very old people may be said to be \"\"in the twilight of their lives\"\". The collateral adjective for \"\"twilight\"\" is \"\"crepuscular\"\", which may be used to describe the behavior of insects, fish, and mammals that are most active during this period. Twilight is defined according to the solar elevation angle \"\"θ\"\", which is the position of the geometric center of the sun relative to the horizon. There are three established and widely accepted \"\"subcategories\"\" of twilight: civil twilight (nearest the horizon), nautical twilight, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5147880", "chunk_text": "\"Subsolar point\"\nSubsolar point The subsolar point on a planet is the point at which its sun is perceived to be directly overhead (at the zenith); that is, where the sun's rays strike the planet exactly perpendicular to its surface. It can also mean the point closest to the sun on an astronomical object, even though the sun might not be visible. To an observer on a planet with an orientation and rotation similar to those of Earth, the subsolar point will appear to move westward, completing one circuit around the globe each day, approximately moving along the equator. However, it will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14298266", "chunk_text": "Tangent\nTangent In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is the straight line that \"\"just touches\"\" the curve at that point. Leibniz defined it as the line through a pair of infinitely close points on the curve. More precisely, a straight line is said to be a tangent of a curve at a point on the curve if the line passes through the point on the curve and has slope where \"\"f\"\" is the derivative of \"\"f\"\". A similar definition applies to space curves and curves in \"\"n\"\"-dimensional Euclidean space. As it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528416", "chunk_text": "\"Line at infinity\"\nthe line at infinity. Also, if any pair of lines intersect at a point on the line at infinity, then the pair of lines are parallel. Every line intersects the line at infinity at some point. The point at which the parallel lines intersect depends only on the slope of the lines, not at all on their y-intercept. In the affine plane, a line extends in two opposite directions. In the projective plane, the two opposite directions of a line meet each other at a point on the line at infinity. Therefore, lines in the projective plane are closed curves,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8255839", "chunk_text": "\"Event horizon\"\nEvent horizon In general relativity, an event horizon (EH) is a region in spacetime beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer. In layman's terms, it is defined as the shell of \"\"points of no return\"\", i.e., the boundary at which the gravitational pull of a massive object becomes so great as to make escape impossible. An event horizon is most commonly associated with black holes. Light emitted from inside the event horizon can never reach the outside observer. Likewise, any object approaching the horizon from the observer's side appears to slow down and never quite pass through the horizon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3693895", "chunk_text": "Ergosphere\nthe \"\"static surface\"\" or \"\"static limit\"\". This is because world lines change from being time-like outside the static limit to being space-like inside it. It is the speed of light that arbitrarily defines the ergosphere surface. Such a surface would appear as an oblate that is coincident with the event horizon at the pole of rotation but at a greater distance from the event horizon at the equator. Outside this surface, space is still dragged but at a lesser rate. A suspended plumb, held stationary outside the ergosphere, will experience an infinite/diverging radial pull as it approaches the static limit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2859855", "chunk_text": "\"Antisolar point\"\nAntisolar point The antisolar point is the abstract point on the celestial sphere directly opposite of the Sun from an observer's perspective. This means that the antisolar point lies above the horizon when the Sun is below it, and vice versa. On a sunny day, the antisolar point can be easily found; it is located within the shadow of the observer's head. Like the zenith and nadir, the antisolar point is not fixed in three-dimensional space, but is defined relative to the observer. Each observer has their own antisolar point, which moves along with them as they change position. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4507386", "chunk_text": "\"Perspective projection distortion\"\nreduction in object´s size as the objects recede from the observer until they can no more be distinguished (among other optical effects). Parallel lines never intersect in nature, but if sufficiently extended they nearly always seem to intersect in perspective projections and invariantly in human vision. The rare one exception is in the former wherein a plane of a projected object is parallel to the projection plane and thus its edges have no vanishing points. The horizon is depicted in a perspective by a line which designates the infinite limit of a horizontal plane at the observer eyes height. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13489545", "chunk_text": "\"Rule of thirds\"\nthe right demonstrates the application of the rule of thirds. The horizon sits at the horizontal line dividing the lower third of the photo from the upper two-thirds. The tree sits at the intersection of two lines, sometimes called a \"\"power point\"\" or a \"\"crash point\"\". Points of interest in the photo do not have to actually touch one of these lines to take advantage of the rule of thirds. For example, the brightest part of the sky near the horizon where the sun recently set does not fall directly on one of the lines, but does fall near the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3242137", "chunk_text": "\"Parallel (geometry)\"\nparallel lines, one for each direction ideal point of line l. They separate the lines intersecting line l and those that are ultra parallel to line \"\"l\"\". Ultra parallel lines have single common perpendicular (ultraparallel theorem), and diverge on both sides of this common perpendicular. In spherical geometry, all geodesics are great circles. Great circles divide the sphere in two equal hemispheres and all great circles intersect each other. Thus, there are no parallel geodesics to a given geodesic, as all geodesics intersect. Equidistant curves on the sphere are called parallels of latitude analogous to the latitude lines on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2859858", "chunk_text": "\"Antisolar point\"\nanthelic point, such as the anthelion, Wegener arcs, Tricker arcs and the parhelic circle itself. Antisolar point The antisolar point is the abstract point on the celestial sphere directly opposite of the Sun from an observer's perspective. This means that the antisolar point lies above the horizon when the Sun is below it, and vice versa. On a sunny day, the antisolar point can be easily found; it is located within the shadow of the observer's head. Like the zenith and nadir, the antisolar point is not fixed in three-dimensional space, but is defined relative to the observer. Each observer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5363506", "chunk_text": "Asymptote\nSo the line is a horizontal tangent for the arctangent when \"\"x\"\" tends to −∞, and is a horizontal tangent for the arctangent when \"\"x\"\" tends to +∞. Functions may lack horizontal asymptotes on either or both sides, or may have one horizontal asymptote that is the same in both directions. For example, the function has a horizontal asymptote at \"\"y\"\" = 0 when \"\"x\"\" tends both to −∞ and +∞ because, respectively, When a linear asymptote is not parallel to the \"\"x\"\"- or \"\"y\"\"-axis, it is called an \"\"oblique asymptote\"\" or \"\"slant asymptote\"\". A function \"\"f\"\"(\"\"x\"\") is asymptotic to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219406", "chunk_text": "Horizon\nan effective radius giving a factor of 4.12 in the metric formula i.e. the radar horizon will be 15% beyond the geometrical horizon or 7% beyond the visual. The 4/3 factor is not exact, as in the visual case the refraction depends on atmospheric conditions. If the density profile of the atmosphere is known, the distance \"\"d\"\" to the horizon is given by where \"\"R\"\" is the radius of the Earth, \"\"ψ\"\" is the dip of the horizon and \"\"δ\"\" is the refraction of the horizon. The dip is determined fairly simply from where \"\"h\"\" is the observer's height above", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8891506", "chunk_text": "\"No Line on the Horizon\"\nno text could be placed on top of the image. Original releases had an equals sign superimposed in the middle of the album cover, but later releases featured only the image. AMP Visual, who designed the equals sign, stated that it represents \"\"a form of title for the album, from the universal language of mathematics,\"\" taking inspiration from the album's theme of \"\"universal balance and contrast, of night and day.\"\" Continuing the mathematical theme that the equals sign established, the packaging of the digipak special edition features a \"\"little hidden code\"\" in the form of a piece of the Fibonacci", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_134	when's the last time the philadelphia eagles played the new england patriots?	n/a	[ "in Super Bowl LII" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864704", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nBowl LI, which ended up paving the way for their fifth Super Bowl victory, tying them with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for the second-most in NFL history, 1 behind the Pittsburgh Steelers with 6; the game was also the first Super Bowl to go into overtime. The Patriots became the first team to reach ten Super Bowls in the 2017–18 playoffs but lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Patriots original helmet logo was a simple tricorne hat, used only for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693612", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n2016 home opener against the Cleveland Browns, and the 2017 home opener against the Giants. In the 2010 season against the Green Bay Packers, on September 12, 2010, the Eagles wore uniforms similar to the ones that were worn by the 1960 championship team in honor the 50th anniversary of that team. In weeks 4 and 6 of the 2010 season, the Eagles wore their white jerseys in a match-up against the Washington Redskins and Atlanta Falcons respectively before reverting to their midnight green jerseys for the rest of their home games. For the 2011 season, the Eagles did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494369", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nsince week 15 and threw for 352 passing yards and three touchdowns. The Eagles traveled to Minneapolis to compete in Super Bowl LII, their third attempt at a title, against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX from 2005. With Foles at the helm, Philadelphia started off the game strong, leading the Patriots 22–12 at halftime. New England's only lead was by one point in the fourth quarter, 33–32. The Eagles rallied back and scored an 11-yard touchdown to tight end Zach Ertz. The last score of the game was a 46-yard field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8607334", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nfirst time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8649173", "chunk_text": "\"The Lombardi Curse\"\nthat the franchise is cursed by Vince Lombardi; that beating Lombardi meant never winning the trophy named after him. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41 to 33 in Super Bowl LII at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 4, 2018, ending the alleged curse. In 1958, the Philadelphia Eagles offered and nearly hired Vince Lombardi to be their head coach after having served as the offensive coordinator for the New York Giants, but after some discussion he refused it in the end. The Eagles were reportedly not happy with his decision. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13421028", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nmet the Boston Bruins seven times in the NHL playoffs, including a stretch where they met four out of five years. The Philadelphia Phillies and the Boston Red Sox are interleague rivals, and the two franchises met in the 1915 World Series. The Eagles and the New England Patriots rarely play, but the teams met in both the 2005 Super Bowl and the 2018 Super Bowl. The Union and the New England Revolution both play in the MLS's Eastern Conference. Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. have teams in the same division in the NFL, NHL, MLB, and MLS. The Eagles and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773187", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSuper Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494373", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nRedskins during the 2017 season for the first time since the 2013 season. The Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers are both located in Pennsylvania and began play in 1933. From that season, through 1966, this was a major rivalry for both teams as both were part of the same division. In 1967, they were placed in separate divisions but remained in the same conference for three years. In 1970, the Steelers (along with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts) moved to the American Football Conference while the Eagles stayed with the rest of the old-line NFL teams in the National Football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16032894", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864711", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nthanks to a new NFL rule outlawing throwback alternate helmets. In 2016, the Patriots took part in the NFL Color Rush program, wearing monochrome navy uniforms on September 22 against the Houston Texans. They have worn them only once since 2016, donning the uniforms in a Thursday Night Football matchup against the Indianapolis Colts on October 4, 2018. In terms of number of games played, the Patriots have competed most against teams either currently or formerly from the AFC East division. This includes the current teams, the New York Jets, the Miami Dolphins, and the Buffalo Bills, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11161289", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Butler\"\nand three forced fumbles. On January 21, 2018, the Patriots won the to advance to the Super Bowl for the third time in Butler's career. Butler and the Patriots lost Super Bowl LII to the Philadelphia Eagles, 41–33. Butler did not play any defensive snaps in the game, only coming in for a single play on special teams. After the game, Patriots head coach Bill Belichick said his lack of playing time was a \"\"coach's decision,\"\" not due to disciplinary issues. When asked about the benching, Butler stated \"\"I don't know what it was. I guess I wasn't playing or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494372", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbases, with incidents such as the 1989 Bounty Bowl. The rivalry has even spilled over into Draft Weekend, with Cowboys legend Drew Pearson and Eagles legend David Akers exchanging insults at the opposing franchise in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Not as big as the rivalries between the Giants and Cowboys, that with division rivals Washington Redskins is still fierce. It started in 1934 when the Washington Redskins were first known as the Boston Redskins; the Redskins defeated the Eagles 6–0, and lead the all-time series 85–76–6. The rivalry has been very even since 2010 overall. However, the Eagles swept the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494365", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nsuch as Patrick Robinson, Chris Long, Corey Graham, Tim Jernigan and Ronald Darby. The team addressed its defense mostly in the draft, using its top three picks on defensive players. The Eagles drafted Derek Barnett with the 14th overall pick. They opened the season on the road versus the Washington Redskins and won the game 30–17. The team lost to the Kansas City Chiefs the following week, 27–20, in Pederson's return to face Andy Reid. The Eagles then won six consecutive games, including a road victory against the Carolina Panthers, 28–23. On the morning of October 31, 2017, just before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693608", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nhowever, re-appeared for the 2008 Thanksgiving night game against the Arizona Cardinals. The black jerseys were most recently used in a December 21, 2016 game against the New York Giants, in which they won 24-19. From 2006 to 2013, the Eagles have only worn the alternate black jerseys once a season and for the last November home game, but did not use them in 2007, 2010, and 2011. For the 2007 and 2010 seasons, the Eagles used throwback uniforms in place of the black alternates for their anniversary to commemorate past teams. The team also started wearing black shoes exclusively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19067750", "chunk_text": "\"Nigel Bradham\"\na 15–10 victory against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional Round. The Philadelphia Eagles reached Super Bowl LII after defeating the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Bradham started in Super Bowl LII and recorded seven combined tackles in the Eagles' 41–33 victory over the New England Patriots. On March 14, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles signed Bradham to a five-year, $40 million contract that includes $14 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $5 million. On June 29, 2018, Bradham was suspended for the first game of the season for violating the NFL's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8732604", "chunk_text": "\"2004 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nlearned that Lewis broke his ankle on the second touchdown catch, and he would be left off the Super Bowl roster. Meanwhile, the defense held Vick to 136 passing yards and 26 rushing yards, and kept Atlanta off the scoreboard in the second half. In their first Super Bowl appearance since Super Bowl XV, the Eagles met the New England Patriots on February 6, 2005 at ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The Patriots, led by Tom Brady had won two of the past three Super Bowls and a win against the Eagles would likely lead to \"\"dynasty status\"\". They had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13651801", "chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nSpecial, showing the moment of discussion between Nick Foles and Doug Pederson, was unveiled at Lincoln Financial Field. On September 6, 2018, during the first game of the 2018 season, the Eagles ran a similar trick play against the Atlanta Falcons successfully, gaining a first down. Despite the Philly Special being occasionally called \"\"Philly Philly\"\" due to the conversation Foles and Pederson had regarding calling that play, Pederson indicated the play in the Falcons-Eagles game is called \"\"Philly Philly.\"\" It is notable that in Super Bowl LII, the Patriots ran a play that was essentially identical, albeit not successful, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18498882", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nthe Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17465229", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693620", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbefore any major uniform changes and alterations can be made, it would most likely be quite some time before any uniform changes are officially made. In Week 6 of 2014 against the New York Giants, the team introduced black pants to complement their black jerseys, giving them a blackout uniform set, the Eagles won the game 27–0. The victory was their first shutout in 18 years. The blackout uniform was most recently worn in a Week 16 victory, 19-10, against the Raiders in 2017. The Eagles are 6–3 in their blackout uniforms: winning three times against the Giants and once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2568707", "chunk_text": "\"Duce Staley\"\nwas promoted to special teams quality control coach. After the departure of Andy Reid, Staley remained on the new staff with Chip Kelly and was promoted to the team's running backs coach. Kelly was fired as the team's head coach in December 2015 and Staley was interviewed for the vacant head coaching job in January 2016. Staley was retained as the team's running backs coach by new head coach Doug Pederson on January 20, 2016. On February 4, 2018, Staley won his first Super Bowl as a coach, and second overall, as the Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 in Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17465299", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\nAFC playoff games. Coverage of the NFC Wild Card and Divisional rounds was split between Fox and NBC, with each network having coverage of one game in each of those two rounds. CBS had exclusive coverage of the AFC Championship Game. Fox had exclusive coverage of the NFC Championship Game. NBC had exclusive coverage of Super Bowl LII. 2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909253", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nin the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494342", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nEagles advanced to Super Bowl XXXIX, where they dueled the New England Patriots. Although McNabb threw 3 touchdown passes and 357 yards in the game, and the score was tied 14–14 going into the fourth quarter, the Patriots outscored the Eagles and scored ten straight points. McNabb completed a 30-yard touchdown pass, and the Eagles defense held the Patriots to a 3 and out, but a crucial interception with 46 seconds left on the clock secured their fate. The Patriots won 24–21. The team took a step back in 2005 with a 6–10 record. McNabb had played with a sports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7774826", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Mitchell\"\nhe caught six passes for 70 yards as the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. He caught all five targets from Brady in the pivotal fourth quarter, and converted four of those five receptions into first downs. On September 7, 2017, Mitchell was placed on injured reserve due to a knee injury. With Mitchell not playing the whole season, the Patriots reached Super Bowl LII, but lost 41-33 to the Philadelphia Eagles. Throughout the offseason, Mitchell had been dealing issues with his knee, and underwent a knee procedure in July. On August 6, 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494404", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nstarring Danny DeVito makes several references to the Philadelphia Eagles, most notably Season 3, Episode 2 – \"\"The Gang Gets Invincible,\"\" the title being a reference to the Wahlberg film. Philadelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2483779", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Pederson\"\nleague MVP, tore his ACL in Week 14, leaving backup [[Nick Foles]] with the starting job for the remainder of the year. Despite becoming major playoff underdogs due to the loss of Wentz, Foles filled in admirably as the starter, allowing Philadelphia to make it to [[Super Bowl LII]], their first Super Bowl appearance since the 2004 season. Eventual Super Bowl MVP Foles led the team in a 41-33 win over the [[New England Patriots]], giving them their first Lombardi Trophy in franchise history and their first league championship since 1960. On May 3, 2018, it was reported the Philadelphia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693621", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nagainst each of the Minnesota Vikings, Denver Broncos, and Oakland Raiders, and losing against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. The Eagles previously held their preseason training camp from the end of July through mid-August each year at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley. With the addition of head coach Chip Kelly, the Eagles in 2013, moved their training camp to the NovaCare Complex in Philadelphia. Training camps were previously held at Chestnut Hill Academy in 1935, Saint Joseph's University in 1939 and 1943, Saranac Lake from 1946 to 1948, Hershey from 1951 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3485286", "chunk_text": "\"Julian Edelman\"\nAugust 25, 2017, in the team's third preseason game against the Detroit Lions, Edelman completely tore his ACL, which prematurely ended his 2017 season. He was officially placed on injured reserve on September 2, 2017. Without Edelman, the Patriots finished 13-3 and reached Super Bowl LII. The Patriots lost 41-33 to the Philadelphia Eagles. In February 2018, it was reported that Edelman expected to be ready to play by the 2018 training camp. On June 7, 2018, it was announced that Edelman was expected to be suspended for four games due to a violation of the policy against using performance-enhancing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15218399", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm Jenkins\"\nbye and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Eagles advanced to the Super Bowl after defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the NFC Divisional Round and the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Jenkins started in Super Bowl LII recorded four solo tackles and a pass deflection as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33. The victory in Super Bowl LII marked Jenkins' second Super Bowl victory and became the second time he helped a team achieve their first Super Bowl in franchise history. Jenkins started his own charity called The Malcolm Jenkins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20235018", "chunk_text": "\"Nigel Bradham\"\nthe Eagles' Week 17 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. He finished the season with 88 combined tackles (61 solo), a career-high eight pass deflections, and two sacks in 15 games and 15 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Bradham an overall grade of 80.6, which ranked 21st among all qualifying linebackers in 2017. The Philadelphia Eagles finished the season atop the NFC East with a 13–3 record, clinching home-field advantage and a first round bye. On January 13, 2018, Bradham started in his first career playoff game and recorded four combined tackles, a pass deflection, and sacked quarterback Matt Ryan during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693599", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n86–86–2. Three of the best known comebacks against the Giants are labeled as \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands – Herm Edwards\"\", \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands II – Brian Westbrook\"\" and \"\"Miracle In The New Meadowlands – DeSean Jackson\"\". The Cowboys have been one of the Eagles' biggest rivals. The Eagles won the first game in this rivalry 27–25 on September 30, 1960. Dallas leads the all-time series 63–51–0. They have been close in recent years, with Dallas winning 12 games from 2006 to the present while the Eagles have also won 12. There is much hostility between the two teams' fan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177177", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\n2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909366", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nas the rest of the game represented total domination from Nick Foles and the Eagles' offense, who racked up 456 total yards and 38 unanswered points. With a blowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5 point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), which also happened to be against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479517", "chunk_text": "\"Rodney McLeod\"\nThe Philadelphia Eagles finished the 2017 season atop the NFC East with a 13–3 record and clinched a playoff berth and home field advantage. On January 13, 2018, McLeod started his first career playoff game and recorded seven solo tackles and a sack on Matt Ryan during the Eagles' 15–10 victory against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional round. The Eagles went on to defeat the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship and went on to face the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl. On February 4, 2018, McLeod started in Super Bowl LII and recorded six combined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15632263", "chunk_text": "\"Merrill Reese\"\n(1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the \"\"Philly Special\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494374", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nConference. As a result, the Eagles and Steelers no longer played each other every year; instead, they are scheduled to meet once every four years in the regular season, the most recent meeting being in 2016 at Lincoln Financial Field, with the Eagles winning 34–3. The Steelers have lost nine straight games on the road against the Eagles dating back to 1966, which was also the start of the Super Bowl era. The Eagles lead the all-time series 47–28–3. For several decades, the Eagles' colors were kelly green, silver, and white. In 1954, the Eagles, along with the Baltimore Colts,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454257", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Foles\"\navoid injury in the regular season finale, a 6–0 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. On January 13, 2018, the Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10, in the NFC Divisional playoff game, with Foles completing 23 of 30 passes for 246 yards. This was the Eagles' first playoff victory in nine seasons. On January 21, 2018, the Eagles defeated the Minnesota Vikings, 38–7, in the NFC Championship Game, with Foles going 26 of 33 for 352 yards and 3 touchdowns. The Vikings were 3-point favorites with the league's top-ranked defense entering the game. In Super Bowl LII, Foles caught a touchdown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8780917", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nin 1980. After another down period, the franchise made the playoffs in six of nine seasons between 1988 and 1996. Andy Reid was hired as head coach in 1999, and across fourteen seasons he led the franchise to nine playoff appearances and a run to the 2004 Super Bowl. After Chip Kelly's three-year tenure as head coach, the Eagles hired Doug Pederson, a former offensive coordinator under Reid. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. In 1994, defensive end Reggie White, running back Steve Van Buren, and two-way players Chuck Bednarik and Pete Pihos were named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6460014", "chunk_text": "\"Jomal Wiltz\"\nteam's best defensive player and was named honorable mention All-Big 12. In addition he was invited to compete in the College Gridiron Showcase. Wiltz signed with the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent on May 11, 2017. He was waived on September 2, 2017 and was signed to the Eagles' practice squad the next day. On September 7, 2017, Wiltz was signed to the New England Patriots' practice squad. He was released by the Patriots on September 20, 2017 but was re-signed five days later. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Patriots on February 6, 2018. On September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387627", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Rowe\"\npass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and five starts. On January 18, 2016, the Philadelphia Eagles hired Kansas City Chiefs' offensive coordinator Doug Pederson as their new head coach. During training camp, Rowe competed to be a starting cornerback against Nolan Carroll, Leodis McKelvin, Jalen Mills, and Ron Brooks. On September 7, 2016, Rowe was traded to the Patriots for a conditional fourth-round draft pick in 2018. Head coach Bill Belichick named Rowe the fifth cornerback on the depth chart, behind Logan Ryan, Malcolm Butler, Justin Coleman, and Cyrus Jones. Rowe was inactive for the first five games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494324", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\none of the fiercest and most well-known rivalries in the American football community. They also have a bitter rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys, which has become more high-profile since the 1960s, as well as a historic rivalry with the Washington Redskins. Their rivalry with the Pittsburgh Steelers is another bitter rivalry, roughly dating back to 1933, that mostly arises from the two teams' statuses as being from opposite ends of the same state. The team consistently ranks among the best in the league in attendance and has sold out every game since the 1999 season. In a \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" poll", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494378", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nthe team wore midnight green jerseys and pants for the first of only two occasions in team history. The second occasion was in 2002, during the final regular season game at Veterans Stadium, a win over the division-rival Washington Redskins. A year later, in the first two games of the 2003 season (both home losses to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New England Patriots), the Eagles wore white jerseys with white pants. Since 2003, the white jerseys along with white pants have been worn during preseason games. The 2003 season also saw the first (though only subtle) change to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773234", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSeahawks, 28–24, ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, 34-28, two years later. The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams (5 by the Patriots, 3 by the Red Sox, and one each by the Celtics and Bruins) since 2002. With the Eagles’ loss, the city of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philly-based pro sports team since the 1983 Sixers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11598890", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\n2004 and 2018), and won in 2018. The franchise frequently finished at the bottom of the standings in the 1930s, but improved in the 1940s, and became the only NFL team to win back to back championships by shutout (in 1948 and 1949). Though the franchise was average for much of the 1950s, the 1960 championship-winning Eagles were the only team to defeat the Vince Lombardi-coached Packers in a playoff game. The Eagles did not experience much success in the 1960s and early 1970s, but the franchise made four straight playoff appearances starting in 1978, including a Super Bowl appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693584", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbefore being promoted to quarterbacks coach for the 2011 and 2012 seasons. He was praised for his work with Chiefs quarterback Alex Smith over the preceding few seasons, particularly 2015, as the Chiefs moved into the top 10 in scoring offense. At the end of the 2015 season, the Eagles had the 13th pick in the 2016 NFL Draft. They traded Byron Maxwell, Kiko Alonso, and their pick to the Miami Dolphins for the #8 pick. Later, they traded the #8 pick, their third-round pick, their fourth-round pick, a 2017 first-round pick, and a 2018 second-round pick to the Cleveland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "550896", "chunk_text": "\"2014 New England Patriots season\"\n2014 New England Patriots season The 2014 New England Patriots season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, the 55th overall and the 15th under head coach Bill Belichick. The 2014 season would mark the ten-year anniversary of the Patriots third Super Bowl win, when they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XXXIX. Despite their championship drought, Bill Belichick’s Patriots remained historically dominant throughout much of the 2000s. They qualified for the playoffs nine times—missing only the 2008 postseason—reached the AFC Championship five times, appeared in two Super Bowls and, in the eyes of many, solidified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4864703", "chunk_text": "\"New England Patriots\"\nthe Patriots were defeated by the Giants to end their bid for a 19–0 season. With the loss, the Patriots ended the year at 18–1, becoming only one of three teams to go 18–1 along with the 1984 San Francisco 49ers and the 1985 Chicago Bears. The Patriots' returned to the Super Bowl in 2012 but lost again to the Giants, 21–17. In 2015, they won Super Bowl XLIX, defeating the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24. The Patriots became the first team to reach nine Super Bowls in the 2016–17 playoffs and faced the Atlanta Falcons in Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909100", "chunk_text": "\"2017 New England Patriots season\"\nfrom the previous year. The win also made Tom Brady the oldest quarterback (40 years, 163 days) to win a playoff game, surpassing Brett Favre for the record. It was also the second time they advanced to the Super Bowl two consecutive seasons since 2004. They faced the Philadelphia Eagles in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. This also made the Patriots the only team in NFL history to appear in ten Super Bowls, and gave the Patriots a chance to repeat as Super Bowl Champions for the second time in franchise history, and for the first time since 2004.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909101", "chunk_text": "\"2017 New England Patriots season\"\nIn addition, they had the chance to tie the Pittsburgh Steelers for the record of most Super Bowl wins by a team in NFL history with 6. However, due to a late strip-sack of Brady by Brandon Graham and a failed Hail Mary pass, the Eagles defeated the Patriots in Super Bowl LII by 41–33, ending the Patriots chance at a sixth Super Bowl title and resulting in their first Super Bowl loss since 2011. The loss prevented the Patriots from repeating their three-in-four Super Bowl run that they managed from 2001–2004. Also with the loss, the Patriots tied the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_135	what was the purpose of a revival meeting during the second great awakening?	n/a	[ "evangelizing" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11775285", "chunk_text": "\"History of Christianity in the United States\"\nnew members enrolled in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ. While the First Great Awakening was centered on reviving the spirituality of established congregations, the Second focused on the unchurched and sought to instill in them a deep sense of personal salvation as experienced in revival meetings. The principal innovation produced by the revivals was the camp meeting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588414", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nSecond Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the supernatural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment. The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7798325", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\npreviously played an important role on the American political scene, the Second Great Awakening strengthened the role it would play. Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the supernatural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588421", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nThese often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and they were important as social venues. The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length with preachers. Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship. The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing, shouting, and singing associated with these events. The revivals followed an arc of great emotional power, with an emphasis of the individual's sins and need to turn to Christ, restored by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588422", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\na sense of personal salvation. Upon their return home, most converts joined or created small local churches, which grew rapidly. Calvinists emphasized the inability of men to save themselves. The only way to be saved was by God's electing grace. The Revival of 1800 in Logan County, Kentucky, began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion. The first informal camp meeting began there in June, when people began camping on the grounds of the Red River Meeting House. Subsequent meetings followed at the nearby Gasper River and Muddy River congregations, all three under the ministry of James McGready. One year later,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11074452", "chunk_text": "\"Camp meeting\"\nCamp meeting The camp meeting is a form of Protestant Christian religious service originating in England and Scotland as an evangelical event in association with the communion season. It was held for worship, preaching and communion on the American frontier during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century. Revivals and camp meetings continued to be held by various denominations, and in some areas of the mid-Atlantic, led to the development of seasonal cottages for meetings. Originally camp meetings were held in frontier areas, where people without regular preachers would travel on occasion from a large region to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588419", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nbecause of the highly publicized revivals that crisscrossed the region. Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term. Linda K. Pritchard uses statistical data to show that compared to the rest of New York State, the Ohio River Valley in the lower Midwest, and the country as a whole, the religiosity of the Burned-over District was typical rather than exceptional. On the American Frontier, evangelical denominations sent missionary preachers and exhorters out to the people in the backcountry, which supported the growth of membership among Methodists and Baptists. Revivalists' techniques were based on the camp meeting,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14552267", "chunk_text": "\"Revival of 1800\"\nRevival of 1800 The Revival of 1800 was a series of evangelical Christian meetings which began in Logan County, Kentucky, which ignited the subsequent events and influenced several of the leaders of the Second Great Awakening. The events represented a transition from traditions carried over from Europe to innovations that responded to the unique needs and personality of Americans in the new century. The startling manifestations of revival fervor that first occurred in June 1800 at the Red River Meeting House, a small Presbyterian congregation led by James McGready, began as a Scottish sacrament service, but brought about the important", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6015884", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1789–1849)\"\nEuropean reformers. The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement that flourished in 1800–1840 in every region. It expressed Arminian theology by which every person could be saved through a direct personal confrontation with Jesus Christ during an intensely emotional revival meeting. Millions joined the churches, often new denominations. Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age, so that the Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. For example, the charismatic Charles Grandison Finney, in upstate New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "685983", "chunk_text": "Restorationism\nThis desire to restore a purer form of Christianity played a role in the development of many groups during this period, known as the Second Great Awakening, including the Mormons, Baptists and Shakers. Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period. Camp meetings fueled the Second Great Awakening, which served as an \"\"organizing process\"\" that created \"\"a religious and educational infrastructure\"\" across the trans-Appalachian frontier that encompassed social networks, a religious journalism that provided mass communication, and church related colleges. The American Restoration Movement aimed to restore the church and sought \"\"the unification of all Christians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6820032", "chunk_text": "\"Christian revival\"\na majority that tends to impose its own standards. The Grundtvigian and Home Mission revival movements arose in Denmark after 1860 and reshaped religion in that country, and among immigrants to America. In the U.S. the Second Great Awakening (1800–30s) was the second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival meetings. Major leaders included Asahel Nettleton, James Brainerd Taylor, Charles Grandison Finney, Lyman Beecher, Barton Stone, Alexander Campbell, Peter Cartwright and James B. Finley. Rev. Charles Finney (1792–1875) was a key leader of the evangelical revival movement in America. From 1821", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13586994", "chunk_text": "\"Great Awakening\"\nGreat Awakening The Great Awakening refers to a number of periods of religious revival in American Christian history. Historians and theologians identify three or four waves of increased religious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century and the late 20th century. Each of these \"\"Great Awakenings\"\" was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase of interest in religion, a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected, an increase in evangelical church membership, and the formation of new religious movements and denominations. The Awakenings all resulted from powerful preaching that gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7798318", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nSouth, such as Charleston, South Carolina, and Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia. With the growth in congregations and churches, Baptist associations formed in Virginia, for instance, as well as Kentucky and other states. The revival also inspired slaves to demand freedom. In 1800, out of African American revival meetings in Virginia, a plan for slave rebellion was devised by Gabriel Prosser, although the rebellion was discovered and crushed before it started. Despite white attempts to control independent African American congregations, especially after the Nat Turner Uprising of 1831, a number of African American congregations managed to maintain their separation as independent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7798311", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nmany groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Mormons, Baptists and Shakers. Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period: The Restoration Movement began during, and was greatly influenced by, the Second Great Awakening. While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by Barton W. Stone. The Southern phase of the Awakening \"\"was an important matrix of Barton Stone's reform", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13192935", "chunk_text": "\"Restoration Movement\"\nRestoration Movement The Restoration Movement (also known as the American Restoration Movement or the Stone-Campbell Movement, and pejoratively as Campbellism) is a Christian movement that began on the United States frontier during the Second Great Awakening (1790–1840) of the early 19th century. The pioneers of this movement were seeking to reform the church from within and sought \"\"the unification of all Christians in a single body patterned after the church of the New Testament.\"\" Especially since the mid-20th century, members of these churches do not identify as Protestant but simply as Christian. The Restoration Movement developed from several independent strands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11074453", "chunk_text": "\"Camp meeting\"\nparticular site to camp, pray, sing hymns, and listen to itinerant preachers at the tabernacle. Camp meetings offered community, often singing and other music, sometimes dancing, and diversion from work. The practice was a major component of the Second Great Awakening, an evangelical movement promoted by Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and other preachers in the early 19th century. Certain denominations took the lead in different geographic areas. Camp meetings today are often held annually at campgrounds owned by a Christian denomination. The camp meeting is a phenomenon of American frontier Christianity, as well as British Christianity, but with strong roots in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9736935", "chunk_text": "\"Camp meeting\"\nforce in religion since the 1740s and the First Great Awakening, but in the days of the camp meeting, \"\"revivalism became the dominant religious culture.\"\" These sorts of meetings contributed greatly to what became known as the Second Great Awakening. A particularly large and successful revival was held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky in 1801, led by some ministers later active in what became the Restoration Movement. Some scholars suggest that this was the pioneering event in the history of frontier camp meetings in America. What made camp meetings successful and multiply quite rapidly \"\"were their emphases upon revivalism and morality,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7517869", "chunk_text": "\"Revival meeting\"\nRevival meeting A revival meeting is a series of Christian religious services held to inspire active members of a church body to gain new converts. Nineteenth-century Baptist preacher Charles Spurgeon said, \"\"Many blessings may come to the unconverted in consequence of a revival among Christians, but the revival itself has to do only with those who already possess spiritual life.\"\" These meetings are usually conducted by churches or missionary organizations throughout the world. Notable historic revival meetings were conducted in the US by evangelist Billy Sunday and in Wales by evangelist Evan Roberts. A revival meeting usually consists of several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12777361", "chunk_text": "\"Cane Ridge Revival\"\nCane Ridge Revival The Cane Ridge Revival was a large camp meeting that was held in Cane Ridge, Kentucky from August 6 to August 12 or 13, 1801. It has been described as the \"\"[l]argest and most famous camp meeting of the Second Great Awakening.\"\" This camp meeting was arguably the pioneering event in the history of frontier camp meetings in America. It was based at the Cane Ridge Meeting House and drew between 10,000 and 20,000 people. According to \"\"The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement\"\", logistical considerations make it unlikely that more than 10,000 could have been present at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8783010", "chunk_text": "\"Cane Ridge Revival\"\nthe camp area, some using stumps, wagons and fallen trees as makeshift platforms. Cane Ridge Revival The Cane Ridge Revival was a large camp meeting that was held in Cane Ridge, Kentucky from August 6 to August 12 or 13, 1801. It has been described as the \"\"[l]argest and most famous camp meeting of the Second Great Awakening.\"\" This camp meeting was arguably the pioneering event in the history of frontier camp meetings in America. It was based at the Cane Ridge Meeting House and drew between 10,000 and 20,000 people. According to \"\"The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement\"\", logistical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3239653", "chunk_text": "\"Revival meeting\"\nthe Congregational church in De Smet, South Dakota. Remembrances of revival-meetings attended as a youth were the inspiration for the second movement of Charles Ives' Orchestral Set No. 2, \"\"The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People's Outdoor Meeting\"\". Revival meeting A revival meeting is a series of Christian religious services held to inspire active members of a church body to gain new converts. Nineteenth-century Baptist preacher Charles Spurgeon said, \"\"Many blessings may come to the unconverted in consequence of a revival among Christians, but the revival itself has to do only with those who already possess spiritual life.\"\" These meetings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7798324", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nsphere. The spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was carried on in the antebellum Whig party. Historians stress the understanding common among participants of reform as being a part of God's plan. As a result, local churches saw their roles in society in purifying the world through the individuals to whom they could bring salvation, and through changes in the law and the creation of institutions. Interest in transforming the world was applied to mainstream political action, as temperance activists, antislavery advocates, and proponents of other variations of reform sought to implement their beliefs into national politics. While Protestant religion had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11775286", "chunk_text": "\"History of Christianity in the United States\"\nWhen assembled in a field or at the edge of a forest for a prolonged religious meeting, the participants transformed the site into a camp meeting. Singing and preaching was the main activity for several days. The revivals were often intense and created intense emotions. Some fell away but many if not most became permanent church members. The Methodists and Baptists made them one of the evangelical signatures of the denomination. During the Second Great Awakening new Protestant denominations emerged such as Adventism, the Restoration Movement, and groups such as Jehovah's Witnesses and (although it did not use revivals) Mormonism.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8816757", "chunk_text": "\"Christianity in the United States\"\nthat the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ. During the Second Great Awakening, new Protestant denominations emerged such as Adventism, the Restoration Movement, and groups such as Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormonism. While the First Great Awakening was centered on reviving the spirituality of established congregations, the Second focused on the unchurched and sought to instill in them a deep sense of personal salvation as experienced in revival meetings. The principal innovation produced by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588415", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nMany converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1750s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s. These revivals were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across Europe at the time, mainly throughout England, Scotland, and Germany. Like the First Great Awakening a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588410", "chunk_text": "\"Great Awakening\"\nto leave and grabbed by a white church trustee in the midst of prayer. Closely related to the Second Great Awakening were other reform movements such as temperance, abolition, and women's rights. The temperance movement encouraged people to abstain from consuming alcoholic drinks in order to preserve family order. The abolition movement fought to abolish slavery in the United States. The women's rights movement grew from female abolitionists who realized that they too could fight for their own political rights. In addition to these causes, reforms touched nearly every aspect of daily life, such as restricting the use of tobacco", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13586996", "chunk_text": "\"Great Awakening\"\nslaves and was an apocalyptic event in New England that challenged established authority. It incited rancor and division between old traditionalists who insisted on the continuing importance of ritual and doctrine, and the new revivalists, who encouraged emotional involvement and personal commitment. It had a major impact in reshaping the Congregational church, the Presbyterian church, the Dutch Reformed Church, and the German Reformed denomination, and strengthened the small Baptist and Methodist denominations. It had little impact on Anglicans and Quakers. Unlike the Second Great Awakening, which began about 1800 and reached out to the unchurched, the First Great Awakening focused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7338380", "chunk_text": "\"Revival of 1800\"\n1807 and moved to Henderson, Kentucky, to minister to a congregation he had pioneered during the 1800 revivals. He died there in 1817. Revival of 1800 The Revival of 1800 was a series of evangelical Christian meetings which began in Logan County, Kentucky, which ignited the subsequent events and influenced several of the leaders of the Second Great Awakening. The events represented a transition from traditions carried over from Europe to innovations that responded to the unique needs and personality of Americans in the new century. The startling manifestations of revival fervor that first occurred in June 1800 at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6579488", "chunk_text": "\"Red River Meeting House\"\nRed River Meeting House The Red River Meeting House was the site of the first religious camp meeting in the United States. Held June 13–17, 1800, it marked the start of the Second Great Awakening, a major religious movement in the United States in the first part of the nineteenth century. The meeting was organized by the Presbyterian minister James McGready (also spelled M'Gready) in Logan County, Kentucky, and several preachers took part. What later became known as the Revival of 1800 began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion at the Red River Meeting House in June of the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7712546", "chunk_text": "\"Presbyterian Church in the United States of America\"\nfirst grew out of meetings led by Presbyterian minister James McGready. The most famous camp meeting of the Second Great Awakening, the Cane Ridge Revival in Kentucky, occurred during a traditional Scottish communion season under the leadership of local Presbyterian minister Barton W. Stone. Over 10 thousand people came to Cane Ridge to hear sermons from Presbyterian as well as Methodist and Baptist preachers. Like the First Great Awakening, Presbyterian ministers were divided over their assessment of the fruits of the new wave of revivals. Many pointed to \"\"excesses\"\" displayed by some participants as signs that the revivals were theologically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5209417", "chunk_text": "\"History of religion in the United States\"\nof 28.6 times when the total national population grew by a factor of eight times. It made evangelicalism one of the dominant forces in American religion. Balmer explains that: In 1800, major revivals began that spread across the nation: the decorous Second Great Awakening in New England and the exuberant Great Revival in Cane Ridge, Kentucky. The principal religious innovation produced by the Kentucky revivals was the camp meeting. The revivals at first were organized by Presbyterian ministers who modeled them after the extended outdoor communion seasons, used by the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, which frequently produced emotional, demonstrative displays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8816758", "chunk_text": "\"Christianity in the United States\"\nrevivals was the camp meeting. When assembled in a field or at the edge of a forest for a prolonged religious meeting, the participants transformed the site into a camp meeting. Singing and preaching were the main activities for several days. The revivals were often intense and created intense emotions. Some fell away but many if not most became permanent church members. The Methodists and Baptists made them one of the evangelical signatures of the denomination. The Christianity of the black population was grounded in evangelicalism. The Second Great Awakening has been called the \"\"central and defining event in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7798310", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nrefers to belief in the soon Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) and resulted in several major religious denominations, including Seventh-day Adventists and Advent Christians. Though its roots are in the First Great Awakening and earlier, a re-emphasis on Wesleyan teachings on sanctification emerged during the Second Great Awakening, leading to a distinction between Mainline Methodism and Holiness churches. The idea of restoring a \"\"primitive\"\" form of Christianity grew in popularity in the U.S. after the American Revolution. This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14552291", "chunk_text": "\"Revival of 1800\"\nterm that came to be associated with the revival phenomenon of collapsing in a state of physical helplessness, McGee continued: “The floor was soon covered with the slain; their screams for mercy pierced the heavens.” The religious excitement at Red River inspired what would later become a regular feature of Kentucky revivalism—camping at the site. In July 1800, the first camp meeting of the Second Great Awakening took place near the Gasper River. Previous to 1800, long-distance travelers attending the multi-day sacrament observance would make arrangements to stay with neighboring families, but as the news of the revivals spread, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20100309", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nperson. The Awakening had a major impact in reshaping the Congregational, Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, and German Reformed denominations, and it strengthened the small Baptist and Methodist denominations. It brought Christianity to the slaves and was a powerful event in New England that challenged established authority. It incited rancor and division between the new revivalists and the old traditionalists who insisted on ritual and liturgy. The Awakening had little impact on Anglicans and Quakers. The First Great Awakening focused on people who were already church members, unlike the Second Great Awakening that began around 1800 and reached out to the unchurched.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588423", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nan even larger sacrament occasion was held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky under Barton Stone, attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people. Numerous Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist ministers participated in the services. Thanks to such leaders as Barton W. Stone (1772–1844) and Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), the camp meeting revival became a major mode of church expansion for the Methodists and Baptists. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church emerged in Kentucky. Cane Ridge was also instrumental in fostering what became known as the Restoration Movement. This was made up of non-denominational churches committed to what they saw as the original, fundamental Christianity of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588428", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nof the evangelical converts of the New York frontier. There were also societies that broadened their focus from traditional religious concerns to larger societal ones. These organizations were primarily sponsored by affluent women. They did not stem entirely from the Second Great Awakening, but the revivalist doctrine and the expectation that one's conversion would lead to personal action accelerated the role of women's social benevolence work. Social activism influenced abolition groups and supporters of the Temperance movement. They began efforts to reform prisons and care for the handicapped and mentally ill. They believed in the perfectibility of people and were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7798321", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\npreparing a community for revival and improving their efficacy in conversion. Women also took crucial roles in the conversion and religious upbringing of children. During the period of revival, mothers were seen as the moral and spiritual foundation of the family, and were thus tasked with instructing children in matters of religion and ethics. The greatest change in women's roles stemmed from participation in newly formalized missionary and reform societies. Women's prayer groups were an early and socially acceptable form of women's organization. In the 1830s, female moral reform societies rapidly spread across the North making it the first predominantly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588416", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nhalf century earlier, the Second reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural. It rejected the skepticism, deism, and rationalism left over from the Enlightenment. At about the same time, similar movements flourished in Europe. Pietism was sweeping German countries. Evangelicalism was waxing strong in England. The Second Great Awakening occurred in several episodes and over different denominations; however, the revivals were very similar. As the most effective form of evangelizing during this period, revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries, and the movement quickly spread throughout Kentucky, Tennessee and southern Ohio. Each denomination had assets that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13001185", "chunk_text": "\"Christianity in the 19th century\"\nPayson, James Brainerd Taylor, Charles Grandison Finney, Lyman Beecher, Barton W. Stone, Peter Cartwright, and James Finley. In New England, the renewed interest in religion inspired a wave of social activism. In western New York, the spirit of revival encouraged the emergence of the Restoration Movement, the Latter Day Saint movement, Adventism, and the Holiness movement. Especially in the west—at Cane Ridge, Kentucky and in Tennessee—the revival strengthened the Methodists and the Baptists and introduced into America a new form of religious expression—the Scottish camp meeting. The Second Great Awakening made its way across the frontier territories, fed by intense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18780559", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Grandison Finney\"\nCharles Grandison Finney Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792 – August 16, 1875) was an American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called \"\"The Father of Modern Revivalism\"\". Finney was best known as an innovative revivalist during the period 1825–1835 in upstate New York and Manhattan, an opponent of Old School Presbyterian theology, an advocate of Christian perfectionism, and a religious writer. Together with several other evangelical leaders, his religious views led him to promote social reforms, such as abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African Americans.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7748977", "chunk_text": "\"History of Protestantism in the United States\"\nwith new Protestant denominations such as Adventism, the Restoration Movement, and groups such as Mormonism. While the First Great Awakening was centered on reviving the spirituality of established congregations, the Second Great Awakening(1800–1830s), unlike the first, focused on the unchurched and sought to instill in them a deep sense of personal salvation as experienced in revival meetings. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Bishop Francis Asbury led the American Methodist movement as one of the most prominent religious leaders of the young republic. Traveling throughout the eastern seaboard, Methodism grew quickly under Asbury's leadership into one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12957405", "chunk_text": "\"Christian revival\"\nChristian revival Revivalism is increased spiritual interest or renewal in the life of a church congregation or society, with a local, national or global effect. This should be distinguished from the use of the term \"\"revival\"\" to refer to an evangelistic meeting or series of meetings (see Revival meeting). Revivals are seen as the restoration of the church itself to a vital and fervent relationship with God after a period of moral decline. Mass conversions of non-believers are viewed by church leaders as having positive moral effects. Within Christian studies the concept of revival is derived from biblical narratives of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588411", "chunk_text": "\"Great Awakening\"\nand dietary and dress reforms. The abolition movement emerged in the North from the wider Second Great Awakening 1800–1840. The Third Great Awakening in the 1850s–1900s was characterized by new denominations, active missionary work, Chautauquas, and the Social Gospel approach to social issues. The YMCA (founded in 1844) played a major role in fostering revivals in the cities in the 1858 Awakening and after. The revival of 1858 produced the leadership, such as that of Dwight L. Moody, out of which came religious work carried on in the armies during the civil war. The Christian and Sanitary Commissions and numerous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13700142", "chunk_text": "\"First Great Awakening\"\nFirst Great Awakening The First Great Awakening (sometimes Great Awakening) or the Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affected Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion. The Great Awakening marked the emergence of Anglo-American evangelicalism as a transdenominational movement within the Protestant churches. In the United States, the term \"\"Great Awakening\"\" is most often used, while in the United Kingdom, it is referred to as the \"\"Evangelical Revival\"\". Building on the foundations of older traditions—Puritanism, pietism and Presbyterianism—major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13588418", "chunk_text": "\"Second Great Awakening\"\nsociety in preparation for that return. This duty extended beyond American borders to include Christian Restorationism. George Fredrickson argues that Postmillennial theology \"\"was an impetus to the promotion of Progressive reforms, as historians have frequently pointed out.\"\" During the Second Great Awakening of the 1830s, some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years. By the 1840s, however, the great day had receded to the distant future, and postmillennialism became a more passive religious dimension of the wider middle-class pursuit of reform and progress. In the early nineteenth century, western New York State was called the \"\"burned-over district\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5760632", "chunk_text": "\"Great Awakening\"\nsocial, and rhetorical notions ushered in the period of the American Revolution. This contributed to create a demand for religious freedom. The Great Awakening represented the first time African Americans embraced Christianity in large numbers. In the later part of the 1700s the Revival came to the English colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, primarily through the efforts of Henry Alline and his New Light movement. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century. While", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8816756", "chunk_text": "\"Christianity in the United States\"\nbecome a major Constitutional issue. The first time the U.S. Supreme Court cited that phrase from Jefferson was in 1878, 76 years later. The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant movement that began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800, and after 1820 membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the 1840s. It was a reaction against skepticism, deism, and rational Christianity, and was especially attractive to young women. Millions of new members enrolled in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. Many converts believed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14552327", "chunk_text": "\"Revival of 1800\"\nhot at Cane Ridge in 1801 as the bodily exercises and general enthusiasm reached greater levels and grew more unruly. Conservative Presbyterians became skeptical and were concerned, among other things, about the number of people admitted to communion based only on ecstatic experiences. In 1800, James McGready stood at the juncture of two centuries, looking backward to the traditions of his spiritual fathers and forward to children of a new century in a young republic. The segment of the Second Great Awakening that arose from the concert of voices he led, stood in the shadow of the First, when republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5189879", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nmembership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations, whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the 1840s. It enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements – including abolitionism and temperance designed to remove the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ. After 1840 the abolitionist movement redefined itself as a crusade against the sin of slave ownership. It mobilized support", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_136	when was catch me if you can made?	n/a	[ "2002" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634961", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (1989 film)\"\nCatch Me If You Can (1989 film) Catch Me If You Can is a 1989 American motion picture starring Matt Lattanzi, Loryn Locklin, Grant Heslov, Geoffrey Lewis and M. Emmet Walsh. The film was the directorial debut of writer and director Stephen Sommers, with a soundtrack by Tangerine Dream. The movie follows the antics of high school students and their adventure in saving their school from being closed. Class president Melissa (Loryn Locklin) has started raising money through donations to keep the school open, but when the fundraising begins to slow down, Dylan (Matt Lattanzi) convinces Melissa that he can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634963", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (1989 film)\"\nSommers grew up), and at Cathedral High School and Apollo High School, which Sommers attended. It was funded independently and had a budget of $800,000. The film was Sommers's directorial debut and was written by him. When production finished, the studio that had promised to distribute the movie had gone out of business, and it was eventually released by MCA Inc. in July 1989. The movie did not fare well at the box office, grossing only $3686 in its domestic run, but it made $7 million overseas. The movie featured local residents cast as extras in the production and many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7908659", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\neventually turned to him for help in catching other check forgers. Development for the film started in 1980, but did not progress until 1997, when Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the film rights to Abagnale's book. David Fincher, Gore Verbinski, Lasse Hallström, Miloš Forman, and Cameron Crowe had all been possible candidates for director before Spielberg decided to direct. Filming took place from February to May 2002. The film was a financial and critical success. In 1963, teenager Frank Abagnale lives in New Rochelle, New York with his father Frank Abagnale, Sr., and French mother Paula. When Frank Sr. is denied a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255808", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nYou Can\"\" was released on December 25, 2002, earning slightly above $30 million in 3,225 theaters during its opening weekend. The film went on to gross $164.6 million in North America and $187.5 million in foreign countries, coming at a worldwide total of $352.1 million. The film was a financial success, recouping the $52 million budget six times over. \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" was the eleventh highest-grossing film of 2002. \"\"Minority Report\"\" (also directed by Spielberg) was tenth highest. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a certified fresh rating of 96%, based on 197 reviews, with an average rating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10839849", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nthey sold the rights to Columbia Pictures who in turn sold the rights to producer Hall Bartlett. Bartlett hired Steven Kunes to write the screenplay and then died before the project found a distributor. Bartlett's widow sold the rights to Hollywood Pictures, a division of Disney, and when the project went into turnaround, the rights were again sold to Tri-Star Pictures, more specifically Bungalow 78 Productions. From there the project was presented to Steven Spielberg at Dreamworks. Yet according to Daily Variety, Executive Producer Michel Shane purchased the film rights in 1990, for Paramount Pictures. By December 1997, Barry Kemp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12791611", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Us If You Can\"\nCatch Us If You Can \"\"Catch Us If You Can\"\" is a 1965 song from The Dave Clark Five (DC5), written by group's drummer Dave Clark and guitarist Lenny Davidson. The song was one of DC5's top hits, reaching number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in the late summer of 1965 and number 4 on the U.S. pop singles chart, later that fall. Starting with guitar and finger snapping accompaniment, the hook was instantaneous: As such, it served as the title song to John Boorman's well-regarded DC5 vehicle and pop scene film \"\"Catch Us If You Can\"\" (retitled \"\"Having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7908658", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nCatch Me If You Can Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeff Nathanson. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, with Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen, and Nathalie Baye in supporting roles. The film is based on the life of Frank Abagnale, who, before his 19th birthday, successfully performed cons worth millions of dollars by posing as a Pan American World Airways pilot, a Georgia doctor, and a Louisiana parish prosecutor. His primary crime was check fraud; he became so experienced that the FBI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634964", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (1989 film)\"\nof the hot-rods, classic cars and muscle cars featured in the race scenes were owned by central Minnesota residents. Sommers went on to achieve success directing the 1999 film \"\"The Mummy\"\" and its 2001 sequel \"\"The Mummy Returns\"\". The film's soundtrack was performed and recorded by Tangerine Dream. It is their 20th soundtrack album and 50th album overall. All tracks were composed by Edgar Froese and Paul Haslinger. Catch Me If You Can (1989 film) Catch Me If You Can is a 1989 American motion picture starring Matt Lattanzi, Loryn Locklin, Grant Heslov, Geoffrey Lewis and M. Emmet Walsh. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7731891", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Us If You Can (film)\"\nCatch Us If You Can (film) Catch Us If You Can (1965) (released with the title Having a Wild Weekend in the U.S.) was the feature-film debut of director John Boorman. It was designed as a vehicle for pop band The Dave Clark Five, whose popularity at the time almost rivaled that of The Beatles, and named after their hit song \"\"Catch Us If You Can\"\". During the filming of a TV commercial for a \"\"Meat For Go\"\" campaign set in London's Smithfield Market, stuntman Steve (Dave Clark), disillusioned by the inanity of his job, absconds in an E-type Jaguar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10839870", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nearned a Grammy Award nomination. Elements of the film were later parodied in \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"Catch 'Em If You Can\"\". \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" was released on DVD on May 6, 2003 and on Blu-ray on December 4, 2012. A musical adaptation of the same name premiered at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, Washington in July 2009, starring Aaron Tveit and Norbert Leo Butz. It began previews on Broadway at the Neil Simon Theatre on March 11, 2011 and officially opened April 10, 2011. The musical was nominated for four Tony Awards, including Best Musical. Catch Me", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13353648", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nCatch Me If You Can (musical) Catch Me If You Can is a musical with a libretto by Terrence McNally and a theatrical score by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman. It follows the story of a con artist named Frank Abagnale Jr. A majority of the plot is borrowed from the 2002 film of the same name, which in turn was based on the 1980 autobiography of the same name by Abagnale and Stan Redding. After a tryout musical performance in Seattle in 2009, \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" opened at Broadway's Neil Simon Theatre in April 2011. The production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7908667", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nworld's most elusive money forgers, and earns millions of dollars each year because of his work creating unforgeable checks. Brian Howe, Frank John Hughes and Chris Ellis portray FBI agents. Jennifer Garner cameos as a call girl. Ellen Pompeo, Elizabeth Banks, and Kaitlin Doubleday have supporting roles. The real Frank Abagnale appears in a cameo as a French police officer arresting his character. Frank Abagnale sold the film rights to his autobiography in 1980. According to Abagnale, producers Norman Lear and Bud Yorkin purchased the film rights after seeing him on the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. Two years later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7908672", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nthe film due to her busy schedule. The original start date was January 2002, but was pushed to February 7 in Los Angeles, California. Locations included Burbank, Downey, New York City, LA/Ontario International Airport (which doubled for Miami International Airport), Quebec City and Montreal. The film was shot in 147 locations in only 52 days. DiCaprio reflected, \"\"Scenes that we thought would take three days took an afternoon\"\". Filming ran from April 25–30 in Park Avenue, just outside the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Production moved to Orange, New Jersey and returned to Brooklyn for bank and courthouse scenes. Shooting also took place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13353650", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nJuly 25, 2009 at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, with Jack O'Brien as director and choreography by Jerry Mitchell. The 5th Avenue Theatre previously held the world premiere of the creative team's hit musical \"\"Hairspray\"\". The first few days of previews of the show were cancelled due to a tragedy in Norbert Leo Butz's family (Butz played Carl Hanratty). The musical premiered on July 28, 2009, and ended August 16, 2009. In addition to Butz, the cast included Aaron Tveit as Frank, Tom Wopat as Frank Sr., Kerry Butler as Brenda, Linda Hart as Carol, and Nick Wyman as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "883971", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (soundtrack)\"\nCatch Me If You Can (soundtrack) Catch Me If You Can: Music from the Motion Picture is the original soundtrack of the 2002 film of the same name, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hanks, Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen and Amy Adams. The original score was composed and conducted by John Williams. The film was the twentieth collaboration between Williams and director Steven Spielberg. The album was also produced by John Williams. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media. The first track of the soundtrack is featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16928212", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (book)\"\nCatch Me If You Can (book) Catch Me If You Can is the semi-autobiography of Frank Abagnale Jr., a former con artist who, as a young man, cashed $2.5 million worth of bad checks while impersonating a Pan Am pilot, a doctor, a teacher, and an attorney. The book is co-written by Stan Redding, and was adapted into a 2002 film of the same name by director Steven Spielberg, starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Abagnale and Tom Hanks as the FBI agent who pursued him. The book details the life of Frank Abagnale, who was one of the most famous con-artists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7731898", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Us If You Can (film)\"\nremainder of songs used in the film were from previous albums, including... Catch Us If You Can (film) Catch Us If You Can (1965) (released with the title Having a Wild Weekend in the U.S.) was the feature-film debut of director John Boorman. It was designed as a vehicle for pop band The Dave Clark Five, whose popularity at the time almost rivaled that of The Beatles, and named after their hit song \"\"Catch Us If You Can\"\". During the filming of a TV commercial for a \"\"Meat For Go\"\" campaign set in London's Smithfield Market, stuntman Steve (Dave Clark),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255807", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nthe kind of movie where somebody could say, 'I have a career plan. Game Show Network aired the 1977 episode of the television game show \"\"To Tell the Truth\"\" that featured Frank Abagnale. Segments were shown on December 29, 2002 and January 1, 2003 as promotion. The marketing department was careful to market the film as \"\"inspired by a true story\"\" in order to avoid controversy similar to that surrounding \"\"A Beautiful Mind\"\" (2001) and \"\"The Hurricane\"\" (1999), both of which deviated from history. The premiere took place at Westwood, Los Angeles, California on December 18, 2002. \"\"Catch Me If", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7908673", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nat the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Quebec City was chosen for its European character and French feel. Place Royale, within Old Quebec, stands for Montrichard—the church in the background of the arrest scene is Notre-Dame-des-Victoires. Filming ended on May 12 in Montreal. The film's soundtrack was released on December 10, 2002 by DreamWorks Records. The original score was composed and conducted by John Williams. Despite the various changes from real-life events, Abagnale believed Spielberg was the only filmmaker who \"\"could do this film justice\"\". However, Abagnale had little involvement with the film. In November 2001", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12354717", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)\"\nfrom the group in September 2014. Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song) \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" is a song recorded in two languages (Japanese and Korean) by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The Korean version was released by S.M. Entertainment and KT Music on April 10, 2015, while the Japanese version was released on April 22 by EMI and Universal Music Japan. The song was composed by Erik Lidbom and Jin Choi, with the Korean lyrics written by Mafly and Choe A-Leum, and the Japanese lyrics written by Junji Ishiwatari and Jeff Miyahara. Musically, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12354706", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)\"\nCatch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song) \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" is a song recorded in two languages (Japanese and Korean) by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The Korean version was released by S.M. Entertainment and KT Music on April 10, 2015, while the Japanese version was released on April 22 by EMI and Universal Music Japan. The song was composed by Erik Lidbom and Jin Choi, with the Korean lyrics written by Mafly and Choe A-Leum, and the Japanese lyrics written by Junji Ishiwatari and Jeff Miyahara. Musically, it was described by critics as an EDM", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255799", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nNew York\"\". Lasse Hallström was in negotiations to direct by May 2001, but dropped out in July 2001. At this stage Harris and Sevigny left the film, but Gandolfini was still attached. Spielberg, co-founder of DreamWorks, offered the job of director to Miloš Forman, and considered hiring Cameron Crowe. During this negotiation period, Spielberg began to consider directing the film himself, eventually dropping projects such as \"\"Big Fish\"\" and \"\"Memoirs of a Geisha\"\". Spielberg officially committed to directing in August 2001. The search for Strong's portrayer lasted months but Amy Adams was eventually cast. Spielberg \"\"loved\"\" her tape and producer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16928220", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (book)\"\nthe amount of money he wrote in bad checks, and the years in which his crimes took place. The 2002 film \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\", directed by award-winning director Steven Spielberg, stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Abagnale and Tom Hanks as Hanratty. The film is based upon his life and the autobiography and is mainly true to the source as Abagnale was a consultant to the writers, but some of the details were changed to create a more dramatic narrative for film. Abagnale's life has been adapted into a musical of the same name, which previewed on March 11, 2011,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "517692", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)\"\ntrack. The song marked the first release of Girls' Generation as an eight-member group following the dismissal of member Jessica Jung in September 2014. The single received generally favorable review from music critics, who not only praised its musical styles, but also compared the song to works by American musicians such as Zedd and Skrillex. Commercially, the single peaked at number 19 on the South Korean Gaon Digital Chart and number 8 on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart. Two music videos were created for the single, one for the Korean version and one for the Japanese version, which were released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6470289", "chunk_text": "\"Stacie Orrico\"\nIf You Can\"\" on April 2, 2012. \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" is composed and performed by Orrico and The Gabe Cummins Orchestra, which has a jazzy sound. A release date for a new album was never confirmed. Orrico posted a video on her YouTube account in 2013 to explain her hiatus and announce plans to return to the studio. Orrico revealed she had been studying women's literature and acting. She announced that she was working on an R&B album, slated to be released in 2014. She worked with several collaborators, including producers Allen Stone, Hal Linton, Gabe Cummins and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8463297", "chunk_text": "\"Michel Shane\"\nMichel Shane Michel Shane (born October 8, 1955) is a film producer and co-founder of Hand Picked Films. He is best known for receiving an executive producer credit on \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" and \"\"I, Robot\"\" along with his business partner Anthony Romano. Michel Shane was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the son of Sheldon Gerald Shane, an industrial psychologist and psycho-therapist, and Vivien Ray (Shane), a Belgian World War II refugee who moved to New York at the age of nine. He also has a younger brother, Reid Shane, who is also a producer. Michel Shane now lives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16928221", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (book)\"\nand opened on April 10 at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway. The show stars Aaron Tveit, Norbert Leo Butz, Tom Wopat and Kerry Butler. Butz won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011. Catch Me If You Can (book) Catch Me If You Can is the semi-autobiography of Frank Abagnale Jr., a former con artist who, as a young man, cashed $2.5 million worth of bad checks while impersonating a Pan Am pilot, a doctor, a teacher, and an attorney. The book is co-written by Stan Redding, and was adapted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8718419", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nto sing and dance his way out of trouble. It's a canny conceit, but one that only emphasizes the character's disingenuousness. There are other elegant and frisky flourishes, from William Ivey Long's eye-candy costumes to Jerry Mitchell's vampish choreography – both of which draw attention to the leggy, voluptuous figures in the female ensemble. Still, in failing to deliver a youthful protagonist you can really cheer for, this \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" may leave you feeling a bit cheated.\"\" An original Broadway cast recording was released digitally on May 23, 2011, by Ghostlight Records, prior to a June 28", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12667506", "chunk_text": "\"You Can't Catch Me\"\nYou Can't Catch Me \"\"You Can't Catch Me\"\" is a song written and recorded by Chuck Berry, released as a single in 1956. The song's lyrics describe racing a souped-up \"\"air-mobile\"\" down the New Jersey Turnpike, then unfolding its wings and taking off. At the time, the Aerocar designed and built by Molt Taylor was nearing Civil Aviation Authority approval for mass production as a flying car with detachable folding wings. Berry's song was featured in the 1956 film \"\"Rock, Rock, Rock\"\" and was one of the four songs from the film that was included on the \"\"soundtrack\"\" album (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3761779", "chunk_text": "\"Ask (song)\"\nthe UK Singles Chart during the week ending 2 November 1986. The song also charted in Ireland, where it peaked at number 9 on the Irish Singles Chart. In 1995, the single was re-released, and charted on the UK Singles Chart again, peaking at number 62. The single's sleeve cover depicts actress Yootha Joyce on the set of the 1965 film \"\"Catch Us If You Can\"\". The same photograph was used on the 1986 German-only single release of \"\"Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others\"\". There are two versions of this song. The version that appears on the single releases and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13353652", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nthe director and choreographer, respectively. The production closed September 4, 2011, after 32 previews and 170 regular performances. A United States national tour, presented by Troika Entertainment, began performances October 7, 2012, in Providence, Rhode Island. The tour was contracted through July 28, 2013. The production features Stephen Anthony as Frank Abagnale Jr. and Merritt David Janes as Agent Carl Hanratty. In the 1960s, Frank Abagnale Jr., a young con man, is cornered at the Miami International Airport by FBI Agent Carl Hanratty and his team. Hanratty asserts that there's no use in running, as his men are trained to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255798", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\npurchased the film rights from Shane, bringing the project to DreamWorks, with Jeff Nathanson writing the script. By April 2000, David Fincher was attached to direct over the course of a few months, but dropped out in favor of \"\"Panic Room\"\". In July 2000, Leonardo DiCaprio had entered discussions to star, with Gore Verbinski to direct. Steven Spielberg signed on as producer, and filming was set to begin in March 2001. Verbinski cast James Gandolfini as Carl Hanratty, Ed Harris as Frank Abagnale, Sr., and Chloë Sevigny as Brenda Strong. Verbinski dropped out because of DiCaprio's commitment on \"\"Gangs of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "883972", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (soundtrack)\"\nin \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"Catch 'Em If You Can\"\". \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" was covered by Argentine actress Valentina Zenere in Disney Channel from the Argentine TV series \"\"Soy Luna\"\". Catch Me If You Can (soundtrack) Catch Me If You Can: Music from the Motion Picture is the original soundtrack of the 2002 film of the same name, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hanks, Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen and Amy Adams. The original score was composed and conducted by John Williams. The film was the twentieth collaboration between Williams and director Steven Spielberg. The album was also produced by John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12667509", "chunk_text": "\"You Can't Catch Me\"\nBruce Springsteen referenced the lyric \"\"New Jersey turnpike in the wee, wee hours\"\" twice on his album \"\"Nebraska\"\". Citations Sources You Can't Catch Me \"\"You Can't Catch Me\"\" is a song written and recorded by Chuck Berry, released as a single in 1956. The song's lyrics describe racing a souped-up \"\"air-mobile\"\" down the New Jersey Turnpike, then unfolding its wings and taking off. At the time, the Aerocar designed and built by Molt Taylor was nearing Civil Aviation Authority approval for mass production as a flying car with detachable folding wings. Berry's song was featured in the 1956 film \"\"Rock,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13353651", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nRoger. The production received mostly positive reviews from critics. On March 11, 2011, the musical began preview performances on Broadway at the Neil Simon Theatre, with an official opening date on April 10, 2011. The show featured most of the Seattle cast, with Butz, Tveit, Wopat, and Butler appearing in leading roles. Other Seattle cast members included: Linda Hart, Nick Wyman, Rachel deBenedet, Brandon Wardell, Timothy McCuen Piggee, and Angie Schworer. The production had scenic design by David Rockwell, costume design by William Ivey Long, lighting design by Kenneth Posner, and musical direction by John McDaniel; O'Brien and Mitchell were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4462469", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (EP)\"\nCatch Me If You Can (EP) Catch Me If You Can is the debut extended play by Canadian country music artist Jess Moskaluke. It was released on September 4, 2012 via MDM Recordings and marks her first studio effort. It include the singles \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" and \"\"Hit N' Run\"\". Four of the songs, including the title track, were previously included on her Tyler Ward-distributed 2011 collection, \"\"Amen Hallelujah\"\". Jeff DeDekker of the \"\"Leader-Post\"\" gave the EP four stars out of five, writing that \"\"by using the full extent of her voice and also incorporating tenderness and fragility,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12354710", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (Girls' Generation song)\"\nwas released digitally worldwide by S.M. Entertainment on April 10, 2015. Due to its popularity on YouTube, the song also received airplay on SiriusXM Hits 1 radio during the week of April 20, 2015. Both versions of the single contain a B-side track titled \"\"Girls\"\". The music for \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" was composed by Erik Lidbom and Jin Choi. The Korean lyrics were written by Mafly and Choe A-Leum, while the Japanese lyrics were written by Junji Ishiwatari and Jeff Miyahara. Musically, the song was described as an electronic dance music (EDM) track. Jeff Benjamin, writing for Fuse,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11536272", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\n17 to 23 June 2015 at Akasaka ACT Theater in Tokyo and 29 June to 6 July 2015 at Umeda Arts Theater Theater Drama City in Osaka. The Australian premiere production as presented by Williamstown Musical Theatre Company opened in Melbourne on May 6 and ran for a limited season from May 6–21 at Williamstown Mechanics Institute. Catch Me If You Can (musical) Catch Me If You Can is a musical with a libretto by Terrence McNally and a theatrical score by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman. It follows the story of a con artist named Frank Abagnale Jr. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13353649", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nreceived four Tony Awards nominations, including one for Best Musical, winning Best Actor in a Musical for Norbert Leo Butz. The musical had a reading in 2005, directed by Jack O'Brien, with Nathan Lane, Tom Wopat, Brandon Wardell and Matthew Morrison. In private workshops held in July 2007, O'Brien was director, with Nathan Lane, Christian Borle, Angie Schworer, Tom Wopat and Brandon Wardell. Other actors involved in the readings included Aaron Tveit and Norbert Leo Butz, Celia Keenan-Bolger, Sara Gettelfinger, Katharine McPhee, Felicia Finley, Autumn Hurlbert, Lauren Ashley Zakrin and Annaleigh Ashford. The musical was originally scheduled to premiere on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634962", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (1989 film)\"\nsave the school. They take $3000 of the money that has already been raised to bet on an illegal car race that Dylan is convinced he will win. Dylan doesn't win the race, and in order to get their money back, he is forced to double down on an impossible race against the clock that only the town legend has ever accomplished. The film ends with a spectacular stunt as car and driver jump through the goalposts during a football game between two local high schools, Apollo and Cathedral. The film was shot on location throughout St. Cloud, Minnesota (where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12791614", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Us If You Can\"\na hit song on British radio during part of the time the Moors murders were being committed. The song was also used in a Walkers advert in 1995 around May (when the song was thirty years old) for their now discontinued (but new at the time) crinkle-cut range (featuring three flavours: Cream Cheese & Chive, Cheese & Ham and Roast Beef & Mustard); the song seemed appropriate as it was saying \"\"catch us crinkle cut crisps if you can\"\". (The off-screen voice-over, as for all Walkers crisps commercials then, was Hugh Laurie.) The song was also featured in the opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9858086", "chunk_text": "\"Saul Bass\"\nmodern opening title sequences that introduce the mood or theme of a film can be seen as a legacy of the Basses' innovative work. In particular, title sequences for some recent movies and television series, especially those whose setting is during the 1960s, have purposely emulated the graphic style of Saul Bass's animated sequences from the 1950s. Some examples of title sequences that pay homage to Bass's graphics and animated title sequences are \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" (2002), \"\"\"\" (2011), and the opening to the AMC series \"\"Mad Men\"\". Bass was responsible for some of the best-remembered, most iconic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13355205", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can (musical)\"\nand curiously structured. When Abagnale is arrested by the feds in the opening scene, he takes the opportunity to tell his own story from the beginning in the style of a '60s TV show. Why a TV show and not a Broadway play? I have no idea. Perhaps composer Marc Shaiman is just accustomed to the idiom since '60s TV factored so largely in his Tony-winning hit Hairspray. Shaiman has also conceived the music as a pastiche of early '60s musical styles, all of them curiously pre-rock. Unfortunately, this makes the score seem even more old-fashioned than some of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255806", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nlives with their daughter in Chicago. \"\"Some of my films have had to do with broken homes and people on the run from their sad pasts\"\", Spielberg stated. \"\"But there are those strands that got me to say: you know, there's something also about me that I can say through the telling of this kind of lighthearted story\"\". Spielberg also wanted to create a film that sympathized with a crook. He explained, \"\"Frank was a 21st century genius working within the innocence of the mid '60s, when people were more trusting than they are now. I don't think this is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16427314", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Abagnale\"\nprison before starting to work for the federal government. He is currently a consultant and lecturer for the FBI academy and field offices. He also runs Abagnale & Associates, a financial fraud consultancy company. Abagnale's life story inspired the Academy Award-nominated feature film \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" (2002), starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Abagnale and Tom Hanks as the FBI agent pursuing him, as well as a Broadway musical of that name and a TV series \"\"White Collar\"\", which are based on his autobiography of the same name. Frank William Abagnale Jr. was born on April 27, 1948. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13383981", "chunk_text": "\"Steven Spielberg\"\nyear 2054 who has been foreseen to murder a man he has not yet met. The film received strong reviews with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 92% approval rating, reporting that 206 out of the 225 reviews they tallied were positive. The film earned over $358 million worldwide. Roger Ebert, who named it the best film of 2002, praised its breathtaking vision of the future as well as for the way Spielberg blended CGI with live-action. Spielberg's 2002 film \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" is about the daring adventures of a youthful con artist (played by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255805", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nJoseph Shea, the real name of the actual FBI agent who tracked and later worked with Abagnale, but the name was changed to Carl Hanratty for unknown reasons. Abagnale has since stated that the name was changed because Shea did not want his name to be used in the film, with Hanks choosing the name of a football player, Carl Hanratty. \"\"Catch Me if You Can\"\" deals with themes of broken homes and troubled childhoods. Spielberg's parents divorced when he was a teenager, similar to Frank Abagnale's situation. In the film, Carl Hanratty is also divorced from his wife, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15373571", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Sommers\"\nan actor in theater groups and managing rock bands throughout Europe. He eventually returned to the United States and moved to Los Angeles, where he attended the USC School of Cinematic Arts for three years, earning a master's degree and writing and directing the award-winning short film \"\"Perfect Alibi\"\". \"\"Perfect Alibi\"\" helped Sommers acquire independent funding to write and direct his first feature film, the teen racing film \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\", filmed for $800,000 on location in his hometown of St. Cloud. The film was sold at the Cannes Film Festival for $7 million and later debuted on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10839869", "chunk_text": "\"Catch Me If You Can\"\nfew who gave the film a negative review. Travers considered \"\"Catch Me if You Can\"\" to be \"\"bogged down over 140 minutes. A film that took off like a hare on speed ends like a winded tortoise.\"\" At the 75th Academy Awards, Christopher Walken and John Williams were nominated for Best Supporting Actor and Best Original Score. Walken won the same category at the 56th British Academy Film Awards, while Williams, costume designer Mary Zophres and screenwriter Jeff Nathanson received nominations. DiCaprio was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama. Williams also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7440478", "chunk_text": "\"Alexander Jacobs\"\nAlexander Jacobs Alexander Jacobs (1927–26 October 1979) was a screenwriter best known for his work in the action field. His writing style for \"\"Point Blank\"\" was very influential on Walter Hill. Jacobs was born in London. He entered the British film industry in the 1940s, working in publicity and distribution. He wrote and directed for British TV and helped found the Free Cinema Group which was instrumental in the careers of such filmmakers as Tony Richardson, Lindsay Anderson and Karel Reisz. In the 1960s he was assistant to producer David Deutsch on the film \"\"Catch Us If You Can\"\" (1965)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_137	when did toyota first come to the united states?	n/a	[ "1957" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15541829", "chunk_text": "\"History of Toyota\"\ndevelopment facility, a presence in Thailand was established, the 10 millionth model was produced, a Deming Prize, and partnerships with Hino Motors and Daihatsu were also established. The first Toyota built outside Japan was in April 1963, in Melbourne, Australia. From 1963 until 1965, Australia was Toyota's biggest export market. By the end of the decade, Toyota had established a worldwide presence, as the company had exported its one-millionth unit. The first Japanese vehicles to arrive in North America were five Land Cruisers in El Salvador in May 1953. The first Toyotas sent to Europe were two Toyopet Tiaras sent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5445612", "chunk_text": "\"History of Toyota\"\nfirst Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935. Production of the Model AA passenger car started in 1936. Early vehicles bear a striking resemblance to the Dodge Power Wagon and Chevrolet, with some parts actually interchanging with their American originals. Although the Toyota Group is best known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms, which are now computerized, and electric sewing machines which are available, worldwide. Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent and separate company in 1937. Although the founding family's name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2180151", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Crown\"\ncommon to American automakers: a coast-to-coast endurance run from Los Angeles to New York. The Toyopet was barely able to limp into Las Vegas before the project had to be called off. Toyota's first export to the United States began with 30 Crown Deluxe's in June 1958 after establishing Toyota Motor Sales USA the previous October, the first directly managed retail dealer (Hollywood Toyota) the previous February, U.S. wholesale and import companies, and a parts warehouse in Long Beach. Toyota also signs up 45 dealers to sell cars in its initial year, growing to 70 dealers by 1960 and 90", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471129", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nto the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets. The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s. By the early 1960s, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The so-called \"\"chicken tax\"\" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks. In response to the tariff, Toyota,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15541832", "chunk_text": "\"History of Toyota\"\nlawsuit involving unintended acceleration in some of its vehicles. History of Toyota The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China. In 1934, the division produced its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14734214", "chunk_text": "\"History of Toyota\"\nHistory of Toyota The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China. In 1934, the division produced its first Type A Engine, which was used in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5445616", "chunk_text": "\"History of Toyota\"\nhis focus on investment in equipment. One example was the construction of the Motomachi Plant in 1959, which gave Toyota a decisive lead over Nissan during the 1960s. In 1950, a separate sales company, Toyota Motor Sales Co., was established (which lasted until July 1982). In April 1956, the Toyopet dealer chain was established. In 1957, the Crown became the first Japanese car to be exported to the United States and Toyota's American and Brazilian divisions, \"\"Toyota Motor Sales Inc.\"\" and \"\"Toyota do Brasil S.A.\"\", were also established. Toyota began to expand in the 1960s with a new research and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471126", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nautomobile development. The production of Toyota automobiles was started in 1933 as a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Its first vehicles were the A1 passenger car and the G1 truck in 1935. The Toyota Motor Company was established as an independent company in 1937 Vehicles were originally sold under the name \"\"Toyoda\"\" (トヨダ), from the family name of the company's founder, Kiichirō Toyoda. In April 1936, Toyoda's first passenger car, the Model AA, was completed. The sales price was 3,350 yen, 400 yen cheaper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10487035", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Motor Sales, USA\"\nTMS. The company maintains its headquarters in Torrance, California in Greater Los Angeles. The campus has six buildings, with a total of of office space. In 2012 a 1.1 megawatt hydrogen fuel cell generator was installed at the campus, giving half of the power for the six buildings during the peak demand period. The generator does not generate emissions. By using the generator, as of 2012 the company saves $130,000 in utility bill charges. As of 2014 the headquarters has 5,300 employees. On October 31, 1957, Toyota opened its first United States office in a former Rambler/Ford dealership, at 6000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471130", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nNissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s. Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to making small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an entry-level product, and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality to keep the price low. Conservative Toyota held on to rear-wheel-drive designs for longer than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471132", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nyears. It is currently the site of Tesla, Inc.'s assembly plant. Toyota then started to establish new brands at the end of the 1980s, with the launch of their luxury division Lexus in 1989. In the 1990s, Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup, including a full-sized pickup, the T100 (and later the Tundra), several lines of SUVs, a sport version of the Camry, known as the Camry Solara. They would also launch newer iterations of their sports cars, namely the MR2, Celica, and Supra during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471131", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nmost; while a clear first in overall production they were only third in production of front-wheel-drive cars in 1983, behind Nissan and Honda. In part due to this, Nissan's Sunny managed to squeeze by the Corolla in numbers built that year. In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. Two years later, Toyota entered into a joint venture with General Motors called the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, NUMMI, operating an automobile-manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17703062", "chunk_text": "\"Gulf States Toyota Distributors\"\nAccording to Shelby, \"\"I turned it down because I went to Lee Iacocca, and he told me not to take it because the domestic makers were going to push the Japanese back into the ocean.\"\" Shelby told his racing buddy, Tom Friedkin, about Toyota's intentions to sell distributor licenses. Friedkin flew to Japan and convinced Toyota that he had the necessary knowledge and resources. Gulf States Toyota brought the first Toyota vehicle to Houston, Texas in 1969, when all Toyota vehicles were manufactured in Japan and imported into the US. Three years later, the company employed 35 associates and had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14048646", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Camry\"\nyear. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, the first wholly owned Toyota plant in the US, began producing the Camry in May 1988. The country of manufacture can be found by looking at the first character of the VIN; a Camry manufactured in Japan has a VIN starting with \"\"J\"\", a model made in the US starts with \"\"4\"\" and a model made in Australia starts with \"\"6\"\". Three trim levels of the V20 Camry were made: the unbadged base model, the DX, and the LE. In 1991, anti-lock brakes became optional on the V6, LE, and station wagon models. The four-wheel-drive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471180", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nreleased in the U.S. in November 2016. Unlike the first generation model, it is available in all 50 states.Sales in Japan started on February 15, 2017. The first generation Toyota RAV4 EV was leased in the United States from 1997 to 2003, and at the lessees' request, many units were sold after the vehicle was discontinued. A total of 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California to meet the state’s CARB mandate for zero-emissions vehicles. As of mid-2012, there were almost 500 units still in use. In May 2010, Toyota launched a collaboration with Tesla Motors to create electric vehicles.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471156", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nAs described by external observers of Toyota, the principles of the Toyota Way are: Toyota has grown from its origins in Japan during the 1930s to become a large multinational corporation. It displaced GM and became the world's largest automobile maker for the year 2008. It held the title of the most profitable automobile maker ( in 2006) along with increasing sales in, among other countries, the United States. The world headquarters of Toyota are located in its home country in Toyota City, Japan. Its subsidiary, Toyota Financial Services sells financing and participates in other lines of business. Toyota brands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "609342", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Crown\"\nToyota Crown The is an automobile which has been produced by Toyota in Japan since 1955. It is currently a line of mid/full-size luxury sedans primarily aimed at the Japanese market and sold in other select Asian markets. Introduced in 1955, it has served as the mainstream sedan from Toyota in the Japanese market throughout its existence and holds the distinction of being the longest-running passenger-car nameplate affixed to any Toyota model, along with being the first Toyota vehicle to be exported to the United States in 1958. Its traditional competitors in Japan and Asia have been the Nissan Cedric/Gloria/Fuga", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471120", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nearlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu. It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several \"\"nonautomotive\"\" companies. TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18139444", "chunk_text": "\"Passenger vehicles in the United States\"\nalso markets electric powertrain components, including lithium-ion battery packs, to other automakers, including Daimler and Toyota. Toyota's first foray into automobile manufacturing in the United States was NUMMI, a joint venture with General Motors based on the latter's production facility in California, which started in 1984 and has been manufacturing Toyota models and their versions branded as Geo, Chevrolet and Pontiac until GM withdrew in August 2009 and Toyota shut the doors in March 2010. Toyota went on to establish a number of wholly owned plants in states such as Kentucky, Indiana, California, Texas, West Virginia and Alabama. More than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10585230", "chunk_text": "\"UMW Toyota Motor (Malaysia)\"\nMalaysia since 2006. Toyota vehicles were first imported into Malaysia in August 1956, with the first unit being a Land Cruiser. Toyota signed distributor agreements with various Malaysian partners prior to UMW Toyota Motor, namely Asia Motor (1956–1960), Kah Motor (September 1960–February 1974), Borneo Motors (September 1967–September 1982), Sarin Motor (January 1979–February 1983) and Emastorin Motor (September 1979–April 1984). Additionally, two Malaysian plants were appointed as assemblers of Toyota's complete knock down (CKD) kits, namely Champion Motor / Assembly Services and Sarawak Motor Industries. Prior to 1968, Malaysian market Toyota models were only imported as complete built up (CBU) units.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15541830", "chunk_text": "\"History of Toyota\"\nto Finland for evaluation in June 1962, but no sales followed. The first European importer was Erla Auto Import A/S of Denmark, who brought in 190 Crowns following a May 1963 agreement to become the distributor for Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The Netherlands followed in May 1964, and after having established toeholds in countries with little or no indigenous automobile production other markets followed in 1966. In 1968 Toyota established its first European CKD assembler, Salvador Caetano I.M.V.T. of Portugal. With high fuel prices and a weak US economy in mid-2008, Toyota reported a double-digit decline in sales for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652642", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Camry\"\n1983), VL Super Extra (January 1985), VF-II (April 1985 and April 1986), and VL Grand Extra (December 1985 and April 1986). Wing mirrors became door-mounted as opposed to fender-mounted in May 1983. Facelifted models arrived in June 1984 featuring a new grille, redesigned bumpers, revised tail-lamps, updated dashboard, enlarged glovebox, and general trim alterations. The shift to smaller cars amid the oil crises doubled Japanese automobile market share from 10 to 20 percent in the United States between 1970 and 1980; thus, causing economic tensions between the two nations. Toyota then began investigating the option of building a US production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471165", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nKentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others. Toyota marketing, sales, and distribution in the US are conducted through a separate subsidiary, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. It has started producing larger trucks, such as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652643", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Camry\"\nfacility, following the announcements in January and April 1980 by Honda and Nissan, respectively, to manufacture automobiles locally. As investigations proceeded, Toyota proposed entering a joint venture with Ford in May 1980 to produce a compact car. Toyota advocated that its Camry be manufactured at a Ford factory and sold through the sales channels of both brands, but Ford deemed Camry to be in competition with a model it was developing, which became the Ford Tempo, leading to an impasse and then the cessation of negotiations in July 1981. Increasing Japan–United States unease culminated with the Japanese government, at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2642588", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nToyota and Lexus vehicles with Takata airbags that had previously been replaced by the company. The recall affects specific Toyota Corollas, Sequoias, Tundras and Lexus vehicles made between 2002-2005. This recall was announced one year ahead of the initially scheduled recall in December of 2019. In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to \"\"Toyota\"\" from the family name \"\"Toyoda\"\". The new name was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2642590", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nits debut on the 1989 Toyota Celsior and quickly gained worldwide recognition. The three ovals in the new logo combine to form the letter \"\"T\"\", which stands for Toyota. The overlapping of the two perpendicular ovals inside the larger oval represents the mutually beneficial relationship and trust between the customer and the company while the larger oval surrounding both of these inner ovals represents the \"\"global expansion of Toyota's technology and unlimited potential for the future\"\". The new logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and most of the vehicles themselves in 1990. In predominantly Chinese-speaking countries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12652644", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Camry\"\nurging of its US counterpart, imposing a voluntary cartel in May 1981 with a threshold for the export of motor vehicles to the US. Toyota would eventually pursue circumvention; firstly by entering into venture by forming NUMMI with General Motors in 1984 to manufacture the Toyota Corolla, and then by setting up its own facility at Georgetown, Kentucky in 1988 for the next generation Camry. Sales of the V10 Camry in the US began in March 1983 after exports commenced in January, and by 1985 it had sold 128,000 units. Unlike other markets, federalized quad headlamps were fitted for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471167", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nand had produced a total 3,451,155 vehicles. At its peak in October 2007, Toyota manufactured 15,000 cars a month. Before Toyota, Ford and GM's Holden had announced similar moves, all citing an unfavorable currency and attendant high manufacturing costs. Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe, and the first to commercially mass-produce and sell such vehicles, with the introduction of the Toyota Prius in 1997. The company eventually began providing this option on its main passenger cars such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471128", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nto voiceless consonants, which are \"\"clear\"\"). Since \"\"toyoda\"\" literally means \"\"fertile rice paddies\"\", changing the name also prevented the company from being associated with old-fashioned farming. The newly formed word was trademarked and the company was registered in August 1937 as the Toyota Motor Company. From September 1947, Toyota's small-sized vehicles were sold under the name \"\"Toyopet\"\" (トヨペット). The first vehicle sold under this name was the Toyopet SA, but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck, Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word \"\"Toyopet\"\" was a nickname given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8538739", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota, Aichi\"\nits major employer, the city of changed its name to Toyota on January 1, 1959. Toyota became a sister city with Detroit, Michigan, United States in 1960. It continued to expand by annexing the towns of Kamigo (Hekikai District) on March 1, 1964, and Takaoka (Hekikai District) on September 1, 1965, and Sanage (Nishikamo District) on April 1, 1967, as well as the village of Matsudaira (Higashikamo District) on April 1, 1970. In 1979 the Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) opened the Toyota New Line (now Toyota Line), and in 1988: The Aichi Loop Line was opened, thus considerably improving access to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15972451", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Hilux\"\nline with competitors of the time. In 1991, North American production began at the NUMMI plant in Fremont, California (the VIN on these trucks starts with '4T'), however some trucks sold in the United States during the 1991–1995 model years were still manufactured in Japan (VIN starts with 'JT'). The Hilux received a minor facelift in 1991 (for the 1992 model year), which was a minor grille change and the new Toyota emblem that had been recently adopted. It was during this generation that Toyota discontinued the Hilux in the United States, replacing it with the new Tacoma for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5628629", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky\"\non 28 June 2017. TMMK is also the first US facility to use Toyota's new TNGA (Toyota New Global Architecture) technology which underpins the 2018 Camry. TMMK began production in May 1988, building the 1989 model 4-cylinder Camry. In the beginning, the engines were shipped from the Toyota Kamigo plant in Toyota City, Japan; however, an on-site engine plant was added in 1990. It presently builds the Avalon sedan, Camry sedan, and Lexus ES sedan. It previously produced the Sienna minivan, Venza crossover, and Camry Solara coupe and convertible. The factory also produces 4-cylinder and V6 engines and powertrain parts.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369432", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Tundra\"\nToyota Tundra The Toyota Tundra is a pickup truck manufactured in the United States by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since May 1999. The Tundra was the first North American full-size pickup to be built by a Japanese manufacturer. The Tundra was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award and was \"\"Motor Trend\"\" magazine's Truck of the Year in 2000 and 2008. Initially built in a new Toyota plant in Princeton, Indiana, production was consolidated in 2008 to Toyota's San Antonio, Texas, factory and is the only full-size pickup truck manufactured in Texas. The first generation Tundra had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17716514", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Corolla (E120)\"\n2017 after a 13-year run. In 1998, Toyota Masao Saito's E120 design proposal was chosen and frozen for production in early 1999, with patents filed on 22 July 1999 at the Japan Patent Office under patent number 1120997. The North American model was designed to be bigger than the Japanese Corolla, and was based on the Corolla Altis distributed in Southeast Asia. It came to the United States in March 2002 for the 2003 model year, following its unveiling at the 2002 North American International Auto Show in January. Trim levels offered are CE, LE, and S, continuing from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471124", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nToyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo exchanges under company code . In addition, Toyota is foreign-listed on the New York Stock Exchange under and on the London Stock Exchange under . Toyota has been publicly traded in Japan since 1949 and internationally since 1999. As reported on its consolidated financial statements, Toyota has 606 consolidated subsidiaries and 199 affiliates. Toyota, which earlier was the world's third largest automotive manufacturer behind American General Motors and Ford, produced for the first time in history more vehicles than Ford in 2005, and in 2006 even more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8538738", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota, Aichi\"\nthe demand for raw silk declined in Japan and abroad, Koromo entered a period of gradual decline after 1930. The decline encouraged Kiichiro Toyoda, cousin of Eiji Toyoda, to look for alternatives to the family's automatic loom manufacturing business. The search led to the founding of what became the Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota built the first manufacturing facility, known as Toyota Honsha plant in November 1938, breaking ground in December 1935. On March 1, 1951, Koromo gained city status, and absorbed the village of Takahashi from Nishikamo District on September 30, 1956. Due to the fame and economic importance of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471181", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nToyota agreed to purchase of Tesla common stock subsequent to the closing of Tesla's planned initial public offering. Toyota, with the assistance of Tesla, built 35 converted RAV4s (Phase Zero vehicles) for a demonstration and evaluation program that ran through 2011. The lithium metal-oxide battery and other power train components were supplied by Tesla Motors. Four years later, Toyota, along with Daimler, began to unwind its position in Tesla. Toyota and Daimler made more than $1 bln from the investment. The Toyota RAV4 EV Concept was released in September 2012. The RAV4 EV was assembled at Toyota's facility in Woodstock,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471119", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nToyota Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe. Toyota is also a market leader in hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017. Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide . The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10487033", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Motor Sales, USA\"\nToyota Motor Sales, USA Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. (TMS, also known as Toyota USA) is the North American Toyota sales, marketing, and distribution subsidiary devoted to the United States market. Founded in 1957 in California, TMS currently employs more than 6,500 people. As of Spring 2017 Toyota moved to a new campus in Plano, TX. Construction of this new facility began in the fall of 2014, and is located at the corner of Texas State Highway 121 and Legacy Drive, across the street from the FedEx Office Headquarters, and the J. C. Penney World Headquarters. The former location of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2642592", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nestablished in 1946 is called \"\"Toyota Store\"\" (トヨタ店 \"\"Toyota Mise\"\") and offers large luxury sedans such as the Toyota Century and the Toyota Crown. In 1955, the \"\"Toyopet Store\"\" (トヨペット店 \"\"Toyopetto-ten\"\") arrived, originally established to sell the Toyota Corona and the Toyopet ToyoAce truck, and currently features mid-range models. ( in Japanese.) The \"\"Toyota Publica Store\"\" (トヨタパブリカ店 \"\"Toyota Paburika-ten\"\") was established in 1961 to sell the Toyota Publica. In 1966 it was renamed the \"\"Toyota Corolla Store\"\" (トヨタカローラ店 \"\"Toyota Karōra-ten\"\") to sell the Toyota Corolla. The dealership chain focuses on budget models. The \"\"Toyota Auto Store\"\" (トヨタオート店 \"\"Toyota Ōto-ten\"\") sales", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471133", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nthis era. With a major presence in Europe, due to the success of Toyota Team Europe, the corporation decided to set up Toyota Motor Europe Marketing and Engineering, TMME, to help market vehicles in the continent. Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, TMUK, as the company's cars had become very popular among British drivers. Bases in Indiana, Virginia, and Tianjin were also set up. In 1999, the company decided to list itself on the New York and London Stock Exchanges. In 2001, Toyota's Toyo Trust and Banking merged with two other banks to form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2180152", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Crown\"\nby 1962. In the effort to obtain certification from the California Highway Patrol for the sale of the Crown in California, Toyota shipped the cars without headlights and installed General Electric sourced sealed beam units upon arrival which met the required standard for brightness. Since the car was designed for the muddy, slow, unpaved Japanese roads, it failed the mass urban landscape of the US because of its inability to keep up with traffic on the faster interstate highways, along with stability, noise and vibration concerns. The car was also very rigid and heavy for its size at 2700 pounds.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2642580", "chunk_text": "Toyota\ncompanies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France. A youth-oriented marque for North America, Scion, was introduced in 2003. Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005 but slid to 55th for 2011. The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008. In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full-sized truck, the Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana. \"\"Motor Trend\"\" named the Tundra \"\"Truck of the Year\"\", and the 2007 Toyota Camry \"\"Car", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471125", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nGeneral Motors and has been the world's largest automotive manufacturer since then, except in 2011 when, triggered by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, it fell to the #3 position behind General Motors and German Volkswagen Group. In 1924, Sakichi Toyoda invented the Toyoda Model G Automatic Loom. The principle of \"\"jidoka\"\", which means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs, became later a part of the Toyota Production System. Looms were built on a small production line. In 1929, the patent for the automatic loom was sold to the British company Platt Brothers, generating the starting capital for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9497362", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas\"\nwas selected as the location for the new assembly plant. Toyota broke ground at the new plant site on 17 October 2003. During construction, the project evolved from a simple assembly plant into an automotive production site including several on-site suppliers which shipped directly to the factory. In addition, Toyota announced that production capacity, originally planned for 150,000 units per year, would be expanded to 200,000 units. This increase brought Toyota's investment in the plant to $1.2 billion. Following four years of construction, the first new Tundra pickups rolled off the line in November 2006 during a grand-opening celebration which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52842", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Tacoma\"\nToyota Tacoma The Toyota Tacoma is a pickup truck manufactured in the U.S. by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota since 1995. The first generation Tacoma, model years 1995½ through 2004, was classified as a compact pickup. The second generation was classified as mid-size. The Tacoma was \"\"Motor Trend Magazine's\"\" Truck of the Year for 2005. As of 2015, the Toyota Tacoma is sold in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Panama, Bolivia, Bermuda, Chile, and the French territory of New Caledonia. The Tacoma was introduced in the US in February 1995 (March 1995 market launch) as a replacement for the Hilux, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2642605", "chunk_text": "Toyota\nthe full-size half-ton market in the US. The all-new Tundra was assembled in San Antonio, Texas, US. Toyota assembled around 150,000 Standard and Double Cabs, and only 70,000 Crew Max's in 2007. The smaller Tacoma (which traces its roots back to the original Hilux) was also produced at the company's San Antonio facility. Outside the United States, Toyota produced the Hilux in Standard and Double Cab, gasoline and diesel engine, and 2WD and 4WD versions. The BBC's \"\"Top Gear\"\" TV show featured two episodes of a Hilux that was deemed \"\"virtually indestructible\"\". As of 2009, the company sold nine luxury-branded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14048613", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Camry\"\nToyota Camry The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ \"\"Toyota Kamuri\"\") is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), later Camry models have grown to fit the mid-size classification (wide-body)—although the two sizes co-existed in the 1990s. Since the release of the wide-bodied versions, Camry has been extolled by Toyota as the firm's second \"\"world car\"\" after the Corolla. In Japan, Camry is exclusive to \"\"Toyota Corolla Store\"\" retail dealerships. Narrow-body cars also spawned a rebadged sibling in Japan, the Toyota Vista (トヨタ・ビスタ)—also introduced in 1982 and sold at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7064228", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Publica\"\nafter the January 1972 facelift. The situation in the Japanese market changed, as demand developed rapidly, partially fuelled by the post-WWII \"\"baby boomers\"\" coming of age and gaining their driver's licenses. Having the Corolla firmly established as the family car offering, Toyota did not market the Publica as the \"\"popular car\"\" anymore, but rather as an entry-level vehicle for first-time young buyers. Many of the commercial iterations of the Publica were built by Hino Motors at their Hamura plant, beginning in 1970. Daihatsu also built Publicas, starting in September 1969. In 1969, the Publica dealerships were renamed \"\"Toyota Corolla\"\" dealerships.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18451997", "chunk_text": "\"Toyota Camry (XV10)\"\nand the final design frozen in late 1988. Introduced to North America on 9 September 1991, the XV10 Camry was sold alongside the V30 in Japan, badged as the Toyota Scepter. Toyota chose the name \"\"Scepter\"\" as a reference to the Camry/Crown naming tradition, as a \"\"scepter\"\" is a symbolic ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch, a prominent item of royal regalia. The smaller V30 Camry varied in other areas besides the size. Although the underpinnings, doors and fenders, and overall basic design cues were common between the two cars, the smaller Camry sported harder, more angular front- and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_138	what is the official symbol of the carnival of quebec?	n/a	[ "Bonhomme Carnaval" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14383727", "chunk_text": "\"Quebec Winter Carnival\"\nQuebec Winter Carnival The Quebec Winter Carnival (), commonly known in both English and French as Carnaval, is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City. After being held intermittently since 1894, the \"\"Carnaval de Québec\"\" has been celebrated annually since 1955. That year \"\"Bonhomme Carnaval\"\", the mascot of the festival, made his first appearance. Up to one million people attended the \"\"Carnaval de Québec\"\" in 2006 making it, at the time, the largest winter festival in the world (since overtaken by the Harbin Festival). The most famous attractions of this winter festival are the night-time and daytime parades led by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1992379", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nQuébec\"\" confers the status of national emblem () to the flag of Québec. The \"\"Fleurdelisé\"\" takes its white cross from the ancient royal flags of France. Its white fleurs-de-lis (symbols of purity) and blue field (symbolizing Heaven) come from a banner honouring the Virgin Mary. One such was reputedly carried by French Canadian militia at General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm's victory at Carillon. The flag is blazoned \"\"Azure, a cross between four fleurs-de-lis argent\"\". Its horizontal symmetry allows both sides of the flag to show the same image. The flag's official ratio is 2:3 (width to length), but the flag is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14383728", "chunk_text": "\"Quebec Winter Carnival\"\nmascot Bonhomme Carnaval. The parades wind through the upper city, decorated for the occasion with lights and ice sculptures. Numerous public and private parties, shows and balls are held across the city, some of them outside in the bitter cold, testimony to the Québécois' fabled joie de vivre. Other major events include: Outdoor dance parties are held at the Ice Palaces. Also not part of the official program but worth a visit or a stay, the Quebec City Ice Hotel is open every year from early January to late March with its bar, nightclub, exhibition galleries and ceremonial chapel. Quebec", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "118032", "chunk_text": "Quebec\nCanadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below \"\"Je me souviens\"\". Je me souviens (\"\"I remember\"\") was first carved under the coat of arms of Quebec's Parliament Building façade in 1883. It is an official part of the coat of arms and has been the official licence plate motto since 1978, replacing \"\"\"\"La belle province\"\"\"\" (the beautiful province). The expression \"\"La belle province\"\" is still used mostly in tourism as a nickname for the province. The fleur-de-lis, the ancient symbol of the French monarchy, first arrived on the shores of the Gaspésie in 1534 with Jacques Cartier on his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19199760", "chunk_text": "\"Ceinture fléchée\"\nthe time. It is adorned by an arrowed pattern and was worn around the winter coats of the time. It is also a symbol of the Lower Canada Rebellion and the Quebec Winter Carnival, as it is worn by the festival mascot, Bonhomme Carnaval. Imitations are sold and seen throughout the carnival. The belt is represented in a number of artistic creations, such as the illustration \"\"Le Vieux de '37\"\" by Henri Julien, the painting \"\"L'Assemblée des six-comtés\"\" by Charles Alexander Smith and the song \"\"Mon Pays, suivi du Reel des Aristocrates\"\" from néo-trad musical band Les Cowboys Fringants. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13324440", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec City\"\nFlag of Quebec City The flag of Quebec City was officially adopted January 12, 1987. The flag depicts a golden yellow ship on a deep blue field surrounded by a crenelated white border representing its unique city walls. The border also signifies the fortified city its founder came from, Brouage in Saintonge, France. The ship is Samuel de Champlain's ship, the \"\"Don de Dieu\"\", a reminder of the city's founder. The outward sails symbolizes the bravery and strength of the population. The ship also signifies the city as being a major seaport in North America. The heraldic colours used have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12122802", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec City\"\nthe following meaning: Flag of Quebec City The flag of Quebec City was officially adopted January 12, 1987. The flag depicts a golden yellow ship on a deep blue field surrounded by a crenelated white border representing its unique city walls. The border also signifies the fortified city its founder came from, Brouage in Saintonge, France. The ship is Samuel de Champlain's ship, the \"\"Don de Dieu\"\", a reminder of the city's founder. The outward sails symbolizes the bravery and strength of the population. The ship also signifies the city as being a major seaport in North America. The heraldic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208293", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nFlag of Quebec The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé (the Lily-flowered) represents the province of Quebec. It was adopted by the government of Quebec during the administration of Maurice Duplessis. It was the first provincial flag officially adopted in Canada, first shown on January 21, 1948, at the Parliament Building of the National Assembly in Quebec City. Quebec's Flag Day (January 21) commemorates its adoption each year, though for some time it was celebrated in May. At least one parade marked the flag's 60th anniversary in January 2008. Article 2 of \"\"An Act respecting the flag and emblems of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4598328", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Quebec\"\nfleurs-de-lis on the golden field with the royal arms of France Modern in chief. Quebec is the only Canadian province to have adopted arms by its own authority. The federal government is inconsistent in the use of the two variants: it often uses the 1939 variant, but in some cases, such as on the Centennial Flame on Parliament Hill and the badge of the Royal 22 Régiment, it uses the 1868 variant. Coat of arms of Quebec The coat of arms of Quebec () was adopted by order-in-council of the Government of Quebec on 9 December 1939, replacing the arms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208302", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nprovincial or territorial flag, and the third-best of the flags of all U.S. and Canadian provinces, territories, and states. The flag of Quebec was the basis for the jerseys of the Quebec Nordiques, which included the same colour blue, the fleurs-de-lis, and white stripes. Flag of Quebec The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé (the Lily-flowered) represents the province of Quebec. It was adopted by the government of Quebec during the administration of Maurice Duplessis. It was the first provincial flag officially adopted in Canada, first shown on January 21, 1948, at the Parliament Building of the National Assembly in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14960798", "chunk_text": "\"Great Seal of Quebec\"\nGreat Seal of Quebec The Great Seal of Quebec is a seal used to authenticate documents issued by the government of Quebec that are released in the name of the Queen in Right of Quebec, including the appointment of the Executive Council and Minister (the Cabinet) as well as justices of the peace and judges of provincial courts. The seal is a blue with a large Fleur-de-lis in the centre surrounded by a ring of smaller fleur-de-lis. The words \"\"Grand Sceau du Quebec\"\" are found with the seal. It, in 1979, replaced an earlier version. The old Great Seal had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6282770", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Montreal\"\nthe Canadian Red Ensign. They are: Montreal's flag is based on its coat of arms. The original coat of arms was designed in 1833 by the first mayor of Montreal, Jacques Viger. It was similar to the current version with the difference that the red cross was a saltire and a beaver stood in the place of what is now a fleur-de-lys. The arms were revised in 1938. Four years prior to the first raising of the revised flag, King George V, the sovereign of Canada, celebrated his Silver Jubilee (25th year on the throne) on Monday May 6, 1935.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4098796", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Montreal\"\none alluding to a specific historical device used by a state or nation. The fleur de lys was long used by the French Royal Houses, such as the House of Bourbon, in their coat of arms and was found upon the national flag of the French during the time Montreal was founded, and was also used as a mark of honour or favour by the King of France. The first European settlers in possession of the Island of Montreal hailed from France, and thus are represented by this symbol. The Red Rose of Lancaster was used as a symbol of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4988816", "chunk_text": "\"Bon Soo Winter Carnival\"\nMontreal Carnivale. The carnivale is named after its mascot Bon Soo, created by Ken MacDougall. Bon Soo Winter Carnival The Bon Soo Winter Carnival is an annual winter carnival in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. The carnival, held every February, began in , and has grown to become one of Ontario's top 50 festivals as well as Canada's second largest winter carnival next to the Montreal Carnivale in Quebec. The festival features a diverse program of outdoor and indoor sports and activity events, as well as cultural activities including concerts, ice sculptures, and a polar bear swim. The Bon Soo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3153743", "chunk_text": "Quebec\nfirst voyage. When Samuel de Champlain founded Québec City in 1608, his ship hoisted the merchant flag of a white cross on a blue background. By 1758 at the Battle of Carillon, the Flag of Carillon would become the basis of Quebec's desire to have its own flag. By 1903, the parent of today's flag had taken shape, known as the \"\"\"\"Fleurdelisé\"\"\"\". The flag in its present form with its 4 white \"\"fleur-de-lis\"\" lilies on a blue background with a white cross replaced the Union Jack on Quebec's Parliament Building on January 21, 1948. In 1998 the Montreal Insectarium sponsored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958191", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian royal symbols\"\nthe symbol of New France after the colony was in 1663 reformed as a royal province of France. The contemporary royal standard of the Canadian sovereign is a heraldic banner that bears the shield of the monarch's Canadian arms defaced with the personal device of Queen Elizabeth II—a crowned \"\"E\"\" in a circle of roses—and is used by the Queen whenever in Canada or acting on behalf of the country abroad, the flag being flown from any building or vehicle occupied by the monarch. This flag was created in 1961 to replace the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208298", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nAnother version, with the Sacred Heart in the centre, also appeared, but was left behind in the push for a new provincial flag after World War II. The \"\"Carillon\"\" flags were used informally. On May 26, 1868, Queen Victoria approved Quebec's first coat of arms. A flag might have been devised by using the arms to deface a blue ensign (a Union Flag in the canton, and the Quebec coat of arms in the fly). However, it appears to have never been used — various sources including the official Quebec government site mention that it was the Union Flag that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3153741", "chunk_text": "Quebec\nWorld Championships in 1967, track cycling in 1974, and the Transat Québec-Saint-Malo race created for the first time in 1984. Québec athletes have performed well at the Winter Olympics over recent years. They won 12 of Canada's 29 medals at the most recent Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang (2018); they won 12 of the 27 Canadian medals in Sochi (2014); and 9 of the 26 Canadian medals in Vancouver (2010). In 1939, the government of Quebec unilaterally ratified its coat of arms to reflect Quebec's political history: French rule (gold lily on blue background), British rule (lion on red background) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "913055", "chunk_text": "Quebec\na poll to choose an official insect. The white admiral butterfly (\"\"Limenitis arthemis\"\") won with 32% of the 230 660 votes against the spotted lady beetle (\"\"Coleomegilla maculata lengi\"\"), the ebony jewelwing damselfly (\"\"Calopteryx maculata\"\"), a species of bumble bee (\"\"Bombus impatiens\"\") and the six-spotted tiger beetle (\"\"Cicindela sexguttata sexguttata\"\"). In 1977, the Quebec Parliament declared June 24 to be Quebec's National Holiday. Historically June 24 was a holiday honouring French Canada's patron saint, St. John the Baptist, which is why it is commonly known as \"\"La Saint-Jean-Baptiste\"\" (often shortened to \"\"La St-Jean\"\"). On this day, the song \"\"Gens du", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208301", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nrepositioned upright to their modern configuration in correspondence with the rules of heraldry) was not available until February 2. The flag was adopted by Royal Proclamation, and the news was presented to the Legislative Assembly more or less as a \"\"fait accompli\"\". Opposition leader Adélard Godbout expressed his approval, as did René Chaloult. A law governing the usage of the flag was later officially adopted by the Quebec Parliament on March 9, 1950. A more recent version of such a law was adopted in 2002. A 2001 survey by the North American Vexillological Association ranked the Fleurdelisé as the best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989405", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Acadia\"\nFlag of Acadia The flag of Acadia was adopted on August 15, 1884, at the Second Acadian National Convention held in Miscouche, Prince Edward Island, by nearly 5,000 Acadian delegates from across the Maritimes. It was designed by Father Marcel-Francois Richard, a priest from Saint-Louis-de-Kent, New Brunswick. The Musée Acadien at the Université de Moncton has the original flag presented by Father Richard to the 1884 Convention. It was sewn by Marie Babineau. According to Perry Biddiscombe: The Tricolour represents the Motherland of the Acadians. The yellow star, the Stella Maris, is the symbol of Mary, Acadian national symbol and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2737335", "chunk_text": "\"Sainte-Thècle, Quebec\"\n\"\"Le Nouvelliste\"\" (published in Trois-Rivières, QC). On January 17, 1973, René Veillette summarized the original interpretation in a column on the history of Sainte-Thècle, in the journal \"\"Le Dynamique\"\" (published in Saint-Tite, QC). This interpretation has been actualized by the historian Gaétan Veillette in 2012. The golden triangle in the upper part of the shield symbolizes the saints and heroes of the history, whose example inspired morality and customs. Widely used in heraldic domain, the golden color means brightness, righteousness, faith, strength and constancy. At the center of the first trifecta, the heart means kindness and dedication, recalling the life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "118021", "chunk_text": "Quebec\n\"\"Québec Place\"\" in Paris and the statue \"\"Québec Libre!\"\" (free Quebec!) by Armand Vaillancourt in San Francisco. The Montreal School of Fine Arts forms the painters, printmakers and sculptors of Quebec. Various buildings reflect the architectural heritage that characterizes Quebec, such as religious buildings, city halls, houses of large estates, and other locations throughout the province. Several circus troupes were created in recent decades, the most important being without any doubt the Cirque du Soleil. Among these troops are contemporary, travelling and on-horseback circuses, such as Les 7 Doigts de la Main, Cirque Éloize, Cavalia, \"\"Kosmogonia\"\", \"\"Saka\"\" and Cirque \"\"Akya\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11441713", "chunk_text": "\"Québec official soccer team\"\nclose proximity both teams had to the lake. Two days before the match was set to be played, it was cancelled, once again, because of the QSF prohibiting the team from playing non-federated matches. Since 2013, the Italian sportswear company Mass Sport has been the kit provider for Québec. In 2014 they changed supplier to the local brand Savi. The kit is blue and white with a Fleur-de-lis on the chest, representing the traditional colours and design of the flag of Québec. (A) = full Non-FIFA \"\"A\"\" International Match This squad was selected for the 2013 International Peoples, Cultures, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958172", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian royal symbols\"\n20th century. The Royal Cypher is also regarded as a personal logo of the monarch, generally consisting of at least his or her initials. In Canada, the cypher has come to be indicative of the country's full sovereignty. Coins were one of the first objects to bear the image of the reigning sovereign in what is today Canada. After 1640, French colonists employed the \"\"Louis d'or\"\" (\"\"Gold Louis\"\", which first bore the effigy of King Louis XIII and then all subsequent French monarchs) until the transfer of New France to the British in 1763. After, British sovereigns and coppers were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3968343", "chunk_text": "\"Maple leaf\"\nof Sammatti, Finland. Maple leaf The maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is the most widely recognized national symbol of Canada. By the early 1700s, the maple leaf had been adopted as an emblem by the French Canadians along the Saint Lawrence River. Its popularity with French Canadians continued and was reinforced when, at the inaugural meeting of the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste in 1834, the maple leaf was one of numerous emblems proposed to represent the society. Speaking in its favour, Jacques Viger, the first mayor of Montreal, described the maple as \"\"the king of our", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17390137", "chunk_text": "\"Franco-Ontarian flag\"\nflag. Following the controversial cutbacks to French-language services announced by the government of Doug Ford in 2018, governments in Quebec began to fly the Franco-Ontarian flag as a gesture of solidarity. The flag was hoisted at Montreal City Hall on November 23, and at the National Assembly of Quebec on December 1. Franco-Ontarian flag The Franco-Ontarian flag consists of two bands of green and white. The left portion has a solid light green background with a white fleur-de-lys in the middle, while the right portion has a solid white background with a stylized green trillium in the middle. The green", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208299", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nflew over the Parliament Building until January 21, 1948, not the blue ensign. In addition, in 1938, at the opening of a mining school in Val-d'Or, the flag used to represent the Quebec government was a banner of arms. This was done at the behest of public servant Burroughs Pelletier, who had been told that the Ministry wanted a symbol but were unsure as to what should be used. In 1947, an independent member of the Legislative Assembly, René Chaloult, demanded a new provincial flag to displace the unpopular (amongst some segment of the population of Quebec) Canadian Red Ensign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8259383", "chunk_text": "\"Maple leaf\"\nMaple leaf The maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is the most widely recognized national symbol of Canada. By the early 1700s, the maple leaf had been adopted as an emblem by the French Canadians along the Saint Lawrence River. Its popularity with French Canadians continued and was reinforced when, at the inaugural meeting of the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste in 1834, the maple leaf was one of numerous emblems proposed to represent the society. Speaking in its favour, Jacques Viger, the first mayor of Montreal, described the maple as \"\"the king of our forest; ... the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1137496", "chunk_text": "\"National Order of Quebec\"\nwho was inspired by the heraldic elements of the provincial flag, notably the colours of blue and white used on the order's ribbon and the \"\"fleur-de-lis\"\". The badge of a Grand Officer consists of two 18kt gold plates, in the shape of a cross formed by two by arms, symmetrically superimposed atop one another 4 mm apart, the obverse face a high-polish, rusticated surface; at the lower left corner is a white enamel \"\"fleur-de-lis\"\". On the reverse of the badge is inscribed the order's motto—\"\"Honneur au peuple du Québec\"\" (homage to the people of Quebec)—and a serial number at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "913031", "chunk_text": "Quebec\nmany dances, such as the jig, the quadrille, the reel and line dancing, which developed in the festivities since the early days of colonization. Various instruments are more popular in Quebec's culture: harmonica (music-of-mouth or lip-destruction), fiddle, spoons, jaw harp and accordion. The \"\"podorythmie\"\" is a characteristic of traditional Quebec music and means giving the rhythm with the feet. Quebec traditional music is currently provided by various contemporary groups seen mostly during Christmas and New Year's Eve celebrations, Quebec National Holiday and many local festivals. Being a modern cosmopolitan society, today, all types of music can be found in Quebec.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18859038", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Quebec\"\nCoat of arms of Quebec The coat of arms of Quebec () was adopted by order-in-council of the Government of Quebec on 9 December 1939, replacing the arms assigned by royal warrant of Queen Victoria on 26 May 1868. The shield is divided into three horizontal fields: The shield is surmounted by the Tudor Crown and accompanied by a silver scroll bearing the province's motto, (). The blazon is: Arms were first granted to the province in 1868 by Queen Victoria. They were blazoned as follows: However, in 1939, the Quebec government adopted arms by order-in-council, replacing the two blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870009", "chunk_text": "\"Magique (mascot)\"\nMagique (mascot) Magique (Magic) is the Olympic mascot of the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville and is a little imp in the shape of a star and a cube. It is created by Philippe Mairesse and was presented in 1989. His star shape symbolizes dreams and imagination. His colors come from the French flag, with a red hat and a blue costume. Magique was the first mascot that was not an animal since the 1976 Winter Olympics. Several studies, financed by the Organising Committee (OCOG), were conducted to find a name for the mascot, but in the end none was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15581677", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Duality Flag\"\nCanadian Duality Flag The Canadian Duality Flag (; also called the Canadian Unity Flag) is an unofficial flag that was originally circulated to demonstrate the unity of Canada during the lead-up to the 1995 Quebec referendum, at rallies for the \"\"no\"\" side. The Duality Flag design was chosen to represent explicitly the Francophone and Anglophone populations on the national flag by adding blue stripes to the red sections, roughly in proportion to the number of Canadians who are primarily French-speaking. The blue was chosen as it is the main colour that is used on the flag of Quebec. Modified versions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8851916", "chunk_text": "\"Parti Québécois\"\nreported that the base of the party, shows a growing coziness between far-right groups like La Meute and Storm Alliance on the one hand, and members and supporters of the Parti Québécois on the other — from grassroots activists to aspiring candidates to officials on the executive council. The party's distinctive logo was designed in 1968 by painter and poet Roland Giguère. It consists of a stylised letter Q, represented by a blue circle broken by a red arrow. The creator meant it as an allegory of the Parti Québécois breaking the circle of colonialism which he claimed Canada was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1992380", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nvery often seen as a 1:2 variant to match the flag of Canada in size when flying together. The Act concerning the flag and emblems of Quebec states that \"\"in all cases, the flag of Quebec has precedence over any other flag or emblem.\"\" However, under federal protocol, the Canadian flag takes precedence when both are flown. The official shade of blue is Pantone 293. In 8-bit RGB, it is # 003399. Unofficial variants using a lighter blue are common. The desire of French Canadians in Quebec for a distinctive flag was longstanding. Other flags that had been used included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6850669", "chunk_text": "Carnival\nNorthern Hemisphere. It is a staged battle between Lašininis (\"\"porky\"\") personifying winter and Kanapinis (\"\"hempen man\"\") personifying spring. Devils, witches, goats, the grim reaper, and other joyful and frightening characters appear in costumes during the celebrations. Eating pancakes is an important part of the celebration. In Luxembourg, the pre-Lenten holiday season is known as \"\"Fuesend\"\". Throughout the Grand-Duchy, parades and parties are held. Pétange is the home of the Grand-Duchy's largest pre-Lenten Karneval celebration. Annually hosting a cavalcade with roughly 1,200 participants and thousand of celebrants, the official name is Karneval Gemeng Péiteng or \"\"Kagepe\"\" (the initials in Luxembourgish are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17262706", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Quebec\"\nthese standards. Vehicle registration plates of Quebec The Canadian province of Quebec first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1906. Registrants provided their own licence plates for display until 1908, when the province began to issue plates. Plates are currently issued by the Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec (Quebec Automobile Insurance Corporation). From 1963 to 1977 (except 1967), licence plates carried the slogan \"\"La Belle Province\"\" (\"\"The Beautiful Province\"\"), a nickname for Quebec. Since 1978, they have carried \"\"Je me souviens\"\" (\"\"I remember\"\"), the official motto of the province. Since 1979, Quebec legislation has required only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20812689", "chunk_text": "\"Vehicle registration plates of Quebec\"\nVehicle registration plates of Quebec The Canadian province of Quebec first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1906. Registrants provided their own licence plates for display until 1908, when the province began to issue plates. Plates are currently issued by the Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec (Quebec Automobile Insurance Corporation). From 1963 to 1977 (except 1967), licence plates carried the slogan \"\"La Belle Province\"\" (\"\"The Beautiful Province\"\"), a nickname for Quebec. Since 1978, they have carried \"\"Je me souviens\"\" (\"\"I remember\"\"), the official motto of the province. Since 1979, Quebec legislation has required only rear plates,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16208300", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nand to replace the neglected Quebec blue ensign. Various ideas were discussed between Chaloult, Lionel Groulx, and Maurice Duplessis. One such idea involved incorporating a red maple leaf (later to be adopted for the flag of Canada). Burroughs Pelletier was also asked to present a few proposals to Duplessis, none of which were adopted. He was however consulted about what became the present design. On January 21, 1948, the new flag was adopted and was flown over the Parliament Building that very afternoon. Apparently, it was the \"\"Carillon\"\" flag that flew that day, because the modern Fleurdelisé (with the fleurs-de-lis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5101512", "chunk_text": "\"National symbols of Canada\"\nNational symbols of Canada National symbols of Canada are the symbols that are used in Canada and abroad to represent the country and its people. Prominently, the use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates back to the early 18th century, and is depicted on its current and previous flags, the penny, and on the coat of arms (or royal arms). The Crown symbolizes the Canadian monarchy, and appears on the coat of arms (used by parliamentarians and government ministries), the flag of the Governor General, the coats of arms of many provinces and territories; the badges of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10603250", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Montreal\"\ncoat of arms was as follows: \"\"Argent, a saltire gules between in chief a rose of the last leaved and slipped, in base a beaver to the dexter with a branch, and in fess a thistle leaved and slipped and a sprig of shamrock proper\"\". The motto on the scroll below the shield is \"\"Concordia Salus\"\", a Latin phrase translated as \"\"salvation through harmony\"\" or in French as \"\"\"\"le salut par la concorde\"\"\"\". In 1938, the city council requested that the arms be updated to better reflect Montreal's population. The changes replaced the saltire with a cross, which is reminiscent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4626162", "chunk_text": "\"Patriote flag\"\nwas inspired by the French tricolour, symbol of the French Revolution that inspired the Patriotes. It became the national flag of the Republic of Lower Canada at the Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada in 1838. Currently, it is used by contemporary Quebec independence supporters as a symbol of their movement and ideal. It is often seen in crowds at Quebec National Day concerts and gatherings and was featured at the voting day assembly of YES supporters of the 1995 Quebec referendum on independence. Alternative contemporary versions include some with a yellow star on the upper left and/or with Henri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10603081", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Montreal\"\nof the founding of the city. The symbol was chosen by the First Nations communities of Montreal, those being Haudenosaunee and Algonquin although there are large Inuit, Métis and Anishinaabeg populations. Flag of Montreal The flag of Montreal was first displayed in May 1935 and is based on the city's coat of arms. It was revised in May 1939 and again in 13 September 2017. The flag's proportions are 1:2 in a symmetric cross. The red heraldic cross represents the \"\"Christian motives and principles which governed the founders of the city,\"\" according to the city's official web site. The five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1992381", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Quebec\"\nthe \"\"Parti Patriote\"\" flag, a horizontal green, white, and red tricolour, which became the flag of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society; as well as the French tricolour. The direct predecessor of the modern Fleurdelisé was created by Elphège Filiatrault, a parish priest in Saint-Jude, Quebec. Called the \"\"Carillon\"\", it resembled the modern flag except that the fleurs-de-lis were at the corners pointing inward. It was based on an earlier flag with no cross and with the figure of the Virgin Mary in the centre. The \"\"Carillon\"\" flag was first raised on September 26, 1902, and is preserved in the Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec archives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7955224", "chunk_text": "Franco-Ontarian\na solid white background with a stylized green trillium in the middle. The green represents the summer months, while the white represents the winter months. The trillium is the floral symbol of Ontario, while the fleur-de-lys represents the French-Canadian heritage of the Franco-Ontarian community. The green color on the flag is Pantone 349. The flag was created in 1975 by Gaétan Gervais, history professor and Michel Dupuis, first year political science student, both from Laurentian University. It was officially recognized by the Ontario PC government as the emblem of the Franco-Ontarian community in the Franco-Ontarian Emblem Act of 2001. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17807717", "chunk_text": "\"Quebec Charter of Values\"\nreligious pendants would be prohibited. Elected politicians would be exempt and temporary opt-out provisions have been proposed for universities and hospitals. Furthermore, certain items and customs with an ostensibly religious nature, such as the large crucifix on display in the Quebec National Assembly, and observing Christmas are exempt on the rationale of them reflecting the province's cultural heritage. This has led to the widespread belief that this measure is motivated by an act of ethnocentric hypocrisy. The charter was popular in the beginning, but constant attacks reduced the support occasionally to 50% of the population. In Quebec itself, the provincial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13185924", "chunk_text": "\"L'Assemblée des six-comtés (painting)\"\nsymbol of the French Canadians of the time (they have now been discarded by their modern-day Québécois and Quebec nationalist successors because of their appropriation by the Canadian federation). In the same section is the Coat of arms of Quebec, leaning upon the wooden stage structure (one anachronistic detail, as this version, contemporary to the painting's execution, is the first arms of Quebec post-Confederation, granted in 1868). The crowd, mesmerized and invigorated at the same time by Papineau's much celebrated oratory skills, holds many signs reading nationalist and independence slogans. Many in attendance wear the tuques and ceintures fléchées belts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10603251", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Montreal\"\nof both the St. George's Cross often associated with England, and also with Christian missionary missions that could represent the principles of the French Catholics that founded the city. The beaver had become a general symbol of Montreal and its industriousness by this time period, and no longer merely represented the original French settlers, thus it was moved to ensign the shield. In place of the beaver on the shield, a blue fleur de lys was added to symbolize the descendants of the original French settlers. The rose, thistle and clover remained. The shield was surrounded by a wreath of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8188276", "chunk_text": "\"Maclean's\"\nAlone\"\", is a worthy contribution to an important debate on geopolitical and demographic issues, and that plaintiff's demands for equal space for a rebuttal was unreasonable and untenable. The October 4, 2010, edition of the magazine web-published September 24, 2010 had a cover article with the headline: \"\"Quebec: The Most Corrupt Province,\"\" with the subheading inside the magazine, \"\"Why does Quebec claim so many of the nation's political scandals?\"\" The cover illustration featured the Quebec Winter Carnival mascot, Bonhomme, carrying a suitcase overflowing with cash. This depiction angered some Quebec politicians and organizers of the Carnival. On September 26, 2010,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_139	when is dancing on ice on the tv?	n/a	[ "2019" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190361", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nDancing on Ice Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011, and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014. The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skating in front of a panel of judges. The series, broadcast on ITV, started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the show's contract was not renewed by ITV. On 4 September 2017, it was announced that a revived series would air on ITV from 7 January 2018 with Schofield and Willoughby returning as hosts alongside a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966786", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nnew backstage host, Jordan Banjo. It was confirmed on 25 January 2018, that \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" had been recommissioned for an eleventh series to air in 2019. The series was announced in November 2004 and originally titled \"\"Stars on Thin Ice\"\", the show was renamed following the failure of ITV's celebrity oriented 2005 summer schedule. \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" is frequently compared to the BBC's \"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\". In 2004, the BBC aired a \"\"Strictly\"\" special entitled \"\"Strictly Ice Dancing at Christmas\"\", which was won by England goalkeeper David Seaman (who was a contestant in series 1 of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\").", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1649163", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 10)\"\ntaken from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 10) Series Ten of Dancing on Ice began airing on ITV on 7 January 2018. It was the first series since 2014 and featured a new set and ice rink, a new judging line up, and a new logo. After the tenth series, the returned from March to April 2018, starring celebrities from the series. For this series, the show relocated from its previous home at Elstree Studios to a new, purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon in Hertfordshire. Creative directors and mentors Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill became head judges and alternated the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1649159", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 10)\"\nDancing on Ice (series 10) Series Ten of Dancing on Ice began airing on ITV on 7 January 2018. It was the first series since 2014 and featured a new set and ice rink, a new judging line up, and a new logo. After the tenth series, the returned from March to April 2018, starring celebrities from the series. For this series, the show relocated from its previous home at Elstree Studios to a new, purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon in Hertfordshire. Creative directors and mentors Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill became head judges and alternated the role on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190384", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nseries in 2019. The presenters and judges are yet to be confirmed by ITV. The participating celebrities began being confirmed on 1 October 2018. All information in this table comes from BARB. including figures from ITV+1 and ITV HD channels Like many other reality TV shows, \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" has had a number of supplementary shows. The first was \"\"Dancing on Ice Defrosted\"\". It was presented by Stephen Mulhern and aired on ITV2 immediately after the main ITV show and again after the results show. The show featured opinions from celebrity guests and past contestants as well as from Torvill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190371", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nweek after the end of each season, with all celebrities talking about their experiences during the season, and answering questions from a live studio audience. Torvil and Dean themselves then made a special in-studio appearance towards the end, thanking the contestants, hosts and judges, and of course, the home viewers for their votes. Ten series have been broadcast, as summarised below. With the eleventh series to start in January 2019. From Series 1 to 8, there was an element that the skaters were required to perform as part of their routines. These required elements included: As of Series 9, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19287535", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nreturning in new roles of head judges. It was also revealed that Jason Gardiner would be returning to the Ice Panel, along with Diversity member Ashley Banjo. With the announcement of the new series it was confirmed that the show would have a new set, new graphics, a new logo and a new theme tune, including the contestants and professionals faces for the first time. The show's new logo was released on the official Twitter account. The series will be filmed at RAF Bovingdon. It was announced on 25 January 2018 that \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" would return for an eleventh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17477682", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 11)\"\nDancing on Ice (series 11) The upcoming eleventh series of Dancing on Ice is due to begin airing on 6 January 2019 on ITV. On 11 March 2018, during the finale of the tenth series, it was announced that the show had been recommissioned for another series. The series will once again be filmed in the purpose-built studio at Bovingdon Airfield, which was set up for the tenth series when the show was revived in 2018. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby are set to return as the hosts. while the judges from last year's show, Christopher Dean, Jayne Torvill, Jason", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17186304", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 11)\"\nmaking their debuts. Dancing on Ice (series 11) The upcoming eleventh series of Dancing on Ice is due to begin airing on 6 January 2019 on ITV. On 11 March 2018, during the finale of the tenth series, it was announced that the show had been recommissioned for another series. The series will once again be filmed in the purpose-built studio at Bovingdon Airfield, which was set up for the tenth series when the show was revived in 2018. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby are set to return as the hosts. while the judges from last year's show, Christopher Dean,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966817", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nthe insight to the training of the celebrities over the last week. It was presented by television presenter Ben Shephard and former contestant and \"\"Loose Women\"\" star Coleen Nolan. The show was broadcast from 8 pm to 8.30 pm on Friday evenings on ITV throughout the duration of the main shows season. STV who broadcast the main show did not broadcast this on the Friday evening but after repeating the previous week's main show on the following Saturday afternoon. Due to poor ratings, \"\"Dancing on Ice Friday\"\" was axed prior to the 2011 series. The show was based in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190393", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nWilloughby or Christine Bleakley stood to speak to them and the couples. The ice rink measured 30 × 15m. For the 2018 revival series the show was relocated to a purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon. Dancing on Ice Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011, and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014. The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skating in front of a panel of judges. The series, broadcast on ITV, started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190382", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nCarty. Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returned to co-present; Christopher Dean, Jayne Torvill and Karen Barber returned to mentor the celebrities; Robin Cousins, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Ashley Roberts returned for their respective ninth, eighth, seventh and second series on \"\"The Ice Panel\"\". Cousins was absent for weeks 6 and 7 due to commentating the 2014 Winter Olympics, so former judge Nicky Slater returned in his place and Barber was temporary head judge. On 4 September 2017, it was announced on \"\"This Morning\"\" that \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" would return with Willoughby and Schofield as presenters, and Torvill and Dean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190366", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nthird series, the show aired on a Sunday night and featured updated music and new titles as well as redesigned graphics. The series 3 finale was a massive draw, pulling an average 11.7 million viewers (up from 9.6 million the previous year) peaking at 12.6 million viewers over the two-hour slot, up over a million from series 2. The seventh series began on 8 January 2012, with Torvill and Dean as coaches for which they will be paid £250,000 each series. Christine Bleakley was announced as the new co-presenter of the show replacing Holly Willoughby, whilst Katarina Witt and Louie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966792", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nits ninth series in 2014, leading to speculation that the whole show would be axed. On 24 June 2013 it was rumoured that \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" may continue after they have left with new coaches, however, on 22 October 2013 it was confirmed that the show would end after its ninth series in 2014. On 4 September 2017, ITV confirmed that the show would return in 2018. Torvill and Dean will return to the show as head judges along with Schofield and Willoughby as presenters. On 19 October 2017, Ashley Banjo was confirmed as a judge. Later that month, Gardiner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9806279", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice: The Tour\"\nNewcastle, MEN Arena in Manchester and National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, with a record number of tickets being sold. The 2011 tour ran from Saturday 9 April to Monday 2 May. Sam & Brianne won the 2011 tour with the most wins. \"\"Dancing On Ice's\"\" tenth series begins on 7 January 2018. Shortly after the end of the series, the tour starts a week or so later. The tour venues for the 2018 UK tour are: London's Wembley Arena, Sheffield's FlyDSA Arena, Newcastle's Metro Radio Arena, the Manchester Arena, the SSE Hydro in Glasgow, the Motorpoint Arena in Nottingham, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966813", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nof three male celebrities. The judges were the usual line-up of Robin Cousins, Ruthie Henshall, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Nicky Slater. Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield presented the 90-minute programme. Team Torvill scored 80 points to Team Dean's 79.5 and won the show by also receiving the majority of the audience votes. Suzanne Shaw received the perfect score of 30 for the third time in a row. In her last two appearances on the show she has picked up the trophy. A 30-minute prime time spin-off to \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" premiered on 26 January 2008 and ran for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9806280", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice: The Tour\"\nthe Birmingham Arena. Dancing on Ice: The Tour Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice: The Live Tour is a nationwide tour in the United Kingdom. It began in 2007 following the success of the two series of smash-hit television series \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\". It was confirmed on 24 November 2017 that the tour would return in March 2018. During the second series of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" on ITV it was announced that the show would be taken on a UK arena tour. The tour would be presented by former contestant and \"\"Dancing on Ice Exclusive\"\" host Andi Peters and would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4094543", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice around the world\"\nDancing on Ice around the world Dancing on Ice is a British made dance competition television series franchise produced around the world. The format, devised by London Weekend Television and Granada Television for ITV, has been a prime-time hit in eight different countries, including Britain and subsequently in Italy and Chile. In Australia, where it was titled \"\"Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice\"\", it was axed after just one series owing to production costs. There have been a total of 43 winners of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" around the world. In Argentina, the show was broadcast on Channel 13 as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19287526", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\non Saturday 17 March 2007. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returned to co-present, while Nicky Slater, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins returned to \"\"The Ice Panel\"\". Karen Kresge did not return as a judge for a second series and was replaced by five-time European champion Natalia Bestemianova. The contestants for the second series were: The commissioning of the third series of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" was first confirmed by Phillip Schofield at the BAFTA awards. The third series began on 13 January 2008, moving to Sunday nights in the process and ended on 16 March 2008, when Suzanne Shaw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190376", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\non \"\"The Ice Panel\"\" and was replaced by singer Emma Bunton. In addition to the main show, there was also a new spin-off show called \"\"Dancing on Ice Friday\"\" which gives viewers the insight to the training of the celebrities. It was presented by Ben Shephard and former contestant Coleen Nolan and broadcast from 8 pm to 8.30 pm on Friday evenings on ITV. Cousins did not appear as a judge for weeks 6 and 7 due to commentary commitments for the Winter Olympics, so Barber was temporary head judge during Cousins's absence. Michael Ball took his place on 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4094549", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice around the world\"\nstarted on March 7, 2008 on TVP2 Third Polish edition started on October 3, 2008 on TVP2. The Russian version of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" (Танцы на льду) is being aired on Rossiya TV channel since September 2006, and was renamed in 2008 to \"\"Star Ice\"\" (). Its counterpart called \"\"Ice Age\"\" (, initially \"\"Stars on Ice\"\" - Звёзды на льду) is being broadcast on Channel One. The Slovak version of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" (Hviezdy na ľade) is aired since September 2006 on TV JOJ. The Turkish version of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" is called \"\"Buzda Dans\"\" (\"\"Dance on Ice\"\") started on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9806273", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice: The Tour\"\nDancing on Ice: The Tour Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice: The Live Tour is a nationwide tour in the United Kingdom. It began in 2007 following the success of the two series of smash-hit television series \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\". It was confirmed on 24 November 2017 that the tour would return in March 2018. During the second series of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" on ITV it was announced that the show would be taken on a UK arena tour. The tour would be presented by former contestant and \"\"Dancing on Ice Exclusive\"\" host Andi Peters and would feature contestants from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966793", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nconfirmed that he would return to the judging panel. Ashley's brother, Jordan Banjo, acts as the show's backstage digital host. ITV Racing's betting presenter Matt Chapman was announced as the new commentator on 16 December 2017. However, following the first live show on 7 January, Chapman claimed that he had \"\"quit\"\" the show but it was later confirmed to be a decision by the ITV producers, responding to pressure from the TV audience. Sport commentator Sam Matterface was later confirmed as Chapman's replacement. Each week the celebrities and their partners perform a live ice dance routine. The four/five (as of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12390906", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 9)\"\n7 due to him commentating the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia and was replaced by original judge Nicky Slater, while Barber acted as head judge. The competition was won by Ray Quinn with professional partner Maria Filippov. On 4 September 2017, it was announced on \"\"This Morning\"\" that \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" would return after four years. The official all-star line-up was revealed on 11 December 2013, while the professional partners were revealed on 17 December 2013. This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 40-point scale (the duel skate from week 5 and the doubled scored from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8295912", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 6)\"\nDancing on Ice (series 6) The sixth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 9 January to 27 March 2011 on ITV. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returned as hosts whilst Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean returned to mentor the celebrities. As part of a major revamp, the show moved from Elstree Studios to Shepperton Studios, and unveiled a new set. It was the also the first series to be broadcast in HD. Karen Barber, Jason Gardiner, Robin Cousins and Emma Bunton returned, though Barber moved from the \"\"Ice Panel\"\" to the role of head coach. Nicky Slater did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190380", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nsince series 3 in 2008. Christopher Dean, Jayne Torvill and Karen Barber returned to mentor the celebrities, with Barber returning to \"\"The Ice Panel\"\" after two series away. Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returned to co-present. Head judge Robin Cousins and Barber were joined on \"\"The Ice Panel\"\" by former judge Jason Gardiner and former The Pussycat Dolls singer Ashley Roberts, who replaced Louie Spence and Katarina Witt. The ninth series of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" began airing on 5 January 2014. It was announced on 21 May 2013 by Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill that it would be their last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190363", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nITV's show was given a January premiere amidst network doubts about its viability but became a surprise hit in Britain, where it became the third highest rated television show of 2006. It attained an impressive 13 million viewers for the final in March. Britain's best-known ice-skating duo and former Olympic champions Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean help to train the aspiring dancers, and also appear throughout the show with comments and advice. Head Coach Karen Barber also trains the skaters for the live show. From the beginning, Torvill and Dean opened every episode with a performance, with the exception of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8683795", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice: The Tour\"\nfrom Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean as well as the professional ice skaters (from the television series) and other special guests. The Dancing on Ice Live Tour began on 31 March 2007 and ended on 6 May 2007. Sheffield, London, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Belfast and Newcastle were among the tour dates. The Sheffeld tour was recorded for the DVD (which was released on 19 November 2007). A preview of the tour was also broadcast on ITV on 21 October 2007. The celebrity guest judges included Radio 1's DJ Letitia, Ian Watkins of Steps and \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\", former competitor Stephen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1649161", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 10)\"\nreplacing Lloyd Jones. Matt Chapman was named as commentator for the series in December 2017. However, he left after the first episode and was replaced by Sam Matterface. The competition was won by Jake Quickenden with professional partner Vanessa Bauer. \"\"Coronation Street\"\" actress Brooke Vincent was the first celebrity announced for the lineup, on 30 October 2017. More celebrities were announced in early November, including Stephanie Waring on 8 November. On 20 November, it was reported that new professional skaters Megan Marschall and Lloyd Jones had left from the series for \"\"personal reasons\"\". They were replaced by new skater Alex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19287532", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nmentor the celebrities. Robin Cousins was the only judge from series 6 to return, with six consecutive European champion Katarina Witt and choreographer Louie Spence replacing Emma Bunton and Jason Gardiner. The contestants for the seventh series are as follows. Singer Chesney Hawkes was originally part of the line-up, but withdrew after sustaining an injury. His replacement was \"\"The X Factor\"\" contestant Chico Slimani. The eighth series started on 6 January 2013. The line-up was officially announced on 18 December 2012. Consisting of twelve couples, series 8 was the shortest series to air, and had the lowest number of couples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1649160", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 10)\"\nweekly basis, joined on the panel by newcomer Ashley Banjo and Jason Gardiner, who returned for his ninth series as judge. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returned as hosts, with Willoughby replacing Christine Lampard. Ashley's brother Jordan Banjo acted as the show's backstage digital host. On 6 November 2017, it was reported that professional skaters from the original show Brianne Delcourt, Daniel Whiston, Matt Evers, and Sylvain Longchambon would all return to the 2018 revival, with new professional skaters joining them. On 21 November 2017, it was confirmed that professional skater Mark Hanretty would also return to the 2018 show,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20258817", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 3)\"\ntheir returns, with Ruthie Henshall joining the show. Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield announced their returns and coaches Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean also returning. The contestants for the third series were revealed on 7 January 2008: This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale. Theme: Broadway Night Ratings sourced from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 3) The third series of Dancing on Ice aired from 13 January to 16 March 2008 on ITV. The show moved from Saturday nights to Sunday nights, with Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returning to present. Karen Barber, Nicky Slater,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966797", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nrequired skating elements format has been removed. The first series began on Saturday 14 January 2006 and ended on Saturday 4 March 2006, including ten celebrity skaters. The co-presenters were Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, while \"\"The Ice Panel\"\" consisted of one-time World Junior Figure Skating champion Nicky Slater, choreographer Karen Kresge, theatre producer Jason Gardiner, two-time NHK Trophy champion Karen Barber and 1980 Olympic champion Robin Cousins. The contestants for the first series were: The second series began on Saturday 20 January 2007. In it, 11 celebrities competed, compared to ten in the first series. The final was held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9039094", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 1)\"\nDancing on Ice (series 1) The first series of Dancing on Ice aired from 14 January to 4 March 2006 on ITV. It was presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, and judged by the \"\"Ice Panel\"\", consisting of Nicky Slater, Karen Kresge, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean coached and trained the contestants. The Judging Panel was announced in 2005 as Nicky Slater, Karen Kresge, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Robin Cousins. Cousins was announced as head judge. Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield was announced as hosts in 2005 with Jayne Torvill and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15451683", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 6)\"\nlowest skating score of the week. \"\"—\"\" indicates the couple that did not skate that week This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30 points scale (the doubled scores for the team challenge in week 7 are not included). Vanilla Ice was knocked unconscious after slipping on a lift and hitting his head on the ice. Jennifer Metcalfe cut her thigh with her own skate blade. Viewing figures from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 6) The sixth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 9 January to 27 March 2011 on ITV. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190377", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nFebruary and Angela Rippon filled in for him on 21 February. The contestants for the fifth series were: The sixth series started on 9 January 2011 and ended on 27 March 2011 with the following 16 celebrities taking part. Although 16 celebrities are confirmed to take part, in a shocking twist, the first two episodes were qualifying rounds, in each of which eight couples skated and two were eliminated, so that only 12 couples reached the competition proper. For the first time, viewers in the Republic of Ireland were able to vote via the TV3 Ireland website. Christopher Dean and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7408692", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 1)\"\nChristopher Dean as coaches. Kresge left after this series for unknown reasons. The 10 celebrities and professional ice skaters were: This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-point scale. Judges' votes to save Judges' votes to save Judges' votes to save Judges' votes to save Judges' votes to save Judges' votes to save Judges' votes to save Dancing on Ice (series 1) The first series of Dancing on Ice aired from 14 January to 4 March 2006 on ITV. It was presented by Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby, and judged by the \"\"Ice Panel\"\", consisting of Nicky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190386", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nAndrea's maternity leave during the second series she did not return to present the show and therefore Ben Shephard joined the show as the anchor presenter, and, unlike during the previous, series Andi Peters was now a roving reporter around the studio. For its second run the show was renamed \"\"Dancing on Ice Exclusive\"\". Neither of these first two spin-off shows returned in 2008 nor 2009. In 2010 it was announced that a new spin-off show would accompany \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\", named \"\"Dancing on Ice Friday\"\", presented by Ben Shephard and Coleen Nolan. This took place on Saturday 24 March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190365", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nseries 6, there were only three judges: Gardiner, Cousins and Bunton. During the shows first two series, it ran two supplementary programmes – \"\"Dancing on Ice Defrosted\"\", presented by Stephen Mulhern, and \"\"Dancing on Ice Exclusive\"\" (or \"\"Dancing on Ice Extra\"\" during series 1) presented by Andi Peters alongside Andrea McLean in series 1 and Ben Shephard in series 2. In mid-2007, it was announced that both shows would not return to accompany the third series as the audience attracted was out of ITV2's target range. As part of ITV's new revamped schedule at the start of 2008, from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20030722", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (Greece)\"\nDancing on Ice (Greece) Dancing on Ice is a Greek reality TV show. The show features celebrities paired with professionals from the world of figure skating. The show is based on the British show, \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\". The show has a schedule similar to the reality TV show \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" with performance shows on Sundays nights. Jenny Balatsinou serves as host while Petros Kostopoulos, Elena Paparizou, and Alexis Kostalas serve on the judging panel. The show premiered on 6 November 2011. The contestants for the first season were: \"\"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17186303", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 11)\"\nas new digital host, replacing Banjo. On 1 October 2018, Gemma Collins and Richard Blackwood were announced as the first two celebrities for the series. More celebrities were revealed in the following days, before concluding on 5 October. On 29 October, it was revealed that professional skaters from last year's show; Matt Evers, Sylvain Longchambon, Brianne Delcourt, Mark Hanretty, reigning champion Vanessa Bauer, Alex Murphy, Brandee Malto and Hamish Gaman would all return. Two professional skaters from the original show, Alexandra Schauman and Łukasz Różycki, will rejoin the show alongside new professionals Carlotta Edwards and Alexander Demetriou who will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19097232", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 3)\"\nDancing on Ice (series 3) The third series of Dancing on Ice aired from 13 January to 16 March 2008 on ITV. The show moved from Saturday nights to Sunday nights, with Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returning to present. Karen Barber, Nicky Slater, Jason Gardiner and Robin Cousins returned to the \"\"Ice Panel\"\", with Ruthie Henshall joining the panel as a replacement for Natalia Bestemianova. The commissioning of the series was first confirmed by Schofield at the 2007 BAFTA Awards. It was announced that Bestemianova would depart the series. Robin Cousins, Karen Barber, Nicky Slater and Jason Gardiner announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17561072", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 8)\"\nseries 6 and 7. It was revealed that at the end of the show of 13 January that the duel would return, this saw two couples go head-to-head on the ice at the same time performing different routines to the same song, the judges then decided which one will be immune from the public vote.<ref name=\"\"theduel/\"\"></ref> The line-up was officially announced on 18 December 2012. This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 40-point scale (the duel skate and the doubled scores for the Team challenge are not included). Official ratings are taken from BARB. Dancing on Ice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19287537", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nand Dean, the judges, presenters and competitors. Judge Nicky Slater also offered in-depth analysis of various performances using the latest video technology that the judges use to judge performances. The second spin-off show was originally called \"\"Dancing on Ice Extra\"\" and was presented by Andi Peters and Andrea McLean, both competitors in the first series. Midway through the first series Paul O'Grady left ITV to join Channel 4 meaning that ITV had no show to put on air at 5 pm. The format of \"\"Dancing on Ice Defrosted\"\" was modified so that it could be broadcast every weekday. Due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4383625", "chunk_text": "\"On Thin Ice (TV series)\"\nTwo during the months of June and July 2009. The series consists of five episodes. Episodes one to three focus on the team's preparations and training for the event, particularly the recruitment of the third team member (provisionally Jonny Lee Miller, whose work commitments led to his replacement by Ed Coats). Episodes four and five focus on the race itself and notably the physical and emotional strains put on the individual men, and team as a whole. Internationally, the series premiered in Australia on 18 February 2017 on BBC Knowledge. On Thin Ice (TV series) On Thin Ice is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5190381", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nseries as coaches, and ITV's Director of Television, Peter Fincham, confirmed that the programme would be cancelled after series 9. On 24 June 2013, it was reported that \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" could continue with new coaches, however, on 22 October 2013 it was confirmed that this would be the show's last series. It was later announced that the ninth series would be an \"\"all-star\"\" series, featuring former winners and other contestants from the eight previous series. The 14-strong line up was revealed on 11 December 2013; it included six former champions, six other top-four finishers, plus Joe Pasquale and Todd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9879946", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 5)\"\npublic votes combined. Judges' votes to save In the skate-off, Danniella and Gary were found to be in the bottom two with both the judges' scores and public votes combined. Judges' votes to save Dancing on Ice Series 5 was made available on DVD from 12 April 2010 in the United Kingdom. The DVD only featured highlights from the series, including interviews and previously unseen footage. Dancing on Ice (series 5) The fifth series of Dancing on Ice aired from 10 January to 28 March 2010 on ITV, with a preview show on 8 January 2010. Phillip Schofield and Holly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966814", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nfew episodes, presented solely by Holly Willoughby. This both showed some exclusive footage of the celebrities training for the Sunday night main show and followed Torvill and Dean on the search for a member of the public to perform on the \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" final in 2009. Shows: This was shown after the announcement of the bottom two had been made but before the skate off. It showed Torvill and Dean's search for an entertainment act on ice, with auditions from all kinds of ice skaters. The winner skated live on the \"\"Dancing on Ice 2009 final\"\" and join Torvill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16966816", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice\"\nLondon 2012 Summer Olympics. It featured medal-winning Olympic athletes. The one-off special featured the judges from series 7, with Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returning as presenters. Torvill & Dean unveiled a new and specially-crafted performance. Head judge, Robin Cousins also performed a solo routine for first time in twelve years. The judges scores were added to the studio audiences votes to decide the winner. No public vote took place, as the programme was recorded earlier in the year. A brand new spin-off show for the 2010 series of \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\", appropriately called \"\"Dancing on Ice Friday\"\", gave viewers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13693267", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing on Ice (series 9)\"\nweek 7 are not included in the total). After the duels the four skaters who were not immune all performed again: Official ratings are taken from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 9) Series Nine of Dancing on Ice aired from 5 January to 9 March 2014 on ITV. It was announced on 22 October 2013 that this series would be the show's last, and would be an 'All-Stars' series featuring former winners and previous contestants. Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returned to present, with Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean returning as mentors. Robin Cousins, Jason Gardiner, Karen Barber and Ashley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_140	what are the band members names of the rolling stones?	n/a	[ "Ronnie Wood", "Charlie Watts", "Keith Richards", "Mick Jagger" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870073", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nThe Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Brian Jones was the original leader of the group. The band's primary songwriters, Jagger and Richards, assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager. Their musical focus shifted from covering blues songs to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870198", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nof the beach, to keep the sound in sync with the music from the stage; for every of beach, the sound had to be delayed an additional second. Current members Former members Early members Current touring members Former touring musicians Selected studio albums The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13788734", "chunk_text": "\"Mick Jagger\"\nMick Jagger Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, musician, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones. Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"\"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\"\". His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career. Jagger gained press notoriety for his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870079", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\neight consecutive No. 1 studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart. In 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger became childhood friends and classmates in 1950 in Dartford, Kent. The Jagger family moved to Wilmington, Kent, away, in 1954. In the mid-1950s, Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor; the group mainly played material by Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin' Wolf and Bo Diddley. Jagger met Richards again on 17 October 1961 on platform two of Dartford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2892584", "chunk_text": "\"Mick Jagger\"\nJagger was slated to appear in the 1982 film \"\"Fitzcarraldo\"\" and some scenes were shot with him, but he had to leave for a Rolling Stones tour and his character was eliminated. Mick Jagger Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer-songwriter, musician, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones. Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"\"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\"\". His distinctive voice and performances,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870074", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nwriting original material, a decision with which Jones did not agree. Jones left the band less than a month before his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and continues on guitar in tandem with Richards. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. The Stones' touring keyboardists have included Nicky Hopkins (1967–1982), Ian McLagan (1978–1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982–present). The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15928218", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Richards\"\nKeith Richards Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English musician and songwriter, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine called Richards the creator of \"\"rock's greatest single body of riffs\"\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its \"\"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\"\" list. Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870082", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\njoin the band. They objected to playing the Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs preferred by Jagger and Richards. In June 1962 the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman completed the line-up of Jagger, Richards, Jones, Stewart and Taylor. According to Richards, Jones named the band during a phone call to \"\"Jazz News\"\". When asked by a journalist for the band's name, Jones saw a Muddy Waters LP lying on the floor; one of the tracks was \"\"Rollin' Stone\"\". Jones, Jagger, Richards, Stewart, and Taylor played a gig billed as \"\"the Rollin' Stones\"\" on 12 July 1962, at the Marquee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2646509", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nband and individually. They are also credited with changing the \"\"whole business model of popular music\"\". The band has received, and been nominated for multiple awards during their 55 years together including: three Grammy awards (and 12 nominations), the Juno award for International Entertainer of the Year in 1991, U.K.'s Jazz FM Awards Album of the Year (2017) for their album \"\"Blue & Lonesome\"\", and \"\"NME\"\" (\"\"New Musical Express\"\") awards such as best live band and the NME award for best music film, for their documentary \"\"Crossfire Hurricane\"\". On Mick Jagger's 75th birthday, scientists named seven fossil stoneflies after present", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10850877", "chunk_text": "\"Ronnie Wood\"\nRonnie Wood Ronald David Wood (born 1 June 1947) is an English rock musician, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, artist, author and radio personality best known as a member of The Rolling Stones since 1975, as well as a member of Faces and the Jeff Beck Group. Wood began his career in 1964, when he joined The Birds on guitar. He then joined the mod group The Creation, but remained with the group only for a short time and appeared on a small number of singles. Wood joined the Jeff Beck Group in 1967 as a bass player. The band released two albums,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2890219", "chunk_text": "\"Ronnie Wood\"\nRonnie Wood Ronald David Wood (born 1 June 1947) is an English rock musician, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, artist, author and radio personality best known as a member of The Rolling Stones since 1975, as well as a member of Faces and the Jeff Beck Group. Wood began his career in 1964, when he joined The Birds on guitar. He then joined the mod group The Creation, but remained with the group only for a short time and appeared on a small number of singles. Wood joined the Jeff Beck Group in 1967 as a bass player. The band released two albums,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2892530", "chunk_text": "\"Mick Jagger\"\nappearance, under the name the Rollin' Stones (after one of their favourite Muddy Waters tunes), was at the Marquee Club, a jazz club, in London on 12 July 1962. They would later change their name to \"\"the Rolling Stones\"\" as it seemed more formal. Victor Bockris states that the band members included Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Ian Stewart on piano, Dick Taylor on bass and Tony Chapman on drums. However, Richards states in his memoir \"\"Life\"\" that \"\"The drummer that night was Mick Avory−not Tony Chapman, as history has mysteriously handed it down...\"\" By autumn 1963, Jagger had left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2646506", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nthe words of the \"\"Telegraph\"\", \"\"changed music\"\" through his contributions to it as a pioneer of the modern music industry. Since their formation in 1962, the Rolling Stones have survived multiple feuds. They have released 30 studio albums, 23 live albums, 25 compilation albums and 120 singles. According to OfficialCharts.com, the Stones are ranked the fourth bestselling group of all time. Their top single is \"\"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\"\", regarded by many at the time as \"\"the classic example of rock and roll\"\". The Stones contributed to the blues lexicon, creating their own \"\"codewords\"\" and slang, such as \"\"losing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2646508", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nworldwide and have held over 48 tours of varying length, including three of the highest-grossing tours of all time: \"\"Bridges to Babylon\"\" Tour, \"\"Voodoo Lounge\"\" Tour, and \"\"A Bigger Bang\"\" Tour. In May 2013, \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine declared them the \"\"most definitional band that rock & roll has produced\"\". \"\"The Telegraph\"\" called Mick Jagger \"\"the Rolling Stone who changed music\"\". The band has been the subject of numerous documentaries and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Pete Townshend in 1989. The Rolling Stones have inspired and mentored new generations of musical artists both as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19497063", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Jones\"\nBrian Jones Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician, best known as the founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones. Initially a slide guitarist, Jones would go on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, such as rhythm and lead guitar, various keyboard instruments such as piano and mellotron, marimba, harmonica, sitar, wind instruments such as recorder, saxophone and numerous others. Jones and fellow guitarist Keith Richards developed a unique style of guitar play that Richards refers to as the \"\"ancient art of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1039525", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Richards\"\nthe sound he wants. Below is a list of the officially released Rolling Stones tracks on which Richards sings lead vocals or shares lead-vocal duties: Keith Richards Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), sometimes credited as Keith Richard, is an English musician and songwriter, best known as a guitarist and founder member of the Rolling Stones. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine called Richards the creator of \"\"rock's greatest single body of riffs\"\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011, and the magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14720604", "chunk_text": "\"Rolling Stones Records\"\nMusic Group, also distributor of their pre-1971 catalogue as UMG is the distributor for ABKCO Records). Rolling Stones Records Rolling Stones Records was the record label formed by the Rolling Stones members Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman in 1970, after their recording contract with Decca Records expired. The label was initially headed by Marshall Chess, the son of Chess Records founder Leonard Chess. It was first distributed in the United States by Atlantic Records subsidiary Atco Records. Beginning in 1973 it signed a distribution deal with Atlantic Records for the United States until 1984.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9420625", "chunk_text": "\"Instruments played by the Rolling Stones\"\nInstruments played by the Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones, an English rock band, have been active since 1962. Originally a counterpoint to The Beatles, the group took influences from the Blues, rock'n'roll and R&B. Most of their recordings feature a core of drums, bass, two guitars and a lead vocal, though there have been numerous variations on this in the studio. Keith Richards used a Harmony H72 Meteor on early tours, before switching to an Epiphone Casino. After the Stones became successful in the US, Richards acquired a Gibson Firebird and a 1959 Les Paul with a Bigsby Tremolo system.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18158489", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones (album)\"\nOldham and Eric Easton. The album was originally released by Decca Records in the UK, while the US version appeared on the London Records label. The majority of the tracks reflect the band's love for R&B. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards (whose professional name until 1978 omitted the \"\"s\"\" in his surname) were fledgling songwriters during early 1964, contributing only one original composition to the album: \"\"Tell Me (You're Coming Back)\"\". Two songs are credited to \"\"Nanker Phelge\"\" – a pseudonym the band used for group compositions from 1963 to 1965. Phil Spector and Gene Pitney both contributed to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870081", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nthey visited the Ealing Jazz Club where they met the members of Blues Incorporated, who included slide guitarist Brian Jones, keyboardist Ian Stewart and drummer Charlie Watts. After a meeting with Korner, Jagger and Richards started jamming with the group. Jones, no longer in a band, advertised for bandmates in \"\"Jazz Weekly\"\", while Stewart found them a practice space; together they decided to form a band playing Chicago blues. Soon after, Jagger, Taylor and Richards left Blues Incorporated to join Jones and Stewart. The first rehearsal included guitarist Geoff Bradford and vocalist Brian Knight, both of whom decided not to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14720598", "chunk_text": "\"Rolling Stones Records\"\nRolling Stones Records Rolling Stones Records was the record label formed by the Rolling Stones members Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman in 1970, after their recording contract with Decca Records expired. The label was initially headed by Marshall Chess, the son of Chess Records founder Leonard Chess. It was first distributed in the United States by Atlantic Records subsidiary Atco Records. Beginning in 1973 it signed a distribution deal with Atlantic Records for the United States until 1984. In the UK, it was distributed by WEA Records from 1971 to 1977 and by EMI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2646510", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nand former members of the band. Two species, Petroperla mickjaggeri and Lapisperla keithrichardsi, were placed within a new family Petroperlidae. The new family was named in honour of the Rolling Stones, derived from the Greek \"\"petra\"\" that stands for \"\"stone\"\". The scientists referred to the fossils as \"\"Rolling Stoneflies\"\". The Rolling Stones' first concert was on 12 July 1962 at the Marquee Club in London. The most documented of the band's concerts is the Altamont Free Concert at the Altamont Speedway in 1969. The Hells Angels biker gang provided security. Believing he was armed, they stabbed and beat an audience", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18719988", "chunk_text": "\"Charlie Watts\"\nCharlie Watts Charles Robert Watts (born 2 June 1941) is an English drummer, best known as a member of the Rolling Stones. Originally trained as a graphic artist, he started playing drums in London's rhythm and blues clubs, where he met Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, and Keith Richards. In 1963, he joined their group, The Rolling Stones, as drummer, while doubling as designer of their record sleeves and tour stages. He has also toured with his own group, the Charlie Watts Quintet, and appeared in London at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club with the Charlie Watts Tentet. In 2006, Watts was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9063088", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Rupert Loewenstein\"\nPrince Rupert Loewenstein Rupert Louis Ferdinand Frederick Constantine Lofredo Leopold Herbert Maximilian Hubert John Henry zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, Count of Loewenstein-Scharffeneck (24 August 1933 – 20 May 2014) was a Spanish-born Bavarian aristocrat and the longtime financial manager of the rock band The Rolling Stones. His affectionate nickname was \"\"Rupie the Groupie\"\". Loewenstein was named to the International Best-Dressed Hall of Fame in 2001. A scion of the royal houses of Wittelsbach and Löwenstein-Wertheim, Loewenstein was born in Palma, Majorca, Spain, the son of Prince Felicien \"\"Leopold\"\" Friedrich Ludwig Hubertus zu Loewenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (1903–1974) and his wife, \"\"Bianca\"\" Henrietta Maria Fischler, Countess", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6656270", "chunk_text": "\"Charlie Watts\"\nhe and wife Shirley own an Arabian horse stud farm. He also owns a percentage of The Rolling Stones' various corporate entities. In addition to his work with The Rolling Stones, Watts has released the following albums: Charlie Watts Charles Robert Watts (born 2 June 1941) is an English drummer, best known as a member of the Rolling Stones. Originally trained as a graphic artist, he started playing drums in London's rhythm and blues clubs, where he met Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, and Keith Richards. In 1963, he joined their group, The Rolling Stones, as drummer, while doubling as designer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870083", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nClub in London. Shortly afterwards, the band went on their first tour of the UK, which they called a \"\"training ground\"\" tour, because it was a new experience for all of them. Their material included the Chicago blues as well as Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs. The band's original rhythm section did not include bassist Bill Wyman, who joined in December 1962, or drummer Charlie Watts, who joined in January 1963. By 1963 they were finding their musical stride as well as popularity. In 1964 two unscientific opinion polls rated the band as Britain's most popular group, outranking even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7656692", "chunk_text": "\"25×5: the Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones\"\n25×5: the Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones 25x5: The Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones is a documentary featuring rock group The Rolling Stones, charting the period between the band's formation in 1962 and the release of its then latest album, 1989's \"\"Steel Wheels\"\". It was directed by acclaimed British documentary-maker Nigel Finch. Alongside much archive footage, the film also featured extensive original interviews with band members Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts and Ronnie Wood. The band's two guitarists who preceded Ronnie Wood, Brian Jones and Mick Taylor are featured in archive interviews only. Jones died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870084", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nthe Beatles. The band's name was changed shortly after their first gig to \"\"The Rolling Stones\"\". The group's then acting manager, Giorgio Gomelsky, secured a Sunday afternoon residency at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, London, in February 1963. He claimed this triggered an \"\"international renaissance for the blues\"\". In May 1963, The Rolling Stones signed Andrew Loog Oldham as their manager. His previous clients, the Beatles directed the former publicist to the band. Because Oldham was only nineteen and had not reached the age of majority—he was also younger than anyone in the band—he could not obtain an agent's licence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "277468", "chunk_text": "\"The Stones (band)\"\nThe Stones (band) The Stones were a New Zealand band from Dunedin named after the Rolling Stones. One of the earliest bands to record on the Flying Nun label, they helped form the style of music known as the Dunedin sound, along with label mates such as the Chills, the Verlaines and Sneaky Feelings, all of whom appeared alongside the Stones on the seminal Flying Nun release the \"\"Dunedin Double\"\" EP. The band was a three-piece with Jeff Batts (bass, vocals), Wayne Elsey (vocals, guitar), Graeme Anderson (drums). Whereas the other three bands to appear on this record went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "162220", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Richards\"\nsong, as the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead (\"\"weaving\"\") between Richards and the other guitarist in the band – Brian Jones (1962–1969), Mick Taylor (1969–1975), and Ronnie Wood (1975–present). In the recording studio Richards sometimes plays all of the guitar parts, notably on the songs \"\"Paint It Black\"\", \"\"Ruby Tuesday\"\", \"\"Sympathy for the Devil\"\", and \"\"Gimme Shelter\"\". He is also a vocalist, singing backing vocals on many Rolling Stones songs as well as occasional lead vocals, such as on the Rolling Stones' 1972 single \"\"Happy\"\", as well as with his side project, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15533867", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones concerts\"\nThe Rolling Stones concerts Since forming in 1962, the English rock band The Rolling Stones have performed more than two thousand concerts around the world, becoming one of the world's most popular live music attractions in the process. In their early years of performing, the band would undertake numerous short tours of the United Kingdom and North America, playing in small- and medium-size venues to audiences composed largely of screaming girls. As time moved on, their audience base expanded (in terms of both size and diversity) and they would increasingly favour larger arenas and stadiums. For many years, the group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7426943", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Rupert Loewenstein\"\ndied, age 80, in London on 20 May 2014 from complications of Parkinson's disease. Prince Rupert Loewenstein Rupert Louis Ferdinand Frederick Constantine Lofredo Leopold Herbert Maximilian Hubert John Henry zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, Count of Loewenstein-Scharffeneck (24 August 1933 – 20 May 2014) was a Spanish-born Bavarian aristocrat and the longtime financial manager of the rock band The Rolling Stones. His affectionate nickname was \"\"Rupie the Groupie\"\". Loewenstein was named to the International Best-Dressed Hall of Fame in 2001. A scion of the royal houses of Wittelsbach and Löwenstein-Wertheim, Loewenstein was born in Palma, Majorca, Spain, the son of Prince Felicien \"\"Leopold\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1706011", "chunk_text": "\"Ian Stewart (musician)\"\nIan Stewart (musician) Ian Andrew Robert Stewart (18 July 1938 – 12 December 1985) was a Scottish keyboardist and co-founder of the Rolling Stones. He was removed from the line-up in May 1963 at the request of manager Andrew Loog Oldham who felt he did not fit the band's image. He remained as road manager and pianist and was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the rest of the band in 1989. Ian Andrew Robert Stewart was born at Kirklatch Farm, Pittenweem, East Neuk, Fife, Scotland, and raised in Sutton, Surrey. Stewart (often called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8285039", "chunk_text": "\"Life (Keith Richards)\"\nwho played records by Sarah Vaughan, Billy Eckstine and Louis Armstrong, and his maternal grandfather, Augustus Theodore Dupree, a former big band player, who encouraged him to take up the guitar. In his teens he met up with Mick Jagger, who he had known in primary school, and discovered that they both shared a love of blues music. In the early 1960s Richards moved into a London flat, shared with Jagger and Brian Jones. Together with Bill Wyman, Ian Stewart and Charlie Watts, the Rolling Stones were founded in 1962, playing gigs at Ealing Jazz Club and the Crawdaddy Club.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "287179", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969\"\nthe world\"\", a title he had first bestowed upon them at their concert in London's Hyde Park the previous July. The tour set lists were derived mostly from 1968's \"\"Beggars Banquet\"\" album and the forthcoming \"\"Let It Bleed\"\". The performance itself featured the Stones showmanship that would become familiar: Charlie Watts businesslike drumming leavened by an occasional wry smile, Bill Wyman's undertaker persona on bass, the guitar interplay of Mick Taylor with Keith Richards, and most of all Mick Jagger's prancing, strutting, leering and preening in front of the crowd. \"\"Ah think I've busted a button on my trousers, I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16414741", "chunk_text": "\"The Stones in the Park\"\nThe Stones in the Park The Stones in the Park was a free outdoor festival held in Hyde Park on 5 July 1969, headlined by The Rolling Stones and featuring Third Ear Band, King Crimson, Screw, Alexis Korner's New Church, Family and The Battered Ornaments, in front of a crowd estimated at between 250,000 and 500,000 fans. It was the Stones' first public concert in over two years, and was planned as an introduction of new guitarist, Mick Taylor, though circumstances inevitably changed following the death of former member Brian Jones two days earlier. The band rehearsed at the Beatles'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870086", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nthreatening, uncouth and animalistic\"\". Stewart left the official line-up, but remained road manager and touring keyboardist. Of Stewart's decision, Oldham later said, \"\"Well, he just doesn't look the part, and six is too many for [fans] to remember the faces in the picture.\"\" Later, Oldham reduced the band members' ages in publicity material to make them appear as teenagers. Decca Records, which had declined to sign a deal with the Beatles, gave the Rolling Stones a recording contract with favourable terms. The band got three times a new act's typical royalty rate, full artistic control of recordings and ownership of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15793550", "chunk_text": "\"Nanker Phelge\"\nNanker Phelge Nanker Phelge (a.k.a. Nanker/Phelge) was a collective pseudonym used between 1963 and 1965 for several Rolling Stones group compositions. Stones bassist Bill Wyman explained the origins of the name in his 2002 book, \"\"Rolling with the Stones\"\": Thus anything credited to Nanker Phelge refers to a Mick Jagger/Brian Jones/Keith Richards/Charlie Watts/Bill Wyman collaborative composition. The ASCAP files for the very earliest Nanker Phelge compositions also list early Rolling Stones member Ian Stewart (also known as \"\"the sixth Stone\"\") as a co-author covered by the pseudonym. The name resurfaced in the late 1960s on the labels of the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870076", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nis generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"\"Golden Age.\"\" It was during this period they were first introduced on stage as \"\"The Greatest Rock and Roll Band in the World.\"\" The band continued to release commercially successful albums through the 1970s and early 1980s, including \"\"Some Girls\"\" (1978) and \"\"Tattoo You\"\" (1981), the two best-sellers in their discography. From 1983 to 1987 tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split; however, they overcame their differences and rekindled their friendship after a temporary separation to work on solo projects. The Stones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870140", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\n(\"\"Waiting on a Friend\"\" (US No. 13) and \"\"Tops\"\") featured Mick Taylor's unused rhythm guitar tracks, while jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins played on \"\"Slave\"\" and \"\"Waiting on a Friend\"\". The album reached No. 2 in the UK and No. 1 in the US. The Rolling Stones reached No. 20 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1982 with \"\"Hang Fire\"\". Their American Tour 1981 was their biggest, longest and most colourful production to date. It was the highest-grossing tour of that year. It included a concert at Chicago's Checkerboard Lounge with Muddy Waters, in one of his last performances before his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870177", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nwith 13 shows set to run from April to June. The Rolling Stones have assimilated various musical genres into their own collective sound. Throughout the band's career, their musical contributions have been marked by a continual reference and reliance on musical styles including blues, psychedelia, R&B, country, folk, reggae, dance, and world music, exemplified by Jones' collaboration with the Master Musicians of Jajouka, as well as traditional English styles that use stringed instruments like harps. Brian Jones experimented with the use of non-traditional instruments such as the sitar and slide guitar in their early days. The group started out covering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870080", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nrailway station. The Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records Jagger was carrying revealed a shared interest. A musical partnership began shortly afterwards. Richards and Taylor often met Jagger at his house. The meetings moved to Taylor's house in late 1961 where Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith joined the trio; the quintet called themselves the Blues Boys. In March 1962, the Blues Boys read about the Ealing Jazz Club in \"\"Jazz News\"\" newspaper, which mentioned Alexis Korner's rhythm and blues band, Blues Incorporated. The group sent a tape of their best recordings to Korner, who was favourably impressed. On 7 April,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18840669", "chunk_text": "\"19383 Rolling Stones\"\nCaussols. This minor planet was named after the English musical group The Rolling Stones. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 August 2003 (). The asteroid's name is unusual in that it is expressed as two words, instead of \"\"Rollingstones\"\" which is the format used by most other minor planets named for individuals or groups (although the asteroid named after Pink Floyd is also expressed as two words). In the SDSS-based taxonomy, \"\"Rolling Stones\"\" is a bright V-type asteroid. According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, \"\"Rolling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2646434", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones\"\nin London's Hyde Park, two days after Jones' death; they decided to go ahead with the show as a tribute to him. The concert, their first with new guitarist Mick Taylor, was performed in front of an estimated 250,000 fans. A Granada Television production team filmed the performance, which was broadcast on British television as \"\"The Stones in the Park\"\". Blackhill Enterprises stage manager Sam Cutler introduced the Rolling Stones on to the stage by announcing: \"\"Let's welcome the Greatest Rock and Roll Band in the World.\"\" Cutler repeated the introduction throughout their 1969 US tour. Jagger read an excerpt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19497064", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Jones\"\nweaving\"\" where both players would play rhythm and lead parts together; Richards would carry the style on with later Stones guitarists and the sound would become a Rolling Stones trademark. After he founded the Rolling Stones as a British blues outfit in 1962, and gave the band its name, Jones' fellow band members Mick Jagger and Keith Richards began to take over the band's musical direction, especially after they became a successful songwriting team. Jones also did not get along with the band's manager, Andrew Loog Oldham, who pushed the band into a musical direction at odds with Jones' blues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15027928", "chunk_text": "\"The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus\"\nThe Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus was a concert show organised by the Rolling Stones on 11 December 1968. The show was filmed on a makeshift circus stage with Jethro Tull, The Who, Taj Mahal, Marianne Faithfull, and The Rolling Stones. John Lennon and his fiancee Yoko Ono also performed as part of a one-shot supergroup called The Dirty Mac, featuring Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, and Keith Richards. The original idea for the concert was going to include the Small Faces, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, and the concept of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18861611", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Jones\"\nconcert to him appears in Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's \"\"\"\" in its second issue, \"\"Paint it Black\"\". His exceptional musicianship as well as contribution to the band is featured heavily in the documentary \"\"Crossfire Hurricane\"\". With the Rolling Stones With the Beatles With Jimi Hendrix With Peter and Gordon With McGough and McGear With Marianne Faithfull With The Andrew Oldham Orchestra With Hapshash and the Coloured Coat Solo discography Brian Jones Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician, best known as the founder and the original leader of the Rolling Stones.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4810502", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Wyman\"\nBill Wyman Bill Wyman (born William George Perks Jr., 24 October 1936) is an English musician, record producer, songwriter and singer. He was the bass guitarist for the English rock and roll band the Rolling Stones from 1962 until 1993. Since 1997 he has recorded and toured with his own band, Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings. He has worked producing records and films, and has scored music for film in movies and television. Wyman has kept a journal since he was a child after World War II. As an author, he has written seven books. Wyman is also a photographer, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1706023", "chunk_text": "\"Ian Stewart (musician)\"\nwere written by Ian Rankin about Stewart. The song is included on Chemikal Underground's compilation \"\"Ballads of the Book\"\", which featured Scottish authors and poets writing lyrics for contemporary Scottish bands. Ian Stewart (musician) Ian Andrew Robert Stewart (18 July 1938 – 12 December 1985) was a Scottish keyboardist and co-founder of the Rolling Stones. He was removed from the line-up in May 1963 at the request of manager Andrew Loog Oldham who felt he did not fit the band's image. He remained as road manager and pianist and was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20538453", "chunk_text": "SuperHeavy\nSuperHeavy SuperHeavy were a one-off supergroup project consisting of Mick Jagger, Joss Stone, Dave Stewart, A. R. Rahman, and Damian Marley. Stone and Stewart have collaborated in the past with Jagger. Jagger said of the band, \"\"We wanted a convergence of different musical styles... We were always overlapping styles, but they were nevertheless separate\"\". Jagger wanted SuperHeavy to showcase different musical styles, with music ranging from reggae to ballads to Indian music. The existence of SuperHeavy was secret until May 2011. Mick Jagger, English musician and the lead vocalist of rock band the Rolling Stones, announced its formation on 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_141	which apostle spoke at the council of jerusalem?	n/a	[ "Paul", "James", "Barnabas", "Simon Peter" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12045355", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nas well, as the Apostolic Decree indicates. The dispute was between those, such as the followers of the \"\"Pillars of the Church\"\", led by James, who believed, following his interpretation of the Great Commission, that the church must observe the Torah, i.e. the rules of traditional Judaism, and Paul the Apostle, who believed there was no such necessity. (See also Supersessionism, New Covenant, Antinomianism, Hellenistic Judaism, Paul the Apostle and Judaism.) At the Council, following advice offered by Simon Peter ( and ), Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles (), and the apostle James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4734996", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nquoted from the words of the prophet Amos (, quoting ). James added his own words to the quotation: \"\"Known to God from eternity are all His works\"\" and then submitted a proposal, which was accepted by the Church and became known as the Apostolic Decree: The Western version of Acts (see Acts of the Apostles: Manuscripts) adds the negative form of the Golden Rule (\"\"and whatever things ye would not have done to yourselves, do not do to another\"\"). This determined questions wider than that of circumcision, particularly dietary questions, but also fornication and idolatry and blood, and also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9177217", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nfornication and idolatry, sometimes referred to as the Apostolic Decree or Jerusalem Quadrilateral. Accounts of the council are found in Acts of the Apostles chapter 15 (in two different forms, the Alexandrian and Western versions) and also possibly in Paul's letter to the Galatians chapter 2. Some scholars dispute that Galatians 2 is about the Council of Jerusalem (notably because Galatians 2 describes a private meeting) while other scholars dispute the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles. The Council of Jerusalem is generally dated to 48 AD, roughly 15 to 25 years after the crucifixion of Jesus, between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12045365", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nto non-strangled \"\"kosher\"\" meat, which contrasts with Paul's advice to Gentiles in Corinth, to \"\"eat whatever is sold in the meat markets\"\" (1 Corinthians 10:25). The description of the Apostolic Council in Acts 15, generally considered the same event described in Galatians 2, is considered by some scholars to be contradictory to the Galatians account. The historicity of Luke's account has been challenged, and was rejected completely by some scholars in the mid to late 20th century. However, more recent scholarship inclines towards treating the Jerusalem Council and its rulings as a historical event, though this is sometimes expressed with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9177216", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nCouncil of Jerusalem The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50. It is unique among the ancient pre-ecumenical councils in that it is considered by Catholics and Orthodox to be a prototype and forerunner of the later ecumenical councils and a key part of Christian ethics. The council decided that Gentile converts to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the Law of Moses, including the rules concerning circumcision of males. The Council did, however, retain the prohibitions on eating blood, meat containing blood, and meat of animals not properly slain, and on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6948175", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 15\"\nActs 15 Acts 15 is the fifteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem and the Council of Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 41 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The journey of Paul and Barnabas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11267796", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nApostolic Decree of the Jerusalem Council \"\"has been obsolete for centuries in the West\"\", though it is still recognized and observed by the Greek Orthodox Church. Acts 28 Hyperdispensationalists, such as the 20th century Anglican E. W. Bullinger, would be another example of a group that believes the decree (and everything before Acts 28) no longer applies. Council of Jerusalem The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50. It is unique among the ancient pre-ecumenical councils in that it is considered by Catholics and Orthodox to be a prototype and forerunner of the later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7456330", "chunk_text": "Barnabas\nBarnabas Barnabas (; Greek: Βαρνάβας), born Joseph, was an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Jew. Named an apostle in Acts 14:14, he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts (c. 45–47), and participated in the Council of Jerusalem (c. 50) Barnabas and Paul successfully evangelized among the \"\"God-fearing\"\" Gentiles who attended synagogues in various Hellenized cities of Anatolia. Barnabas' story appears in the Acts of the Apostles, and Paul mentions him in some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14679259", "chunk_text": "\"James, brother of Jesus\"\nunto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go show these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place. () When Peter, having miraculously escaped from prison, must flee Jerusalem due to Herod Agrippa's persecution, he asks that James be informed (Acts 12:17). James is also an authority in the early church at the Council of Jerusalem (James is quoting Amos 9:11–12): After this, there is only one more mention of James in Acts, meeting with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11362881", "chunk_text": "Ebionites\nJerusalem Church. Eusebius records that Clement of Alexandria wrote that Peter, James and John chose James, the brother of Jesus, as bishop of Jerusalem, but Eusebius also subjects James to the authority of all the apostles. Peter baptised Cornelius the Centurion, introducing uncircumcised Gentiles into the church in Judea. Paul, \"\"Apostle to the Gentiles\"\", established many churches and developed a Christian theology (see Pauline Christianity). At the Council of Jerusalem (\"\"c\"\" 49), Paul argued to abrogate Mosaic observances for non-Jewish converts. When Paul recounted the events to the Galatians (), he referred only to the remembrance of the poor rather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19402605", "chunk_text": "\"Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles\"\nby some scholars to be contradictory to the Galatians account. The historicity of Luke's account has been challenged, and was rejected completely by some scholars in the mid to late 20th century. However, more recent scholarship inclines towards treating the Jerusalem Council and its rulings as a historical event, though this is sometimes expressed with caution. In , James, the leader of the Christian Jews in Jerusalem, gives a speech where he quotes scriptures from the Greek Septuagint (). Some believe this is incongruous with the portrait of James as a Jewish leader who would presumably speak Aramaic, not Greek.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14679253", "chunk_text": "\"James, brother of Jesus\"\nJews and Jewish Proselytes) in Jerusalem, while Paul and his fellows will minister to the \"\"uncircumcised\"\" (in general Gentiles) (2:12), after a debate in response to concerns of the Christians of Antioch. The Antioch community was concerned over whether Gentile Christians need be circumcised to be saved, and sent Paul and Barnabas to confer with the Jerusalem church. James played a prominent role in the formulation of the council's decision. James was the last named figure to speak, after Peter, Paul, and Barnabas; he delivered what he called his \"\"decision\"\" ( NRSV) the original sense is closer to \"\"opinion\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7889739", "chunk_text": "\"1 Corinthians 8\"\n1 Corinthians 8 1 Corinthians 8 is the eighth chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes in Ephesus. In this short chapter, Paul deals with an issue about food offered to idols. This chapter can be grouped: At the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem, reported in Acts 15, following advice offered by Simon Peter ( and ), Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles (), and the apostle James quoted from the words of the prophet Amos (,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12045354", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nLaw Covenant. In the words of Jesus are reported to be that Moses gave the people circumcision. The purpose of the meeting, according to Acts, was to resolve a disagreement in Antioch, which had wider implications than just circumcision, since circumcision is the \"\"everlasting\"\" sign of the Abrahamic Covenant (). Some of the Pharisees who had become believers insisted that it was \"\"needful to circumcise them, and to command [them] to keep the law of Moses\"\" (KJV). The primary issue which was addressed related to the requirement of circumcision, as the author of Acts relates, but other important matters arose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19620788", "chunk_text": "Apostles\nhe had seen and was anointed by Jesus while on the road to Damascus. James, Peter and John in Jerusalem accepted his calling to the apostleship from the Lord to the Gentiles (specifically those not circumcised) as of equal authority as Peter's to the Jews (specifically those circumcised) according to Paul. \"\"James, Peter and John, those reputed to be pillars ... agreed that we [Paul and Barnabas] should go to the Gentiles, and they to the Jews.\"\" Paul, despite his divine calling as an apostle, considered himself perhaps inferior to the other apostles because he had originally persecuted Christ's followers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12364113", "chunk_text": "\"Sophronius of Jerusalem\"\nSophronius of Jerusalem Sophronius (c. 560 – March 11, 638; ) was the Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his death. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Before rising to the primacy of the see of Jerusalem, he was a monk and theologian who was the chief protagonist for orthodox teaching in the doctrinal controversy on the essential nature of Jesus and his volitional acts. Sophronius was born in Damascus around 560. He has been claimed to be of Byzantine Greek, as well as of Syriac descent. A teacher of rhetoric, Sophronius became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11747329", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)\"\nin particular the obligation to abstain from eating blood or what has been strangled, are not accepted by all Christian churches. The Acts of the Apostles records, without using for it the term \"\"council\"\" or \"\"synod\"\", what has been called the Council of Jerusalem: to respond to a consultation by Paul of Tarsus, the apostles and elders of the Church in Jerusalem met to address the question of observance of biblical law in the early Christian community, which included Gentile converts. This is the only such meeting recorded in the New Testament, and may be referred to also in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7761998", "chunk_text": "\"Paul the Apostle and Judaism\"\nquite free to eat anything offered to idols, never appealing or even mentioning the Jerusalem council. He rather attempts to persuade them by appealing to the care they should have for other believers who might not feel so free. Paul himself described several meetings with the apostles in Jerusalem, though it is difficult to reconcile any of them fully with the account in Acts (see also Paul the Apostle#Council of Jerusalem). Paul claims he \"\"went up again to Jerusalem\"\" (i.e., not the first time) with Barnabas and Titus \"\"in response to a revelation\"\", in order to \"\"lay before them the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14188831", "chunk_text": "\"Primacy of Peter\"\n\"\"Rock\"\" and \"\"Chief Shepherd\"\". It is believed Peter entrusted the Jerusalem community to James when he was forced to leave Jerusalem due to Herod Agrippa's persecution. However, at the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15, James uses the Greek \"\"exegesato\"\" to refer to Peter's statements, which refers to literally \"\"declaring\"\" or \"\"issuing a ruling.\"\" However, James uses the Greek word \"\"akouoo\"\" in relation to his statements, which refers to literally \"\"giving one's opinion,\"\" and does not denote authority. Catholic scholar Michael M. Winter puts it in his \"\"Saint Peter and the Popes\"\" in the following terms: \"\"The speech of St.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16990202", "chunk_text": "\"Incident at Antioch\"\naccount of an incident at Antioch given by Paul in his letters, and the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles is disputed. According to the Epistle to the Galatians chapter 2, Peter had traveled to Antioch and there was a dispute between him and Paul. The Epistle does not exactly say if this happened after the Council of Jerusalem or before it, but the incident is mentioned in Paul's letter as his next subject after describing a meeting in Jerusalem which some scholars consider to be the council. An alternative time, which many believe to be better suited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14679251", "chunk_text": "\"James, brother of Jesus\"\nthe Bar Kokhba revolt in 130. Following the second destruction of Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the city as Aelia Capitolina, subsequent bishops were Greeks. James the Just was \"\"from an early date with Peter a leader of the Church at Jerusalem and from the time when Peter left Jerusalem after Herod Agrippa's attempt to kill him, James appears as the principal authority who presided at Council of Jerusalem.\"\" The Pauline epistles and the later chapters of the Acts of the Apostles portray James as an important figure in the Christian community of Jerusalem. When Paul arrives in Jerusalem to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4734998", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nTen Commandments in Christianity. The writer of Acts gives an account of a restatement by James and the elders in Jerusalem of the contents of the letter on the occasion of Paul's final Jerusalem visit, immediately prior to Paul's arrest at the temple, recounting: \"\"When we had come to Jerusalem, the brothers received us gladly. On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.\"\" (Acts 21:17–18, ESV) The elders then proceed to notify Paul of what seems to have been a common concern among Jewish believers, that he was teaching Diaspora Jewish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18683785", "chunk_text": "\"Basil of Jerusalem\"\nBasil of Jerusalem Basil of Jerusalem was the Patriarch of Jerusalem of the Church of Jerusalem from 821 to 842. During his episcopate, Basil actively opposed iconoclasm that was supported by the Eastern Roman emperor Theophilus. Basil, who was a follower of his predecessor Patriarch Thomas I of Jerusalem, was elected Patriarch of Jerusalem in 821. He actively opposed iconoclasm. In 836, he convened a council in Jerusalem that defended the veneration of icons. From the council, Basil sent this position of the council to emperor Theophilus in a letter carried by Syncellus Michael. Theophilus, who was a confirmed iconoclast,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9260370", "chunk_text": "\"Apostolic Age\"\nthey were led by James the Just. According to , they described themselves as 'disciples of the Lord' and [followers] 'of the Way', and according to a settled community of disciples at Antioch were the first to be called 'Christians'. Saul of Tarsus, commonly known as Paul the Apostle, persecuted the early Jewish Christians, such as Saint Stephen, then converted and adopted the title of \"\"Apostle to the Gentiles\"\" and started proselytizing among the Gentiles. He persuaded the leaders of the Jerusalem Church to allow Gentile converts exemption from most Jewish commandments at the Council of Jerusalem. According to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12045352", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\n26 and 36 AD. Acts 15 and Galatians 2 both suggest that the meeting was called to debate whether or not male Gentiles who were converting to become followers of Jesus were required to become circumcised; circumcision was considered repulsive during the period of Hellenization of the Eastern Mediterranean. At the time, most followers of Jesus (which historians refer to as Jewish Christians) were Jewish by birth and even converts would have considered the early Christians as a part of Judaism. According to Alister McGrath, the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of the then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3307242", "chunk_text": "\"Early centers of Christianity\"\nof the city until its rebuilding as Aelia Capitolina, c. 130, when all Jews were banished from the city. In about 50, Barnabas and Paul went to Jerusalem to meet with the \"\"pillars of the church\"\": James, Peter, and John. Later called the Council of Jerusalem, this meeting, among other things, confirmed the legitimacy of the mission of Barnabas and Paul to the gentiles, and the gentile converts' freedom from most Mosaic law, especially circumcision, which was repulsive to the Hellenic mind. Thus, the Apostolic Decree () may be a major act of differentiation of the Church from its Jewish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12536276", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Chalcedon\"\nof the Incarnation before continuing the trial. The council fathers, however, felt that no new creed was necessary, and that the doctrine had been laid out clearly in Leo's Tome. They were also hesitant to write a new creed as the Council of Ephesus had forbidden the composition or use of any new creed. The second session of the council ended with shouts from the bishops, \"\"It is Peter who says this through Leo. This is what we all of us believe. This is the faith of the Apostles. Leo and Cyril teach the same thing.\"\" However, during the reading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18010499", "chunk_text": "\"Saint Peter\"\nJames (the Greater) and John after the ascension of our Saviour, as if also preferred by our Lord, strove not after honor, but chose James the Just bishop of Jerusalem.\"\" Peter was considered along with James the Just and John the Apostle as pillars of the Church\"\" (Galatians 2:9)\"\". Paul affirms that Peter had the special charge of being apostle to the Jews, just as he, Paul, was apostle to the Gentiles. The author of the Acts of the Apostles portrays Peter as an extremely important figure within the early Christian community, with Peter delivering a significant open-air sermon during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10537123", "chunk_text": "\"Paul the Apostle\"\nPaul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16990201", "chunk_text": "\"Incident at Antioch\"\nleft Antioch and traveled to Jerusalem to discuss his mission to the Gentiles with the Christian \"\"pillars of authority.\"\" Describing the outcome of this meeting, Paul says \"\"they recognized that I had been entrusted with the good-news for the un-circumcised.\"\" Acts of the Apostles describes the dispute as being resolved by Peter's speech and concluding with a decision by James the brother of Jesus not to require circumcision from gentile converts. Acts quotes Peter and James as saying: This Apostolic Decree is still observed by the Eastern Orthodox Church. However, this account seems to possibly be in tension with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2241585", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Clermont\"\ncould be fulfilled. Council of Clermont The Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II and held from 18 to 28 November 1095 at Clermont, Auvergne, at the time part of the Duchy of Aquitaine. Pope Urban's speech on November 27 included the call to arms that would result in the First Crusade, and eventually the capture of Jerusalem and the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In this, Urban reacted to the request by Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus who had sent envoys to the Council of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4734997", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Jerusalem\"\nthe application of Biblical law to non-Jews. It was stated by the Apostles and Elders in the Council: \"\"the Holy Spirit and we ourselves have favored adding no further burden to you, except these necessary things, to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication. If you carefully keep yourselves from these things, you will prosper.\"\" (Acts 15:27–28) And this Apostolic Decree was considered binding on all the other local Christian congregations in other regions. See also Biblical law directed at non-Jews, Seven Laws of Noah, Biblical law in Christianity, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18536432", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Clermont\"\nCouncil of Clermont The Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II and held from 18 to 28 November 1095 at Clermont, Auvergne, at the time part of the Duchy of Aquitaine. Pope Urban's speech on November 27 included the call to arms that would result in the First Crusade, and eventually the capture of Jerusalem and the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In this, Urban reacted to the request by Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus who had sent envoys to the Council of Piacenza requesting military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4947886", "chunk_text": "\"Paul the Apostle\"\nhis worthiness to become an apostle. Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4039543", "chunk_text": "\"Mosaic covenant\"\nof Christianity. It has been the source of serious dispute and contention seen in Jesus' expounding of the Law during his Sermon on the Mount, the circumcision controversy in early Christianity, and the Incident at Antioch which has led scholars to dispute the relationship between Paul of Tarsus and Judaism. The Book of Acts says that after the ascension of Jesus, Stephen, the first Christian martyr, was killed when he was accused of speaking against the Jerusalem Temple and the Mosaic Law. Later, in , the Council of Jerusalem addressed the circumcision controversy in early Christianity. Mosaic covenant The Mosaic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1501794", "chunk_text": "\"Council of Acre\"\nCouncil of Acre The Council of Acre met at Palmarea, near Acre, a major city of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, on 24 June 1148. The Haute Cour of Jerusalem met with recently arrived crusaders from Europe, to decide on the best target for the crusade. The Second Crusade had been called after the fall of Edessa to Zengi in 1144. In 1147, armies led by Conrad III of Germany and Louis VII of France began their separate journeys to the east. Conrad arrived at Acre in April 1148, and Louis marched south from Antioch. The nobility of Jerusalem welcomed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "845822", "chunk_text": "\"Third Council of Ephesus\"\nThird Council of Ephesus The Third Council of Ephesus was held in the Anatolian city of Ephesus in 475. It was presided over by Pope Timothy II of Alexandria, and also attended by Peter the Fuller, then Patriarch of Antioch, Paul the Exarch of Ephesus and Anastasius I of Jerusalem. There were reportedly 500-700 bishops present at the council. It ratified a recent encyclical of Emperor Basiliscus which condemned the Council of Chalcedon and particularly the Tome of Leo. This council thus constitutes one of the most significant synodical condemnations of Chalcedon for the Oriental Orthodox. In response to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19620786", "chunk_text": "Apostles\nPentecost, the remaining apostles elected a twelfth apostle by casting lots, a traditional Israelite way to determine the will of God (see ). The lot fell upon Matthias. Paul the Apostle in his First Epistle to the Corinthians, appears to give the first historical reference to the twelve apostles: In his writings, Paul the Apostle, although not one of the original twelve, described himself as an \"\"apostle\"\", one \"\"born out of due time\"\" (e.g., , 1 Corinthians 15:8 and other letters). He was called by the resurrected Jesus himself during his Road to Damascus vision and given the name \"\"Paul\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16990205", "chunk_text": "\"Incident at Antioch\"\nwent up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers criticized him and said, \"\"You went into the house of the uncircumcised and ate with them.\"\" This is described as having happened before the death of King Herod (Agrippa) in 44 AD, and thus years before the Council of Jerusalem (dated c. 50). Acts is entirely silent about any confrontation between Peter and Paul, that or any other time. There is some debate that the confrontation was actually not between Paul and Peter, the Apostle, but another one of the identified 70 disciples of the time with the same name as Peter. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "978294", "chunk_text": "\"Papal primacy\"\nduties passed to his heir, Pope Leo (440–461) taught that he, as Peter's representative, succeeded to the power and authority of Peter, and he implied that it was through Peter that the other apostles received from Christ strength and stability. Pope Gelasius I (492–496) stated: Besides Rome, Jerusalem was also held in high prestige in the early Church, both because the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus occurred there, on account of the 1st-century Council of Jerusalem. Followers of Jesus were first referred to as \"\"Christians\"\" (as well as \"\"Catholic\"\") in Antioch and was, together with Alexandria, important in the thought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967032", "chunk_text": "\"John the Apostle\"\n51). Paul, in opposing his enemies in Galatia, recalls that John explicitly, along with Peter and James the Just, were referred to as \"\"pillars of the church\"\" and refers to the recognition that his Apostolic preaching of a gospel free from Jewish Law received from these three, the most prominent men of the messianic community at Jerusalem. According to the Book of Revelation, its author was on the island of Patmos \"\"for the word of God and for the testimony of Jesus\"\", when he was honoured with the vision contained in Revelation. The phrase the disciple whom Jesus loved (,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10537149", "chunk_text": "\"Paul the Apostle\"\nleaves no doubt that Peter saw the justice of the rebuke\"\". However Paul himself never mentions a victory and \"\"From Jesus to Christianity\"\" draws the opposite conclusion: \"\"The blowup with Peter was a total failure of political bravado, and Paul soon left Antioch as \"\"persona non grata\"\", never again to return\"\". The primary source account of the Incident at Antioch is Paul's letter to the Galatians. Paul left for his second missionary journey from Jerusalem, in late Autumn 49, after the meeting of the Council of Jerusalem where the circumcision question was debated. On their trip around the Mediterranean sea,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4947821", "chunk_text": "\"Paul the Apostle\"\nand John accepted Paul's mission to the Gentiles. The Jerusalem meetings are mentioned in Acts, and also in Paul's letters. For example, the Jerusalem visit for famine relief apparently corresponds to the \"\"first visit\"\" (to Peter and James only). F. F. Bruce suggested that the \"\"fourteen years\"\" could be from Paul's conversion rather than from his first visit to Jerusalem. Despite the agreement achieved at the Council of Jerusalem, Paul recounts how he later publicly confronted Peter in a dispute sometimes called the \"\"Incident at Antioch\"\", over Peter's reluctance to share a meal with Gentile Christians in Antioch because they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14188832", "chunk_text": "\"Primacy of Peter\"\nJames is of a different character [from that of St. Peter]. He acquiesces to what St. Peter had said, although it seems to have been against his personal inclinations, and then puts forward a practical suggestion for the sake of harmony.\"\" The Fourth Century Latin Father St. Jerome, in his epistle to St. Augustine of Hippo, wrote that \"\"nay more, that Peter was the prime mover in issuing the decree by which this was affirmed.\"\" in relation to the Council of Jerusalem and again \"\"and to his opinion the Apostle James, and all the elders together, gave consent.\"\" This view", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8969201", "chunk_text": "\"Pauline Christianity\"\nsuch as John Ziesler, is altogether different. Pauline Christianity is the development of thinking about Jesus in a gentile missionary context; Christopher Rowlands concludes that Paul did not materially alter the teachings of Jesus. Much of this view turns on the significance of the Council of Jerusalem. According to this view, James decreed that Christianity was for the Gentiles and not just for the Jews, and quoted the prophet Amos in support of this position (the \"\"Apostolic Decree\"\" is found in ). He entrusted Paul among others with bringing their decision to Antioch (). Christians themselves disagree as to how", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3128758", "chunk_text": "Barnabas\n1538 given the grand old Monastery of Saint Barnabas by the city wall of Milan. This being their main seat, the Order was thenceforth known by the popular name of \"\"Barnabites\"\". Barnabas Barnabas (; Greek: Βαρνάβας), born Joseph, was an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Jew. Named an apostle in Acts 14:14, he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts (c. 45–47), and participated in the Council of Jerusalem (c. 50) Barnabas and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18979673", "chunk_text": "\"Peter of Jerusalem\"\nwho had died in the fifth century. Peter signed the edict but included a proviso that if it would not be signed by the Pope of Rome, his signature would be invalid. Eventually, the emperor forced the Pope sign the edict. Patr. Peter died in 544. Peter of Jerusalem Peter of Jerusalem was the Patriarch of Jerusalem from 524 to 544. He held to the Orthodox belief. Patriarch Peter, as John III's successor and following in his Orthodox position, convened in September 536 a synod in Jerusalem in which he proclaimed his orthodoxy and adherence to the Council of Chalcedon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15362455", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)\"\nEpistle to the Galatians. This meeting of the Church in Jerusalem was not a gathering of representatives coming from all areas, like an ecumenical council. It is called the Apostolic Council, because of the participation in it of the apostles. This gives it a character different from the normal pre-ecumenical church councils. It took place around the year 50. In times of greater toleration, Christian leaders felt sufficiently secure to hold councils governing their see or metropolitan area. None of the councils of this period gathered representatives from all the Christian churches, or even from those throughout the Roman Empire.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "586490", "chunk_text": "Apostles\nof God is \"\"built upon the foundation of apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone\"\". Although not one of the apostles commissioned during the life of Jesus, Paul, a Jew named Saul of Tarsus, claimed a special commission from the risen Jesus and is considered \"\"the apostle of the Gentiles\"\", for his missions to spread the gospel message after his conversion. In his writings, the epistles to Christian churches throughout the Levant, Paul did not restrict the term \"\"apostle\"\" to the Twelve, and often refers to his mentor Barnabas as an apostle. The restricted usage appears in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10269586", "chunk_text": "\"Saint Peter\"\nApostles\"\". Another title used for Peter is \"\"Coryphaeus\"\", which could be translated as \"\"Choir-director\"\", or lead singer. The church recognizes Apostle Peter's leadership role in the early church, especially in the very early days at Jerusalem, but does not consider him to have had any \"\"princely\"\" role over his fellow Apostles. The New Testament is not seen by the Orthodox as supporting any extraordinary authority for Peter with regard to faith or morals. The Orthodox also hold that Peter did not act as leader at the Council of Jerusalem, but as merely one of a number who spoke. The final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_142	which film won the oscar for best animated feature in 2007?	n/a	[ "Ratatouille" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161206", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nat the 81st Academy Awards, in which \"\"WALL-E\"\" won the award but was not nominated for Best Picture, despite receiving widespread acclaim from critics and audiences and being generally considered one of the best films of 2008. This led to controversy over whether the film was deliberately snubbed of the nomination by the Academy. Film critic Peter Travers commented that \"\"If there was ever a time where an animated feature deserved to be nominated for Best Picture, it's \"\"WALL-E\"\".\"\" However, official Academy Award regulations state that any movie nominated for this category can still be nominated for Best Picture. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8923077", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film\"\nGolden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film The Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film was awarded for the first time at the 64th Golden Globe Awards in 2007. It was the first time that the Golden Globe Awards had created a separate category for animated films since its establishment. The nominations are announced in January and an awards ceremony is held later in the month. Initially, only three films are nominated for best animated film, in contrast to five nominations for the majority of other awards. The Pixar film \"\"Cars\"\" was the first recipient of the award.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14788342", "chunk_text": "\"Brad Bird\"\nThis change was announced in March 2006 during a Disney shareholders meeting. The film was released in 2007, and was another critical and box office success for Bird. \"\"Ratatouille\"\" won the Best Animated Feature award at the 2008 Golden Globes; it was also nominated for 5 Academy Awards, including Best Animated Feature and Best Original Screenplay. On February 24, 2008, \"\"Ratatouille\"\" won Bird his second Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film. Bird has spoken passionately about animation as an art form. When Bird and producer John Walker recorded the Director's Commentary for \"\"The Incredibles\"\" DVD, he jokingly offered to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3337316", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\nPixar has won the most awards in this category with the current exceptions being \"\"\"\" in 2005, \"\"Happy Feet\"\" in 2006, \"\"Rango\"\" in 2011, \"\"Frozen\"\" in 2013, \"\"Big Hero 6\"\" in 2014, and \"\"Zootopia\"\" in 2016. In 2013, the March 7 issue of \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" magazine published the ballots of eight different Oscar voters in the Academy. Of those eight, four voters abstained in the Best Animated Feature category due to inadequate knowledge of the subject. They admitted to not having seen all of the nominations, one person stating \"\"that ended when I was 6.\"\" Such disregard for animated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8974120", "chunk_text": "Animation\nanimated motion picture was only instituted for the year 2001, and awarded during the 74th Academy Awards in 2002. It was won by the film \"\"Shrek\"\", produced by DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images. Disney/Pixar have produced the most films either to win or be nominated for the award. The list of both awards can be obtained here: Several other countries have instituted an award for best-animated feature film as part of their national film awards: Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Animation (since 2008), BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film (since 2006), César Award for Best Animated Film (since 2011),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161202", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nfor other categories, but have rarely been so; \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture. \"\"Up\"\" (2009) and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\" (2010) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees from five to ten. \"\"Waltz with Bashir\"\" (2008) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film (though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature). \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" (1993) and \"\"Kubo and the Two Strings\"\" (2016) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13762940", "chunk_text": "\"2000s in film\"\nHears a Who!\"\", \"\"Ice Age\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Kung Fu Panda\"\", \"\"The Incredibles\"\", \"\"Madagascar\"\", \"\"Meet the Robinsons\"\", \"\"Monsters vs. Aliens\"\", \"\"Monster House\"\", \"\"Open Season\"\", \"\"Over the Hedge\"\", \"\"The Polar Express\"\", \"\"Surf's Up\"\", \"\"Shark Tale\"\", \"\"Ratatouille\"\", \"\"Robots\"\", \"\"Up\"\" and \"\"WALL-E\"\". In addition, \"\"Up\"\" became the second animated feature ever to receive an Oscar nomination for The Best Picture. The list has more 2008 and 2007 films in the top 50 than any other year, each with eight. They are followed by 2009, 2005 and 2004, each with six. Figures are given in United States dollars (USD). According to \"\"They Shoot Pictures, Don't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809506", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\nlevel it had to be\"\". To maintain the separateness of Disney and Pixar (even though they share common ownership and senior management), it was outlined that each studio is to remain solely responsible for its own projects and is not allowed to borrow personnel from or lend tasks out to the other. In 2007, the studio released \"\"Meet the Robinsons\"\", which experienced a poor response at the box office despite the lukewarm critical and audience reception. The following film, 2008's \"\"Bolt\"\", had the best critical reception of any Disney animated feature since \"\"Lilo & Stitch\"\", and became a moderate success.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8923080", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film\"\nfilms qualify, the category will be limited to three nominations per year. Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film The Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film was awarded for the first time at the 64th Golden Globe Awards in 2007. It was the first time that the Golden Globe Awards had created a separate category for animated films since its establishment. The nominations are announced in January and an awards ceremony is held later in the month. Initially, only three films are nominated for best animated film, in contrast to five nominations for the majority of other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16114371", "chunk_text": "WALL-E\nan animated movie.\"\" \"\"WALL-E\"\" made a healthy appearance at the various 2008 end-of-the-year awards circles, particularly in the Best Picture category, where animated films are often overlooked. It has won the award, or the equivalent of it, from the Boston Society of Film Critics (tied with \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\"), the Chicago Film Critics Association, the Central Ohio Film Critics awards, the Online Film Critics Society, and most notably the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, where it became the first animated feature to win the prestigious award. It was named as one of 2008's ten best films by the American Film Institute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161209", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\n\"\"The Adventures of Tintin\"\", and how they might not be eligible in this category in the future. This rule was possibly made to prevent nominations of live-action films that rely heavily on motion capture, such as James Cameron's \"\"Avatar\"\". When the category was first instated, the nomination went to the person(s) most involved in creating the film. This could be the producer, the director, or both. For the 76th Academy Awards in 2003, only the director(s) of the film received the nomination. For the 86th Academy Awards ten years later, this was amended to include one producer and up to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809518", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\nMotion Picture Arts and Sciences introduced a new Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The three contenders for first honoree in this award were all CGI feature films: \"\"Shrek\"\", by DreamWorks, \"\"Monsters, Inc.\"\", by Disney and Pixar, and \"\"\"\", by Nickelodeon and Paramount. The award that year went to \"\"Shrek\"\". Films that year which were passed up included the acclaimed adult oriented film \"\"Waking Life\"\" and the photorealistic CGI film \"\"\"\". Hayao Miyazaki's critically acclaimed \"\"Spirited Away\"\" won the Oscar in 2002. Disney/Pixar's \"\"Finding Nemo\"\" received the 2003 award, defeating nominees \"\"The Triplets of Belleville\"\" and \"\"Brother Bear\"\". Since then,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13619854", "chunk_text": "\"Alessandro Pepe\"\nGolden Compass\"\", which later won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. After \"\"The Golden Compass\"\", he worked on \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" - which was nominated for 8 Academy Awards and eventually won two - and \"\"The Tale of Despereaux\"\". In the summer of 2008, Pepe joined DreamWorks Animation and moved to Los Angeles, where he currently lives and works. He has worked on \"\"Shrek Forever After\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", \"\"Rise of the Guardians\"\" and \"\"Turbo\"\" thereafter. Industry insiders jokingly refer to Pepe as the \"\"King Midas\"\" of special effects, since several of the movies he worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14314040", "chunk_text": "\"Ratatouille (film)\"\nincluding twice in the Best Animated Effects, where it lost to \"\"Surf's Up\"\", and three times in the Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production for Janeane Garofalo, Ian Holm, and Patton Oswalt, where Ian Holm won the award. It won the Best Animated Feature Award from multiple associations including the Chicago Film Critics, the National Board of Review, the Annie Awards, the Broadcast Film Critics, the British Academy of Film and Television (BAFTA), and the Golden Globes. \"\"If\"\" magazine described \"\"Ratatoing\"\", a 2007 Brazilian computer graphics cartoon by Vídeo Brinquedo, as a \"\"ripoff\"\" of \"\"Ratatouille\"\". Marco Aurélio Canônico", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14314039", "chunk_text": "\"Ratatouille (film)\"\nthe film held the record for the greatest number of Oscar nominations for a computer animated feature film, breaking the previous record held by \"\"Monsters, Inc.\"\", \"\"Finding Nemo\"\", and \"\"The Incredibles\"\" at four nominations, but tied with \"\"Aladdin\"\" for any animated film. In 2008, \"\"WALL-E\"\" surpassed that record with six nominations. As of 2013, \"\"Ratatouille\"\" is tied with \"\"Up\"\" and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\" for animated film with the second-greatest number of Oscar nominations. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" still holds the record for most Oscar nominations (also 6) for an animated feature film. Furthermore, \"\"Ratatouille\"\" was nominated for 13 Annie Awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3882413", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Buck\"\nlent his voice to Arnold, a little penguin from \"\"Surf's Up\"\", directed by his father. Director: Animation Department: Chris Buck Chris Buck (born February 24, 1958) is an American film director known for co-directing \"\"Tarzan\"\" (1999), \"\"Surf's Up\"\" (2007) (which was nominated for the 2007 Oscar for Best Animated Feature), and \"\"Frozen\"\" (2013) (which won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature in 2014). He also worked as a supervising animator on \"\"Home on the Range\"\" (2004) and \"\"Pocahontas\"\" (1995). A native of Wichita, Kansas, Buck was inspired to explore animation by the first film he ever saw in a movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120255", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\n2006. Warner Brothers had a major success in 2006 with the Oscar winning feature film, \"\"Happy Feet\"\", while Universal Studios attempted several times to become a viable participant in the market, finally achieving the goal in 2010 with \"\"Despicable Me\"\". STX Entertainment will offer Uglydolls in 2019. In spite of all its success, computer animation still relies on cartoon and stylized characters. 2001 saw the first attempt to create a fully animated world using photorealistic human actors in \"\"\"\", which met with moderate critical success but did not do well at the box office. In 2004, the live-action film \"\"Sky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18843146", "chunk_text": "Pixar\nfilms have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature since its inauguration in 2001, with nine winning; this includes \"\"Finding Nemo\"\" and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\", along with \"\"The Incredibles\"\" (2004), \"\"Ratatouille\"\" (2007), \"\"WALL-E\"\" (2008), \"\"Up\"\" (2009), \"\"Brave\"\" (2012), \"\"Inside Out\"\" (2015), and \"\"Coco\"\" (2017). \"\"Monsters, Inc.\"\" (2001) and \"\"Cars\"\" (2006) are the only two films that were nominated for the award without winning it, while \"\"Cars 2\"\" (2011), \"\"Monsters University\"\" (2013), \"\"The Good Dinosaur\"\" (2015), \"\"Finding Dory\"\" (2016), and \"\"Cars 3\"\" (2017), were not nominated. \"\"Up\"\" and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\" were also the respective second and third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161664", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Visual Effects\"\nwere no official nominations, but instead a special achievement given. To date, there have been two wholly Animated films nominated in this category: \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" in 1993 and \"\"Kubo and the Two Strings\"\" in 2016. There has been one semi-animated film nominated, which also won: \"\"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\"\" in 1988. Usually, there are three nominated films. In 1979, there were five films nominated. Sometimes, no award is given. Other times, a single film is given the award outright. In 2007, it was decided that a list of no more than 15 eligible films would be chosen, from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161211", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nStudio Ghibli), such as \"\"Your Name\"\", \"\"A Silent Voice\"\" and \"\"In This Corner of the World\"\", for example. In 2017, a new rule allowed any Academy voters to vote in the category regardless of background or connection to animation, which led to the nomination of \"\"The Boss Baby\"\", a decision that received significant criticism. The Academy Awards have also nominated a number of non-English language films. All films produced by Studio Ghibli. All the Japanese films on this list have also been released with English language dubbing. Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7480830", "chunk_text": "\"74th Academy Awards\"\nsignificant amount of animated characters, and be at least 75 percent animated in order to be qualified for consideration. A minimum of eight qualifying films must be released within the calendar year to permit a slate of three nominees. If the number of films exceeds twelve, the nominee roster increases to five. Prior to the introduction of this category, three Disney films (1937's \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\", 1988's \"\"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\"\", and 1995's \"\"Toy Story\"\") were all given Special Achievement Academy Awards. At the time of the nominations announcement on February 12, the combined gross of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8565162", "chunk_text": "\"35th Annie Awards\"\nfive films and TV series received multiple awards: 35th Annie Awards The 35th Annual Annie Awards, honoring the best in animation for 2007, was held on February 8, 2008, at UCLA's Royce Hall. This was the first change of venue for the awards in nine years, being held at the Alex Theatre in Glendale, California since 1998 until last year. \"\"Ratatouille\"\" was the biggest winner, taking nine awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). The following eighteen films", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120260", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\ntraditionally animated film, \"\"Home on the Range\"\". The film received mixed reviews and was not successful at the box office. After the failure of the film, Disney officially abandoned traditional animation altogether, and moved on to work on computer animated films starting with \"\"Chicken Little\"\" in 2005. In 2003, DreamWorks Animation also stopped working on traditional animated features after the domestic failure of \"\"\"\", and the studio moved on to only work on CGI features since then. However, the release of \"\"The Princess and the Frog\"\" and \"\"The Secret of Kells\"\" in 2009, both nominated for an Academy Award, marked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161207", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nhave been complaints that the Best Animated Feature award is held in unfairly low regard by Academy members with many members refusing to vote for films they consider mere children's fare beneath them, or letting their own children see the films and go with their opinions instead. The dominance of Disney and Pixar allegedly as a result of this bias is suggested to be injuring the credibility of the award. In 2009, when the nominee slots for Best Picture were doubled to ten, \"\"Up\"\" was nominated for both Best Animated Feature and Best Picture at the 82nd Academy Awards, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120261", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\na renewed interest in traditional animation. In the same year, \"\"Coraline\"\" and Wes Anderson's \"\"Fantastic Mr. Fox\"\" (also Academy Award nominated) renewed interest in stop motion animation. However, in 2011, Disney's \"\"Winnie the Pooh\"\", while critically acclaimed, was only a moderate success in the box office, and as of now, there are no traditionally animated films planned for Walt Disney Animation Studios for the foreseeable future. Today, traditionally animated feature films are rare in America, but is still widespread all around the world, from Europe to Japan. In recent years, there are some traditional animated features released later in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161203", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nFor much of the Academy Awards' history, AMPAS was resistant to the idea of a regular Oscar for animated features, considering there were simply too few produced to justify such consideration. Instead, the Academy occasionally bestowed special Oscars for exceptional productions, usually for Walt Disney Pictures, such as for \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\" in 1938, and the Special Achievement Academy Award for the live action/animated hybrid \"\"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\"\" in 1989 and \"\"Toy Story\"\" in 1996. In fact, prior to the creation of the award, only one animated film was nominated for Best Picture: 1991's \"\"Beauty and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16114369", "chunk_text": "WALL-E\nfor Best Animated Feature and was nominated for Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Score, Best Original Song, Sound Editing, and Sound Mixing at the 81st Academy Awards, which it lost to \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" (Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing), \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (Sound Editing), and \"\"Milk\"\" (Original Screenplay). Walt Disney Pictures also pushed for an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination, but it was not nominated, provoking controversy as to whether the Academy deliberately restricted \"\"WALL-E\"\" to the Best Animated Feature category. Peter Travers commented that \"\"If there was ever a time where an animated feature deserved to be nominated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11815437", "chunk_text": "\"History of anime\"\nlevels of success. This era also saw the rise of anime-influenced animation, most notably \"\"\"\" and its sequel \"\"The Legend of Korra\"\", \"\"Ben 10\"\", \"\"Chaotic\"\", \"\"Samurai Jack\"\", \"\"The Boondocks\"\", \"\"RWBY\"\" and \"\"Teen Titans\"\". At the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, \"\"\"\", directed by Mamoru Oshii, was in competition for the Palme d'Or and in 2006, at the 78th Academy Awards, \"\"Howl's Moving Castle\"\", another Studio Ghibli-produced film directed by Hayao Miyazaki, was nominated for Best Animated Feature. \"\"5 Centimeters Per Second\"\", directed by Makoto Shinkai, won the inaugural Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Animated Feature Film in 2007, and so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17797659", "chunk_text": "\"Animal Logic\"\nFlying Daggers\"\", \"\"Planet of the Apes\"\", \"\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\"\", \"\"World Trade Center\"\", \"\"Fool's Gold\"\", \"\"300\"\", \"\"Knowing\"\", \"\"Australia\"\", \"\"Sucker Punch\"\" and most recently \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\". In 2002, Animal Logic began work on its first computer-animated feature film, the Academy Award-winning \"\"Happy Feet\"\", for director George Miller. Released in the United States on 17 November 2006, the project saw the company expand significantly, recruiting up to 300 artists and technicians from Australia and around the world. \"\"Happy Feet\"\", which was the first computer animated feature film produced in Australia, went on to win the Academy Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161208", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nfirst film to do so since the creation of the Animated Feature category. This feat was repeated the following year by \"\"Toy Story 3\"\". Since 2010 onward, with the increasing competitiveness of the Animated Feature category, Pixar (a perennial nominee) did not receive nominations for several recent films considering the studio has released films of more mixed critical reaction and box office earnings, while Pixar's sister studio Disney Animation won their first three awards. In 2010, the Academy enacted a new rule regarding the motion capture technique employed in films such as Robert Zemeckis' \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" and Steven Spielberg's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7460965", "chunk_text": "\"Sony Pictures Animation\"\nfirst feature film was \"\"Open Season\"\", released in September 2006, which became Sony's second-highest-grossing home entertainment film in 2007 and spawned three direct-to-video sequels. Its second feature film, \"\"Surf's Up\"\" was released in June 2007, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, and won two Annie Awards. A motion-captured animated film, \"\"Neanderthals\"\", written and produced by Jon Favreau, was cancelled sometime in 2008, after four years in development. SPA's first 3D movie since the IMAX 3D release of \"\"Open Season\"\", \"\"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\"\", was released in September 2009, and was nominated for four Annie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8565161", "chunk_text": "\"35th Annie Awards\"\n35th Annie Awards The 35th Annual Annie Awards, honoring the best in animation for 2007, was held on February 8, 2008, at UCLA's Royce Hall. This was the first change of venue for the awards in nine years, being held at the Alex Theatre in Glendale, California since 1998 until last year. \"\"Ratatouille\"\" was the biggest winner, taking nine awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger (). The following eighteen films and TV series received multiple nominations: The following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3882407", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Buck\"\nChris Buck Chris Buck (born February 24, 1958) is an American film director known for co-directing \"\"Tarzan\"\" (1999), \"\"Surf's Up\"\" (2007) (which was nominated for the 2007 Oscar for Best Animated Feature), and \"\"Frozen\"\" (2013) (which won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature in 2014). He also worked as a supervising animator on \"\"Home on the Range\"\" (2004) and \"\"Pocahontas\"\" (1995). A native of Wichita, Kansas, Buck was inspired to explore animation by the first film he ever saw in a movie theatre as a child: Disney's \"\"Pinocchio\"\". His family eventually moved to Placentia, California, where he graduated from El", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12945847", "chunk_text": "WALL-E\nand the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. It won Best Animated Feature Film at the 66th Golden Globe Awards, 81st Academy Awards, and the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2008. It was nominated for several awards at the 2009 Annie Awards, including Best Feature Film, Animated Effects, Character Animation, Direction, Production design, Storyboarding and Voice acting (for Ben Burtt); but was beaten out by \"\"Kung Fu Panda\"\" in every category. It won Best Animated Feature at the 62nd British Academy Film Awards and was also nominated there for Best Music and Sound. Thomas Newman and Peter Gabriel won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120254", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\nfirst film from Walt Disney Animation Studios to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film. They also had critical and commercial success with Oscar winner \"\"Big Hero 6\"\", \"\"Zootopia\"\" and \"\"Moana\"\" alongside (following in Pixar's footsteps) their own animated shorts \"\"Feast\"\" and \"\"Paperman\"\"; the latter shown before \"\"Wreck It Ralph\"\". Other studios attempted to get into the CGI game. After ending its relationship with Don Bluth, 20th Century Fox released a hugely successful CGI-animated feature in early 2002 entitled \"\"Ice Age\"\". Also in 2002, Paramount offered \"\"\"\", TWC offered \"\"Hoodwinked!\"\" in 2005, and Columbia produced \"\"Open Season\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13740377", "chunk_text": "\"Children's film\"\nthe \"\"Ice Age\"\" film series (2002–present), \"\"Shark Tale\"\" (2004), \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"\" (2005), \"\"The Chronicles of Narnia\"\" film series (2005–10), \"\"Cars\"\" (2006), and \"\"Happy Feet\"\" (2006). Significant Pixar computer animated films of the decade were: \"\"Finding Nemo\"\" (2003), \"\"The Incredibles\"\" (2004), \"\"Wall-E\"\" (2008), and \"\"Up\"\" (2009). While significant DreamWorks computer animated films of the decade were: the Shrek film series (2001–10), \"\"Madagascar\"\" (2005) and its sequel \"\"\"\" (2008), and \"\"Kung Fu Panda\"\" (2008), So far, in the 2010s, live-action family films include \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" (2010), and \"\"Hugo\"\" (2011), directed by Martin Scorsese. Animated films in this genre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12389203", "chunk_text": "\"Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year\"\nhighest box-office record ever in the history of Japanese cinema, which dominated the other major film prizes (\"\"See\"\": Awards). As a result, at the 21st Japan Academy Prize that year, Studio Ghibli's \"\"Princess Mononoke\"\" became the first-ever animation film to be nominated for and win the Japan Academy Prize Picture of the Year. Yoshiyuki Tomino, famed for \"\"Gundam\"\", mentioned it: \"\"A hole that Hayao Miyazaki made spending ten years\"\". In 2002, at the 25th Japan Academy Prize, another animated film by Hayao Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli, \"\"Spirited Away\"\", was again nominated and won the Picture of the Year. In 2007,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8824161", "chunk_text": "\"Motion capture\"\nSerkis into the computer generated skin of Gollum / Smeagol as it was being performed. Out of the three nominees for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, two of the nominees (\"\"Monster House\"\" and the winner \"\"Happy Feet\"\") used motion capture, and only Disney·Pixar's \"\"Cars\"\" was animated without motion capture. In the ending credits of Pixar's film \"\"Ratatouille\"\", a stamp appears labelling the film as \"\"100% Pure Animation – No Motion Capture!\"\" Since 2001, motion capture is being used extensively to produce films which attempt to simulate or approximate the look of live-action cinema, with nearly photorealistic digital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344601", "chunk_text": "\"81st Academy Awards\"\nmillion), and finally \"\"The Reader\"\" ($8.3 million). Among the rest of the top 50 releases of 2008 in U.S. box office before the nominations, 33 nominations went to nine films on the list. Only \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (1st), \"\"WALL-E\"\" (5th), \"\"Kung Fu Panda\"\" (6th), \"\"Bolt\"\" (19th), \"\"Tropic Thunder\"\" (20th), and \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (21st) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, Best Picture or Animated Feature. The other top-50 box office hits that earned nominations were \"\"Iron Man\"\" (2nd), \"\"Wanted\"\" (16th), and \"\"Hellboy II: The Golden Army\"\" (41st). Shortly after the voting polls were closed for the awards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4903237", "chunk_text": "\"Bolt (2008 film)\"\nas well as the first computer-animated feature film to implement non-photorealistic rendering. The film was nominated for a series of awards, such as the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. A White Shepherd puppy named Bolt is adopted by a seven-year-old girl named Penny. Five years later, Bolt and Penny star in a hit television series called \"\"Bolt\"\", in which Bolt uses various superpowers to protect Penny from the villain. To gain a more realistic performance, the show's producers have deceived Bolt his entire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "587215", "chunk_text": "\"75th Academy Awards\"\n\"\"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers\"\" (2nd), \"\"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\"\" (5th), \"\"Ice Age\"\" (9th), \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" (11th), \"\"Lilo & Stitch\"\" (13th), \"\"Road to Perdition\"\" (23rd), \"\"Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron\"\" (35th), \"\"Gangs of New York\"\" (37th), and \"\"Chicago\"\" (41st) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature, or any of the directing, acting, or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were \"\"Spider-Man\"\" (1st), \"\"Star Wars: Episode II: Attack of the Clones\"\" (3rd), \"\"Minority Report\"\" (16th), \"\"8 Mile\"\" (22nd), and \"\"The Time Machine\"\" (44th). Shortly after winning the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16114289", "chunk_text": "WALL-E\nwas paired with a short film titled \"\"Presto\"\" for its theatrical release. \"\"WALL-E\"\" was released in the United States on June 27, 2008. The film was an instant blockbuster, grossing $533.3 million worldwide over a $180 million budget, and winning the 2008 Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, the 2009 Hugo Award for Best Long Form Dramatic Presentation, the final Nebula Award for Best Script, the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film and the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature with five nominations. It is considered by many fans and critics as the best film of 2008. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161210", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\ntwo directors. In recent years, the category has received criticism for its nominees and snubs, with Academy voters occasionally being accused of ignorance about the animation medium. Anonymous interviews with a selection of Academy voters in 2014 and 2015 revealed indifference towards the animation category, treating animation as being for children, and ignorance about foreign animations; one Academy voter, for example, referred to the Japanese \"\"Tale of the Princess Kaguya\"\" and the Irish \"\"Song of the Sea\"\" as \"\"freakin’ Chinese fuckin’ things that nobody ever freakin’ saw\"\". The category has been criticised for frequently snubbing critically-acclaimed Japanese animations (not from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3940952", "chunk_text": "Animation\nof cultural representation, psychological effects on children have been brought up around the animation industry, which has remained rather politically unchanged and stagnant since its inception into mainstream culture. As with any other form of media, animation too has instituted awards for excellence in the field. The original awards for animation were presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for animated shorts from the year 1932, during the 5th Academy Awards function. The first winner of the Academy Award was the short \"\"Flowers and Trees\"\", a production by Walt Disney Productions. The Academy Award for a feature-length", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8407156", "chunk_text": "\"A Computer Animated Hand\"\nit was renamed Pixar. Pixar produced the world's first computer-animated feature film, \"\"Toy Story\"\", in 1995, and has since become the world's dominant animation studio, producing a string of immensely commercially and critically successful films. Catmull has won four Academy Awards for his technical feats and helped create some of the key computer-generated imagery software animators rely on today. The film has been labeled a landmark, being called revolutionary in both the art of animation and film. Craig Caldwell, senior research professor at the University of Utah, stated in 2011 that the film is groundbreaking because \"\"it showed the potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161205", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Animated Feature\"\nindustry and fans expressed hope that the prestige from this award and the resulting boost to the box office would encourage the increased production of animated features. Some members and fans have criticized the award, however, saying it is only intended to prevent animated films from having a chance of winning Best Picture. DreamWorks had advertised heavily during the holiday 2001 season for \"\"Shrek\"\", but was disappointed when the rumored Best Picture nomination did not materialize, though it was nominated for and ended up winning the inaugural Best Animated Feature award. The criticism of Best Animated Feature was particularly prominent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809503", "chunk_text": "\"Modern animation in the United States\"\nthe studio naturally became interested in animation. Its first film, \"\"Antz\"\", did not do as well as the Disney-Pixar releases but was a critical success. However, DreamWorks succeeded in its partnership with the British stop motion animation studio Aardman Animations with \"\"Chicken Run\"\" in 2000, and later the Oscar-winning \"\"\"\" in 2006. Furthermore, DreamWorks finally had their own success in 2001 with the computer animated feature film \"\"Shrek\"\", a gigantic box-office hit that overpowered Disney's summer release for that year, \"\"\"\". \"\"Shrek\"\" established DreamWorks as Disney's first major competitor in feature-film animation. DreamWorks' commercial success continued with three \"\"Shrek\"\" sequels,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12360779", "chunk_text": "\"Toy Story\"\nanimated film of all time. In 2007, the Visual Effects Society named the film 22nd in its list of the \"\"Top 50 Most Influential Visual Effects Films of All Time\"\". The film is ranked 99th on the AFI's list of the \"\"100 greatest American Films of All-Time\"\". It was one of the only two animated films on that list, the other being \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\" (1937). It was also the sixth best in the animation genre on AFI's 10 Top 10. Director Terry Gilliam would praise the film as \"\"a work of genius. It got people to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7631067", "chunk_text": "\"Adult animation\"\nadult animated series. Animated films portraying serious stories began to regain notice from mainstream audiences in the beginning of the 21st century. \"\"Persepolis\"\", a 2007 adaptation of Marjane Satrapi's autobiographical graphic novel, won the Jury Prize at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was later nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The Iranian government protested the film's inclusion in the Festival, but later allowed the film to be screened in a censored version, which altered the film's sexual content. The 2008 Israeli film \"\"Waltz with Bashir\"\", an animated documentary involving the 1982 Lebanon War, was nominated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14911985", "chunk_text": "GKIDS\nnomination was followed by two more Best Animated Feature nominations at the 84th Academy Awards, Spanish-language \"\"Chico and Rita\"\" and French-language \"\"A Cat in Paris\"\". Both nominations were considered highly surprising by film insiders, beating out such notables as \"\"The Adventures of Tintin\"\" and \"\"Cars 2\"\"—the first eligible Pixar film not to be nominated since the category's founding. This marked the first time that an independent distributor had two films in the Best Animated Feature category in the same year, a decision which \"\"Puss in Boots\"\" director Chris Miller said indicated the Academy's \"\"respect for diversity.\"\" In September 2011, GKIDS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_143	who played daisy duke in the new dukes of hazzard?	n/a	[ "Jessica Simpson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17822698", "chunk_text": "\"Catherine Bach\"\nCatherine Bach Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\" and Margo Dutton in \"\"African Skies\"\". In 2012, she joined the cast of the CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" as Anita Lawson. Bach was born in Warren, Ohio, the daughter of Norma Jean Kucera (née Verdugo), an acupuncturist, and Bernard Bachman, a rancher. Her mother was of Mexican descent and her father was of German ancestry. She is descended from the Verdugo family, one of California's earliest landed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17822703", "chunk_text": "\"Catherine Bach\"\nRestless\"\" in the recurring role of Anita Lawson. In 2002, Bach launched a line of diamond jewelery at Debenhams. Bach married David Shaw (step-son of Angela Lansbury) in 1976; the couple divorced in 1981. Bach married entertainment lawyer Peter Lopez in August 1990. They had two daughters, Sophia and Laura. On April 30, 2010, 60-year-old Lopez was found shot dead in an apparent suicide. Catherine Bach Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\" and Margo Dutton in \"\"African Skies\"\". In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20121457", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Duke\"\ndoes not dress particularly attractively. She wears large flannel shirts, jeans, big glasses, and her hair in a bun. To get a job as a waitress at the Boar's Nest and to attract Hughie Hogg (Boss's nephew), she decides to change her look. She goes through several outfits before finally settling on her signature look. She is also a brunette in this movie. Daisy is played by April Scott. Daisy Duke Daisy Duke is a fictional character, played by Catherine Bach, from the American television series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\". She is the cousin of Bo and Luke, the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20121455", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Duke\"\nDaisy Duke for a poster, which sold 5 million copies. The poster created unexpected admiration from Nancy Reagan and other staff after Bach visited, then sent a copy to one of her former schoolteachers employed in the White House. In the 2005 feature film \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", Daisy Duke is portrayed by Jessica Simpson. Film critics commended Simpson on her performance, but claimed that her portrayal had little in common with the character Catherine Bach created, and that she was merely cast because of her celebrity status. Daisy's costume was slightly modified for the film to make her more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293246", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard (film)\"\nin the original series, filed suit in late July 2011 over royalties he was contracted to receive over spinoffs that \"\"used his identity\"\". Ben Jones, who played Cooter Davenport in the original series, criticized the film for its emphasis on sexual content, suggesting that the original series was more family-oriented and not as sexualized. He called for fans of the television series to boycott the film \"\"unless they clean it up before the August 5th release date.\"\" Some have countered that the original series also contained sexual themes, primarily Catherine Bach's (Daisy Duke) much-displayed \"\"short shorts\"\" (which have become so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293233", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard (film)\"\nThe Dukes of Hazzard (film) The Dukes of Hazzard is a 2005 American buddy comedy road film based on the television series, \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\". The film was directed by Jay Chandrasekhar and released on August 5, 2005, by Warner Bros. Pictures. As in the television series, the film depicts the adventures of cousins Bo, Luke, and Daisy, and their Uncle Jesse, as they outfox crooked Hazzard County Commissioner Boss Hogg and Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane. The film was the acting debut of pop singer Jessica Simpson. While financially successful, the film met with negative reviews from critics. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20121441", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Duke\"\nDaisy Duke Daisy Duke is a fictional character, played by Catherine Bach, from the American television series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\". She is the cousin of Bo and Luke, the main protagonists of the show, and the three live on a farm on the outskirts of Hazzard County with their Uncle Jesse. Although never mentioned in the series itself, some press material for the show suggests that Daisy's parents, along with Bo and Luke's, were killed in a car accident. However, in the , Daisy says her mother died when she was a baby. Daisy frequently becomes involved in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4358141", "chunk_text": "\"April Scott\"\nBusch Light, and The Showbiz Show with David Spade. Scott's acting career includes shows such as \"\"Entourage\"\", \"\"The Shield\"\", \"\"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\"\", \"\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\"\",and \"\"CSI: Miami\"\". She also hosted Ripe TV, Octane TV, and ESPN2's, \"\"The Hook\"\", where she interviewed extreme sports athletes. In 2006, she became a model on NBC's hit game show, \"\"Deal or No Deal\"\". July 2006 she was cast in the film \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning\"\" as Daisy Duke (previously portrayed by Jessica Simpson in 2004 and Catherine Bach in the original series). The film was released in March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2715161", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out\"\nmultiplayer option is also available, in which players can compete against each other in a variety of game modes. Other vehicles, including Jesse's truck, can be selected during multiplayer mode. \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard II: Daisy Dukes It Out\"\" was developed by Sinister Games, using an updated version of its predecessor's game engine. Many actors from the television series provided their voices to their respective characters in the game: John Schneider (Bo Duke), Tom Wopat (Luke Duke), Catherine Bach (Daisy Duke), James Best (Rosco), Sonny Shroyer (Enos), Ben Jones (Cooter Davenport), and Waylon Jennings (The Balladeer). The game received \"\"mixed\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14123972", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Greczyn\"\non another ABC Family show \"\"The Lying Game\"\", as Madeline \"\"Mads\"\" Rybak. Since 2014, Greczyn has been in a relationship with actor Grey Damon. Alice Greczyn Alice Hannah Meiqui Greczyn (born February 6, 1986) is an American actress and model best known for roles in the films \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", \"\"Shrooms\"\", \"\"House of Fears\"\" and \"\"Sex Drive\"\". She is also well known as Sage Lund in \"\"Lincoln Heights\"\", and as Madeline \"\"Mads\"\" Rybak in \"\"The Lying Game\"\". Greczyn was born in Walnut Creek, California and lives in Hollywood, California. She is the oldest of five children. As a child,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14376063", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\nwho live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia, with their attractive female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed \"\"(The) General Lee\"\", evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy(s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of the various escapades and incidents that often occur in the area. Bo and Luke had previously been sentenced to probation for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19478847", "chunk_text": "\"Simone Griffeth\"\ndone guest spots on are \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\", \"\"The Six Million Dollar Man\"\", \"\"Starsky and Hutch\"\", \"\"The Incredible Hulk\"\", \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", \"\"Three's Company\"\", \"\"The Greatest American Hero\"\", \"\"Hart to Hart\"\", \"\"Buffalo Bill\"\", \"\"T.J. Hooker\"\", \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", \"\"Riptide\"\", \"\"The Golden Girls\"\", \"\"Bret Maverick\"\" and \"\"Silk Stalkings\"\". Currently, while between acting jobs, she works as a real estate agent for high-end Low Country properties, together with husband Wayne McDonald. Simone Griffeth Simone Griffeth (born April 4, 1950), sometimes credited under her married name Simone Griffeth-McDonald, is an American actress. She was a Theater Arts major at the University of South Carolina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14123969", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Greczyn\"\nAlice Greczyn Alice Hannah Meiqui Greczyn (born February 6, 1986) is an American actress and model best known for roles in the films \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", \"\"Shrooms\"\", \"\"House of Fears\"\" and \"\"Sex Drive\"\". She is also well known as Sage Lund in \"\"Lincoln Heights\"\", and as Madeline \"\"Mads\"\" Rybak in \"\"The Lying Game\"\". Greczyn was born in Walnut Creek, California and lives in Hollywood, California. She is the oldest of five children. As a child, Greczyn competed in figure skating. She was home-schooled in Colorado, graduated early from high school, and started taking classes at Front Range Community College", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4076846", "chunk_text": "\"John Schneider (screen actor)\"\nJohn Schneider (screen actor) John Richard Schneider (born April 8, 1960) is an American actor and country music singer. He is best known for his portrayal of Beauregard \"\"Bo\"\" Duke in the American television action/comedy series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", (opposite Tom Wopat, Catherine Bach and James Best), Jonathan Kent in the 2001–11 TV series \"\"Smallville\"\" (an adaptation of \"\"Superman\"\"), and James \"\"Jim\"\" Cryer on the television series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\", created by Tyler Perry. Alongside his acting career, Schneider has been a singer since the early 1980s, releasing nine studio albums and a greatest hits package,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293245", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard (film)\"\nof Nancy Sinatra's \"\"These Boots Are Made For Walkin'\"\". The film was nominated for two MTV Movie Awards, including Best On-Screen Team (Johnny Knoxville, Seann William Scott, and Jessica Simpson), and Sexiest Performance (Jessica Simpson). Simpson won the Choice Breakout Female award for her role in the film at the Teen Choice Awards. Before the release of this film, Warner Bros. reportedly paid $17.5 million to the producer of \"\"Moonrunners\"\", the movie that inspired the television series. This was soon followed by a claim from screenwriter Gy Waldron. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" reported that James Best, who portrayed Rosco P. Coltrane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16254178", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Wopat\"\nTom Wopat Thomas Steven Wopat (born September 9, 1951) is an American actor and singer. He first achieved fame as Lucas K. \"\"Luke\"\" Duke on the long-running television action/comedy series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\". Since then, Wopat has worked regularly, most often on the stage in musicals and in supporting television and movie roles. He was a semi-regular guest on the 1990s comedy series \"\"Cybill\"\", and had a small role as U.S. Marshal Gil Tatum in \"\"Django Unchained\"\" (2012). Wopat also has a recurring role as Sheriff Jim Wilkins on the television series \"\"Longmire\"\". Additionally, Wopat has recorded several albums", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14770592", "chunk_text": "\"Byron Cherry\"\nByron Cherry Byron Cherry (born April 17, 1955 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an actor. He portrayed Coy Duke, one of the new Duke Boys, in the 1982–1983 season of \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\" for the first 19 episodes of season 5. In 1978, Cherry, along with longtime friend John Schneider, auditioned for the part of Bo Duke on the upcoming \"\"Dukes of Hazzard\"\". Schneider ended up winning the part, to which he found much success. A few years later, due to merchandising conflicts, Schneider and co-star Tom Wopat walked out on the show, and Cherry, along with Christopher Mayer, were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20336767", "chunk_text": "\"Sophie McShera\"\nSophie McShera Sophie McShera (born 1985) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Ros McCain in the fifth series of the BBC television series \"\"Waterloo Road\"\", as Daisy Mason in the ITV television series \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", and as Drizella Tremaine in the 2015 Disney film \"\"Cinderella\"\". McShera was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, into a large Irish family. Her mother is a teacher and her father is a teacher turned financial adviser. At an early age, her family moved to nearby Eccleshill, West Yorkshire, also in Bradford, where she attended St Joseph's College. After high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1218234", "chunk_text": "\"Driving Miss Daisy (2014 film)\"\nDriving Miss Daisy (2014 film) Driving Miss Daisy is a filmed performance of the 2013 Australian theatrical production of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name by Alfred Uhry starring Angela Lansbury, James Earl Jones and Boyd Gaines which was produced as a 2014 film by Broadway Near You (United States) in association with Umbrella Entertainment (Australia). Miss Daisy Werthan (Angela Lansbury) is a widowed, 72-year-old Jewish woman living in mid-century Atlanta who is deemed too old to drive by her son Boolie (Boyd Gaines). He then hires Hoke, an African-American man (James Earl Jones) to serve as her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109113", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Padgett\"\nEmily Padgett Emily Padgett (born September 20, 1984) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is known for her work on Broadway as Daisy Hilton in \"\"Side Show\"\" and Sherrie Christian in \"\"Rock of Ages\"\", as well as for originating the roles of Lucy Grant in Steve Martin and Edie Brickell's \"\"Bright Star\"\", and Mrs. Bucket in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Padgett was born in Danbury, Connecticut, but moved to Lewisville, North Carolina in 1986 when she was two. Her love for musical theatre started at an early age when her parents would go to New York City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8982097", "chunk_text": "\"Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)\"\nand his late father. Along with Willie Nelson and Ben L. Jones (Cooter on the series), Waylon Jennings sang the song in an extended version. Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song while driving The General Lee for their album \"\"The Chipmunks Go Hollywood\"\" (1982). In 2006, John Schneider (Bo Duke), Tom Wopat (Luke Duke), and Catherine Bach (Daisy Duke) made a music video, as seen on the 7th Season DVD of the series. Schneider also covered the song. In \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\" film adaptation (2005), a recording of Waylon Jennings was used in one scene, also, as heard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15645190", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal R. Fox\"\nCrystal R. Fox Crystal R. Fox (born October 14, 1965) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (2013–present). Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning comedy-drama film \"\"Driving Miss Daisy\"\" (1989) starring Morgan Freeman and Jessica Tandy. She later joined the cast of NBC police drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20121453", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Duke\"\ncertain storylines occasionally call for her to drive the General Lee. Daisy Duke is both the main female protagonist and the sex symbol on \"\"Dukes of Hazzard\"\". In two episodes Daisy wears a red bikini to distract Cletus and a truck driver. She appears numerous times wearing short, tight denim shorts, which later became colloquially known as \"\"Daisy Dukes\"\". The network censors believed that Daisy's famous cut-off shorts alone would be too revealing. The shorts were so short that the only way the producers could get them on air was for Catherine Bach to wear flesh-colored pantyhose with them to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5749701", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\nbut Wopat and Schneider convinced her to stay, insisting that if she left then there might not be a show to come back to, and that settling the issue was up to them. Production was pushed back by a few weeks as fairly similar looking replacements were subsequently, hastily hired: Byron Cherry as Coy Duke and Christopher Mayer as Vance Duke. Bo and Luke were said to have gone to race on the NASCAR circuit; how they managed to do this, bearing in mind the terms of their probation, was never explained. Cherry and Mayer were originally contracted at just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4076869", "chunk_text": "\"John Schneider (screen actor)\"\ninnocent\"\" treatment he received in the court system. However, he still has to do 240 hours of community service and pay the debt to Elvira, or else he would face an imprisonment of five years. John Schneider (screen actor) John Richard Schneider (born April 8, 1960) is an American actor and country music singer. He is best known for his portrayal of Beauregard \"\"Bo\"\" Duke in the American television action/comedy series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", (opposite Tom Wopat, Catherine Bach and James Best), Jonathan Kent in the 2001–11 TV series \"\"Smallville\"\" (an adaptation of \"\"Superman\"\"), and James \"\"Jim\"\" Cryer on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8463030", "chunk_text": "\"Madisen Beaty\"\nand Luke Wilson in the Western thriller \"\"Outlaws and Angels\"\". In 2018, Beaty joined the cast of Quinten Tarantino’s “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood”. Madisen Beaty Madisen Beaty (born February 28, 1995) is an American actress, known for her roles as Daisy Fuller in \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008), Doris Solstad in \"\"The Master\"\" (2012), Rebeccah Mulcahey in \"\"Other People\"\" (2016), and as Talya Banks in the ABC Family series \"\"The Fosters\"\" (2013–present). Beaty was born in Centennial, Colorado. In 2008, she made her feature film debut portraying Daisy Fuller in the drama film \"\"The Curious Case", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9260079", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Miller\"\nPeter Bogdanovich, with Cybill Shepherd as Daisy, Barry Brown as Frederick Winterbourne, Cloris Leachman as Mrs. Ezra Miller, Duilio Del Prete as Mr. Giovanelli, and Eileen Brennan as Mrs. Walker. Frederick Raphael wrote the script; the film follows the structure of the original story without significant changes, and even uses portions of James' dialogue from the novel. A rap adaptation of \"\"Daisy Miller\"\" appears on Heavy Jamal's album \"\"Shining Sky Lobster\"\". The novella was adapted in 2017 as a five-part radio drama on BBC Radio 4 for its 15 Minute Drama's \"\"Love Henry James\"\" series. Daisy Miller Daisy Miller is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8929926", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Jones (American actor and politician)\"\nBen Jones (American actor and politician) Ben Lewis Jones (born August 30, 1941) is an American actor, politician, playwright and essayist, best known for his role as Cooter Davenport in \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\". Jones also served for four years in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1989 to January 3, 1993. Jones is a 1959 graduate of Woodrow Wilson High School in Portsmouth, Virginia and attended the University of North Carolina for four years. He is married to Alma Viator. By previous wives, Ben has a daughter, Rachel, and a son, Walker. Since the 1990s, Jones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3980643", "chunk_text": "\"Sheree J. Wilson\"\ntelevision series \"\"Pink\"\" (2007-2008) and had a guest role in the television series \"\"DeVanity\"\" (2014). She played a major role in the television movie \"\"Christmas Belle\"\" (2013). In 2016, Wilson began performing in the role of Miss Daisy Werthan in the Neil Simon Film Festival's \"\"Driving Miss Daisy\"\" opposite her former \"\"Walker, Texas Ranger\"\" co-star, Clarence Gilyard. Wilson was married to Paul DeRobbio from 1991 to 2004 with whom she has two sons; Luke and Nicolas. She married film producer Vince Morella in 2018. Wilson has been active in the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Trail of Tears Remembrance Motorcycle Ride,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10654578", "chunk_text": "\"Karen Summer\"\nKaren Summer Karen Summer (born July 22, 1962) is an American pornographic actress. Summer was raised in Tarzana and Encino, Los Angeles. She worked as an extra, photo double, stand-in, and production assistant in the mainstream entertainment industry prior to working in porn. She worked on \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\" for three years when she was between the ages of 18 and 20. Summer was introduced to the adult film industry by Jim South, whom she met at an El Torito. She did her first nude photo shoot with Bobby Hollander in the summer of 1982, four days before her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10402332", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Ridley\"\nDaisy Ridley Daisy Jazz Isobel Ridley (born 10 April 1992) is an English actress. Born in Westminster and brought up in Maida Vale, Ridley trained in drama at the Tring Park School for the Performing Arts. She began acting in minor guest roles on television and in short films, making her film debut in the independent horror film \"\"Scrawl\"\" (2015). She rose to international prominence for playing the lead role of Rey in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" sequel trilogy, starring in \"\"\"\" (2015) and \"\"\"\" (2017). She is also known for her performance of Mary Debenham in \"\"Murder on the Orient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10169221", "chunk_text": "\"Camille Guaty\"\nCamille Guaty Camille Guaty (born June 28, 1976) is an American film and television actress. She is known for several roles: as Daisy in \"\"Gotta Kick It Up!\"\" (2002), for playing Maricruz Delgado, Sucre's girlfriend, in \"\"Prison Break\"\" (2005–07) and as Walter O'Brien's sister, Megan, a recurring role on the CBS series \"\"Scorpion\"\" (2014–15). Guaty was born in California of Cuban and Puerto Rican descent. Her mother's side of the family is originally from the Canary Islands. She attended a summer program at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and studied at Boston University. She has lived in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4076867", "chunk_text": "\"John Schneider (screen actor)\"\nhis second wife, Elvira Castle, on July 11, 1993. On December 12, 2014, TMZ.com reported that Castle had filed for divorce., which, as of September 5, 2018, is still pending. They have three children, Leah and Chasen (born 1991), both of whom are Castle's children from her first marriage, and their daughter Karis. Since April 2015 Schneider has been in a relationship with Alicia Allain, his producing partner and owner of Maven Entertainment. Alicia is also his personal and professional manager. Schneider was good friends with James Best, who played Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane in \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13905625", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy McCrackin\"\nalert police after being driven back to her home. The defendants are expected to appear in court on 23 July 2018 for a pre-trial hearing. All three face life in prison if convicted. Daisy McCrackin Daisy McCrackin (born November 12, 1981) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. McCrackin made her film debut in the 2001 straight-to-video movie \"\"A Crack in the Floor\"\" co-starring Mario Lopez. Since then she has appeared in television series such as \"\"Cold Case\"\", \"\"Angel\"\" and \"\"The Division\"\" and movies such as \"\"Hollywood Horror\"\", \"\"3000 Miles to Graceland\"\", \"\"\"\" and starred in the controversial film \"\"Love and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3609772", "chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up Appearances\"\nFifth Avenue Presbyterian Church Theater Fellowship/Jones Auditorium. Culver directed an additional production of this adaptation with performances on 5 August 2017 and 6 August 2017 at Saint Luke's Episcopal Church in Forest Hills, Queens. In 2015, it was announced that a prequel to the series entitled \"\"Young Hyacinth\"\" would be made, following a 19-year-old Hyacinth Bucket during the early postwar years and set some forty years before the events of \"\"Keeping Up Appearances\"\". The cast were announced on 11 April 2016. Hyacinth was played by Kerry Howard; Rose by Katie Redford; Daisy by Katherine Pearce; Violet by Tamla Kari and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12347906", "chunk_text": "\"Camille Guaty\"\n\"\"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past\"\". She appeared in a 2011 episode of \"\"The Chicago Code\"\" as Elena, as the fiancée of the main character, Jarek Wysocki. She has a recurring role in the TV show \"\"Scorpion\"\" as Megan O'Brien, the older sister of main character Walter O'Brien. Guaty is married to British songwriter Sy Rhys Kaye. They reside in Los Angeles, California. Camille Guaty Camille Guaty (born June 28, 1976) is an American film and television actress. She is known for several roles: as Daisy in \"\"Gotta Kick It Up!\"\" (2002), for playing Maricruz Delgado, Sucre's girlfriend, in \"\"Prison Break\"\" (2005–07)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12322248", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Duke\"\nGabby) in Los Angeles and convinced her to go to Hazzard to be with him. Bo Duke Beauregard \"\"Bo\"\" Duke (born April 8, 1958) is a fictional character in the American television series \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\", which ran from 1979 to 1985. He was played by John Schneider. The name of \"\"Beauregard\"\" may have been chosen after the famous Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard. Bo and his cousin Lucas \"\"Luke\"\" Duke (Tom Wopat) live in an unincorporated area of the fictional Hazzard County, in Georgia. Bo and Luke own a 1969 Dodge Charger, named \"\"The General Lee\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14376691", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\nboth returned within a few episodes). Of the characters, only Uncle Jesse and Boss Hogg appeared in all 145 episodes; Daisy appears in all but one, the third season's \"\"To Catch a Duke\"\". The General Lee also appears in all but one (the early first-season episode \"\"Mary Kaye's Baby\"\", the fourth to be produced and the third broadcast). It was largely filmed in Hidden Valley in Thousand Oaks, California, with scenes also shot at nearby Lake Sherwood and also at Paramount Ranch in nearby Agoura Hills. The pilot episode was to include a barber modeled after Floyd Lawson on \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5903546", "chunk_text": "\"Juliette Lewis\"\nJuliette Lewis Juliette L. Lewis (born June 21, 1973) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her portrayals of offbeat characters, often in films with dark themes. She began her career with small roles in film and on television during the late 1980s. In 1991, she received acclaim for her performance in \"\"Cape Fear\"\", which earned Lewis nominations for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. She has since appeared in films such as \"\"Husbands and Wives\"\" (1992), \"\"Kalifornia\"\"; \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\" (both 1993), \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" (1994), \"\"The Basketball Diaries\"\"; \"\"Strange Days\"\" (both 1995), \"\"From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10236941", "chunk_text": "\"Zazie Beetz\"\nZazie Beetz Zazie Olivia Beetz (; born June 1, 1991) is a German-born American actress best known for her starring role as Vanessa \"\"Van\"\" Keefer on the FX comedy-drama series \"\"Atlanta\"\" (2016–present), for which she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She also appeared in the Netflix anthology series \"\"Easy\"\" (2016–17). Beetz has starred as Dana in the disaster film \"\"Geostorm\"\" (2017) and as the Marvel Comics character Domino in the superhero film \"\"Deadpool 2\"\" (2018). Beetz was born at the Charité in Berlin-Mitte. Her father is a German cabinet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8919677", "chunk_text": "\"Kerris Dorsey\"\nKerris Dorsey Kerris Lilla Dorsey (born January 9, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Paige Whedon in the television series \"\"Brothers & Sisters\"\", Casey Beane, Billy Beane's (played by Brad Pitt) daughter, in the 2011 film \"\"Moneyball\"\", and as Emily Cooper in the 2014 film \"\"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day\"\". Dorsey plays Bridget Donovan, the daughter of the title character, in the television series \"\"Ray Donovan\"\". In \"\"Moneyball\"\" she performs a cover of Lenka's song \"\"The Show\"\", which is included on the soundtrack to the film. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3293247", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard (film)\"\nubiquitous in American culture that skimpy blue jean cutoff shorts are now often simply called \"\"Daisy Dukes\"\"). In a film review, a \"\"New York Daily News\"\" entertainment columnist said the movie's sex humor is \"\"cruder\"\" than the TV series, but that it is \"\"nearly identical to the TV series in... its ogling of the posterior of cousin Daisy Duke.\"\" Although initially he commented that he enjoyed the new style of relationship between the movie versions of Bo and Luke, John Schneider, who played Bo Duke in the original series, was later asked if he saw the film and said: \"\"My", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14831352", "chunk_text": "\"Tawny Little\"\nAfter leaving KABC, she was an anchor with KCAL-TV and later with UPN/13 Nightly News in Los Angeles through 2013. Little also appeared in a few films and television shows including \"\"Rocky II\"\", \"\"T.J. Hooker\"\", and \"\"Benson\"\". She changed her name to Little after marrying her first husband Miles Little, a neurosurgeon in Los Angeles (1977-1981). After her divorce from Little, she married \"\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\" star John Schneider (1983-1986). This marriage also ended in divorce. Little then married Don Corsini, General Manager of KCBS-TV and KCAL-TVin 1986, with whom she had two sons, Joseph John, \"\"J.J\"\", (born 1987)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1379284", "chunk_text": "\"Sarah Wynter\"\nSarah Wynter Sarah Wynter (born 15 February 1973) is an Australian actress, most widely known for her roles on American television – such as Kate Warner on the television drama \"\"24\"\", as Beth on \"\"Windfall\"\", and as Keitha on \"\"Flight of the Conchords\"\". Wynter was born in Newcastle, Australia, the daughter of Helen Cummings, a worker in the Newcastle registry of the Family Court of Australia and lately author, and Stuart Wynter, a physician. Her grandmother, the late Joy Cummings, was the Lord Mayor of Newcastle – Australia's first female Lord Mayor. In 1984, her father killed his second wife", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14376068", "chunk_text": "\"The Dukes of Hazzard\"\nDuke. The other main characters of the show include local mechanic Cooter Davenport (Ben Jones), who in early episodes was portrayed as a wild, unshaven rebel, often breaking or treading on the edge of the law, before settling down to become the Duke family's best friend (he is often referred to as an \"\"honorary Duke\"\") and owns the local garage; and Enos Strate (Sonny Shroyer), an honest but naive young deputy who, despite his friendship with the Dukes (and his crush on Daisy), is reluctantly forced to take part in Hogg and Rosco's crooked schemes. In the third and fourth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3900221", "chunk_text": "\"Kerris Dorsey\"\n\"\"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day\"\". Kerris Dorsey Kerris Lilla Dorsey (born January 9, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Paige Whedon in the television series \"\"Brothers & Sisters\"\", Casey Beane, Billy Beane's (played by Brad Pitt) daughter, in the 2011 film \"\"Moneyball\"\", and as Emily Cooper in the 2014 film \"\"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day\"\". Dorsey plays Bridget Donovan, the daughter of the title character, in the television series \"\"Ray Donovan\"\". In \"\"Moneyball\"\" she performs a cover of Lenka's song \"\"The Show\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11232537", "chunk_text": "\"Yvonne Zima\"\nYvonne Zima Yvonne Zima (born January 16, 1989) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Daisy Carter on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Zima was born in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, the daughter of Dennis and Marie. Her surname means \"\"winter\"\" in Polish and comes from her maternal grandfather, who was of Polish descent. Zima's breakthrough role was as Caitlin, the daughter of Geena Davis' character, in the film \"\"The Long Kiss Goodnight\"\" (1996). She also played Rachel Greene on \"\"ER\"\" from 1994–2000. Zima played Daisy on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" on and off between 2009", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11945886", "chunk_text": "\"DeWanda Wise\"\nin a production en lieu of detention. In 2006, she graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts with a bachelor's in fine arts in drama and urban studies. During her undergraduate years, Wise worked as a resident assistant and a stocker at Trader Joe's. Wise married fellow actor Alano Miller in 2009 after three months of dating. Wise is a vegan. She lives in Pasadena, California. DeWanda Wise DeWanda Jackson (known professionally as DeWanda Wise) is an American actress. She plays the lead role as Nola Darling in Spike Lee's 10-episode 2017 Netflix series \"\"She's Gotta Have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11232538", "chunk_text": "\"Yvonne Zima\"\nand 2012. Zima's older sisters, Madeline and Vanessa, are also actresses. Zima was nominated for a Young Artist Award for three consecutive years: Yvonne Zima Yvonne Zima (born January 16, 1989) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Daisy Carter on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Zima was born in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, the daughter of Dennis and Marie. Her surname means \"\"winter\"\" in Polish and comes from her maternal grandfather, who was of Polish descent. Zima's breakthrough role was as Caitlin, the daughter of Geena Davis' character, in the film \"\"The Long Kiss Goodnight\"\" (1996).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16334681", "chunk_text": "\"David Duke\"\nthe group. They remained companions throughout college and married in 1974. Hardin is the mother of Duke's two daughters, Erika and Kristin. The Dukes divorced in 1984, and Chloe moved to West Palm Beach, Florida, in order to be near her parents. There, she became involved with Duke's Klan friend Don Black, whom she later married. Duke rented out an apartment in Moscow beginning around 1999. He lived in Russia for five years. Duke currently resides in Mandeville, Louisiana. Duke is portrayed by actor Topher Grace in the 2018 Spike Lee film \"\"BlacKkKlansman\"\". He also appears in the film directly,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_144	when was the first australian prime minister elected?	n/a	[ "Sir Edmund Barton", "1901" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17838887", "chunk_text": "\"1901 Australian federal election\"\n1901 Australian federal election Federal elections for the inaugural Parliament of Australia were held in Australia on Friday 29 March and Saturday 30 March 1901. The elections followed Federation and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. All 75 seats in the Australian House of Representatives, six of which were uncontested, as well as all 36 seats in the Australian Senate, were up for election. After the initial confusion of the Hopetoun Blunder, the first Prime Minister of Australia, Edmund Barton, went into the inaugural 1901 federal election as the appointed head of a Protectionist Party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4858566", "chunk_text": "\"Edmund Barton\"\nEdmund Barton Sir Edmund \"\"Toby\"\" Barton, (18 January 18497 January 1920) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1901 to 1903. He resigned to become a founding member of the High Court of Australia, where he served until his death. Barton was an early supporter of the federation of the Australian colonies, and after the retirement of Henry Parkes came to be seen as the leader of the federation movement in New South Wales. He was a delegate to the constitutional conventions, playing a key role in the drafting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15800540", "chunk_text": "\"Caretaker government of Australia\"\nexception came in 1972, when Gough Whitlam had himself and his deputy, Lance Barnard, sworn in as a two-man government on 5 December, only three days after the election, as soon as Labor's victory over the Coalition was beyond doubt. That lasted until Whitlam's full ministry was sworn in on 19 December. The first Australian federal government, headed by Prime Minister Edmund Barton, was sworn in on 1 January 1901, the day on which the Federation of Australia took effect, whereby the six colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania became States of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5587888", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Watson\"\nChris Watson John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country. First elected to the Parliament of New South Wales seat of Young from the 1894 colonial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4858567", "chunk_text": "\"Edmund Barton\"\nof a national constitution, and was one of the lead campaigners for federation in the subsequent referendums. In late 1900, despite the initial \"\"Hopetoun Blunder\"\", Barton was commissioned to form a caretaker government as Australia's first prime minister. His term began on 1 January 1901, the date on which federation occurred. At the first federal elections in March 1901, Barton and the Protectionists won the most seats, but were well short of a majority. He was able to continue on as a prime minister by forming an alliance with the fledgling Labor Party, which held the balance of power. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4858594", "chunk_text": "\"Edmund Barton\"\nafter Barton. The Division of Barton in New South Wales is named after him, as is Barton, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra close to Capital Hill which is the location of many government departments and national institutions, and the headquarters of Australia's main political parties. The Edmund Barton Building is a government office building in that suburb. The Barton College of Deakin University is also named after Barton. Edmund Barton Sir Edmund \"\"Toby\"\" Barton, (18 January 18497 January 1920) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1901", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6205679", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Forde\"\nFrank Forde Francis Michael Forde (18 July 189028 January 1983) was an Australian politician who served as Prime Minister of Australia from 6 to 13 July 1945. He held office after the death of John Curtin, and is the shortest-serving prime minister in Australia's history. Forde was born in Mitchell, Queensland, to Irish immigrant parents. He eventually settled in Rockhampton, and was a schoolteacher and telegraphist before entering politics. Having joined the Labor Party at a young age, Forde was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly in 1917, aged 26. He transferred to the House of Representatives at the 1922", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12508666", "chunk_text": "\"Barton Government\"\nselected as Australia's first Governor-General, and the appointment of the first Cabinet was put in train. Edmund Barton became the newly Federated Australian nation's first Prime Minister at a grand ceremony in Centennial Park, Sydney, on 1 January 1901. He and his cabinet were sworn in by Australia's first Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun before an estimated crowd of 250,000 people. Hopetoun had first offered the position to the Premier of New South Wales Sir William Lyne (an opponent of Federation), but the other members of Cabinet and the general population saw Barton as the logical choice. The appointment was temporary, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6871166", "chunk_text": "\"History of Australia\"\nwhen the Federal Constitution was proclaimed by the Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, on 1 January 1901. From that point a system of federalism in Australia came into operation, entailing the establishment of an entirely new national government (the Commonwealth government) and an ongoing division of powers between that government and the States. The first Federal elections were held in March 1901 and resulted in a narrow plurality for the Protectionist Party over the Free Trade Party with the Australian Labor Party (ALP) polling third. Labor declared it would offer support to the party which offered concessions and Edmund Barton's Protectionists formed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14723560", "chunk_text": "\"Enid Lyons\"\nEnid Lyons Dame Enid Muriel Lyons (née Burnell; 9 July 1897 – 2 September 1981) was an Australian politician who was the first woman elected to the House of Representatives and the first woman to serve in federal cabinet. Prior to her own political career, she was best known as the wife of Joseph Lyons, who was Prime Minister of Australia (1932–1939) and Premier of Tasmania (1923–1928). Lyons was born in Smithton, Tasmania. She grew up in various small towns in northern Tasmania, and trained as a schoolteacher. At the age of 17, she married politician Joseph Lyons, who was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10957981", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Fisher\"\nAndrew Fisher Andrew Fisher (29 August 186222 October 1928) was an Australian politician who served three separate terms as Prime Minister of Australia – from 1908 to 1909, from 1910 to 1913, and from 1914 to 1915. He was the leader of the Australian Labor Party from 1907 to 1915. Fisher was born in Crosshouse, Ayrshire, Scotland. He left school at a young age to work in the nearby coal mines, becoming secretary of the local branch of the Ayrshire Miners' Union at the age of 17. Fisher emigrated to Australia in 1885, where he continued his involvement with trade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8058032", "chunk_text": "\"Suffrage in Australia\"\nby indigenous Australians were relaxed after World War II, and removed by the \"\"Commonwealth Electoral Act\"\" in 1962. Senator Neville Bonner became the first Aboriginal Australian to sit in the federal Parliament in 1971. Julia Gillard became the first female Prime Minister of Australia in 2010. Traditional Aboriginal society had been governed by councils of elders and a corporate decision making process, but the first European-style governments established after 1788 were autocratic and run by appointed governors - although English law was transplanted into the Australian colonies by virtue of the doctrine of reception, thus notions of the rights and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479247", "chunk_text": "\"1910 Australian federal election\"\n1910 Australian federal election Federal elections were held in Australia on 13 April 1910. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Commonwealth Liberal Party (the result of a merger between the Protectionist Party and the Anti-Socialist Party) led by Prime Minister Alfred Deakin was defeated by the opposition Labour Party, led by Andrew Fisher. The election represented a number of firsts: it was Australia's first elected federal majority government; Australia's first elected Senate majority; the world's first Labour Party majority government at a national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484487", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Hughes\"\nBilly Hughes William Morris Hughes, (25 September 186228 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1915 to 1923. He is best known for leading the country during World War I, but his influence on national politics spanned several decades. Hughes was a member of federal parliament from Federation in 1901 until his death, the only person to have served for more than 50 years. He represented six political parties during his career, leading five, outlasting four, and being expelled from three. Hughes was born in London to Welsh parents.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15024531", "chunk_text": "\"Federation of Australia\"\nfederation cause, was the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia at the inaugural national election in 1901 in March 1901. The election returned Barton as prime minister, though without a majority. This period has lent its name to an architectural style prevalent in Australia at that time, known as Federation architecture, or Federation style. A serious movement for Federation of the colonies arose in the late 1880s, a time when there was increasing nationalism amongst Australians, the great majority of whom were native-born. The idea of being \"\"Australian\"\" began to be celebrated in songs and poems. This was fostered by improvements", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484450", "chunk_text": "\"Alfred Deakin\"\nAlfred Deakin Alfred Deakin (3 August 18567 October 1919) was an Australian politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Australia, in office for three separate terms – 1903 to 1904, 1905 to 1908, and 1909 to 1910. Before entering office, he was a leader of the movement for Australian federation. Deakin was born in Melbourne, and attended the University of Melbourne before training as a barrister. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1879, aged 22, and became a government minister in 1883. Deakin was a major contributor to the establishment of liberal reforms in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484486", "chunk_text": "\"Alfred Deakin\"\nAlfred Deakin Alfred Deakin (3 August 18567 October 1919) was an Australian politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Australia, in office for three separate terms – 1903 to 1904, 1905 to 1908, and 1909 to 1910. Before entering office, he was a leader of the movement for Australian federation. Deakin was born in Melbourne, and attended the University of Melbourne before training as a barrister. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1879, aged 22, and became a government minister in 1883. Deakin was a major contributor to the establishment of liberal reforms in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15524309", "chunk_text": "\"Enid Lyons\"\nat the age of 10 months. Another son, Barry, was born with achondroplasia. Enid Lyons Dame Enid Muriel Lyons (née Burnell; 9 July 1897 – 2 September 1981) was an Australian politician who was the first woman elected to the House of Representatives and the first woman to serve in federal cabinet. Prior to her own political career, she was best known as the wife of Joseph Lyons, who was Prime Minister of Australia (1932–1939) and Premier of Tasmania (1923–1928). Lyons was born in Smithton, Tasmania. She grew up in various small towns in northern Tasmania, and trained as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7635240", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Holt\"\nHarold Holt Harold Edward Holt, (5 August 190817 December 1967), was an Australian politician who served as the 17th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1966 until his presumed drowning death in 1967. He was the leader of the Liberal Party during that time. Holt was born in Sydney, but lived in Melbourne from a young age. He was the first prime minister born in the 20th century. He studied law at the University of Melbourne and eventually opened his own legal practice. Holt entered parliament at a 1935 by-election, standing for the United Australia Party (UAP). He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11494980", "chunk_text": "\"John Curtin\"\nJohn Curtin John Curtin (8 January 1885 – 5 July 1945) was an Australian politician who served as the 14th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1941 to his death in 1945. He was the Leader of the Labor Party from 1935 to 1945. Having first formed a minority government in 1941, Curtin led Labor to victory (and majority government) at the 1943 election, which remains Labor's greatest victory in a federal election (both in the House of Representatives and the Senate). As the Member for Fremantle, Curtin was the first and to date the only prime minister to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11641315", "chunk_text": "\"Hopetoun Blunder\"\nHopetoun Blunder The Hopetoun Blunder was a political event immediately prior to the Federation of the British colonies in Australia. Federation was scheduled to occur on 1 January 1901, but since the general election for the first Parliament of Australia was not to be held until March, it was not possible to follow the conventions of the Westminster system and appoint the leader of the majority in the House of Representatives as Prime Minister. Instead, an interim government would be appointed, holding office from 1 January until the result of the election was known. The first Governor-General of Australia was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7470911", "chunk_text": "\"James McGowen\"\nJames McGowen James Sinclair Taylor McGowen (16 August 1855 – 7 April 1922) was an Australian politician and the first Labor Premier of New South Wales from 21 October 1910 to 30 June 1913. McGowen was the son of James McGowen, a boilermaker, and his wife Eliza Ditchfield, immigrants from Lancashire and was born at sea, on the \"\"Western Bride\"\", on the way to Melbourne. His father worked building in bridges, initially in Victoria, and later in New South Wales. After limited schooling he was apprenticed as a boiler maker in 1870. He became a member of the United Society", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "615540", "chunk_text": "\"1966 Australian federal election\"\n1966 Australian federal election Federal elections were held in Australia on 26 November 1966. All 124 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition government, led by Prime Minister Harold Holt, won an increased majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by Arthur Calwell. This was the first federal election that future opposition leader Andrew Peacock contested as a member of parliament, having entered parliament at the 1966 Kooyong by-election. The new Prime Minister, Harold Holt, was stylish, debonair and popular with the electorate. He cast a sharp contrast with the much rougher figure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9591539", "chunk_text": "\"Premiers of the Australian states\"\nto escape his creditors in 1890, and Queensland Premier Sir Thomas McIlwraith was notoriously corrupt. The rise of Labor forced the colonies to move towards a two-party system of Labor versus non-Labor, although state politics remained more personalised and less ideological than national politics for many years. The first minority Labor government was formed by Anderson Dawson in Queensland in 1899, and the first majority Labor government was led by James McGowen in New South Wales in 1910. Since about 1910 state politics have followed much the same party pattern as Australian national politics (see Politics of Australia). Since 1952,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17431998", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Barton\"\nJane Barton Jane Barton (née Ross; born 11 June 1851 – 23 March 1938) was the wife of Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia (1901–1903). She was the eldest daughter of David Ross of Newcastle, New South Wales. In 1877, at the age of 26, she married Edmund Barton, who was then a New South Wales barrister. She was known to relatives as \"\"Jean\"\" or \"\"Jeanie\"\". From 1896, the Bartons' house Miandetta in Carabella Street, North Sydney was the site of 'open house' meetings on the subject of Federation. Some of the most frequent attendees of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14799814", "chunk_text": "\"History of Australia (1901–45)\"\nthe Federal Constitution was proclaimed by the Governor General, Lord Hopetoun, on 1 January 1901. The first Federal elections were held in March 1901 and resulted in a narrow majority for the Protectionist Party over the Free Trade Party with the Australian Labor Party (ALP) polling third. Labor declared it would offer support to the party which offered concessions and Edmund Barton's Protectionists formed a government, with Alfred Deakin as Attorney-General. Barton promised to \"\"create a high court... and an efficient federal public service... He proposed to extend conciliation and arbitration, create a uniform railway gauge between the eastern capitals,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6622864", "chunk_text": "\"Australian House of Representatives\"\nenable the inaugural Ministry, led by Edmund Barton, to be appointed on 1 January 1901, even though the first federal elections were not scheduled to be held until 29 and 30 March. After the 1949 election, Bill Spooner was appointed a Minister in the Fourth Menzies Ministry on 19 December, however his term as a Senator did not begin until 22 February 1950. The provision was also used after the disappearance and presumed death of the Liberal Prime Minister Harold Holt in December 1967. The Liberal Party elected John Gorton, then a Senator, as its new leader, and he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20064826", "chunk_text": "\"Division of Barton\"\nthe seat for Labor and won on a swing of 3.9 percent, making it a fairly safe Labor seat. Division of Barton The Division of Barton is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. The division was created in 1922 and is named for Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia. The division has always been based in the inner southern suburbs of Sydney, and currently includes the suburbs of Arncliffe, Banksia, Bardwell Park, Bardwell Valley, Bexley, Bexley North, Brighton-Le-Sands, Clemton Park, Earlwood, Kyeemagh, Rockdale, Tempe, Turrella, Undercliffe, and Wolli Creek; as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10768330", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Lyons\"\nJoseph Lyons Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 – 7 April 1939) was the tenth Prime Minister of Australia, serving from January 1932 until his death. He had earlier served as Premier of Tasmania from 1923 to 1928, and was the first, and to date only, prime minister from Tasmania. Lyons was born in Stanley, Tasmania, and was a schoolteacher and trade unionist before entering politics. He was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1909, representing the Labor Party, and became a government minister in 1914, under John Earle. Lyons was elected party leader after the Labor government's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10516032", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Minister of Australia\"\nuse it when he was no longer PM. Only one Prime Minister who had left the Federal Parliament ever returned. Stanley Bruce was defeated in his own seat in 1929 while Prime Minister but was re-elected to parliament in 1931. Other Prime Ministers were elected to parliaments other than the Australian federal parliament: Sir George Reid was elected to the UK House of Commons (after his term as High Commissioner to the UK), and Frank Forde was re-elected to the Queensland Parliament (after his term as High Commissioner to Canada, and a failed attempt to re-enter the Federal Parliament). From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "87189", "chunk_text": "\"Watson Government\"\nWatson Government The Watson Government was the third federal executive government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Chris Watson of the Australian Labor Party from 27 April 1904 to 18 August 1904. The Watson Government was the first Labor Party national government in both Australia and in the world. Watson was aged just 37 when he became Prime Minister of Australia, and remains the youngest person to have held the post. The Australian Federal Parliament had come into being with the Federation of Britain's Australian colonies in 1901. Edmund Barton's Protectionists held power in coalition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5539971", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Minister of Australia\"\nJohn Curtin, and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party. The last Prime Minister to serve out a full government term in the office was John Howard, who won the 2004 election and led his party to the 2007 election, but lost. Since then, the five subsequent Prime Ministers have been either voted out of the office mid-term by the caucuses of their own parties, assumed the office mid-term under such circumstances, or both. Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1808230", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Minister of Australia\"\nprime minister, otherwise William McMahon63. Robert Menzies was the oldest person to ever be prime minister, leaving office at 71 years old. The longest-serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies, who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively. The shortest-serving Prime Minister was Frank Forde, who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16374083", "chunk_text": "\"1901 Australian federal election\"\nfive members, each elector casting one vote: three Free Traders (Edward Braddon, 26.2%; Norman Cameron, 11.6%; Frederick Piesse, 10.1%), one Protectionist (Philip Fysh, 9.9%) and one Labour member (King O'Malley, 21.9%). 1901 Australian federal election Federal elections for the inaugural Parliament of Australia were held in Australia on Friday 29 March and Saturday 30 March 1901. The elections followed Federation and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. All 75 seats in the Australian House of Representatives, six of which were uncontested, as well as all 36 seats in the Australian Senate, were up for election.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17838889", "chunk_text": "\"1901 Australian federal election\"\nBilly Hughes - and future opposition leader Frank Tudor. The federation of the colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia came into effect on 1 January 1901 to form the Commonwealth of Australia. An election was held on Friday 29 March in Western Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania, and on Saturday 30 March 1901 in South Australia and Queensland, to elect the inaugural members of federal parliament. Floods in Queensland delayed polling in parts of the state until April. The 1901 election was the only one of two occasions in Australia's history", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721507", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Cook\"\nJoseph Cook Sir Joseph Cook, (7 December 1860 – 30 July 1947) was an Australian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1913 to 1914. He was the leader of the Commonwealth Liberal Party from 1913 to 1917, after earlier serving as the leader of the Anti-Socialist Party from 1908 to 1909. Cook was born in Silverdale, Staffordshire, England, and began working in the local coal mines at the age of nine. He emigrated to Australia in 1885, settling in Lithgow, New South Wales. He continued to work as a miner, becoming involved with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11925205", "chunk_text": "\"William Lyne\"\nWilliam Lyne Sir William John Lyne KCMG (6 April 1844 – 3 August 1913) was an Australian politician who served as Premier of New South Wales from 1899 to 1901, and later as a federal cabinet minister under Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin. He is best known as the subject of the \"\"Hopetoun Blunder\"\", unexpectedly being asked to serve as the first Prime Minister of Australia but failing to form a government. Lyne was born in Van Diemen's Land, the son of a pastoral farmer. When he was 20, he and cousin took up a sheep station in North West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1722143", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Holt\"\nparty colleague of Holt's, Jeff Bate, and was then known as Dame Zara Bate. Harold Holt Harold Edward Holt, (5 August 190817 December 1967), was an Australian politician who served as the 17th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1966 until his presumed drowning death in 1967. He was the leader of the Liberal Party during that time. Holt was born in Sydney, but lived in Melbourne from a young age. He was the first prime minister born in the 20th century. He studied law at the University of Melbourne and eventually opened his own legal practice. Holt entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12868801", "chunk_text": "\"Diplomatic history of Australia\"\nand as one Labor politician said, \"\"tired of anti-communism as a substitute for common sense.\"\" By 1970, the anti-war sentiment in the society had exploded into huge rallies, church services and candlelight processions. The moratorium movement represented a great range of people's opinions, from young political radicals to people who would not normally challenge government decisions and from mothers of conscripted men to prominent politicians, writers, academics, artists and church leaders. The intensity of conflict in Australia over this issue contributed to the 1972 election of the first Labor government in 23 years. The new Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam immediately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10008504", "chunk_text": "\"History of Australia\"\nthe first woman elected to the Senate. Politically, Robert Menzies and the Liberal Party of Australia dominated much of the immediate post war era, defeating the Labor government of Ben Chifley in 1949, in part over a Labor proposal to nationalise banks and following a crippling coal strike led by the Australian Communist Party. Menzies became the country's longest-serving Prime Minister and the Liberal party, in coalition with the rural based Country Party, won every federal election until 1972. As in the United States in the early 1950s, allegations of communist influence in society saw tensions emerge in politics. Refugees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "609422", "chunk_text": "\"1954 Australian federal election\"\nTour of Australia (the first by a reigning sovereign), the recovery of the economy from a brief recession in 1951-52 and the Petrov Affair were all credited with assisting in the return of the government. 1954 Australian federal election Federal elections were held in Australia on 29 May 1954. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election, but no Senate election took place. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party led by H. V. Evatt. This was the first federal election that future Prime Minister Gough Whitlam contested", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20064822", "chunk_text": "\"Division of Barton\"\nDivision of Barton The Division of Barton is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. The division was created in 1922 and is named for Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia. The division has always been based in the inner southern suburbs of Sydney, and currently includes the suburbs of Arncliffe, Banksia, Bardwell Park, Bardwell Valley, Bexley, Bexley North, Brighton-Le-Sands, Clemton Park, Earlwood, Kyeemagh, Rockdale, Tempe, Turrella, Undercliffe, and Wolli Creek; as well as parts of Belmore, Beverly Hills, Campsie, Canterbury, Carlton, Dulwich Hill, Hurlstone Park, Hurstville, Kingsgrove, Kogarah, Marrickville, and Penshurst. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8310263", "chunk_text": "\"Barton Government\"\nBarton Government The Barton Government was the first federal Executive Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Sir Edmund Barton, from 1 January 1901 until 24 September 1903, when Barton resigned to become one of the three founding judges of the High Court of Australia. The background to the Barton Government saw the six British colonies of Australia vote to federate as one Commonwealth. Sir Henry Parkes was among the leading voices calling for Federation and had kick-started the movement with his Tenterfield Oration of 1889: Known himself as the \"\"Father of Federation\"\", Parkes would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15488447", "chunk_text": "\"Deakin Government (1903–1904)\"\nDeakin Government (1903–1904) The first Deakin Government was the second federal executive government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Alfred Deakin, from 24 September 1903 until 27 April 1904. Deakin was the second Prime Minister of Australia, but served as Prime Minister again from 1905–1908 and 1909–1910 – see Second Deakin Government and Third Deakin Government. The Commonwealth of Australia came into being when the Federal Constitution was proclaimed by the Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, on 1 January 1901. The first Federal elections were held in March 1901 and resulted in a narrow plurality for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19932959", "chunk_text": "Melbourne\ndepression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s. At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canberra. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930 and many major national institutions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10944688", "chunk_text": "\"1925 Australian federal election\"\n1925 Australian federal election Federal elections were held in Australia on 14 November 1925. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives and 22 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Nationalist–Country coalition, led by Prime Minister Stanley Bruce, defeated the opposition Labor Party led by Matthew Charlton. Compulsory voting for federal elections was introduced in 1924 and first used in the 1925 elections, where 91.4% of the electorate cast a vote, compared to 59.4% at the 1922 elections. Prime Minister Stanley Bruce was a supporter of the White Australia Policy, and made it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10970160", "chunk_text": "\"1914 Australian federal election\"\nonly non-Labor Government in Australian history that did not last longer than the Labor government it had replaced. 1914 Australian federal election Federal elections were held in Australia on 5 September 1914. The election had been called before the declaration of war in August 1914. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives and all 36 seats in the Senate were up for election, as a result of the first double dissolution being granted. The incumbent Commonwealth Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Joseph Cook, was defeated by the opposition Labor Party under Andrew Fisher. Fisher returned for a third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1808217", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Minister of Australia\"\nthe governing party or senior coalition party elects an alternative party leader. This has resulted in the party leaders from the Country Party (now named National Party) being appointed as Prime Minister, despite being the smaller party of their coalition. This occurred when Earle Page became caretaker Prime Minister following the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939, and when John McEwen became caretaker Prime Minister following the disappearance of Harold Holt in 1967. However in 1941, Arthur Fadden became the leader of the Coalition and subsequently Prime Minister by the agreement of both coalition parties, despite being the leader of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10938867", "chunk_text": "\"1961 Australian federal election\"\n1961 Australian federal election Federal elections were held in Australia on 9 December 1961. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 31 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party under Arthur Calwell. In his first election as Labor leader, Calwell significantly reduced the Coalition's margin, gaining 15 seats to leave the government with only a one-seat majority. Future opposition leader and Governor General Bill Hayden entered parliament at this election. Due to a credit squeeze, the economy had gone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12820020", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly\"\nthe first Parkes Government; Edmund Barton (1883–1887) entered the new Federal Parliament in 1901 as the first Prime Minister of Australia (1901–1903) and thereafter served as a Puisne Justice of the High Court of Australia until 1920; James Dooley (1925–1927) before taking up the role of Speaker had served two terms as the Premier of New South Wales in 1921 and from 1921 to 1922; Reginald Weaver (1937–1941), later served briefly as Leader of the Opposition of New South Wales and as the first Leader of the NSW Liberal Party in 1945 before his death and John Aquilina (2003–2007) also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_145	where is the country music hall of fame located?	n/a	[ "Nashville, Tennessee" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422274", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nrecording studio environment on the Second Floor. Architect: Tuck-Hinton Architects, PLC Exhibit Designer: Ralph Appelbaum Associates Inc. Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world's largest and most active popular music research centers and the world's largest repository of country music artifacts.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422260", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nCountry Music Hall of Fame and Museum The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world's largest and most active popular music research centers and the world's largest repository of country music artifacts. Early in the 1960s, as the Country Music Association's campaign to publicize country music was accelerating, CMA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838020", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Country Music Hall of Fame\"\nTexas Country Music Hall of Fame The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, formerly the Tex Ritter Museum, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to country music and were born in the state of Texas. This includes singers, songwriters, disc jockeys, and others. A museum, a large multi-purpose room, and a gift shop comprise the major areas of interest within the facility. The multi-purpose room can be configured to serve as a lecture hall or a dining room. It is covered with impressive photographs from local and regional history. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14284425", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Foundation\"\nCountry Music Hall of Fame and Museum at the corner of 16th Avenue and Division on Music Row in Nashville, TN. The Country Music Foundation is still housed with the Hall of Fame and Museum at its new location at 222 5th Avenue South in Downtown Nashville when the new building opened in 2001. The CMF was founded in 1964 and charged with operating the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, whose original location opened on Music Row in Nashville, TN on April 1, 1967. Until 1971, the CMF shared staff with the Country Music Association (CMA). It moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580720", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\noffer visitors a hands-on immersion into today's country music with artifacts from today's country stars and a series of technology-enhanced activities. In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, and multi-purpose event rental spaces. Other historic properties of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum include the letterpress operation Hatch Show Print (located inside the museum) and Historic RCA Studio B (located on Music Row), Nashville's oldest surviving recording studio, where recordings by Elvis Presley, Dolly Parton, Waylon Jennings, and many others were made. The Country Music Hall of Fame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838023", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Country Music Hall of Fame\"\nthe rear of the building. The museum is located at 301 West Panola near the intersection of U.S. Highways 59 and 79. Museum hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Admission is $10 for adults and $5 for children. Every Saturday evening, a Country Music Hayride is offered at the Esquire Theatre in downtown Carthage. Texas Country Music Hall of Fame Website Texas Country Music Hall of Fame The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, formerly the Tex Ritter Museum, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422269", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nmembers receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. Only one legendary singer or musician and one modern singer or musician can get elected to the Hall, unless there is an exact tie in the voting ballots. Also, one musician and one songwriter or music executive can get elected per year. Bas-relief portraits cast in bronze honoring each Hall of Fame member were originally displayed at the Tennessee State Museum in downtown Nashville until the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum opened its own building in April 1967; in this barn-roofed facility at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422263", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nBuilding expansion took place in 1974, 1977, and 1984 to store and display the museum's growing collection of costumes, films, historic cars, musical instruments, and other artifacts. An education department was created to conduct ongoing programs with Middle Tennessee schools, an oral history program was begun, and a publications department was launched to handle books, as well as the \"\"Journal of Country Music.\"\" To become more accessible, in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new, facility in the heart of downtown Nashville's arts and entertainment district. In 2014, the museum unveiled a $100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5341864", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame\"\n2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame The Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame honours Canadian country music artists, builders or broadcasters, living or deceased. The artifact collection includes extensive biographical information on the inductees. It is located in downtown Merritt, British Columbia at 2025 Quilchena Avenue. The facility is open year-round for custom tours, and is open to the public on seasonally adjusted hours. The initiative is governed by a not-for-profit society (the Canadian Country Music Heritage Society). In 2009, Cantos", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300135", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame\"\nCadillac and The Jersey Lilly Old-Tyme Photo Parlour. The Hall of Fame opened in 2001. The building housing it is one of the horse and mule barns in the Fort Worth Stockyards. Originally built in 1888, they housed over 3,000 horses and mules. The original wooden ones that stood in this location were lost March 14, 1911, when a spark from a passing train ignited a fire. They were rebuilt and completed in March 1912 and considered the first \"\"fireproof\"\" ones. The bricks, columns, metal doors, catwalks, and cinder blocks are all original architecture. The Hall of Fame is located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7323984", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame\"\nCanadian Country Music Hall of Fame The Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame honours Canadian country music artists, builders or broadcasters, living or deceased. The artifact collection includes extensive biographical information on the inductees. It is located in downtown Merritt, British Columbia at 2025 Quilchena Avenue. The facility is open year-round for custom tours, and is open to the public on seasonally adjusted hours. The initiative is governed by a not-for-profit society (the Canadian Country Music Heritage Society). In 2009, Cantos Music Foundation (now the National Music Centre) in Calgary, Alberta, became the owner of the Canadian Country Music Hall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580725", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nthe head of Music Row, the bronze plaques comprised a special exhibit. Today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum's enlarged downtown Nashville facility. The museum's archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum's collection and includes more than 2.5 million artifacts. When viewed from the air, the building forms a massive bass clef. The point on the sweeping arch of the building suggests the tailfin of a 1959 Cadillac sedan. The building's front windows resemble piano keys. The tower on top of the Rotunda that extends down the Hall of Fame is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422261", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nleaders determined that a new organization was needed to operate a country music museum and to carry out research and education activities beyond CMA's scope as a trade organization. Toward this end, the nonprofit Country Music Foundation (CMF) was chartered by the state of Tennessee in 1964 to collect, preserve, and publicize information and artifacts relating to the history of country music. Through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1, 1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422272", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nwhile the title of the song rings the interior of the structure. The Hall of Fame member's plaques housed within the Rotunda are reminiscent of notes on a musical staff. Solid, earthy materials native to the Mid-South—wood, concrete, steel, and stone—were used in the building's construction as a reminder of the music's strong roots in the lives of working Americans. Georgia yellow pine adorns the floors of the Conservatory and is also found in the Hall of Fame Rotunda the Ford Theater. Crab Orchard Stone from the East Tennessee mountains lend a homey, rustic touch to the Conservatory's \"\"front porch\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20079728", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Cash Museum\"\nJohnny Cash Museum The Johnny Cash Museum opened in April 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee, to honor the life and music of the country superstar often referred to as the \"\"Man in Black\"\". It houses the world's largest collection of Johnny Cash memorabilia and artifacts, including a stone wall taken from his lake house in Hendersonville, Tennessee, and is officially authorized by Cash's estate. Born in 1932 in Kingsland, Arkansas, Johnny Cash is one of the bestselling recording artists of all time. Throughout his lifetime, he wrote and recorded music in a lot of different styles, including country, rockabilly, gospel, blues,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13900739", "chunk_text": "\"Music of Texas\"\nof western swing music, bar-room ballads, honky-tonk style, and traditional country music. He holds the world record for the most #1 hit singles by any artist in the history of music on any chart or in any genre, having recorded 60 #1 hit singles as of 2016. Within country music, the distinct styles of singers such as The Randy Rogers Band, Robert Earl Keen, Kevin Fowler, Cory Morrow, Jack Ingram, Jerry Jeff Walker, Pat Green, Wade Bowen, the Eli Young Band, and others are often dubbed \"\"Texas music\"\". The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame is located in Carthage, Texas.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422267", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nprofessional can receive, is extended to performers, songwriters, broadcasters, musicians, and executives in recognition of their contributions to the development of country music. The Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association (CMA); the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962. The most recent inductees (class of 2018) are Johnny Gimble, Dottie West and Ricky Skaggs. Over the Hall of Fame's history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6763797", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Gospel Museum and Hall of Fame\"\na new, younger audience, and is credited by many as Bill Gaither's direct inspiration for his homecoming videos. Waller's contributions to the Hall of Fame have proven beneficial in honoring the heritage of southern gospel music. Southern Gospel Museum and Hall of Fame The Southern Gospel Museum and Hall of Fame is a site operated at Dollywood, in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, by the Southern Gospel Music Association. It was established in 1997. The Hall of Fame is composed of pioneers in the field of Southern gospel music; members are selected by the SGMA annually, and are honored by a descriptive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17888419", "chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nRock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, recognizes and archives the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have had some major influence on the development of rock and roll. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Atlantic Records founder and chairman Ahmet Ertegun. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the Hall of Fame's permanent home. Founder Ahmet Ertegun assembled a team that included attorney Suzan Evans,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161990", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame\"\ncustomers. Autographed photos of world champions adorned both his office and his home. He was a well-known bull rider and founder of the Old Timers Rodeo Association. The Hall of Fame was first housed in several spots in the Belton area, including a western wear store. Eventually, it moved to the Bell County Expo Center, only a block or so away from the Ford dealership where it was born. The Hall of Fame is currently housed in the historic Cowtown Coliseum in the Fort Worth Stockyards. Funds are being raised for a permanent Hall of Fame building in Belton. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6048222", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame\"\nof Fame's artifact collection after a transfer of ownership from Deb Buck, wife of deceased Hall of Fame member Gary Buck. The plaques of the inductees reside in the Hall of Honour at the Hall of Fame (in Merritt). For several years the Hall of Fame was based in a log building on the Calgary Stampede grounds. In 1993, Canadian singer-songwriter Stompin' Tom Connors declined an induction into the Hall of Fame, as part of his ongoing campaign against the Americanization of Canadian music. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7833343", "chunk_text": "\"Georgia Sports Hall of Fame\"\nGeorgia Sports Hall of Fame The Georgia Sports Hall of Fame is located in Macon, Georgia, USA. It is the largest state sports hall of fame in America at . The Hall of Fame houses over of exhibit space broken down into sections including Hall of Fame Inductees, High School, collegiate sports, Olympic, Paralympic, Professional Sports, and Great Moments in Georgia Sports History areas. Interactive exhibits in the museum include NASCAR simulators, basketball and football games, and computer programs. The Hall of Fame is owned by the state of Georgia and operated by the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame Authority.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17293077", "chunk_text": "\"Blues Hall of Fame\"\nBlues Hall of Fame The Blues Hall of Fame is a music museum located in Memphis, Tennessee. Initially, the \"\"Blues Hall of Fame\"\" was not a physical building, but a listing of people who have significantly contributed to blues music. Started in 1980 by the Blues Foundation, it honors those who have performed, recorded, or documented blues. The actual building for the hall opened to the public on May 8, 2015. Non Performer: Non Performers: Non Performers: Non Performers: Non Performer: Non Performers: Non Performers: Non Performer: Non Performers: Non Performer: Non Performer: Non Performer: Non Performer: Non Performers: Non", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15334931", "chunk_text": "\"Bull Riding Hall of Fame\"\norganization's activities include historical presentation, visitor education, event hosting, and managing via multiple committees. The founders were involved in overseeing the building of the foundation hall, and also maintaining the Bull Riding Hall of Fame museum at Cowtown Coliseum in Fort Worth. Husband and wife team, Bill and Tammi Putnam, were founding members and respectively served as president and treasurer. Bill Putnam's daughter, Amy Ellinger, served as secretary. The Bull Riding Hall of Fame Museum is located at Cowtown Coliseum, Fort Worth Stockyards, Fort Worth, Texas. One group of nominees is inducted into the hall each year. Inductees are selected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17190377", "chunk_text": "\"Music Row\"\nand the museum moved to a new state-of-the-art building eleven blocks away in Downtown Nashville in June of 1999. One area of Music Row, along Demonbreun Street, was once littered with down-market tourist attractions and vanity \"\"museums\"\" of various country music stars. These began to disappear in the late 1990s with the announced move of the Country Music Hall of Fame. The strip sat largely vacant for a few years, but has been recently redeveloped with a number of upscale restaurants and bars serving the Downtown and Music Row areas. At the confluence of Demonbreun Street, Division Street, 16th Avenue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838022", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Country Music Hall of Fame\"\na museum exhibit on Ritter's son, John Ritter. Mickey Gilley, a native of Ferriday, Louisiana, and Moe Bandy, originally from Meridian, Mississippi, not born in Texas though they have subsequently had a long associated with the state, Gilley with Houston and Bandy with San Antonio. On August 12, 2017, Kenny Rogers, a Houston native who became one of the most successful performers in country music history in a career spanning nearly sixty years, was inducted into The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame. Plans are underway to double the size of the hall of fame in the area immediately to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8814015", "chunk_text": "\"Marty Stuart\"\nappeared at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, and at the Arkansas Statehouse Museum. In early 2018, Stuart co-curated, along with the Grammy Museum, an exhibit at the Woody Guthrie Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma, entitled \"\"Marty Stuart's Way Out West: A Country Music Odyssey.\"\" The exhibit highlighted the West Coast impact on country music, featuring items by artists including Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Buck Owens and Stuart himself. Many of the items in the exhibit came from the private collection of Stuart, including the last portrait of Cash (taken by Stuart four days before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4971061", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame\"\nTexas Cowboy Hall of Fame The Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame, a western, historical museum in Fort Worth, Texas, honors those men and women who have shown excellence in the business and support of rodeo and the western lifestyle in Texas.\"\" The Hall of Fame includes over 125 cowboys and cowgirls, each of whom has a booth to display personal memorabilia. The museum, located in Historic Barn A, is also home to The Sterquell Wagon Collection, John Justin Trail of Fame, Chisholm Trail Exhibit, The Applewhite-Clark Exhibit, Adventures of the Cowboy Trail, Zigrang Horse Bit Collection, Amon G. Carter's 1933", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1934614", "chunk_text": "\"East Texas\"\nMiranda Lambert. The Museum of East Texas opened in Lufkin in 1976 under the name \"\"Lufkin Historical and Creative Arts Center\"\". East Texas is home to the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, located in Carthage. East Texans enjoy a range of music that is influenced by gospel, bluegrass, blues, rock, country, soul, rhthym and blues, Cajun, etc. Texas blues originated in East Texas, with many legends having been born in the region including Lightnin' Hopkins and T-Bone Walker. East Texans enjoy live music at many of the region's fairs and festivals, including the Texas Rose Festival in Tyler, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5916267", "chunk_text": "\"Roy Acuff\"\nsuffering extensive damage in the 2010 Tennessee floods). Dunbar Cave State Natural Area was established in 1973 from a recreational area the state had purchased from Mrs. McKay King. The cave was owned by Acuff from 1948 to 1963. Two museums have been named in Acuff's honor—the Roy Acuff Museum at Opryland (now closed) and the Roy Acuff Union Museum and Library in his hometown of Maynardville. Acuff has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 1541 Vine Street. He is pictured with other country singers at the new Smoky Mountain Opera in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. Roy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20652138", "chunk_text": "\"Patsy Cline Museum\"\ncontinued to chart, and her fan base continued to grow in the decades following her death, and she became the first female inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame – 10 years posthumously. Shannon and Bill Miller, who also founded the Johnny Cash Museum, wanted to create a similar museum for Patsy Cline. They had the opportunity to do so after Charlie Dick – Patsy Cline's husband – died in 2015, leaving behind a collection of his and Patsy's belongings that he had previously kept hidden away. The 4,000-square-foot museum is located in the SoBro (South of Broadway) neighborhood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19627655", "chunk_text": "\"The Oak Ridge Boys\"\ncollaboration recording of their hit \"\"Elvira\"\". This collaboration was recorded with \"\"Sing-Off\"\"-winning, country a cappella group Home Free, who uploaded the video to their YouTube channel. The video was an instant hit, reaching 90,000 views within the first 20 hours of it being uploaded. On October 25, 2015, the Oak Ridge Boys were inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame during the Medallion Ceremony, in the category of modern era artists. It was presented by Kenny Rogers (a previous inductee). In 2017, the Oak Ridge Boys joined Third Day at the legendary FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15334925", "chunk_text": "\"Bull Riding Hall of Fame\"\nBull Riding Hall of Fame The Bull Riding Hall of Fame, located at the Cowtown Coliseum in the Fort Worth Stockyards in Fort Worth, Texas, is a hall of fame for the sport of bull riding. It is incorporated as a non-profit organization in the State of Texas, and created to \"\"recognize, memorialize, and applaud the bull riders, bullfighters, bulls, stock contractors, events, and individuals who have had a made a historic contribution and attained stellar performance in the sport.\"\" Membership is open to fans worldwide. The Bull Riding Hall of Fame intends to honor all of the bull riding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4878693", "chunk_text": "\"National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame\"\nNational Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame The National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame is a museum and educational facility in Bonner Springs, Kansas, United States. The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code (issued in 1960). It is located east of K-7 and south of State Avenue (US-24, near 126th Street) next to the Cricket Wireless Amphitheater and Kansas City Renaissance Festival. It is north of the Kansas Turnpike \"\"Bonner Springs\"\" exit, and about 1 miles west of the Kansas Speedway. The Main Building built in 1963-64 includes: The building opened in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17487257", "chunk_text": "\"Music Row\"\nhistorical preservation and local as well as national movements to revive it’s rich and vibrant history. A group dedicated to this mission is the Music Industry Coalition. Historical sites such as RCA's famed Studio B and Studio A, where hundreds of notable and famous musicians have recorded, are situated on Music Row. Country music entertainers Roy Acuff and Chet Atkins have also been memorialized with streets named in their honor within the area. The Country Music Hall of Fame was once located at the corner of Music Square East and Division Street, but the building has since been torn down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17863281", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Hall\"\nRick Hall Roe Erister \"\"Rick\"\" Hall (January 31, 1932 – January 2, 2018) was an American record producer, songwriter, music publisher, and musician best known as the owner and proprietor of FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. As the \"\"Father of Muscle Shoals Music\"\", he was influential in recording and promoting both country and soul music, and in helping develop the careers of such musicians as Aretha Franklin, Otis Redding, Duane Allman and Etta James. Hall was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1985 and also received the John Herbert Orr Pioneer Award. In 2014, he won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11172360", "chunk_text": "\"Academy of Country Music Awards\"\nnew-artist categories. The show was moved to the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas from 2006 through 2014 before relocating to AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in 2015 to celebrate its 50th anniversary. The 2015 show broke the Guinness record for Most Attended Awards Show, with 70,252. The show returned to the MGM Grand Garden Arena in 2016 then moved to the new T-Mobile Arena in 2017. Voting members of the Academy of Country Music elect the nominees. In 2016, after an eight-year experiment intended to improve consumer engagement, the ACM announced its decision", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "582917", "chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame\"\nOklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame The Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is a non-profit organization that honors jazz, blues and gospel musicians in the state of Oklahoma. Housed in the former Tulsa Union Depot, which it now calls the Jazz Depot, the Hall of Fame is a music venue that hosts regular jazz performances. It is also a museum, displaying photographs, biographical information, artifacts, and memorabilia from musicians such as Chet Baker, Earl Bostic, Barney Kessel, and Jimmy Rushing. The Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame holds an annual induction ceremony to recognize the meaningful contributions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838021", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Country Music Hall of Fame\"\nmuseum contains information panels that cover each inductee's career and accomplishments through text, photographs, and various artifacts. In the center of the exhibit area, a replica of a 1930s theater marquee reminds visitors of the role of country music in film. A juke box nearby allows visitors to select the country songs that they wish to hear played while touring the museum. The marquee serves as the entrance to the Tex Ritter Museum. A native of Panola County, Ritter was one of the first singers inducted into the hall of fame when it was established in 1998. There is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6579802", "chunk_text": "\"Earl Scruggs\"\nwas given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1985, Flatt and Scruggs were inducted together into the Country Music Hall of Fame and named, as a duo, number 24 on \"\"CMT's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music\"\". Scruggs was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship by the National Endowment for the Arts,the highest honor in the folk and traditional arts in the United States. Four works by Scruggs have been placed in the Grammy Hall of Fame. After Scruggs' death in 2012 at age 88, the Earl Scruggs Center was founded near his birthplace in Shelby, North Carolina,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7862940", "chunk_text": "\"RCA Studio B\"\nUnfinished Business\"\", Dolly Parton recounted how she was rushing to her first recording session at Studio B in September 1967 (shortly after having signed with RCA Victor) and, in her haste to make the session on time, drove her car through the side wall of the building. She noted that the spot where her car impacted the building is still visible. In 1977 the studio was made available to the Country Music Hall of Fame for tours, and in 1992 it was donated to the Country Music Hall of Fame by the late Dan Maddox. Until 2001, it was operated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15730636", "chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame\"\nOklahoma Music Hall of Fame The Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame, located in Muskogee, Oklahoma, honors Oklahoma musicians for their lifetime achievements in music. The induction ceremony and concert are held each year in Muskogee. Since its establishment in 1997, the Hall of Fame has inducted more than 37 individuals or groups, produced more than 7 concerts, and renovated in part the facility that will educate Oklahomans for generations about those innovators and industry icons from Oklahoma. In 1996, the Oklahoma Legislature began the vision for the Hall of Fame. State Senator Benn Robinson (D-Muskogee) and State Representative Barbara Staggs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18751113", "chunk_text": "\"Music City Walk of Fame\"\nMusic City Walk of Fame The Music City Walk of Fame in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, is a walk of fame that honors significant contributors to Nashville's musical heritage and significant achievements in the music industry. Each honoree is commemorated with a large stainless steel and terrazzo star embedded in the sidewalk in Walk of Fame Park between the Country Music Hall of Fame, Bridgestone Arena, and Schermerhorn Symphony Center. The walk was established in 2006 by the Nashville Convention and Visitors Bureau. Gibson Guitars is a founding sponsor. Since 2014, the park has been under construction and is set to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18751115", "chunk_text": "\"Music City Walk of Fame\"\nMusic City Walk of Fame The Music City Walk of Fame in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, is a walk of fame that honors significant contributors to Nashville's musical heritage and significant achievements in the music industry. Each honoree is commemorated with a large stainless steel and terrazzo star embedded in the sidewalk in Walk of Fame Park between the Country Music Hall of Fame, Bridgestone Arena, and Schermerhorn Symphony Center. The walk was established in 2006 by the Nashville Convention and Visitors Bureau. Gibson Guitars is a founding sponsor. Since 2014, the park has been under construction and is set to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422271", "chunk_text": "\"Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum\"\na replica of the distinctive diamond-shaped WSM radio tower, which was originally built in 1932 just south of Nashville and is still in operation. The Rotunda itself is replete with symbolic architectural elements. For example, the exterior of this cylindrical structure can be viewed variously as a drum kit, a rural water tower, or grain silo. The four disc tiers of the Rotunda's roof evoke the evolution of recording technology—the 78, the vinyl LP, the 45, and the CD. Stone bars on the Rotunda's outside wall symbolize the notes of the Carter Family's classic song \"\"Will the Circle Be Unbroken,\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18317251", "chunk_text": "\"Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame\"\nNashville Songwriters Hall of Fame The Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame was established in 1970 by the Nashville Songwriters Foundation, Inc. in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. A non-profit organization, its objective is to honor and preserve the songwriting legacy that is uniquely associated with the music community in the city of Nashville. The Foundation's stated purpose is to educate, archive, and celebrate the contributions of the members of the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame to the world of music. The Nashville Songwriters Foundation, Inc., is governed by a board of directors, currently consisting of thirteen members. Annually, three songwriters are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9542427", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Music Hall of Fame\"\nAlabama Music Hall of Fame The Alabama Music Hall of Fame, first conceived by the Muscle Shoals Music Association in the early 1980s, was created by the Alabama Music Hall of Fame Board, which then saw to its Phase One construction of a after a statewide referendum in 1987. It currently stands in the town of Tuscumbia, Alabama. The Alabama Music Hall of Fame serves to showcase a multitude of different Alabamians who have had a significant impact upon the music industry. From musicians to songwriters, management, and publishing, The Alabama Music Hall of Fame provides several ways of honoring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9692480", "chunk_text": "\"Dolly Parton\"\nHollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California; a star on the Nashville Star Walk for Grammy winners; and a bronze sculpture on the courthouse lawn in Sevierville. She has called that statue of herself in her hometown \"\"the greatest honor,\"\" because it came from the people who knew her. Parton was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry in 1969, and in 1986 was named one of \"\"Ms. Magazine\"\"'s Women of the Year. In 1986, she was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 1999, Parton received country music's highest honor, an induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1611995", "chunk_text": "\"ProRodeo Hall of Fame\"\ninducted. More than 100 individuals are nominated each year, but only a few are selected. For a complete list of inductees, see List of ProRodeo Hall of Fame inductees. Notable inductees include: ProRodeo Hall of Fame The ProRodeo Hall of Fame and Museum of the American Cowboy was opened in August 1979 as a museum designed to \"\"preserve the legacy of the cowboy contests, the heritage and culture of those original competitions, and the champions of the past, present and future.\"\" It is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and run by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association's (PRCA) board. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16835075", "chunk_text": "\"Academy of Country Music\"\nnumber of other awards to recognize male and female vocalists, albums, videos, songs and musicians. The awards are typically presented in April or May and recognize achievement for the previous year. Academy of Country Music The Academy of Country Music (ACM) was founded in 1964 in Los Angeles, California as the Country & Western Music Academy. Among the founders were Eddie Miller, Tommy Wiggins, and Mickey and Chris Christensen. They wanted to promote country music in the western 13 states with the support of artists based on the West Coast. Artists such as Johnny Bond, Glen Campbell, Merle Haggard, Roger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_146	who do the characters represent in 8 mile?	n/a	[ "loosely on Eminem" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433430", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\n8 Mile (film) 8 Mile is a 2002 American drama film written by Scott Silver, directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Brittany Murphy, Michael Shannon, and Kim Basinger. The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs. It was filmed mostly on location. \"\"8 Mile\"\" was a critical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433435", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nrevenge by competing against the Leaders of the Free World at the next rap battle. However, Jimmy's late-night shift conflicts with the timing of the next battle tournament. A goodbye visit from Alex, who is moving to New York, changes his mind about competing, and Paul agrees to cover his shift at work as a favor while Jimmy goes to the battle. In all rounds of the rap battle, Jimmy has to compete against one member of \"\"the Leaders.\"\" After winning the first two rounds, he faces off against Papa Doc and ultimately wins by exposing all of his opponent's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433433", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nJimmy's friendship with Wink, a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter, becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy's rivals, a rap group known as the \"\"Leaders of the Free World.\"\" At one point, Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders, which is disrupted when Jimmy's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg; he survives but is confined to crutches. At work one day when on lunch break, Jimmy witnesses a rap battle in which an employee insults a gay co-worker,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433434", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nPaul. Jimmy joins the battle and defends Paul. Alex is impressed by Jimmy's actions; they have sex in the factory. Wink arranges for Jimmy to meet with producers at a recording studio, but Jimmy finds Wink and Alex engaging in intercourse. Enraged, Jimmy attacks Wink as Alex tries to break up their altercation. In retaliation, Wink and the Leaders of the Free World assault Jimmy outside his mother's trailer. The leader of the gang, Papa Doc, holds Jimmy at gunpoint, threatening to kill him before being dissuaded by Wink. Jimmy's best friend and battle host, Future, pushes him to get", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699487", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nnot present at the ceremony, but musician Luis Resto accepted the award. The film has been nominated for 32 awards, winning 11. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 8 Mile (film) 8 Mile is a 2002 American drama film written by Scott Silver, directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Brittany Murphy, Michael Shannon, and Kim Basinger. The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11802986", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nand commercial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"\"Lose Yourself\"\". In 1995 Detroit, Jimmy \"\"B-Rabbit\"\" Smith Jr. is a young, unhappy blue-collar worker from a poor family. He has moved back north of 8 Mile Road to the run-down trailer home in Warren, Michigan of his alcoholic mother Stephanie, his little sister Lily, and Stephanie's abusive live-in boyfriend Greg. Although encouraged by his friends, Jimmy worries about his potential as a rapper. He falters during a rap battle one night at a local venue, the Shelter, and he leaves the stage humiliated. Jimmy works at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433432", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\na car factory. When he asks for extra shifts, his supervisor laughs and dismisses his request on account of his habitual tardiness. Jimmy befriends a woman named Alex. Over time, Jimmy begins to take more responsibility for the direction of his life. When he exhibits an improved attitude and performance at work, his supervisor grants him the extra shifts he requested. Stephanie receives an eviction notice as she cannot pay rent. Despite Stephanie's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret, Greg finds out about it. A fight ensues between him and Jimmy, and Greg leaves Stephanie for good.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4478175", "chunk_text": "\"A Mile in His Shoes\"\nof the team. He pairs him with a very nice teammate named Pee Wee who takes Mickey under his wing. Even though Mickey is a good member of the team, he does not fit in and his team mates constantly make fun of him and haze him. Though the movie's focus is on Mickey's journey and his baseball career, the movie also focuses on the importance of raising awareness about Autism. The movie portrays the importance of giving people with autism a chance and treating them with respect. The original book gives each character the chance to show small amounts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699483", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nwith critics praising the music and Eminem's performance. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports the film is \"\"Certified Fresh\"\", with 76% of 206 professional critics giving the film a positive review and a rating average of 7.0 out of 10. The site's consensus is that \"\"Even though the story is overly familiar, there's enough here for an engaging ride.\"\" On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has rating score of 77 based on 38 reviews, which indicates \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9986727", "chunk_text": "\"M-102 (Michigan highway)\"\nby geographic markers such as rivers, hills, and trees, and were therefore rather irregular. Today, the baseline forms the northern or southern boundary of many southern Michigan counties. Tupac Shakur, Tim Roth, and Thandie Newton form the fictitious musical act Eight Mile Road in the 1997 film \"\"Gridlock'd\"\", which is set in Detroit. The movie \"\"8 Mile\"\", starring Detroit-area hip hop artist Eminem, as well as his songs \"\"Lose Yourself\"\" and \"\"8 Mile\"\", take their names and cultural subject matter from the roadway. In addition to these film references, there are songs that refer to 8 Mile Road, some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4724509", "chunk_text": "\"Gridlock'd\"\nCookie (Thandie Newton). They are in a band – in the spoken word genre – called Eight Mile Road, with Cookie on vocals, Spoon on bass guitar (plus secondary vocals) and Stretch on piano. Spoon and Stretch decide to kick their habit after Cookie overdoses on her first hit. Throughout a disastrous day, the two addicts dodge police and local criminals while struggling with an apathetic government bureaucracy that thwarts their entrance to a rehabilitation program. \"\"The New York Times\"\" editor Janet Maslin praised Shakur's performance: \"\"He played this part with an appealing mix of presence, confidence and humor\"\". Desson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "251046", "chunk_text": "\"Ego Trip's The (White) Rapper Show\"\nand practices his battle raps for the next day's elimination. The next day, Serch brings Jus Rhyme, $hamrock, and John Brown to the legendary Shelter in the basement of St. Andrews Hall, the inspiration for the film \"\"8 Mile\"\". Each of the three chooses an elite Detroit battle rapper to go against. $hamrock battled against Bareda. He was able to get in a few insults but stumbled, unable to continue in the second round of his battle. Jus Rhyme battled against La Peace. Similar to $hamrock, he also stumbled a bit, but he had some trouble getting in his punchlines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18719471", "chunk_text": "\"A Mile in His Shoes\"\nwho suffered from it were thought to be \"\"retarded\"\". This story is the story of one of the people who suffered from autism before autism was recognized. The movie takes place in Ohio, but was filmed in areas surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia, including Langley, New Westminster and Queen's Park. The screenplay is written by Jason Koornick and the film is adopted from Frank Nappi's novel, \"\"The Legend of Mickey Tussler\"\". The film centers on Mickey Tussler (Luke Schroder), an 18-year-old from Indiana with Autism, who joins the semi-professional baseball team \"\"the River Rats\"\" after being discovered by Arthur Murphy (Dean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16996183", "chunk_text": "\"A Mile in His Shoes\"\nissue due to the unexplained animosity of the team owner, the nefarious Warren Dennison. Further complications arise when, at Murph's insistence, the team signs a Negro League star, Lester Sledge. Opposition to Lester's presence culminates in an attempted lynching by the local branch of the KKK. Several of Lester's teammates arrive on the scene at the last minute to rescue him, even as another teammate is unmasked as one of the miscreants. The complicity of a corrupt sheriff is documented on a recording device he had been given as a present, but Murph agrees to a deal in which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433436", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nweaknesses as well as his own. With nothing to say in rebuttal, Papa Doc hands the microphone back to Future, embarrassed. After being congratulated by Alex and his friends, Jimmy is offered a position by Future, hosting battles at The Shelter. Jimmy declines, saying he has to get back to work and to find success his own way. \"\"Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile\"\" is the soundtrack to \"\"8 Mile\"\". Eminem features on five tracks from the album. It was released under the Shady/Interscope label and spawned Eminem's first number 1 US single \"\"Lose Yourself\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2834370", "chunk_text": "\"Antwone Fisher (film)\"\nopposite rapper Eminem in \"\"8 Mile\"\", as the grown-up Jesse, Malcolm David Kelley as the young Antwone, and Corey Hodges as the teenage Antwone. Washington repeatedly told the cast and crew “We’re doing it for Antwone.” Inspired by the story of a man who found hope and love through the help of an outstretched hand. In turn, the filmmakers sought to give back to the communities that supported them during the shoot. In the Cleveland neighborhood where the scenes of Fisher's youth and homecoming were shot, the filmmakers went out of their way to leave the urban area and its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20888601", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Miles \"\"C-Note\"\" Franklin\"\nthe escape prevents him from being killed. After the \"\"Fox River Eight's\"\" escape from the prison, C-Note, Michael, Lincoln, Sucre and Abruzzi meet bigger problems as their escape plane takes off and leaves them stranded with numerous police on their trail, forcing them to run into the woods in a desperate attempt to evade their pursuers. In the second season, C-Note’s storyline alternates between his participation in the search for Westmoreland’s money, as well as a separate subplot in which the character seeks to reunite with his family. After parting ways with the other escapees in \"\"Otis\"\", C-Note travels to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720266", "chunk_text": "\"Miles Straume\"\ntells Richard and Miles to open the door back up again when he sees Kate and Sawyer. Miles opens the door and lets in Kate, Sawyer and Claire. After that Miles sits in the back with the others. Miles and the others smile at the sight of the island getting smaller and smaller in the distance. Oceanic Flight 815 does not crash on the Island, resulting in a different background for Miles. Instead of a professional medium, he is an officer of the LAPD along with his partner, James Ford. A comment by Miles indicates that his father is still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699481", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\na clean edition removing most of the strong profanity and violent content. When B-Rabbit raps against Lil' Tic in the first battle the instrumental used was 'Time's Up' produced by Buckwild featuring O.C.. It was revealed by O.C. on the March 6, 2017 episode of Doggie Diamonds No Filter that this sample was never properly cleared with O.C. and Buckwild when the movie was first released. \"\"8 Mile\"\" opened at with $51,240,555 in its opening weekend, the then second highest opening for an R-rated movie in the U.S. The film would go on to gross $116,750,901 domestically, and $126,124,177 overseas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699485", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nEbert and Richard Roeper gave the film a thumbs up; Roeper said that Eminem has a \"\"winning screen presence\"\" and \"\"raw magic\"\" to him. He was happy with Rabbit's \"\"tender side\"\" presented through his relationship with the \"\"adorable\"\" Greenfield as his sister, but felt that Basinger was \"\"really miscast\"\". Roeper said: \"\"8 Mile probably won't win converts to rap, but it should thrill Eminem fans.\"\" Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars. He said that \"\"8 Mile\"\" \"\"is a real movie, not a fast-buck package to exploit the fan base of a rap nonentity\"\" that \"\"qualifies as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699484", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\ncinemagoers gave \"\"8 Mile\"\" was B+ on an A+ to F scale, with the core under-21 demographics giving it an A. Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars. He said that we \"\"are hardly started in \"\"8 Mile\"\", and already we see that this movie stands aside from routine debut films by pop stars\"\" and that it is \"\"a faithful reflection of his myth\"\". He said that Eminem, as an actor, is \"\"convincing without being too electric\"\" and \"\"survives the X-ray truth-telling of the movie camera\"\" In the \"\"At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper\"\" review, both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14040825", "chunk_text": "Sense8\neight characters. Lana Wachowski, a trans woman, has written her first transgender character in her career in the series: Nomi Marks. For that she partly used her own experiences. Jamie Clayton, who plays Nomi, has provided the example of a scene where a young Nomi is bullied by boys in a gym shower, as a scene that was based on experiences from Lana's life. Freema Agyeman, who plays Nomi's girlfriend Amanita, has shared that her character was based heavily on Lana's wife, Karin Winslow. Unlike the first season, where the Wachowskis and Straczynski split the number of scripts in half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9289596", "chunk_text": "\"Section 8 (comics)\"\nSection 8 (comics) Section 8 is a fictional comic book team of superheroes appearing in books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Garth Ennis and artists John McCrea and Steve Dillon, the team first appeared in \"\"Hitman\"\" #18 (September 1997). The team is named after the military designation for \"\"mentally unfit for duty\"\". The team is based in The Cauldron, the Irish section of Gotham City, and is led by Sixpack. They apparently have some sort of heroic history (though this is questionable, owing to the fact that several of their members seem prone to complicated hallucinations) prior to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17318677", "chunk_text": "\"A Mile in His Shoes\"\nCain). At 18 Mickey has very severe autism. His speaking abilities are limited and he usually refers to himself in the third person and recites poetry to himself when he becomes overwhelmed. Mickey's mother (a clarinetist and poet) is forced by her father to marry a man named Clarence who is illiterate and beats both Molly and Mickey. The movie introduces Arthur Murphy (\"\"Murph\"\") who sees Mickey pitching apples to his pig and sees a boy with a lot of potential in a baseball career. He talks Molly, Mickey's mother into letting Mickey come with him to be a part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15706433", "chunk_text": "\"Area code 810\"\nTWX area codes (510, 710, 810, 910) were decommissioned in 1981; Canada moved its remaining 1-610 numbers to area code 600 in 1992. Jimmy \"\"B-Rabbit\"\" Smith (Eminem) refers to area code 810 while free-styling as he fixes his car in the movie \"\"8 Mile\"\" to insult \"\"posers\"\" who live in upperclass southern Macomb County suburbs (which were part of the area code in 1995 when the movie was set) instead of the lower income area code 313, which serves Detroit and Wayne County. The number '810', which is the area code for Flint, Michigan, the band's hometown, was used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5380106", "chunk_text": "\"Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit\"\nthe city of Flint continue east into Lapeer County. Locally, 8 Mile Road is considered the political and social dividing line between the city of Detroit and its northern suburbs. (It marks most of the northern boundary of both Detroit and Wayne County.) In 2002 this local notoriety was promoted to international attention, reflected in the name of Eminem's acclaimed film, \"\"8 Mile\"\". The alignment for 16 Mile Road through Oakland and Macomb Counties is composed of five named roads: Walnut Lake Road turns slightly southward in West Bloomfield and runs parallel to Quarton Road to the south, between Inkster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9625508", "chunk_text": "\"4 Minute Mile\"\nneighbor (Richard Jenkins) to train him and the two form a bond. The movie 4 Minute Mile tells the inspirational story of Drew, a high school student struggling to overcome the inner-city surroundings that threaten to imprison him. After getting manipulated into running drug payments to a local dealer, Drew has nowhere to turn in a family with a deadbeat older brother and an overwhelmed single mom. His only outlet is track practice, but that is taken from him as he continues down the path of his sibling; even the affections of a girl at school can’t set him straight.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4480192", "chunk_text": "\"Mile Post 398\"\nabuse and domestic violence throughout his childhood in result having him resorting to alcohol to repress his memories. As he is willing to take responsible for his life and as husband and father, his drinking buddies Jimmy (Gerald Vandever) and Marty (James Junes) cultivate in having Cloyd continue their carefree lifestyle of drinking and partying, preventing him to change. All the while, his wife Lorraine (Kim White) and son Michael (KJ White) begin to lose hope in him and seriously consider leaving him. As the ensuing events unfold, it leads him making the choice that will change his life forever.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811905", "chunk_text": "\"Miles Straume\"\nby which point only Miles, Faraday, former Other Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) and 815 passengers James \"\"Sawyer\"\" Ford (Josh Holloway) and Jin Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim) remain; Rose Henderson (L. Scott Caldwell), Bernard Nadler (Sam Anderson) and Vincent the dog (Pono) also survive, but they are physically separated and do not meet any of them again for three years until July 1977. Miles and his group move into the Barracks and pseudonymously join the DHARMA Initiative, an organization conducting scientific research while living there that would eventually be purged in 1992 by Ben and the Others. Despite the option to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4996422", "chunk_text": "\"Eight Miles High (film)\"\nEight Miles High (film) Eight Miles High (original title: \"\"Das wilde Leben\"\", lit. \"\"The Wild Life\"\") is a German biographical motion picture, set in the 1960s and depicting the \"\"wild life\"\" of Uschi Obermaier, a West German sex symbol and icon of the era. Obermaier enjoyed sexual freedom at the legendary Kommune 1 in Berlin after being with the krautrock band Bröselpilze. In the Kommune, she becomes friendly with Rainer Langhans. The young woman from Munich gains employment as a model, and becomes a sex symbol and youth icon. Now a cover girl in Playboy magazine, she meets rock stars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6979755", "chunk_text": "\"Eight on the Lam\"\nHenry becomes a prime suspect. He, his family and Ellie take it on the lam to Arizona. A detective, Jasper Lynch (Jonathan Winters), the boyfriend of Golda, is assigned to investigate. Henry's boss at the bank, Pomeroy (Austin Willis), is seen with a sexy younger woman, Monica (Jill St. John), who has expensive tastes. After a chase, Henry is placed under arrest. His kids hide a tape recorder in Pomeroy's pocket, though, and get an admission of guilt. That frees their dad to marry Ellie while the helpful Golda and Jasper do likewise. Eight on the Lam Eight on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16996175", "chunk_text": "\"A Mile in His Shoes\"\nof their own history making the story very complex and compelling. Nappi has produced a knowledgeable yet unsentimental book starring an autistic teenager with a fearsome fastball. Milwaukee Brewer's manager Arthur Murphy recruits 17-year-old farm boy Mickey Tussler as a pitcher for his team. And though Mickey's slowness enrages his impossibly cruel father (who abuses his wife and derides Mickey as a \"\"retard\"\"), the boy's dad is happy to collect his son's pro baseball salary. In short order, Mickey achieves local stardom despite his mental disability and his teammates' clubhouse pranks. Lefty Rogers, the Brewers' southpaw ace, resents Mickey's triumphs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16841402", "chunk_text": "\"Section 8: Prejudice\"\ncontrol points and complete a range of mission objectives to gain victory. The single-player campaign explores the conflict between the 8th Armored Infantry and the Arm of Orion. The player again takes control of Alex Corde, the protagonist of the first game, who must complete eight objective-based missions taking place in four different environments. Like its predecessor, the characters in \"\"Section 8: Prejudice\"\" wear powered armor suits. The player can use \"\"overdrive\"\" to move horizontally at superhuman speeds, or activate their jet pack to achieve new heights. Instead of having fixed spawn points, the player chooses where to \"\"drop in\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19186561", "chunk_text": "\"Miracle Mile (film)\"\nMiracle Mile (film) Miracle Mile is a 1988 American apocalyptic thriller film written and directed by Steve De Jarnatt, and starring Anthony Edwards and Mare Winningham that takes place mostly in real time. It is named after the Miracle Mile neighborhood of Los Angeles, where most of the action takes place. The film takes place in a single day and night. The film opens with the two main characters, Harry (Anthony Edwards) and Julie (Mare Winningham), meeting at the La Brea Tar Pits and immediately falling in love. After spending the afternoon together, they make a date to meet after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4483179", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Miles \"\"C-Note\"\" Franklin\"\nthe first member of the Fox River Eight to be set free by the authorities. Rockmond Dunbar reprises his role in the last two episodes of Prison Break. After he tracks down Sucre, C-Note explains that he is on the run again due to Internal Affairs refusing to hold up their end of the deal and that he has been contacted by a mysterious man (Paul Kellerman) and asked to locate Michael and Lincoln to help them destroy The Company. In the series finale, C-Note and Sucre save the brothers from certain death and later receive full exoneration for their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9289597", "chunk_text": "\"Section 8 (comics)\"\nthe events of \"\"Hitman\"\". The team is headquartered on an artificial island in a sewer. As of the start of the series, the team is split up, although they are all still located within Gotham City. Friendly Fire, Shakes, and Jean de Baton-Baton had retired; the Defenestrator was in Arkham Asylum after throwing a cop through the same window fourteen times; Dogwelder and Flemgem were still stalking the streets of Gotham. Sixpack was a regular at Noonan's Sleazy Bar, believing his drunken dreams of superhero work were real. The team reforms to provide critical support for Tommy Monaghan and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4483173", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Miles \"\"C-Note\"\" Franklin\"\nUtah and eventually reunites with other members of the Fox River Eight in \"\"Subdivision.\"\" In these episodes, C-Note returns to his earlier role as the one who instigates tension amongst the escape team, especially between him and T-Bag. The fugitives spend several episodes digging for the money and ultimately find it. However, C-Note and the others are apparently betrayed by Sucre, who double crosses them all and demands the money while holding them at gun point. Left empty-handed, C-Note returns to Chicago, where he attempts to re-unite with his family in \"\"Unearthed.\"\" Made aware of his fugitive status in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17133897", "chunk_text": "\"Vigilante 8\"\ndetermined to control the global petroleum market and wants the destruction of the US to ensure the success of their plan. The game's protagonists are the Vigilantes, a group of residents from various southwestern US states who band together to preserve law and order in light of the chaos gripping the country. Their leader is Convoy, an old cowboy driving a semi truck. He is accompanied in the fight by his niece Sheila, Las Vegas high-roller John Torque, alien-obsessed hippie Dave, Torque's friend Slick Clyde (whom he bullied to join the group) and FBI agent Chassey Blue, who was assigned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20397994", "chunk_text": "\"Mile 81\"\nwagon (when there had not been any rain in New England for over a week) veers into the Mile 81 rest area, ignoring the sign that says \"\"closed, no services\"\". The driver's door opens but nobody gets out. Doug Clayton, an insurance man from Bangor, is driving to a conference in Portland. In the passenger bucket is a King James Bible, what Doug calls \"\"the ultimate insurance manual\"\", but it is not going to save Doug when he decides to be the Good Samaritan and help the driver of the broken down wagon. He pulls up behind it, puts on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16502001", "chunk_text": "\"The Green Mile (novel)\"\nrow, nicknamed \"\"The Green Mile\"\" for the color of the floor's linoleum. This year marks the arrival of John Coffey, a tall powerfully built black man who has been convicted of raping and murdering two small white girls. During his time on the Mile, John interacts with fellow prisoners Eduard \"\"Del\"\" Delacroix, a Cajun arsonist, rapist, and murderer, and William Wharton (\"\"Billy the Kid\"\" to himself, \"\"Wild Bill\"\" to the guards), a wild-acting and dangerous multiple murderer who is determined to make as much trouble as he can before he is executed. Other inhabitants include Arlen Bitterbuck, a Native American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8433439", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\nfor a total of $242,875,078 worldwide. The film's final domestic gross would hold the film at in Box Office Mojo's \"\"Pop Star Debuts\"\" list, behind \"\"Austin Powers in Goldmember\"\" (Beyoncé) and \"\"The Bodyguard\"\" (Whitney Houston). The \"\"8 Mile\"\" DVD, which was released on March 18, 2003, generated $75 million in sales and rentals in its first week, making it the biggest DVD debut ever for an R-rated movie and putting it in the all-time Top 10 for first week home video sales for a movie. A VHS version was also released on the same date. \"\"8 Mile\"\" received positive reviews,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9289602", "chunk_text": "\"Section 8 (comics)\"\nfill the vacant eighth position with someone from the Justice League. Section 8 (comics) Section 8 is a fictional comic book team of superheroes appearing in books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Garth Ennis and artists John McCrea and Steve Dillon, the team first appeared in \"\"Hitman\"\" #18 (September 1997). The team is named after the military designation for \"\"mentally unfit for duty\"\". The team is based in The Cauldron, the Irish section of Gotham City, and is led by Sixpack. They apparently have some sort of heroic history (though this is questionable, owing to the fact that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14827859", "chunk_text": "\"8 Man\"\ntime, the experiment succeeds. Yokoda is reborn as the armor-skinned android 8 Man, able to dash at impossible speeds, as well as shape-shift into other people. He shifts himself into Yokoda, this time christening himself as \"\"Hachiro Azuma\"\". He keeps this identity a secret, known only to Tani and his police boss Chief Tanaka. Even his girlfriend Sachiko and friend Ichiro do not know he is an android. As 8-Man, Hachiro fights crime (even bringing his own murderers to justice). To rejuvenate his powers, he smokes \"\"energy\"\" cigarettes that he carries in a cigarette case on his belt. In Japan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19531155", "chunk_text": "\"The Short-Timers\"\nseems to have been renamed and altered slightly to portray Eightball in the movie. In additional divergences from the book, in the film T.H.E. Rock does not die, and Crazy Earl is killed by a booby trap. The book characters Daytona Dave, Chili Vendor, and Mr. Payback appear in the movie, just prior to and during the Tet Offensive, but in the book Daytona Dave is described as a California surfer-type, while in the movie he is played by an African American. According to the Gustav Hasford website maintained by Hasford's cousin, Jason Aaron, \"\"The Short-Timers\"\", \"\"The Phantom Blooper: A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2116529", "chunk_text": "\"The Long Walk\"\ndescribed as having actually crawled at four miles per hour after suffering cramps in both feet. Several characters suffer mental breakdowns, one of them killing himself by tearing out his throat, and most characters experience some mental degeneration from the stress and lack of sleep. The protagonist of the novel is Raymond Davis Garraty, a 16-year-old boy from the town of Pownal in Androscoggin County, Maine. Early on, he falls in with several other boys—including Peter McVries, Arthur Baker, Hank Olson, Collie Parker, Pearson, Harkness, and Abraham—who refer to themselves as \"\"The Musketeers\"\". Another Walker, Gary Barkovitch, quickly establishes himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699486", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile (film)\"\na cinematic event by tapping into the roots of Eminem and the fury and feeling that inform his rap.\"\" He praised Hanson's directing and the performances, and compared the final battle with Papa Doc to the fight between Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed in \"\"Rocky\"\". \"\"8 Mile\"\" has been named in various year-end and all-time top lists: In 2003, Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 75th Academy Awards, for his single \"\"Lose Yourself\"\" from the soundtrack of \"\"8 Mile\"\". Thus he became the first hip hop artist ever to win an Academy Award. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19103487", "chunk_text": "\"The Jericho Mile\"\nfight ensues as the blacks and the Hispanics challenge the validity of the picket line. The track is built and Murphy clocks a qualifying time while beating Frank Davies (considered to be one of the fastest milers in the U.S.) to be able to compete in the Olympic trials. Murphy is then called before the U.S Olympic board where it is learned that it was never the board's intention to let a convicted murderer compete at the Olympic trials. Murphy is antagonized by the board member to try to find out if Murphy is sorry for what he did to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20397995", "chunk_text": "\"Mile 81\"\nhis hazard lights, and notices that the wagon has no plates. He is then eaten by the wagon. It is eventually revealed that the \"\"station wagon\"\" is not a station wagon at all, but a sentient, extra-terrestrial entity that only assumed the form of an earthly vehicle in order to lure in unsuspecting victims. In the version in \"\"The Bazaar of Bad Dreams\"\", several more characters are eaten by the station wagon, including a horse owner, the parents of two young children, and a police trooper. Mile 81 Mile 81 is a novella by Stephen King, originally published as an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13550186", "chunk_text": "\"8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture\"\nGame\"\" can be heard and found on the internet, which the words \"\"White House\"\" and \"\"Cheney\"\" are left uncensored. In \"\"Rabbit Run\"\" by Eminem, the word \"\"fuck\"\" was left uncensored once in the clean version of the soundtrack. In \"\"Love Me\"\" by Obie Trice, Eminem and 50 Cent, the word \"\"goddamn\"\" is left uncensored in 50 Cent's verse. Notes Eminem has earned praise from hip-hop producers and pundits for including authentic, era-appropriate beats in the film, despite the expense associated with clearance relative to original music bearing a similar sound. 8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "174784", "chunk_text": "\"Code 8 (2016 film)\"\nmore militarized. Sometime in the future 4% of the earth's population have developed special abilities, but are treated like pariahs and forced by circumstance to live in poverty. The term \"\"special\"\" had become a pejorative and those with abilities are treated poorly by those without. In Lincoln City, Taylor Reed (Robbie Amell), a young man with special powers, struggles to find work as a day laborer. After a dispute over him and his friend Freddie (Aaron Abrams) being shorted in their pay after completing work, Taylor finds himself in a confrontation with police officer Alex Park (Sung Kang) and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_147	who has won india's next super star?	n/a	[ "Natasha Bharadwaj", "Aman Gandotra" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1902606", "chunk_text": "\"India's Next Superstars\"\nIndia's Next Superstars India's Next Superstars (INS) is an Indian talent-search reality TV show, which premiered on Star Plus and is streamed on Hotstar. Karan Johar and Rohit Shetty are the judges for the show. Aman Gandotra and Natasha Bharadwaj were declared winners of the 2018 season. Shruti Sharma won a 'Special Mention' award. Runners up in the male category were Aashish Mehrotra and Harshvardhan Deo and in the female category were Naina Singh and Shruti Sharma. Ten males and ten females live together and are judged on the basis of their performances in acting and dancing assignments, with contestants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3186963", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Idol Junior\"\na substitute judge for Shreya Ghoshal during an episode. Guests included Farhan Akhtar, Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, and Bappi Lahiri. Shahrukh Khan, Rohit Shetty and Deepika Padukone featured as special guests to promote their upcoming film \"\"Chennai Express\"\". The top 11 contestants were invited back to perform for the grand finale. Shahid Kapoor, Ram Charan and Priyanka Chopra were also present. Amitabh Bachchan gave away the first Indian Idol Junior trophy to Anjana Padmanaban. Ananya Sritam Nanda, from Bhubaneshwar, was the winner. The judges were Salim Merchant, Sonakshi Sinha and Vishal Dadlani. Shalmali Kholgade had appeared for the preliminary selection rounds,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12206083", "chunk_text": "\"Super Dancer\"\ninjury), Tiyash Saha & Harsh Dhara (both standby contestants) were called back on 30 October 2016 to gain a Power Card Entry into the competition. The judges chose Laxman Kumbhar & Siddhanth Damedhar and they Re-entered the competition. Winner Ditya Sagar Bhande from Mumbai won the first season of Super dancer. Her choreographer was Ruel Dausan. This season was started from 30 September 2017 and last episode of this season was aired on 24 March 2018. Three contestants, Vaishnavi Prajapati from Panipat with her Super Guru Manan, Akash Mitra from Patna with his Super Guru Rishikesh Jogdand and Mishti Sinha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601056", "chunk_text": "\"Star Singer\"\ncontestants were involved in special grooming and choreography sessions. The final round of the competition was held on 19 April 2008 and the final votes via text messages were close to 500,000. \"\"Najim Arshad\"\" from Thiruvananthapuram won the final round, winning the brand new flat which was sponsored by The Confident Group. The first runner-up was \"\"Durga Viswanath\"\" and she got a Ford Fiesta car sponsored by The Alukkas Jewellery Group. The second runner-up was \"\"Thushar M K\"\" and the third runner-up was \"\"Arun Gopan\"\" This season of Idea Star Singer was flagged off by Malayalam action hero Suresh Gopi,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10726167", "chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nlive via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on Colors TV. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through Voot App. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts in the show. The show is hosted by TV Actor Ravi Dubey. The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is Hemant Brijwasi. In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, \"\"Rising Star\"\" features a cast of celebrity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2168110", "chunk_text": "\"Star Singer\"\nAnuradha Sriram. The title winner of Sunfeast Delishus Star Singer was Malavika Anilkumar from Thrissur, Kanimang alam. She won a flat in Kochi worth Rupees 50 lakh from Confident Group run by Dr. C.J Roy.followed by reshma raghavendra,aslam abdul majid at 2nd and third position respectively. Asianet has not made clear how the SMS votes are attributed before and after on each contestants reaching the 'danger zone' leading to their elimination. It is alleged that the SMS votes received are not added to decide the ranking of the contestants. The number or the percentage of SMS votes received by each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9584893", "chunk_text": "\"Shantanu Maheshwari\"\never Bollywood theme park in Dubai which opened in October 2016. He also appeared in a promotional dance video for Fashion at Big Bazaar alongside Terence Lewis (choreographer). He then participated in the celebrity dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa on Colors. He was one of the most consistent performers in the show and became the most popular and strongest contender for the title. He received praise from seasoned actor Ronit Roy who called him a \"\"winner and my star\"\". Bollywood star Hrithik Roshan called Maheshwari a 'flying star'. He was the second runner-up of the show. In 2017, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "937149", "chunk_text": "\"Shivanku Bhatt\"\nyear 2014. Shivanku has also been a part of the jury for the female beauty pageant title – Ms. North India (2014). Recently, he was also featured in a Kumaoni folk album - 'Sun le Dagadia’, released by Mumbai-based Anmol Productions. Shivanku Bhatt Shivanku Bhatt (born 6 June 1989) is an Indian model and actor who won the title of Mr. India Worldwide in 2014. Born in Dehradun to a traditional Garhwali family, Shivanku originally hails from Pauri, Uttarakhand. He is the youngest child of Madhu and Shailendra Kumar Bhatt. With his mother being an active social worker and having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601059", "chunk_text": "\"Star Singer\"\naired live on 25 April 2009 from the Chandrashekaran Nair Stadium, Trivandrum and it was hosted by Ranjini Haridas and Meera Nandan (a contestant from the 2007 season) a held at The special chief guest for the finale was Music Director MS Viswanathan. The 2008 season was won by \"\"Vivek Anand \"\" and \"\"Sonia\"\" in the male and female winner categories respectively. The first runner-up was \"\"Rahul R Laxman\"\" and he was presented with 101 tolas of gold sponsored by Josco Jewellers. The fourth prize of Rs. 2 Lac went to \"\"Gayathri\"\". Consolation prizes were given to \"\"Jins Gopinath\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12395067", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Super League\"\nteams are owned by prominent businessmen, as well as celebrity owners from bollywood and cricket. The Indian Super League owners act as the league's \"\"League Partners\"\". British professional services group, Ernst & Young, were hired to draw up a criteria for the team bidding process and they were required to approve the potential owners. In April 2014 the owners were announced. Bollywood stars such as Ranbir Kapoor, John Abraham, and Salman Khan were bid winners, as well as cricket stars Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly. Football clubs such as Atlético Madrid and Shillong Lajong were also bid winners. Despite careful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8674315", "chunk_text": "\"STAR Voice of India\"\nthan Priyani, hence all the judges revised their decision and pressed for Priyani to be brought back into the show, citing that a difference of 16 votes is negligible in a contest where hundreds of thousands of votes are sent. The Grand Finale was held on 24 November 2007. Ishmeet Singh Sodhi was the winner and Harshit Saxena was the runner-up. From the South Zone, Harshit received 55% of the votes; in the East Zone, he received 52% of the votes and from the West Zone he received 60% of the votes. However, counting the North Zone votes, Ishmeet won.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12206088", "chunk_text": "\"Super Dancer\"\nName 2018 Super Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11781706", "chunk_text": "\"India's Raw Star\"\nIndia's Raw Star India's Raw Star was an Indian singing competition series created by Gajendra Singh of Saibaba Telefilms which began airing on Star Plus from 24 August 2014. It was hosted by model-actress and \"\"Bigg Boss 7\"\" winner Gauahar Khan and mentored by singer-rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh. Rituraj Mohanty won the first season on 30 November 2014 with Darshan Raval and Mohit Gaur finishing second and third respectively. The other contestants were Sagar Bhatia, Akasa Singh, pardeep singh sran etc. Mohan Rathore , winner of a Bhojpuri singing competition 'Sur Sangram' was also one of the contestants. Arjun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1887316", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Idol\"\nSandeep Acharya, released his first solo album, Mere Saath Saara Jahaan, which failed to get much attention. Acharya later died from jaundice in December 2013. The first runner-up, N. C. Karunya from Hyderabad, released a solo album titled \"\"Aapka Karunya\"\". His song \"\"Aane Chaar Aane\"\" appeared in the film \"\"Lage Raho Munna Bhai\"\". Anuj Sharma, who finished third, released a solo album titled \"\"Khwaab\"\" in 2010. Neha Kakkar also participated in the second season of Indian Idol, and has had a string of hits in the 2016 and 2017 timeframe. She is one of the most successful Bollywood singers in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "388973", "chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 1)\"\ntelevision debut. The show is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, won Rs. 20 lakhs and also an opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The Live auditions began on 4 February 2017 and lasted for 8 episodes. The top 30 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 4 March 2017. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals. Episode 9: 4 March 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "937147", "chunk_text": "\"Shivanku Bhatt\"\nShivanku Bhatt Shivanku Bhatt (born 6 June 1989) is an Indian model and actor who won the title of Mr. India Worldwide in 2014. Born in Dehradun to a traditional Garhwali family, Shivanku originally hails from Pauri, Uttarakhand. He is the youngest child of Madhu and Shailendra Kumar Bhatt. With his mother being an active social worker and having served as the Vice-Chairperson in the Badrinath-Kedarnath Temple Committee, Shivanku was raised in a spiritually and ethically sound household. His father works as a Forest Officer with the Uttarakhand Government. Bhatt completed his academics in Law from the University of Petroleum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2921342", "chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Indian TV series)\"\nshow is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, winning Rs. 20 lakhs and the opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The second season of \"\"Rising Star\"\" was started on 20 January 2018. The expert panel remains the same, with Mahadevan, Thakur and Dosanjh. The second season is hosted by television actor Ravi Dubey. The registration of the third of Rising Star started from 16 December 2019.Audition and Casting are underway. In contrast to other singing competition TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16330161", "chunk_text": "\"Srishti Kaur\"\nRuben Dario National Theatre in Nicaragua’s capital Managua. She also won the prize for best national costume. She was included in the list of \"\"Top 30 under 30 young achievers\"\" by Hindustan Times. She is the brand ambassador of \"\"Indian Cancer Society\"\". She also runs a school for the underprivileged children by the name of \"\"Apna Ghar\"\". She also runs an online retail chain store in India by the name of \"\"Crystal Sourcing\"\". Srishti Kaur Srishti Kaur is an Indian model, entrepreneur and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Teen Universe 2017. She is the first ever Indian-Asian winner of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15110675", "chunk_text": "\"Ruprekha Banerjee\"\nRuprekha Banerjee Ruprekha Banerjee () (born 1984 in Kolkata) was one of the three finalists of \"\"Fame Gurukul\"\", one of the most watched television shows in India, along with Rex D'Souza and Qazi Touqeer. On 20 October 2005, she won the top prize along with Touqeer. Her debut album, \"\"Yeh Pal\"\", with Qazi Touqeer, went Double Platinum in India and sold over 5 million copies worldwide. She participated in a new reality show aired by Star Plus named \"\"Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar\"\" and \"\"Royal Bengal Super Star\"\" by Star Jalsa. Ruprekha Banerjee was born on 28 July 1984 in Bongaon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14274133", "chunk_text": "\"Dadagiri Unlimited\"\nround, their answers are kept unknown to each other until they have finalized them. The contestant who has scored more runs, wins the game. In season 3 'Bapi Bari Jaa' round was renamed as 'Check Mate' round, in season 4 it was again named as 'Bapi Bari Jaa'. The winning districts of Dadagiri Unlimited in different seasons are : • Season 1 — Shah Rukh Khan • Season 2 — Prosenjit Chatterjee, Jeet & Mithun Chakraborty • Season 3 — Alka Yagnik & Udit Narayan • Season 4 — Farhan Akhtar & Vidya Balan • Season 5 — Bipasha Basu,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917248", "chunk_text": "\"Shilpa Shinde\"\nbecame finalists on the show along with actress Hina Khan and businessman Puneesh Sharma. Shinde beat the other three finalists and was declared the winner of \"\"Bigg Boss 11\"\" on 14 January 2018. She was again called in Bigg Boss 12 as a guest contestant with her fellow contestant Vikas Gupta for eventually raising the TRP of the show. Shilpa Shinde Shilpa Shinde (born 28 August 1977) is an Indian actress who works in television. Shinde made her television debut in 1999 but came to the spotlight for her role in STAR Plus's soap opera \"\"Bhabhi\"\" (2002–08). Shinde is best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2168108", "chunk_text": "\"Star Singer\"\nwere eliminated based on SMS votes in the grand finale secured third and fourth runner up positions respectively. Kalpana Raghavendar won the 2010 Star Singer contest. She won a villa worth INR 10,000,000. Mridula Warrier became the first runner-up. She won gold worth INR 1,500,000. Immanuel Henry became the second runner-up. He won gold worth INR 750,000. Antony John became the third runner-up. He won INR 500,000. Akhil Krishnan became the fourth runner-up. He won INR 200,000. Antony also won a special prize of INR 500,000 from film actor Mohanlal but due to shooting and other problems, Mohanlal wasn't able", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665844", "chunk_text": "Arav\nArav Arav (born as Nafeez Kizar) is an Indian model and actor who has worked in the Tamil film industry. After making his acting debut through the Vijay Antony-starrer \"\"Saithan\"\" (2016), he rose to fame after winning the first season of the Tamil reality television show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" hosted by Kamal Haasan. Arav was born in Nagercoil in southern Tamil Nadu as Nafeez Kizar. His father worked as a professor at Trichy Government Law College, which prompted the family to shift to Trichy, where Arav spent his formative years. He did his schooling in Trichy at Kamala Niketan Montessori School", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917241", "chunk_text": "\"Shilpa Shinde\"\neventually won on 14 January 2018. Shilpa Shinde was born on 28 August 1977 into a Maharashtrian middle-class family. Her father, Dr. Satyadeo Shinde, was the judge of a High Court while her mother Geeta satyadeo Shinde is a homemaker. She has two elder sisters and a younger brother. Shinde was a psychology student at K.C. College, Mumbai, but failed to obtain her bachelor's degree. Her father wanted her to study law, but she was not interested in studying the subject. Shinde met actor Romit Raj on the set of TV show \"\"Maayka\"\" (2007–2009). The two started dating each other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19355922", "chunk_text": "\"India at Big Four international beauty pageants\"\nin 1997. Actor and model Yukta Mookhey was later crowned Miss World 1999. Six years after Sushmita Sen’s win, three Indians made a total sweep in 2000: Lara Dutta, Priyanka Chopra and Dia Mirza went on to win Miss Universe, Miss World and Miss Asia Pacific International (predecessor of Miss Earth pageant) titles respectively. In 2010, Nicole Faria from Bangalore became the first Indian woman to win the Miss Earth pageant and in 2017, Manushi Chhillar won the Miss World 2017 title. <br> × Did not compete<br> ↑ No pageant held Femina Miss India<br> I AM She – Miss Universe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13868981", "chunk_text": "\"Sushmita Sen\"\nfilm titled \"\"Nirbaak\"\". In Sushmita's career, this was her first film in Bengali language. Sen adopted a baby girl in 2000 and a second girl in 2010. Sushmita Sen Sushmita Sen (born 19 November 1975) is an Indian actress, model who was crowned Femina Miss India Universe in 1994 and she later won the Miss Universe 1994 contest at the age of 18. Sen is the first Indian woman to win the competition. Primarily known for her work in Hindi films, she has also appeared in Tamil and Bengali language films. She has won several accolades including a Filmfare Award.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20366758", "chunk_text": "\"Sonika Kaliraman\"\nSonika Kaliraman Sonika Kaliraman is the first Indian woman wrestler to win the title of Bharat Kesri in Bharat Kesri Dangal in 2001. She was a contestant on the popular reality show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" in 2011. Kaliraman is daughter of former wrestler Chandgi Ram (Master Chadgiram). She was trained by her father who always dreamt of his four daughters becoming wrestlers. He even had to fight against social norms and with the Indian Wrestling Foundation for many years. Her brother Jagdish Kaliraman is also a wrestler. She married US-based businessman, Siddharth Malik. Kaliraman alleged that in 1998-99 when she travelled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12206080", "chunk_text": "\"Super Dancer\"\nSuper Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are not only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3327257", "chunk_text": "\"Ruprekha Banerjee\"\nand Purbayan Chatterjee. Ruprekha Banerjee Ruprekha Banerjee () (born 1984 in Kolkata) was one of the three finalists of \"\"Fame Gurukul\"\", one of the most watched television shows in India, along with Rex D'Souza and Qazi Touqeer. On 20 October 2005, she won the top prize along with Touqeer. Her debut album, \"\"Yeh Pal\"\", with Qazi Touqeer, went Double Platinum in India and sold over 5 million copies worldwide. She participated in a new reality show aired by Star Plus named \"\"Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar\"\" and \"\"Royal Bengal Super Star\"\" by Star Jalsa. Ruprekha Banerjee was born on 28 July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6592995", "chunk_text": "\"Ravi Dubey\"\nhe ended up being the 2nd Runner-up whilist Shantanu Maheshwari was the winner and Hina Khan was the 1st Runner-up. In November 2017, Dubey was seen as one of the contestants in the Colors comedy show \"\"Entertainment Ki Raat\"\" along with Dipika Kakar & Asha Negi. He also participated in Star Plus reality show \"\"Lip Sing Battle\"\" along with wife Sargun Mehta, Rithvik Dhanjani & Asha Negi. In January 2018, Ravi hosted the Colors singing reality show \"\"Rising Star\"\" which was judged by Diljit Dosanjh. In June 2018, he also hosted the Star Plus game show \"\"Sabse Smart Kaun\"\". Ravi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5759705", "chunk_text": "\"India's Got Talent (season 7)\"\nthe act.<br> The judges did not have buzzers in the outdoor studio, instead each of them have a red \"\"X\"\" sign. The season finale was aired on 9 July 2016. Anil Kapoor, Varun Dhawan, Jacqueline Fernandez, John Abraham were the Guest of Grand Finale. Suleiman was the winner of the season and second position was got by Papaya And Antara. India's Got Talent (season 7) The seventh season of India's Got Talent premiered on 30 April 2016. Bharti Singh and Siddharth Shukla returned to present the show. Malaika Arora Khan and Karan Johar returned for their fourth season, while Kirron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4759841", "chunk_text": "\"Pooja Chopra\"\nand Juvederm Voluma. On 30 April 2010 Chopra crowned her successor Manasvi Mamgai as the next Miss India World. She was featured in Times 50 Most Beautiful Women. The list features India's most beautiful faces. Chopra won the \"\"Times Powerful Woman Award 2017\"\" in the field of acting. The list features the most eminent personalities who have made it on their own merit. Considering their shared interest in fitness, Pooja chopra, along with Akshay Kumar, launched the Asian Heart Institute Initiative \"\"Happy Heart India\"\" campaign for underprivileged children in 2018. Chopra was also invited by the BMC to lead the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1400271", "chunk_text": "\"Super Singer Junior\"\nthat contestant Jessica Judes would donate any prize she won to Ceylon Tamil orphanages, a gesture that has not been made by any other contestant throughout the history of the show. At the conclusion of the finale, Spoorthi Santosh Rao won the Airtel Super Singer Junior 4 title and Jessica Judes won her placement as runner up of Airtel Super Singer Junior 4, ahead of the third placed finalist Haripriya, and fourth placed finalists Anushya, Srisha, and Bharath. Spoorthi Santhosh Rao (also known as Contestant SSJ03 Spoorthi) was born 3 April 2005, and 9 years old at the time of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17024008", "chunk_text": "\"Rohit Kalia\"\nRohit Kalia Rohit Kalia is an Indian Australian actor and model who appears in Telugu, Tamil and English language films. He is also the winner of first ever Mr India Australia title held in Sydney, Australia in 2014. Rohit was also selected as a Body Fit Model for Big W clothing brand at Sydney in June 2018. Born in Pune to the North Indian parents in a Punjabi family, he did his schooling in Ludhiana at B.C.M. Arya Model School, and graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Nagpur University at Raisoni College of Engineering and then joined Infosys. In 2010, Rohit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3003002", "chunk_text": "\"Dance India Dance\"\nas the winner of the second season. Om Chetry, Rohan Parkale and Saumya Rai came second, third and fourth respectively. The third season began broadcasting on 1 March 2014. Geeta Kapoor, Ahmad Khan and Mudassar Khan were judges, along with Sanam Johar, Raghav Crockroaz Juyal/ Omkar Shinde, Rahul Shetty and Paul Marshal Cardoz and Swarali Karulkar, as skippers. The teams were Raghav/Omkar ke Rockstar, Sanam ke Superheroes, Rahul and Paul ke Rapchik Punters and Swarali ke Sparklers. Teriya Magar from Nepal was declared the winner, and Anushka Chetry became the 1st runner-up. Sadhwin Shetty was the 2nd runner-up. DID Li'l", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "536940", "chunk_text": "\"Vindu Dara Singh\"\nVindu Dara Singh Vindu Dara Singh (born 6 May 1964) is a professional wwe wrestler. He is the winner of the third season of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\". Vindu made his acting debut in the 1994 Hindi film \"\"Karan\"\". Then he acted in 1996 Punjabi film, \"\"Rab Dian Rakhan\"\" as a hero followed by \"\"Mitter Pare Nu Hall Mureedan Da Kehna\"\", and in \"\"Jatt James Bond\"\", with Gippy Grewal and \"\"Lion Of Punjab\"\", with Daljit Dosanjh. Since then, he has acted in many films, mostly in supporting roles. He has also acted in TV serials, including the role of Hanuman in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10619868", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Idol\"\n1 crore with Sony Entertainment Television and a TATA Winger. She released an album, \"\"Meherbaan\"\", as per a contract with Sony. She also performed a few stage shows around the country and overseas with Sony TV.Kapil Thapa was runner-up while Torsha Sarkar finished third. The fourth season saw Anu Malik and Javed Akhtar on the hot seats as they took the judges' chair once again for the show. New to this season were singer Kailash Kher and Indian actress Sonali Bendre. The fourth season was hosted by Hussain Kuwajerwala and Meiyang Chang. One of the contestants, Bhavya Pandit, received an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5292438", "chunk_text": "\"India Ke Mast Kalandar\"\n14 October 2018. The chief guest for this grand event was Badshah who spread rocking environment and appreciated and also judged the event. The winner of the Season 1 of India Ke Mast Kalandar was Rahul Kumar. The winner got the trophy along with a cheque of ₹15,00,000 and runner up are - The Dazzlers, Ved, Raja Aadam, Sameer, Vikram & Shrusthi, John & Azim, Filmy Kawwals. Geeta Kapoor, Mika Singh, Badshah rocked the stage with their rocking performances. Winner - Rahul Kumar Runner Up: - The Dazzlers - Ved - Raja Aadam - Sameer - Vikram & Shrusthi -", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "841178", "chunk_text": "\"Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest\"\nrunners-up at the pageant, most notably Dino Morea, Zulfi Syed and John Abraham, all of whom have since established themselves in the Bollywood industry. The contest has also given India some of the finest models ever seen by Indian fashion industry like supermodel Muzamil Ibrahim, actor and model Siddharth Shukla, model Farhad Shahnawaz, actor and model Abhimanyu Jain, 4th runner up Manhunt International 2006 and Arry Dabas, semifinalist in 2012. Other notable winners include Romeo Gates, Ahran Chaudhary and Ravi Awana. In 2005, Siddharth Shukla, winner of Gladrags Manhunt 2004, represented India at the Best Model Of The World contest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2168107", "chunk_text": "\"Star Singer\"\n\"\"Prasobh\"\". Idea Star Singer returned on air for its fourth season in 2009. The grand prize was a villa valued at Rs 1 crore villa sponsored by Travancore Builders. The Grand Finale was held on 1 August 2010 at Chandrashekaran Nair Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram and it was judged by S.P.Balasubramanyam, M.G.Sreekumar, K.S. Chithra and Sarath. The five contestants who made it to the finale were Joby John, Preethi Warrior, Sreenath, Anju Joseph and Vidhya Shankar. The season was won by Joby John. Sreenath and Preethi were selected as the first and second runner up respectively. Anju Joseph and Vidya Sankar who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601053", "chunk_text": "\"Star Singer\"\nto the contestants in every stage of the competition. Starting out in 2006 along the lines of Indian Idol, the chief judge on the show was Malayalam music director M. Jayachandran accompanied by a panel of veteran musicians like K. S. Chithra, M. G. Radhakrishnan, Tippu, Deepak Dev, Jassie Gift, Chitra Iyer, Sugeetha Menon and many other pioneers from the music industry. The show was co-hosted by singers Vidhu Prathap, Biju Narayanan, Rimi Tomy and Joy John Antony.Out of approximately 7,000 contestants participating from various states of the country the season was won by Arun Raj in the male category", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12529256", "chunk_text": "\"Sushant Divgikar\"\nSushant Divgikar Sushant Divgikar is an Indian model, actor, performer, singer and video jockey who appears in television shows and films. In July 2012, he was crowned Mr Gay India 2014. He represented India at Mr Gay World 2014. He won various special awards during Mr Gay World 2014, and has been the only delegate from India to win the three sub awards since, however he failed to get the Title. He is widely known for participating in India's most popular TV reality show \"\"Bigg Boss 8\"\". Divgikar was born to Goan Konkani parents, Pradeep Divgikar and Bharati Divgikar in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18687878", "chunk_text": "\"Glamanand Supermodel India 2018\"\npageant to take place in New Delhi India. 26 year old Devika Vaid from Delhi was crowned Glamanand Miss India Earth 2018 by outgoing titleholder Shaan Suhas Kumar (Miss Earth India 2017). Shweta Parmar and Simran Sharma were adjudged first and second runners up, respectively. Devika Vaid was supposed to represent India at Miss Earth 2018, but 10 days prior to the international pageant, she suffered a leg injury. Nishi Baradwaj, 23 year old model and semifinalist of Glamanand Supermodel India 2018 was named as the new Miss Earth India. She represented India at the 18th edition of Miss Earth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13868973", "chunk_text": "\"Sushmita Sen\"\nSushmita Sen Sushmita Sen (born 19 November 1975) is an Indian actress, model who was crowned Femina Miss India Universe in 1994 and she later won the Miss Universe 1994 contest at the age of 18. Sen is the first Indian woman to win the competition. Primarily known for her work in Hindi films, she has also appeared in Tamil and Bengali language films. She has won several accolades including a Filmfare Award. After completing her reign as Miss Universe, Sen began receiving various offers to act in movies. She made her acting debut with the Hindi film \"\"Dastak\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19158368", "chunk_text": "Mahaquizzer\nedition of Mahaquizzer was held on 27 May 2012. Jayashree Jayakar Mohanka from Kolkata won, becoming the first woman contestant to win the title. 1. Jayashree Jayakar Mohanka 81 2. Adittya Nath Mubayi 74 3. G Swaminathan 71 4. Samanth Subramanian 69 5. Anustup Dutta 68 6. Ravi Mundoli 68 7. Mukund Sridhar 67 8. Saranya Jayakumar 66 9. P. Srikant 66 10. Rajiv Rai 65 The ninth edition of Mahaquizzer was held on 26 May 2013. Anustup Datta from Bangalore won, becoming the first contestant to win the title three times. There was a three-way tie for the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "587817", "chunk_text": "\"Hiru Golden Film Award\"\nawards were given. The ceremony witnessed the participation of Bollywood stars - Vivek Oberoi, Alka Yagnik, Anil Kapoor, Suniel Shetty and Bipasha Basu. 42 awards were given. The ceremony witnessed the participation of six Bollywood stars - Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Jackie Shroff, Suniel Shetty, Karisma Kapoor and Neil Nitin Mukesh. The third Hiru Golden award Ceremony was held on 27 October 2018 at the Sugathadasa Indoor stadium. 40 awards were given in the ceremony. The ceremony witnessed the participation of seven Bollywood stars - Govinda, Shilpa Shetty, Sonakshi Sinha, Saif Ali Khan, Juhi Chawla, Sidharth Malhotra and Zareen Khan. Hiru", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19189522", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Super League\"\nThe selected cities/state were Bangalore, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Pune. Former India cricket player Sachin Tendulkar, along with PVP Ventures, won the bidding for the Kochi franchise. Another former Indian cricket player, Sourav Ganguly, along with a group of Indian businessmen and La Liga side Atlético Madrid, won the bid for the Kolkata franchise. Meanwhile, Bollywood stars John Abraham, Ranbir Kapoor, and Salman Khan won the bid for the Guwahati, Mumbai, and Pune franchises respectively. Bangalore and Delhi were won by companies while Goa was won by a partnership between Videocon, Dattaraj Salgaocar, and I-League side, Dempo.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18507953", "chunk_text": "\"Bigg Boss\"\nVindu Dara Singh, Shweta Tiwari, Juhi Parmar, Urvashi Dholakia, Gauhar Khan, Gautam Gulati, Prince Narula, Manveer Gurjar, and Shilpa Shinde have been the winners of the first eleven seasons of the show respectively. \"\"Bigg Boss Kannada\"\" is the Kannada version of the show was the first south Indian adaption of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\". Popular actor Sudeep was roped in by ETV Kannada to play the host of the show for the first season in 2013. Star India acquired the license for the show and the second season was aired on Suvarna with Sudeep continuing his role as the host of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8322510", "chunk_text": "\"Max Fashion\"\nenable young aspirants’ dreams of getting their foothold in the Bollywood, entertainment and glamour industry. Max Emerging Star 2017 is associated with eminent stars from Bollywood namely, acting Legend Anupam Kher and India’s favorite Dance Guru Terence Lewis. 2016 was the third year of Elite Model Look India and Max association. This year, the property was conducted at a grand scale in India across 7 cities with more than 10,000 participants along with the grand world finale taking place in Milan, with India winners competing with 30 other countries. The third edition of Max Design Awards was conducted for fashion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5759703", "chunk_text": "\"India's Got Talent (season 7)\"\nIndia's Got Talent (season 7) The seventh season of India's Got Talent premiered on 30 April 2016. Bharti Singh and Siddharth Shukla returned to present the show. Malaika Arora Khan and Karan Johar returned for their fourth season, while Kirron Kher returned for her seventh season. The show is presented by Maruti Suzuki and powered by L'Oréal Paris once again. The show was broadcast every weekend, Saturday-Sunday at 9 pm (IST) and had its \"\"Grand Finale\"\" on July 9, 2016; with \"\"Suleiman\"\" being declared as the latest winner of the series. The golden buzzer returned for its third series. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_148	what was the first video game for nintendo?	n/a	[ "Magnavox Odyssey", "EVR Race" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10213717", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nWii console, which is based on their own emulation technology. Initial titles released included \"\"Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" and \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", with blockbuster titles such as \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"Punch-Out!!\"\" and \"\"Metroid\"\" appearing in the following months. In 2007, Nintendo Co., Ltd. announced that it would no longer repair Famicom systems, due to an increasing shortage of the necessary parts. History of the Nintendo Entertainment System Nintendo's 8-bit video game console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), known in Japan as the or , was introduced after the video game crash of 1983 in North America. It enjoyed a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1513970", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo arcade machines\"\nbe \"\"Donkey Kong\"\" (1981) and \"\"Mario Bros.\"\" (1983). Many of Nintendo's games were also released for their Japan-only Color TV home console series, which played arcade games on home televisions. Nintendo's first series of home consoles was commercially successful. Computer Othello (June 1978) is a clone of the board game \"\"Reversi\"\". It was the first game produced by Nintendo R&D1, the team that later produced the first \"\"Mario\"\", \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", \"\"Duck Hunt\"\", and \"\"Kid Icarus\"\" games. R&D1 was led by Gunpei Yokoi, who later created the Game Boy, and included \"\"Mario\"\" and \"\"Legend of Zelda\"\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto. Block Fever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016282", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nof Nintendo's most famous video games and become one of the most recognisable figures in the video game industry. In 1975, Nintendo moved into the video arcade game industry with \"\"EVR Race\"\", designed by their first game designer, Genyo Takeda, and several more games followed. Nintendo had some small success with this venture, but the release of \"\"Donkey Kong\"\" in 1981, designed by Miyamoto, changed Nintendo's fortunes dramatically. The success of the game and many licensing opportunities (such as ports on the Atari 2600, Intellivision and ColecoVision) gave Nintendo a huge boost in profit and in addition, the game also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071983", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nsuccess at this, Nintendo began developing its own video games, both for home and for arcades. In the 1970s, Mitsubishi Electric proposed joint development of \"\"Color TV Game Machine\"\". In 1977, they released \"\"Color TV Game 6\"\" and \"\"Color TV Game 15\"\" (6 and 15 indicates the number of games). Their first video arcade game was 1975's \"\"EVR Race\"\"; a handful of others followed in the next several years, \"\"Radar Scope\"\" and \"\"Donkey Kong\"\" being among the most famous of these. The early 1980s saw Nintendo's video game division (led by Yokoi) creating some of its most famous arcade titles.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997244", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nNintendo Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto. Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalisation, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"\"Mario\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\", and \"\"Pokémon\"\". Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels. Abandoning previous ventures in favour of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo developed into a video game company in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122128", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nthe Nintendo Beam Gun, in 1970; this was the first commercially available light-gun for home use, produced in partnership with Sharp. In 1972, Nintendo released the Ele-Conga, one of the first programmable drum machines. It could play pre-programmed rhythms from disc-shaped punch cards, which could be altered or programmed by the user, to play different patterns. In 1972, the first commercially available video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey, had a light gun accessory, the Shooting Gallery. This was the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the \"\"International Journal of Computer Game Research\"\": \"\"in 1971,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122119", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nHistory of Nintendo The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video game company by revenue. Nintendo started out as a small Japanese company, founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889, as Nintendo Koppai. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed \"\"hanafuda\"\". The name \"\"Nintendo\"\" is commonly assumed to mean \"\"leave luck to heaven\"\", but there are no historical records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016281", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nto distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan in 1974. Nintendo began to produce its own hardware in 1977, with the Color TV-Game home video game consoles. Four versions of these consoles were produced, each including variations of a single game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featured six versions of \"\"Light Tennis\"\"). A student product developer named Shigeru Miyamoto was hired by Nintendo at this time. He worked for Yokoi, and one of his first tasks was to design the casing for several of the Color TV-Game consoles. Miyamoto went on to create, direct and produce some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10783065", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nHistory of the Nintendo Entertainment System Nintendo's 8-bit video game console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), known in Japan as the or , was introduced after the video game crash of 1983 in North America. It enjoyed a long lifespan and dominated the North American video game market during the late 80's. Facing obsolescence in 1989 with the advent of 16-bit consoles, it was later supplanted by its successor, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, but support and production continued until 1995. After its discontinuation, interest in the NES has since been renewed by collectors and emulators, including Nintendo's own Virtual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122132", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nThe massively popular \"\"Donkey Kong\"\" was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on several later Nintendo arcade games of this same period, including the original \"\"Mario Bros.\"\" (not to be confused with the later \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\") In addition to this arcade and dedicated console game activity, Nintendo was testing the consumer handheld video game waters with the Game & Watch. Game &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071985", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nWatch or G&W is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each Game & Watch features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock and/or an alarm. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success, with 43.4 million units sold worldwide. In 1982, Nintendo developed a prototype system dubbed the \"\"Advanced Video System\"\" (or AVS for short) and had controllers much like the NES. There were accessories such as a tape drive, a joystick and a lightgun, and along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7691677", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nas a videocassette recorder. The system's hardware limitations led to design principles that still influence the development of modern video games. Many prominent game franchises originated on the NES, including Nintendo's own \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" and \"\"Metroid\"\", Capcom's \"\"Mega Man\"\" franchise, Konami's \"\"Castlevania\"\" franchise, Square's \"\"Final Fantasy\"\", and Enix's \"\"Dragon Quest\"\" franchises. NES imagery, especially its controller, has become a popular motif for a variety of products, including Nintendo's own Game Boy Advance. Clothing, accessories, and food items adorned with NES-themed imagery are still produced and sold in stores. On July 14, 2016, Nintendo announced the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525378", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development\"\nknown for its work on games in the \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", \"\"Mario\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\", \"\"F-Zero\"\", \"\"Star Fox\"\", \"\"Animal Crossing\"\", \"\"Pikmin\"\" and \"\"Wii\"\" series. During the 1970s, when Nintendo was still predominantly a toy company, it decided to expand into interactive entertainment and the video game industry. Several designers were hired to work under the Creative Department, which, at the time, was the only game development department within Nintendo. Among these new designers were Makoto Kano, who went on to design various Game & Watch games, and Shigeru Miyamoto, who would create various Nintendo franchises. In 1972, the department was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18196316", "chunk_text": "\"Super Smash Bros. (video game)\"\nSuper Smash Bros. (video game) Super Smash Bros. (retroactively known as Super Smash Bros. 64) is a fighting video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 home video game console. It was released in Japan on January 21, 1999; in North America on April 26, 1999; and in Europe on November 19, 1999. \"\"Super Smash Bros.\"\" is the first game in the \"\"Super Smash Bros.\"\" series. The game is a crossover between many different Nintendo franchises, including \"\"Mario\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\", \"\"Star Fox\"\", \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", \"\"Metroid\"\", \"\"Mother\"\", \"\"F-Zero\"\", \"\"Yoshi\"\", \"\"Kirby\"\", and \"\"Pokémon\"\". It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489994", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo video game consoles\"\nReleased July 15, 1983, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit video game console released by Nintendo in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa and was Nintendo's first home video game console released outside Japan. In Japan, it is known as the \"\"Family Computer\"\" (or \"\"Famicom\"\", as it is commonly abbreviated). Selling 61.91 million units worldwide, the NES helped revitalize the video game industry following the video game crash of 1983 and set the standard for subsequent consoles in everything from game design to business practices. The NES was the first console for which the manufacturer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3417407", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nbehind the well-established companies such as Bandai and Tomy. In 1973, its focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System, using the same light gun technology used in Nintendo's \"\"Kousenjuu\"\" series of toys, and set up in abandoned bowling alleys. Following some success, Nintendo developed several more light gun machines (such as the light gun shooter game \"\"Wild Gunman\"\") for the emerging arcade scene. While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs, Nintendo had found a new market. Nintendo's first venture into the video gaming industry was securing rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14320651", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nas the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial \"\"NES\"\". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, and following up with a full-fledged North American release in February of the following year. The nationwide release was in September 1986. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: \"\"10-Yard Fight\"\", \"\"Baseball\"\", \"\"Clu Clu Land\"\", \"\"Duck Hunt\"\", \"\"Excitebike\"\", \"\"Golf\"\", \"\"Gyromite\"\", \"\"Hogan’s Alley\"\", \"\"Ice Climber\"\", \"\"Kung Fu\"\", \"\"Pinball\"\", \"\"Soccer\"\", \"\"Stack-Up\"\", \"\"Tennis\"\", \"\"Wild Gunman\"\", \"\"Wrecking Crew\"\", and \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\" Some varieties of these launch games contain Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997286", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nconsole, which released in North America in 1985, and in Europe throughout 1986 and 1987. The console was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (abbreviated as Famicom) in 1983. The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalise the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorising them to produce and distribute games for Nintendo's platform. The NES was bundled with \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", one of the best-selling video games of all time, and received ports of Nintendo's most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14320640", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nNintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was conceived in Japan as the , commonly known by the portmanteau abbreviation or FC, launched there on July 15, 1983, and rebranded as the NES for release outside of Japan. The NES was launched in the New York City and Los Angeles test markets in 1985, and fully throughout the US in 1986. The NES was launched in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987. Brazil saw only unlicensed clones until the official", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3951066", "chunk_text": "\"First generation of video game consoles\"\nvarious parts responsible for gameplay (ball and players generators, sync generators, diode matrix, etc.) are binary. The type of digital components used feature DTL, a common pre-TTL digital design component using discrete transistors and diodes. This was also the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the \"\"International Journal of Computer Game Research\"\": \"\"in 1971, Nintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey (released in 1972), since it was similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13615378", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Software Technology\"\nWashington. Nintendo made the decision of transplanting several members of their development team in Japan over to America. NST also recruited several veterans from companies such as Rockstar Games, Electronic Arts, and Microsoft to further complete their development talent. The establishment took place in 1998 through a collaboration with the private university DigiPen Institute of Technology, also located in Redmond. The offices opened with several doctorate level instructors and some recent graduates of the university working with several Nintendo of America designers and producers. Their first game, \"\"\"\", was released for the Game Boy Color in 1999 and was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071992", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nIn 1987, \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" was released to much critical acclaim. In 1988, Nintendo of America unveiled \"\"Nintendo Power\"\", a monthly news and strategy magazine from Nintendo that served to advertise new games. The first issue published was the July/August edition, which spotlighted the NES game \"\"Super Mario Bros. 2\"\". \"\"Nintendo Power\"\" has since ceased publication with its December 2012 edition. In 1989, Nintendo (which had seen a large amount of success from the Game & Watch) released the Game Boy (both created by Gunpei Yokoi), along with the accompanying game \"\"Tetris\"\". Due to the price, the game and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016283", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nintroduced an early iteration of Mario, then known in Japan as Jumpman, the eventual company mascot. In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi conceived the idea of a handheld video game, while observing a fellow bullet train commuter who passed the time by interacting idly with a portable LCD calculator, which gave birth to \"\"Game & Watch\"\". In 1980, Nintendo launched \"\"Game & Watch\"\"—a handheld video game series developed by Yokoi. These systems do not contain interchangeable cartridges and thus the hardware was tied to the game. The first Game & Watch game, \"\"Ball\"\", was distributed worldwide. The modern \"\"cross\"\" D-pad design was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1513969", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo arcade machines\"\ntoys and trading card games before their arcade games in the mid-1970s. Most of their later releases between 1973 and 1978 were light gun games based on shooting or avoiding things. The cabinets used pre-recorded images and film projection rather than video inside. The company's first electronic video game was an adaptation of the board game \"\"Reversi\"\", released in 1978. Many of Nintendo's first coin-operated, electronic arcade games were slight variations on existing games, known as knockoffs or clones. Later in 1978, Nintendo released a \"\"Breakout\"\" clone, based on the popular arcade game. The company's most famous arcade games would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1513968", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo arcade machines\"\nNintendo arcade machines Nintendo released a series of arcade games in the 1970s and 80s. The company made toys and trading card games prior to their film projection-based light gun games from 1973 to 1978. Nintendo released its first electronic arcade game in 1978, an adaptation of the board game \"\"Reversi\"\". Many of Nintendo's first video games were knockoffs, or \"\"clones\"\", of existing games with slight variations, including \"\"Breakout\"\" clones and clones of \"\"Space Invaders\"\" and \"\"Galaga\"\". Nintendo also successfully released its first Japanese home consoles, the Color TV series, which brought arcade games to personal televisions. Nintendo primarily made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19188916", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nNintendo initiated a limited test launch process prior to nationwide release. The first test launch saw the NES and its initial library of eighteen games released in New York City on October 18, 1985, with an initial shipment of 100,000 systems. Each set included a console, two gamepads, a R.O.B., a Zapper, and the Game Paks \"\"Gyromite\"\" and \"\"Duck Hunt\"\". The library of eighteen launch titles are \"\"10-Yard Fight\"\", \"\"Baseball\"\", \"\"Clu Clu Land\"\", \"\"Duck Hunt\"\", \"\"Excitebike\"\", \"\"Golf\"\", \"\"Gyromite\"\", \"\"Hogan's Alley\"\", \"\"Ice Climber\"\", \"\"Kung Fu\"\", \"\"Pinball\"\", \"\"Stack-Up\"\", \"\"Tennis\"\", \"\"Wild Gunman\"\", and \"\"Wrecking Crew\"\". Lucas M. Thomas wrote for IGN that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8072020", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nput out \"\"The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild\"\" and \"\"Super Mario Odyssey\"\", both games with critical acclaim that helped sell millions of units in the first year of the new console, eventually culminating with the \"\"Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild\"\" being named Game of the Year 2017. History of Nintendo The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1513974", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo arcade machines\"\nwere too difficult to transition to console games, unlike \"\"Punch-Out!!\"\" rhythm-based play. Parish recommended purchasing an inexpensive arcade cabinet as a novelty. Nintendo has reused their assets in their \"\"nostalgia-driven\"\" projects such as \"\"WarioWare\"\" and \"\"Super Smash Bros.\"\" Nintendo arcade machines Nintendo released a series of arcade games in the 1970s and 80s. The company made toys and trading card games prior to their film projection-based light gun games from 1973 to 1978. Nintendo released its first electronic arcade game in 1978, an adaptation of the board game \"\"Reversi\"\". Many of Nintendo's first video games were knockoffs, or \"\"clones\"\", of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2698564", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"\ntested. Nintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was conceived in Japan as the , commonly known by the portmanteau abbreviation or FC, launched there on July 15, 1983, and rebranded as the NES for release outside of Japan. The NES was launched in the New York City and Los Angeles test markets in 1985, and fully throughout the US in 1986. The NES was launched in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987. Brazil saw only unlicensed clones until the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1272179", "chunk_text": "\"Mario (franchise)\"\nand six million Coleco cartridges, and \"\"Mario Bros.\"\" which sold 1.72 million Famicom cartridges. Mario (franchise) The franchise is a media franchise, published and produced by video game company Nintendo, starring the fictional Italian character Mario. It is primarily a video game franchise, with the franchise's other forms of media including several television series and a feature film. It was originally created by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto with the arcade game \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", released on July 9, 1981. The games have been developed by a variety of developers including Nintendo, Hudson Soft, and AlphaDream. Most \"\"Mario\"\" games have either been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376013", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nnot use a CD format as expected, but would rather use cartridges as its primary media format. Nintendo IRD general manager Genyo Takeda was impressed by video game development company Rare's progress with real-time 3D graphics technology, using state of the art Silicon Graphics workstations. As a result, Nintendo bought a 25% stake in the company, eventually expanding to 49%, and offered their catalogue of characters to create a CGI game around, making Rare Nintendo's first western-based second-party developer. Their first game as partners with Nintendo was \"\"Donkey Kong Country\"\". The game was a critical success and sold over eight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489992", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo video game consoles\"\n2, released in 2000, and Microsoft's Xbox, released in 2001, would eventually relegate Nintendo to third place in the international market, despite the release of the GameCube. However, they retained their lead in the handheld console market, with the Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance models. Towards the middle of the 2000s, Nintendo introduced the first successful handheld device with a touch screen (DS) and the first successful console designed for motion controlled inputs (the Wii); they became some of the best-selling consoles of all time. In 2010, Nintendo became the first major company to release a handheld game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8911148", "chunk_text": "\"History of games\"\nfounder of Nintendo, Fusajiro Yamauchi, initially created Japanese flower cards. These became a huge hit in the western world. Yamauchi Nintendo & Co. was their first company name, then in 1951, the company changed their name to Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. The company created a laser clay shooting system which many took on as a hobby. Nintendo then developed a 16mm projection system in 1974 which also became a huge hit in the western world. Six years later, Nintendo created “Donkey Kong”, a game in which the “Jumpman” has to rescue his girlfriend from the ape. They later named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071981", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nNintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey (released in 1972), since it was similar to what Nintendo was able to offer in the Japanese toy market in 1970s\"\". In 1973, its focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System, using the same light gun technology used in Nintendo's \"\"Kousenjuu\"\" series of toys, and set up in abandoned bowling alleys. Following some success, Nintendo developed several more light gun machines for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17366162", "chunk_text": "\"Shigeru Miyamoto\"\nthan a carpenter. Miyamoto felt that New York City provided the best setting for the game, with its \"\"labyrinthine subterranean network of sewage pipes\"\". The two-player mode and other aspects of gameplay were partially inspired by an earlier video game entitled \"\"Joust\"\". To date, games in the \"\"Mario Bros.\"\" franchise have been released for more than a dozen platforms. Shortly after, Miyamoto also worked the character sprites and game design for the \"\"Baseball\"\", \"\"Tennis\"\", and \"\"Golf\"\" games on the NES. As Nintendo released its first home video game console, the Family Computer (rereleased in North America as the Nintendo Entertainment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376011", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nwar between Sega and Nintendo ensued during the early 1990s. From 1990 to 1992, Nintendo opened \"\"World of Nintendo\"\" shops in the United States where consumers could test and buy Nintendo products. In August 1993, Nintendo announced the SNES's successor, codenamed \"\"Project Reality\"\". Featuring 64-bit graphics, the new system was developed as a joint venture between Nintendo and North-American-based technology company Silicon Graphics. The system was announced to be released by the end of 1995, but was subsequently delayed. Meanwhile, Nintendo continued the Nintendo Entertainment System family with the release of the NES-101, a smaller redesign of the original NES.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122130", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nthe emerging arcade scene. While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs, Nintendo had found a new market. In 1974, Nintendo secured the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan. Nintendo at this time saw how successful video games were and began to dabble in them. Their first step in that field was to secure the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey in Japan in 1975. At the time, home video game consoles were extremely rare—even the seminal Atari Pong console had yet to be produced. After experiencing reasonable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10011321", "chunk_text": "\"Mario (franchise)\"\nMario (franchise) The franchise is a media franchise, published and produced by video game company Nintendo, starring the fictional Italian character Mario. It is primarily a video game franchise, with the franchise's other forms of media including several television series and a feature film. It was originally created by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto with the arcade game \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", released on July 9, 1981. The games have been developed by a variety of developers including Nintendo, Hudson Soft, and AlphaDream. Most \"\"Mario\"\" games have either been released for the arcade or Nintendo video game consoles and handhelds dating from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1016289", "chunk_text": "Nintendo\nmillion copies worldwide, making it the second best-selling game in the SNES library. In September 1994, Nintendo, along with six other video game giants including Sega, Electronic Arts, Atari, Acclaim, Philips, and 3DO approached the United States Senate and demanded a ratings system for video games to be enforced, which prompted the decision to create the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Aiming to produce an affordable virtual reality console, Nintendo released the Virtual Boy in 1995, designed by Gunpei Yokoi. The console consists of a head-mounted semi-portable system with one red-colored screen for each of the user's eyes, featuring stereoscopic graphics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12165652", "chunk_text": "\"History of video games\"\nStar\"\" and \"\"Final Fantasy\"\", the latter of which financially saved Japanese developer Square. 1987 saw the birth of the stealth genre with Hideo Kojima’s \"\"Metal Gear\"\" series' first game, on the MSX2 computer. In 1989, Capcom released \"\"Sweet Home\"\" on the NES, which served as a precursor to the survival horror genre. In 1988, Nintendo published their first issue of \"\"Nintendo Power\"\" magazine. By 1989 the market for cartridge-based console games was more than $2 billion, while that for disk-based computer games was less than $300 million. Large computer-game companies such as Epyx, Electronic Arts, and LucasArts began devoting much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5781899", "chunk_text": "\"World 1-1\"\nThe opening sections of Nintendo Entertainment System games such as \"\"Metroid\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" and \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\" are all designed in such a way that players were forced to explore the mechanics of the game to be able to advance. \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\" was the first side-scrolling video game featuring Mario, and one of the first video games directed and designed by Shigeru Miyamoto. Rather than confront the player with obstacles indiscriminately, the first level of \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\" introduces the variety of hazards and objects by forcing the player interact with them \"\"while\"\" advancing through the level.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122134", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nwith all of that, the system was made of a computer, much like the Atari 400, Commodore Vic-20 and Commodore 64. It was never released and is on display at the Nintendo World Store in New York. In July 1983, Nintendo released the \"\"Famicom\"\" (\"\"Family Computer\"\") system in Japan, which was its first attempt at a cartridge-based video game console. The system sold over 500,000 units within two months at a price around $100 USD. However, after a few months of favorable sales, Nintendo received complaints that some Famicom consoles would freeze when the player attempted to play certain games.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8071999", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\na new virtual reality console to be called the Virtual Boy. Hiroshi Yamauchi also bought majority shares of the Seattle Mariners in 1992. By May 1993, Nintendo had reportedly become one of the top ten leading companies in the world. In 1993, Nintendo announced plans to develop a new 64-bit console codenamed \"\"Project Reality\"\" that would be capable of rendering fully 3D environments and characters. In 1994, Nintendo also claimed that Project Reality would be renamed \"\"Ultra 64\"\" in the US. The \"\"Ultra 64\"\" moniker was unveiled in arcades on the Nintendo branded fighting game \"\"Killer Instinct\"\" and the racing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10783066", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nConsole platform. The North American video game market experienced a period of rapid growth and unprecedented popularity in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision proved to be wildly popular, and many third-party developers arose in their wake to exploit the growing industry. Nintendo was one such development studio, and, by 1982 had found success with a number of arcade games, such as \"\"Donkey Kong\"\", which was in turn ported to, and packaged with the ColecoVision console in North America. Led by Masayuki Uemura, Nintendo's R&D team had been secretly working on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "803586", "chunk_text": "\"Video gaming in Japan\"\nsoftware without licensed approval. This led to higher quality software titles, which helped change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced titles for earlier game systems. The system's hardware limitations led to design principles that still influence the development of modern video games. Many prominent game franchises originated on the NES, including Nintendo's own \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" and \"\"Metroid\"\", Capcom's \"\"Mega Man\"\" franchise, Konami's \"\"Castlevania\"\" franchise, Square's \"\"Final Fantasy\"\", and Enix's \"\"Dragon Quest\"\" franchises. Japan's first personal computers for gaming soon appeared, the Sord M200 in 1977 and Sharp MZ-80K in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2122153", "chunk_text": "\"History of Nintendo\"\nfor a brief time, Nintendo took back their place as the supreme power in the games industry. In 1997, Game Boy and Metroid creator Gunpei Yokoi died in a car accident at the age of 56. On October 13, 1998, the \"\"Game Boy Color\"\" was released in Japan, with releases in North America and Europe a month later. Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance in Japan on March 21, 2001, followed by the North American launch on June 11 and the European launch on June 22. Nintendo released the GameCube home video game console on September 14, 2001, in Japan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525382", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development\"\nto lure Nakago away from R&D2, to help Miyamoto create his first Nintendo R&D4 video game, \"\"Excitebike\"\". And so the original R&D4 department became composed of Miyamoto, Takashi Tezuka, Kenji Miki, and Minoru Maeda handling design; Koji Kondo, Akito Nakatsuka, and Hirokazu Tanaka handling sound design; and Toshihiko Nakago and SRD became the technology and programming core. One of the first games developed by the R&D4 department was \"\"Mario Bros.\"\" in 1983, designed and directed by Miyamoto. The department was, however, unable to program the game with such an inexperienced team, and so counted with programming assistance from Gunpei Yokoi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10525383", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development\"\nand the R&D1 department. One of the first completely self-developed games was \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\", the sequel to \"\"Mario Bros.\"\" The game set standards for the platform genre, and went on to be both a critical and commercial success. In 1986, R&D4 developed \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\", for which Miyamoto again served as a director. The phenomenal sales of \"\"Super Mario Bros.\"\" and \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" fueled the expansion of the department with young game designers such as Hideki Konno, Katsuya Eguchi, Kensuke Tanabe, Takao Shimizu, who would later become producers themselves. In 1989, one year before the Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1489990", "chunk_text": "\"Nintendo video game consoles\"\nNintendo video game consoles The Japanese multinational consumer electronics company Nintendo has developed seven home video game consoles and multiple portable consoles for use with external media, as well as dedicated consoles and other hardware for their consoles. , Nintendo has sold over 722.22 million hardware units. Although the company had earlier released Color TV Game and Game & Watch, which were their first and second systems respectfully, they did not achieve worldwide success until the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983. The NES restarted the video game industry after the video game crash of 1983, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19188926", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Nintendo Entertainment System\"\nNES for about three years after the September 1991 release of the Super NES, with the NES's final first-party games being \"\"\"\" and \"\"Wario's Woods\"\". The original Japanese Famicom hardware features an RF modulator audio/video output connector, but more Japanese television sets had dropped RF connectors in favor of higher-quality RCA composite video output by the early 1990s. A revised Famicom (HVC-101 model), often referred to unofficially as the AV Famicom, was released in Japan in 1993, largely to address this problem. It borrowed some design cues from the Super NES. The HVC-101 model replaced the original HVC-001 model's RF", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_149	what is the most common blood type in sweden?	n/a	[ "A+", "AB+" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5098962", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type distribution by country\"\nBlood type distribution by country Blood group B has its highest frequency in South Asia where it ranks first as the largest share of the earth's population. In Southeast Asia the share of the population is high, especially in Thailand and Indonesia, then in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single digit percentages in Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland. It is believed to have been entirely absent from Native American and Australian Aboriginal populations prior to the arrival of Europeans in those areas. Blood group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096415", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nrepresent contributions from both parents. A total of 36 human blood group systems and 346 antigens are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The two most important ones are ABO and the Rh blood group systems; they determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB and O, with +, − or null denoting RhD status) for suitability in blood transfusion. A complete blood type would describe a full set of 30 substances on the surface of red blood cells, and an individual's blood type is one of many possible combinations of blood-group antigens. Across the 36 blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5347948", "chunk_text": "Swedes\nrecent genetic analysis, both mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms showed a noticeable genetic affinity between Swedes and other Germanic ethnic groups. For the global genetic make-up of the Swedish people and other peoples, see and . Paternally, through their Y-DNA haplogroups, the Swedes are quite diverse and show strongly of Haplogroup I1d1 at over 40% of the population tested in different studies, followed by R1a1a and R1b1a2a1a1 with over 20% each and haplogroup N1c1 with over 5% at different regional variance. The rest are within haplogroups J and E1b1b1 and other less common ones. Maternally, through their mtDNA haplogroups, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766136", "chunk_text": "\"ABO blood group system\"\nin blood type distribution within human subpopulations. In the UK, the distribution of blood type frequencies through the population still shows some correlation to the distribution of placenames and to the successive invasions and migrations including Norsemen, Danes, Saxons, Celts, and Normans who contributed the morphemes to the placenames and the genes to the population. The two common O alleles, O01 and O02, share their first 261 nucleotides with the group A allele A01. However, unlike the group A allele, a guanosine base is subsequently deleted. A premature stop codon results from this frame-shift mutation. This variant is found worldwide,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19243991", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nblood cells and checking if the mixture \"\"agglutinates\"\", or forms clumps. If agglutination is not obvious by direct vision, blood bank technicians usually check for agglutination with a microscope. If agglutination occurs, that particular donor's blood cannot be transfused to that particular recipient. In a blood bank it is vital that all blood specimens are correctly identified, so labelling has been standardized using a barcode system known as ISBT 128. The blood group may be included on identification tags or on tattoos worn by military personnel, in case they should need an emergency blood transfusion. Frontline German Waffen-SS had blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20720977", "chunk_text": "\"Swedish Polled\"\nSwedish Polled was 3074. The Swedish Polled may be either solid red, or red and white. It is polled – without horns – and is well adapted to conditions in the mountains of Sweden. The Swedish Polled is considered a dairy breed. It constitutes about 0.5% of the national dairy herd. Swedish Polled The Swedish Polled, , often abbreviated to SKB, is a Swedish breed of domestic cattle. It was created in 1937 from two different Swedish cattle breeds, the Swedish Red Polled and the Fjäll. Breeders did not accept the new classification, and continued to maintain separate bloodlines as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19251729", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type distribution by country\"\nA is associated with high frequencies in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and Central Europe, although its highest frequencies occur in some Australian Aboriginal populations and the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, the US. Blood type distribution by country Blood group B has its highest frequency in South Asia where it ranks first as the largest share of the earth's population. In Southeast Asia the share of the population is high, especially in Thailand and Indonesia, then in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single digit percentages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19243987", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\npregnancy or occasionally a blood transfusion with D positive RBCs. Rh disease can develop in these cases. Rh negative blood types are much less common in Asian populations (0.3%) than they are in European populations (15%). The presence or absence of the Rh(D) antigen is signified by the + or − sign, so that, for example, the A− group is ABO type A and does not have the Rh (D) antigen. As with many other genetic traits, the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups varies significantly between populations. 28 blood-group systems have been identified by the International Society for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096451", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nIn 1927, Landsteiner, with Philip Levine, discovered the MN blood group system, and the P system. Development of the Coombs test in 1945, the advent of transfusion medicine, and the understanding of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn led to discovery of more blood groups. , the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes 346 blood group antigens which are assigned to 36 blood groups. A popular belief in Japan is that a person's ABO blood type is predictive of their personality, character, and compatibility with others. This belief is also widespread in South Korea and Taiwan. The theory reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4301321", "chunk_text": "\"Swedish Warmblood\"\nused as a riding horse, a job it is suitable for because of its easy, straight paces. It is also handsome, sound, tractable, and definitely versatile. Swedish Warmbloods are commonly used as dressage horses, jumpers, and in three-day event. Swedish Warmbloods are good driving horses as well and are exported in large amounts all over Europe and the United States. The Swedish Warmblood may be any solid colour (although certain colors associated with lethal factors will exclude a stallion from breeding approval). Most common colors are chestnut, bay or seal brown. True blacks are rare. Swedish Warmbloods are also seen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19243995", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nshelf-life, blood banks fractionate some whole blood into several products. The most common of these products are packed RBCs, plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). FFP is quick-frozen to retain the labile clotting factors V and VIII, which are usually administered to patients who have a potentially fatal clotting problem caused by a condition such as advanced liver disease, overdose of anticoagulant, or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Units of packed red cells are made by removing as much of the plasma as possible from whole blood units. Clotting factors synthesized by modern recombinant methods are now in routine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096414", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nBlood type A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a blood group system. Blood types are inherited and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19244005", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nand removed from solution. In addition to the current practice of serologic testing of blood types, the progress in molecular diagnostics allows the increasing use of blood group genotyping. In contrast to serologic tests reporting a direct blood type phenotype, genotyping allows the prediction of a phenotype based on the knowledge of the molecular basis of the currently known antigens. This allows a more detailed determination of the blood type and therefore a better match for transfusion, which can be crucial in particular for patients with needs for many transfusions to prevent allo-immunization. Blood types were first discovered by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18469895", "chunk_text": "\"Complete blood count\"\nto carry out complete blood counts was developed in the 1950s and 1960s. Most blood counts today include a CBC count (i.e.: complete blood count) and leukocyte differential count (LDC) that gives the percentage of each WBC type, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Abnormally high or low counts may indicate the presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are among the most commonly performed blood tests in medicine, as they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096417", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\ndonor's type. Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other diseases; for example, the Kell antigen is sometimes associated with McLeod syndrome. Certain blood types may affect susceptibility to infections, an example being the resistance to specific malaria species seen in individuals lacking the Duffy antigen. The Duffy antigen, presumably as a result of natural selection, is less common in racial groups from areas with a high incidence of malaria. The ABO blood group system involves two antigens and two antibodies found in human blood. The two antigens are antigen A and antigen B. The two antibodies are antibody", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8106851", "chunk_text": "\"Human blood group systems\"\nthree types of cells: The most common type of grouping is the ABO blood group system. The varieties of glycoprotein and glycolipid coating on red blood cells divides blood into four groups: Another antigen, the Rh factor, plays an important part in the grouping of blood. If this is present, the particular blood type is called Rh-positive. If it is absent, it is called Rh-negative. In addition to the ABO and Rh blood group systems, there are more than two hundred minor blood groups that can complicate blood transfusions. These are known as rare blood types. Whereas common blood types", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19243992", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\ngroup tattoos during World War II. Rare blood types can cause supply problems for blood banks and hospitals. For example, Duffy-negative blood occurs much more frequently in people of African origin, and the rarity of this blood type in the rest of the population can result in a shortage of Duffy-negative blood for these patients. Similarly for RhD negative people, there is a risk associated with travelling to parts of the world where supplies of RhD negative blood are rare, particularly East Asia, where blood services may endeavor to encourage Westerners to donate blood. Pregnant women may carry a fetus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3807153", "chunk_text": "\"Swedish Red-and-White\"\nRed-and-White is one the two principal dairy breeds of Sweden, and in 2001 constituted almost 48% of the national dairy herd, just barely outnumbering the Svensk Låglandsboskap or Swedish Friesian breed. In 2014 the total population was reported at just under 354 000. The Swedish Red-and-White is red with white markings. The Swedish Red-and-White is a dairy breed. The milk has a fat content of 4.3%. Swedish Red-and-White The Swedish Red-and-White, , frequently abbreviated to SRB, is a Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It was created in the 1920s by fusion of the Swedish Red Pied and Swedish Ayrshire breeds.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20708009", "chunk_text": "\"Immigration to Sweden\"\nfor their offspring so their children won't be an ethnic minority during their formative years and to get a good environment to develop their native Swedish language. According to the Public Health Agency of Sweden, cases of tuberculosis have increased steadily among immigrants from about 200 in 1989 to a peak of 750 in 2015, in 2016 the number of cases dropped as fewer migrants arrived. In the same period, the number of tuberculosis cases among Sweden-born dropped from 400 in 1989 to 50 in 2016. From 2006 to 2016, the number of individuals applying for treatment for HIV increased", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17776136", "chunk_text": "\"Cis AB\"\nblood transfusions. Some of them need components like washed red blood cells or autotransfusion of serum and blood. Cis-AB type was studied first in Japan (Shishoku Island) and South Korea (Gwangju area) where this rare type is more common (Chinese coast provinces and Taiwan, too), although it is also seen in a few European families (from France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Poland). In the year 2004, the American Red Cross described a family in Nebraska with a father of type cis-AB rh negative, a mother type O and their baby of type cis-AB. Since then, several cases in America have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13776550", "chunk_text": "Sweden\na lack of belief in God, commonly question the term atheist, preferring to call themselves Christians while being content with remaining in the Church of Sweden. Healthcare in Sweden is similar in quality to other developed nations. Sweden ranks in the top five countries with respect to low infant mortality. It also ranks high in life expectancy and in safe drinking water. A person seeking care first contacts a clinic for a doctor's appointment, and may then be referred to a specialist by the clinic physician, who may in turn recommend either in-patient or out-patient treatment, or an elective care", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19244009", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nJapan in a 1927 psychologist's report, and the government of the time commissioned a study aimed at breeding better soldiers. Interest in the theory faded in the 1930s. Ultimately, the discovery of DNA in the following decades indicated that DNA instead had an important role in both heredity generally and personality specifically. Interest in the theory was revived in the 1970s by Masahiko Nomi, a broadcaster with a background in law rather than science. The theory is widely accepted in Japanese and South Korean popular culture. Blood type A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438461", "chunk_text": "Blood\nthe presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or \"\"formed elements\"\") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20720975", "chunk_text": "\"Swedish Polled\"\nSwedish Polled The Swedish Polled, , often abbreviated to SKB, is a Swedish breed of domestic cattle. It was created in 1937 from two different Swedish cattle breeds, the Swedish Red Polled and the Fjäll. Breeders did not accept the new classification, and continued to maintain separate bloodlines as before. Of the two constituent breeds, the Swedish Red Polled received official recognition in 2004, while the Fjäll has divided into two sub-breeds, the Fjällnära Boskap and the Svensk Fjällras. The Swedish Polled was created in 1937 with the intention of merging the Swedish Red Polled () with the Fjällras, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11553371", "chunk_text": "\"Haplogroup I-M253\"\nHaplogroup I-M253 Haplogroup I-M253, also known as I1, is a Y chromosome haplogroup. The genetic markers confirmed as identifying I-M253 are the SNPs M253,M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, and L187. It is a primary branch of Haplogroup I-M170 (I*). The haplogroup reaches its peak frequencies in Sweden (52 percent of males in Västra Götaland County) and western Finland (more than 50 percent in Satakunta province). In terms of national averages, I-M253 is found in 35–38 per cent of Swedish males, 32.8% of Danish males, about 31.5% of Norwegian males, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5347949", "chunk_text": "Swedes\nSwedes show very strongly of haplogroup H at 25–30%, followed by haplogroup U at a 10% or more, with haplogroup J and T, K at around 5% each. The largest area inhabited by Swedes, as well as the earliest known original area inhabited by their linguistic ancestors, is in the country of Sweden, situated on the eastern side of the Scandinavian Peninsula and the islands adjacent to it, situated west of the Baltic Sea in northern Europe. The Swedish-speaking people living in near-coastal areas on the north-eastern and eastern side of the Baltic Sea also have a long history of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8859020", "chunk_text": "\"Packed red blood cells\"\nRh type, specifically the phenotype, and the \"\"screen\"\" refers to testing for atypical antibodies that might cause transfusion problems. The typing and screening are also performed on donor blood. The blood groups represent antigens on the surface of the red blood cells which might react with antibodies in the recipient. The ABO blood group system has four basic phenotypes: O, A, B, and AB. In the former Soviet Union these were called I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There are two important antigens in the system: A and B. Red cells without A or B are called type O, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18469894", "chunk_text": "\"Complete blood count\"\nComplete blood count A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each blood cell type and the concentrations of hemoglobin. A scientist or lab technician performs the requested testing and provides the requesting medical professional with the results of the CBC. Blood counts of various types have been used for clinical purposes since the nineteenth century. Automated equipment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766170", "chunk_text": "\"ABO blood group system\"\nDuring the 1930s, connecting blood groups to personality types became popular in Japan and other areas of the world. Studies of this association have yet to confirm its existence definitively. Other popular but unsupported ideas include the use of a blood type diet, claims that group A causes severe hangovers, group O is associated with perfect teeth, and those with blood group A2 have the highest IQs. Scientific evidence in support of these concepts is nonexistent. ABO blood group system The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096420", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\n\"\"null\"\") in other languages. The Rh system (Rh meaning \"\"Rhesus\"\") is the second most significant blood-group system in human-blood transfusion with currently 50 antigens. The most significant Rh antigen is the D antigen, because it is the most likely to provoke an immune system response of the five main Rh antigens. It is common for D-negative individuals not to have any anti-D IgG or IgM antibodies, because anti-D antibodies are not usually produced by sensitization against environmental substances. However, D-negative individuals can produce IgG anti-D antibodies following a sensitizing event: possibly a fetomaternal transfusion of blood from a fetus in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6766693", "chunk_text": "\"Genetic studies on Sami\"\nSweden has the same percentage belonging to haplogroup V. But according to K. Tambets' et al. study is haplogroup V the most frequent haplogroup in the Swedish Sami and is present at significantly lower frequencies in Norwegian and Finnish subpopulations. But as just mentioned, goes those findings against those concluded by Ingman and Gyllensten. What speaks in benefit for Ingman's and Gyllensten's study is that they have deconstructed the Sami investigated in Sweden. That has not been done in the study by K. Tambets et al. A deconstruction of the Sami groups in genetic studies can reveal more closely when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4212463", "chunk_text": "Hematocrit\na subject's hematocrit levels can indicate possible disease. An abnormally low hematocrit may suggest anemia, a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells, while an abnormally high hematocrit is called polycythemia. Both are potentially life-threatening disorders. There are other names for the hematocrit, such as \"\"packed cell volume\"\" (PCV), \"\"volume of packed red cells\"\" (VPRC), or \"\"erythrocyte volume fraction\"\" (EVF). The term \"\"hematocrit\"\" (or \"\"haematocrit\"\" in British English) comes from the Ancient Greek words (, \"\"blood\"\") and (, \"\"judge\"\"), and hematocrit means \"\"to separate blood\"\". It was coined in 1891 by Swedish physiologist Magnus Blix as \"\"haematokrit\"\", modeled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6704110", "chunk_text": "\"Lutheran antigen system\"\nThe phenotypes Lu(a+b−) and Lu(a+b+) are found at various frequencies within populations. The Lu(a−b+) phenotype is the most common in all populations, whereas the Lu(a−b−) phenotype is extremely uncommon. Though present in the fetus, it is seldom the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis or of transfusion reactions. Lutheran antigen system The Lutheran antigen systems is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. There are 19 known Lutheran antigens, all of which arise from variations in a gene called BCAM (basal cell adhesion molecule). The system is based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2500652", "chunk_text": "Blood\nThere are many different blood types in humans, the ABO blood group system, and the Rhesus blood group system being the most important. Transfusion of blood of an incompatible blood group may cause severe, often fatal, complications, so crossmatching is done to ensure that a compatible blood product is transfused. Other blood products administered intravenously are platelets, blood plasma, cryoprecipitate, and specific coagulation factor concentrates. Many forms of medication (from antibiotics to chemotherapy) are administered intravenously, as they are not readily or adequately absorbed by the digestive tract. After severe acute blood loss, liquid preparations, generically known as plasma expanders,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7995925", "chunk_text": "\"National identity card (Sweden)\"\nThere is no age limit to get a card, but people below 18 must be accompanied by their guardian (preferably both) at application. These rules are the same as for a Swedish passport (see that article). The identity card is plastic and rectangular in shape, about 86 × 54 millimetres in size. On the left-hand side is a gold-plated contact chip, and on the right-hand side is the photograph of the bearer. Along the top of the card, the name Sweden is written in three languages, Swedish, English, and French (\"\"SVERIGE SWEDEN SUÈDE\"\"), below which the name of the card", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438488", "chunk_text": "Blood\nblood clotting in a transparent container. When blood is drawn in a glass container and left undisturbed for about an hour, four different layers can be seen. A dark clot forms at the bottom (the \"\"black bile\"\"). Above the clot is a layer of red blood cells (the \"\"blood\"\"). Above this is a whitish layer of white blood cells (the \"\"phlegm\"\"). The top layer is clear yellow serum (the \"\"yellow bile\"\"). The ABO blood group system was discovered in the year 1900 by Karl Landsteiner. Jan Janský is credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (A,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2880222", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nwith a monarch as head of state, like its neighbour Norway. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country. Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral \"\"Riksdag\"\". Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister. Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the Hanseatic League threatened Scandinavia's culture, finances and languages. This led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19243988", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nBlood Transfusion in addition to the common ABO and Rh systems. Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rh antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the RBC surface membrane. For example, an individual can be AB, D positive, and at the same time M and N positive (MNS system), K positive (Kell system), Le or Le negative (Lewis system), and so on, being positive or negative for each blood group system antigen. Many of the blood group systems were named after the patients in whom the corresponding antibodies were initially encountered. Transfusion medicine is a specialized branch of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096416", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\ngroup systems, 308 different blood-group antigens have been found. Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease. Another more common cause in blood type change is a bone marrow transplant. Bone-marrow transplants are performed for many leukemias and lymphomas, among other diseases. If a person receives bone marrow from someone who is a different ABO type (e.g., a type A patient receives a type O bone marrow), the patient's blood type will eventually convert to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12732304", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Sweden\"\nDemographics of Sweden The demography of Sweden is monitored by Statistics Sweden (SCB). As of August 2018, the population of Sweden was estimated to be 10.2 million people, making it the 90th most populous country in the world. The three largest cities are Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Approximately 85% of the country's population resides in villages with 200 persons or cities. Six out of ten Swedes do not live in an urban system with 50 000+ inhabitants, as defined by OECD. The 2005 Swedish census showed an increase of 475,322 compared to the 1990 census, an average increase of 31,680", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778050", "chunk_text": "\"Blood donation\"\nmalaria or variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). These questions vary from country to country. For example, while blood centers in Québec, Poland, and many other places defer donors who lived in the United Kingdom for risk of vCJD, donors in the United Kingdom are only restricted for vCJD risk if they have had a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom. The donor is also examined and asked specific questions about their medical history to make sure that donating blood is not hazardous to their health. The donor's hematocrit or hemoglobin level is tested to make sure that the loss of blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2070735", "chunk_text": "\"ABO blood group system\"\nABO blood group system The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes. In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 36 different blood type (or group) classification systems currently recognized. A very rare (in modern medicine) mismatch in this, or any other serotype, can cause a serious, potentially fatal, adverse reaction after a transfusion, or a contra-indicated immune response to an organ transplant. The associated anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies, which are produced in the first years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19243989", "chunk_text": "\"Blood type\"\nhematology that is concerned with the study of blood groups, along with the work of a blood bank to provide a transfusion service for blood and other blood products. Across the world, blood products must be prescribed by a medical doctor (licensed physician or surgeon) in a similar way as medicines. Much of the routine work of a blood bank involves testing blood from both donors and recipients to ensure that every individual recipient is given blood that is compatible and is as safe as possible. If a unit of incompatible blood is transfused between a donor and recipient, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19647371", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nSweden () is the largest Christian church in Sweden, and also the largest religious body. The church professes the Lutheran faith and is a member of the Porvoo Communion. As of 2017 it has 5,993,368 members, 59.3% of the Swedish population, although surveys show different figures, ranging from 24% to 41% to 52.1%. Until 2000 it held the position of state religion, and most Swedes were baptised at birth. The number of both new baptisms and members has declined since. Indeed, according to official statistics, as of 2016: The Church of Sweden, by law, is organized in the following manner:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7917015", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nstatistics on ethnicity, but according to Statistics Sweden, around 3,193,089 (31.5%) inhabitants of Sweden were of a foreign background in 2017, defined as being born abroad or born in Sweden with at least one parent born abroad. The most common countries of origin were Syria (1.70%), Finland (1.49%), Iraq (1.39%), Poland (0.90%), Iran (0.73%) and Somalia (0.66%). The official language of Sweden is Swedish, a North Germanic language, related and very similar to Danish and Norwegian, but differing in pronunciation and orthography. Norwegians have little difficulty understanding Swedish, and Danes can also understand it, with slightly more difficulty than Norwegians.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8128880", "chunk_text": "\"20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid\"\npatients compared to 248 control subjects in Japan, and in male but not female patients in Sweden enrolled in the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study. The incidences of cerebral and myocardial infarction in these studies appears to be independent of hypertension. (The platelets of individuals heterozygous or homozygous for the Val433Met variant exhibit increased platelet aggregation responses to epinephrine. This platelet hyper-responsiveness to epinephrine, particularly if also exhibited to other platelet-aggregating agents, could contribute to cerebral and coronary infarctions.) The Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1558139 guanine to cytosine variant in an intron of CYP4F2 is associated with essential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2070747", "chunk_text": "\"ABO blood group system\"\neach parent; each has a 25% chance, but some occur more than once. Historically, ABO blood tests were used in paternity testing, but in 1957 only 50% of American men falsely accused were able to use them as evidence against paternity. Occasionally, the blood types of children are not consistent with expectations—for example, a type O child can be born to an AB parent—due to rare situations, such as Bombay phenotype and cis AB. The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "416544", "chunk_text": "\"Viking expansion\"\nIrish. Iceland also holds one of the most well-documented lineage records which, in many cases, go back fifteen generations and at least 300 years. These are accompanied by one of the largest genetic records which have been collected by deCODE genetics. Together, these two records allow for a mostly reliable view of historical Scandinavian genetic structure although the genetics of Iceland are influenced by Norse-British migration as well as that directly from Scandinavia. Haplogroup I-M253, also known as haplogroup I1, is the most common haplotype among Scandinavian males. It is present in 35% of males in Norway, Denmark and Sweden;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10079131", "chunk_text": "\"Notifiable diseases in Sweden\"\nNotifiable diseases in Sweden A notifiable disease is one which that has to be reported to the government authorities as required by law. In Sweden, over 50 diseases are classified as notifiable. The notifiable diseases come under four categories : notifiable, mandatory contact tracing required, dangerous to public health (allmänsfarliga) and dangerous to the society (samhällsfarliga). As per the Swedish law, notifiable diseases should be reported by the laboratories, doctor treating the patient or performing autopsy. The report is sent through an electronic system called SmiNet to the Public Health Agency of Sweden. As of January 2018, the only three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7917064", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nand Nakkna within its borders. These companies, however, are composed largely of buyers who import fashionable goods from throughout Europe and America, continuing the trend of Swedish business toward multinational economic dependency like many of its neighbours. Sport activities are a national movement with half of the population actively participating in organised sporting activities. The two main spectator sports are football and ice hockey. Second to football, horse sports have the highest number of practitioners who are mostly women. Thereafter, golf, track and field, and the team sports of handball, floorball, basketball and bandy are the most popular. The Swedish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_150	who sings the theme song for the tv show cops?	n/a	[ "Inner Circle", "Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6881219", "chunk_text": "\"Bad Boys (Inner Circle song)\"\nBad Boys (Inner Circle song) \"\"Bad Boys\"\" is a 1987 song by the Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle, which obtained high popularity in the United States after its re-release in 1993, peaking at number 8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream. It is well known as the opening theme to the U.S. TV show \"\"Cops\"\". The song was originally released in 1987 on the album \"\"One Way\"\" and obtained minor airplay and poor sales. However, in 1992, it was also included on the \"\"Bad to the Bone\"\" album, and the song was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15764047", "chunk_text": "\"Cops (TV program)\"\nOn April 25, 2018, the video recorded by the \"\"Cops\"\" camera crew was released. The video was shown in open court and The Omaha World Herald requested a copy, which it later released. The wrongful death lawsuit filed against the City of Omaha by Trevor Dion is still ongoing. The show's theme song is \"\"Bad Boys\"\", performed by reggae group Inner Circle, which is played over a montage of clips. All episodes of \"\"Cops\"\" begin with a disclaimer which was introduced in the third season: The disclaimer in the first two seasons was slightly different by stating: \"\"\"\"COPS\"\" is filmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427069", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Post\"\nand video game composers. The following singles credited to Mike Post charted on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and/or on the Adult Contemporary chart: Mike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Renegade,\"\" \"\"The Rockford Files\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"Quantum Leap\"\", \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", and \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20997979", "chunk_text": "\"Hot Cop\"\nHot Cop \"\"Hot Cop\"\" is a song by the American disco group Village People recorded for their third studio album \"\"Cruisin'\"\" (1978). It was written by Jacques Morali and Village People lead singer Victor Willis. It served as Willis' theme song with the Village People. Although not released as a single, it was a disco hit. A medley with \"\"Y.M.C.A.\"\" reached number 2 on \"\"Billboard's\"\" Hot Disco Singles chart. \"\"Hot Cop\"\" is a mid-tempo disco song. Its danceability is enhanced by its cyclical beat. Allmusic critic Amy Hanson describes the vocals as having a \"\"funk style\"\" that ranges from \"\"righteous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427065", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Post\"\nMike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Renegade,\"\" \"\"The Rockford Files\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"Quantum Leap\"\", \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", and \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on to become The Murmaids. Their first single, \"\"Popsicles and Icicles\"\" (written by David Gates), was a #3 hit song in January 1964. Post also provided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6302559", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order\"\nseries of the franchise. The UK-aired Channel Five versions of seasons 7–16 of \"\"Law & Order\"\" and Seasons 1–9 of \"\"\"\" feature the song \"\"I'm Not Driving Anymore\"\" by Rob Dougan in the opening credits with \"\"Urban Warfare\"\" by Paul Dinletir being used for Seasons 10–11 after that Seasons 16–20 of Law & Order and Seasons 12+ of SVU used the US theme. Another Rob Dougan track, \"\"There's Only Me\"\", was used as the theme for seasons 1–6 of \"\"\"\", with Urban Warfare again being used for Seasons 7–8 and the US theme being used for Seasons 9–10. For the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20152", "chunk_text": "\"Star Cops\"\nbe Easy\"\", was written and performed by Justin Hayward, the lead vocalist with the Moody Blues. The theme was produced by record producer Tony Visconti who also composed, with Hayward, the incidental music for every episode. Gridneff hoped that the theme would act as a gentle method of enticing casual viewers into the series. Reaction to the music and Hayward's song in particular, has generally been negative. \"\"SFX\"\" magazine, in particular, has been highly critical of the theme tune: in one issue it was placed twenty-ninth in a list article titled \"\"The 50 Worst Things About SF Ever!\"\" while in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18871554", "chunk_text": "\"Hot Cop\"\nbarbichette\"\". It has been included on a number of Village People compilation albums, including \"\"Greatest Hits\"\" and \"\"The Best of Village People\"\". Hot Cop \"\"Hot Cop\"\" is a song by the American disco group Village People recorded for their third studio album \"\"Cruisin'\"\" (1978). It was written by Jacques Morali and Village People lead singer Victor Willis. It served as Willis' theme song with the Village People. Although not released as a single, it was a disco hit. A medley with \"\"Y.M.C.A.\"\" reached number 2 on \"\"Billboard's\"\" Hot Disco Singles chart. \"\"Hot Cop\"\" is a mid-tempo disco song. Its danceability", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14195596", "chunk_text": "\"COPS (animated TV series)\"\nin “The Case of the Ransomed Rascal”). The music for the series was created by Shuki Levy, while the \"\"COPS\"\" theme music was written and composed by Haim Saban. Numerous characters were featured in the cartoon that did not have action figures (including Mainframe, Brian O’Malley, Whitney Morgan, Nightshade, Ms. Demeanor, and Mirage). COPS is short for Central Organization of Police Specialists. They were assembled in order to combat C.R.O.O.K.S. and other bad guys. Characters include: C.R.O.O.K.S. is a crime syndicate that commits crimes in Empire City. Recurring characters include: Other villains in the show were unaffiliated with Big Boss’", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12344187", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Lux\"\nTeenage Witch\"\", \"\"The Good Wife\"\", \"\"Melrose Place\"\", \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", \"\"Suits\"\", and \"\"Mistresses\"\". Danny Lux Daniel Scott “Danny” Lux (born June 5, 1969) is an American composer who has contributed music for television and film productions. Film credits include \"\"\"\" and \"\"Stolen Summer\"\" (both in 2002). TV series credits include theme music for \"\"Sliders\"\", \"\"Million Dollar Mysteries\"\", \"\"Crisis Center\"\" (first Emmy nomination), \"\"Profiler\"\" (second Emmy nomination), and \"\"Boston Legal\"\". Additional series to which Lux has contributed music include \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\" (with Mark Leggett), \"\"Boston Legal\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"Karen Sisco\"\", \"\"Hack\"\", \"\"Ally McBeal\"\" (one BMI win), \"\"Boston Public\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15764048", "chunk_text": "\"Cops (TV program)\"\non location as it happens. All suspects are considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.\"\" Burt Lancaster provided the following narration on the pilot episode. \"\"\"\"Cops\"\" is about real people, and real crime. It was filmed entirely on location, with the men and women who work in law enforcement.\"\" During at least the first season, episodes featured original scoring in a vein similar to the instrumental backing of the opening song. Some cues were short, others longer, usually over montages. Among the composers who scored episodes were Michael Lewis and Nathan Wang. In 1993, reruns of \"\"Cops\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15152827", "chunk_text": "\"K9 Cop\"\nsniff out an Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department employee with drugs on him, Chi-ho realizes that Bah-da knows how to detect illegal substances and recommends that Bah-da be train as a police dog. Madam Chung also forces Yat-tsau's to transfer to the Police Dog Unit so that he can learn some disciplinary. The main opening theme song \"\"You Got Me\"\" (你懂我) was sung by Linda Chung, composed by Dominic Chu and lyrics by Hayes Yeung. A Mandarin Chinese sub theme song sometimes played during the closing credits named \"\"Listen to the Sea\"\" (聽海) is performed by \"\"The Voice\"\" season four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12344186", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Lux\"\nDanny Lux Daniel Scott “Danny” Lux (born June 5, 1969) is an American composer who has contributed music for television and film productions. Film credits include \"\"\"\" and \"\"Stolen Summer\"\" (both in 2002). TV series credits include theme music for \"\"Sliders\"\", \"\"Million Dollar Mysteries\"\", \"\"Crisis Center\"\" (first Emmy nomination), \"\"Profiler\"\" (second Emmy nomination), and \"\"Boston Legal\"\". Additional series to which Lux has contributed music include \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\" (with Mark Leggett), \"\"Boston Legal\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"Karen Sisco\"\", \"\"Hack\"\", \"\"Ally McBeal\"\" (one BMI win), \"\"Boston Public\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" (two BMI wins, both shared with Mike Post), \"\"John Doe\"\", \"\"Sabrina, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385180", "chunk_text": "\"Cop Rock\"\nwas working on another Bochco series at the time, \"\"Doogie Howser, M.D.\"\"), while Episode 8 featured cameos by \"\"L.A. Law\"\" stars Jimmy Smits and Michele Greene. The series' theme song, \"\"Under the Gun\"\", was written by Randy Newman, who also performed it in the series' title sequence music video-style in a recording studio, complete with a full backing band and the show's cast (appearing out of character) serving as an audience. Mike Post, who served as \"\"Cop Rock\"\"s music supervisor, was also part of Newman's band in that opening sequence; Post is the keyboardist in dark glasses sitting next to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16221581", "chunk_text": "\"Reno 911!: Miami\"\nshow character \"\"Terry\"\"), and Dwayne Johnson (professional wrestler The Rock). All members of \"\"The State\"\" appear in the film. This is the first time every member has been together on camera in quite some time. The theme song, \"\"Police and Thieves\"\", is performed by Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters and subsequent theme song \"\"Do Little Things\"\", is performed by \"\"Changing Faces and Ivan Matias\"\". This is alluded to by Lennon, Garant, and Kenney-Silver on one of the audio commentaries, who say they are not allowed to discuss who performed the song, but say viewers should \"\"Google it\"\" to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1702344", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Deacy\"\nDistrict Leader for South Queens since 2007. While on the Police Dept, and afterward, Ed Deacy went on to continue his singing career, and also to appear in films, notably \"\"Goodfellas\"\", \"\"Sea of Love\"\", \"\"Brighton Beach Memoirs\"\", and TV sseries, \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"The Sopranos\"\" and \"\"Sex and the City\"\". Ed Deacy Ed Deacy (born April 28, 1946 in Brooklyn) is a retired New York City police detective who has had notable singing and acting gigs. Perhaps best known as the one-time \"\"official national anthem singer\"\" for the New York City Police Department, Deacy has sung at Madison Square Garden,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12656865", "chunk_text": "\"Inner Circle (band)\"\nthe memorable signature lead guitar solos that only Mark Castro can produce, especially When a Man Loves a Woman and World 2000.\"\"Something So Good\"\" was released in 1982. They reformed in 1986 with the Lewis Brothers and Harvey joined by singer Calton Coffie and drummer Lancelot Hall, and this line-up released the \"\"Black Roses\"\" album (released in 1986 on RAS Records). The band's next album, \"\"One Way\"\" in 1987, included one of their biggest hits, \"\"Bad Boys\"\", which was re-recorded for their 1989 album \"\"Identified\"\" and became the theme music for the Fox TV series \"\"Cops\"\" that year. California guitarist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2856450", "chunk_text": "\"Axel F\"\nYouTube video (as well as the third oldest video to reach 1 billion views) in the 100 most viewed YouTube videos after \"\"The Gummy Bear Song\"\". Australia UK Axel F \"\"Axel F\"\" is the electronic instrumental theme from the 1984 film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\" performed by Harold Faltermeyer. It was an international number 1 hit in 1985. The title comes from the main character's name, Axel Foley (played by Eddie Murphy), in the film; moreover, it is composed in the key of F minor. Faltermeyer recorded the song using five instruments: a Roland Jupiter-8 provided the distinctive \"\"supersaw\"\" lead sound,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6149513", "chunk_text": "\"Beverly Hills Cop III\"\nIt peaked at 158 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and 66 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. While Harold Faltermeyer did not return to score this film, his co-producer from the previous franchise entries, Keith Forsey, did produce and co-write a new song entitled \"\"Keep the Peace\"\", performed by INXS. However, Nile Rodgers covered Faltermeyer's \"\"Axel F\"\" in a breakbeat hardcore version. This is the only film in the series not to feature a song performed by The Pointer Sisters, although \"\"Neutron Dance\"\" was used in the film's trailer. \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\" featured their song \"\"Neutron Dance\"\", while \"\"Beverly Hills Cop II\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20214403", "chunk_text": "\"Campus PD\"\nvarious locations across the country. The theme song for the first two seasons was The Clash song \"\"Police on My Back\"\". The entire series is available on iTunes. As of January 10, 2017, reruns of \"\"Campus PD\"\" can be seen on cable network Spike. On April 30, 2011 a helicopter associated with Campus PD crashed into student housing in Indiana, Pennsylvania, where the show was gathering video for a segment on Indiana University of Pennsylvania. FAA spokesman Jim Peters was quoted as stating that all the people on the helicopter had injuries ranging from minor to critical with two crew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2856439", "chunk_text": "\"Axel F\"\nAxel F \"\"Axel F\"\" is the electronic instrumental theme from the 1984 film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\" performed by Harold Faltermeyer. It was an international number 1 hit in 1985. The title comes from the main character's name, Axel Foley (played by Eddie Murphy), in the film; moreover, it is composed in the key of F minor. Faltermeyer recorded the song using five instruments: a Roland Jupiter-8 provided the distinctive \"\"supersaw\"\" lead sound, a Moog modular synthesizer 15 provided the bass, a Roland JX-3P provided chord stabs, a Yamaha DX7 was used for bell and vibraphone sounds and a LinnDrum was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11999967", "chunk_text": "\"Shakedown (Bob Seger song)\"\nShakedown (Bob Seger song) \"\"Shakedown\"\" is a song recorded by Bob Seger, from the soundtrack of the film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop II\"\". The music was written by Harold Faltermeyer, who also wrote the score for the film, and Keith Forsey, with lyrics by Seger. The song became a number-one hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, Seger's only such top mark singles-wise, as well as the Album Rock Tracks chart, where it became his second number-one hit, spending four weeks at the top. In Canada, it went to number one as well, topping the \"\"RPM 100\"\" national singles chart on August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7248691", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\"\nin the opening credits (seasons 1–5). Another Rob Dougan track, \"\"I'm Not Driving Anymore\"\", is used as the theme for \"\"Law & Order\"\" and \"\"\"\". From season 6 the UK-aired version theme is \"\"Urban Warfare\"\" by Paul Dinletir. \"\"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\"\" was created in 2001 by René Balcer and Dick Wolf. Balcer served as the show's executive producer, showrunner, and head writer for its first five seasons. The show dominated its original time slot on Sundays at 9:00 p.m. for its first three seasons (routinely beating its competition, ABC's \"\"Alias\"\" and HBO's \"\"The Sopranos\"\", in households and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15037721", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Geyer\"\ntheme for the variously named Valerie Harper series (i.e.\"\"The Hogan Family\"\") as well as five songs for the soundtrack to the Scott Baio debut movie, \"\"Zapped\"\". In 1990, Stephen was called upon to write and to supervise the songwriting staff of Steven Bochco’s harshly critiqued \"\"Cop Rock\"\" television series, now considered something of a TV cult classic. Stephen’s guitar chops quickly evolved as he worked beside the cream of L.A.’s session players on Mike Post’s record and scoring dates, and soon he was being called upon for his guitar work and musical leadership in the studio and on the road,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6646172", "chunk_text": "\"Police Quest: SWAT 2\"\nas the North Hollywood shootout of February 1997, and a small-scale riot at a strip mall that can be seen as a parallel to the 1992 Los Angeles riots that followed the Rodney King beating incident. The game's soundtrack was composed by Jason Hayes and Chance Thomas, with the game's theme song being titled \"\"Just Another Day in L.A.\"\", performed by Utahn singer Randall \"\"Randy\"\" Porter, composed by Chance Thomas, and written by Susan Frischer. The lead designer was Susan Frischer. \"\"Police Quest: SWAT 2\"\"s story takes place in Los Angeles, California and the surrounding metropolitan area in the game's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "630592", "chunk_text": "\"Jinian Wilde\"\nproject, performing vocals and backing vocals on \"\"The Whoa Song\"\" and receiving credit as Jin Wilde. The track was released on Ebul / Sony BMG. 14th Precinct also sampled a Uniting Nations track \"\"All Out of Love (Dance Remix)\"\" and used the Jinian Wilde vocals. The song was used as the theme song for the American television series \"\"Cagney & Lacey\"\". Wilde was also featured in One Track Mind's song \"\"Voices\"\", a remake of band The Police track and Emma J's \"\"When I'm Gone\"\". Other credits include guitar and programming on Bass Monkeys track \"\"Beautiful (Thrill Bill)\"\" on and lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20273392", "chunk_text": "\"Inventions from the Blue Line\"\nInventions from the Blue Line Inventions from the Blue Line is a 1994 music CD containing some of the best known TV cop-show themes written by Mike Post up to then. The album includes several themes from the TV series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". It also includes themes from the series \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Silk Stalkings\"\" and \"\"Renegade\"\". The cover of the album is taken in the style of the opening credits from the \"\"Law & Order\"\" TV series. In the liner notes, Post discusses his late father, Sam Postil, and the admiration for law enforcement officers that Sam instilled in Mike.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2401447", "chunk_text": "\"Hot Action Cop\"\nand \"\"The Man Show\"\". Werthner also wrote the theme song for the Samuel L. Jackson/Colin Farrell film \"\"S.W.A.T.\"\". Alternate clean versions of \"\"Fever for the Flava\"\" and the album version of \"\"Goin' Down on It\"\" as well with instrumental versions of both of those songs appeared on the EA video game \"\"\"\". It was also voted No. 49 on MuchMusic's (later called Fuse) list of the 50 Most Controversial Videos. Hot Action Cop Hot Action Cop is an American rock band from Nashville, TN. Long Island, NY native Rob Werthner (singer/songwriter/guitarist) formed the band in 2001 with bassist Luis Espaillat,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3896899", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (Lazlo Bane song)\"\nSuperman (Lazlo Bane song) \"\"Superman\"\" is a song by American band Lazlo Bane from their album \"\"All the Time in the World\"\". It is most noted for being the theme song to the American TV series \"\"Scrubs\"\". \"\"Superman\"\" was first released on the soundtrack album for the film \"\"The Tao of Steve\"\" in 2000, a year prior to its first appearance in \"\"Scrubs\"\", though it was not featured in the film itself. Zach Braff, the star of \"\"Scrubs\"\", was impressed by the song and suggested the use of the song as the theme to executive producer Bill Lawrence. \"\"Scrubs\"\" proved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13968342", "chunk_text": "\"Joey Lawrence\"\n100, #13 United Kingdom, #68 Australia). The song was used as the end-title theme from the movie \"\"Cop and a Half\"\"; its music video received heavy airplay on MTV and MuchMusic, and Lawrence was invited to perform live on MTV's Spring Break, \"\"The Arsenio Hall Show\"\", and the UK's \"\"Top of the Pops\"\" in 1993. In June 2011, he released a single, \"\"Rolled\"\", which was available as a free download for one week on ABC Family's website. In July, Joey released a second single, \"\"Give It To Ya (Acoustic)\"\" via Pledge Music. In 2017 Joey started a band with Matt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693612", "chunk_text": "\"David Cassidy\"\n\"\"I Write the Songs\"\", peaking at #11 in the Top 40 in Great Britain before the song became Barry Manilow's signature tune. Cassidy's recording was produced by the song's author-composer, Bruce Johnston of The Beach Boys. In 1978, Cassidy starred in an episode of \"\"Police Story\"\" titled \"\"A Chance to Live\"\", for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award. NBC created a series based on it, called \"\"\"\", but it was cancelled after one season. A decade later, the successful Fox series \"\"21 Jump Street\"\" used the same plot, with different youthful-looking police officers infiltrating a high school. Cassidy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7218208", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn Frey\"\n1985). His other contribution to the soundtrack, \"\"Smuggler's Blues\"\", hit No. 12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. During his solo career, Frey had 12 charting songs in the U.S. Top 100. Eleven of those were written with Jack Tempchin who also wrote \"\"Peaceful Easy Feeling\"\". Frey was the first choice to record \"\"Shakedown\"\", the theme for the film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop II\"\". Frey did not like the lyrics and then came down with laryngitis, so the song was given to Bob Seger. After the song went to number one, Frey called to congratulate Seger, saying \"\"At least we kept the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15064360", "chunk_text": "\"The Rockford Files (theme)\"\nThe Rockford Files (theme) \"\"The Rockford Files\"\" is a 1975 instrumental by Mike Post and co-composer Pete Carpenter. The song is the theme from the TV series \"\"The Rockford Files\"\" starring James Garner. It appears at the opening and ending of each episode with different arrangements. Throughout the show's tenure, the theme song went through numerous evolutions, with later versions containing a distinct electric guitar-based bridge section played by session guitarist Dan Ferguson. The song spent four months on the charts and in August 1975 became a Top 10 hit in the U.S. (#10, for two weeks) and in Canada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2183271", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Faltermeyer\"\nSmith's 2010 action comedy \"\"Cop Out\"\" starring Bruce Willis. In June 2017, it was revealed that Faltermeyer will have music featured in the upcoming . Harold Faltermeyer Hans Hugo Harold Faltermeier (born 5 October 1952) is a German musician, composer and record producer. He is best known for composing the \"\"Axel F\"\" theme for the feature film \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\", an influential synth-pop hit in the 1980s. He also composed the \"\"Top Gun\"\" Anthem for the feature film \"\"Top Gun\"\" and the music for the Chevy Chase \"\"Fletch\"\" feature films, \"\"Fletch\"\" and \"\"Fletch Lives\"\". The \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\" and \"\"Top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2707004", "chunk_text": "\"Howlin' for You\"\nHowlin' for You \"\"Howlin' for You\"\" is a song by The Black Keys from the band's sixth album, \"\"Brothers\"\". \"\"Howlin' for You\"\" is featured on the soundtrack of the EA Sports video games, \"\"NHL 11\"\". and \"\"NHL Slapshot\"\". The song is featured in the films and in TV commercials for \"\"The Dilemma\"\", \"\"Limitless\"\", \"\"The Guilt Trip\"\", \"\"Moneyball\"\", \"\"Dark Shadows\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Deadpool\"\". It is used as the theme song to the Australian police drama television series, \"\"Cops L.A.C.\"\", and has been featured in American television series, \"\"\"\", \"\"Detroit 1-8-7\"\", \"\"Entourage\"\", \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", \"\"Prime Suspect\"\", \"\"Chuck\"\", \"\"Necessary Roughness\"\", \"\"Suits\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5036679", "chunk_text": "\"Rainey Haynes\"\n(the role went to Diane Lane). During this time she made appearances in the infamous, now cult TV classic \"\"Cop Rock\"\". She also studied video production with director Raymond Nassau (a former cinematographer for Cecil B. DeMille). Meanwhile she was writing and performing songs that were included in film and TV soundtracks. Her voice was heard in numerous episodes of the TV series \"\"Fame\"\", and she sang the theme song to the TV series \"\"Dancing to the Hits\"\". From the mid-1980s into the 1990s she free-lanced for Hanna-Barbera Studios for both their animated TV and movie divisions as the singing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3967610", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff & Greg Burns\"\non \"\"\"\". Jeff & Greg Burns Jeff & Greg Burns (born December 16, 1969) are American composers of electronic and orchestral music, best known for their contributions to the CBS’ police procedural drama \"\"NCIS\"\". and . The team have also co-composed music for such film and television projects as \"\"Andy Richter Controls the Universe\"\", \"\"Heist\"\", \"\"Listen Up!\"\", \"\"Notorious C.H.O.\"\", and Mattel's animated series \"\"Max Steel\"\". Jeff & Greg were born in Kingsville, Texas, but spent much of their childhood traveling the world as Navy brats before settling in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They attended Boston’s Berklee College of Music in 1993,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18291837", "chunk_text": "\"This Life (song)\"\nThis Life (song) \"\"This Life\"\" is the theme song for the FX television series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", written by singer-songwriter Curtis Stigers, Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner, producer Bob Thiele Jr. and show creator Kurt Sutter while it was performed by Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers. Musician Dave Kushner, of Velvet Revolver, began collaborating with friend and producer Bob Thiele Jr. on the main theme song and end credit theme for the FX television series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\". Kushner originally wrote the riff with Shooter Jennings in mind before using it for the theme. Thiele then contacted Curtis Stigers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029861", "chunk_text": "\"Ray Simpson\"\nrecording album titled \"\"Tiger Love\"\". Simpson's hobbies include sports, backgammon, bicycling, writing music and driving fancy cars. He is married to Leslie, and, along with daughter Alayna, they reside in Teaneck, New Jersey. Ray is a member of the Board of Directors of Sixuvus Ltd (the Village People corporation). Ray Simpson Ray Simpson (born January 15, 1954) is an American singer best known as a former lead singer and \"\"Cop\"\" of the disco super-group Village People. In 1979, he replaced original lead singer, Victor Willis as the Cop (until Willis' return to the group in 2017). Simpson had been doing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1082193", "chunk_text": "\"Lazlo Bane\"\nLazlo Bane Lazlo Bane is an alternative rock band from Santa Monica, California, United States. They are well known for collaborating with former Men at Work member Colin Hay, and providing the song \"\"Superman\"\" as the theme for the television show \"\"Scrubs\"\". The band's origin can be traced back to the efforts of Chad Fischer touring with School of Fish in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a drummer. After a disagreement and falling out with a producer, Fischer went solo and began writing his own material. Without the benefit of professional mixing or mastering, he was forced to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18490427", "chunk_text": "\"Law enforcement jargon\"\nand similar shows. \"\"\"\", a television series about forensic scientists, uses many acronyms such as \"\"AFIS\"\", \"\"CODIS\"\" and \"\"DB\"\". Some shows, like \"\"Adam-12\"\" and CSI will use the criminal code, for where the show is based, to describe a crime. This would be understood by people from that state or others in the know, but would be nonsense for others. The numeric code 187 from the California Penal Code section dealing with murder has been featured in numerous songs, including the gangsta rap song Deep Cover by Dr. Dre and the alternative hip hop-ska punk song April 29, 1992 (Miami)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3245508", "chunk_text": "\"Police Squad!\"\nthe audio commentary Wuhl recorded for the DVD release, he mentioned that it was a nice opportunity, but that he did not really feel a connection with the show, especially because of its short run. The opening and closing music was penned by composer Ira Newborn. The jumping big band theme (a parody of the \"\"M Squad\"\" theme composed and performed by Count Basie) was retained for the \"\"Naked Gun\"\" movies, along with the opening police-light visual of the \"\"Police Squad!\"\" series. ABC announced the cancellation of \"\"Police Squad!\"\" after four of its six episodes had aired in March 1982.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15260383", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Cooper\"\nMorrow among many others, while the cop roles were acted by 35 real police officers. He later produced two other films and a music video for the NYPD's \"\"Operation SPECDA\"\", a classroom anti-drug program that were shown to fifth and sixth grade children at school in 1986. The song, which was called \"\"The SPECDA Theme Song\"\" was sung by police officer Robin Vance accompanied by 200 children. In the late 80s he was asked to produce another two films for the NYPD, \"\"Police Women\"\" and \"\"Restoring Dignity: Frontline Response to Sexual Assault\"\". In the mid-1980s, Cooper was brought on by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19969263", "chunk_text": "\"Inventions from the Blue Line\"\nHe also refers to police with the traditional nickname of \"\"blues\"\", as in \"\"The Thin Blue Line\"\" which refers to the police in general and to police camaraderie (one of the tracks is called \"\"The Blue Line\"\", which Post calls 'the comradery theme'). Inventions from the Blue Line Inventions from the Blue Line is a 1994 music CD containing some of the best known TV cop-show themes written by Mike Post up to then. The album includes several themes from the TV series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". It also includes themes from the series \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"Silk Stalkings\"\" and \"\"Renegade\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14635336", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff & Greg Burns\"\nJeff & Greg Burns Jeff & Greg Burns (born December 16, 1969) are American composers of electronic and orchestral music, best known for their contributions to the CBS’ police procedural drama \"\"NCIS\"\". and . The team have also co-composed music for such film and television projects as \"\"Andy Richter Controls the Universe\"\", \"\"Heist\"\", \"\"Listen Up!\"\", \"\"Notorious C.H.O.\"\", and Mattel's animated series \"\"Max Steel\"\". Jeff & Greg were born in Kingsville, Texas, but spent much of their childhood traveling the world as Navy brats before settling in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They attended Boston’s Berklee College of Music in 1993, then relocated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13234557", "chunk_text": "\"Mulder and Scully (song)\"\nMulder and Scully (song) \"\"Mulder and Scully\"\" is a song by Catatonia, released as a single from their 1998 album, \"\"International Velvet\"\". The song makes direct reference to fictional FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), the two main characters of the popular sci-fi TV series \"\"The X-Files\"\" who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In an interview Cerys Matthews, co-writer of the song, explained that while she was not a serious fan of the show, the basic premise of the series matched the concept of what she was trying to express.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3689801", "chunk_text": "\"Police and Thieves\"\nPolice and Thieves \"\"Police and Thieves\"\" ( \"\"Police and Thief\"\") is a reggae song first recorded by the falsetto singer Junior Murvin in 1976. It was covered by the punk band The Clash and included on their self-titled debut album released in 1977. The song was originally written by Junior Murvin. Murvin approached Lee \"\"Scratch\"\" Perry in May 1976 and auditioned the song at Perry's Black Ark studio; Perry decided to record the song the same afternoon, and decided to alter the lyric slightly. Players on the track included Boris Gardiner (bass), Ernest Ranglin (guitar), Sly Dunbar (drums), Keith Sterling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2183267", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Faltermeyer\"\nright—usually composing, performing and producing the complete score as well as a number of pop songs penned for various artists. Early on he created arguably one of his finest works for 1984's \"\"Thief of Hearts\"\"—a highly sought after CD with noteworthy electronic scoring and songs for Melissa Manchester, Annabella Lwin, Elizabeth Daily and others. Then came his big break with the landmark Hip hop / Breakdance-influenced score for \"\"Beverly Hills Cop\"\", featuring the worldwide hit, the \"\"Axel F\"\" theme (referred to by Faltermeyer himself as the \"\"banana theme\"\", as it was originally written for a specific scene where Detroit policeman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10106581", "chunk_text": "\"Police and Thieves\"\nthe \"\"\"\" movie where it is performed by Dave Grohl, who is listed in the credits under the pseudonym \"\"Sprechen Sie Deutsch\"\". Several other versions have been recorded, including several on tribute albums to the Clash. Police and Thieves \"\"Police and Thieves\"\" ( \"\"Police and Thief\"\") is a reggae song first recorded by the falsetto singer Junior Murvin in 1976. It was covered by the punk band The Clash and included on their self-titled debut album released in 1977. The song was originally written by Junior Murvin. Murvin approached Lee \"\"Scratch\"\" Perry in May 1976 and auditioned the song at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13546074", "chunk_text": "\"Monk (TV series)\"\ndone at Edwards Air Force Base. During the first season of \"\"Monk\"\", the series used a jazzy instrumental intro to the show by songwriter Jeff Beal, performed by guitarist Grant Geissman. The theme won the 2003 Emmy Award for Best Main Title Music. NYC actor Colter Rule was hired by USA Network to do all radio and TV promos for the series from its inception, lending an ironic, understated tone which contributed to the show's early popularity. The original tag was \"\"Monk! America's Favorite Defective Detective!\"\" When season two began, the series received a new theme song, entitled \"\"It's a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_151	who was on the first season of dwts?	n/a	[ "Joey McIntyre", "Evander Holyfield", "John O'Hurley", "Rachel Hunter", "Trista Sutter", "Kelly Monaco" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3911110", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1) The first season of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" debuted on ABC on June 1, 2005. Six celebrities were paired with six professional ballroom dancers. Tom Bergeron and Lisa Canning were the hosts for this season. The judges were Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli. The premiere drew over 13 million viewers, the second biggest summer debut ever for an American reality series after \"\"Survivor\"\". The second week climbed to 15 million viewers, and the show climbed to No. 1 in the summer 2005 TV season ratings, where it remained for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4606576", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1)\"\npartners will dance one of these routines for each corresponding week: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1) The first season of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" debuted on ABC on June 1, 2005. Six celebrities were paired with six professional ballroom dancers. Tom Bergeron and Lisa Canning were the hosts for this season. The judges were Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli. The premiere drew over 13 million viewers, the second biggest summer debut ever for an American reality series after \"\"Survivor\"\". The second week climbed to 15 million viewers, and the show climbed to No. 1 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10348965", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1)\"\nremainder of the season. The season finale aired July 6, 2005, with the winners of the season being actress Kelly Monaco and her dance partner Alec Mazo. The six professionals and celebrities that competed were: This table only counts dances scored on a 30-point scale. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Scores are based upon a potential 30-point maximum. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" The celebrities and professional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12105479", "chunk_text": "\"Alec Mazo\"\nAlec Mazo Alec Mazo (born April 5, 1978) is a Belarusian American producer and former professional dancer. He became known for his participation in the American edition of the reality television series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", the first season of which he won with partner Kelly Monaco. He participated in five seasons of the television show and four DWTS tours. Mazo was born in Gomel, Belarusian SSR into a Jewish family. He has been dancing since he was 5 years old. At age 12, he immigrated from the Soviet Union to San Antonio, Texas, and later to San Francisco, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15900517", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\ncelebrity partners. The first troupe in season 12 included Oksana Dmytrenko, Tristan MacManus, Peta Murgatroyd, Kiki Nyemchek, Nicole Volynets, and Ted Volynets. Members of the season 27 troupe are Artur Adamski, Hayley Erbert, Britt Stewart, Morgan Larson and Vladislav Kvartin. Other past troupe members include Brandon Armstrong, Lindsay Arnold, Alan Bersten, Sharna Burgess, Henry Byalikov, Witney Carson, Brittany Cherry, Dasha Chesnokova, Artem Chigvintsev, Sasha Farber, Shannon Holtzapffel, Dennis Jauch, Jenna Johnson, Kiril Kulish, Tristan MacManus, Keo Motsepe, Kiki Nyemchek, Sonny Fredie Pedersen, Gleb Savchenko, Emma Slater and Julz Tocker. Key: For 17 seasons, the Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16846312", "chunk_text": "\"Trista Sutter\"\nTrista Sutter Trista Nicole Sutter (née Rehn on October 28, 1972, in Indianapolis, Indiana) was the runner-up on season 1 of \"\"The Bachelor\"\" before becoming the star of the first season of its companion show, \"\"The Bachelorette\"\". Sutter has also appeared on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" and \"\"Fear Factor\"\". Rehn appeared as a contestant on season 1 of ABC's \"\"The Bachelor\"\". She finished runner-up after bachelor Alex Michel selected Amanda Marsh as the winner ahead of Rehn in the show's finale. After her appearance on \"\"The Bachelor\"\", Rehn was selected to be featured in the gender-reversed spin-off, \"\"The Bachelorette\"\". She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20890710", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 1)\"\ntheir opponents, then both acts perform back-to-back, receiving feedback from the judges. After each performance, the judges will score them in the 5 categories: Performance, Technique, Creativity, Choreography & Presentation. Unlike the Qualifiers, only the final average for each act is shown. The act with the highest average at the end of the duel moves on to the next round, the other faces immediate elimination. World of Dance (season 1) The first season of American reality dance competition \"\"World of Dance\"\" premiered May 30, 2017, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough served as the judges, with Jenna Dewan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4869152", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)\"\nas the first celebrity competing for the season partnered with Emma Slater. On September 6, the rest of the cast was revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. Julianne Hough did not return as a permanent judge this season, though she did return as a guest judge during the first night of the finals. On October 23, singer Shania Twain joined the panel as a guest judge. The dance troupe members for the season are former pros Sasha Farber and Jenna Johnson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17316487", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 1)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 1) So You Think You Can Dance is an American television dance competition that airs on the Fox network. The first season premiered on July 20, 2005 with Lauren Sánchez as host, Nigel Lythgoe as the main judge, and Mary Murphy, Dan Karaty, Mia Michaels and Brian Friedman as most frequent guest judges. Nick Lazzarini was crowned America's Favorite Dancer on October 5, 2005 with 37.7% of the votes. The main auditions for this season were held in following cities: Auditioners had one minute to impress the judges. A contestant deemed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17316490", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 1)\"\nand Dan Karaty \"\"Judges:\"\" Brian Friedman, Mia Michaels, Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Dan Karaty \"\"Judges:\"\" Brian Friedman, Mia Michaels, Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Dan Karaty So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 1) So You Think You Can Dance is an American television dance competition that airs on the Fox network. The first season premiered on July 20, 2005 with Lauren Sánchez as host, Nigel Lythgoe as the main judge, and Mary Murphy, Dan Karaty, Mia Michaels and Brian Friedman as most frequent guest judges. Nick Lazzarini was crowned America's Favorite Dancer on October 5, 2005 with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17362572", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)\"\non the show by Playboy model Holly Madison. Murray chose to continue on the show, and Jewel appeared during the season as a special musical guest. Nancy O'Dell, the then co-host of \"\"Access Hollywood\"\", was also originally announced to be on the show, but was forced to withdraw from the competition due to a torn meniscus, which required surgery. She was replaced by Melissa Rycroft, a former Dallas Cowboys cheerleader who won season 13 of \"\"The Bachelor\"\". She only had two days to practice her first dance. Week 1: Gilles Marini & Cheryl Burke received (the highest score of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2441105", "chunk_text": "\"Gleb Savchenko\"\nGleb Savchenko Gleb Savchenko (; born 16 September 1983) is a Russian dancer and choreographer, who is currently a professional dancer on the U.S. version of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". He previously appeared on the UK, Australian, and Russian versions of the show. In 2016, Savchenko took part in the British television cooking show \"\"Celebrity MasterChef\"\". In August 2018, Savchenko took part in \"\"Celebs on the Farm\"\". He became the first winner of the series. Savchenko was born in Moscow. He began dancing at 8 years old. Savchenko is married to professional dancer, Elena Samodanova, and they have a daughter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19373709", "chunk_text": "\"The Bachelorette (season 1)\"\nThe Bachelorette (season 1) The Bachelorette (season 1) is the first season of ABC reality television series \"\"The Bachelorette\"\". The show featured The Bachelor, season 1 runner-up, Trista Rehn, courting 25 men. The season premiered on January 8, 2003, and concluded on February 19, 2003, in which 28-year-old firefighter Ryan Sutter won the competition and eventually became Rehn's husband. The couple married in December 6, 2003 in Santa Monica, California, and they are living in Vail, Colorado with their two children. The following is the list of bachelors for this season: Bob Guiney was chosen to be the Bachelor in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19929829", "chunk_text": "\"Dance Your Ass Off (season 1)\"\nDance Your Ass Off (season 1) The first season of Dance Your Ass Off aired from June 29, 2009 to September 7, 2009. It aired on the Oxygen Network. It was the only season to feature Marissa Jaret Winokur as host. The show featured twelve overweight contestants competing to dance and lose weight. The medical doctor was Rob Huizenga from the USA \"\"Biggest Loser\"\". For this season, the judges were Danny Teeson, Lisa Ann Walter and Mayte Garcia. On the finale, Ruben defeated Pinky and Shayla to become the first ever \"\"Dance Your Ass Off\"\" champion. Contestants are listed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15444115", "chunk_text": "\"The Bachelor (season 1)\"\nThe Bachelor (season 1) The Bachelor (season 1) is the first season of ABC reality television series \"\"The Bachelor\"\". The show featured very first bachelor, Alex Michel, courting 25 women. The season premiered on March 25, 2002, and concluded on April 25, 2002 in which 23-year-old event planner Amanda Marsh was named the winner and Michel chose not to propose her, they continued to date and broke off the relationship. The following is the list of bachelorettes for this season: Trista Rehn was chosen to be the Bachelorette in the first season of \"\"The Bachelorette\"\". Shannon Oliver appeared in episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7524378", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Lazzarini\"\nNick Lazzarini Nick Lazzarini (born August 4, 1984) is an American dancer. He is best known as the first season winner on the Fox reality show \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". He is a trained dancer in jazz, lyrical, hip hop, ballet and modern dance styles. Lazzarini was born to Italian American parents. Lazzarini grew up in Mountain View, California in the San Francisco Bay Area. He graduated from Springer Elementary in Mountain View, California and Blach Intermediate School in Los Altos, California. Lazzarini began attending Showbiz when he was 8 years old. In the early 2000s, he travelled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17415341", "chunk_text": "\"Keo Motsepe\"\nKeo Motsepe Keoikantse \"\"Keo\"\" Motsepe (born 24 November 1989) is a South African dancer. His dancing styles are Latin and Ballroom. He is known for being the first black professional dancer on the ABC show \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". Motsepe started his career at 11 years of age by entering into in a competitive dance scene representing his country. In 2012 Motsepe joined the cast of \"\"Burn the Floor\"\". In 2014 it was announced that Motsepe would join the cast of pro dancers on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". In season 19, Motsepe was paired up with Olympic athlete Lolo Jones.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16005907", "chunk_text": "\"Danse avec les stars (France season 1)\"\nDanse avec les stars (France season 1) The first season of the French version of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" debuted on TF1 on February 12, 2011. Eight celebrities were paired with eight professional ballroom dancers. Sandrine Quétier and Vincent Cerutti were the hosts for this season. This table only counts dances scored on the traditional 30-point scale. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' marks are as follows: According to the traditional 30-point scale. \"\"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Alessandra Martines,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18154189", "chunk_text": "\"Keo Motsepe\"\nthe team-up dance, the viewers scored the dance in his place with the averaged score being counted alongside the remaining judges. Score given by guest judge Rashad Jennings. <br> Score given by guest judge David Ross. Keo Motsepe Keoikantse \"\"Keo\"\" Motsepe (born 24 November 1989) is a South African dancer. His dancing styles are Latin and Ballroom. He is known for being the first black professional dancer on the ABC show \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". Motsepe started his career at 11 years of age by entering into in a competitive dance scene representing his country. In 2012 Motsepe joined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1189870", "chunk_text": "\"House (season 1)\"\nEdwards, Aaron Himelstein, Dominic Purcell, Myndy Crist, Roxanne Hart, Kurt Fuller, Shirley Knight, Harry Lennix, David Conrad, Brandy, Leslie Hope, Mark Harelik, Nicholas D'Agosto, Amanda Seyfried, Scott Foley, Meredith Monroe, Nestor Carbonell, Tracy Middendorf, David Henrie, Daryl Sabara, Patrick Bauchau, Sarah Clarke, Stanislav Grof, Danny Nucci, Cynthia Ettinger, Jennifer Stone, Joe Morton, Marin Hinkle, Michael Goorjian, Eddie McClintock, Skye McCole Bartusiak, Kristoffer Ryan Winters, John Cho, Christina Cox, Peter Graves, Nicole Bilderback, Andrew Keegan, Josh Zuckerman, Erin Foster, Missy Crider and Carmen Electra. Season one gained high Nielsen ratings, averaging 13.3 million viewers an episode. It was 24th most-watched television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4424207", "chunk_text": "\"Kym Herjavec\"\nKym Herjavec Kym Herjavec (née Johnson; born 4 August 1976) is an Australian professional ballroom dancer and television performer who appeared in the first three seasons of the Australian version of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" as a professional dancer, before moving to the U.S. version of the franchise from 2006 to 2015. Johnson returned as a professional to the U.S. series in 2017 for its 24th season. She has since served as a judge on the Australian version of the show since 2013. Johnson began dancing at the age of three. She began ballroom dancing at 13 years of age.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2460551", "chunk_text": "\"Edyta Śliwińska\"\nEdyta Śliwińska Edyta Śliwińska (; born May 6, 1981) is a Polish professional ballroom dancer who is starring in the stage show Dance Temptation. She is best known for her appearances on the American version of the reality television series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", where she appeared on all of the first ten seasons of the show. Śliwińska was born in Warsaw, Poland, and comes from a working-class Polish background. She took her first dancing class at age 12. In the debut season of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" in June 2005, Śliwińska partnered boxing champion Evander Holyfield, with whom she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7595931", "chunk_text": "\"Maksim Chmerkovskiy\"\nMaksim Chmerkovskiy Maksim \"\"Maks\"\" Aleksandrovich Chmerkovskiy (, ; born January 17, 1980) is a Ukrainian-American Latin–ballroom dance champion, choreographer, and instructor. He is widely known as one of the professional dancers on the American television series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", on which he first appeared in season two. In his 17 seasons as a competing pro on the show, Chmerkovskiy made it to the final round five times, with two runner-up and two third-place finishes. On May 20, 2014, Chmerkovskiy, paired with Olympic ice dancer Meryl Davis, won his first \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" title. Chmerkovskiy has also starred in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9791197", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 20)\"\nand Karina Smirnoff. Kym Johnson returns as a professional dancer after taking three seasons off to judge the Australian version of the show. Eleven of the celebrity competitors and their professional partners were revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" on February 24, 2015. Witney Carson's celebrity partner was reported to be Chris Soules from \"\"The Bachelor\"\" on March 4, 2015; this was confirmed six days later, after that show's finale, by \"\"Good Morning America\"\". At the age of 14, Willow Shields is the youngest contestant ever to compete on the show (taking the record from Zendaya, who was 16 when she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15733573", "chunk_text": "\"Strictly Come Dancing (series 1)\"\nStrictly Come Dancing (series 1) Strictly Come Dancing aired its first series on BBC One from 15 May 2004. The series was presented by Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly. The judging panel was Craig Revel Horwood, Arlene Phillips, Len Goodman and Bruno Tonioli. On 3 July 2004, Natasha Kaplinsky and her partner, Brendan Cole were crowned series champions. In the first series, there were eight celebrity contestants and in order of elimination, they were: This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 40-points scale. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' scores are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16449818", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21) Season twenty-one of the American television competition series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 14, 2015. On November 24, 2015, Bindi Irwin and her partner Derek Hough were crowned champions. Nick Carter and Sharna Burgess finished second, Alek Skarlatos and Lindsay Arnold placed third. This season set records for the total number of perfect scores awarded (23) and the number of stars to receive at least one perfect score with 7 (Bindi Irwin, Nick Carter, Alek Skarlatos, Carlos PenaVega, Tamar Braxton, Alexa PenaVega, and Andy Grammer). Irwin also set a record with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20890708", "chunk_text": "\"World of Dance (season 1)\"\nWorld of Dance (season 1) The first season of American reality dance competition \"\"World of Dance\"\" premiered May 30, 2017, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough served as the judges, with Jenna Dewan serving as host. Hip hop dancers Les Twins, from Paris, France, were crowned as the winners of the $1,000,000 prize on August 8, 2017. Fourteen-year-old contemporary dancer Eva Igo and Latin/Swing group Swing Latino were named first runner-up and second runner-up respectively. Despite their Qualifier performance not being shown, this act's hometown and dance style were made available on the \"\"World of Dance\"\" website. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14768593", "chunk_text": "\"Cheryl Burke\"\nCheryl Burke Cheryl Stephanie Burke (born May 3, 1984) is an American dancer, model and TV host. She is best known for being one of the professional dancers on ABC's \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", where she was the first female professional to win the show and the first professional to win twice and consecutively. She has participated in 21 seasons thus far. She came in second on the NBC series \"\"I Can Do That.\"\" She replaced Abby Lee Miller on \"\"Dance Moms\"\" in 2017. Burke was born in San Francisco, California and grew up in Atherton, California. She is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19387150", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19)\"\na nominee for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography alongside Derek Hough in 2013, made her debut as a professional this season, along with season 18 troupe member and former \"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\" champion pro Artem Chigvintsev and South African Latin American ballroom champion Keo Motsepe. Other members of the troupe are Lindsay Arnold, Sasha Farber and Jenna Johnson, all of whom have performed in past seasons. Season 16 pro and former troupe member Gleb Savchenko performed with the current troupe members in the season premiere episode. This table only counts for dances scored on a 40-point scale (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2908997", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Galloway\"\nNoah Galloway Noah Matthew Galloway (born October 28, 1981) is a former United States Army soldier, motivational speaker, and extreme sports enthusiast. He was injured during the Iraq War, losing his left arm above the elbow and left leg above the knee. He was a contestant on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" season 20, paired with Sharna Burgess. The pair finished in third place. He led his team to victory in the first season of the \"\"American Grit\"\" TV show on FOX. His book \"\"Living with No Excuses: The Remarkable Rebirth of an American Soldier\"\" was released in August 2016. Galloway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15307003", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nand Hélio Castroneves. New routines were performed by Apolo Anton Ohno and Julianne Hough, Mel B and Maksim Chmerkovskiy, and by Mario Lopez with the cast of \"\"A Chorus Line\"\", in which he was starring on Broadway. The musical guest was country group Rascal Flatts. The judges also presented a countdown of their choices for the top 10 perfect-scoring dances of the 1st 5 seasons. Their choices were: In season 11, viewers were allowed two votes per day on the \"\"DWTS\"\" website to vote for their favorite out of 30 given choices. On Oct 25, 2010, a countdown of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17928099", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 1)\"\nDancing with the Stars (Australian season 1) The Australian TV series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on Tuesday 5 October 2004 and concluded on Tuesday 23 November 2004. \"\"Home and Away\"\" star Bec Hewitt (née Cartwright) and partner Michael Mizner won the series, with politician Pauline Hanson and her partner Salvatore Vecchio as runner-up. The Australian TV series \"\"Dancing with the Stars premiered on Tuesday 5 October 2004 and concluded on Tuesday 23 November 2004. It featured the following celebrities. The average chart is based on the dances performed by the celebrities and not their place in the competition. \"\"Individual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4869157", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)\"\nThey included Kelly Monaco, Rashad Jennings, Laurie Hernandez, Kristi Yamaguchi, Alfonso Ribeiro and Corbin Bleu. The couples performed an unlearned dance using music chosen by the pros, as well as a dance that reinterpreted an iconic routine from a previous season. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Julianne Hough, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" On the first night, the couples performed a redemption dance and a freestyle. On the second night, the final three couples danced their favorite routine and a fusion dance of two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12357599", "chunk_text": "\"Dance Your Ass Off\"\nRob Huizenga from \"\"The Biggest Loser\"\". The season premiere brought in 4.3 million viewers making it the most watched show in history of Oxygen Network. In the judges panel are Danny Teeson, a lifestyle coach and dancing expert, actress Lisa Ann Walter, and professional dancer Mayte Garcia, who only appeared as a guest judge for a week in season 2. Australia's Nine Network begun airing \"\"Dance Your Ass Off\"\" on July 21, 2009. The first episode attained a low 797,000 viewers (compared with numbers of 1.4-1.6 million viewers on the other two major commercial networks) and coming third out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18348071", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nas a guest judge for Famous Dances Night. Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21) Season twenty-one of the American television competition series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 14, 2015. On November 24, 2015, Bindi Irwin and her partner Derek Hough were crowned champions. Nick Carter and Sharna Burgess finished second, Alek Skarlatos and Lindsay Arnold placed third. This season set records for the total number of perfect scores awarded (23) and the number of stars to receive at least one perfect score with 7 (Bindi Irwin, Nick Carter, Alek Skarlatos, Carlos PenaVega, Tamar Braxton, Alexa PenaVega, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7942413", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 15)\"\nSix of the returning finalists, however, had already won the title in prior seasons (Kelly Monaco, Drew Lachey, Emmitt Smith, Apolo Anton Ohno, Helio Castroneves, and Shawn Johnson). Season eight saw the most returning contestants, with 3 out of the 13 contestants coming from that season (Gilles Marini, Shawn Johnson, and Melissa Rycroft). In addition, it was the only season to date to offer fractional (0.5) scores. Five contestants reunited with their original partners, while the other eight danced with new ones. Season eight finalist Melissa Rycroft defeated season eight champion Shawn Johnson and season one champion Kelly Monaco to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7070418", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nSmirnoff, who did not appear in season 20 returned for season 21. Anna Trebunskaya and Louis van Amstel would be returning after a five-season hiatus. Additionally, Lindsay Arnold would also be returning after spending the last four seasons in the troupe. While Peta Murgatroyd (who was to be paired with Andy Grammer) was originally announced as a professional, was sidelined for the season by an ankle injury, Allison Holker replaced her spot in the cast; Artem Chigvintsev and Kym Johnson also did not return. Bindi Irwin was the first celebrity revealed on August 24, on \"\"GMA\"\"; other celebrities were revealed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9615945", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)\"\ndanced with Alan Bersten on account of Maksim Chmerkovskiy's injury. Season 9 winner Donny Osmond sang \"\"I'll Make a Man Out of You\"\" live while Normani Kordei and Valentin Chmerkovskiy danced. Auli'i Cravalho sang \"\"How Far I'll Go\"\" live while Simone Biles and Sasha Farber danced. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Nick Carter, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" The couples danced one unlearned dance and a team dance to songs from some of the most popular boy bands and girl groups throughout history. Argentine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7043669", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23) Season twenty-three of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 12, 2016, on the ABC network. On November 23, 2016, Olympic gymnast Laurie Hernandez and Valentin Chmerkovskiy were announced the winner; IndyCar driver James Hinchcliffe and Sharna Burgess placed second, and retired NFL player Calvin Johnson Jr. and Lindsay Arnold placed third. Having won at age 16, Hernandez is currently the youngest winner of the show, surpassing Olympic gymnast Shawn Johnson (season 8). The first eight professional dancers were revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" on August 23, 2016, and have all appeared on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8028308", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\nthe show before. The six returning from the previous season include Lindsay Arnold, Sharna Burgess, Witney Carson, Artem Chigvintsev, Val Chmerkovskiy, and Sasha Farber; the two returning from past seasons are Allison Holker (last seen in season 21) and Gleb Savchenko (from season 16). Later, other returning dancers were announced: Emma Slater (last seen in season 21), Maksim Chmerkovskiy (last competed in season 18), Derek Hough (last competed season 21) and Cheryl Burke (last competed season 19). Past troupe member Jenna Johnson is the only new pro this season. Pros from the previous season who did not return this season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3349847", "chunk_text": "\"Kelly Monaco\"\ncostar Kirsten Storms counseled her through her feelings on that episode by convincing her to burn her prom dress. On April 25, 2009, Monaco's apartment at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino was ransacked by burglars. Kelly Monaco Kelly Marie Monaco (born May 23, 1976) is an American model, actress, and reality television personality, best known for her portrayal of Sam McCall on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\" and as the first season winner of the reality TV competition series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". Monaco was also Playboy \"\"Playmate of the Month\"\" for April 1997, and portrayed Livvie Locke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10466548", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22)\"\nwas the first celebrity revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" on March 2, 2016, while TV meteorologist Ginger Zee was also revealed on that show two days later, March 4. The remaining celebrities and professionals dancers were later revealed, also on \"\"Good Morning America\"\", on March 8. Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while judges Carrie Ann Inaba and Bruno Tonioli returned this season. Head judge Len Goodman has returned after missing last season, while Julianne Hough, who served as a judge during the previous three seasons, did not return. This table only counts dances scored on a 30-point", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19373712", "chunk_text": "\"The Bachelorette (season 1)\"\naccepting her final rose, Ryan proposed and was met with Trista's acceptance. The Bachelorette (season 1) The Bachelorette (season 1) is the first season of ABC reality television series \"\"The Bachelorette\"\". The show featured The Bachelor, season 1 runner-up, Trista Rehn, courting 25 men. The season premiered on January 8, 2003, and concluded on February 19, 2003, in which 28-year-old firefighter Ryan Sutter won the competition and eventually became Rehn's husband. The couple married in December 6, 2003 in Santa Monica, California, and they are living in Vail, Colorado with their two children. The following is the list of bachelors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8879186", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 16)\"\nThey then performed simultaneously with those professional dancers. Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Anna Trebunskaya, Chelsie Hightower, Tony Dovolani and Tristan MacManus were among the pros returning as well as Henry Byalikov, Emma Slater, Sasha Farber and Witney Carson from the troupe. Each couple performed to a song by Stevie Wonder. Hunter Hayes performed a duet with Wonder for an opening performance. Each couple also performed a team dance picked by the highest scoring couples Zendaya and Val (Team Paso doble) and Kellie and Derek (Team Samba). Each couple danced to a Latin hit. After having danced, the top scoring couple was saved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4923838", "chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series)\"\nD'umo, Carmen Electra, Brian Friedman, Jean-Marc Généreux, Jason Gilkison, Neil Patrick Harris, Hi-Hat, Katie Holmes, Dan Karaty, Lady Gaga, Carly Rae Jepsen, Lil' C, Rob Marshall, Mandy Moore, Megan Mullally, Kenny Ortega, Toni Redpath, Debbie Reynolds, Wade Robson, Doriana Sanchez, Shane Sparks, Sonya Tayeh, Olisa Thompson, Stacey Tookey, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, and Travis Wall. † From its inception in season 6 and through season 10, the dancer showcase episode represented a non-competitive round with no viewer voting or subsequent eliminations, followed the next week by the first competitive round. In season 11 it was the first episode of the season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6276393", "chunk_text": "\"David Ross (baseball)\"\nplay an abbreviated tournament lasting a few weeks out of the year. On March 1, 2017, Ross was revealed as one of the contestants on season 24 of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" and was paired with professional dancer Lindsay Arnold. Ross is the first professional baseball player ever to compete on the show. Despite only having the sixth-highest scoring average, Ross and Arnold outlasted higher-scoring couples and ended up placing runner-up to winner Rashad Jennings and partner Emma Slater. Ross is married to his high school sweetheart, Hyla Ross. She is a licensed pediatric nurse in the ICU and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13294039", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Michel\"\nAlex Michel Alexander Mattheus Michel (born August 10, 1970 in Charlottesville, Virginia) is an American businessman, producer, and television personality, best known for being the first star of \"\"The Bachelor\"\" during its premiere season in 2002. Michel was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of a corporate executive and a marriage and family therapist. He has two younger sisters. In high school, Michel was the valedictorian, student body president, homecoming king, and captain of the swim team. He graduated with honors from Harvard College, majoring in History and Literature, and was a member of the varsity swimming and water polo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16138352", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (Irish series 1)\"\ntaking part in the series. Des Bishop was confirmed as the first celebrity on 9 December 2016, during an appearance on \"\"The Late Late Show\"\"; RTÉ later confirmed he would be taking part in the series on Twitter. On 11 December 2016, former \"\"Fair City\"\" actress Aoibhín Garrihy, \"\"Red Rock\"\" actress Denise McCormack and model Thalia Heffernan were confirmed to take part in the series. On 12 December 2016, RTÉ confirmed the remaining seven contestants. Later that week, the professional dancing line-up was confirmed. This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale. Extra points from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16383001", "chunk_text": "\"Ashly DelGrosso\"\nwon several Amateur Ten Dance titles. She partnered professionally with Rick Robinson- her coach from the age of eleven, on the professional Latin circuit before retiring shortly before \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". In 2006, DelGrosso guest starred on \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" as Lori, one of the character's dance partner. She is part of a DVD titled \"\"Dancing With The Stars: Cardio Dance\"\" along with Kym Johnson and Maksim Chmerkovskiy. A bio on ABC's website during Season 1 of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" stated that DelGrosso's height is 5'3\"\". On October 21, 2006, DelGrosso married Mike Costa,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14011086", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsie Hightower\"\nChelsie Hightower Chelsie Kay Hightower (born July 21, 1989) is a ballroom dancer. She is known for being a regular dance partner, trainer and choreographer on the ABC competition show \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", where she was a professional from Season 8 to 15, excluding Season 13. Born Chelsie Kay Hightower in Las Vegas, Nevada, and raised in Orem, Utah with five older brothers and her mother and father until they divorced in 2006. She started dancing when she was nine years old and received conventional training since the age of 14. She has been trained in ballroom, jazz, ballet,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_152	who did the astros play last time they were in the world series?	n/a	[ "White Sox", "Los Angeles Dodgers" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11959295", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nboth the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and the state of Texas, its first World Series title. From 1888 until 1961, Houston's professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought an MLB team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men chiefly responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston: George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1723949", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nthe U.S. crewed space program—was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the first domed sports stadium. The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012, first in the West Division from 1969 to 1993, followed by the Central Division from 1994 to 2012. The team was reclassified to the American League West from 2013 onward. While a member of the NL, the Astros played in one World Series in 2005, losing in four games to the Chicago White Sox. In 2017, they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780124", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nAmerican League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history. The city of Houston celebrated the team's accomplishment with a parade on the afternoon of November 3, 2017. Houston's Independent School District gave the students and teachers the day off to watch the parade. On November 16, 2017 José Altuve was named the American League Most Valuable Player,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455145", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nis awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the second tie-breaker would be head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the third tie-breaker would be best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962. The Boston Red Sox won the 2018 World Series, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in 5 games for their fourth title since 2004. American League (AL)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780121", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nAstros entered the All-Star Break with an American League-best 60–29 record and a 16-game lead in the division, although the overall best record in MLB had just barely slipped to the Dodgers shortly before the All-Star Break by just one game. With Hurricane Harvey causing massive flooding throughout Houston and southeast Texas, the Astros' three-game series against the Texas Rangers for August 29–31, was relocated to Tropicana Field (home of the Tampa Bay Rays), in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Astros greatly improved against the Rangers in 2017, going 12–7 against them and winning the season series. At the August 31", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780120", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\ndivision rival (and eventual division winner) Texas Rangers. The Astros finished the 2016 season eleven games behind the Rangers. In 2014, \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series through their strategic rebuilding process. As of June 9, the Astros were 41–16, which gave them a 13.5-game lead over the rest of their division, and they had comfortable possession of the best record in the entire league. This was the best start in the Astros' 55-year history. As the games of June 23 concluded, the Astros had an 11.5-game lead over the rest of the division. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15978458", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Houston Astros season\"\n2018 Houston Astros season The 2018 Houston Astros season was the 57th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in Houston, their 54th as the Astros, sixth in both the American League (AL) and AL West division, and 19th at Minute Maid Park. The Astros were the defending World Series champions, having won the 2017 World Series four games to three over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Houston began the season March 29 against the Texas Rangers and finished the season on September 30 against the Baltimore Orioles. They repeated as American League West champions and swept the Cleveland Indians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573820", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\"\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15978459", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Houston Astros season\"\nin the Division Series to advance to the American League Championship Series, where they lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox. The Houston Astros entered the 2018 Major League Baseball season as defending World Series champions after defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. In addition to achieving their first-ever World Series championship, they claimed both their first American League (AL) pennant and AL West division championship. Center fielder George Springer was named the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and right-handed starting pitcher Justin Verlander was the American League Championship Series (ALCS) MVP. A number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780125", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\ncapping off a historic season in which he accumulated 200 hits for the fourth consecutive season, led the majors with a .346 BA, and was the unquestioned clubhouse leader of the World Series champions. On September 26, 2018, a victory by the Seattle Mariners over the Oakland A's sealed a repeat of the Astros as AL West division champs. For the third time in franchise history, the team won over 100 games. On September 29, they swept a doubleheader against the Baltimore Orioles to set a new franchise record of 103 wins. They finished the regular season 103-59, and faced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150073", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nteam since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins. Red Sox manager Alex Cora and Dodgers manager Dave Roberts were teammates on the Dodgers in 2002, 2003,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16534610", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nin four games. Houston then advanced to the AL Championship Series (ALCS) and defeated the New York Yankees in seven games for their first American League pennant. It was the second league championship in franchise history, and first since 2005 and they became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. Finally, the Astros faced and defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the World Series, garnering the first World Series title in franchise history. During the regular season, the Astros featured the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11937980", "chunk_text": "Houston\nsports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League. The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the \"\"Colt .45s\"\" until 1965) that won the World Series in 2017 and previously appeared in 2005. It is the only MLB team to have won pennants in both modern leagues. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association franchise based in the city since 1971. They have won two NBA Championships: in 1994 and 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon, Otis Thorpe, Clyde Drexler, Vernon Maxwell, and Kenny Smith. The Houston Texans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573823", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n6, and 7; and the Astros hosting Games 3, 4, and 5. This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year. The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game. This was the first Fall Classic since , and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season. The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780123", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nthe first team in Major League history to win three different divisions: National League West in 1980 and 1986, National League Central from 1997 to 1999 and 2001, and American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins, the first being in 1998. They finished 101–61, with a 21-game lead in the division, and faced the Red Sox in the first round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400068", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nreceived $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14 The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting. The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was \"\"Houston Astros' Day\"\". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade. Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series. 2017 World Series The 2017 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1437790", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\n2017 Houston Astros season The 2017 Houston Astros season was the 56th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in Houston, their 53rd as the Astros, fifth in both the American League (AL) and AL West division, and 18th at Minute Maid Park. The Astros began the regular season at home versus the Seattle Mariners on April 3, 2017, and concluded on the road at Fenway Park versus the Boston Red Sox on October 1. Following the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, the Astros added a patch on the front of their uniforms that read \"\"Houston Strong\"\". On September 17,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15257241", "chunk_text": "\"Drayton McLane\"\nthe National League in winning percentage (.543), but never won a World Series. The Astros, originally the Colt 45's, were founded in 1962. They won their first World Series in 2017 (2017 World Series). Up until 2017, the Astros 2005 season was the most successful season on the field for the Houston franchise. Winning the \"\"National League Pennant\"\" to advance to the World Series, Houston hosted the first World Series game ever played in the State of Texas. However, the Astros, who had rallied from a losing record earlier in the season, were swept by the Chicago White Sox in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1723948", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nHouston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000. The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in along with the New York Mets. The current name—reflecting Houston's role as the control center of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455156", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nOhio (Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds), Florida (Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins), Texas (Texas Rangers and Houston Astros – who now both play in the American League since the Astros changed leagues in 2013, making any future joint World Series appearance an impossibility unless one of the teams switches leagues), or Pennsylvania (the Philadelphia Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates have been traditional National League rivals going back to the late 19th Century). Neither the Phillies nor the Pirates ever faced the Athletics in October during the latter team's tenure in Philadelphia, through 1954. The Boston Red Sox never similarly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3767373", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nAs winners of their respective division, the Astros received a bye during the procession of the AL Wild Card Game, played between the wild card winners, New York Yankees and Minnesota Twins. The Astros were seeded #2 in the AL, the result of attaining the second-most wins in the league. Their first playoff game of 2017 was in the American League Division Series, versus the Boston Red Sox. It was the first time the Astros had faced the Red Sox in the postseason. The Astros played American League East division champion Boston Red Sox in the ALDS. In Game 1,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780127", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nKile died as an active player with the St. Louis Cardinals. In addition, the Astros have not issued the number 17 since Lance Berkman was traded in 2010. The number 42 is retired by Major League Baseball in honor of Jackie Robinson. The Astros have held their spring training at FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches in West Palm Beach, Florida since 2017. They share the stadium with the Washington Nationals. From 1985 to 2016, the Astros held spring training at Osceola County Stadium in Kissimmee, Florida. <nowiki>*</nowiki>In December 2016, the Astros agreed to a 30-year deal to field a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16069507", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Houston\"\n(MLS), Houston Dash (NWSL), and Houston SaberCats (MLR) . Houston does not have an NHL team. The Astros won the 2017 World Series for the first World Series win in franchise history. In 2006, the Dynamo won the MLS Cup in their first year after moving from San Jose, California, and in 2007 became the first MLS franchise since 1997 to repeat a championship. The Rockets won back-to-back NBA titles in 1994 and 1995. Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota Center (home of the Rockets) are located in Downtown Houston—contributing to an urban renaissance that has transformed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440036", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\n2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15634068", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nseries of consecutive base hits. The Astros suffered a 9-6 loss and the 2015 ALDS was tied at 2-2. Then the 2015 ALDS went back to Kansas City, where the Royals clinched the series in the fifth game. History of the Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston,Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based out of Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14981467", "chunk_text": "\"2005 World Series\"\nand had not been in the Series since 1959, three years before the Astros' inaugural season. Like the 1982 World Series between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Milwaukee Brewers, the 2005 World Series is one of only two World Series in the modern era (1903–present) with no possibility for a rematch between the two opponents, because the Astros moved to the AL in 2013. However, the Brewers did meet the Cardinals in the 2011 NL Championship Series. The Astros would return to the World Series in 2017 as an AL franchise, where they would win in seven games against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573827", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nthe Chicago White Sox. They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"\"Strong\"\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"\"Houston Strong\"\". Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400063", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nin seven games, a franchise won its first World Series title. After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted. 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros defeated Los Angeles Dodgers. Fox broadcast the series in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573821", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nfirst team from Texas to do so. It was the first time since 2001-2002 when two consecutive World Series went to seven games. Both teams set a World Series record with a combined total of 25 home runs throughout the entire series, including a team record 15 home runs by the Astros, and hit a combined total of eight home runs in Game 2 to set the single game World Series mark. Houston outfielder George Springer was named as the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) after hitting five home runs in the series to tie a World Series record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440037", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nLeague Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; this ALCS was sponsored by Camping World and was officially known as the American League Championship Series presented by Camping World. The Astros would go on to defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series in seven games, winning their first World Series championship in franchise history. The Astros defeated the Boston Red Sox 3–1 in the 2017 American League Division Series (ALDS). This is the Astros' fifth appearance in a League Championship Series, and their first since transferring from the National League to the American League. Their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11937983", "chunk_text": "Houston\nStadium is where the University of Houston Houston Cougars football team plays. Houston has hosted several major sports events: the 1968, 1986 and 2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Games; the 1989, 2006 and 2013 NBA All-Star Games; Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl XXXVIII, and Super Bowl LI, as well as hosting the 1981, 1986, 1994 and 1995 NBA Finals, winning the latter two, and co-hosting the 2005 World Series and 2017 World Series, winning the latter. NRG Stadium hosted Super Bowl LI on February 5, 2017. The city has hosted several major professional and college sporting events, including the annual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2487024", "chunk_text": "\"National League Championship Series\"\nby a players' strike. In 1994, the league was restructured into three divisions, with the three division winners and a wild-card team advancing to a best-of-five postseason round, the National League Division Series (NLDS). The winners of that round advance to the best-of-seven NLCS. The Milwaukee Brewers, an American League team between 1969 and 1997, and the Houston Astros, a National League team between 1962 and 2012, are the only franchises to play in both the ALCS and NLCS. The Astros are the only team to have won both an NLCS (2005) and an ALCS (2017). The Astros made four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150102", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nHouse, on a yet to be determined date. 2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400057", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nin a World Series. Springer also joined Hank Bauer in the 1958 World Series and Barry Bonds in the 2002 World Series with four home runs in a series. The Astros loaded the bases in the fifth inning, but did not score. Hill pitched innings, struck out five and allowed four hits and one run. In the sixth inning, Taylor tied the game with an RBI double and Seager hit a sacrifice fly to give the Dodgers the lead. Verlander pitched six innings with nine strikeouts and only three hits allowed. Pederson hit a home run in the bottom of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440051", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nadvanced to their first World Series in 12 years, becoming the first team to win pennants in both leagues. Houston's victory made this just the fifth best-of-seven series (following the 1987, 1991, and 2001 World Series, and the 2004 National League Championship Series), and the first ALCS, in which the home team won all seven games. This was also Joe Girardi's final game as Yankees manager as 5 days after the game the Yankees announced that he would not be coming back for the 2018 season. 2017 ALCS (4–3): Houston Astros beat New York Yankees. 2017 American League Championship Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8472630", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nHistory of the Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston,Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based out of Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team began with the name Colt .45s in 1962 and changed their name to the Houston Astros in 1965 when they began playing in the Astrodome. The team has played in three ballparks in Houston, Colt .45 Stadium (1962-1964),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150071", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\n2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3097887", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Texas\"\nwith two Major League Baseball teams. The Houston Astros started playing in 1962. The Texas Rangers debuted in 1972 after relocating from Washington, D.C. In 2005, the Astros became the first team in Texas to make it to the World Series. The Rangers followed the Astros in 2010 to their first World Series and the following year as well. In 2017, the Astros became the first team in Texas to win the World Series. Minor League Baseball is also closely followed in Texas—especially in the smaller metropolitan areas. Three teams play in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League: the El Paso", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150078", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nentered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the 2018 National League Division Series and the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the 2018 National League Championship Series, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of a League Championship Series on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11962066", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nClass-A Advanced team in Fayetteville, North Carolina, beginning in 2019. The team will play the 2017 and 2018 seasons in Buies Creek while a new stadium is built in Fayetteville. Since 2013, the Astros' flagship radio station is KBME, Sportstalk 790 AM (a Fox Sports Radio affiliate). Previously, the team had a partnership with KTRH (740 AM) which went from 1999 to 2012 (both stations are owned by iHeartMedia). This change suddenly made it difficult for listeners outside of Houston itself to hear the Astros, as KTRH runs 50 kilowatts of power day and night, and KBME runs only five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400067", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nbooth. For the first time, MLB sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; the internet television service YouTube TV is the first-ever presenting sponsor of the World Series. The series is officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series Presented by YouTube TV\"\". This sponsorship includes logo branding in-stadium and on official digital properties, as well as commercial inventory during Fox's telecasts of the games. This was Houston’s first sports championship since the Rockets’ 1995 title, and third overall. The Astros earned $30,420,155.57 from postseason pool money to split among team personnel; each share was worth $438,901.57. The Dodgers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3767378", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nconcluded the second-longest game in World Series history, running at five hours, 17 minutes. Doug Miller of MLB.com ranked World Series Game 5 as the top game of 2017. Springer homered and doubled in Game 7, finishing with two runs and two RBI. He hit five home runs, tying the World Series record shared by Reggie Jackson and Dodgers second baseman Chase Utley. He also homered in each of the final four games, setting a World Series record for consecutive games with a home run. Springer was named the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP), hitting 11 of 29 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16534629", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nthe game. Giles struck out four of six batters faced for his first save of the ALCS and second of the postseason. On October 14, Verlander started Game 2, throwing a 13-strikeout, 2–1 complete game victory. The Astros won the game on a ninth-inning walk-off double by Carlos Correa that drove home Altuve. Facing elimination in Game 6 of the ALCS, Verlander pitched seven shutout innings in a 7−1 victory over the Yankees. The Astros also defeated the Yankees 4−0 in Game 7, on October 21, 2017, allowing them to advance to the World Series for the second time in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11962064", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nthe Cleveland Indians in the ALDS. The Astros swept Cleveland and advanced to the ALCS to face the Boston Red Sox, ultimately losing in 5 games. Source: Two awards are presented each year, one to a Houston Astro and one to a St. Louis Cardinal, each of whom exemplifies Kile's virtues of being \"\"a good teammate, a great friend, a fine father and a humble man.\"\" The winner is selected by each local chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Source: While not officially retired, the Astros have not reissued number 57 since 2002, when former Astros pitcher Darryl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3767379", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nbats and driving in seven as the Astros' leadoff hitter. As a side note, Springer was featured on a 2014 cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" magazine that heralded a World Series win for the Astros in 2017. Altuve and Verlander were named co-winners of the Babe Ruth Award as MVPs of the Astros' postseason. In the Astros' 18-game championship run, Altuve batted .310/.388/.634, 22 hits, 14 runs scored, seven home runs, 14 RBI, and nine extra-base hits. He established a franchise record for total hits in a postseason. Further, he tied the record for home runs by a second baseman in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12813695", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Houston Astros season\"\nmaking the Astros the only MLB team at the time to have all of their starting pitchers having at least one selection to participate in the MLB All-Star game. On September 26, 2018, Houston won the American League West division title after the Oakland Athletics were defeated by the Seattle Mariners, following a 4–1 win against the Toronto Blue Jays. 2018 Houston Astros season The 2018 Houston Astros season was the 57th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in Houston, their 54th as the Astros, sixth in both the American League (AL) and AL West division, and 19th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870783", "chunk_text": "\"Hurricane Harvey\"\nHurricane Irma would force the stadium's regular tenants, the Tampa Bay Rays, to move three home games to Citi Field in New York City. In the aftermath, the Houston Astros began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"\"Strong\"\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"\"Houston Strong\"\", prominently displaying them as the Astros won the 2017 World Series. Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city. The annual Texas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2808427", "chunk_text": "\"Lance McCullers Jr.\"\n7.45 ERA and 1–5 W–L in between DL stints. On October 21, 2017, McCullers pitched four scoreless innings in relief and earned his first career save in a 4–0 win over the New York Yankees in Game 7 of the ALCS. This sent the Astros to their first World Series since 2005 and their first as a member of the AL, to face the Los Angeles Dodgers. He drew the start in Game 3 for his first career World Series start, and again in Game 7. The Astros won the Series in the seventh game for the first title in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8027026", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Clippard\"\nThe Astros finished the 2017 season with a 101–61 record, clinching the AL West. Clippard, however, was not part of any postseason action, although he was still on the Astros 40-man roster at the time. The Astros won their first World Series in franchise history as they bested the Los Angeles Dodgers in 7 games of the 2017 World Series. Clippard would still win his first career World Series championship after 11 seasons of service in the Majors. On March 7, 2018, Clippard signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. His contract was purchased by the Blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780122", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nwaiver-trade deadline GM Jeff Luhnow acquired veteran starting pitcher and Cy Young Award winner Justin Verlander to bolster the starting rotation. Verlander won each of his 5 regular season starts with the Astros, yielding only 4 runs over this stretch. He carried his success into the playoffs, posting a record of 4–1 in his 6 starts, and throwing a complete game in Game 2 of the ALCS. Verlander was named the 2017 ALCS MVP. The Astros clinched their first division title as a member of the American League West division, and first division title overall since 2001. They also became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_153	when was the minimum wage established in the united states?	n/a	[ "1938", "1933", "1912" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12882202", "chunk_text": "\"History of the minimum wage\"\nfirst introduced nationally in 1938 by president Franklin D. Roosevelt. In addition to the federal minimum wage, nearly all states within the United States have their own minimum wage laws with the exception of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Sixteen states have a minimum wage that is higher than the federal minimum wage. In the 1960s, minimum wage laws were introduced into Latin America as part of the Alliance for Progress; however these minimum wages were, and are, low. In the European Union, 18 member states currently have national minimum wages. Many countries, such as Norway, Sweden, Finland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988211", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nMilwaukee County, Wisconsin, as well as the California cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Long Beach, San Jose, Richmond, and Oakland. In 2016, the District of Columbia Council passed a minimum wage ordinance that included a union waiver, but Mayor Vincent Gray vetoed it. Later that year, the council approved an increase without the union waiver. The federal minimum wage was introduced in 1938 at the rate of $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2018 dollars). By 1950 the minimum wage had risen to $0.75 per hour. The minimum wage had its highest purchasing power in 1968, when it was $1.60", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371386", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nMinimum wage in the United States The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371395", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\ngave women the right to vote and equal legal status. In 1933, the Roosevelt administration during the New Deal made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage regiment with the National Industrial Recovery Act, which set minimum wage and maximum hours on an industry and regional basis. The Supreme Court, however, in \"\"Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States\"\" (1935) ruled the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage regulations were abolished. Two years later after President Roosevelt's overwhelming reelection in 1936 and discussion of judicial reform, the Supreme Court took up the issue of labor legislation again in \"\"West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988212", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nper hour ($11.65 in 2018 dollars). The real value of the Federal minimum wage in 2016 dollars has decreased by one-third since 1968. The minimum wage would be $11 in 2016 if its real value had remained at the 1968 level. From January 1981 to April 1990, the minimum wage was frozen at $3.35 per hour, then a record-setting minimum wage freeze. From September 1, 1997 through July 23, 2007, the federal minimum wage remained constant at $5.15 per hour, breaking the old record. In 2009 the minimum wage was adjusted to $7.25 where it has remained fixed for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371397", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nin interstate commerce or in the production of goods for interstate commerce,\"\" but in amendments in 1961 and 1966, the federal minimum wage was extended (with slightly different rates) to employees in large retail and service enterprises, local transportation and construction, state and local government employees, as well as other smaller expansions; a grandfather clause in 1990 drew most employees into the purview of federal minimum wage policy, which now set the wage at $3.80. The federal minimum wage in the United States was reset to its current rate of $7.25 per hour in July 2009. Some U.S. territories (such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371392", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nLeague, the Women's Trade Union League (WTLU) of Massachusetts under the leadership of Elizabeth Evans took up the cause of minimum wage legislation in Massachusetts. Over the next two years, a coalition of social reform groups and labor advocates in Boston pushed for minimum wage legislation in the state. On June 4, 1912, Massachusetts passed the first minimum wage legislation in the United States, which established a state commission for recommending non-compulsory minimum wages for women and children. The passage of the bill was significantly assisted by the Lawrence textile strike which had raged for ten weeks at the beginning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371387", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nreferendum or legislative action. Using 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars, the federal minimum wage peaked at $11.77 per hour in 1968. If the minimum wage in 1968 had kept up with labor's productivity growth, it would have reached $19.33 in 2017. There is a racial difference in support for a higher minimum wage with most Black and Latino individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage, and 54% of Whites opposing it. In 2015, about 3% of White, Asian, and Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less. Amongst Black workers, the percentage was about 4%. Minimum wage legislation emerged at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4274308", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage law\"\nUnited States. It was signed into law on May 25, 2007 as a rider to the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. The act implemented three increases to the federal minimum wage—from $5.15 an hour to $5.85 per hour on July 24, 2007, to $6.55 per hour on July 24, 2008, and to $7.25 an hour on July 24, 2009. Nearly all states within the United States have minimum wage laws; Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee are the only states yet to set a minimum wage law. As of July 24,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12882201", "chunk_text": "\"History of the minimum wage\"\nmade it clear it would not accept a national minimum wage. Finally, with the return of Labour, the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 set a minimum of ₤3.60 per hour, with lower rates for younger workers. It largely affected workers in high turnover service industries such as fast food restaurants, and members of ethnic minorities. In 1912, the state of Massachusetts, United States, set minimum wages for women and children, and some states enacted similar protective laws. Under the Massachusetts laws, there was \"\"the power only to investigate conditions and recommend changes\"\". In the United States, statutory minimum wages were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371396", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nCoast Hotel Co. v. Parrish\"\" (1937) and upheld the constitutionality of minimum wage legislation enacted by Washington state and overturned the \"\"Adkins\"\" decision which marked the end of the \"\"Lochner\"\" era. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this time at a uniform rate of $0.25 per hour ($4.78 in 2017 dollars). The Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in \"\"United States v. Darby Lumber Co.\"\" (1941), holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions. The 1938 minimum wage law only applied to \"\"employees engaged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988242", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nto the May 2009 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the lowest-paid occupational sectors in May 2009 (when the federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour) were the following: Minimum wage in the United States The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law. Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926263", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nrecognition of unions which in turn established minimum wage policy among their members, as in New Zealand in 1894, followed by Australia in 1896 and the United Kingdom in 1909. In the United States, statutory minimum wages were first introduced nationally in 1938, and they were reintroduced and expanded in the United Kingdom in 1998. There is now legislation or binding collective bargaining regarding minimum wage in more than 90 percent of all countries. In the European Union, 22 member states out of 28 currently have national minimum wages. Other countries, such as Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371402", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\npassed ordinances that gradually increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour. In 2016 New York and California became the first states to pass legislation that would gradually raise the minimum wage to $15 per hour in each state, followed by Massachusetts in 2018. In April 2014, the U.S. Senate debated the minimum wage on the federal level by way of the Minimum Wage Fairness Act. The bill would have amended the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) to increase the federal minimum wage for employees to $10.10 per hour over the course of a two-year period. The bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123491", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nused to set a living wage. An amendment to the Statute of Labourers in 1389 effectively fixed wages to the price of food. As time passed, the Justice of the Peace, who was charged with setting the maximum wage, also began to set formal minimum wages. The practice was eventually formalized with the passage of the Act Fixing a Minimum Wage in 1604 by King James I for workers in the textile industry. By the early 19th century, the Statutes of Labourers was repealed as increasingly capitalistic England embraced \"\"laissez-faire\"\" policies which disfavored regulations of wages (whether upper or lower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371393", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nof 1912. The strike brought national attention to the plight of the low wage textile workers, and pushed the state legislatures, who feared the magnitude of the strike, to enact progressive labor legislation. By 1923, fifteen U.S. states and the District of Columbia had passed minimum wage laws, with pressure being placed on state legislatures by the National Consumers League in a coalition with other women's voluntary associations and organized labor. The United States Supreme Court of the \"\"Lochner\"\" era (1897–1937), however, consistently invalidated labor regulation laws. Advocates for state minimum wage laws hoped that they would be upheld under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13598610", "chunk_text": "\"Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938\"\nhour. At the time, retail workers and services workers were not covered by minimum wage laws. Congress passed an amendment to the FLSA, and President Eisenhower signed it on August 12, 1955. The amendment increased the minimum wage from seventy-five cents per hour to one dollar per hour, effective March 1, 1956. Despite a push by some members of Congress, retail workers, service workers, agricultural workers, and construction workers were still not required to be paid at least the minimum wage. The 1961 amendment added another method of determining a type of coverage called enterprise coverage. Enterprise coverage applies only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371389", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nstate minimum wage laws passed throughout the United States. The first successful attempts at using minimum wage laws to ameliorate the problem of nonliving wages occurred in the Australian state of Victoria in 1896. Factory inspector reports and newspaper reporting on the conditions of sweated labor in Melbourne, Victoria led in 1895 to the formation of the National Anti-Sweating League which pushed the government aggressively to deal legislatively with the problem of substandard wages. The government, following the recommendation of the Victorian Chief Secretary Alexander Peacock, established wage boards which were tasked with establishing minimum wages in the labor trades", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926268", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nconsiderations weigh in as labor leaders seek to win support by demanding the highest possible rate. Other concerns include purchasing power, inflation indexing and standardized working hours. In the United States, the minimum wage promulgated by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. According to the Economic Policy Institute, the minimum wage in the United States would have been $18.28 in 2013 if the minimum wage had kept pace with labor productivity. To adjust for increased rates of worker productivity in the United States, raising the minimum wage to $22 (or more) an hour has been presented. According to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123489", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nunion membership which prescribed minimum wages for their members were first passed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1890s. The movement for minimum wages was first motivated as a way to stop the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, by employers who were thought to have unfair bargaining power over them. Over time, minimum wages came to be seen as a way to help lower-income families. Most countries had introduced minimum wage legislation by the end of the 20th century. Modern minimum wage laws trace their origin to the Ordinance of Labourers (1349), which was a decree by King Edward", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988213", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\npast nine years. The purchasing power of the federal minimum wage has fluctuated. Since 1984, the purchasing power of the federal minimum wage has decreased. Measured in real terms (adjusted for inflation) using 1984 dollars, the real minimum wage was $3.35 in 1984, $2.33 in 1994, $1.84 in 2004, and $1.46 in 2014. If the minimum wage had been raised to $10.10 in 2014, that would have equated to $4.40 in 1984 dollars. This would have been equal to a 31% increase in purchasing power, despite the nominal value of the minimum wage increasing by 216% in the same time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926261", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nlimits). The subsequent 19th century saw significant labor unrest affect many industrial nations. As trade unions were decriminalized during the century, attempts to control wages through collective agreement were made. However, this meant that a uniform minimum wage was not possible. In \"\"Principles of Political Economy\"\" in 1848, John Stuart Mill argued that because of the collective action problems that workers faced in organisation, it was a justified departure from \"\"laissez-faire\"\" policies (or freedom of contract) to regulate people's wages and hours by the law. It was not until the 1890s that the first modern legislative attempts to regulate minimum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18967306", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum Wage Fairness Act\"\nMinimum Wage Fairness Act The Minimum Wage Fairness Act () is a bill that would amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) to increase the federal minimum wage for employees to $10.10 per hour over the course of a two-year period. The bill was strongly supported by President Barack Obama and many of the Democratic Senators, but strongly opposed by Republicans in the Senate and House. The bill was introduced into the United States Senate during the 113th United States Congress. In the United States workers generally must be paid no less than the statutory minimum wage. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13598608", "chunk_text": "\"Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938\"\nthe work. Upon signing the act, President Harry Truman urged Congress to increase the minimum wage from 40 cents per hour to 65 cents per hour. The full effect of the FLSA of 1938 was postponed by the wartime inflation of the 1940s, which increased (nominal) wages to above the level specified in the Act. On October 26, 1949, President Truman signed the Fair Labor Standards Amendment Act of 1949 (ch. 736, , , ). The act defined an employee's \"\"regular rate\"\" of pay for purposes of computation of overtime pay. The act specified that employees were covered by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371388", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nend of the nineteenth century from the desire to end sweated labor which had developed in the wake of industrialization. Sweatshops employed large numbers of women and young workers, paying them what were considered nonliving wages that did not allow workers to afford the necessaries of life. Besides substandard wages, sweating was also associated with long work hours and unsanitary work conditions. From the 1890s to the 1920s, during the Progressive Era, a time of social activists and political reform across the United States, progressive reformers, women's organizations, religious figures, academics, and politicians all played an important role in getting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956075", "chunk_text": "\"Labour law\"\nfar from all do. The Swedish case illustrates that in countries without statutory regulation will part of the labour market do not have regulated minimum wages, as self-regulation only applies to workplaces and employees covered by collective agreements (in Sweden about 90 per cent of employees). National minimum wage laws were first introduced in the United States in 1938, Brazil in 1940 India in 1948, France in 1950 and in the United Kingdom in 1998. In the European Union, 18 out of 28 member states have national minimum wages as of 2011. The living wage is higher than the minimum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16255363", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage law\"\nadvice from another agencies such as their local Citizens Advice Bureau or the Scottish Low Pay Unit—this is particularly recommended if other employment rights issues are involved, as the HMRC can only deal with minimum wage enquiries. From 1 April 2016 a National Living Wage was introduced for workers over 25, implemented at a significantly higher minimum wage rate, and expected to rise to at least £9 per hour by 2020. In the United States, statutory minimum wages were first introduced nationally in 1938. The Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 is the current federal minimum wage law of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4274284", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage law\"\nset a universal minimum wage; rather it set basic wages for 6 industries that were considered to pay low wages. First enacted as a four-year experiment, the wages board was renewed in 1900 and made permanent in 1904; by that time it covered 150 different industries. By 1902, other Australian states, such as New South Wales and Western Australia, had also formed wages boards. The notion of a \"\"basic wage\"\" was established in 1907 with the Harvester Judgment. In Australia, on 14 December 2005, the Australian Fair Pay Commission was established under the \"\"Workplace Relations Amendment (WorkChoices) Act 2005\"\" responsible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988240", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nthrough automatic adjustments, while increases in 11 other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington state have the highest minimum wages in the country, at $11.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. Some large employers in the traditionally low-paying retail sector have declared an internal minimum wage. As of 2018: Jobs that a minimum wage is most likely to directly affect are those that pay close to the minimum. According to the May 2006 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13598609", "chunk_text": "\"Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938\"\nFair Labor Standards Act if they are \"\"directly essential\"\" to production of goods for interstate commerce. The act increased the minimum wage from 40 cents to 75 cents per hour, effective January 24, 1950. The act prohibited oppressive child labor in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. The act also included a few new exemptions for special worker classes. In 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower urged Congress to amend the FLSA in order to increase the number of employees who are covered by minimum wage laws and to increase the minimum wage itself to ninety cents per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18967313", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum Wage Fairness Act\"\nwage for workers who receive tips by gradually raising that wage until it equals 70 percent of the federal minimum wage for other workers. Finally, S. 1737 would amend the Internal Revenue Code to extend through 2016 an increased limitation on the amount of investment that firms can immediately deduct from their taxable income—a limitation that mostly affects small- to medium-sized businesses. The Minimum Wage Fairness Act was introduced into the United States Senate on November 19, 2013 by Sen. Tom Harkin (D, IA). On April 8, 2014, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid announced that the Senate would not vote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371404", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nwage to $15 per hour by 2024 and index it to inflation. The Raise the Wage Act of 2017, which was simultaneously introduced in the House of Representatives with 166 Democratic cosponsors, would raise the minimum wage to $9.25 per hour immediately, and then gradually increase it to $15 per hour by 2024, while simultaneously raising the minimum wage for tipped workers and phasing it out. The legislation was introduced according to Senator Bernie Sanders to make sure that every worker has at least a modest and decent standard of living. In the United States, different states are able to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371400", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nIn 2003 San Francisco, California and Santa Fe, New Mexico were the first cities to approve consumer price indexing for their minimum wage. Oregon and Florida were the next states to link their minimum wages to the consumer price index. Later in 2006, voters in six states (Arizona, Colorado, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, and Ohio) approved statewide increases in the state minimum wage. The amounts of these increases ranged from $1 to $1.70 per hour, and all increases were designed to annually index to inflation. As of 2018, the minimum wage is indexed to inflation in 17 states. Since 2012, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2651224", "chunk_text": "\"History of the minimum wage\"\nHistory of the minimum wage The history of minimum wage is about the attempts and measures governments have made to introduce a standard amount of periodic pay below which employers could not compensate their workers. New Zealand enacted the first national minimum wage laws in 1894 by the \"\"Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act\"\", which, unlike the wages board of Victoria, established arbitration boards to enforce compulsory arbitration. In 1896, Victoria, Australia, amended the \"\"Factories and Shops Act\"\" to create a wages board. The wages board did not set a universal minimum wage; rather it set basic wages for six industries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340383", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nin the United States suffers from a lack of political support from either major political party. In January 2014, seven Nobel economists—Kenneth Arrow, Peter Diamond, Eric Maskin, Thomas Schelling, Robert Solow, Michael Spence, and Joseph Stiglitz—and 600 other economists wrote a letter to the US Congress and the US President urging that, by 2016, the US government should raise the minimum wage to $10.10. They endorsed the Minimum Wage Fairness Act which was introduced by US Senator Tom Harkin in 2013. U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders introduced a bill in 2015 that would raise the minimum wage to $15, and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2707770", "chunk_text": "\"Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007\"\nFair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 The Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 is a US Act of Congress that amended the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to gradually raise the federal minimum wage from $5.15 per hour to $7.25 per hour. It was signed into law on May 25, 2007 as part of the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. The act raises the federal minimum wage in 3 increments: to $5.85 per hour 60 days after enactment (2007-07-24), to $6.55 per hour 12 months after that (2008-07-24), and finally to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988208", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nled in subsequent years to citywide local minimum wage laws which apply to all workers. In the current wave of minimum wage legislative action, Seattle, Washington was the first city to pass on June 2, 2014 a local ordinance to increase the minimum wage for all workers to $15.00 per hour, which phases in over seven years. This ordinance followed the referendum in SeaTac, Washington in November 2013, which raised on a more limited scale the local minimum wage to $15.00 for transportation and hospitality workers. Numerous other cities have followed Seattle's example since. San Francisco became the first major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8316067", "chunk_text": "\"Child labour law\"\nthe United States did not enact federal laws until the Fair Labor Standards Act was passed in 1938. This law set minimum wages to 40 cent an hour, restricted the child work week to 40 hours a week, and restricted children under 16 from working in manufacturing plants and mining. In 1941 the U.S. Supreme Court mandated that the law was constitutional. Much of the labour laws enacted started either shortly before or after World War I.The International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF were created with the Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I as a way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13213300", "chunk_text": "\"Prevailing wage\"\nthirty years was followed by seven other states (New York 1894, Oklahoma 1909, Idaho 1911, Arizona 1912, New Jersey 1913, Massachusetts 1914, and Nebraska 1923) in establishing minimum labor standards for public works construction. In the midst of the Great Depression, beginning in 1931 and prior to the end of World War II, twenty additional states passed their own prevailing wage laws. In 1931 Congress passed the Davis–Bacon Act after 14 earlier attempts, the Federal Prevailing Wage law that remains in force, bar a few suspensions, to this day. Prevailing wage may include both wages, benefits, and other payments such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12882205", "chunk_text": "\"History of the minimum wage\"\nGerman authorities, initiating two months' notice of potential legal action. In May 2014, Switzerland was overwhelmingly defeated in a referendum concerning a proposal to set the minimum wage at 22 Swiss francs ($25), which would have given the country the world's highest minimum wage. History of the minimum wage The history of minimum wage is about the attempts and measures governments have made to introduce a standard amount of periodic pay below which employers could not compensate their workers. New Zealand enacted the first national minimum wage laws in 1894 by the \"\"Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act\"\", which, unlike the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926262", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage\"\nwages were seen in New Zealand and Australia. The movement for a minimum wage was initially focused on stopping sweatshop labor and controlling the proliferation of sweatshops in manufacturing industries. The sweatshops employed large numbers of women and young workers, paying them what were considered to be substandard wages. The sweatshop owners were thought to have unfair bargaining power over their employees, and a minimum wage was proposed as a means to make them pay fairly. Over time, the focus changed to helping people, especially families, become more self-sufficient. The first modern national minimum wages were enacted by the government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988239", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nhigher wage applies only to businesses that contract with the local government, while in other cases the higher minimum applies to all work. The average US minimum wage per capita (2017) is $8.49 based on the population size of each state and generally represents the average minimum wage experienced by a person working in one of the fifty US states. Cities, counties, districts, and territories are not included in the calculation. As of October 2016, there have been 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2014 to 2015, nine states increased their minimum wage levels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11371394", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nthe precedent of \"\"Muller v. Oregon\"\" (1908), which upheld maximum working hours laws for women on the grounds that women required special protection that men did not. The Supreme Court, however, did not extend this principle to minimum wage laws. The court ruled in \"\"Adkins v. Children's Hospital\"\" (1923) that the District of Columbia's minimum wage law was unconstitutional, because the law interfered with the ability of employers to freely negotiate wage contracts with employees. The court also noted that women did not require anymore special protection by the law, following the passage in 1920 of the Nineteenth Amendment, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988234", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nwith the statement. Economist Paul Krugman advocated raising the minimum wage moderately in 2013, citing several reasons, including: Democratic candidates, elected officials, and activists support an increase in the minimum wage. In his 2013 State of the Union Address, President Barack Obama called for an increase in the federal minimum wage to $9 an hour; several months later, Democrats Tom Harkin and George Miller proposed legislation to increase the federal minimum wage to $10.10; and in 2015, congressional Democrats introduced a proposal to increase the federal minimum wage to $12 an hour. These efforts did not succeed, but increases in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13598619", "chunk_text": "\"Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938\"\nor injury. These employees must still be paid wages that are related to the individual's productivity and commensurate with those paid to similarly located and employed nonhandicapped workers. The Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986 repealed the eight-hour daily overtime requirements on all federal contracts. In 1989, Senator Edward M. Kennedy introduced a bill to increase the minimum wage from $3.35 per hour to $4.55 per hour in stages. Secretary of Labor Elizabeth Dole supported increasing the minimum wage to $4.25 per hour along with allowing a minimum wage of $3.35 an hour for new employees' first ninety days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16255359", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage law\"\nof their employees to be members of trades unions. Instead the Wages Act 1986 reformed the wages councils and abolished the power to create new ones. A National Minimum Wage (NMW) was introduced for the first time by the Labour government on 1 April 1999 at the rate of £3.60 per hour for those workers aged 22 and over, Labour having promised to set a minimum wage in their 1997 general election campaign. In its election manifesto, it had claimed that every other modern industrial country had already adopted a minimum wage. This rate was set after the Low Pay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988209", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\ncity in the U.S. to reach a minimum wage of $15.00 per hour on July 1, 2018. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. The minimum wage in Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., will be $15.00 per hour in 2020. Similarly, the minimum wage in Minneapolis, Minnesota will be $15.00 per hour by 2022. A growing number of other California cities have also enacted local minimum wage ordinances to increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour, including Berkeley, El Cerrito, Emeryville, Mountain View, Oakland, Richmond, and San Jose. Some minimum wage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2651227", "chunk_text": "\"History of the minimum wage\"\nof social reforms. Winston Churchill, president of the Board of Trade, introduced the Trade Boards Act in 1909. It created boards that set minimum wage criteria that were legally enforceable. The main provision was to set minimum wages in certain trades with the history of low wages, because of surplus of available workers, the presence of women workers, or the lack of skills. At first it applied to four industries: chain-making, ready-made dresses. paper-box making, and the machine-made lace and finishing trade. About 70 per cent of their 200,000 workers were women. Coal mining was added in 1912, after a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7702548", "chunk_text": "\"Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007\"\neffectively benefit from the minimum wage increase just the same. Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 The Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 is a US Act of Congress that amended the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to gradually raise the federal minimum wage from $5.15 per hour to $7.25 per hour. It was signed into law on May 25, 2007 as part of the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. The act raises the federal minimum wage in 3 increments: to $5.85 per hour 60 days after enactment (2007-07-24), to $6.55", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13988207", "chunk_text": "\"Minimum wage in the United States\"\nworkers to a livable wage. Some government entities, such as counties and cities, observe minimum wages that are higher than the state as a whole. In 2003 San Francisco, California and Santa Fe, New Mexico were the first two cities to introduce local minimum wage ordinances. Another device to increase wages locally are living wage ordinances, which generally apply only to businesses that are under contract to the local government itself. In 1994 Baltimore, Maryland was the first city in the United States to pass such a living wage ordinance. These targeted living wage ordinances for city contract workers have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_154	who sings theme tune to orange is the new black?	n/a	[ "Spektor" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2246398", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got Time\"\nYou've Got Time \"\"You've Got Time\"\" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" by Regina Spektor, who was approached by the show's creator, Jenji Kohan. Kohan said, \"\"I listened to Regina's albums obsessively while writing the series, so I immediately thought of her for our theme song.\"\" Additionally Spektor had previously performed a cover", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2246401", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got Time\"\nforgiveness.\"\" \"\"You've Got Time\"\" was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. It was Spektor's first Grammy nomination. The song was covered by The Wind and The Wave for its 2015 album, \"\"Covers One\"\". You've Got Time \"\"You've Got Time\"\" is the main title theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", written, composed and performed by Regina Spektor. The song was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The song was written specifically for \"\"Orange Is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14689068", "chunk_text": "\"Regina Spektor\"\nRowboats\"\" was featured on The CW's \"\"Ringer\"\" in March 2012. The song \"\"Your Honor\"\" was used in the Season 2 premiere of HBO's series \"\"Girls\"\" on January 13, 2013, and the song \"\"Laughing With\"\" was featured on BBC drama \"\"The Crash\"\" in March 2013 as well as in HBO's The Leftovers in November 2015. Regina wrote and recorded \"\"You've Got Time\"\" to be the theme song for the Netflix Original Series \"\"Orange is the New Black\"\" which premiered in 2013. Spektor was approached by the show's creator, Jenji Kohan, to create the opening number. Her cover of \"\"While My Guitar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15901530", "chunk_text": "\"Gwendolyn Sanford\"\nGwendolyn Sanford Gwendolyn Sanford is an American singer-songwriter and composer. She is best known for her performances with Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang and for her contributions to the scores for \"\"Weeds\"\", \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and other films and plays. Sanford was born in Philadelphia and raised in Sierra Madre, California. Sanford studied acting at the Los Angeles County School High School for the Arts. While in school, she learned to play guitar and at age 27, formed Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang. The group was first noticed at a 2003 street fair in Los Feliz.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15308504", "chunk_text": "\"Gwendolyn Sanford\"\nGwendolyn has recorded four solo albums Gwendolyn has released four children's albums as \"\"Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang\"\": And a live concert DVD The \"\"Good Time Gang\"\" performs for children's events, mainly in California. Musicians in Gwendolyn's live band include: Musicians Gwendolyn has worked with include: Gwendolyn Sanford Gwendolyn Sanford is an American singer-songwriter and composer. She is best known for her performances with Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang and for her contributions to the scores for \"\"Weeds\"\", \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and other films and plays. Sanford was born in Philadelphia and raised in Sierra Madre,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15901531", "chunk_text": "\"Gwendolyn Sanford\"\nIn addition to her solo works,Sanford, and her husband Brandon Jay, recorded four albums of children's music as Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang. Sanford, Brandon Jay and Scott Doherty compose music for Netflix's original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Prior, Gwendolyn and Brandon Jay composed the score for \"\"Weeds\"\". At least two different versions of Gwendolyn's song \"\"Freedom of the Heart (Ooodily, Ooodily)\"\" are prominently featured in Mike White's 2000 film \"\"Chuck & Buck\"\". She and Jay composed music for the play, \"\"Gruesome Playground Injuries\"\". Sanford wrote the music and lyrics for \"\"Romy and Michele's High School Reunion\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "24165", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Sky (song)\"\nOrange Sky (song) \"\"Orange Sky\"\" is a song from Alexi Murdoch's EP \"\"Four Songs\"\". The song is also included on Murdoch's first LP album \"\"Time Without Consequence\"\". The song was featured in the movie \"\"Garden State\"\", although it was not released on the soundtrack for the film, as well as the movie \"\"Ladder 49\"\". It was also included in episodes of the television shows \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", \"\"The O.C.\"\", \"\"Prison Break\"\", \"\"House\"\", \"\"Brothers & Sisters\"\", \"\"Suburgatory\"\" and \"\"Ugly Betty\"\". \"\"Orange Sky\"\" has also been featured in commercials for the Honda Element and for Hallmark Cards. It was used again in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12016990", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (band)\"\nOrange (band) Orange is an American pop punk/punk band from Los Angeles, California. The band were first signed to Hellcat/Epitaph Records by Tim Armstrong of Rancid when they were only 16 years old and since then have toured the world with many bands such as Misfits, The Adicts, UK Subs, Rancid, Reel Big Fish, Bowling For Soup and Zebrahead and have been on several TV shows including The O.C., The Hills and their song \"\"Revolution\"\" is the theme song to Cartoon Network's show \"\"Generator Rex\"\". They have released three albums, \"\"Welcome to the World of Orange\"\", \"\"Escape from LA,\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4906323", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Juice in Bishop's Garden\"\nthey created the song, “Midinight Joyride (Concentrated)” which was used in Season 1. Season 2 saw the introduction of a new theme song, titled “Orange Juice in Bishop’s Garden (Season 2 Theme Song)”, composed by Brent Katz of the Harlem Shakes. A sing-a-long version featuring various members of the cast was used in Season 3. Season 4 brought the return of “Midinight Joyride (Concentrated)”. A truncated version was recorded live during the taping of an episode, featuring vocals by most of the cast and several extras. Another song by Brent Katz, “Polo”, was featured in the Season 1 episode “Will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8952623", "chunk_text": "\"Vicci Martinez\"\nU.K. On May 1, 2015, Martinez self-released her album, \"\"I Am Vicci Martinez\"\". In 2018, Martinez played inmate Daddy on series 6 of the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Martinez identifies as lesbian. In July 2018, it was confirmed that she is in a relationship with her \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" co-star Emily Tarver. Vicci Martinez Vicci Martinez (born September 21, 1984) is an American singer/songwriter and actress from Tacoma, Washington. She came in joint third on NBC's singing competition series \"\"The Voice\"\" in 2011. She released her 2012 album with Republic Records (Universal Music Group), but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17130527", "chunk_text": "\"Ooh La La (Faces song)\"\nAnthony Kiedis. It was played at the funeral of FBI Agent Elizabeth Keen, on the NBC series \"\"The Blacklist\"\", season 3, episode 20 \"\"The Artax Network\"\". Used as background music during the \"\"fish\"\" scene of season 1 episode 20 \"\"Young Sheldon\"\". In November 2018, the Faces version is featured in the Amazon Alexa TV commercial \"\"Dad’s Playlist\"\" for their Echo Dot. Ooh La La (Faces song) \"\"Ooh La La\"\" is a 1973 song by the band Faces, written by Ronnie Lane and Ronnie Wood. It was the title song for the band's last studio album, \"\"Ooh La La\"\". The lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5228637", "chunk_text": "\"Blinky (singer)\"\nBlinky (singer) Sondra \"\"Blinky\"\" Williams (born May 21, 1944 in Oakland, California) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter, probably best known for singing the female lead on the theme for the 1970s TV series \"\"Good Times\"\". Williams was born in Oakland, California, but later grew up in Los Angeles. The daughter of a pastor, she was active in church choirs since the age of six. Her two siblings are Diana Williams Witherspoon and Pastor Austin F. Williams. She recorded the album \"\"Hark The Voice\"\" on Atlantic Records, then moved to Motown where she recorded (as \"\"Blinky\"\") five singles including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20278260", "chunk_text": "\"Rebel Girl (song)\"\n(2007). \"\"Rebel Girl\"\" is prominently employed in the television series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" as a kind of theme song for Kate Mulgrew's character, Galina \"\"Red\"\" Reznikova. The song is also featured as part of the music videogame \"\"Rock Band 2\"\". In February 2016, political counselor John Podesta tweeted a link to an unofficial, homemade video made by a supporter of Hillary Clinton. The video used \"\"Rebel Girl\"\" as the soundtrack for a partisan overview of Clinton's record on feminism and women's rights. Although the video had not been designed for wide release, Podesta's position as chairperson of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427069", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Post\"\nand video game composers. The following singles credited to Mike Post charted on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and/or on the Adult Contemporary chart: Mike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Renegade,\"\" \"\"The Rockford Files\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"Quantum Leap\"\", \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", and \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12016991", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (band)\"\n\"\"Phoenix\"\" and an E.P, \"\"Dead Sexy\"\". Orange (band) Orange is an American pop punk/punk band from Los Angeles, California. The band were first signed to Hellcat/Epitaph Records by Tim Armstrong of Rancid when they were only 16 years old and since then have toured the world with many bands such as Misfits, The Adicts, UK Subs, Rancid, Reel Big Fish, Bowling For Soup and Zebrahead and have been on several TV shows including The O.C., The Hills and their song \"\"Revolution\"\" is the theme song to Cartoon Network's show \"\"Generator Rex\"\". They have released three albums, \"\"Welcome to the World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12344187", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Lux\"\nTeenage Witch\"\", \"\"The Good Wife\"\", \"\"Melrose Place\"\", \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", \"\"Suits\"\", and \"\"Mistresses\"\". Danny Lux Daniel Scott “Danny” Lux (born June 5, 1969) is an American composer who has contributed music for television and film productions. Film credits include \"\"\"\" and \"\"Stolen Summer\"\" (both in 2002). TV series credits include theme music for \"\"Sliders\"\", \"\"Million Dollar Mysteries\"\", \"\"Crisis Center\"\" (first Emmy nomination), \"\"Profiler\"\" (second Emmy nomination), and \"\"Boston Legal\"\". Additional series to which Lux has contributed music include \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\" (with Mark Leggett), \"\"Boston Legal\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"Karen Sisco\"\", \"\"Hack\"\", \"\"Ally McBeal\"\" (one BMI win), \"\"Boston Public\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6218741", "chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Rosie O'Neill\"\novert mention, without either melodrama or condescension. The theme song, entitled \"\"I Wish I Knew\"\", was written by Carole King and performed over the first season's credits by Melissa Manchester. Carole King made a guest appearance in a first season episode, performing an extended version of the song herself along with Gless and a few other series regulars. The second season's intro (changed to the dismay of many fans) dropped the Manchester vocals, instead using an instrumental version of the theme. The series would revert to Manchester's vocal later on in the second season, prior to the cancellation by CBS.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18803289", "chunk_text": "\"John from Cincinnati\"\nFlorence, Shane Beschen, and Herbie Fletcher. The series' theme song is \"\"Johnny Appleseed,\"\" performed by Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros. A diverse soundtrack includes \"\"Tic\"\" by Kava Kava and songs from TV on the Radio, Muse, Buddy Guy, Kasabian, and the Yardbirds. The pilot for the series was shown directly after the highly anticipated series finale of \"\"The Sopranos\"\", but it failed to sustain an audience. \"\"The Sopranos\"\" received an audience of 11.9 million people according to Nielsen ratings, but \"\"John from Cincinnati\"\" held onto only 3.4 million viewers. Subsequent episodes initially lost viewers, but ratings began to see a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18752078", "chunk_text": "B.o.B\nLaunch Trailer for the upcoming first-person-shooter \"\"Crysis 2\"\" which featured a song by B.o.B titled \"\"New York New York\"\" containing the main piano chorus from the song \"\"Theme from New York, New York\"\" commonly sung by Frank Sinatra; the artist who sang the chorus is unconfirmed. The full song later appeared on his eighth mixtape \"\"E.P.I.C. (Every Play Is Crucial)\"\", which revealed that the song was produced by Mike Caren. In early 2011, Odd Future's Tyler, the Creator released a song titled \"\"Yonkers\"\". In the song Tyler raps \"\"(What you think of Hayley Williams?) Fuck her, Wolf Haley robbing 'em", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7563303", "chunk_text": "\"Jessica Pimentel\"\nJessica Pimentel Jessica Pimentel (born September 20, 1982) is an American actress and musician. She is best known for her role as Maria Ruiz on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black.\"\" She is also the lead singer of the heavy metal band Alekhine's Gun and backing vocalist in the band Brujeria. Pimentel was born in Brooklyn, New York. Both of her parents, originally from La Romana, Dominican Republic, immigrated to New York as teenagers. Pimentel was the couple's only child. Her parents divorced when she was six years old, after which she became estranged from her father.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11504525", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (song)\"\nOrange (song) \"\"Orange\"\" is a song performed by Irish comedian David O'Doherty. It was released on CD in February 2007 as part of his attempts to have a \"\"Minor\"\" hit single, preferably at #27 in the charts. The exploits of O'Doherty trying to have this \"\"hit\"\" was featured in an episode of his TV series, \"\"The Modest Adventures of David O'Doherty\"\". The song was written and recorded by David O'Doherty, and was recorded onto standard CD-R discs using his own laptop to do so. His phone number was written on the back of the single's (also homemade) artwork so that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11080490", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Oye\"\nstudio setup, Oye has had his music placed in shows such as \"\"Lost\"\", \"\"CSI\"\", \"\"American Horror Story\"\", \"\"The Knick\"\", \"\"Big Bang Theory\"\", \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\", and \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". Oye wrote the theme songs for the shows \"\"Tabloid\"\" and the 2012 \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" theme. An article by VIU University started with the line \"\"If you watch some of the hottest shows on TV, you have likely heard the music of Andrew Oye.\"\" Oye also has endorsements with Eve Audio, Presonus, and Whitfield, and Godin Guitars. Andrew Oye Andrew Oye (born May 10, 1974) is a Canadian composer from British Columbia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18024968", "chunk_text": "\"Blinky (singer)\"\nin Indio, California from October 30, 2009 through November 1, 2009. Blinky (singer) Sondra \"\"Blinky\"\" Williams (born May 21, 1944 in Oakland, California) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter, probably best known for singing the female lead on the theme for the 1970s TV series \"\"Good Times\"\". Williams was born in Oakland, California, but later grew up in Los Angeles. The daughter of a pastor, she was active in church choirs since the age of six. Her two siblings are Diana Williams Witherspoon and Pastor Austin F. Williams. She recorded the album \"\"Hark The Voice\"\" on Atlantic Records, then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20917380", "chunk_text": "\"Code Orange (band)\"\nthe band. In August 2017, \"\"Bleeding in the Blur\"\" was announced as one of the official theme songs for NXT's \"\"\"\" event. At the event, held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, Code Orange were the first band to ever play live at an NXT show. They opened the event with a performance of \"\"Bleeding in the Blur,\"\" before later performing a live version of Aleister Black's entrance music, \"\"Root of All Evil,\"\" with Incendiary vocalist Brendan Garrone; who appears on the original version of the song. The band played Black to the ring for his match with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12344186", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Lux\"\nDanny Lux Daniel Scott “Danny” Lux (born June 5, 1969) is an American composer who has contributed music for television and film productions. Film credits include \"\"\"\" and \"\"Stolen Summer\"\" (both in 2002). TV series credits include theme music for \"\"Sliders\"\", \"\"Million Dollar Mysteries\"\", \"\"Crisis Center\"\" (first Emmy nomination), \"\"Profiler\"\" (second Emmy nomination), and \"\"Boston Legal\"\". Additional series to which Lux has contributed music include \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\" (with Mark Leggett), \"\"Boston Legal\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"Karen Sisco\"\", \"\"Hack\"\", \"\"Ally McBeal\"\" (one BMI win), \"\"Boston Public\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" (two BMI wins, both shared with Mike Post), \"\"John Doe\"\", \"\"Sabrina, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15461157", "chunk_text": "\"Regina Spektor\"\nNetflix Original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", which premiered in July 2013. It was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. Spektor announced her seventh album, \"\"Remember Us to Life\"\" on July 21, 2016 through her email newsletter. The album was released on September 30, 2016. The first single, \"\"Bleeding Heart\"\", was released July 22, 2016. The follow-up single, \"\"Small Bill$\"\", was released August 11, 2016. Regina Spektor performed George Harrison's \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", released August 5, 2016, for the film \"\"Kubo and the Two Strings\"\". In 2016,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4145621", "chunk_text": "\"Original Song\"\nby Britney Spears and Kelly Clarkson, Anders felt it was appropriate to have his involvement. According to the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers database, co-writers on the song include Anders, Peer Åström, Savan Kotecha, and Johan Schuster. \"\"Get It Right\"\" is a ballad composed specifically for Michele by Anders, his writing partner, and his wife. \"\"Hell to the No\"\" was sung solo by Mercedes. It was titled for the character's signature catchphrase and was co-written by Anders, Astrom, and executive producer Ian Brennan. The episode also features cover versions of Pink's \"\"Raise Your Glass\"\", Maroon 5's \"\"Misery\"\", The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10117191", "chunk_text": "\"Born Gangstaz\"\n\"\"Deeper,\"\" \"\"Recipe of a Hoe,\"\" and \"\"Progress of Elimination,\"\" the first of the two both topping the Hot Rap Singles chart. Executive producers: Russell Simmons, Courtney Branch, Tracy Kendrick, Greg Jessie, Tracey Waples Number 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The song \"\"I Don't Give A Fuck\"\" featured as the Closing Credits song of the episode \"\"Lesbian Request Denied\"\" from Season 1 of the Netflix TV show \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Born Gangstaz Born Gangstaz is the debut album released by gangsta emcee Boss, released on May 25, 1993, on Def Jam Recordings' West Coast-based sub-label", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8000388", "chunk_text": "\"Low (band)\"\nParties festival in March 2012 in Minehead, England. In November 2013, their song \"\"Blue Christmas\"\" featured as part of the soundtrack to season 4, episode 7 (\"\"Chapter 28\"\") of HBO's \"\"Eastbound & Down\"\". In June 2017, the song \"\"Especially Me\"\" featured in season 5, episode 8 (\"\"Tied to the Tracks\"\") of Netflix's Orange is The New Black. Sparhawk and Parker are married, have two children, and are practicing members of the Mormon faith. (Sparhawk was born into an LDS family in Seattle, and for some time lived in Utah before moving to Minnesota at age nine; he also briefly attended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2485605", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Sentina\"\n(ex-Megadeth) and Gus G (Ozzy Osbourne). In February 2015, Sentina was a part of Converse's Rubber Tracks Sample Library, recording several hours worth of loops available for free use by musicians globally. Later on in 2015, Esquire Magazine named Sentina \"\"A Badass Musician We Love on Instagram.\"\" In November 2015, Sentina's cover of \"\"Seinfeld Theme Song\"\" was posted by the online version of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\". Sentina is currently involved in projects with \"\"America's Got Talent\"\" finalists Emil and Dariel and Candlebox's Kevin Martin. Anna Sentina Anna Sentina (born September 16, 1994) is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, best known for her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1462910", "chunk_text": "\"The Music of Ooo\"\nsong, which plays over a montage of Finn and Jake looking for a new home, was sung by Ward and Olivia Olson and features lyrics written by Ward and music by Patrick McHale. When it came time to record for the show, Ward recorded both a \"\"high intensity\"\" version of the song and a more subdued variant. However, Ward was dissatisfied with his version, and urged the crew to use McHale's recording in the final episode. Derek Drymon, a producer on the first season, however, urged Ward to use his own. In a 2016 Tumblr post, McHale explained: When I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18291837", "chunk_text": "\"This Life (song)\"\nThis Life (song) \"\"This Life\"\" is the theme song for the FX television series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", written by singer-songwriter Curtis Stigers, Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner, producer Bob Thiele Jr. and show creator Kurt Sutter while it was performed by Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers. Musician Dave Kushner, of Velvet Revolver, began collaborating with friend and producer Bob Thiele Jr. on the main theme song and end credit theme for the FX television series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\". Kushner originally wrote the riff with Shooter Jennings in mind before using it for the theme. Thiele then contacted Curtis Stigers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20969378", "chunk_text": "\"Kari Kimmel\"\nNissan, and the popular video game \"\"The Sims\"\". Her track \"\"Let's Light It Up\"\" was used by WWE wrestler AJ Lee as her entrance theme. She has composed 18 theme songs for multiple television series, including \"\"Where You Belong\"\" for family drama series \"\"The Fosters\"\", and has performed tracks in the films Pitch Perfect, Pitch Perfect 2, Dreamgirls, Danny Collins, Descendants, Descendants 2, Teen Beach Movie, Teen Beach Movie 2, and Footloose. Her music video for the track \"\"Low\"\" was used to promote the television series \"\"Private Practice\"\" and her music video for the track \"\"Trouble\"\" aired on Oxygen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848916", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nOrange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\"\"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17039328", "chunk_text": "\"The Music of Ooo\"\nlyrics were written by Cole Sanchez and Sugar, whereas its music was written solely by Sugar. Seven songs were selected from the show's fifth season, including: \"\"Bad Little Boy\"\", \"\"Good Little Girl\"\", \"\"I Just Can't Get Over You\"\", \"\"Have You Ever Had a Friend\"\", \"\"Lemonhope's Got Feet\"\", \"\"Lemonhope's Song\"\", and \"\"Rap Bear & Finn's Rap\"\". Eleven songs were selected from the show's sixth season, making it the most-represented season on the record. These songs include: \"\"A Kingdom from a Spark\"\", \"\"Baby's Building a Tower into Space\"\", \"\"Everything's Falling into Place\"\", \"\"Food Chain Song\"\", \"\"Little Brothers\"\", \"\"Lost in the Darkness\"\", \"\"Money\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2116150", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Watson (musician)\"\nsingle of the Nigerian hip hop artist MI ABAGA, titled \"\"Ashes\"\" in memory of four students who were killed in an unprovoked attack that same year. The song \"\"that home\"\" also appeared in the American series \"\"Suits\"\", season 2 ep. 5. The song \"\"Lighthouse\"\" is featured in the IKEA advert in the UK. \"\"To Build a Home\"\" was featured in the 2016 video game \"\"Steep\"\". In 2017, the song \"\"To Build a Home\"\" was featured in the season 5 finale of the hit Netflix original series \"\"Orange is the New Black\"\". The song \"\"To Build a Home\"\" was also featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1082197", "chunk_text": "\"Lazlo Bane\"\nsong, \"\"Superman\"\", because of its use in the hit TV comedy series \"\"Scrubs\"\". Series star Zach Braff (who has selective input on songs chosen for the show's soundtrack) was immediately struck by the song, and wanted to use it as the recurring theme song. The band initially was reluctant and declined Braff's request. After a short while, they changed their minds, and Braff and Fischer worked out an arrangement. In 2005 Chad Fischer composed the score for the film \"\"Little Manhattan\"\". It featured a new song by Lazlo Bane, \"\"Sleepless In Brooklyn\"\", as well as several songs by Chad Fischer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1227280", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Portnoy\"\nthe \"\"Cheers\"\" theme song. Gary Portnoy Gary Portnoy (born June 8, 1956) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is best known for co-writing and performing the main theme song of the NBC sitcom \"\"Cheers\"\", \"\"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\"\". In the early 1980s, Gary Portnoy and Judy Hart Angelo set out to write a theme for \"\"Cheers\"\". After their first two attempts were rejected, \"\"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\"\" was selected. Prior to that, Portnoy's songs had been recorded by various artists, including Dolly Parton's \"\"Say Goodnight\"\" (co-written by Susan Sheridan) and Air Supply's \"\"I'll Never Get Enough of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14646994", "chunk_text": "Tune-Yards\nsong \"\"Fiya\"\" is featured on a 2010 commercial for the Blackberry Torch, while the song \"\"Gangsta\"\" has been used in the television shows \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", \"\"Weeds\"\" and \"\"The Good Wife\"\" and the song \"\"Bizness\"\" was used in Season 3 of \"\"Transparent\"\". Garbus started recording material for her third LP during the latter half of 2013, with a working title of \"\"Sink-o\"\". A May 6, 2014 release date was later announced with the title \"\"Nikki Nack\"\". The album spawned three singles, including \"\"Water Fountain\"\", which was featured in the soundtrack for EA Sports video game FIFA 15 as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372061", "chunk_text": "\"One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)\"\non important issues that face the Hispanic community and families in general. It has dealt with topics such as veterans' struggles with PTSD, depression, and anxiety, as well as sexuality, gender identity, sexism, and religion, amongst others. The theme song for the original \"\"One Day at a Time\"\" series, “This is It\"\", was re-recorded for the newer version of the series, with a new arrangement by Emilio Estefan featuring Cuban instrumentation and lead vocals by Gloria Estefan. The song was composed by husband-and-wife songwriters Jeff Barry and Nancy Barry. Recording artist Polly Cutter sang the original version of the theme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16501626", "chunk_text": "\"Bob James (musician)\"\nBob James (musician) Robert McElhiney James (born December 25, 1939) is an American Grammy Award-winning jazz keyboardist, arranger, and record producer. He founded the band Fourplay and wrote \"\"Angela,\"\" the theme song for the TV show \"\"Taxi. \"\"He is most famous for standards such as \"\"Nautilus\"\", \"\"Westchester Lady\"\", \"\"Heads\"\", \"\"Night Crawler\"\", \"\"Touchdown\"\", \"\"Blue Lick\"\", \"\"Sign Of the Times\"\", \"\"Spunky\"\", \"\"Marco Polo\"\", \"\"Courtship\"\" and \"\"Just One Thing\"\". Music from his first seven albums has often been sampled and has contributed to the formation of hip hop. Robert McElhiney James was born on Christmas Day 1939 in Marshall, Missouri to Albert Lamkin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5290495", "chunk_text": "\"Somos familia\"\nthe correction of the closing credits. As the problem continued, Argentores sent two more legal documents on February 6. The theme song, \"\"\"\"Somos familia\"\"\"\", was composed by Argentine artist Thian, who writes theme songs for TV programs, and performed by Spanish artist Álex Ubago. The song was produced in Spain in June 2013 by Rubén Caballero. The song also features Ricardo Urbina on drums, Joseba San Sebastián on bass, Rubén Caballero on guitar, Txus Aranburu on keyboard, and Laura Latienda in the chorus. The program was first aired during Ubago's 2014 tour in Argentina. The program, which had been awaited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8666787", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Gilstrap\"\nJim Gilstrap James Earl Gilstrap (born November 10, 1946) is an American singer best known for his work as a session musician and his 1975 solo hit single \"\"Swing Your Daddy\"\", as well as singing co-lead to the theme from the TV series \"\"Good Times\"\". Gilstrap was born November 10, 1946 in Pittsburg,Texas to Jodie and Pearlie Mae (Tolbert) Gilstrap. He joined the navy reserves. He began his career in the music industry when he returned from serving in the Vietnam War. Early groups he worked with include the Doodletown Pipers and The Cultures. In the early 1970s, Gilstrap was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5906087", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Hark\"\nTom Hark \"\"Tom Hark\"\" was first featured as the theme tune to the television series , and featured the ocarina, rather than a penny whistle, It is an instrumental kwela song written by Rupert Bopape (1925–2012), a South African musician, singer, and songwriter. The song was arranged for penny whistle and first recorded by Elias and His Zig-Zag Jive Flutes—a South African band led by pennywhistler \"\"Big Voice Jack\"\" Lerole—and released in 1958. It entered the UK charts at number 30 on 25 April 1958; on 24 May it reached number 2, and held that position for four weeks. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18822638", "chunk_text": "\"Duane Chapman\"\n2012. The theme song was performed by Ozzy Osbourne On September 25, 2012, CMT announced it had ordered a new reality series which would begin airing in April 2013. The new series, titled \"\"\"\", featured Chapman, his wife Beth, and Chapman's son Leland visiting failing bail bond agencies across the country, giving them advice on how to turn their businesses around, and assisting in the capture of their most wanted fugitives. The show's pilot episode featured Chapman and his son Leland working together for the first time since the son left the previous show in 2012. Chapman released his autobiography,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427065", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Post\"\nMike Post Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil, September 29, 1944) is an American multi Grammy and Emmy-winning composer, best known for his TV theme songs for such series as \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Renegade,\"\" \"\"The Rockford Files\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"Quantum Leap\"\", \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\", and \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\". Post's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters, Terry and Carol Fischer. With Sally Gordon, they went on to become The Murmaids. Their first single, \"\"Popsicles and Icicles\"\" (written by David Gates), was a #3 hit song in January 1964. Post also provided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1227277", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Portnoy\"\nGary Portnoy Gary Portnoy (born June 8, 1956) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is best known for co-writing and performing the main theme song of the NBC sitcom \"\"Cheers\"\", \"\"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\"\". In the early 1980s, Gary Portnoy and Judy Hart Angelo set out to write a theme for \"\"Cheers\"\". After their first two attempts were rejected, \"\"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\"\" was selected. Prior to that, Portnoy's songs had been recorded by various artists, including Dolly Parton's \"\"Say Goodnight\"\" (co-written by Susan Sheridan) and Air Supply's \"\"I'll Never Get Enough of You\"\" (co-written by Jeanne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20969375", "chunk_text": "\"Kari Kimmel\"\nKari Kimmel Kari Meredyth Kimmel is an American singer, songwriter, composer, and producer. She is best known for the theme track \"\"It's Not Just Make Believe\"\" for \"\"Ella Enchanted,\"\" the theme track \"\"Black\"\" for \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" trailer, and the theme track \"\"Where You Belong\"\" for \"\"The Fosters\"\". Her music ranges across the genres of pop, rock, folk, and R&B. Kimmel was born and raised in Boca Raton, Florida. She first sang in public at the age of two, began playing the piano at age six, and later wrote her first song at 13 years old. She also plays the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1668489", "chunk_text": "\"Alfreda Gerald\"\nAlfreda Gerald Alfreda Gerald is an American vocalist born in Morganton, North Carolina. Upon graduating from college, Gerald sang professional opera with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, and the North Carolina Symphony Orchestra. She has both a classical and R&B background and has toured and/or recorded with such artists as Warren Haynes, Wes King, Spectrum, The Gap Band, Deleon Richards, Michelle Malone, and Taliesin Orchestra. Alfreda is known for her powerful vocals & incredible stage performances. She's heard as the woman singing nonsensical lyrics to the theme song of the 1994 cult classic Cartoon Network/Adult Swim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10632225", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Greenwald\"\nAlex Greenwald Alexander Greenwald (October 9, 1979) is an American musician, actor, and record producer. He is best known as the lead singer of the California rock band Phantom Planet. Greenwald was born in Los Angeles, California, to a family of Jewish descent. In 1994, Greenwald formed Phantom Planet in his teens with four friends – guitarist Darren Robinson, bassist Sam Farrar, guitarist Jacques Brautbar, and drummer Jason Schwartzman. The band is best known for producing the song \"\"California\"\", which was used as the theme song of the teen drama \"\"The O.C.\"\", which lasted four seasons. Phantom Planet announced their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_155	when did the the regulatory reform (fire safety) order 2005 first come into effect?	n/a	[ "1 October 2006" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10879078", "chunk_text": "\"Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005\"\nRegulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as \"\"The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541\"\") is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006. Guidance for Businesses and Organisation is available in the form of 16 Government Published documents, with general guidance, a 5-Step Checklist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10879079", "chunk_text": "\"Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005\"\nand 12 documents pertaining specifically to a particular type of business premises. It does not normally apply to domestic premises. The guides available are Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as \"\"The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541\"\") is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6577777", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nfire safety legislation. In order to revamp the whole thing and bringing it up to date, they decided to place all the odd bits of fire legislation under the umbrella of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, which became law in October 2006. It applies to England and Wales only. The major change in the legislation was that it brought in the concept of risk assessment rather than prescriptive codes. The Fire Precautions Act had relied on codes and guides for its implementation, and the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations had changed that a little by introducing risk assessment as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10883264", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nand issued in 2006. See Approved Document - Part B - Fire Safety Vol 1 & 2 (available to download free from the UK Government's \"\"Planning Portal\"\" website). A major simplification and enlargement of the scope of the English and Welsh fire safety laws was implemented by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RR (FS)O 2005, in force 1 October 2006). The new Fire Safety Order again amended and extended the scope of fire safety provision within the Building Regulations 2000. Building Regulation (Reg.16B) now require a developer or architect to hand over sufficient fire safety information to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5101533", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nin that time could result in prosecution. The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/1877) were a result of European Communities Act 1972. They brought the UK legislation up to a standard that met the fire safety requirements of two health and safety European Directives, 89/391/EEC and 89/654/EEC, adopted in 1989. The amendments were laid before Parliament on 7 July 1999 and became law on 1 December 1999. Unfortunately, they did not revoke sections 5 to 9 of the Fire Precautions Act, which required fire certificates; consequently, the legislation now ran in parallel with the Workplace Regulations but secondary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001219", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\non 16 June 2010, upheld a Crown Court's fine of £400,000 (with additional legal costs of £150,000) against New look Retailers Ltd. Following a major fire in the New Look Oxford Street shop, whilst no one was hurt, the building was lost and Oxford Street was closed for two days. The equivalent legislation in Scotland to the Regulatory Reform Order is the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005. Its scope (in Scotland) covers what the RRO and the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 covers in England and Wales. Part 3 of the act deals specifically with fire safety. In October 2006,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19267791", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nrevised issues of the building regulations documents, existing buildings were not required to adopt these new minimum standards unless they were being altered or extended. Thus \"\"as originally built\"\" buildings were exempt from the new rules from 1974 until the advent of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. This order requires adequate and sufficient general fire precautions suitable for the current users and use, of any given building, to be provided by the responsible person for each building. This did lead to a rather unsatisfactory mishmash of fire safety in the English and Welsh building stock. The Fire Safety", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4838807", "chunk_text": "\"Fire (Scotland) Act 2005\"\nfor this Act was passed on 23 February 2005 and received Royal Assent on 1 April 2005 Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament made to \"\"make provision about fire and rescue authorities and joint fire and rescue boards; to restate and amend the law in relation to fire services; to make provision in relation to the functions of such authorities and boards in connection with certain events and situations other than fires; to make provision for implementing in part Council Directives 89/391/EEC, 89/654/EEC, 91/383/EEC, 94/33/EC, 98/24/EC and 99/92/EC; to make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16897847", "chunk_text": "\"Fire authority\"\nis brought in the name of the fire authority, under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. The Fire Service's powers of entry and other operational roles are defined by the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 There are many specific acts of parliament which deal with fire safety, inspection and enforcement; in October 2006 (later than anticipated), many outdated acts were repealed, and placed under the umbrella of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Fire authority In England and Wales a fire authority or fire and rescue authority is a statutory body made up of a committee of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12756886", "chunk_text": "\"Regulatory Reform Act 2001\"\nof Parliament. However, they are not debated on the floor of either chamber, unlike a Bill. The Act provided for four Deregulation Orders that were moving through the approval process to be completed. Between enactment in April 2001 and July 2005, the Act was used to pass 27 Regulatory Reform Orders. For example, to make orders to remove restrictions on business tenancies; to liberalise rules on gaming machines; to extend licensing hours for New Year's Eve 2001; and, for the Queen's Golden Jubilee, to remove the 20-partner limit on partnerships, and to rationalise legislation on fire safety. The Act has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14186341", "chunk_text": "\"Building regulations in the United Kingdom\"\nlegislation is very similar and only slightly different in practical effect. The Fire Safety Order 2005 is criminal law, and breaches of this law can result in the \"\"Responsible Person\"\" being jailed for up to two years and fined up to £10,000 for each offence. Corporate offences may have unlimited fines. Enforcement is by the local fire authority. It may be necessary to exceed the recommendations of the guidance supporting Part B of Schedule 1 to Building Regulations, in order to achieve a suitable and sufficient level of fire safety required under the Fire Safety Order 2005. Building regulations are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704954", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nthe court. One major issue with the Act was that fire certification was only ever applied to the designated premises. Places of public entertainment such as cinemas, theatres and nightclubs were never designated so the powers of inspection and enforcement remained with the local authority licensing department. In many areas, the fire brigade carried out the inspections on behalf of the licensing department, but had no powers other than those granted by Section 10 - Prohibition Notice. The Fire Precautions Act 1971 and its \"\"Fire Certificates\"\" were totally repealed and replaced by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372021", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nAct and the Cinemas Act, which contained within them, their own fire regulations. Most of these acts have now been amended or repealed and their fire precautions now fall under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2006 or Licensing Act 2003. The Licensing Act 2003 introduced a requirement for licences to sell or supply alcohol, provide regulated entertainment or provide late night refreshment with the licence holder serving notice of application directly upon the fire and rescue authority. This amended or repealed much of the old licensing legislation, including Theatres Act 1968, Cinemas Act 1985, Gaming Acts 1968 & 1990", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11352306", "chunk_text": "\"Fire (Scotland) Act 2005\"\nFire (Scotland) Act 2005 The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament made to \"\"make provision about fire and rescue authorities and joint fire and rescue boards; to restate and amend the law in relation to fire services; to make provision in relation to the functions of such authorities and boards in connection with certain events and situations other than fires; to make provision for implementing in part Council Directives 89/391/EEC, 89/654/EEC, 91/383/EEC, 94/33/EC, 98/24/EC and 99/92/EC; to make other provision in relation to fire safety in certain premises; and for connected purposes. \"\" The Bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704955", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\ncame into full force on 1 October 2006 (in England and Wales). The Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises) Regulations 1976, gave some updates to the FPA and cleared several points about self-employed workers, the numbers of hours worked (part-time workers) and how aggregation of these could be used to bring some \"\"grey\"\" premises into the scope of requiring a fire certificate. It also brought in exemptions from the requirement to have a fire certificate in certain small premises. Following several small fires in chemical plants and a major explosion and fire at the Nypro plant in Flixborough", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12756884", "chunk_text": "\"Regulatory Reform Act 2001\"\nRegulatory Reform Act 2001 The Regulatory Reform Act 2001 (c.6) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It replaced the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994. It removed some of the constraints on Deregulation Orders under the 1994 Act, by providing wider powers for government ministers to make a Regulatory Reform Order by statutory instrument. The Act was introduced to the House of Lords on 7 December 2000, and passed to the House of Commons on 19 March 2001. It passed its Report Stage and Third Reading on 4 April 2001. Under the 2001 Act, a government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001220", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nthe Fire Safety (Scotland) Regulations 2006 SI 456 also came into effect. Legislation in Scotland relating to fire and rescue services and fire safety comes under the auspices of the Scottish Government. In Northern Ireland, the equivalent legislation is the Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 SI No 1254 (NI9) (it is a statutory instrument). History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom The history of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom formally covers the period from the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 but is founded in the history", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2103096", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nstores and warehouses. The Act brought into being the first legislation that dealt with human life and escape, rather than just building safety. The Act stated that London boroughs were to appoint surveyors and \"\"every parish should provide three or more proper ladders of one, two and three storeys high, for assisting persons in houses on fire to escape therefrom\"\". Under the Explosives Act, many fire brigades took on the responsibility for the safe storage of explosives. The Explosives Act was partly repealed when the Manufacture and Storage of Explosives Regulations 2005 (SI 2005 No. 1082) was brought into being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001211", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nfor the purposes that that building is being currently put to. The current use of an old building by today's occupiers and users has to be taken into account, in arriving at the appropriate general fire precautions. Thus, both proportionate and appropriate remedial \"\"fire safety\"\" works may be necessary to discharge the responsible person's legal duty, to control or reduce the risk to life from fire in a building. (Womack & Bone LLP) The Fire Safety Order 2005 applies to most buildings and sites, except for private dwellings, though the FSO does apply to communal areas/escape routes serving dwellings. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001218", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nbreach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, on individuals. Crown Courts may impose Unlimited fines on any company, breaching the requirements and legal duties imposed by the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fines of £300,000 to £400,000 have already been imposed on two major companies for their corporate fire safety failings under the RR (FS) O 2005. In addition to these fines, the legal costs of bringing the successful prosecution may also be recovered from the convicted 'fire criminal'. Every \"\"real\"\" fire is now followed up by the local fire authority's fire safety inspectors. The English Court of Appeal,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7506069", "chunk_text": "\"Garnock Court fire\"\nwas owned by North Ayrshire Council, who ordered the precautionary removal of plastic cladding and PVC window frames. There was a Scottish select committee review that reported in January 2000, and this led to the Building (Scotland) Act 2003, which introduced the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004 which came into force on 1 May 2005. This act includes this mandatory regulation: Every building must be designed and constructed in such a way that in the event of an outbreak of fire within the building, or from an external source, the spread of fire on the external walls of the building is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001210", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nmust be provided (to protect their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near the premises): The Fire Safety Order then tells the responsible person (employer, person in control of the building, or owner) how they must assess these items in order to protect their employees and anyone else who may lawfully be on or near their premises. The Fire Safety Order 2005 now requires the responsible person for each building to carry out or commission from a competent person a Fire Risk Assessment to ensure that the general fire precautions within a particular building are fit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10045308", "chunk_text": "\"Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005\"\nno obligation to do so, and if they did not, the Act applied to them as any other space. It passed on 30 June 2005 with an 83 to 15 vote, with only the Scottish Conservatives opposing, and received Royal Assent on 5 August 2005. Since the ban came into force on 26 March 2006, it has been largely accepted by the vast majority of the Scottish public. Compliance rates have been high, and as of 14 June 2006, only one premises has been fined for permitting smoking, and that happened on the day the Act came into being. Additionally,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6441762", "chunk_text": "\"Fire services in the United Kingdom\"\nthe FiReControl project advances. Historically fire safety was a function of local authorities rather than the fire service however in 1947 the introduction of the Fire Services Act gave the Fire Brigades their first responsibilities for fire safety. The Fire Precautions Act 1971, the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 and the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 gave more powers to the service. Today, the modernisation of the UK fire service has taken into account the role that it plays in fire safety issues and that issue is high on the agenda of most fire and rescue services. Many brigades", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11364450", "chunk_text": "\"Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006\"\n3 November. The Bill received Royal Assent on 8 November 2006. This section provides that the Act came into force at the end of the period of two months that began on the date on which it was passed. The word \"\"months\"\" means calendar months. The day (that is to say, 8 November 2006) on which the Act was passed (that is to say, received royal assent) is included in the period of two months. This means that the Act came into force on 8 January 2007. Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006 The Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1913734", "chunk_text": "\"Fire safety inspector\"\nApproved Inspectors under the Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974 as \"\"Inspectors of Health and Safety\"\". The primary pieces of legislation are: Fire Authorities also receive official Authority from the Licensing Act 2003, and Fireworks Act 2003. Inspectors have powers to enter premises for the purposes of undertaking routine fire safety inspections. They can also close (prohibit) or restrict the use of unsafe buildings, issue other legal notices which enforce compliance with current fire safety legislation. Failure to comply with a notice is an ordinarily a criminal offence. Most routine inspections result in minor failings being found and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4851478", "chunk_text": "\"Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006\"\nreported with amendments on 19 July 2006, before the summer recess. Its report stage in the House of Lords took place on 26 October 2006, and it received royal assent on 8 November 2006. The first Part of the Bill, entitled \"\"Power to reform legislation\"\", permits a government minister to make Statutory Instruments to reform legislation that is perceived to be \"\"outdated, unnecessary or over-complicated\"\". A similar procedure is possible under the existing RRA, which permits a minister to make Regulatory Reform Orders (RROs). A review of the first 4 years of operation of the RRA, published by the Cabinet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14186340", "chunk_text": "\"Building regulations in the United Kingdom\"\nsee Appendix G of approved document B) to the Responsible Person, upon completion. This is to enable a competent person to carry out a fire risk assessment. Once a building is occupied the Fire Safety Order 2005 requires a Fire Risk Assessment to be carried out, to take into account how the users are actually using the building (and any fire risks that brings to the building) and the FSO2005 requires the \"\"Responsible Person(s)\"\" for the building to provide and maintain \"\"suitable and sufficient\"\" general fire precautions. (Full citation is the \"\"Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005\"\"). Scotland's Fire Safety", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6577750", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nservice, except in civil Crown premises, where Her Majesty's Inspectors of Fire Service (HMIFS) carried out the enforcement. The Fire Precautions Act 1971 came into force in 1972, when hotels and boarding houses were the first class of premises to be designated. Under the Fire Precautions (Hotels and Boarding Houses) Order 1972, Statutory Instrument (SI) 1972 /238) (and an equivalent Order for Scotland), any premises where there was sleeping accommodation for more than six persons (staff or guests), or any sleeping accommodation above the first floor or below the ground floor, required a fire certificate issued by the fire authority.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18660758", "chunk_text": "\"Fire and Blast Information Group\"\nin the event of an explosion and fire on an offshore platform, and triggered changes that have shaped the current offshore regulatory and operating environment. Following the recommendations of the public inquiry led by Lord Cullen which followed Piper Alpha, the Offshore Safety Division (OSD) was created in April 1991 within the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to take responsibility for safety of the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS), and the Safety Case Regulations 1992 (SCR 92) came into force on 30 November 1993. The SCR 92 have been the key instrument of new the goal setting regime for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001216", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nthe local housing authority. \"\"Beds in sheds\"\" - English fire authorities have recently started to prosecute owners and operators of illegally built or converted \"\"dwellings\"\" in non-habitable buildings, such as 'domestic garages in gardens' and disused offices, public houses, factories, under the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fire authorities in England and Wales are legally required to publish the (responsible person's) name and the premises address, for which they have issued an enforcement notice, an alterations notice, or a prohibition notice, under the powers given to them by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Many fire authorities have put these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6084262", "chunk_text": "\"Fire Research and Safety Act of 1968\"\nFire Research and Safety Act of 1968 Fire Research and Safety Act of 1968 was a declaration for a panoptic fire research and safety program advocated by President Lyndon Johnson on February 16, 1967. The Act of Congress established a National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control while encompassing more effective measures for fire hazards protection with the potentiality of death, injury, and damage to property. The U.S. statute petitioned a nationwide collection of comprehensive fire data with emphasis on a United States fire research program, fire safety education and training programs, demonstrations of new approaches and improvements in fire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13803987", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nAct 1961 was almost immediately amended to update the requirements for safety in case of fire. In June 1960, a fire broke out in the William Henderson & Sons, Liverpool department store. Ten people were trapped in the fourth floor and one man fell to his death whilst assisting others to safety from a window ledge. This fire prompted the Government to amend the Office Shops and Railway Premises Act (OSRA) in line with the Factories Act 1961 and in 1963 a new OSRA was introduced On Boxing Day 1969, a fire at the Rose and Crown Hotel, Saffron Walden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704973", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nany of these hazards where it is a \"\"Cat 1\"\" risk to the dwellings occupier(s). EHOs can enforce non-action and carry out remedial works, and recharge the dwelling with the costs. Owners of dwellings can also be prosecuted for any of the 23 defined hazards. \"\"Fire safety\"\" is one of the defined hazards. EHOs may use their powers on single-family dwellings independently from the fire authority's powers under the Fire Safety order 2005, to require adequate and sufficient fire safety measures in existing dwellings. This carries on the long British legal tradition, which started with the Housing Act of 1875,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4321394", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nthat owners and/or occupiers may not put anyone in danger by their actions or inactions, and must act to protect their neighbours. If they fail to so, the local council's EHOs have a duty to consider taking appropriate legal action to protect the community at large. (Womack and Bone LLP) In 2000, the Government in the form of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (OPDM) set up a review of the fire safety legislation led by the Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott MP and found that there were some 80 Acts of Parliament or parts of Acts which specified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5830757", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nthese criminal offenses will be taken by the local fire authority. Crown Courts may imprison the responsible person for up to two years for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, and/or impose fines of up to £10,000 for each breach of any of the Fire Safety Order's articles, on individuals. Crown Courts may impose unlimited fines on any company, breaching the requirements and legal duties imposed by the Fire Safety Order 2005. Fines of £300,000 to £400,000 have already been imposed on two major companies for their corporate fire safety failings under the RR (FS) O", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16783156", "chunk_text": "\"Fire services in the United Kingdom\"\ntaken to prevent fires and death or injury by fire not only by the enforcement of specific fire safety legislation, but also by a proactive strategy targeted at all sections of the community. Fires and fire fatalities have dropped significantly in the UK over the past ten years as seen in the graphs to the right. Information about each fire incident is collected by each FRS to DCLG standards. The reporting standards include the following parameters: Northern Ireland has had a single statutory fire service since 1950. Scotland has also had a single statutory fire service since 1 April 2013,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12142617", "chunk_text": "\"Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001\"\nnation\"\" (just one interpretation of the War on Terror) which allowed it to do this. The Special Immigration Appeals Commission was to oversee the process. The derogation order came into force on 13 November 2001, and was repealed on 8 April 2005. Between those dates the government claimed that there existed in the United Kingdom a state of public emergency threatening the life of the nation, within the meaning of Article 15(1) of the ECHR. This part was renewed by Parliament on 3 March 2003 without a vote, and on 3 March 2004 with a vote. Between 2001 and 2003", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704957", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nalso applied to temporary buildings associated with construction work. Fire certificates were required for some of these buildings, and there were some fire safety obligations generally imposed in respect of those temporary buildings, which did not require a fire certificate. In England and Wales, the powers to make building regulations were consolidated and re-enacted in 1984. All building regulations made by the Secretary of State since then have included minimum fire safety measures (for both physical fire resistance and safe means of escape) for all new, extended or altered buildings. The current building regulation's fire safety documents were last revised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5830755", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nfire authority is the principal enforcing authority. However, there are other enforcing authorities - the Health and Safety Executive for most construction sites and on ships under construction, the Defence Fire and Rescue Service for defence premises, the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) for nuclear sites, and the local authority for sports grounds. The ongoing audit and 'enforcement' of both the required \"\"Fire Risk Assessments\"\" and the necessary 'General Fire Precautions' in any premise subject to the Fire Safety Order 2005, are the legal duty on the local fire authority. Fire authorities should follow up on their audit and inspection", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "537499", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nforce in the Irish Free State after its independence in that year. At the time of the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801, England, Scotland, and Great Britain had some legislation already in place dealing with the issues of fire safety. As a result of the Great Fire of London, which started on 2 September 1666, it was soon clear that the wooden construction of London's buildings had added greatly to the spread of the fire. As a result, King Charles II issued a proclamation saying that all buildings were to be built out of stone and roads were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4321352", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nOrder 2005 now requires the responsible person for each building to carry out or commission from a competent person a fire risk assessment to ensure that the general fire precautions within a particular building are fit for the purposes that that building is being currently put to. The current use of an old building by today's occupiers and users has to be taken into account, in arriving at the appropriate general fire precautions. Thus both proportionate and appropriate remedial \"\"fire safety\"\" works may be necessary to discharge the responsible persons legal duty, to control or reduce the risk to life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5829201", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nkilled eleven people whilst seventeen were rescued. The fire prompted the Government to look at the whole structure of fire safety legislation and in 1971, the Fire Precautions Act was passed into law. This act combined the fire sections of the Factories Act and the Office Shops and Railway Premises Act and brought in new premises like hotels. This was an open designating act, and it contained a wide list of premises types from which the Secretary of State could select specific premises types to be covered by statutory instrument. The responsibility for enforcing the Act fell on the fire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399568", "chunk_text": "\"Regulatory Reform Act 2001\"\nbeen largely replaced Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006. The Act expands the range of ministerial order-making powers, allowing orders to be made in a wider range of circumstances, more quickly and efficiently, with less consultation and scrutiny. Regulatory Reform Act 2001 The Regulatory Reform Act 2001 (c.6) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It replaced the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994. It removed some of the constraints on Deregulation Orders under the 1994 Act, by providing wider powers for government ministers to make a Regulatory Reform Order by statutory instrument. The Act was introduced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18244821", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\npowers to the local building control authority and fire authority. These powers included the power to charge for the issue of a fire certificate. These precautions followed a serious fire at the King's Cross Underground Station on 18 November 1987, which resulted in the loss of 31 lives, including Station Officer Colin Townsley of the London Fire Brigade. The Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations) Regulations 1989 (SI 1989/1401) were made under Section 12 of the Fire Precautions Act 1971 and were brought into effect on 18 September 1989. In the early 1990s, the government was required to implement several European", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10618946", "chunk_text": "\"Powers of the fire service in the United Kingdom\"\nRescue Services Act 2004 but also Article 27 of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, the Health & Safety at Work Act etc 1974, Fireworks Act 2003, and the Licensing Act 2003 including other pieces of legislation. Upon the granting of a warrant from a Magistrate, Fire Inspectors may use force to make entry into a premises for the purposes of securing evidence, investigating the commission of an offence or to make an inspection. Usually this is done with the Police in attendance. Any persons suspected of committing an offence are ordinarily placed under caution and invited for an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2103100", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nprovisions for means of escape in case of fire. Thus the first building regulations (for England and Wales) to require general fire precautions for the safe means of escape in case of fire were made in 1974. In practice, these \"\"m-o-e\"\" building regulations drew in large part upon the design guidance and recommendations of the then rather oddly titled \"\"CP3 Chapter 4 \"\"Code of Practice for Means of Escape in Buildings\"\", issued by the BSI (British Standards Institute) in 1971. Building regulations (England and Wales) were not retrospective in their effect. Therefore, when minimum fire safety measures were improved in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372024", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\nthe Celluloid and Cinematograph Films Act 1922 and the Cinematograph Act 1952 gave the fire brigade powers to take samples of film and test them for flammability even though they were not the enforcing authority. Other licensing legislation such as the licensing of underground car parks by means of a local act such as the Greater Manchester Act applied where local acts existed so one authority licensed and the next one did not. There were also arguments about definitions of shops etc., further confusing the issues. The Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 (England and Wales - see below) laid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704956", "chunk_text": "\"History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom\"\non 1 June 1974, the Government decided to require fire certificates for major chemical and other risks and to give enforcement to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). It issued the Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976 (SI 1976/2003), enforced by the HSE on a similar line to the Fire Precautions Act 1971. These regulations were brought in to require premises having over a threshold quantity or using certain named hazardous substances to possess a fire certificate. The regulations applied to whole sites rather than the single premise or building approach used in the Fire Precautions Act 1971. These regulations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2236797", "chunk_text": "\"Fire safe cigarette\"\ntax-stamped by wholesalers and retailers in the state prior to the effective date of the state’s FSC law. The laws require cigarettes to exhibit a greater likelihood of self-extinguishing using the E2187 test from ASTM International. The E2187 standard is cited in U.S. state legislation and is the basis for the fire-safe cigarette law in effect in Canada. It is being considered for legislation in other countries. On October 1, 2005, Canada became the first country to implement a nationwide cigarette fire safety standard. The law requires that all cigarettes manufactured in or imported into Canada must burn their full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_156	how many books are in the diary of a whimpy kid series?	n/a	[ "12" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11971943", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\n13, 2009 was on the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Sellers list for 65 weeks, peaking at number one. \"\"\"\", was released October 12, 2009 with 217 pages. The book was ranked at number one on the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Sellers List for all 25 weeks of inclusion, making it the #1 best selling book of 2009. \"\"\"\" was released November 9, 2010 with 217 pages. The sixth, \"\"\"\", was released November 15, 2011. The seventh, \"\"\"\", was released on November 13, 2012. The eighth, \"\"\"\", was released on November 5, 2013, in the United States and on November 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20351074", "chunk_text": "\"Dork Diaries\"\nthe \"\"Dork Diaries\"\" books are in print in the United States, and publishing rights have been sold in 32 countries with translation into 28 different languages. There are currently eleven books in the series. \"\"Dork Diaries\"\"<br>(Release date: June 2, 2009) Fourteen-year-old Nikki Maxwell is not happy when her father arranges a scholarship for her to attend a private middle school called Westchester Country Day as part of the contract for his bug extermination services. Nikki does not fit in with the wealthy, designer clad students and spends most of her time alone writing in her diary. To make matters worse,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539646", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nStraw\"\" has been on the list for 65 weeks (peaking at number 1), \"\"Dog Days\"\" has been on the list for all 25 weeks of its publication (peaking at number 1), and \"\"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\"\" has been listed for all three weeks of its publication, peaking at number 2. The series has sold over 200 million books in 56 languages and 65 editions throughout the world. The series has also generated over $500 million in revenue. Jeff Kinney announced that a film based on the first book would be produced by 20th Century Fox. The film was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539644", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nGreg, Rowley, and Fregley), a 6-inch Greg Heffley figure, a 6-inch holiday figure based on \"\"Cabin Fever\"\", and a Greg and Rodrick plush doll. Thirteen audiobooks have been released for the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. The Recorded Books versions are read by Ramon de Ocampo, while the Penguin Books versions are read by Dan Russell, who has done so since \"\"The Third Wheel\"\", and in 2018 he re-narrated the first 6 books for the markets where Penguin publish the series. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was well received from \"\"The Princeton Review\"\", \"\"Gold Card Association\"\", \"\"The Dallas News\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11971942", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\na chance to be cruel to Greg. He is known for sleeping excessively in the morning and for his rebellious attitude. Rodrick is part of a basement band (garage band in the movies) called \"\"Löded Diper\"\". Rodrick will do anything to embarrass Greg and will even cause problems for Manny to make everyone's life miserable. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" is the first book in an ongoing franchise. The second, \"\"\"\", was released February 1, 2008, and was listed on the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Sellers list for 117 weeks. \"\"\"\", the third book in the series, released on January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539645", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\n\"\"The TRR Editors\"\", \"\"The NW Press\"\", and \"\"The JJ Printing Company\"\". \"\"The New York Times\"\", which ranks children's serials collectively on a \"\"Series Books\"\" bestseller list, has included the \"\"Wimpy Kid\"\" series for 64 weeks as of August 10, 2015. \"\"USA Today\"\", which ranks best sellers based on sales alone regardless of genre or intended audience, has listed \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" in its top 150, peaking at number 8, for 141 weeks as of April 4, 2010. As of the same date, \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" has been on the list for 117 weeks (peaking at number 4), \"\"The Last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9315004", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first, , , and installments have been adapted into films by 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17704622", "chunk_text": "\"Book Girl\"\nThe novels share the common title , which is where the series gets its name. There are 16 novels in the series: eight cover the original series, four are short story collections, and four are of a side story. The eight novels of the original series were published between April 28, 2006 and August 30, 2008. The four short story collections were published between December 26, 2008 and December 25, 2010; many of the short stories were previously published in Enterbrain's \"\"FB Online\"\" online magazine. The four side story novels were published between April 30, 2009 and April 30, 2011.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1141423", "chunk_text": "\"Jess Brallier\"\nJess Brallier Jess M. Brallier (born May 31, 1953) is a publisher working in various media, genres, and formats, such as bestselling books, popular web sites, apps, and virtual worlds including Poptropica, one of the Internet's largest virtual worlds for kids. He helped launch bestselling brands such as Diary of a Wimpy Kid and Galactic Hot Dogs; and extended the Poptropica brand into toys, global education, and books. He is also the author or co-author of 31 books, including Lawyers and Other Reptiles. Jess Brallier initially held marketing positions for trade book publishers, including Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Little Brown, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539650", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nKid: The Musical\"\" is being produced by the Children's Theatre Company. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20351084", "chunk_text": "\"Dork Diaries\"\n\"\"Zoey\"\" Ebony Franklin Brandon Roberts Brianna Lynn Maxwell Jessica Hunter Violet Baker Marcy As of August 2012, the \"\"Dork Diaries\"\" series has spent 43 weeks on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list in the Children’s Series category. Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 3 1/2 Audio books for Books 1 and 2 were released on September 28, 2010. Summit Entertainment has acquired the movie rights to the series. Karen Rosenfelt is in negotiations to produce. Notes Dork Diaries Dork Diaries is a humorous children's book series written and illustrated by Rachel Renée Russell. The series, written in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8649127", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nin the United Kingdom. The ninth, \"\"\"\", was released on November 4, 2014, in the US and November 5, 2014, in the UK. The tenth, \"\"\"\", was released globally on November 3, 2015. The eleventh, \"\"\"\", was published on November 1, 2016. The twelfth book, \"\"\"\", was published on November 7, 2017, followed by the thirteenth, \"\"\"\", on October 30, 2018. The book won the Blue Peter Book Award 2012, revealed live on British kids channel CBBC on March 1, 2012. Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a 2010 American comedy directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8649121", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. The book is about a boy named Greg Heffley and his struggles to fit in as he begins middle school. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" first appeared on FunBrain in 2004, where it was read 20 million times. The abridged hardcover adaptation was released on April 1, 2007. The book was named a \"\"New York Times\"\" bestseller, among other awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17552414", "chunk_text": "\"The Baby-Sitters Club\"\nbabysitter's club, and created the characters, plots, and settings for the series. It was initially planned as a four-book series, but after the first four novels were moderately successful, Scholastic ordered two more, followed by twelve more as the series grew in popularity. By the time the sixth novel was published, the first printing was up to 100,000 copies. When publishing ceased in 2000, there had been 213 novels published in the series. Of these, Martin estimates she wrote from 60 to 80. With the exception of Super Specials and Super Mysteries, the novels are written and narrated from one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16686791", "chunk_text": "\"California Diaries\"\n\"\"Guys. Girls. Nowhere.\"\" 6. Sunny, Diary Two \"\"Waiting. Watching. Crash.\"\" 7. Dawn, Diary Two \"\"Inside. Out.\"\" 8. Maggie, Diary Two \"\"Weight. Problems.\"\" 9. Amalia, Diary Two \"\"Fate.\"\" 10. Ducky, Diary Two \"\"Try. Again.\"\" 11. Dawn, Diary Three \"\"Missing. Losing. Hurt.\"\" 12. Sunny, Diary Three \"\"Just. Cry.\"\" 13. Maggie, Diary Three \"\"Life. Camera. Action.\"\" 14. Amalia, Diary Three \"\"Confusion. Pain. Away.\"\" 15. Ducky, Diary Three \"\"Together.\"\" California Diaries The \"\"California Diaries\"\" series is a spin-off of Ann M. Martin's \"\"The Baby-Sitters Club\"\". All fifteen novels are written as first-person journals. The premise of the Diaries is that they are a school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19724878", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever is a 2011 bestselling and award-winning children's book and the sixth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series, written by American author Jeff Kinney. The book was released on November 15, 2011 and was the fastest-selling book of 2011, giving him the third-strongest opening-week sales for a children's author. \"\"Cabin Fever\"\" had a first printing run of six million copies, which Amulet Books stated was one of their most significant titles for that year. In 2012 Kinney won a \"\"Best Author\"\" \"\"Children's Choice Award\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539643", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nComic Con, Jeff signed a multi-book deal with publisher Harry N. Abrams, Inc., to turn \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" into a print series. The book became an instant hit, and the online version received about 20 million views as of 2009. Nonetheless, many online readers requested a printed version; Kinney agreed, and in April 2007, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was published. To date, thirteen \"\"Wimpy Kid\"\" books have been released, plus one do-it-yourself book and two movie diaries. In April 2009, \"\"TIME\"\" named Kinney one of \"\"The World's Most Influential People\"\". Action figures included a minifigure pack (with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6407571", "chunk_text": "\"Young adult fiction\"\nChronicles\"\" by Suzanne Collins, and \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" by Jeff Kinney. Some examples of young adult novels and novel series include the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series by J.K. Rowling, \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy by Suzanne Collins, and the \"\"Mortal Instruments\"\" series by Cassandra Clare. Middle grade novels are typically for the ages of 8–12. They tend to have an ATOS level of 5.0 or below, have a smaller word count, and are significantly less mature and complex in theme and content than YA, NA, or adult fiction. Young adult novels are for the ages of 12–18. They tend to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2264190", "chunk_text": "\"Stephan Pastis\"\n2013, Stephan Pastis released his first book aimed at younger readers, \"\"Timmy Failure: Mistakes Were Made\"\", from Candlewick Press. Modeled after the popular \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series, \"\"Timmy Failure\"\" follows the exploits of a young soon to be detective and his polar bear friend, Total, as they solve crimes in their local neighbourhood. A sequel titled \"\"Timmy Failure: Now Look What You've Done\"\" was released on February 25, 2014. A third book, \"\"Timmy Failure: We Meet Again\"\", was released on October 28, 2014. The fourth book, \"\"Timmy Failure: Sanitized for Your Protection\"\" was released on October 6, 2015.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5376815", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nis the 12th book in the series, and was released everywhere except Canada and China on November 7, 2017. A week since its release, it has received 4.5/5 stars on Waterstones with 786 reviews. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20674117", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Kinney (author)\"\nthe series won a \"\"Nickelodeon Kids Choice Award\"\" for \"\"Favorite Book\"\". Kinney works full-time as a writer and designer of online games. He also created the kid-friendly website \"\"Poptropica\"\". The Poptropica includes two islands called \"\"Wimpy Wonderland\"\" and \"\"Wimpy Boardwalk\"\", where the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" characters and events are featured in the \"\"Poptropica\"\" universe. The \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series has over 200 million copies in print worldwide as of 2018 and was developed into feature films for which Kinney served as executive producer. Kinney had also wrote a section for Guys Read which is a book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6514699", "chunk_text": "\"Serendipity (book series)\"\nThe first four books of the Serendipity Series were released in 1974. They are: \"\"Serendipity\"\", \"\"The Dream Tree\"\", \"\"Wheedle on the Needle\"\", and \"\"The Muffin Muncher\"\". Cosgrove merged Serendipity Press with the publishing company, Price/Stern/Sloan (now part of Penguin Random House) in 1978 so that Cosgrove could focus on writing. Cosgrove decided to re-edit his earlier books, which have been republished with the changes. To date, there are 70 books in the series, written from the kindergarten to grade three levels. The animals in the Serendipity series include bears, cats, dogs, horses, squirrels, rabbits, and mythical creatures such as unicorns,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2611818", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Woodrow (author)\"\nSchool\"\" (Simon & Schuster, 2013) among other books. Woodrow took the pen name from two towns near where he grew up, Fowler, Michigan and DeWitt, Michigan. A sequel to Mumpley Middle School, \"\"The Amazing Wilmer Dooley\"\" (Simon & Schuster, 2014) was released in August 2014. \"\"Unschooled\"\" (Scholastic Press, August 27, 2017) \"\"Class Dismissed\"\" (Scholastic Press, October 27, 2015) \"\"The Pet War\"\" (Scholastic Press, October 29, 2013) \"\"The Rotten Adventures of Zachary Ruthless\"\" (HarperCollins, April 26, 2011) \"\"The Contagious Colors of Mumpley Middle School\"\" (Atheneum Books for Young Readers, September 3, 2013); Written as Fowler DeWitt \"\"The Amazing Wilmer Dooley\"\" (Atheneum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308569", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (film series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of films based on the series of books, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" by Jeff Kinney. The series consists of four films: \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" (2010), \"\"\"\" (2011), \"\"\"\" (2012) and the latest fourth film \"\" \"\"(2017) as well as a short film entitled \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\"\" (2012) \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was released March 19, 2010, as it moved up from a previously scheduled April 2 release date. Principal production began on September 21, 2009 and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10206734", "chunk_text": "\"Shivers (novel series)\"\nShivers (novel series) Shivers is a series of thirty-six children's horror novels written by M.D. Spenser. These are horror novels, each 120-125 pages long, for readers between the ages of 8 and 14. The series was created during the popularity of the \"\"Goosebumps\"\" series, and it has a similar style. The \"\"Shivers\"\" series was published between 1996 and 1998. Also issued were compilations called \"\"Four Scares in One\"\", which featured four \"\"Shivers\"\" books in a single volume. In addition, a \"\"Shivers\"\"-themed Puzzle & Activity Book was published. The series sold millions of copies worldwide. In August 2011, the \"\"Shivers\"\" series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695903", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\n\"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", in September 1999, the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, a video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released, including \"\"\"\", \"\"The Beatrice Letters\"\" and the noir prequel tetralogy \"\"All the Wrong Questions\"\", which chronicles Snicket's youth. The books seem to be set in an alternate, \"\"timeless\"\" world with stylistic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15664359", "chunk_text": "FunBrain\nFunBrain FunBrain is an educational browser game website for children and adults. It was on this site that \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was first published before being turned into a successful book series and movie franchise. The website was founded in May 1992 and is owned by Poptropica Worldwide; a division of Family Education Network. The current publisher is Jess Brallier. The company said the site has 65,000 teachers registered, 35 million visits per month, and 60,000 page visits per day, and provides mathematics and kid style games. On January 31, 2007, the site had an Alexa rating of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4008891", "chunk_text": "\"Bel Mooney\"\nWindsurf Boy\"\" (1983), \"\"The Anderson Question\"\" (1985), \"\"The Fourth of July\"\" (1988), \"\"Lost Footsteps\"\" (1993), \"\"Intimate Letters\"\" (1993) and \"\"The Invasion of Sand\"\" (2005). She is the author of the best-selling \"\"Kitty and Friends\"\" series of stories for young girls, including \"\"I Don't Want To!\"\" and \"\"So What?\"\", which were inspired by her own daughter, Katherine. There were 13 volumes in all, published 1985–2002. She then went on to write a series of six books inspired by her small dog Bonnie, with titles like \"\"Big Dog Bonnie\"\" and \"\"Brave Dog Bonnie\"\". In all, she published 26 books for children and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628681", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released on November 7, 2017. When Greg Heffley's family try to prepare for Christmas, Greg's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales after seeing an ad for it, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3224568", "chunk_text": "\"The Popularity Papers\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid.\"\" The Popularity Papers The Popularity Papers is a middle grade book series written and illustrated by Amy Ignatow. The first book of the series was published in 2010. To date, six sequels have been published. Two fifth-grade friends, Lydia Goldblatt and Julie Graham-Chang, want to learn how to be popular before entering middle school. The first book of the series is their journal, documenting their misadventures to become more popular, as well as their family and school life. Sequels continue the story of Lydia and Julie and their friends and families, as they progress into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7830500", "chunk_text": "\"Naughty Stories for Good Boys and Girls (series)\"\nNaughty Stories for Good Boys and Girls (series) Naughty Stories for Good Boys and Girls (more commonly known simply as Naughty Stories) is a series of 13 books containing 4 short stories each about naughty children who learn a lesson at the end written by Christopher Milne. The stories are each around 5-10 pages long, and altogether, the 13 books have sold 550 000 copies worldwide and the first book has won the Young Australian's Best Book Award. There are 13 books in the series, each with 4 stories, making a total of 52 stories. There are also spinoffs of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1176023", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and the eighth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. The book's existence was announced at the end of the previous book in the series, \"\"\"\". \"\"Hard Luck\"\" was released on November 5, 2013 in the United States with a print run of 5.5 million copies and on November 6 in the United Kingdom, where it had a printing of 800,000 copies. Despite Susan's words about \"\"friends will come and go but family is forever\"\", Greg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6283312", "chunk_text": "\"Sweet Pickles\"\nSweet Pickles Sweet Pickles is a series of 40 children's books by Ruth Lerner Perle, Jacquelyn Reinach, and Richard Hefter and published by Holt, Rinehart & Winston, having sold over 50 million copies. The books are set in the fictional town of Sweet Pickles and are about anthropomorphic animals with different personalities and behavior. There are 26 animals—one for each letter of the alphabet. The books were published in 1977 and went out of print in the mid-1990s. The authors also created Stickybear and the Strawberry Library. The series' name is a pun; in each book, the main character gets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "397492", "chunk_text": "\"Captain Underpants\"\nbeen translated into over 30 languages, with more than 80 million books sold worldwide, including over 50 million in the United States. DreamWorks Animation acquired rights to the series to make an animated feature , which was released on June 2, 2017 to positive reviews. After the main series concluded with the twelfth novel, \"\"Captain Underpants and the Sensational Saga of Sir Stinks-A-Lot\"\", in 2015, a spin-off series titled \"\"Dog Man\"\" was released the following year. Currently the spin-off series has five books. The main series of novels has developed a pattern of alliteration from the second book on—with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15346233", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and is the ninth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. On April 28, 2014, Kinney announced the book's name and its cover color. The book was released on November 5, 2014 in the UK. After summer vacation starts, Greg's mother Susan announces that the family is going on a surprise road trip, despite her mistake on using a visit to Aunt Loretta to hide a surprise trip to Disney World in previous years,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12540496", "chunk_text": "\"Ann M. Martin\"\nand Scholastic. She is now a full-time writer. In 1983, she published her first book, \"\"Bummer Summer\"\", which earned the Children’s Choice Award in 1985. She began writing \"\"The Baby-Sitters Club\"\" series in 1985 while working for Scholastic as a children’s book editor. After Martin wrote the first 35 novels in \"\"The Baby-Sitters Club\"\" series she has since concentrated on writing single novels, many of which are set in the 1960s. One of those novels, \"\"A Corner of the Universe\"\", won a Newbery Honor in 2003. In 2010, Martin published a prequel to \"\"The Baby-Sitters Club\"\" series titled \"\"The Summer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695939", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nto \"\"Beatrice,\"\" with whom he was obsessed, and who was also dead, like Snicket's Beatrice. The series includes thirteen novels as follows: There are books that accompany the series, such as \"\"The Beatrice Letters\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"The Puzzling Puzzles\"\"; journals \"\"The Blank Book\"\" and \"\"The Notorious Notations\"\"; and short materials such as \"\"The Dismal Dinner\"\" and \"\"13 Shocking Secrets You'll Wish You Never Knew About Lemony Snicket\"\". The books were at one point published at the rate of three or four books per year. The endpapers were \"\"designed in a suitably Victorian style\"\", with cloth binding on the spines matching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517284", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\nIn 2007, Rowling composed seven handwritten copies of \"\"The Tales of Beedle the Bard\"\", a collection of fairy tales that is featured in the final novel, one of which was auctioned to raise money for the Children's High Level Group, a fund for mentally disabled children in poor countries. The book was published internationally on 4 December 2008. Rowling also wrote an 800-word prequel in 2008 as part of a fundraiser organised by the bookseller Waterstones. All three of these books contain extra information about the wizarding world not included in the original novels. In 2016, she released three new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19369540", "chunk_text": "\"Vampire Academy (novel)\"\nYoung Adult Readers and recommended by \"\"Booklist\"\", teenbookstoo.com, and Voice of Youth Advocates (VOYA). Vampire Academy was also voted number four after \"\"Eclipse\"\" by Stephenie Meyer, \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\" by J.K. Rowling, and \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" on ALA's teens top 10. The Vampire Academy series was also one of the New York Times Bestseller top ten in the children's books series division. Vampire Academy (novel) Vampire Academy is the first out of six books in the worldwide bestselling series \"\"Vampire Academy\"\" by the American author Richelle Mead. This book chronicles the life of 17-year-old Rosemarie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5693265", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck\"\nthat the book's formula was similar to Kinney's prior books and that fans of the series would likely enjoy this one as well. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and the eighth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. The book's existence was announced at the end of the previous book in the series, \"\"\"\". \"\"Hard Luck\"\" was released on November 5, 2013 in the United States with a print run of 5.5 million copies and on November 6 in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3879526", "chunk_text": "\"Lisi Harrison\"\nseries while working at MTV so that she would still have a job if her writing career didn’t work out. After selling over 9 million copies in her \"\"Clique\"\" series, Harrison quit her MTV job in June 2004 and focused on her writing career. She has written three separate young adult book series: \"\"The Clique\"\", \"\"Alphas\"\", \"\"Monster High\"\" and \"\"Pretenders\"\". \"\"The Clique\"\" series has 21 books in total, including a prequel, a summer collection and a dictionary-style book called \"\"The Cliquetionary\"\". \"\"The Summer Collection\"\" is a collection of five individual books entitled with each character's names, which are about each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7492762", "chunk_text": "FunBrain\nsuch as Air Buddies, etc. FunBrain FunBrain is an educational browser game website for children and adults. It was on this site that \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was first published before being turned into a successful book series and movie franchise. The website was founded in May 1992 and is owned by Poptropica Worldwide; a division of Family Education Network. The current publisher is Jess Brallier. The company said the site has 65,000 teachers registered, 35 million visits per month, and 60,000 page visits per day, and provides mathematics and kid style games. On January 31, 2007, the site", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17704627", "chunk_text": "\"Book Girl\"\nset of six drama CDs were produced by Lantis covering three stories in two volumes each. The two-volume adaptation of the first light novel \"\"Book Girl and the Suicidal Mime\"\" were released on October 21 and November 25, 2009. The two-volume adaptation of the second novel \"\"Book Girl and the Famished Spirit\"\" were released on February 24 and March 24, 2010. The two-volume adaptation of the third novel \"\"Book Girl and the Captive Fool\"\" were released on September 22 and November 24, 2010. An Internet radio show to promote \"\"Book Girl\"\" titled aired 52 episodes between January 9, 2010 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15505691", "chunk_text": "\"Interactive children's book\"\nwithin Wick’s photograph. Wick’s photographs are highly regarded for their expressive quality. The series originated with I Spy: A Book of Picture Riddles (1992) and grew to include I Spy: Christmas (1992), I Spy: Fun House (1993), I Spy: Mystery (1993), I Spy: Fantasy (1994), I Spy: School Days (1995), I Spy: Spooky Night (1996), and I Spy: Treasure Hunt (1999). A subsequent and more challenging series was begun in 1997 with I Spy: Super Challenger! (1997) and was continued with other installments such as I Spy: Gold Challenger! (1998), I Spy: Extreme Challenger! (2000), I Spy: Year-Round Challenger! (2001),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10078116", "chunk_text": "\"Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!\"\nBob Boyle, the series began as a story created by his niece, Viviana Ogawa, that Boyle turned into a rough comic book-style storybook called \"\"The Tail of Flopsy, Mopsy, and Ted\"\". During the series' development process, the characters were renamed Wubbzy, Widget, and Walden. Boyle submitted his original concept as a book to Bolder Media. After more than 6000 children's book concepts were reviewed, his submission was selected for development into an animated series for preschoolers. The production for the first season began on September 2004. The series premiered on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block on August 28, 2006. It ended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20861268", "chunk_text": "\"Madeline (book series)\"\nthe girls all go to visit their parents in the \"\"Christmas\"\" book. As of 1998, the series had sold over 15 million copies worldwide. Each book in the series begins with the rhyme: Madeline is the smallest yet bravest of the twelve girls at the boarding school. She is only 7 years old and is the only redhead in the school. She has many adventures while there, including falling off a bridge and being saved by a stray dog, and meeting Pepito, the mischievous boy next door. The original series by Ludwig Bemelmans consists of six books: The new series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "481260", "chunk_text": "\"Youth in Revolt\"\ncould receive,\"\" starting a secret relationship with Sheeni. Nick inherits a fortune when an elderly neighbor of Joanie takes a liking to him and decides to put him in her will. When Joanie's neighbor died, Nick is briefly left half a million dollars richer, until his mother's boyfriend, a somewhat corrupt police officer, seizes the money. Faced with homelessness from the loss of the house he had been squatting in, Nick becomes rich beyond belief when an idea of his, a wart watch, makes it big. The book has six sequels, for a total of nine books. Additionally, \"\"Cut to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528311", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nA Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"\"children's novels\"\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950844", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket bibliography\"\nchildren only as \"\"V.F.D.\"\" Since the release of the first novel, \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 65 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\" is the first novel in \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". After the Baudelaire children learn their parents have died in a mansion fire, their banker Arthur Poe puts the Baudelaires in the custody of their distant cousin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7428121", "chunk_text": "Fayroll\nwith occasional outings to downtown Moscow, his offices or Radeon headquarters. The series is attributed to the so-called LitRPG genre which is short for \"\"Literary works based on Role Playing Games\"\" and may be best described as \"\"a mixture of Sci-Fi, Sword and Sorcery and MMORPG elements within the books\"\" (Goodreads). The series currently includes 12 books: - \"\"Book 1. More Than a Game\"\" The English edition by Litworld was released in February 2017. - \"\"Book 2. The Long Road East\"\" \"\"- Book 3. Winds of Fate\"\" \"\"- Book 4. The Gong and Chalice\"\" \"\"- Book 5. Sicilian Defense\"\" \"\"-", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_157	who wrote lord have mercy on the working man?	n/a	[ "Kostas" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18125702", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\nLord Have Mercy on the Working Man \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt. It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album, \"\"T-R-O-U-B-L-E\"\". The song became Tritt's tenth entry on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, where it peaked at number 5. \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\" is a moderate up-tempo whose lyrics centralize on a theme of economic injustice towards blue collar workers. The instrumentation features various", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18125705", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\nMusic Culture: From Hard Times to Heaven\"\", Curtis W. Ellison wrote that the song's music video \"\"confronted a litany of personal oppressions attributed to government policy\"\" that coincided with Bill Clinton's presidential campaign. \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\" spent 20 weeks on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1992, peaking at number 5. The song also reached number 10 on the Canadian \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks charts. Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\" is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20555173", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\nthe album \"\"works best when Tritt sticks with the populist approach.\"\" Alanna Nash of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" said of the song, \"\"Tritt finds a solid image for his laborer's lament[…]But the melody is so slight that he resorts to an acoustic arrangement that evokes Jimmie Rodgers and the young Roy Acuff.\"\" Deborah Evans Price, of \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine gave the song a mixed review, saying that while the final chorus of song features famous country artists, it was too bad that the entire song isn't as strong as the last verse. Jack Cole directed the song's music video. In the book \"\"Country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15342919", "chunk_text": "\"Mercy, Mercy (Don Covay song)\"\nMercy, Mercy (Don Covay song) \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\" (sometimes referred to as \"\"Have Mercy\"\") is a soul song first recorded by American singer/songwriter Don Covay in 1964. It established Covay's recording career and influenced later vocal and guitar styles. The songwriting is usually credited to Covay and Ron Alonzo Miller, although other co-writers' names have also appeared on various releases. In late 1964, the song became a hit, reaching number one on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" R&B chart and number 35 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Several artists have recorded \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\", including a well-known version by the Rolling Stones in 1965.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18125703", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\nforms of percussion from Sam Bacco, including crotales, wobble board, spoons and a broom. Richard Bennett and Wendell Cox play guitar solos before the third verse, and Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker, Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner all sing background vocals on the final chorus. Teresa M. Walker, in her review for the \"\"Gainesville Sun\"\", said that with the assistance from superstars on the final chorus, the song \"\"should shoot up the charts.\"\" Dave Larsen of the \"\"Dayton Daily News\"\" cited it as one of the stronger tracks on the album, saying that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10416430", "chunk_text": "Millworker\nMillworker \"\"Millworker,\"\" or \"\"Millwork,\"\" is a song written by James Taylor. It was originally written for the Stephen Schwartz Broadway musical \"\"Working\"\". Taylor's own recording was released on his 1979 album \"\"Flag\"\" along with \"\"Brother Trucker,\"\" which Taylor also wrote for \"\"Working\"\". It has also been covered by other artists, including Bette Midler, Emmylou Harris, Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder, Bruce Springsteen, Jennifer Warnes and Francis Cabrel. According to Taylor, he was inspired to write the song quickly one night at his home in Martha's Vineyard, \"\"about six feet\"\" from where he wrote his earlier song \"\"Secret O' Life.\"\" He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11352141", "chunk_text": "\"The Tramp (song)\"\nThe Tramp (song) \"\"The Tramp\"\" (1913) is – together with \"\"The Preacher and the Slave\"\" – one of labor organizer Joe Hill's most well-known songs. The lyrics tell about an able-bodied but unemployed man who wanders around looking for work, but is not welcome anywhere – even in church, Heaven, and Hell – and thus must \"\"keep on a-tramping\"\". The tune is borrowed from the song \"\"Tramp! Tramp! Tramp!\"\", a Civil War song written in the 1860s by military songwriter George F. Root. Root wrote it for Union soldiers, but the song was so popular that Confederate soldiers wrote their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1346348", "chunk_text": "\"Dana McVicker\"\non his 1992 single \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\". She was also featured on the track \"\"Drive Away\"\" on Sawyer Brown's 1993 album \"\"Outskirts of Town\"\". McVicker's husband, Michael Thomas, played guitar for Reba McEntire's road band until an airplane, carrying Thomas, six other members of McEntire's band, and her road manager, crashed into a nearby mountain after taking off from an airport in San Diego, California, killing all on board. Dana McVicker Dana McVicker is an American country music artist. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1963, she recorded for Capitol Records Nashville in 1988, releasing a self-titled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14153036", "chunk_text": "\"Miserere (Allegri)\"\nMiserere (Allegri) Miserere (full title: Miserere mei, Deus, Latin for \"\"Have mercy on me, O God\"\") is a setting of Psalm 51 (50) by Italian composer Gregorio Allegri. It was composed during the reign of Pope Urban VIII, probably during the 1630s, for use in the Sistine Chapel during matins, as part of the exclusive Tenebrae service on Holy Wednesday and Good Friday of Holy Week. The \"\"Miserere\"\" is written for two choirs, one of five and one of four voices, and is an example of Renaissance polyphony. One of the choirs sings a simple version of the original \"\"Miserere\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20778604", "chunk_text": "\"Small Time Laboring Man\"\nSmall Time Laboring Man \"\"Small Time Laboring Man\"\" (sometimes called \"\"Small Town Laboring Man\"\") is a song by George Jones. It was composed by Jones and Earl \"\"Peanut\"\" Montogmery and released on as a single on the Musicor label in 1968. Although Jones had scored several Top 10 hits in 1967 and 1968 (including the #1 hit \"\"Walk Through This World with Me\"\"), \"\"Small Time Laboring Man\"\" was a disappointment, barely making the Top 30. The maudlin ballad, which tells the story of a man who \"\"toils and sweats\"\" for \"\"a dollar an hour, eight hours a day,\"\" contained gospel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "879081", "chunk_text": "\"Miserere (Górecki)\"\nMiserere (Górecki) , Op. 44 () is a choral work composed in 1981 by Henryk Górecki for large (120 voices) a cappella mixed choir. The text comprises five words: \"\" (\"\"Lord our God\"\"), which are repeated for the first ten sections, resolved by a chorus of \"\" (\"\"Have mercy on us\"\") in the eleventh and final section. Both lines of text are sung as imploring pleas. A typical performance lasts 35 minutes. Górecki composed the work in 1981 in protest to government intervention against the Polish Solidarity trade union - specifically, in response to the government-sanctioned assault of activists in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12439593", "chunk_text": "T-R-O-U-B-L-E\nMercy on the Working Man\"\" was the first single released from this album. This song, written by Kostas, features Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker, Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner as backing vocalists on the final chorus. Two cover songs are also included: the title track, originally a single in 1975 for Elvis Presley, and \"\"Leave My Girl Alone\"\", previously recorded by Stevie Ray Vaughan on his 1989 album \"\"In Step\"\", and Chicago blues guitarist Buddy Guy before that. Adapted from the liner notes. Guest vocals on last chorus of \"\"Lord Have Mercy on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8145818", "chunk_text": "\"Alfred Baldwin Sloane\"\nAlfred Baldwin Sloane Alfred Baldwin Sloane (28 August 1872 Baltimore – 21 February 1925 Red Bank, New Jersey) was an American composer, considered the most prolific songwriter for Broadway musical comedies at the beginning of the 20th century. His scores were first heard in amateur productions in Baltimore, where he grew up. When Sloane first moved to New York in 1890, he began interpolating melodies into others' scores and soon was invited to create his own. His biggest hit was \"\"Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl,\"\" which Marie Dressler introduced in \"\"Tillie's Nightmare\"\" (1910), but none of his songs found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9375774", "chunk_text": "\"Work song\"\ntypes of song, including chants of labour, love and erotic occupational songs and industrial protest songs, which included narratives of disasters (particularly among miners), laments for conditions, as well as overtly political strike ballads. He also noted the existence of songs about heroic and mythical figures of industrial work, like the coal miners the 'Big Hewer' or 'Big Isaac' Lewis. This tendency was even more marked in early American industrial songs, where representative heroes like Casey Jones and John Henry were eulogised in blues ballads from the nineteenth century. Industrial folk songs were largely ignored by early folk song collectors,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16568701", "chunk_text": "\"Have Mercy on Us All\"\nHave Mercy on Us All Have Mercy on Us All (, lit. \"\"Leave quickly and come back late\"\") is a 2001 novel by French author Fred Vargas. The novel was her first to be translated into English in 2003 by David Bellos. It was made into a film released in 2007. Joss, a middle-aged former Breton sailor, begins to succeed in reviving the old family trade of town crier in modern-day Paris. Business is good, since people gladly pay five francs to hear their rants and nonsensical messages in parks and squares; every so often, ominous cryptic messages announcing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17949136", "chunk_text": "\"May God have mercy upon your soul\"\ninstead of the regular phrase. It was also written in Victor Hugo's \"\"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame\"\". The phrase \"\"may God have mercy on your soul\"\" was also used in the 1995 film, \"\"Billy Madison\"\" as part of an insult. In the classic \"\"The Green Mile\"\", guards Paul Edgecomb, Brutus Howell and Percy Wetmore use this phrase before they conduct an execution. May God have mercy upon your soul \"\"May God have mercy upon your soul\"\" or \"\"may God have mercy on your soul\"\" is a phrase used within courts in various legal systems by judges pronouncing a sentence of death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11468426", "chunk_text": "\"Hard Times Come Again No More\"\nHard Times Come Again No More \"\"Hard Times Come Again No More\"\" (sometimes, \"\"Hard Times\"\") is an American parlor song written by Stephen Foster. It was published in New York by Firth, Pond & Co. in 1854 as Foster's Melodies No. 28. Well-known and popular in its day, both in America and Europe, the song asks the fortunate to consider the plight of the less fortunate and ends with one of Foster's favorite images: \"\"a pale drooping maiden\"\". The first audio recording was a wax cylinder by the Edison Manufacturing Company (Edison Gold Moulded 9120) in 1905. It has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005376", "chunk_text": "\"The Tramp (song)\"\nlyricists. Wobbly lingo The Tramp (song) \"\"The Tramp\"\" (1913) is – together with \"\"The Preacher and the Slave\"\" – one of labor organizer Joe Hill's most well-known songs. The lyrics tell about an able-bodied but unemployed man who wanders around looking for work, but is not welcome anywhere – even in church, Heaven, and Hell – and thus must \"\"keep on a-tramping\"\". The tune is borrowed from the song \"\"Tramp! Tramp! Tramp!\"\", a Civil War song written in the 1860s by military songwriter George F. Root. Root wrote it for Union soldiers, but the song was so popular that Confederate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6255668", "chunk_text": "\"Work Song (Nat Adderley album)\"\nWork Song (Nat Adderley album) Work Song is an album by jazz cornetist Nat Adderley, recorded in January 1960 and released on the Riverside label. It features Adderley with Bobby Timmons, Wes Montgomery, Sam Jones, Percy Heath, Keter Betts and Louis Hayes in various combinations from a trio to a sextet, with the unusual sound of pizzicato cello to the fore on some tracks. The title tune was given lyrics and covered the following year by Oscar Brown Jr. on his album \"\"Sin And Soul...and then some\"\" and has become a standard in both vocal and instrumental forms. It has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16454426", "chunk_text": "\"May God have mercy upon your soul\"\nMay God have mercy upon your soul \"\"May God have mercy upon your soul\"\" or \"\"may God have mercy on your soul\"\" is a phrase used within courts in various legal systems by judges pronouncing a sentence of death upon a person found guilty of a crime that requires a death sentence. The phrase originated in beth din courts in the Kingdom of Israel as a way to attribute God as the highest authority in law. The usage of the phrase later spread to England and Wales' legal system and from there to usage throughout the colonies of the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "560427", "chunk_text": "\"Vigilante Man\"\nVigilante Man \"\"Vigilante Man\"\" is a song by Woody Guthrie, recorded and released in 1940 as one of his \"\"Dust Bowl Ballads\"\". The song is about the hired thugs (\"\"vigilantes\"\") who would violently chase away migrants to California trying to escape the Dust Bowl, a man-made ecological catastrophe in the American Great Plains during the 1930s. One verse refers to the murder of Preacher (Jim) Casy, a central figure in John Steinbecks' 1939 novel \"\"The Grapes of Wrath\"\". The tune was taken from \"\"Sad and Lonesome Day\"\", a song made popular by The Carter Family; which itself borrows from \"\"See", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6665287", "chunk_text": "\"Chinaman, Laundryman\"\nChinaman, Laundryman \"\"Chinaman, Laundryman\"\" is a song composed by Ruth Crawford Seeger. The song depicts the exploitation of an immigrant Chinese laundry worker. In 1932 Ruth Crawford Seeger composed two songs for a commission from the Society of Contemporary Music in Philadelphia, which she called \"\"Two Ricercari\"\". The first, \"\"Sacco, Vanzetti\"\" is a tribute to the infamous executions of the two Italian Anarchists after whom the piece is named, in Massachusetts. The second, \"\"Chinaman, Laundryman,\"\" depicts the exploitation of an immigrant Chinese laundry worker. Both are settings of politically militant poems written in 1928 by a young Chinese author, H.T.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6717408", "chunk_text": "T-R-O-U-B-L-E\nthe Working Man\"\" Production T-R-O-U-B-L-E T-R-O-U-B-L-E is the third studio album from the American country music artist Travis Tritt. It was released on Warner Bros. Records in 1992. Five singles were released from the album; in order of release, these were \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\", \"\"Can I Trust You with My Heart\"\", \"\"T-R-O-U-B-L-E\"\", \"\"Looking Out for Number One\"\", and \"\"Worth Every Mile\"\". Respectively, these reached numbers 5, 1, 13, 11, and 30 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs charts between 1992 and 1993. The album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA for U.S. shipments of two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9375775", "chunk_text": "\"Work song\"\nbut gained attention in the second folk revival in the twentieth century, being noted and recorded by figures such as George Korson, Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie in the USA and A. L. Lloyd and Ewan MacColl and Peggy Seeger in Britain. The genre declined in popularity with new forms of music and de-industrialisation in the twentieth century, but has continued to influence performers like Billy Bragg and Bruce Springsteen. Work song A work song is a piece of music closely connected to a form of work, either sung while conducting a task (usually to coordinate timing) or a song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5789362", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus Christ (Woody Guthrie song)\"\nhow I felt about the rich folks and the poor ones.\"\" Jesus Christ (Woody Guthrie song) \"\"Jesus Christ\"\" is a song written in 1940 by Woody Guthrie. The song argues that Jesus would have been killed by modern capitalist society much as he was in his own time. The song was partially sung and played on the piano by the Guthrie character in the biographical film \"\"Bound For Glory\"\", set to the same tune as the folk ballad \"\"Jesse James\"\". \"\"I wrote this song looking out of a rooming house window in New York City in the winter of Nineteen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12439592", "chunk_text": "T-R-O-U-B-L-E\nT-R-O-U-B-L-E T-R-O-U-B-L-E is the third studio album from the American country music artist Travis Tritt. It was released on Warner Bros. Records in 1992. Five singles were released from the album; in order of release, these were \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man\"\", \"\"Can I Trust You with My Heart\"\", \"\"T-R-O-U-B-L-E\"\", \"\"Looking Out for Number One\"\", and \"\"Worth Every Mile\"\". Respectively, these reached numbers 5, 1, 13, 11, and 30 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs charts between 1992 and 1993. The album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA for U.S. shipments of two million copies. \"\"Lord Have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20989758", "chunk_text": "\"Working Class Man\"\nWorking Class Man \"\"Working Class Man\"\" is a song performed and made famous by Australian singer Jimmy Barnes. It was written by Journey keyboardist Jonathan Cain. \"\"Working Class Man\"\" is generally considered Barnes' signature song as a solo artist. The song first appeared on the 1985 album \"\"For the Working Class Man\"\" and was the first single released from the album. The single spent 14 weeks in the Australian charts, entering at #21 and peaking at #5. It also spent seven weeks in the New Zealand charts, peaking at #34. It was later played over the credits of the 1986", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6787396", "chunk_text": "\"Industrial Workers of the World\"\nconcert and on recordings for decades. Other prominent IWW songwriters include Ralph Chaplin who authored \"\"Solidarity Forever\"\", and Leslie Fish. The Finnish IWW community produced several folk singers, poets and songwriters, the most famous being Matti Valentine Huhta (better known as T-Bone Slim), who penned \"\"The Popular Wobbly\"\" and \"\"The Mysteries of a Hobo's Life\"\". Slim's poem, \"\"The Lumberjack's Prayer\"\" was recorded by Studs Terkel on labor singer Bucky Halker's \"\"Don't Want Your Millions\"\". Hiski Salomaa, whose songs were composed entirely in Finnish (and Finglish), remains a widely recognized early folk musician in his native Finland as well as in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4880540", "chunk_text": "\"Travis Tritt\"\nAugust of that same year, Tritt released the album \"\"T-R-O-U-B-L-E\"\". Its first single was \"\"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man,\"\" a song written by Kostas. This song, which featured backing vocals from Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker (who also sang backup on Tritt's first two albums), Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner, peaked at number four. Its follow-up, \"\"Can I Trust You with My Heart,\"\" became Tritt's third \"\"Billboard\"\" number one in early 1993. The album's next three singles did not perform as well on the charts: the title track (a cover of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20294416", "chunk_text": "\"Hands of a Working Man\"\nHands of a Working Man \"\"Hands of a Working Man\"\" is a song written by D. Vincent Williams and Jim Collins, and recorded by American country music artist Ty Herndon. It was released in January 1999 as the third single from his album, \"\"Big Hopes\"\". The song reached number 5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in May 1999, and was Herndon's last Top Ten country hit. The lyric paints a vivid picture of a working man who punches a time clock to pay for braces and other family necessities. He may get tired and frustrated, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9336476", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Brewer (writer)\"\nwhich they underwent in their attempts to reach a place of safety. Two other tracts by Brewer relating to the plague were published by H. Gosson in 1636: \"\"Lord have Mercy upon us. The World, a Sea, a Pest House\"\" and \"\"A Dialogue betwixt a Cittizen and a poore Countrey-man and his Wife. London Trumpet sounding into the country. When death drives the grave thrives\"\". A copy of the last-named tract (or tracts?) was in Heber's library (Bibl. Heber. pt. viii. No. 234). In 1637 Brewer contributed to a collection of verse, entitled \"\"The Phoenix of these late times, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17100002", "chunk_text": "\"The Absent-Minded Beggar\"\nThe Absent-Minded Beggar \"\"The Absent-Minded Beggar\"\" is an 1899 poem by Rudyard Kipling, set to music by Sir Arthur Sullivan and often accompanied by an illustration of a wounded but defiant British soldier, \"\"A Gentleman in Kharki\"\", by Richard Caton Woodville. The song was written as part of an appeal by the \"\"Daily Mail\"\" to raise money for soldiers fighting in the Second Boer War and their families. The fund was the first such charitable effort for a war. The chorus of the song exhorted its audience to \"\"pass the hat for your credit's sake, and pay– pay– pay!\"\" The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16325631", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the talents or minas\"\ntheir contributions, while less-famous scientists are awarded lesser credit than is merited by their contributions; see also Stigler's law of eponymy: “No scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer.” The “Parable of the Talents” has been depicted by artists such as Rembrandt, Jan Luyken, and Matthäus Merian. In literature, the \"\"Threepenny Novel\"\" (1934), by Bertolt Brecht (1895–1956), presents a social critique of the parable as an ideological tool of capitalist exploitation of the worker and of society. In religious music, the hymn “Slave of God, Well Done!”, by John Wesley, notably alludes to the “Parable of the Talents” (),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15342929", "chunk_text": "\"Mercy, Mercy (Don Covay song)\"\n'Have Mercy on Me, Baby'\"\". The three and a half minute song features more elaborate and driving guitar work, although remains focused on chording. The Rolling Stones recorded their interpretation of \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\" during their early American recording sessions, when they were beginning to emerge from their blues- and R&B-cover band roots. Their first attempt came during their second session at the Chess Records studio in Chicago in November 1964. This version, which Malvinni calls \"\"workmanlike\"\", remains unreleased. On their third Chess visit, they recorded the final version of the song. The session took place on May 10 and 11,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1729327", "chunk_text": "\"Don Covay\"\nof Washington, Thomas Randolph of the Bronx, and Leroy Randolph of Brooklyn; and five grandchildren. Don Covay Donald James Randolph (March 24, 1936 – January 31, 2015), better known by the stage name Don Covay, was an American R&B, rock and roll and soul singer and songwriter most active from the 1950s to the 1970s. His most successful recordings include \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\" (1964), \"\"See-Saw\"\" (1965), and \"\"It's Better to Have (and Don't Need)\"\" (1974). He also wrote \"\"Pony Time\"\", a US number 1 hit for Chubby Checker, and \"\"Chain of Fools\"\", a Grammy-winning song for Aretha Franklin. He received a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15342932", "chunk_text": "\"Mercy, Mercy (Don Covay song)\"\nlater included on the 2006 \"\"Stones in the Park\"\" expanded DVD. Several other musical artists have recorded \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\", including: Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers, the Chocolate Watchband, Los Yorks, Jeff Lynne, Wilson Pickett, Alan Price Set, the Remains, Phoebe Snow, the Black Sorrows, the 13th Floor Elevators, Shemekia Copeland, the Wailers, and Gary U.S. Bonds, Chuck Jackson and Todd Rundgren for the album \"\"Celebrating the Music of Don Covay\"\". Footnotes Citations References Mercy, Mercy (Don Covay song) \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\" (sometimes referred to as \"\"Have Mercy\"\") is a soul song first recorded by American singer/songwriter Don Covay in 1964.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2168614", "chunk_text": "\"Working Man\"\nWorking Man \"\"Working Man\"\" is a song by rock band Rush from their self-titled debut album. The song's guitar solo was voted 94th in \"\"Guitar World\"\" magazine's list of the 100 greatest guitar solos. Donna Halper, then a disc jockey and music director at WMMS in Cleveland, Ohio, is credited with getting Rush noticed in the United States by playing \"\"Working Man\"\" on the air. The song proved particularly popular in the working-class city. The response resulted in a record deal for the band, which gave her special thanks for her part in their early history and dedicated their first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19975371", "chunk_text": "\"Casey Jones—the Union Scab\"\nCasey Jones—the Union Scab \"\"Casey Jones—the Union Scab\"\" is a song, written by labor figure Joe Hill in San Pedro, California, shortly after the first day of a nationwide walkout of 40,000 railway employees in the Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911. It is a parody of the song \"\"The Ballad of Casey Jones\"\" and is sung to its tune. The Industrial Workers of the World (commonly known as the Wobblies) are an industrial union. Many of the railway workers were organized into the railway brotherhoods, which were craft unions. The song was published in the \"\"Little Red Songbook\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6785606", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Laurie Borthwick\"\nJane Laurie Borthwick Jane Laurie Borthwick (9 April 1813, Edinburgh, Scotland; 7 September 1897, Edinburgh, Scotland) was hymn writer, translator of German hymns and a noble supporter of home and foreign missions. She published under the pseudonym: H. L. L. (Hymns from the Land of Luther). Jane Laurie Borthwick is best known for the \"\"Hymns from the Land of Luther\"\"; her most famous translation today is \"\"Be still, my soul\"\" and her most known original text is \"\"Come, labor on\"\". Like Catherine Winkworth and Frances Cox she greatly contributed to English-language hymnody by mediating German hymnody. Jane Laurie Borthwick was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13665220", "chunk_text": "\"Working Man – A Tribute to Rush\"\nWorking Man – A Tribute to Rush Working Man: A Tribute to Rush is a tribute album to progressive rock band Rush recorded by various artists and released on Magna Carta Records in 1996 (see 1996 in music). The album was mixed by original Rush producer Terry Brown at Town Music Studios in Toronto, Canada. Mike Portnoy was the main creative consultant. Several prominent musicians from the genres of hard rock, progressive rock, heavy metal, progressive metal and extreme metal were a part of this project. Musicians include Sebastian Bach, Jake E. Lee, Mike Portnoy, Billy Sheehan, Brendt Allman, James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10416431", "chunk_text": "Millworker\ninitially impressed with the song and how he was able to write it from the perspective of a woman. He originally started writing the song about a truck driver, rather than a millworker, and according to Taylor the lyrics are not about any particular character in the book by Studs Terkel, \"\"\"\" which was the basis for the musical \"\"Working\"\". However, according to Bruce Springsteen biographer Marc Dolan, the lyrics were based on the words of union organizer Grace Clements, who was interviewed for Terkel's book. In the completed song, the protagonist became a young woman in the 1800s, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7641303", "chunk_text": "\"Don Covay\"\nDon Covay Donald James Randolph (March 24, 1936 – January 31, 2015), better known by the stage name Don Covay, was an American R&B, rock and roll and soul singer and songwriter most active from the 1950s to the 1970s. His most successful recordings include \"\"Mercy, Mercy\"\" (1964), \"\"See-Saw\"\" (1965), and \"\"It's Better to Have (and Don't Need)\"\" (1974). He also wrote \"\"Pony Time\"\", a US number 1 hit for Chubby Checker, and \"\"Chain of Fools\"\", a Grammy-winning song for Aretha Franklin. He received a Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1994. Writing in the \"\"Washington Post\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10416436", "chunk_text": "Millworker\nthe song on her previous album, \"\"Roses in the Snow\"\", but her producer Brian Ahern convinced her that it was too much of a pop song for that bluegrass album. Bruce Springsteen sang the song with Taylor on the 2006 album \"\"A Musicares Person of the Year Tribute\"\". Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder has covered the song in concert at the Delta Plex in Grand Rapids, MI, on Oct. 03, 2004. Millworker \"\"Millworker,\"\" or \"\"Millwork,\"\" is a song written by James Taylor. It was originally written for the Stephen Schwartz Broadway musical \"\"Working\"\". Taylor's own recording was released on his 1979", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10008678", "chunk_text": "\"Working Class Hero\"\nthen an open A string. The tone and style of the song is similar to that of \"\"Masters of War\"\" and \"\"North Country Blues\"\" by Bob Dylan, a known influence of Lennon. Both are based on Jean Ritchie's arrangement of the traditional English folk song, \"\"Nottamun Town\"\". Lennon recorded \"\"Working Class Hero\"\" over a hundred times until he was satisfied with the recording. The recording is the composite of two different takes: the sound of the guitar and vocal changes at 1:24 prior to the verse \"\"When they've tortured and scared you.\"\" In 1973, US Representative Harley Orrin Staggers heard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16468441", "chunk_text": "\"Good Shepherd (song)\"\nin a prison by a blind inmate convicted of murder, and sees use in the 1950s as a folk song, before attaining its realization by Jefferson Airplane. Several of these different variants of the song are still performed in the 21st century. \"\"Good Shepherd\"\" originated in a very early 19th century hymn written by the Methodist minister Reverend John Adam Granade (1770–1807), \"\"Let Thy Kingdom, Blessed Savior\"\". Granade was a significant figure of the Great Revival in the American West during the 19th century's first decade, as the most important author of camp meeting hymns during that time. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3106992", "chunk_text": "\"Industrial folk music\"\nAmerican song collection of over 200 songs in \"\"Hard Hitting Songs For Hard Hit People\"\" by Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger and Alan Lomax in the 1940s (not published till 1967), explored worker's song further. The work of labour historian Archie Green, which included the production of recordings of labour and work songs, provided a wider context for understanding industrial folk song within a wider field of 'labor lore'. Songs written by Seeger and Guthrie, were also important in continuing the tradition and moving it into progressive folk music. Among the most successful of these composed industrial songs was Merle Travis'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493543", "chunk_text": "\"Working Man's Café\"\nWorking Man's Café Working Man's Café is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Ray Davies released on 22 October 2007 in the UK. A day earlier, on 21 October, a ten track promotional copy of the album (minus bonus tracks \"\"Hymn for a New Age\"\" and \"\"The Real World\"\") was \"\"given away\"\" with the \"\"Sunday Times\"\" newspaper in the UK. The album was released in the US on New West/Ammal Records on 19 February 2008. All tracks composed by Ray Davies The American CD/DVD deluxe edition, released on 19 February 2008, contains the following four bonus tracks in addition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11468427", "chunk_text": "\"Hard Times Come Again No More\"\nrecorded and performed numerous times since. The song is Roud Folk Song Index #2659. A satirical version about soldier's food was popular in the American Civil War, \"\"Hard Tack Come Again No More\"\". \"\"Hard Times Come Again No More\"\" has been included in the following: Hard Times Come Again No More \"\"Hard Times Come Again No More\"\" (sometimes, \"\"Hard Times\"\") is an American parlor song written by Stephen Foster. It was published in New York by Firth, Pond & Co. in 1854 as Foster's Melodies No. 28. Well-known and popular in its day, both in America and Europe, the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3876248", "chunk_text": "\"Have Mercy Baby\"\nHave Mercy Baby \"\"Have Mercy Baby\"\" is a popular rhythm and blues song, written by Billy Ward and Rose Marks, recorded by The Dominoes in Cincinnati, produced by Ralph Bass, and released by Federal Records in 1952. It was Number One on the R&B Charts for ten non consecutive weeks. Influenced by the group's lead singer Clyde McPhatter, its importance lies in that it was the first popular R&B recording highlighting passionate black gospel music features. Clyde McPhatter's roots were in the black church. The song is essentially the gospel song \"\"Have Mercy, Jesus\"\" sung in the call-and-response style of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12648080", "chunk_text": "\"Der Arbeitsmann\"\nDer Arbeitsmann \"\"Der Arbeitsmann\"\" (English: \"\"The workman\"\") is an art song for voice and piano composed by Richard Strauss in 1889, setting a poem by the German poet Richard Dehmel. The song is part of the collection \"\"\"\" (English: \"\"Five songs for high voice with piano accompaniment\"\"). Strauss orchestrated the song in 1918. Strauss set 11 poems by the German poet Richard Dehmel over the period 1895-1901, four of them in his Opus 39 collection (\"\"Leises Lied\"\", \"\"Befreit\"\" and \"\"Lied am meinem Sohn\"\" being the other Opus 39 Dehmel settings) and another the 1899 orchestral song Notturno. Dehmel was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_158	a legislative act passed by congress is an example of?	n/a	[ "statutory law" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3793414", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Congress\"\nAct of Congress An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. It can either be a Public Law, relating to the general public, or a Private Law, relating to specific institutions or individuals. The term can be used in other countries with a legislature named \"\"Congress\"\", such as the Congress of the Philippines. In the United States, Acts of Congress are designated as either public laws, relating to the general public, or private laws, relating to specific institutions or individuals. Since 1957, all Acts of Congress have been designated as \"\"Public Law X-Y\"\" or \"\"Private", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515753", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Congress\"\nin the United States Code. An Act of Congress that violates the Constitution may be declared unconstitutional by the courts. The judicial declaration of an Act's unconstitutionality does not remove the law from the statute books; rather, it prevents the law from being enforced. However, future publications of the Act are generally annotated with warnings indicating that the statute is no longer valid law. Act of Congress An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by the United States Congress. It can either be a Public Law, relating to the general public, or a Private Law, relating to specific institutions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12335743", "chunk_text": "Legislation\nLegislation Legislation (or \"\"statutory law\"\") is law which has been promulgated (or \"\"enacted\"\") by a legislature or other governing body or the process of making it. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as \"\"legislation\"\", while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act which is adopted by an executive or administrative body under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097364", "chunk_text": "\"Authorization bill\"\nAuthorization bill An authorization bill is a type of legislation used in the United States to authorize the activities of the various agencies and programs that are part of the federal government of the United States. Authorizing such programs is one of the powers of the United States Congress. Authorizations give those things the legal power to operate and exist. Authorization bills must be passed in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate before being signed by the President of the United States in order to become law. They may originate in either chamber of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515750", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Congress\"\n\"\"act\"\" is deprecated by some dictionaries and usage authorities. Some writers, in particular the U.S. Code, capitalize \"\"Act\"\". This is likely a result of the more liberal use of capital letters in legal contexts, which has its roots in the 18th century capitalization of all nouns as is seen in the United States Constitution. \"\"Act of Congress\"\" is sometimes used in informal speech to indicate something for which getting permission is burdensome. For example, \"\"It takes an Act of Congress to get a building permit in this town.\"\" An Act adopted by simple majorities in both houses of Congress is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15186291", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Parliament\"\nAct of Parliament Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature). Act of the Oireachtas is an equivalent term used in the Republic of Ireland where the legislature is commonly known by its Irish name, . It is also comparable to an Act of Congress in the United States. A draft Act of Parliament is known as a bill. In territories with a Westminster system, most bills that have any possibility of becoming law are introduced into parliament by the government. This will usually happen following the publication of a \"\"white paper\"\", setting out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8749672", "chunk_text": "\"Legislative veto in the United States\"\nveto provision found in federal legislation took several forms. Some laws established a veto procedure that required a simple resolution passed by a majority vote of one chamber of Congress. Other laws required a concurrent resolution passed by both the House and the Senate. Some statutes made the veto process more difficult by requiring not just a majority vote of one or both houses, but a majority of the membership of the legislative body, present or not. Some designated neither the House nor the Senate, but authorized one or more Congressional committees to exercise the veto on behalf of Congress.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17289926", "chunk_text": "\"Signing ceremony\"\nSigning ceremony A signing ceremony is a ceremony in which a bill passed by a legislature is signed (approved) by an executive, thus becoming a law. Modern-day signing ceremonies are derived from ceremonies that occurred when the British monarch gave Royal Assent to acts of Parliament. Signing ceremonies are an aspect of American politics. Signing ceremonies may be performed by state governors upon signing an act of the state legislature into law or may be performed by the President of the United States upon signing an act of Congress into law. The President often invites leaders from the Congress that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14925660", "chunk_text": "\"Session laws\"\nSession laws Session laws are the collection of statutes enacted by a legislature during a single session of that legislature, often published following the end of the session as a bound volume. The United States Statutes at Large are an example of session laws which are published biennially, because the United States Congress meets for two years per session. Session laws are typically published annually or biennially, depending on the length of the session of the legislature, which in turn typically depends on the frequency with which general elections of the legislature are held. Laws that are enacted during a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12335744", "chunk_text": "Legislation\nthe authority of a legislative act or for implementing a legislative act. Under the Westminster system, an item of primary legislation is known as an Act of Parliament after enactment. Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature (e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament), or by the executive, whereupon it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended before passage. Most large legislatures enact only a small fraction of the bills proposed in a given session. Whether a given bill will be proposed and is generally a matter of the legislative priorities of government.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14925662", "chunk_text": "\"Session laws\"\nthe session laws. Session laws Session laws are the collection of statutes enacted by a legislature during a single session of that legislature, often published following the end of the session as a bound volume. The United States Statutes at Large are an example of session laws which are published biennially, because the United States Congress meets for two years per session. Session laws are typically published annually or biennially, depending on the length of the session of the legislature, which in turn typically depends on the frequency with which general elections of the legislature are held. Laws that are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13332863", "chunk_text": "\"Bill (law)\"\nBill (law) A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature. A bill does not become law until it is passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the executive. Once a bill has been enacted into law, it is called an \"\"act of the legislature\"\", or a \"\"statute\"\". Bills are introduced in the legislature and are discussed, debated and voted upon . The term \"\"bill\"\" is primarily used in Anglophone nations. In the United Kingdom, the parts of a bill are known as \"\"clauses\"\", until it has become an act of parliament, from which time the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6320798", "chunk_text": "Legislature\nLegislature A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. Legislatures form important parts of most governments; in the separation of powers model, they are often contrasted with the executive and judicial branches of government. Laws enacted by legislatures are known as primary legislation. Legislatures observe and steer governing actions and usually have exclusive authority to amend the budget or budgets involved in the process. The members of a legislature are called legislators. In a democracy, legislators are most commonly popularly elected, although indirect election and appointment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8749671", "chunk_text": "\"Legislative veto in the United States\"\nLegislative veto in the United States The legislative veto was a feature of dozens of statutes enacted by the United States federal government between approximately 1930 and 1980, until held unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1983. It has also been widely used by state governments. The legislative veto was first developed in context of the delegation to the president to reorganize governmental agencies and was first authorized by the Legislative Appropriations Act in 1932. It was furthered by the necessities of providing for national security and foreign affairs immediately prior to and during World War II. The legislative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12335746", "chunk_text": "Legislation\nsecondary legislation is enacted. Such other forms of law-making include referendums, orders in council or regulations. The term \"\"legislation\"\" is sometimes used to include these situations, or the term \"\"primary legislation\"\" may be used to exclude these other forms. The phrase \"\"dead letter\"\" refers to legislation that has not been revoked, but that has become inapplicable or obsolete or is no longer enforced. Legislation Legislation (or \"\"statutory law\"\") is law which has been promulgated (or \"\"enacted\"\") by a legislature or other governing body or the process of making it. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18054147", "chunk_text": "\"Bill (United States Congress)\"\nBill (United States Congress) In the United States Congress, a bill is proposed legislation under consideration by either of the two chambers of Congress: the House of Representatives or the Senate. Anyone elected to either body can propose a bill. After both chambers approve a bill, it is sent to the President of the United States for consideration. In the House, a bill is introduced by a member placing a hard copy into a wooden box called a hopper. In the Senate, the bill is placed on the desk of the presiding officer. The bill must bear the signature of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5197424", "chunk_text": "\"Signing ceremony\"\nConversely, laws that are passed reluctantly or are controversial are often signed into law quietly and privately without any public ceremony. Signing ceremony A signing ceremony is a ceremony in which a bill passed by a legislature is signed (approved) by an executive, thus becoming a law. Modern-day signing ceremonies are derived from ceremonies that occurred when the British monarch gave Royal Assent to acts of Parliament. Signing ceremonies are an aspect of American politics. Signing ceremonies may be performed by state governors upon signing an act of the state legislature into law or may be performed by the President", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17701665", "chunk_text": "\"Act (document)\"\nAct (document) An act is an instrument that records a fact or something that has been said, done, or agreed. Acts generally take the form of legal instruments of writing that have probative value and executory force. They are usually accepted as self-authenticating demonstrative evidence in court proceedings, though with the precarious status of notaries public and their acts under common law, this is not always so. Common types of acts are legislative, judicial, and notarial acts. Legislative acts (fully, acts of statute), or more commonly statutes, are the cornerstone of statutory and regulatory law. They may include in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11345626", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Parliament\"\nMajority Act 1977 was No. 9075 of 1977. General Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature). Act of the Oireachtas is an equivalent term used in the Republic of Ireland where the legislature is commonly known by its Irish name, . It is also comparable to an Act of Congress in the United States. A draft Act of Parliament is known as a bill. In territories with a Westminster system, most bills that have any possibility of becoming law are introduced into parliament by the government. This will usually happen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515749", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Congress\"\nLaw X-Y\"\", where X is the number of the Congress and Y refers to the sequential order of the bill (when it was enacted). For example, P. L. 111-5 (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) was the fifth enacted public law of the 111th United States Congress. Public laws are also often abbreviated as Pub. L. No. X-Y. When the legislation of those two kinds is proposed, it is called public bill and private bill respectively. The word \"\"act\"\", as used in the term \"\"Act of Congress\"\", is a common, not a proper noun. The capitalization of the word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3636959", "chunk_text": "Legislature\nof a country's lower house tends to be proportional to the cube root of its population; that is, the size of the lower house tends to increase along with population, but much more slowly. Legislature A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. Legislatures form important parts of most governments; in the separation of powers model, they are often contrasted with the executive and judicial branches of government. Laws enacted by legislatures are known as primary legislation. Legislatures observe and steer governing actions and usually have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1771991", "chunk_text": "\"United States Statutes at Large\"\nUnited States Statutes at Large The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress. Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a Congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as \"\"session law\"\" publications. The session law publication for U.S. Federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2925594", "chunk_text": "\"Bill (United States Congress)\"\nof each chamber. \"\"Congress.gov\"\" Current legislative activities Bill (United States Congress) In the United States Congress, a bill is proposed legislation under consideration by either of the two chambers of Congress: the House of Representatives or the Senate. Anyone elected to either body can propose a bill. After both chambers approve a bill, it is sent to the President of the United States for consideration. In the House, a bill is introduced by a member placing a hard copy into a wooden box called a hopper. In the Senate, the bill is placed on the desk of the presiding officer.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2600930", "chunk_text": "\"Concurrent resolution\"\nConcurrent resolution A concurrent resolution is a resolution (a legislative measure) adopted by both houses of a bicameral legislature that lacks the force of law (is non-binding) and does not require the approval of the chief executive (president). Concurrent resolutions are typically adopted to regulate the internal affairs of the legislature that adopted them, or for other purposes, if authority of law is not necessary (such as in the cases of awards or recognitions). In the United States Congress, a concurrent resolution is a resolution passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate but is not presented to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14303884", "chunk_text": "\"Article One of the United States Constitution\"\nArticle One of the United States Constitution Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. Under Article One, Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Article One grants Congress various enumerated powers and the ability to pass laws \"\"necessary and proper\"\" to carry out those powers. Article One also establishes the procedures for passing a bill and places various limits on the powers of Congress and the states. Article One's Vesting Clause grants all federal legislative power to Congress and establishes that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4145433", "chunk_text": "\"Self-executing rule\"\nSelf-executing rule The self-executing rule, also known as \"\"deem and pass\"\", is procedural measure used by the United States House of Representatives to approve legislation. If the full House votes to approve a legislative rule that contains such a provision, the House then deems a second piece of legislation as approved without requiring a separate vote, as long as it is specified in the rule. That is, if the vote on the rule passes, then the second piece of legislation is passed as part of the rule vote. When considering a bill for debate, the House must first adopt a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515751", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Congress\"\npromulgated, or given the force of law, in one of the following ways: The President promulgates Acts of Congress made by the first two methods. If an Act is made by the third method, the presiding officer of the house that last reconsidered the act promulgates it. Under the United States Constitution, if the President does not return a bill or resolution to Congress with objections before the time limit expires, then the bill automatically becomes an Act; however, if the Congress is adjourned at the end of this period, then the bill dies and cannot be reconsidered (see pocket", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142940", "chunk_text": "\"Primary and secondary legislation\"\nPrimary and secondary legislation In parliamentary systems and presidential systems of government, primary legislation and secondary legislation, the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation, are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislative and executive branches of government. Primary legislation generally consists of statutes, also known as \"\"acts\"\", that set out broad outlines and principles, but delegate specific authority to an executive branch to make more specific laws under the aegis of the principal act. The executive branch can then issue secondary legislation (mainly via its regulatory agencies), creating legally-enforceable regulations and the procedures for implementing them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13455341", "chunk_text": "\"Joint resolution\"\nJoint resolution In the United States Congress, a joint resolution is a legislative measure that requires approval by the Senate and the House and is presented to the president for their approval or disapproval. Generally, there is no legal difference between a joint resolution and a bill. Both must be passed, in exactly the same form, by both chambers of Congress, and signed by the President (or, re-passed in override of a presidential veto; or, remain unsigned for ten days while Congress is in session) to become a law. Only joint resolutions may be used to propose amendments to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14605857", "chunk_text": "\"Implied repeal\"\nImplied repeal The doctrine of implied repeal is a concept in constitutional theory which states that where an Act of Parliament or an Act of Congress (or of some other legislature) conflicts with an earlier one, the later Act takes precedence and the conflicting parts of the earlier Act becomes legally inoperable. This doctrine is expressed in the Latin phrase \"\"\"\"leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant\"\"\"\". Implied repeal is to be contrasted with the express repeal of legislation by the legislative body. Under United States law, \"\"implied repeal\"\" is a disfavored doctrine. That is, if a court can reconcile the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13608503", "chunk_text": "\"Self-executing rule\"\ncase before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia regarding the Deficit Reduction Act, which, in part, ruled in favor of the self-executing provision. That ruling was upheld on appeal in 2007, but was never argued before the Supreme Court. Self-executing rule The self-executing rule, also known as \"\"deem and pass\"\", is procedural measure used by the United States House of Representatives to approve legislation. If the full House votes to approve a legislative rule that contains such a provision, the House then deems a second piece of legislation as approved without requiring a separate vote, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5785136", "chunk_text": "Repeal\nTo repeal any element of an enacted law, Congress must pass a new law containing repeal language and the codified statute's location in the U.S. Code (including the title, chapter, part, section, paragraph and clause). In this way, Congress (and the president) must follow the same rules and procedures for passing any law. When statutes are repealed, their text is simply deleted from the Code and replaced by a note summarizing what used to be there. Once deleted, the repealed statute no longer has the force of law. All repeals of parts of the US Code are, therefore, express repeals.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1175296", "chunk_text": "Congress\nCongress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different nations, constituent states, organizations trade unions, and political parties), or groups. The term, originally denoting a parley during battle in the Late Middle Ages, is derived from the Latin \"\"congressus\"\". () In the mid-1770s, the term was chosen by the 13 British colonies for the Continental Congress to emphasize the status of each colony represented there as a self-governing entity. Subsequent to the use of \"\"congress\"\" as the name for the legislature of the U.S. federal government (beginning in 1789), the term has been adopted by many nations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14605860", "chunk_text": "\"Implied repeal\"\nthat is because of its 'fundamental constitutional nature'.\"\" Implied repeal The doctrine of implied repeal is a concept in constitutional theory which states that where an Act of Parliament or an Act of Congress (or of some other legislature) conflicts with an earlier one, the later Act takes precedence and the conflicting parts of the earlier Act becomes legally inoperable. This doctrine is expressed in the Latin phrase \"\"\"\"leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant\"\"\"\". Implied repeal is to be contrasted with the express repeal of legislation by the legislative body. Under United States law, \"\"implied repeal\"\" is a disfavored doctrine. That", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3234791", "chunk_text": "Legislator\nthe legislator in the legislature if he or she is unavailable. Venezuela, for example, provides for substitute legislators (\"\"diputado suplente\"\") to be elected under Article 186 of its 1999 constitution. Ecuador and Panama also have substitute legislators. Legislator A legislator (or lawmaker) is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are usually politicians and are often elected by the people of the state. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national (for example, the United States Congress), regional (for example, the National Assembly for Wales), or local (for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19153898", "chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nPowers of the United States Congress Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called \"\"enumerated powers\"\"; others have been assumed to exist and are called \"\"implied powers\"\". Article I of the Constitution sets forth most of the powers of Congress, which include numerous explicit powers enumerated in Section 8. Constitutional amendments have granted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12335745", "chunk_text": "Legislation\nLegislation is regarded as one of the three main functions of government, which are often distinguished under the doctrine of the separation of powers. Those who have the formal power to \"\"create\"\" legislation are known as legislators; a judicial branch of government will have the formal power to \"\"interpret\"\" legislation (see statutory interpretation); the executive branch of government can act only within the powers and limits set by the law. The function and procedures are primarily the responsibility of the legislature. However, there are situations where legislation is made by other bodies or means, such as when constitutional law or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2600887", "chunk_text": "\"Joint resolution\"\nare generally used for, among other things: Joint resolution In the United States Congress, a joint resolution is a legislative measure that requires approval by the Senate and the House and is presented to the president for their approval or disapproval. Generally, there is no legal difference between a joint resolution and a bill. Both must be passed, in exactly the same form, by both chambers of Congress, and signed by the President (or, re-passed in override of a presidential veto; or, remain unsigned for ten days while Congress is in session) to become a law. Only joint resolutions may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9603950", "chunk_text": "\"Legislative veto\"\nLegislative veto The legislative veto describes features of at least two different forms of government, monarchies and those based on the separation of powers, applied to the authority of the monarch in the first and to the authority of the legislature in the second. In the case of monarchy, \"\"legislative veto\"\" describes the right of the ruler to nullify the actions of a legislative body, for example, the French monarch's claim to the right to veto actions of the National Assembly at the start of the French Revolution. In a parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature, it refers to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9368366", "chunk_text": "Lawmaking\nLawmaking Lawmaking is the process of crafting legislation. In its purest sense, it is the basis of governance. This form of law making is also applied in India. It is a process which works in India on the basis of Indian Constitution. Lawmaking in modern democracies is the work of legislatures, which exist at the local, regional, and national levels and make such laws as are appropriate to their level, and binding over those under their jurisdictions. These bodies are influenced by lobbyists, pressure groups, sometimes partisan considerations, but ultimately by the voters who elected them and to which they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10208032", "chunk_text": "\"Slip law\"\nSlip law In the United States, a slip law is an individual Act of Congress which is either a public law (Pub.L.) or a private law (Pvt.L.). They are part of a three-part model for publication of Federal statutes consisting of slip laws, session laws, and codification. Session laws are compiled into the Statutes at Large (Stat.), and codification results in the United States Code (U.S.C.). Public and private laws are prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). At the end of a Congressional session, slip laws are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515752", "chunk_text": "\"Act of Congress\"\nveto). In addition, if the President rejects a bill or resolution while the Congress is in session, a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress is needed for reconsideration to be successful. Promulgation in the sense of publishing and proclaiming the law is accomplished by the President, or the relevant presiding officer in the case of an overridden veto, delivering the act to the Archivist of the United States. After the Archivist receives the Act, he or she provides for its publication as a slip law and in the United States Statutes at Large. Thereafter, the changes are published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7512129", "chunk_text": "Legislator\nLegislator A legislator (or lawmaker) is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are usually politicians and are often elected by the people of the state. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national (for example, the United States Congress), regional (for example, the National Assembly for Wales), or local (for example, local authorities). The political theory of the separation of powers requires legislators to be different individuals from the members of the executive and the judiciary. Certain political systems adhere to this principle, others do not. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14304009", "chunk_text": "\"Article One of the United States Constitution\"\nstates plus the District of Columbia. Article One of the United States Constitution Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress. Under Article One, Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Article One grants Congress various enumerated powers and the ability to pass laws \"\"necessary and proper\"\" to carry out those powers. Article One also establishes the procedures for passing a bill and places various limits on the powers of Congress and the states. Article One's Vesting Clause grants all federal legislative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142941", "chunk_text": "\"Primary and secondary legislation\"\nIn the United Kingdom, and other Commonwealth nations, primary legislation can take a number of different forms: In the United Kingdom, secondary legislation (also referred to as \"\"delegated legislation\"\" or \"\"subordinate legislation\"\") is law made by an executive authority under powers delegated from by an enactment of primary legislation, which grants the executive agency power to implement and administer the requirements of that primary legislation. Forms of secondary legislation in the United Kingdom include: In the United States, primary legislation is, at the federal level, an Act of Congress, and the statute that delegates authority is called an \"\"authorizing statute\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5596895", "chunk_text": "\"Concurrent resolution\"\nthe President for signature and does not have the force of law. In contrast, joint resolutions and bills are presented to the President and, once signed or approved over a veto, are enacted and have the force of law. Concurrent resolutions are generally used to address the sentiments of both chambers or to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses. Examples of concurrent resolutions include: Before the Supreme Court of the United States ended the practice in its decision in \"\"Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha\"\" 462 U.S. 919 (1983), concurrent resolutions were sometimes used to override executive actions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11732378", "chunk_text": "\"Legislative veto\"\nauthority of the upper chamber, like Canada's Senate, to reject legislation or certain prescribed categories of legislation. In the case of representative governments that divide their executive and legislative functions, \"\"legislative veto\"\" refers to the power of a legislature, or one house of a bicameral legislature, to nullify an action of the executive authority. The practice was common for several decades in the United States at the federal level until the Supreme Court ruled the practice unconstitutional in 1983 in \"\"Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha\"\". In Germany, the term refers to the authority of the Federal Council, which represents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270354", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nmight or could have said. Judicial review means that the Supreme Court can nullify a congressional law. It is a huge check by the courts on the legislative authority and limits congressional power substantially. In 1857, for example, the Supreme Court struck down provisions of a congressional act of 1820 in its Dred Scott decision. At the same time, the Supreme Court can extend congressional power through its constitutional interpretations. Investigations are conducted to gather information on the need for future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, and to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7998962", "chunk_text": "\"Reconciliation (United States Congress)\"\nReconciliation (United States Congress) Reconciliation is a legislative process of the United States Congress that allows expedited passage of certain budgetary legislation on spending, revenues, and the federal debt limit with a simple majority vote in both the House (218 votes) and Senate (51 votes). Senate rules prohibit filibustering and impose a 20-hour cap on the total time for debate, motions and amendments related to reconciliation bills. The procedure also exists in the House of Representatives, but the House regularly passes rules that constrain debate and amendments, so reconciliation has had a less significant impact on that body. The process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9993290", "chunk_text": "\"Special legislation\"\nSpecial legislation Special legislation is a legal term of art used in the United States which refers to acts of a state legislature which apply only to part of a class—a particular person, thing, or locale within a given class. \"\"Special legislation\"\" is also preferred as \"\"Local legislation\"\". In most states, if a general law can be enacted, the legislature may not enact a special law, except a local law; and there are certain subjects on which the legislature cannot enact even local law. In some states, whether a law is “special” is determined by the courts; whether a general", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_159	what is the largest bill in american money?	n/a	[ "$100" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040795", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\nUnited States one hundred-dollar bill The United States one hundred-dollar bill ($100) is a denomination of United States currency. The first United States Note with this value was issued in 1862 and the Federal Reserve Note version was launched in 1914, alongside other denominations. Statesman, inventor, diplomat, and American founding father Benjamin Franklin has been featured on the obverse of the bill since 1914. On the reverse of the banknote is an image of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, which has been used since 1928. The $100 bill is the largest denomination that has been printed and circulated since July 13,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7042680", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\nLarge denominations of United States currency Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Large-denomination currency (i.e., banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher) had been used in the United States since the late 18th century. The first $500 note was issued by the Province of North Carolina, authorized by legislation dated May 10, 1780. Virginia quickly followed suit and authorized the printing of $500 and $1,000 notes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6662479", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nUnited States one-dollar bill The United States one-dollar bill ($1) is a denomination of United States currency. An image of the first U.S. President (1789–97), George Washington, based on a painting by Gilbert Stuart, is currently featured on the obverse (front), and the Great Seal of the United States is featured on the reverse (back). The one-dollar bill has the oldest overall design of all U.S. currency currently being produced (The current two-dollar bill obverse design dates from 1928, while the reverse appeared in 1976). The obverse design of the dollar bill seen today debuted in 1963 (the reverse in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040799", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\nStates currency from circulation on July 14, 1969. The one-hundred-dollar bill was the largest denomination left in circulation. All the Federal Reserve Notes produced from \"\"Series 1928\"\" up to before \"\"Series 1969\"\" (i.e. 1928, 1928A, 1934, 1934A, 1934B, 1934C, 1934D, 1950, 1950A, 1950B, 1950C, 1950D, 1950E, 1963, 1966, 1966A) of the $100 denomination added up to $23.1708 billion. Since some banknotes had been destroyed, and the population was 200 million at the time, there was less than one $100 banknote per capita circulating. As of June 30, 1969, the U.S. coins and banknotes in circulation of all denominations were worth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040717", "chunk_text": "\"United States five-dollar bill\"\nUnited States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861-65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a \"\"fin\"\". The term has German/Yiddish roots and is remotely related to the English \"\"five\"\", but it is far less common today than it was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing says the average life of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4400853", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\nbills. Due to their rarity, collectors will sometimes pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world. For the most part, these bills were used by banks and the federal government for large financial transactions. This was especially true for gold certificates from 1865 to 1934. However, for the most part, the introduction of an electronic money system has made large-scale cash transactions obsolete. When combined with concerns about counterfeiting and the use of cash in unlawful activities such as the illegal drug trade and money", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524253", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\n(the last because deceased presidents are pictured on most bills). A \"\"\"\"grand\"\"\"\", sometimes shortened to simply \"\"\"\"G\"\"\"\", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix \"\"\"\"K\"\"\"\" or \"\"\"\"k\"\"\"\" (from \"\"kilo-\"\") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as \"\"$10k\"\" to mean $10,000). However, the $1,000 note is no longer in general use. A \"\"\"\"large\"\"\"\" or \"\"\"\"stack\"\"\"\", it is usually a reference to a multiple of $1,000 (such as \"\"\"\"fifty large\"\"\"\" meaning $50,000). The $100 note is nicknamed \"\"\"\"Benjamin\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"Benji\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"Ben\"\"\"\", or \"\"\"\"Franklin\"\"\"\" (after Benjamin Franklin), \"\"\"\"C-note\"\"\"\" (C being the Roman numeral for 100), \"\"\"\"Century note\"\"\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040722", "chunk_text": "\"United States five-dollar bill\"\nHave a Dream speech and the 1939 concert by opera singer Marian Anderson. \"\"( 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)\"\" \"\"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\"\" United States five-dollar bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. The current $5 bill features the 16th U.S. President (1861-65), Abraham Lincoln's portrait on the front and the Lincoln Memorial on the back. All $5 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. The $5 bill is sometimes nicknamed a \"\"fin\"\". The term has German/Yiddish roots and is remotely related to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7042683", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\nThe series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar. Although they are still technically legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System, due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then. The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. , only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18293846", "chunk_text": "\"United States fifty-dollar bill\"\nUnited States fifty-dollar bill The United States fifty-dollar bill ($50) is a denomination of United States currency. The 18th U.S. President (1869-77), Ulysses S. Grant, is featured on the obverse, while the U.S. Capitol is featured on the reverse. All current-issue $50 bills are Federal Reserve Notes. As of December 2013, the average life of a $50 bill in circulation is 8.5 years, or approximately 102 months, before it is replaced due to wear. Approximately 6% of all notes printed in 2009 were $50 bills. They are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in brown straps. \"\"( 7.4218 × 3.125 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040735", "chunk_text": "\"United States twenty-dollar bill\"\nUnited States twenty-dollar bill The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The seventh U.S. President (1829–1837), Andrew Jackson, has been featured on the front side of the bill since 1928; the White House is featured on the reverse. As of December 2013, the average circulation life of a $20 bill is 7.9 years before it is replaced due to wear. About 11% of all notes printed in 2009 were $20 bills. Twenty-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in violet straps. Andrew Jackson first appeared on the $20 bill in 1928. Although 1928 coincides", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18293847", "chunk_text": "\"United States fifty-dollar bill\"\n≅ 189 × 79 mm)\"\" \"\"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\"\" In 2005, a proposal to put Ronald Reagan's portrait on the $50 bill was put forward, but never went beyond the House Financial Services Committee, even though Republicans controlled the House. In 2010, North Carolina Republican Patrick McHenry introduced another bill to put Reagan's portrait on the $50 bill. United States fifty-dollar bill The United States fifty-dollar bill ($50) is a denomination of United States currency. The 18th U.S. President (1869-77), Ulysses S. Grant, is featured on the obverse, while the U.S. Capitol is featured on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040798", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\non October 8, 2013. The new bill costs 12.6 cents to produce and has a blue ribbon woven into the center of the currency with \"\"100\"\" and Liberty Bells, alternating, that appear when the bill is tilted. The $100 bill comprises 77% of all US currency in circulation, although according to former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, more than two-thirds of all $100 notes are held outside the United States. \"\"( 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)\"\" \"\"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 157 × 66 mm)\"\" The Federal Reserve announced the removal of large denominations of United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040801", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\nuse of electronic means to conduct high-value transactions today has made large-scale physical cash transactions obsolete and therefore, from the government's point of view, unnecessary for the conduct of legitimate business. Quoting T. Allison, Assistant to the Board of the Federal Reserve System in his October 8, 1998 testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Committee on Banking and Financial Services: United States one hundred-dollar bill The United States one hundred-dollar bill ($100) is a denomination of United States currency. The first United States Note with this value was issued in 1862 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10725513", "chunk_text": "\"Salmon P. Chase\"\nUnited States $10,000 bill, the largest denomination of U.S. currency to publicly circulate. The bill was last printed in 1945. In 1969, the Federal Reserve began withdrawing high-denomination bills from circulation and as of 2009 only 336 $10,000 bills had not been returned for destruction. Chase County, Kansas, and Chase City, Virginia, are named in his honor. Chasevilles in Florida, Massachusetts, North Carolina (which only lasted from 1868 to 1871), New York, Ohio, and Tennessee were also named for him. Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and Chase Hall, the main barracks and dormitory at the United States Coast Guard Academy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4400856", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\ntype set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) predates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives. Large denominations of United States currency Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4400855", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\nFederal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today.\"\" Before they were 'retired', host Monty Hall regularly tempted or teased contestants on Let's Make a Deal with a $1,000 bill featuring Grover Cleveland. Ridiculously high denomination bills are sometimes used in fiction, for example the trillion dollar bill possessed by Montgomery Burns in The Simpsons. The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains (among other things) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency. Using a combination of proofs and issued notes, a nearly complete", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040734", "chunk_text": "\"United States ten-dollar bill\"\nof Susan B. Anthony]] [[Category:Alice Paul]] [[Category:Elizabeth Cady Stanton]] United States ten-dollar bill The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The obverse of the bill features the portrait of Alexander Hamilton, who served as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The reverse features the U.S. Treasury Building. All $10 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. As of December 2013, the average life of a $10 bill is 4.5 years, or about 54 months, before it is replaced due to wear. Ten-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in yellow straps. The source", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040727", "chunk_text": "\"United States ten-dollar bill\"\nUnited States ten-dollar bill The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The obverse of the bill features the portrait of Alexander Hamilton, who served as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The reverse features the U.S. Treasury Building. All $10 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes. As of December 2013, the average life of a $10 bill is 4.5 years, or about 54 months, before it is replaced due to wear. Ten-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in yellow straps. The source of the portrait on the $10 bill is John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105226", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nobverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of Thomas Jefferson to left and wording in the entire center. The reverse featured a World War I battleship. Beginning in the 1950s, production of $2 bills began to decrease. The relative scarcity of the bills led some to start saving any they found, with the inevitable result that the notes became rarer in circulation. Currently, the circulation of $2 bills accounts for around 1% of the U.S. currency in circulation. \"\"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\"\" In 1928, when all U.S. currency was changed to its current size,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9848210", "chunk_text": "\"100 (number)\"\none pound sterling is one hundred pence. The 100 Euro banknotes feature a picture of a Rococo gateway on the obverse and a Baroque bridge on the reverse. The U.S. hundred-dollar bill has Benjamin Franklin's portrait; the \"\"Benjamin\"\" is the largest U.S. bill in print. American savings bonds of $100 have Thomas Jefferson's portrait, while American $100 treasury bonds have Andrew Jackson's portrait. One hundred is also: 100 (number) 100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: Ⅽ) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. In medieval contexts, it may be described as the short hundred or five score in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18293792", "chunk_text": "\"United States twenty-dollar bill\"\nthe next redesigned bill will be the ten-dollar bill, not set to be released into circulation until at least 2026. Because of this, it appears that a redesigned twenty-dollar bill featuring Tubman might not be released until years after the original 2020 release date. United States twenty-dollar bill The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The seventh U.S. President (1829–1837), Andrew Jackson, has been featured on the front side of the bill since 1928; the White House is featured on the reverse. As of December 2013, the average circulation life of a $20 bill is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16271120", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of the United States dollar\"\nlast printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill the largest denomination banknote in circulation. A $1 note was added in 1963 to replace the $1 Silver Certificate after that type of currency had been discontinued. Since United States Notes were discontinued in 1971, Federal Reserve Notes are the only type of currency circulating in the US. In 1976, a $2 note was added, 10 years after the $2 denomination of United States Note was officially discontinued. The denomination proved to be unpopular and is now treated as a curiosity, although it is still being printed. Starting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4808256", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States dollar\"\n(156 mm) long, and 0.0043 inches (0.109 mm) thick. A single bill weighs about fifteen and a half grains (one gram) and costs approximately 4.2 cents for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to produce. Microprinting and security threads were introduced in the 1991 currency series. Another series started in 1996 with the $100 note, adding the following changes: Annual releases of the 1996 series followed. The $50 note June 12, 1997, introduced a large dark numeral with a light background on the back of the note to make it easier for people to identify the denomination. The $20 note", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524239", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\nAs of June 27, 2018, there are approximately $1.67 trillion in circulation, of which $1.62 trillion is in Federal Reserve notes (the remaining $50 billion is in the form of coins). Article I, of the U.S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power \"\"To coin money\"\". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at . Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as \"\"legal tender\"\" in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20898108", "chunk_text": "Seigniorage\nis intimately tied in with large value banknotes. One purpose of using foreign currency is for store of value, but another is efficiency of private transactions, some of which are illegal. American currency has been circulating globally for most of the 20th century. Certainly in World War II, the amount of currency in circulation was increased several fold. However, the modern era of huge printings of the United States one hundred-dollar bill started with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Production was quadrupled with the first ever trillion dollar printing of this bill. As of the end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040796", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\n1969, when the denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 were retired. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing says the average life of a $100 bill in circulation is 90 months (7.5 years) before it is replaced due to wear and tear. The bills are also commonly referred to as \"\"Bens,\"\" \"\"Benjamins,\"\" or \"\"Franklins,\"\" in reference to the use of Benjamin Franklin's portrait on the denomination, or as \"\"C-Notes,\"\" based on the Roman numeral for 100. The bill is one of two denominations printed today that does not feature a President of the United States; the other is the $10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239016", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nUnited States two-dollar bill The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The portrait of the third President of the United States (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting \"\"Declaration of Independence\"\" by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or \"\"Coin\"\" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6141747", "chunk_text": "\"Series (United States currency)\"\nat its own convenience. National currency, issued and unissued, has a series date (corresponding to when the design was last changed) and a release date. The first series printed by the Federal Reserve was Series 1914. It contained a $5 bill with Abraham Lincoln, a $10 bill with Andrew Jackson, and a $20 bill with Grover Cleveland, all of which were large-sized notes. The next series was Series 1918, which had large-sized notes in denominations from $50 to $10,000. The portraits were the same as the ones mentioned in United States dollar with one exception; the $1000 bill had Alexander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11453274", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\nand \"\"\"\"bones\"\"\"\" in plural (e.g. \"\"\"\"twenty bones\"\"\"\" is equal to $20). The newer designs, with portraits displayed in the main body of the obverse (rather than in cameo insets), upon paper color-coded by denomination, are sometimes referred to as \"\"\"\"bigface\"\"\"\" notes or \"\"Monopoly money\"\". \"\"\"\"Piastre\"\"\"\" was the original French word for the U.S. dollar, used for example in the French text of the Louisiana Purchase. Calling the dollar a piastre is still common among the speakers of Cajun French and New England French. Modern French uses \"\"dollar\"\" for this unit of currency as well. The term is still used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4808255", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States dollar\"\nnotes of varying denominations are the same colors: predominantly black ink with green highlights on the front, and predominantly green ink on the back. Federal Reserve notes were printed in the same colors for most of the 20th century, although older bills called \"\"silver certificates\"\" had blue highlights on the front, and \"\"United States notes\"\" had red highlights on the front. In 1928, sizing of the bills was standardized (involving a 25% reduction in their current sizes, compared to the older, larger notes nicknamed \"\"horse blankets\"\"). Modern U.S. currency, regardless of denomination, is 2.61 inches (66.3 mm) wide, 6.14 inches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040800", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\n$50.936 billion of which $4.929 billion was circulating overseas. So the currency and coin circulating within the United States was $230 per capita. Since 1969, the demand for U.S. currency has greatly increased. The total amount of circulating currency and coin passed one trillion dollars in March 2011. Despite the degradation in the value of the U.S. $100 banknote (which was worth more in 1969 than a U.S. $500 note would be worth today), and despite competition from some more valuable foreign notes (most notably, the 500 euro banknote), there are no plans to re-issue banknotes above $100. The widespread", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16271118", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of the United States dollar\"\n$100 and $1,000. $50 and $500 notes were introduced in 1891. The $1,000 note from 1890 is currently the most expensive note ever, having sold for $3.2 million. After the Federal Reserve system was created in 1914, alongside Federal Reserve Notes, which are liabilities of the Federal Reserve System as a whole, Federal Reserve Bank Notes were issued. They were liabilities of only the Federal Reserve Bank which issued them. In 1929, like other kinds of notes they switched to small size. They were discontinued in 1934 and no longer available from banks since 1945. They were first issued in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18055456", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\ndesign. The oval containing George Washington is propped up by bunches of bay laurel leaves. To the left of George Washington is the Federal Reserve District seal. The name of the Federal Reserve Bank that issued the note encircles a capital letter (A–L), identifying it among the twelve Federal Reserve Banks. The sequential number of the bank (1: A, 2: B, etc.) is also displayed in the four corners of the open space on the bill. Until the redesign of the higher denominations of currency beginning in 1996, this seal was found on all denominations of Federal Reserve notes. Since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4400849", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\non October 16, 1780 and $2,000 notes on May 7, 1781. High-denomination treasury notes were issued, for example during the War of 1812 ($1,000 notes authorized by an act dated June 30, 1812). During the American Civil War Confederate currency included $500 and $1,000 notes. During the federal banknote issuing period (1861 to present), the earliest high-denomination notes included three-year Interest-bearing notes of $500, $1,000, and $5,000, authorized by Congress on July 17, 1861. In total, 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high-denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates. The obverse of United States banknotes generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6662501", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nthen it is only present on the $1 and $2 notes, with the higher denominations only displaying a universal Federal Reserve System seal, and the bank letter and number beneath the upper left serial number. To the right of George Washington is the Treasury Department seal The scales represent justice. The chevron with thirteen stars represents the original thirteen colonies. The key below the chevron represents authority and trust; 1789 is the year that the Department of the Treasury was established. The series 1969 dollar bills were the first to use a simplified Treasury seal, with the wording in English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1188337", "chunk_text": "\"Liberty Head double eagle\"\nits run to be melted or placed in bank vaults. Many of the latter have now been repatriated to feed the demand from collectors and those who desire to hold gold. Under the Mint Act of 1792, the largest-denomination coin was the gold eagle, or ten-dollar piece. Also struck were a half eagle ($5) and quarter eagle ($2.50). Bullion flowed out of the United States for economic reasons for much of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The eagle's size made it convenient for use in international transactions, and, faced with the likelihood that most being struck were exported,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9330165", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\na variety of pegs to gold were put in place, eventually culminating in a sudden end, on August 15, 1971, to the convertibility of dollars to gold later dubbed the Nixon Shock. The last peg was $42.22 per ounce before the U.S. dollar was allowed to freely float on currency markets. According to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the largest note it ever printed was the $100,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934. These notes were printed from December 18, 1934, through January 9, 1935, and were issued by the Treasurer of the United States to Federal Reserve Banks only against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524254", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\nor \"\"\"\"bill\"\"\"\" (e.g. \"\"\"\"two bills\"\"\"\" being $200). The $50 note is occasionally called a \"\"\"\"yardstick\"\"\"\" or a \"\"\"\"grant\"\"\"\" (after President Ulysses S. Grant, pictured on the obverse). The $20 note is referred to as a \"\"\"\"double sawbuck\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"Jackson\"\"\"\" (after Andrew Jackson), or \"\"double eagle\"\". The $10 note is referred to as a \"\"\"\"sawbuck\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"ten-spot\"\"\"\" or \"\"\"\"Hamilton\"\"\"\" (after Alexander Hamilton). The $5 note as \"\"\"\"Lincoln\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"fin\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"fiver\"\"\"\" or \"\"\"\"five-spot\"\"\"\". The infrequently-used $2 note is sometimes called \"\"\"\"deuce\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"Tom\"\"\"\", or \"\"\"\"Jefferson\"\"\"\" (after Thomas Jefferson). The $1 note as a \"\"\"\"single\"\"\"\" or \"\"\"\"buck\"\"\"\". The dollar has also been referred to as a \"\"\"\"bone\"\"\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4400854", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\nlaundering, it is unlikely that the U.S. government will reissue large denomination currency in the near future, despite the amount of inflation that has occurred since 1969 (a $100 bill is now worth less, in real terms, than a $20 bill was worth in 1969). According to the U.S. Department of Treasury website, \"\"The present denominations of our currency in production are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The purpose of the United States currency system is to serve the needs of the public and these denominations meet that goal. Neither the Department of the Treasury nor the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597330", "chunk_text": "\"Counterfeit United States currency\"\nbill, including the portrait of Grover Cleveland. Another incident involving similar notes bearing a denomination each of $500,000,000, occurred in Chiasso, Switzerland in June 2009. In the United States, counterfeiters in small operations develop the fake currency using tools which often include; printers, an iron, and green colored water. Upon collecting bills, the Federal Reserve checks all notes, destroying any whose appearance fails to fit that of a federal bill. Counterfeit United States currency Counterfeiting of the currency of the United States is widely attempted. According to the United States Department of Treasury, an estimated $70 million in counterfeit bills", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19228997", "chunk_text": "\"National Bank Act\"\ngovernment as well as the ability of the government to give out specie in exchange for the bills in the future. Many thought this promise backing the bills was about as good as the green ink printed on one side, hence the name \"\"greenbacks.\"\" The Second Legal Tender Act, enacted July 11, 1862, a Joint Resolution of Congress, and the Third Legal Tender Act, enacted March 3, 1863, expanded the limit to $450 million. The largest amount of greenbacks outstanding at any one time was calculated as $447,300,203.10. The National Banking Act (ch. 58, ; February 25, 1863), originally known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20898110", "chunk_text": "Seigniorage\nare in circulation outside of the country\"\". However, these assertions are contradicted by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors Flow of Funds statistics which show that at the end of March 2009, only $313 billion (36.7%) of U.S. currency was held abroad. Feige calculates that since 1964, \"\"the cumulative seigniorage earnings accruing to the U.S. by virtue of the currency held by foreigners amounted to $167–$185 billion and over the past two decades seigniorage revenues from foreigners have averaged $6–$7 billion dollars per year\"\". The American $100 bill has some competition, primarily from the €500 note. The larger value of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040719", "chunk_text": "\"United States five-dollar bill\"\nThe new $5 bills remain the same size and use the same—but enhanced—portraits and historical images. The most noticeable difference is the light-purple coloring of the center of the bill, which blends into gray near the edges. Similar to the recently redesigned $10, $20, $50, and $100 bills, the new $5 bill features an American symbol of freedom printed in the background: The Great Seal of the United States, featuring an eagle and shield, is printed in purple to the right of the portrait and an arc of purple stars surround both it and the portrait. When the Lincoln Memorial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10325132", "chunk_text": "\"Where's George?\"\nbill, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations can be tracked. The $1 bill is by far the most popular denomination, accounting for over 70% of bills with \"\"hits\"\" (explained below), followed by $20 bills, and the $5 bill a close third. , the site says more than 284,000,000 bills, with a total face value of more than $1.50 billion, have been entered into the site database. To track a bill, users enter their local ZIP code, the serial number of the bill, and series designation of any US currency denomination. Users outside the US also can participate by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524247", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\ndollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The \"\"large-sized notes\"\" issued before 1928 measured ; small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure . When the current, smaller sized U.S. currency was introduced it was referred to as \"\"Philippine-sized currency\"\" because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its legal currency, the Philippine peso. In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as \"\"Joachimstalers\"\", named for Joachimstal, the valley where the silver was mined. The German word for valley is \"\"thal\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "306227", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Reserve Note\"\non the now obsolete $10,000 bill), and Benjamin Franklin (a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution, who appears on the $100 bill). In 2016, the Treasury announced a number of design changes to the $5, $10 and $20 bills; to be introduced over the next ten years. The redesigns include: After an unsuccessful attempt in the proposed Legal Tender Modernization Act of 2001, the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009 required that none of the funds set aside for either the Treasury or the Bureau of Engraving and Printing may be used to redesign the $1 bill.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524237", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\nUnited States dollar The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its territories per the United States Constitution since 1792. In practice, the dollar is divided into 100 smaller cent (¢) units, but is occasionally divided into 1000 mills (₥) for accounting. The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars (). Since the suspension in 1971 of convertibility of paper U.S. currency into any precious metal, the U.S. dollar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2929036", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nof Congress. Below the reverse of the Great Seal on the left side of the bill are the words \"\"THE GREAT SEAL,\"\" and below the obverse on the right side are the words \"\"OF THE UNITED STATES.\"\" The Great Seal, originally designed in 1782 and added to the dollar bill's design in 1935, is surrounded by an elaborate floral design. The renderings used were the typical official government versions used since the 1880s. The reverse of the seal on the left features a barren landscape dominated by an unfinished pyramid of 13 steps, topped by the Eye of Providence within", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12116434", "chunk_text": "\"Half dollar (United States coin)\"\nHalf dollar (United States coin) The half dollar, sometimes referred to as the half for short, is a United States coin worth 50 cents, one-half of a dollar, and is the largest United States circulating coin currently produced in both size and weight, being 1.205 inches (30.61 mm) in diameter and .085 inches (2.15 mm) in thickness, and is twice the weight of the quarter. The current half dollar, the Kennedy half dollar, depicts the profile of President John F. Kennedy on the obverse and the Seal of the President of the United States on the reverse, but the design", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_160	where are unipolar neurons found in spinal cord?	n/a	[ "the distal dorsal root" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718768", "chunk_text": "\"Unipolar neuron\"\nvery complex set of connections with other neurites, in regions of neuropil. Unipolar brush cells are neurons specific to the cerebellum and the granule region of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In all species, including vertebrates and invertebrates, many types of primary sensory neurons are pseudounipolar. Typically these have special structures for transducing some type of physical stimulus (light, sound, temperature, etc.) into electrical activity, no dendrites, and a single axon that conveys the resulting signals into the spinal cord or brain. Unipolar neuron A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718767", "chunk_text": "\"Unipolar neuron\"\nUnipolar neuron A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from the cell body. Most neurons are multipolar, generating several dendrites and an axon and there are also many bipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons that begin as bipolar neurons during development are known as pseudounipolar neurons. Unipolar neurons are common in insects, where the cell body is often located at the periphery of the brain and is electrically inactive. These cell bodies often send a single neurite into the brain; however, this neurite may ramify into a large number of branches making a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4700452", "chunk_text": "\"Dorsal root ganglion\"\nDorsal root ganglion A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion) (also known as a posterior root ganglion), is a cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The cell bodies of sensory neurons known as first-order neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. The axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons are known as afferents. In the peripheral nervous system, afferents refer to the axons that relay sensory information into the central nervous system (i.e. the brain and the spinal cord). These neurons are of the pseudo-unipolar type, meaning they have an axon with two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117171", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nSpinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8032353", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal interneuron\"\ninto the contralateral spinal cord. At that location, the interneuron excites the alpha motor neurons that innervate the extensor muscles of the opposite leg. This allows for balance and body posture to be maintained. Spinal interneuron A spinal interneuron, found in the spinal cord, relays signals between (afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons. Different classes of spinal interneurons are involved in the process of sensory-motor integration. Most interneurons are found in the grey column, a region of grey matter in the spinal cord. The grey column of the spinal cord appears to have groups of small neurons, often referred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5150610", "chunk_text": "\"Pseudounipolar neuron\"\nnuclei in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway of the spinal cord. Pseudounipolar neuron A pseudounipolar neuron (\"\"pseudo\"\" – false, \"\"uni\"\" – one) is a kind of sensory neuron in the peripheral nervous system. This neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch runs to the periphery and the other to the spinal cord. By definition, a pseudounipolar neuron has one axon with two branches: central and peripheral. These axonal branches should not be confused with dendrites. These sensory neurons are an exception to the typical neuron, in that they do not have separate dendrites and an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17723812", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nfrom the cerebral cortex and from primitive brainstem motor nuclei. Cortical upper motor neurons originate from Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 and then descend in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, through the crus cerebri, down through the pons, and to the medullary pyramids, where about 90% of the axons cross to the contralateral side at the decussation of the pyramids. They then descend as the lateral corticospinal tract. These axons synapse with lower motor neurons in the ventral horns of all levels of the spinal cord. The remaining 10% of axons descend on the ipsilateral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8032337", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal interneuron\"\nSpinal interneuron A spinal interneuron, found in the spinal cord, relays signals between (afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons. Different classes of spinal interneurons are involved in the process of sensory-motor integration. Most interneurons are found in the grey column, a region of grey matter in the spinal cord. The grey column of the spinal cord appears to have groups of small neurons, often referred to as spinal interneurons, that are neither primary sensory cells nor motor neurons. The versatile properties of these spinal interneurons cover a wide range of activities. Their functions include the processing of sensory input,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117200", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nBelow L2, the proprioceptive information travels up the spinal cord in the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Also known as the anterior spinocerebellar tract, sensory receptors take in the information and travel into the spinal cord. The cell bodies of these primary neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. In the spinal cord, the axons synapse and the secondary neuronal axons decussates and then travel up to the superior cerebellar peduncle where they decussate again. From here, the information is brought to deep nuclei of the cerebellum including the fastigial and interposed nuclei. From the levels of L2 to T1, proprioceptive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5150608", "chunk_text": "\"Pseudounipolar neuron\"\nThe axon has a peripheral branch (from the cell body to the periphery: skin, joint and muscle) and a central branch (from the cell body to spinal cord). The soma (cell body) of each pseudounipolar neuron is located within a dorsal root ganglion. The axon leaves the cell body (and out of the dorsal root ganglion) into the dorsal root, where it splits into two branches. The central branch goes to the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, where it forms synapses with other neurons. The peripheral branch travels through the distal dorsal root into the spinal nerve all the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270709", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal canal\"\nSpinal canal The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in the vertebral column formed by the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid mater which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer, the pia mater. The meninges divide the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5150607", "chunk_text": "\"Pseudounipolar neuron\"\nPseudounipolar neuron A pseudounipolar neuron (\"\"pseudo\"\" – false, \"\"uni\"\" – one) is a kind of sensory neuron in the peripheral nervous system. This neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch runs to the periphery and the other to the spinal cord. By definition, a pseudounipolar neuron has one axon with two branches: central and peripheral. These axonal branches should not be confused with dendrites. These sensory neurons are an exception to the typical neuron, in that they do not have separate dendrites and an axonal process, but rather one branched process that serves both functions.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117182", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nspinal nerves originating in the upper lumbar region. Within the CNS, nerve cell bodies are generally organized into functional clusters, called nuclei. Axons within the CNS are grouped into tracts. There are 31 spinal cord nerve segments in a human spinal cord: In the fetus, vertebral segments correspond with spinal cord segments. However, because the vertebral column grows longer than the spinal cord, spinal cord segments do not correspond to vertebral segments in the adult, particularly in the lower spinal cord. For example, lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments are found between vertebral levels T9 and L2, and the spinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "596055", "chunk_text": "\"Spinocerebellar tract\"\nSpinocerebellar tract The spinocerebellar tract is a nerve tract originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the same side (ipsilateral) of the cerebellum. Proprioceptive information is obtained by Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles. All of these neurons are sensory (first order, or primary) and have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. They pass through rexed laminae layers I-VI of the posterior grey column (dorsal horn) to form synapses with second order or secondary neurons in layer VII just beneath the dorsal horn. The tract is divided into: The sensory neurons synapse in an area known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1007088", "chunk_text": "\"Nucleus proprius of spinal cord\"\nNucleus proprius of spinal cord The nucleus proprius is a layer of the spinal cord adjacent to the substantia gelatinosa. The nucleus proprius can be found in the gray matter in all levels of the spinal cord. It constitutes the first synapse of the spinothalamic tract carrying pain and temperature sensations from peripheral nerves. Cells in this nucleus project to deeper laminae of the spinal cord, to the posterior column nuclei, and to other supraspinal relay centers including the midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Rexed laminae III, IV, and V make up the nucleus proprius. The nucleus proprius (NP), along with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117198", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nbe divided into two different groups: the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior cortical spinal tract. The lateral tract contains upper motor neuronal axons which synapse on dorsal lateral (DL) lower motor neurons. The DL neurons are involved in distal limb control. Therefore, these DL neurons are found specifically only in the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements within the spinal cord. There is no decussation in the lateral corticospinal tract after the decussation at the medullary pyramids. The anterior corticospinal tract descends ipsilaterally in the anterior column, where the axons emerge and either synapse on lower ventromedial (VM) motor neurons in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117180", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nthe demarcation between the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grey column, (as three regions of grey columns) in the center of the cord, is shaped like a butterfly and consists of cell bodies of interneurons, motor neurons, neuroglia cells and unmyelinated axons. The anterior and posterior grey column present as projections of the grey matter and are also known as the horns of the spinal cord. Together, the grey columns and the gray commissure form the \"\"grey H.\"\" The white matter is located outside of the grey matter and consists almost totally of myelinated motor and sensory axons. \"\"Columns\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2587827", "chunk_text": "\"Motor neuron\"\nMotor neuron A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. There are two types of motor neuron – upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Axons from upper motor neurons synapse onto interneurons in the spinal cord and occasionally directly onto lower motor neurons. The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8032340", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal interneuron\"\nmost of the interneurons are found. In the mouse's dorsal alar plate, six progenitor domains give rise to dI1-dI6 neurons and two classes of dorsal interneurons. In addition, in the ventral half of the neural tube, four classes of (CPG) interneurons known as V0, V1, V2, and V3 neurons are generated. V0 neurons are commissural neurons that extend their axons rostrally for 2-4 spinal cord regions in the embryonic spinal cord. V3 neurons are excitatory commissural interneurons that extend caudally projecting primary axons. The V1 neurons are inhibitory interneurons with axons that project ipsilaterraly and rostrally. V2 neurons, which include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3090488", "chunk_text": "\"Intermediolateral nucleus\"\nIntermediolateral nucleus The intermediolateral nucleus (IML) is a region of grey matter found in one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord, the lateral grey column. This is Rexed lamina VII. The intermediolateral cell column exists at vertebral levels T1 – L2 and mediates the entire sympathetic innervation of the body, but the nucleus resides in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis (Clarke's column), the intermediolateral nucleus, and the sacral autonomic nucleus. It extends from T1 to L2, and contains the autonomic motor neurons that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17723809", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\ndiffers from the upper limbs and upper trunk. There is a four-neuron pathway for lower limb proprioception. This pathway initially follows the dorsal spino-cerebellar pathway. It is arranged as follows: proprioceptive receptors of lower limb → peripheral process → dorsal root ganglion → central process → Clarke's column → 2nd order neuron → medulla oblogata (Caudate nucleus) → 3rd order neuron → VPLN of thalamus → 4th order neuron → posterior limb of internal capsule → corona radiata → sensory area of cerebrum. The anterolateral system works somewhat differently. Its primary neurons axons enter the spinal cord and then ascend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10936024", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal nerve\"\na mixed nerve, formed from the combination of nerve fibers from its dorsal and ventral roots. The dorsal root is the afferent sensory root and carries sensory information to the brain. The ventral root is the efferent motor root and carries motor information from the brain. The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening (intervertebral foramen) between adjacent vertebrae. This is true for all spinal nerves except for the first spinal nerve pair (C1), which emerges between the occipital bone and the atlas (the first vertebra). Thus the cervical nerves are numbered by the vertebra below, except", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17723822", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nneural elements. The spinal cord ends at the level of vertebrae L1–L2, while the subarachnoid space —the compartment that contains cerebrospinal fluid— extends down to the lower border of S2. Lumbar punctures in adults are usually performed between L3–L5 (cauda equina level) in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord. In the fetus, the spinal cord extends the full length of the spine and regresses as the body grows. Spinal tumours can occur in the spinal cord and these can be either inside (intradural) or outside (extradural) the dura mater. Spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8996720", "chunk_text": "\"Vertebral column\"\nspinal nerves. The spinal nerves provide sympathetic nervous supply to the body, with nerves emerging forming the sympathetic trunk and the splanchnic nerves. The spinal canal follows the different curves of the column; it is large and triangular in those parts of the column which enjoy the greatest freedom of movement, such as the cervical and lumbar regions; and is small and rounded in the thoracic region, where motion is more limited. The spinal cord terminates in the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Spina bifida is a congenital disorder in which there is a defective closure of the vertebral arch.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10675057", "chunk_text": "\"Unipolar brush cell\"\nUnipolar brush cell Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are a class of excitatory glutamatergic interneuron found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and also in the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus. The UBC has a round or oval cell body with usually a single short dendrite that ends in a brush-like tuft of short dendrioles (dendrites unique to UBCs). These brush dendrioles form very large synaptic junctions. The dendritic brush and the large endings of the axonal branches are involved in the formation of cerebellar glomeruli. The UBC has one short dendrite where the granule cell has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8656599", "chunk_text": "\"Onuf's nucleus\"\nparasympathetic, and somatic divisions of the peripheral nervous system. The sympathetic innervation (nerve supply) comes from the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located in the upper lumbar spinal cord along the hypogastric nerve and terminates in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers in the urethra. The parasympathetic nerve supply comes from the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the sacral spinal cord and also terminates in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Finally the somatic nerve supply arises from the urethral sphincter motor neurons in the ventral horn of the sacral spinal cord; better known as Onuf's nucleus. The pudendal nerve that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3910470", "chunk_text": "Axon\nAxon An axon (from Greek ἄξων \"\"áxōn\"\", axis), or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the axons are called afferent nerve fibers and the electrical impulse travels along these from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4914941", "chunk_text": "Peripherin\nlower motor neurons, sensory and motor neurons of the cranial nerves, and autonomic neurons in ganglia and the enteric nervous system. It is also expressed in the central nervous system in a small set of brainstem and spinal cord neurons that have projections toward peripheral structures. Some of these structures include the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, pontine cholinergic nuclei, some cerebellar nuclei, and scattered neurons in the cerebral cortex. They can also be found in the ventral horn neurons and in the cholinergic laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) nuclei. A comparison of peripherin expression in the posterior and lateral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8678892", "chunk_text": "\"Precentral gyrus\"\nthe precentral cortex contains giant (70-100 micrometers) \"\"pyramidal neurons\"\" (a.k.a. \"\"Betz cells\"\"), which send long axons to the contralateral motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and to the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. These axons form the corticospinal tract. The \"\"Betz cells\"\"' along with their long axons are referred to as the upper motor neuron (UMN). There is a precise somatotopic representation of the different body parts in the primary motor cortex, with the leg area located medially (close to the midline), and the head and face area located laterally on the convex side", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3090489", "chunk_text": "\"Intermediolateral nucleus\"\ngive rise to the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system, (preganglionic sympathetic general visceral efferents). Intermediolateral nucleus The intermediolateral nucleus (IML) is a region of grey matter found in one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord, the lateral grey column. This is Rexed lamina VII. The intermediolateral cell column exists at vertebral levels T1 – L2 and mediates the entire sympathetic innervation of the body, but the nucleus resides in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis (Clarke's column), the intermediolateral nucleus, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117177", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nthe arachnoid and the underlying pia mater is called the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can be sampled with a lumbar puncture, or \"\"spinal tap\"\" procedure. The delicate pia mater, the innermost protective layer, is tightly associated with the surface of the spinal cord. The cord is stabilized within the dura mater by the connecting denticulate ligaments, which extend from the enveloping pia mater laterally between the dorsal and ventral roots. The dural sac ends at the vertebral level of the second sacral vertebra. In cross-section, the peripheral region of the cord contains neuronal white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117195", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nthe midbrain. The reticular formation then projects to a number of places including the hippocampus (to create memories about the pain), the centromedian nucleus (to cause diffuse, non-specific pain) and various parts of the cortex. Additionally, some ALS axons project to the periaqueductal gray in the pons, and the axons forming the periaqueductal gray then project to the nucleus raphes magnus, which projects back down to where the pain signal is coming from and inhibits it. This helps control the sensation of pain to some degree. The corticospinal tract serves as the motor pathway for upper motor neuronal signals coming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117197", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nside as the ventral corticospinal tract. These axons also synapse with lower motor neurons in the ventral horns. Most of them will cross to the contralateral side of the cord (via the anterior white commissure) right before synapsing. The midbrain nuclei include four motor tracts that send upper motor neuronal axons down the spinal cord to lower motor neurons. These are the rubrospinal tract, the vestibulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract and the reticulospinal tract. The rubrospinal tract descends with the lateral corticospinal tract, and the remaining three descend with the anterior corticospinal tract. The function of lower motor neurons can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7643881", "chunk_text": "\"Onuf's nucleus\"\nOnuf's nucleus Onuf's nucleus is a distinct group of neurons located in the ventral part (laminae IX) of the anterior horn of the sacral region of the human spinal cord involved in the maintenance of micturition and defecatory continence, as well as muscular contraction during orgasm. It contains motor neurons, and is the origin of the pudendal nerve. The sacral region of the spinal cord is fourth segment (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar being the first three) of vertebrae in the spinal cord which consists of the vertebrae 26-30. While working in New York City in 1899, Bronislaw Onuf-Onufrowicz discovered this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7538930", "chunk_text": "\"Spinoreticular tract\"\nSpinoreticular tract The spinoreticular tract is an ascending pathway in the white matter of the spinal cord, positioned closely to the lateral spinothalamic tract. The tract is from spinal cord—to reticular formation— to thalamus. It is responsible for automatic responses to pain, such as in the case of injury. The spinoreticular tract utilizes four levels of neurons, unlike most ascending tracts which have first- through third-order neurons. The tract begins with first-order neurons, which immediately synapse with second-order neurons in the posterior horn of the spinal column. These neurons decussate to the opposite side (anterolateral), and travel up the spinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117202", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nthe spinal cord via descending spinal cord tracts. Descending tracts involve two neurons: the upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN). A nerve signal travels down the upper motor neuron until it synapses with the lower motor neuron in the spinal cord. Then, the lower motor neuron conducts the nerve signal to the spinal root where efferent nerve fibers carry the motor signal toward the target muscle. The descending tracts are composed of white matter. There are several descending tracts serving different functions. The corticospinal tracts (lateral and anterior) are responsible for coordinated limb movements. A congenital disorder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12213174", "chunk_text": "\"Lateral reticular nucleus\"\nnucleus. The afferent pathways to the LRN come from the spinal cord and higher brain structures. Most of the afferents come from the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord and project exclusively to the parts of the LRN that do not receive input from the cortex. The spinal cord projections terminate mostly in the parvocellular region along with the adjacent magnocellular cells. This implies that most input from the spinal cord is relayed into the vermis. Lateral reticular nucleus The lateral reticular nucleus, of the lateral funiculus, can be divided into three subnuclei, the parvocellular, magnocellular and the \"\"subtrigeminal\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20104659", "chunk_text": "\"Afferent nerve fiber\"\nspine to the muscles. In the CNS, afferent and efferent projections can be from the perspective of any given brain region. That is, each brain region has its own unique set of afferent and efferent projections. In the context of a given brain region, afferents are arriving fibers while efferents are exiting fibers. Afferent neurons' somas are located in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and the axons of these cells travel from ganglion to ganglion and lead back to the spinal cord. The majority of these are unipolar neurons in that they have a single axon leaving the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17638396", "chunk_text": "\"Spinothalamic tract\"\nSpinothalamic tract The spinothalamic tract (also known as anterolateral system or the ventrolateral system) is a sensory pathway from the skin to the thalamus. From the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the thalamus, sensory information is relayed upward to the somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus. The spinothalamic tract consists of two adjacent pathways: anterior and lateral. The anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about crude touch. The lateral spinothalamic tract conveys pain and temperature. In the spinal cord, the spinothalamic tract has somatotopic organization. This is the segmental organization of its cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral components, which is arranged from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18540646", "chunk_text": "Neuromere\nof the spinal cord. The cord is stabilized within the dura mater by the connecting denticulate ligaments, which extend from the enveloping pia mater laterally between the dorsal and ventral roots. The dural sac ends at the vertebral level of the second sacral vertebra. In cross-section, the peripheral region of the cord contains neuronal white matter tracts containing sensory and motor neurons. Internal to this peripheral region is the gray, butterfly-shaped central region made up of nerve cell bodies. This central region surrounds the central canal, which is an anatomic extension of the spaces in the brain known as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12139215", "chunk_text": "\"Autonomic nervous system\"\nneurons” located in the central nervous system. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the spinal cord, at the thorax and upper lumbar levels. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are found in the medulla oblongata where they form visceral motor nuclei; the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve; the nucleus ambiguus, the salivatory nuclei, and in the sacral region of the spinal cord. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions typically function in opposition to each other. But this opposition is better termed complementary in nature rather than antagonistic. For an analogy, one may think of the sympathetic division as the accelerator and the parasympathetic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117191", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nproject into the spinal cord. In the dorsal column-medial leminiscus tract, a primary neuron's axon enters the spinal cord and then enters the dorsal column. If the primary axon enters below spinal level T6, the axon travels in the fasciculus gracilis, the medial part of the column. If the axon enters above level T6, then it travels in the fasciculus cuneatus, which is lateral to the fasciculus gracilis. Either way, the primary axon ascends to the lower medulla, where it leaves its fasciculus and synapses with a secondary neuron in one of the dorsal column nuclei: either the nucleus gracilis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8656594", "chunk_text": "\"Onuf's nucleus\"\ncord is fourth segment (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar being the first three) of vertebrae in the spinal cord which consists of the vertebrae 26-30. This small group of neural cells is located between S1 and S2 or S2 and S3 and although Onuf's nucleus is located primarily in S2, it can extend to the caudal end of the first sacral segment or to the middle part of the third sacral segment. Also, Onuf's nucleus is found almost symmetrically on both sides of the ventral horn. This innervation, or nerve supply, is arranged in a neuropil and averages approximately 300-500 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117186", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nthe neural tube narrows to form the small central canal of the spinal cord. The alar plate and the basal plate are separated by the sulcus limitans. Additionally, the floor plate also secretes netrins. The netrins act as chemoattractants to decussation of pain and temperature sensory neurons in the alar plate across the anterior white commissure, where they then ascend towards the thalamus. Following the closure of the caudal neuropore and formation of the brain's ventricles that contain the choroid plexus tissue, the central canal of the caudal spinal cord is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Earlier findings by Viktor Hamburger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19270867", "chunk_text": "\"Lateral spinothalamic tract\"\nthe three grey columns). Together with the anterior spinothalamic tract, the lateral spinothalamic tract is sometimes termed the \"\"secondary sensory fasciculus\"\" or \"\"spinal lemniscus\"\". The neurons of the lateral spinothalamic tract originate in the spinal dorsal root ganglia. They project peripheral processes to the tissues in the form of free nerve endings which are sensitive to molecules indicative of cell damage. The central processes enter the spinal cord in an area at the back of the posterior horn known as the posterolateral tract. Here, the processes ascend approximately two levels before synapsing on second-order neurons. These secondary neurons are situated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772946", "chunk_text": "Dendrite\nto a dendrite, or dendrodendritic, involving signaling between dendrites. An autapse is a synapse in which the axon of one neuron transmits signals to its own dendrites. There are three main types of neurons; multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. Multipolar neurons, such as the one shown in the image, are composed of one axon and many dendritic trees. Pyramidal cells are multipolar cortical neurons with pyramid shaped cell bodies and large dendrites called apical dendrites that extend to the surface of the cortex. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendritic tree at opposing ends of the cell body. Unipolar neurons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6669615", "chunk_text": "Neuromere\nspinal cord segments are found between vertebral levels T9 and L2, and the spinal cord ends around the L1/L2 vertebral level, forming a structure known as the conus medullaris. Although the spinal cord cell bodies end around the L1/L2 vertebral level, the spinal nerves for each segment exit at the level of the corresponding vertebra. For the nerves of the lower spinal cord, this means that they exit the vertebral column much lower (more caudally) than their roots. As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117173", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nis also the location of groups of spinal interneurons that make up the neural circuits known as central pattern generators. These circuits are responsible for controlling motor instructions for rhythmic movements such as walking. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous extension known as the filum terminale. It is about long in men and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19117176", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nbodies are found in the ventral (or anterior) gray horns of the spinal cord. The spinal cord (and brain) are protected by three layers of tissue or membranes called meninges, that surround the canal . The dura mater is the outermost layer, and it forms a tough protective coating. Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is filled with adipose tissue, and it contains a network of blood vessels. The arachnoid mater, the middle protective layer, is named for its open, spiderweb-like appearance. The space between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17723791", "chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nis made of 31 segments from which branch one pair of sensory nerve roots and one pair of motor nerve roots. The nerve roots then merge into bilaterally symmetrical pairs of spinal nerves. The peripheral nervous system is made up of these spinal roots, nerves, and ganglia. The dorsal roots are afferent fascicles, receiving sensory information from the skin, muscles, and visceral organs to be relayed to the brain. The roots terminate in dorsal root ganglia, which are composed of the cell bodies of the corresponding neurons. Ventral roots consist of efferent fibers that arise from motor neurons whose cell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_161	what are the parts of a domain name called?	n/a	[ "subdomain", "top-level domain", "hostname" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300577", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nof registering a domain name and maintaining authority over the new name space created, registrars use several key pieces of information connected with a domain: A domain name consists of one or more labels, each of which is formed from the set of ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, -), but not starting or ending with a hyphen. The labels are case-insensitive; for example, 'label' is equivalent to 'Label' or 'LABEL'. In the textual representation of a domain name, the labels are separated by a full stop (period). Domain names are often seen in analogy to real estate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3169615", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nAuthority over the new zone is said to be \"\"delegated\"\" to a designated name server. The parent zone ceases to be authoritative for the new zone. The definitive descriptions of the rules for forming domain names appear in RFC 1035, RFC 1123, and RFC 2181. A domain name consists of one or more parts, technically called \"\"labels\"\", that are conventionally concatenated, and delimited by dots, such as example.com. The right-most label conveys the top-level domain; for example, the domain name www.example.com belongs to the top-level domain \"\"com\"\". The hierarchy of domains descends from right to left; each label to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247904", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nDomain name A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name represents an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, a server computer hosting a web site, or the web site itself or any other service communicated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300567", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nin the tree holds information associated with the domain name. The tree sub-divides into \"\"zones\"\" beginning at the DNS root zone. A domain name consists of one or more parts, technically called \"\"labels\"\", that are conventionally concatenated, and delimited by dots, such as \"\"example.com\"\". The top-level domains (TLDs) such as com, net and org are the highest level of domain names of the Internet. Top-level domains form the DNS root zone of the hierarchical Domain Name System. Every domain name ends with a top-level domain label. When the Domain Name System was devised in the 1980s, the domain name space", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6862012", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nonly the implied function. Modern technology allows multiple physical servers with either different (cf. load balancing) or even identical addresses (cf. anycast) to serve a single hostname or domain name, or multiple domain names to be served by a single computer. The latter is very popular in Web hosting service centers, where service providers host the websites of many organizations on just a few servers. The hierarchical DNS labels or components of domain names are separated in a fully qualified name by the full stop (dot, \"\".\"\"). The character set allowed in the Domain Name System is based on ASCII", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6862020", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nhyphens in the domain name. For instance, Experts Exchange, a programmers' discussion site, for a long time used \"\"expertsexchange.com\"\", but ultimately changed the name to \"\"experts-exchange.com\"\". The domain name is a component of a uniform resource locator (URL) used to access web sites, for example: A domain name may point to multiple IP addresses to provide server redundancy for the services offered, a feature that is used to manage the traffic of large, popular web sites. Web hosting services, on the other hand, run servers that are typically assigned only one or a few addresses while serving websites for many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4714462", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nassociated with the domain name. The domain name itself consists of the label, possibly concatenated with the name of its parent node on the right, separated by a dot. The tree sub-divides into \"\"zones\"\" beginning at the root zone. A DNS zone may consist of only one domain, or may consist of many domains and sub-domains, depending on the administrative choices of the zone manager. DNS can also be partitioned according to \"\"class\"\" where the separate classes can be thought of as an array of parallel namespace trees. Administrative responsibility for any zone may be divided by creating additional zones.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15095653", "chunk_text": "\"Fully qualified domain name\"\nFully qualified domain name A fully qualified domain name (FQDN), sometimes also referred to as an \"\"absolute domain name\"\", is a domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS). It specifies all domain levels, including at least a second-level domain and a top-level domain. A fully qualified domain name is distinguished by its lack of ambiguity: it can be interpreted only in one way. The DNS root domain is unnamed which is expressed by having an empty label in the DNS hierarchy, resulting in a fully qualified domain name ending with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527571", "chunk_text": "\"Top-level domain\"\nTop-level domain A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which operates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247931", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nspecifically set aside by IANA in RFC 2606 for such use, along with the \"\".example\"\" TLD. Domain names used in works of fiction have often been registered in the DNS, either by their creators or by cybersquatters attempting to profit from it. This phenomenon prompted NBC to purchase the domain name Hornymanatee.com after talk-show host Conan O'Brien spoke the name while ad-libbing on his show. O'Brien subsequently created a website based on the concept and used it as a running gag on the show. Domain name A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7091937", "chunk_text": "\"Fully qualified domain address\"\nFully qualified domain address A fully qualified domain address (FQDA) is a string forming an Internet e-mail address. It was defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 3801 for the use in voice profiles for Internet mail, but has been used on the Internet as early as 1988. A FQDA is composed of a \"\"local part\"\", followed by the symbol @ and the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the host responsible for a mailbox. An example of a FQDA is: localpart@mailhost.example.com. The local part usually denotes a username, while the fully qualified domain name is used by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247905", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nvia the Internet. In 2017, 330.6 million domain names had been registered. Domain names are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, info, net, edu, and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users who wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, create other publicly accessible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247906", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nInternet resources or run web sites. The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is a domain name that is completely specified with all labels in the hierarchy of the DNS, having no parts omitted. Labels in the Domain Name System are case-insensitive, and may therefore be written in any desired capitalization method, but most commonly domain names are written in lowercase in technical contexts. Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services, with a text-based label", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14742743", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nDomain Name System The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently, it translates more readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. By providing a worldwide, distributed directory service, the Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985. The Domain Name System delegates the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300564", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nfrom its domain name. Domain names are used to establish a unique identity. Organizations can choose a domain name that corresponds to their name, helping Internet users to reach them easily. A generic domain is a name that defines a general category, rather than a specific or personal instance, for example, the name of an industry, rather than a company name. Some examples of generic names are \"\"books.com\"\", \"\"music.com\"\", and \"\"travel.info\"\". Companies have created brands based on generic names, and such generic domain names may be valuable Domain names are often simply referred to as \"\"domains\"\" and domain name registrants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1388516", "chunk_text": ".name\n.name The domain name is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is intended for use by individuals for representation of their personal name, nicknames, screen names, pseudonyms, or other types of identification labels. The top-level domain was founded by Hakon Haugnes and Geir Rasmussen and initially delegated to Global Name Registry in 2001, and become fully operational in January 2002. Verisign was the outsourced operator for .name since the .name launch in 2002 and acquired Global Name Registry in 2008. Subdomains of \"\"name\"\" may be registered at the second-level (\"\"john\"\".name) and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15095655", "chunk_text": "\"Fully qualified domain name\"\nthe top-level domain (TLD). The domain labels are concatenated using the full stop (\"\"dot\"\", \"\"period\"\") character as separator between labels. The DNS root is unnamed, expressed as the empty label terminated by the dot. This is most notable in DNS zone files in which a fully qualified domain name must be specified with a trailing dot. For example, \"\"somehost.example.com.\"\" explicitly specifies an absolute domain name that ends with the empty top level domain label. A device with the hostname \"\"myhost\"\" in the parent domain \"\"example.com\"\" has the fully qualified domain name \"\"myhost.example.com.\"\" The FQDN uniquely distinguishes the device from any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15095654", "chunk_text": "\"Fully qualified domain name\"\nthe top-level domain. However, in some cases the full stop (period) character is required at the end of the fully qualified domain name. If domain names do not end with a period, the Domain Name Server appends one as a suffix. In contrast to a domain name that is fully specified, a domain name that does not include the full path of labels up to the DNS root is often called a \"\"partially qualified domain name\"\". A fully qualified domain name consists of a list of domain labels representing the hierarchy from the lowest relevant level in the DNS to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259213", "chunk_text": "\"Generic top-level domain\"\nGeneric top-level domain Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. A top-level domain is the last level of every fully qualified domain name. They are called generic for historic reasons; initially, they were contrasted with country-specific TLDs in RFC 920. The core group of generic top-level domains consists of the com, info, net, and org domains. In addition, the domains biz, name, and pro are also considered \"\"generic\"\"; however, these are designated as \"\"restricted\"\", because registrations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4714464", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nthe name. Although no technical limitation exists to use any character in domain name labels which are representable by an octet, hostnames use a preferred format and character set. The characters allowed in labels are a subset of the ASCII character set, consisting of characters \"\"a\"\" through \"\"z\"\", \"\"A\"\" through \"\"Z\"\", digits \"\"0\"\" through \"\"9\"\", and hyphen. This rule is known as the \"\"LDH rule\"\" (letters, digits, hyphen). Domain names are interpreted in case-independent manner. Labels may not start or end with a hyphen. An additional rule requires that top-level domain names should not be all-numeric. The limited set of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10615499", "chunk_text": "Subdomain\nSubdomain In the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, a subdomain is a domain, that is a part of a main domain. The Domain Name System (DNS) has a tree structure or hierarchy, with each non-RR (resource record) node on the tree being a domain name. A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain; the only domain that is not also a subdomain is the root domain. For example, codice_1 and codice_2 are subdomains of the codice_3 domain, which in turn is a subdomain of the codice_4 top-level domain (TLD). A \"\"subdomain\"\" expresses relative dependence, not absolute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8968799", "chunk_text": "\"Email address\"\n@ symbol (local-part) identifies the name of a mailbox. This is often the username of the recipient, e.g., \"\"jsmith\"\". The part after the @ symbol (domain) is a domain name that represents the administrative realm for the mail box, e.g., a company's domain name, \"\"example.com\"\". When delivering email, an SMTP client, e.g., Mail User Agent (MUA), Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), uses the domain name system (DNS) to look up a Resource Record (RR) for the recipient's domain (the part of the email address on the right of @); if there is a mail exchanger Resource Record (MX record) then the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10259236", "chunk_text": "\"Generic top-level domain\"\nvalue.\"\" Generic top-level domain Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. A top-level domain is the last level of every fully qualified domain name. They are called generic for historic reasons; initially, they were contrasted with country-specific TLDs in RFC 920. The core group of generic top-level domains consists of the com, info, net, and org domains. In addition, the domains biz, name, and pro are also considered \"\"generic\"\"; however, these are designated as \"\"restricted\"\", because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6862010", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nAs an example, in the domain \"\"example.co.uk\"\", \"\"co\"\" is the second-level domain. Next are third-level domains, which are written immediately to the left of a second-level domain. There can be fourth- and fifth-level domains, and so on, with virtually no limitation. An example of an operational domain name with four levels of domain labels is \"\"sos.state.oh.us\"\". Each label is separated by a full stop (dot). 'sos' is said to be a sub-domain of 'state.oh.us', and 'state' a sub-domain of 'oh.us', etc. In general, subdomains are domains subordinate to their parent domain. An example of very deep levels of subdomain ordering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14742745", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nmaintains two principal namespaces, the domain name hierarchy and the Internet Protocol (IP) address spaces. The Domain Name System maintains the domain name hierarchy and provides translation services between it and the address spaces. Internet name servers and a communication protocol implement the Domain Name System. A DNS name server is a server that stores the DNS records for a domain; a DNS name server responds with answers to queries against its database. The most common types of records stored in the DNS database are for Start of Authority (SOA), IP addresses (A and AAAA), SMTP mail exchangers (MX), name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300575", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nname servers. Often, this transaction is termed a sale or lease of the domain name, and the registrant may sometimes be called an \"\"owner\"\", but no such legal relationship is actually associated with the transaction, only the exclusive right to use the domain name. More correctly, authorized users are known as \"\"registrants\"\" or as \"\"domain holders\"\". ICANN publishes the complete list of TLD registries and domain name registrars. Registrant information associated with domain names is maintained in an online database accessible with the WHOIS protocol. For most of the 250 country code top-level domains (ccTLDs), the domain registries maintain the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6862018", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nto recoup the costs. Domain registrations were free of charge when the DNS was new. A domain holder may provide infinite number of subdomains in their domain. For example, the owner of \"\"example.org\"\" could provide subdomains such as \"\"foo.example.org\"\" and \"\"foo.bar.example.org\"\" to interested parties. Many desirable domain names are already assigned and users must search for other acceptable names, using Web-based search features, or WHOIS and dig operating system tools. Many registrars have implemented domain name suggestion tools which search domain name databases and suggest available alternative domain names related to keywords provided by the user. The business of resale", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6862011", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nare the IPv6 reverse resolution DNS zones, e.g., 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa, which is the reverse DNS resolution domain name for the IP address of a loopback interface, or the localhost name. Second-level (or lower-level, depending on the established parent hierarchy) domain names are often created based on the name of a company (e.g., \"\"bbc\"\".co.uk), product or service (e.g. \"\"hotmail\"\".com). Below these levels, the next domain name component has been used to designate a particular host server. Therefore, \"\"ftp.example.com\"\" might be an FTP server, \"\"www.example.com\"\" would be a World Wide Web server, and \"\"mail.example.com\"\" could be an email server, each intended to perform", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14827585", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name auction\"\naddresses, which are presented numerically, in order to further simplify the process of searching for information on the Internet. Domain name servers maintain the list that matches domain names to IP addresses. There are two types of domain names TLDs or Top Level Domains which include: .com, .edu, .gov, .net, .org, etc., and SLDs or secondary level domains, which precedes TLDs in the web address, and usually refers to the organization that has been registered to TLD by ICANN. Domain names started to become a lucrative good when businesses began advertising themselves on websites other than the ones that they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247908", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nresource. Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the Domain Keys used to verify DNS domains in e-mail systems, and in many other Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). An important function of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names to numerically addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally in an intranet. Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a resource and the corresponding translation of this IP address to and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8972880", "chunk_text": "Hostname\nHostname In computer networking, a hostname (archaically nodename) is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication, such as the World Wide Web. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may be structured. On the Internet, hostnames may have appended the name of a Domain Name System (DNS) domain, separated from the host-specific label by a period (\"\"dot\"\"). In the latter form, a hostname is also called a domain name. If the domain name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7091938", "chunk_text": "\"Fully qualified domain address\"\nmail transfer agents to determine the IP address of the host by querying the Domain Name System. Fully qualified domain address A fully qualified domain address (FQDA) is a string forming an Internet e-mail address. It was defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 3801 for the use in voice profiles for Internet mail, but has been used on the Internet as early as 1988. A FQDA is composed of a \"\"local part\"\", followed by the symbol @ and the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the host responsible for a mailbox. An example of a FQDA is:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1046393", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name registry\"\nDomain name registry A domain name registry is a database of all domain names and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that allow third party entities to request administrative control of a domain name. Most registries operate on the top-level and second-level of the DNS. A registry operator, sometimes called a network information center (NIC) maintains all administrative data of the domain and generates a zone file which contains the addresses of the nameservers for each domain. Each registry is an organization that manages the registration of domain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247907", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nthat is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances. Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, also called \"\"host names\"\". The term \"\"host name\"\" is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system, usually without further subordinate domain name space. Host names appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as web sites (e.g., en.wikipedia.org). Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14742770", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nmessages, queries and replies, and they both have the same format. Each message consists of a header and four sections: question, answer, authority, and an additional space. A header field (\"\"flags\"\") controls the content of these four sections. The header section contains the following fields: \"\"Identification\"\", \"\"Flags\"\", \"\"Number of questions\"\", \"\"Number of answers\"\", \"\"Number of authority resource records\"\" (RRs), and \"\"Number of additional RRs\"\". The identification field can be used to match responses with queries. The flag field consists of several sub-fields. The first is a single bit which indicates if the message is a query (0) or a reply", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15095657", "chunk_text": "\"Fully qualified domain name\"\ndomains and testing the result. Some applications, however, never use trailing dots to indicate absoluteness, because the underlying protocols require the use of FQDNs, such as the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). A partially qualified domain name does not include all labels to the DNS root. Such a name is also known as a relative domain name. Relative domain names are often simply hostnames, i.e. the left-most label in a fully qualified name. Fully qualified domain name A fully qualified domain name (FQDN), sometimes also referred to as an \"\"absolute domain name\"\", is a domain name that specifies its exact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12847352", "chunk_text": "\"DNS zone\"\nDNS zone A DNS zone is any distinct, contiguous portion of the domain name space in the Domain Name System (DNS) for which administrative responsibility has been delegated to a single manager. The domain name space of the Internet is organized into a hierarchical layout of subdomains below the DNS root domain. The individual domains of this tree may serve as delegation points for administrative authority and management. However, usually it is furthermore desirable to implement fine-grained boundaries of delegation, so that multiple sub-levels of a domain may be managed independently. Therefore, the domain name space is partitioned into areas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6862014", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nthe first quarter of 2015, 294 million domain names had been registered. A large fraction of them are in the \"\"com\"\" TLD, which as of December 21, 2014, had 115.6 million domain names, including 11.9 million online business and e-commerce sites, 4.3 million entertainment sites, 3.1 million finance related sites, and 1.8 million sports sites. As of July 2012 the \"\"com\"\" TLD had more registrations than all of the ccTLDs combined. The right to use a domain name is delegated by domain name registrars, which are accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the organization charged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4714486", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nOn the wire, the name may be shortened using label compression where ends of domain names mentioned earlier in the packet can be substituted for the end of the current domain name. A free standing \"\"@\"\" is used to denote the current origin. \"\"TYPE\"\" is the record type. It indicates the format of the data and it gives a hint of its intended use. For example, the \"\"A\"\" record is used to translate from a domain name to an IPv4 address, the \"\"NS\"\" record lists which name servers can answer lookups on a DNS zone, and the \"\"MX\"\" record specifies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12880393", "chunk_text": "\"Top-level domain\"\nuse the top-level pseudo-domain home for local DNS resolution of routers, modems and gateways. Top-level domain A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300576", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nWHOIS (Registrant, name servers, expiration dates, etc.) information. Some domain name registries, often called \"\"network information centers\"\" (NIC), also function as registrars to end-users. The major generic top-level domain registries, such as for the \"\"com\"\", \"\"net\"\", \"\"org\"\", \"\"info\"\" domains and others, use a registry-registrar model consisting of hundreds of domain name registrars (see lists at ICANN or VeriSign). In this method of management, the registry only manages the domain name database and the relationship with the registrars. The \"\"registrants\"\" (users of a domain name) are customers of the registrar, in some cases through additional layers of resellers. In the process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300574", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nwith overseeing the name and number systems of the Internet. In addition to ICANN, each top-level domain (TLD) is maintained and serviced technically by an administrative organization operating a registry. A registry is responsible for maintaining the database of names registered within the TLD it administers. The registry receives registration information from each domain name registrar authorized to assign names in the corresponding TLD and publishes the information using a special service, the WHOIS protocol. Registries and registrars usually charge an annual fee for the service of delegating a domain name to a user and providing a default set of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13028226", "chunk_text": "\"Reverse domain name notation\"\nReverse domain name notation Reverse domain name notation (or reverse-DNS) is a naming convention for the components, packages, and types used by a programming language, system or framework. A characteristic of reverse-DNS strings is that they are based on registered domain names, and are only reversed for sorting purposes. For example, if a company making a product called \"\"MyProduct\"\" has the registered domain name \"\"example.com\"\", they could use the reverse-DNS string \"\"com.example.MyProduct\"\" to describe it. Reverse-DNS names are a simple way of reducing name-space collisions, since any domain name is registered by only one party at a time. Most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1247924", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nof registered domain names is known as the domain aftermarket. Various factors influence the perceived value or market value of a domain name. Most of the high-prize domain sales are carried out privately. Intercapping is often used to emphasize the meaning of a domain name. However, DNS names are not case-sensitive, and some names may be misinterpreted in certain uses of capitalization. For example: \"\"Who Represents\"\", a database of artists and agents, chose \"\"whorepresents.com\"\", which can be misread as \"\"whore presents\"\". Similarly, a therapists' network is named \"\"therapistfinder.com\"\". In such situations, the proper meaning may be clarified by use of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3169616", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\nleft specifies a subdivision, or subdomain of the domain to the right. For example, the label \"\"example\"\" specifies a subdomain of the \"\"com\"\" domain, and \"\"www\"\" is a subdomain of example.com. This tree of subdivisions may have up to 127 levels. A label may contain zero to 63 characters. The null label, of length zero, is reserved for the root zone. The full domain name may not exceed the length of 253 characters in its textual representation. In the internal binary representation of the DNS the maximum length requires 255 octets of storage, as it also stores the length of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5689170", "chunk_text": "\"Root name server\"\nInternet can be regarded as ending with this empty string for the root domain, and therefore ending in a full stop character (the label delimiter), e.g., \"\"www.example.com.\"\". This is generally implied rather than explicit, as modern DNS software does not actually require that the terminating dot be included when attempting to translate a domain name to an IP address. The root domain contains all top-level domains of the Internet. , it contains 1058 TLDs, including 730 generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and 301 country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) in the root domain. In addition, the ARPA domain is used for technical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4714495", "chunk_text": "\"Domain Name System\"\ninnocuous. Two main approaches are in use to counter privacy issues with DNS: The right to use a domain name is delegated by domain name registrars which are accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) or other organizations such as OpenNIC, that are charged with overseeing the name and number systems of the Internet. In addition to ICANN, each top-level domain (TLD) is maintained and serviced technically by an administrative organization, operating a registry. A \"\"registry\"\" is responsible for operating the database of names within its authoritative zone, although the term is most often used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10379684", "chunk_text": "Hostname\nhostnames, but \"\"-hi-\"\",\"\"_hi_\"\" and \"\"hi\"\" are invalid. A hostname is considered to be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) when all labels up to and including the top-level domain name (TLD) are specified. The hostname \"\"en.wikipedia.org\"\" terminates with the top-level domain \"\"org\"\" and is thus fully qualified. Depending on the operating system DNS software implementation, an unqualified hostname may be automatically combined with a default domain name configured into the system, in order to complete the fully qualified domain name. As an example, a student at MIT may be able to send mail to \"\"joe@csail\"\" and have it automatically qualified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "300578", "chunk_text": "\"Domain name\"\nin that domain names are foundations on which a website can be built, and the highest \"\"quality\"\" domain names, like sought-after real estate, tend to carry significant value, usually due to their online brand-building potential, use in advertising, search engine optimization, and many other criteria. A few companies have offered low-cost, below-cost or even free domain registration with a variety of models adopted to recoup the costs to the provider. These usually require that domains be hosted on their website within a framework or portal that includes advertising wrapped around the domain holder's content, revenue from which allows the provider", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12837805", "chunk_text": ".info\n.info The domain name info is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. The name is derived from \"\"information\"\", though registration requirements do not prescribe any particular theme. The TLD was a response to ICANN's highly publicized announcement, in late 2000, of a phased release of seven new generic top-level domains. The event was the first addition of major gTLDs since the Domain Name System was developed in the 1980s. The seven new gTLDs, selected from over 180 proposals, were meant in part to take the pressure off the domain. The domain has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_162	who want to be a millionaire calls his dad?	n/a	[ "Carpenter" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20567645", "chunk_text": "\"John Carpenter (game show contestant)\"\n1999 episode of \"\"Millionaire\"\", Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million-dollar question without using any lifelines. He then used his Phone-A-Friend to call his father not for help, but rather to tell him he was going to win the game. Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show's first millionaire. His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances, as well as reappearances on \"\"Millionaire\"\" himself. Carpenter is from Northampton, Massachusetts. His father, Tom, worked as a computer program analyst for the Department of Veterans Affairs, while his mother, Gail, served as an administrative assistant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967907", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nor hear what's been going on throughout the show until one of them gets called. When the contestant calls one of their friends, the friend appears onscreen and both the contestant and friend can see and hear each other. During the course of the game show's history, there were a number of unique lifeline additions in various versions of the programme: Out of all contestants that have played the game, few have been able to win the top prize on any international version of the show. The first was John Carpenter, who won the top prize on the U.S. version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18606855", "chunk_text": "\"¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)\"\nemployee of RCTV Internacional, 1BC or its affiliates. First step: There are two ways to participate by calling the \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" 0900-900-1009 or sending a text message to your age, sex and identification number from any phone to the number 6724 and follow the instructions of the system. The call comes at a cost of 0.60 BSF BS or 595 plus the cost of local call and every text message will cost $0.50 F or 500 BS. Both options will be three questions, you have five seconds to answer correctly each and have the option to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967887", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nWho Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an answer, and have no time limit to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13606527", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses)\"\nof the flat in tears, with Del refusing to back down, and Albert completely disgusted by the row. Later that night, Albert suggests to Del that he \"\"should\"\" go to Australia and become a millionaire while he has the chance, which means that Rodney will have to learn to grow up. With his mind made up, Del phones Jumbo to confirm what time he will be arriving. But instead, Del turns down Jumbo's offer, reluctantly admitting that he cannot leave his family behind. As Albert goes to bed, Rodney returns home to apologise to Del for the row they had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3598253", "chunk_text": "KevJumba\nprove his predominant social life with the constant ringing of his cell phone. At this point, his phone indeed rings, he answers it, and the voice on the other end to Wu's disappointment says, \"\"Hey, why did you tell me to call you?\"\" Wu has collaborated with fellow YouTube comedian Christine Gambito (HappySlip), making five videos with her. In one of Kevin's older videos, he said he was an only child, which was later proven wrong by his father. Following his video, \"\"Butthash Hero\"\", Wu introduced his father, PapaJumba, onto his YouTube channel, and his father made several appearances in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "731975", "chunk_text": "\"Father Figures\"\nof their conception, and did not want their father involved. When they keep pressing, Helen reveals that their father is Terry Bradshaw. The brothers fly to Florida to meet Bradshaw, who they encounter at a signing event. Bradshaw is excited to have them as sons. As Bradshaw recounts stories with former teammate Rod Hamilton, the brothers realize that Bradshaw had been in Australia at the time of their conception, and thus isn’t their father. Bradshaw points out that Roland Hunt, a New York investor, also dated Helen. As they travel north, Kyle finds that his BBQ sauce royalties deal is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967906", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nunfairly privileged individuals who had computer access over those who did not, and that it was contrary to the original intent of the lifeline, by which friends were supposed to provide assistance based on what they already knew. In the original British version, in the more recent series, a security guy from the production office would be at the friend's house to make sure that the friend doesn't cheat, and in The People Play specials in 2012 and 2013, the friends are not actually on the phone, they are locked away in a studio backstage instead, and they cannot see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13606526", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses)\"\ndown in Peckham during his retirement. Rodney, too, is unable to go, after his criminal conviction for possession of Cannabis results in him being denied an immigration visa. Regardless, Del is still keen to go, and hands ownership of \"\"Trotters Independent Traders\"\" over to Rodney. The two have a fierce row, where Rodney accuses Del of interfering when he had opportunities to be a success and using family ties as the excuse, and Del retorts that having to look after Rodney since he was a child after their mother's death had stopped him realising his own dreams. Rodney storms out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18606857", "chunk_text": "\"¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)\"\nany phone to the number 6724 and follow the instructions of the system. The call comes at a cost of 0.60 BSF BS or 595 plus the cost of local call and every text message will cost $0.50 F or 500 BS. Both options will be three questions, you have five seconds to answer correctly each and have the option to participate in \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.\"\" Once in the program, Dr. Eladio Larez will ask a question to the participants who answer correctly in the shortest time, wins the right to be a millionaire. At the discretion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3765101", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Stern (American politician)\"\nwas endorsed by elected officials such as President Barack Obama and Governor Jerry Brown, among many more. Publications such as the Ventura County Star and Ventura County Signal endorsed him as well. Henry's father, Daniel Stern, performed the narrative voiceover of Adult Kevin Arnold for the hit television series \"\"The Wonder Years\"\" for six seasons. At the end of the show's series finale, Henry delivered the next-to-last line of the entire series when he called to his father--in voiceover--\"\"Hey Dad, Wanna Play Catch?\"\" to which his father returns \"\"I'll be right there.\"\" Henry Stern (American politician) Henry I. Stern (born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357638", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nWho Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty). The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the \"\"Who Wants to Be a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967908", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\non 19 November 1999. Carpenter did not use a lifeline until the final question, using his Phone-a-Friend not for help but to call his father to tell him he had won the million. Other notable top prize winners include Judith Keppel, the first winner of the UK version; Kevin Olmstead from the U.S. version, who won a progressive jackpot of $2.18 million; Martin Flood from the Australian version, who was investigated by producers after suspicions that he had cheated, much like Charles Ingram, but was later cleared; and Sushil Kumar from the Indian version, who is often referred to in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15831268", "chunk_text": "\"Nolan Gould\"\nthe week, \"\"Sweet Nothing in My Ear\"\". In 2017, Gould was featured in the music video for Logic's new song, 1-800-273-8255, the number for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Gould played a gay man alongside Coy Stewart as his best friend and ultimately his husband, Matthew Modine as Gould's dad, and Don Cheadle as Stewart's dad. Gould plays the double bass and banjo. He received his first banjo after appearing on \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\", and as a result, started playing instruments such as the didgeridoo and mandolin. When he appeared on the show a second time, he said he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11433616", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Strachan\"\nMatthew Strachan Matthew Strachan ( or ; born 11 December 1970) is an English composer and singer-songwriter. His best known work is the music for the television game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" written with his father Keith, and the BBC Radio 4 World War I drama series \"\"Home Front\"\". He has also contributed music to film and television productions such as \"\"Extract\"\", \"\"The Detectives\"\", \"\"Question Time\"\", \"\"Winning Lines\"\", jingles for several television commercials, and scores for stage musicals. As a singer-songwriter Strachan is regarded as having a bittersweet style, often employing satire and characterisation to make political", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967941", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nCD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1233485", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\ncontestant's answer needs to be verified. The question is asked because the rules require that the contestants must clearly indicate their choices before they are made official, the nature of the game allowing them to ponder the options before committing to an answer. Regularly on tier-three questions, a dramatic pause occurs between the contestant's statement of their answer and the host's acknowledgement of whether or not it is correct. Many parodies of \"\"Millionaire\"\" have capitalised on the \"\"final answer\"\" catchphrase. In the United States, the phrase was popularised by Philbin during his tenure as the host of that country's version,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18606856", "chunk_text": "\"¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)\"\nparticipate in \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.\"\" If you were not shortlisted try again 0900-900-1009 calling or sending a text message to 1590. In a recorded weekly draw, with the participation of all respondents correctly during that week, 14 participants are chosen randomly selected and after a personality test, only 10 participate in the program, the remaining 4 will be whether any the former has a reason to stop him. There are two ways to participate by calling the \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" 0900-900-1009 or sending a text message to your age, sex and identification number from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967904", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nlifelines used in the original format of the game show include In the US version, some lifelines used corporate sponsorship. The US version of \"\"Phone-a-Friend\"\" was sponsored by the original AT&T throughout the run of the ABC primetime show and in the first season of the syndicated version, and then by the current AT&T for the 2009 primetime episodes. From 2004 to 2006, the US version of \"\"Ask the Audience\"\" was sponsored by AOL, which allowed users of its Instant Messenger to add the screen name \"\"MillionaireIM\"\" to their contact list and receive an instant message with the question and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17357639", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nMillionaire?\"\" franchise. The original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999, to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013–14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014–15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015. As the first U.S. network game show to offer a million-dollar top prize, the show made television history by becoming one of the highest-rated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3567148", "chunk_text": "\"Jalaluddin Hassan\"\nJalaluddin Hassan Datuk Jalaluddin bin Hassan (born 18 February 1954), better known by his stage name Jalaluddin Hassan, is a Malaysian actor and the host of the Malaysian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in Malay. He is the third child of Haji Hassan Azhari, a religious scholar who had a dedicated programme teaching the Qur'an on Radio Televisyen Malaysia from 1960 to 2000. He is related to Musa Hassan, a former Inspector General of Police for the Royal Malaysia Police, and Dato' Fuad Hassan (1949-2014), a former assemblyman of Ulu Klang and Director General of the Special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8626451", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!\"\nanswering questions in the alien language Rodanese. The lifelines in the \"\"Star Wars Weekends\"\" version of the game worked exactly like the regular game but were named 50:50, Ask the Jedi Council, and Phone a Stormtrooper. During \"\"ESPN The Weekend\"\", also based at Disney's Hollywood Studios, \"\"Play It!\"\" consisted of sports trivia questions; contestants got to \"\"team up\"\" with ESPN personalities and sports figures. For this edition of the game, the \"\"Phone A Complete Stranger\"\" lifeline was replaced with a chance to ask an ESPN expert (either Howie Schwab or the Sklar Twins) for assistance. Both versions of the attraction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14389285", "chunk_text": "\"Richie Rich (film)\"\ngroup of sandlot kids playing baseball. Unfortunately, before he is able to talk to them, the overly-strict head of security, Ferguson (Chelcie Ross), stops Richie and sharply pulls him away. Cadbury, ever the \"\"third parent\"\", reprimands Ferguson for his excessively-physical treatment of Richie. Richard Sr. tries to spend time with his son whenever he can, but is usually busy. Professor Keenbean (Mike McShane) has invented a cellular-phone-like machine called the \"\"Dadlink\"\" that pinpoints Richard's location in seconds, so that Richie can talk to his dad whenever he's away on business. Meanwhile, the greedy CFO of Rich Industries Lawrence Van Dough", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5272423", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nNik Bonaddio appeared on the program, winning $100,000 with the help of the audience and later, Gwen Ifill as his lifelines. Bonaddio then used the proceeds to start the sports analytics firm numberFire, which was sold in September 2015 to FanDuel, a fantasy sports platform. The finale of the tenth anniversary special, which aired on August 23, 2009, featured Ken Basin, an entertainment lawyer from Los Angeles, CA., who went on to become the first contestant to play a $1,000,000 question in the \"\"clock format\"\". With a time of 4:39 (45 seconds + 3:54 banked time), Basin was given a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9578034", "chunk_text": "\"A Million Dollar Dream\"\na son Zhang Yizheng (Edwin Goh) who wants to study in England to be with his girlfriend and a daughter Zhang Yijing (He Yingying) who aspires to be a model, Zhang Zicheng is in need of money. He ends up as a delivery man and one day meets a mysterious man who passes him an expired TOTO slip. He ends up buying the same numbers on the expired TOTO and miraculously wins the top prize. For fear of losing his prize money, Zhang Zicheng hides his win from family and friends, but the stress takes its toll on him, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13371656", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Ingram\"\nthe charge of fraudulently claiming £30,000 on insurance. The judge told Ingram he took into account \"\"the punishment you have brought upon yourself and your dire financial state\"\", and he rejected an alternative option of a community service order after Ingram told a probation officer he feared other criminals would bully him. The case was covered on a November 2018 episode of \"\"Swindled\"\", a podcast dealing with white-collar crime. Charles Ingram Charles William Ingram (born 1963) is an English former British Army major who became known for cheating on the television game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3462864", "chunk_text": "\"Call for Fun\"\nmonths. Dev places all the faith in his son, thinking that it is a good opportunity for Yash to learn the functioning of call center and gain work experience before pursuing MBA. Yash defies his father’s conventional approach to business in his absence and begins to expand the call center business by procuring more clients. The expansion back fires resulting in delayed payments, back logs and over heads. Yash gets desperate to try to control the situation and even ends up using the college fund that his father has saved for his foreign education. But the situation goes out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13606525", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses)\"\nto see his old school friend and business partner, Jumbo Mills, who emigrated to Australia in 1967, back in Peckham. Before he left, Del had given Jumbo his last £200, and by a way of returning the favour, Jumbo offers Del the chance to renew their old partnership by helping to run his car business back in Australia. Believing his opportunity to become a millionaire has finally arrived, Del accepts the offer. But things soon go awry. First, Albert refuses to leave, having already spent most of his life travelling the world with the Royal Navy and wanting to settle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1006106", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Tarrant\"\n2017, Tarrant appeared in court charged with drink-driving. He returned to court on 18 January 2018 and received a £6,000 fine and a 12-month driving ban. Chris Tarrant Christopher John Tarrant, (born 10 October 1946) is an English radio and television broadcaster. He hosted the ITV children's television show \"\"Tiswas\"\" from 1974 to 1981, as well as the ITV game show \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" from 1998 to 2014, while also providing some audio recordings for some console games and a tabletop game made by Tiger Electronics based on the show. He was a Capital Radio host from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169353", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nproducer in the later days of the network version and in the syndicated version's first two seasons) served as an executive producer from 2004 to 2010. Rich Sirop, who was previously a supervising producer, became the executive producer in 2010 and held that position until 2014, when he left \"\"Millionaire\"\" to hold the same position with Vieira's newly launched syndicated talk show, and was replaced by James Rowley. Vincent Rubino, who had previously been the syndicated \"\"Millionaire\"\"s supervising producer for its first two seasons, served as that version's co-executive producer for the 2004–05 season, after which he was succeeded by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7728190", "chunk_text": "\"Petros and Money Show\"\nbrother of love). Lance Romance does not, as some might expect, encourage his committed callers to cheat on their wives or spouses, often telling those contemplating such a decision that it will \"\"ruin your life\"\". On Tuesday, Smith's alter ego (and, according to the storyline, Lance Romance's cousin) Vance Finance, a wealthy real estate tycoon and investment banker, flies in by helicopter to dole out financial advice and offer the occasional college and pro football picks to the show's listeners. On Fridays, at the end of the second hour, Papadakis' father, former USC Linebacker and restaurateur, John Papadakis, calls in.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967888", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nanswer questions; and the amount offered increases as they tackle questions that become increasingly difficult. The maximum cash prize offered in most versions of the format is one million of the local currency. The original British version debuted on 4 September 1998, and was aired until its final episode on 11 February 2014; a revived series of seven episodes to commemorate its 20th anniversary in 2018, were aired from 5 to 11 May. Since its debut, international variants of the game show have been aired in around 160 countries worldwide. The format of the show was created by David Briggs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16184659", "chunk_text": "\"Dave Gorman\"\ndue to the volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. In October 2014, it was announced that Gorman would voice a character in the upcoming animated film \"\"Doug and the Meaning of Life\"\". Gorman has also provided voiceover for a television campaign by Homebase, the UK DIY chain. When Lee Mack appeared on a \"\"Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?\"\" celebrity special on 3 January 2012, Gorman was the phone-a-friend to whom Mack turned, successfully identifying \"\"Carte Blanche\"\" as a James Bond novel. Gorman and his wife, Beth, were married on 8 October 2010. Together, they have a son named Eric Stanley Gorman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19627199", "chunk_text": "\"If I Had a Million\"\nwealthy dying businessman decides to leave his money to eight complete strangers. Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton, George Raft, May Robson, Charles Ruggles, and Gene Raymond play some of the lucky beneficiaries. The 1950s television series \"\"The Millionaire\"\" was based on a similar concept. Dying industrial tycoon John Glidden (Richard Bennett) cannot decide what to do with his wealth. He despises his money-hungry relatives and believes none of his employees is capable of running his various companies. Finally, he decides to give a million dollars each to eight people picked at random from a telephone directory \"\"before\"\" he passes away, so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7345769", "chunk_text": "\"Papa Has a Rollin' Son\"\nin a box and mail him to Zappos. Upon Tiny Tom Cruise being released from his box, the Zappos clerk notes he lasted two weeks before being sent back in. At The Drunken Clam, Joe is pleased that his father has accepted his current state. Upon Peter noticing that Cleveland is wearing a hat with the Toronto Raptors' name on it and commenting about it, Cleveland comments that he was given the hat for Father's Day and will throw it out by the end of the week. Peter apologizes to Joe for losing one of his pants. In the final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4332910", "chunk_text": "\"Rich Dad Poor Dad\"\nin 2005. Donald Trump did a literary collaboration with Kiyosaki in 2006 called \"\"Why We Want You To Be Rich, Two Men One Message\"\" and a second book called \"\"Midas Touch: Why Some Entrepreneurs Get Rich — And Why Most Don't\"\" in 2011. American fashion entrepreneur and investor Daymond John has called the book one of his favorites. American rapper Big K.R.I.T. made a song called \"\"Rich Dad Poor Dad\"\" though it had no connection to the book. John T. Reed, a critic of Robert Kiyosaki, says, \"\"\"\"Rich Dad, Poor Dad\"\" contains much wrong advice, much bad advice, some dangerous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14981534", "chunk_text": "\"Getting Even with Dad\"\nGetting Even with Dad Getting Even With Dad is a 1994 American comedy film starring Macaulay Culkin and Ted Danson. Timmy Gleason (Macaulay Culkin) is the estranged son of ex-con Ray Gleason (Ted Danson) and has been living with his aunt Kitty and her fiance since the death of his mother some years earlier. Ray works as a baker designing cakes for a bakery. When Kitty goes on her honeymoon, she dumps Timmy on a reluctant Ray, leaving him to look after his son in San Francisco for the next week. Timmy is hoping to spend time with his father,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "321224", "chunk_text": "\"The Son of His Father\"\nMallinsbee (Nichols) at Buffalo Falls, where the son is eager to have the railroad build a station at that point. Mallinsbee cannot come to an agreement with David Slosson (McKim), the representative of Gordon's father. Gordon takes things into his own hands and makes a captive of Slosson. When his father shows up, Gordon takes him captive also. Using his father's code, Gordon orders a train crew to come to Buffalo Falls and construction of the station begins. After work is well underway, Gordon brings his report to his father, who is proud of his son. By then the little", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6485149", "chunk_text": "Celador\nCelador Celador is an entertainment company originally formed in 1981 as a UK independent television production company. It created and produced a number of popular light entertainment shows and is best known for the TV format \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\" and the film \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" which, in 2009, collected seven BAFTAs, four Golden Globes and eight Oscars including Best Director and Best Picture. Celador owns twenty UK commercial radio stations. The name Celador is a re-spelling of \"\"cellar door\"\", a phrase whose sound is often noted to be particularly euphonious. Celador was founded by Paul Smith and included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2115012", "chunk_text": "\"Like Father, Like Daughter (Taxi)\"\nmake a stopover in Miami, Alex decides to meet her there. Alex asks to borrow a cab for the weekend, but Louie refuses to give him one. Alex, fellow drivers Bobby Wheeler (Jeff Conaway) and Tony Banta (Tony Danza), Sunshine mechanic Latka Gravas (Andy Kaufman) and bystander John Burns (Randall Carver) take one anyway and drive non-stop to Miami. When Alex finds his daughter at Miami International Airport, he learns that Cathy has been told that he is living on a ranch in Montana and is considering running for the United States Senate. Alex then reveals his true situation. Cathy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5886073", "chunk_text": "\"Thurston Howell III\"\nin the last one, (\"\"The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island\"\") Backus's declining health only allowed him to make a three-minute appearance. Although the Howells never had any children in the original series, their son, Thurston Howell IV (portrayed by David Ruprecht), is introduced in that movie. The younger Howell's mannerisms are similar to those of his father. Mitt Romney was compared to Thurston Howell during the 2012 U.S. Presidential campaign. Thurston Howell III Thurston Howell III (mentioned in the opening credits as: \"\"The Millionaire\"\") is a character on the CBS television sitcom \"\"Gilligan's Island\"\", which ran from 1964 to 1967,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12967940", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"\nand the audience was asked to put the four answers in order; the person with the fastest time was the first contestant in the Hot Seat for that show. However, the main game had some differences: for example, contestants competed for points rather than dollars, the questions were set to time limits, and the Phone-a-Friend lifeline became \"\"Phone a Complete Stranger\"\" which connected the contestant to a Disney cast member outside the attraction's theatre who would find a guest to help. After the contestant's game was over, they were awarded anything from a collectible pin, to clothing, to a \"\"Millionaire\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15336887", "chunk_text": "\"Alek Skarlatos\"\nOctober 2016, it was announced that Skarlatos, Spencer Stone and Anthony Sadler would make an appearance on \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\"\" as a part of the show's special \"\"Hometown Heroes\"\" week which would premiere on October 31, 2016. He ran for Douglas County Commissioner in his home state of Oregon in the 2018 U.S. midterms, but lost to businessman Tom Kress. On August 21, 2015, Skarlatos and two friends from his childhood home of Carmichael, California, were traveling together during a vacation in Europe. He was recently back from Afghanistan, and had been traveling in Germany and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2870417", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan and Ronnie\"\nchildren were played by adults, the former appearing dressed in school uniform. The father, \"\"Will\"\", was the silent type, but each week, Nigel Wyn would address him as \"\"Will\"\" and \"\"Will\"\" would say, \"\"Don't call Will on your father\"\". (The phrase \"\"call on\"\" is a direct translation from the Welsh \"\"\"\"Paid a galw Wil ar dy dad!\"\"\"\"). With its bizarre and off-beat, almost surreal humour, \"\"Our House\"\" has achieved an iconic status. On one occasion, the show's guest star Ken Dodd also appeared as a character in \"\"Our House\"\". An S4C film about Ryan and Ronnie won several awards at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169396", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nquestion involving President Lyndon Baines Johnson's fondness for Fresca. Using his one remaining lifeline, Basin asked the audience, which supported his own hunch of Yoo-hoo rather than the correct answer. He decided to answer the question and lost $475,000, becoming the first contestant in the U.S. version to answer a $1,000,000 question incorrectly. After Basin finished his run, Vieira appeared on-camera and announced that all remaining Fastest Finger contestants would play with her on the first week of the syndicated version's eighth season. After this, the million dollar question was not played again on a standard episode until September 25,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4710321", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Short\"\nBob Dolman, (who served as a part of SCTV's Emmy-winning writing team alongside Short), married their close friend and colleague Andrea Martin, also in 1980. Dolman and Short are aunt and uncle to the couple's two sons, Jack and Joe. Bob Dolman and Martin have since divorced. Short is a first cousin of Clare Short, a former member of the British Parliament and former British cabinet minister. Short appeared in a 2001 episode on the Celebrity \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\"\" hosted by Regis Philbin, winning $32,000 for his charity, Loyola High School. Short has actively campaigned for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169348", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nbelow). Three lifelines are available from the start of the game. Depending on the format of the show, additional lifelines may become available after the contestant correctly answers the fifth or tenth question. In the clock format, usage of lifelines temporarily pauses the clock while the lifelines are played. Over the course of the program's history, 12 people have answered the final question correctly and walked away with the top prize. These include: The original network version of the U.S. \"\"Millionaire\"\" and the subsequent primetime specials were hosted by Regis Philbin. When the syndicated version was being developed, the production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19293027", "chunk_text": "\"$h! My Dad Says\"\nan irrational phone call that sparks the interest of the eccentric editor conducting the interview. Henry is ultimately hired, but is forced to continue living with Ed in order to have readily-available material via his father's unsolicited rants, hence the title \"\"$#! My Dad Says\"\". In November 2009, CBS announced that it was developing a television pilot based on the Twitter feed, which would be written by Halpern and Patrick Schumacker. William Shatner landed the lead role in late February 2010, which triggered a green-light to produce the pilot. Nicole Sullivan and Ryan Devlin came on board in early March.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169367", "chunk_text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)\"\nmeet all eligibility requirements. Afterwards, they are given a date to travel to the show's taping facilities to participate in a scheduled episode of the show. Unlike its ABC counterpart, the syndicated version does not offer transportation or hotel accommodations to contestants at the production company's expense; that version's contestants are instead required to provide transportation and accommodations of their own. The syndicated \"\"Millionaire\"\" also conducts open casting calls in various locations across the United States to search for potential contestants. These are held in late spring or early summer, with all dates and locations posted on the show's official", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9142739", "chunk_text": "\"Jorge Gabriel\"\n\"\"and\"\" Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.\"\" Gabriel was one of the football coaches of FC Arouca in the late 2000s, by then a small football team playing in the fourth tier of the Portuguese football pyramid system, from Arouca, in the district of Aveiro. Gabriel has a son from his first marriage named Duarte. He and Filipa Gameiro, his second wife, are parents of two girls, Mariana and Madalena. He is a supporter of Sporting CP, a Portuguese football team. Jorge Gabriel Jorge Gabriel Mendes Fialho, simply referred to as Jorge Gabriel, (born 29 May 1968 in Lisbon) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_163	when was the last time villanova won the ncaa basketball championship?	n/a	[ "2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811673", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\na team for the game. Their 2016 NCAA Championship, is referred to as \"\"The Perfect Ending\"\" and is the only NCAA Men's Championship game to be won on a buzzer beater, as Kris Jenkins drained a shot as time expired. They made the Final Four in 1939, 1971, 1985, 2009, 2016 and 2018; their six Final Four appearances are 13th most all-time. As of 2018, they have an NCAA Tournament record of 64–36 (). Villanova has defeated six No. 1 seeds in the NCAA tournament (Michigan and Georgetown in 1985, Pittsburgh in 2009, and Kansas and North Carolina in 2016,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811674", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nand Kansas in 2018), which is sixth most all-time. The Villanova Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 37 times, the eighth highest total in NCAA history. They have won the Big East regular season championship eight times, most recently winning four straight from 2014 to 2017. They won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Villanova entered the 2016–2017 season with an all-time winning percentage of (.648), placing the Wildcats tied for 13th among all NCAA Division I basketball programs. Through 2018, Villanova has 1,753 wins, which is 23rd among Division I men's basketball teams. Villanova", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720051", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\n(), and were the national champions in 1985, 2016, and 2018. Villanova has won as the underdog (based on Tournament seeding) 16 times, more than any other program. Villanova is one of only two programs (the other being Ohio State) that has played in the NCAA Tournament in every decade since the 1930s. \"\"The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the 1979 edition.\"\" The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) 17 times. Their combined record is 24–17. They were NIT Champions in 1994. The Wildcats appeared in the only National Campus Basketball Tournament. Their record is 0–1.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17026055", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova University\"\nand advance to the Final Four. The team was then defeated by the eventual champion North Carolina Tar Heels in the 2009 Final Four game. Seven years later, the Wildcats won the 2016 NCAA Championship by defeating North Carolina 77–74. The team defeated the Michigan Wolverines 79-62 to win the 2018 NCAA Championship in San Antonio. The home venues for the Wildcats include the on-campus 6,500 seat Pavilion for smaller attendance games, as well as the larger, 21,600 seat Wells Fargo Center (known formerly under a variety of bank names) within the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. The February 13, 2006", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811672", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nVillanova Wildcats men's basketball Villanova University's men's basketball team represents Villanova University and competes in the Big East Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball. Their first season was the 1920–21 season. Named the \"\"Wildcats\"\", Villanova is also a member of the Philadelphia Big Five, a rivalry of Philadelphia college basketball teams. The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA championship as an 8 seed still stands as the lowest seed ever to win the title. The game is referred to as \"\"The Perfect Game\"\" as they shot a record 78.6% as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5895211", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nJack Kraft to Final Four of the 1971 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. Coach Rollie Massimino took Villanova to a surprising 1985 National Championship. Current Coach Jay Wright reached the Final Four at the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament behind Dante Cunningham and Scottie Reynolds. The team most recently won the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament for their third National Championship. Villanova won the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament with a historic 66-64 win over top-seeded Georgetown. The eighth-seeded Wildcats (unranked in the final AP poll) beat Dayton (at Dayton), top-seeded Michigan, Maryland and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385936", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nand had 16 points in the game, was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. On April 4, 2016, the Wildcats won their second NCAA Championship in Men's Basketball, the first time in 31 years. They beat the North Carolina Tar Heels 77-74 off a buzzer-beater shot by Kris Jenkins with 0.5 seconds remaining in regulation. Two years later, on April 2, 2018, Villanova earned its third national championship beating the Michigan Wolverines 79-62. The Villanova Wildcats women's basketball team are coached by Harry Perretta, now serving his 34th year as head coach of the team. For the 2017–18 season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5895210", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\n2013 NCAA Tournament. Villanova has appeared in the NIT 17 times, winning in 1994, and won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015 and 2017. The Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Men's Tournament 37 times, the 8th highest total in NCAA history have reached the Elite Eight 13 times. They have been to the Final Four of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament on five occasions. The 1939 team coached by Al Severance reached the inaugural NCAA Final Four played at the Palestra for the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament. All-American Howard Porter led a Wildcat team coached by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811691", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nFirst Union Center, and the Wachovia Center before it adopted the Wells Fargo Center name. Jay Wright was named Villanova's head coach in 2001. As Rollie Massimino’s assistant from 1987 through 1992, he was well-acquainted with Villanova. Prior to his hiring by Villanova, Wright was head coach at Hofstra. Villanova earned a post-season tournament berth in each of Wright's initial ten seasons as Villanova head coach before missing in 2011–12. The Wildcats played in the NIT in 2002, 2003, and 2004, and in 11 NCAA Tournaments in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811720", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\ngrown larger after the success of the 2005–06 season. It is now held in the Pavilion and is open to the public and students. Following an inter-team scrimmage, notable music artists perform. Villanova Wildcats men's basketball Villanova University's men's basketball team represents Villanova University and competes in the Big East Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball. Their first season was the 1920–21 season. Named the \"\"Wildcats\"\", Villanova is also a member of the Philadelphia Big Five, a rivalry of Philadelphia college basketball teams. The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720046", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nended the 2016 season at 35–5 including the unanimous #1 ranking in the final Coaches' Poll (USA Today) while capturing their 2nd NCAA basketball championship trophy in the history of the program. In beating #3 seed Miami (AP #10), #1 seed Kansas (AP #1), #2 seed Oklahoma (AP #7) and #1 seed UNC (AP #3), Villanova became the first school in 31 years — since the 1985 Villanova Wildcats — to not only beat four top-three seeds on the way to a national title but to also beat four straight opponents ranked in the AP top 10, in addition to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18459965", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova University\"\nprogram's 14 teams with a 100 percent graduation rate for 2002–03. The Wildcats' nationally ranked men's basketball and football teams are both at 92 percent. The men's basketball team's graduation-success rate places it fifth nationally among Division I schools. In 2009, Villanova's football team won the national title in the Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA). In 1985, under the direction of coach Rollie Massimino, the men's basketball team won the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament in the first year of the 64-team field. The final game, against defending champion and ten-point-favorite Georgetown, is often cited among the greatest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720044", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nwho had beaten Villanova by 23 on December 7, 2015, at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii early in the season. In the National Semi-Finals, Villanova beat the Sooners by 44 points (an NCAA Final Four record) to advance to the NCAA Championship for the first time in 31 years. They faced the second-overall #1 seed North Carolina Tar Heels for the championship. On April 4, Villanova defeated UNC on a game-winning three-point shot at the buzzer by Kris Jenkins to win the NCAA Championship by a final score of 77–74, winning their second NCAA championship. UNC had recovered from a 10-point deficit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811675", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nhas won the Philadelphia Big Five 26 times which is the second most of any team, including five straight from 2014 to 2018. The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 17 times, winning in 1994. Villanova began its varsity basketball program in 1920. Michael Saxe coached for six seasons, from 1920 to 1926, compiling a 64–30 record (.681). John Cashman coached three seasons, from 1926 to 1929, compiling a 21–26 record (.447). George \"\"Doc\"\" Jacobs coached seven seasons, from 1929 to 1936, and had a 62–56 record (.525). The team played its first game in 1920 in Alumni", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5895212", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nsecond-seeded North Carolina to win the Southeast Regional en route to the Final Four in Lexington, Kentucky. After defeating 2-seed Memphis State (now known as Memphis) in the national semifinals, Villanova met defending champion and ten-point-favorite Georgetown, led by Patrick Ewing, in the title game on April 1, 1985. The Wildcat squad remains the lowest overall seed in tournament history to win the championship, and their overall team shooting percentage of 78.6% remains an NCAA tournament record for a single game. This Championship Game is often cited among the greatest upsets in college basketball history. Ed Pinckney, who shot 5-of-7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8245880", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship in 2016. Villanova defeated Michigan, 79–62. Donte DiVincenzo, a reserve player, scored 31 points for Villanova, and was named the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811718", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nbasketball coach (men's or women's) for any reason. Villanova has won more NCAA tournament games as a lower seed than any school. Villanova won what has been called the greatest college basketball game ever played, defeating Georgetown 66–64 on April 1, 1985 to win the NCAA National Championship. \"\"V for Villanova\"\" is the Wildcats' fight song. Other Villanova songs include \"\"March of the Wildcats\"\". Villanova had a tradition of throwing paper streamers in the school colors of blue and white onto the basketball court at home games, particularly Big Five games, after the first Wildcat basket. This tradition was shared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811684", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nWildcats played their first game in the Spectrum in Philadelphia. Because of the greater seating capacity, the 'Cats generally played a few home games each year at the Spectrum until the opening of what is now known as the Wells Fargo Center. Villanova christened its current home court as John Eleuthère du Pont Pavilion, now the Pavilion, with a 64–62 victory over Len Bias led Maryland squad on February 1, 1986. In 1985, under the direction of coach Rollie Massimino, the men's basketball team completed one of the most surprising runs in NCAA tournament history by winning the national championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385943", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nto I-AA, Villanova has made 12 appearances in the I-AA/FCS playoffs making trips to the NCAA Semifinal in 2002 and 2010 and winning the 2009 FCS National Championship. The Wildcats played in the NCAA Division I Football Championship game on December 18, 2009 against the Montana Grizzlies. The Wildcats beat the Grizzlies 23–21 to win their first NCAA Division I-AA National Championship. Villanova played in bowl games following the 1936, 1947, 1948, 1961, and 1962 college football seasons. After 87 seasons, the Board of Trustees voted to drop Football in April 1981 due to financial losses and poor attendance. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720049", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\n18 total made attempts). In the NCAA Tournament Championship Game they played the Michigan Wolverines, the 3 seed from the West Region. The Wildcats earned their third national championship in school history by beating the Wolverines 79–62. The game saw an historic performance by Big East Sixth Man of the Year Donte DiVincenzo (31 points, 5 rebounds, 3 assists, 2 steals and 2 blocks), named the 2018 Final Four's Most Outstanding Player. Coach Wright led the team to a 36–4 record for the 2017–18 season (14–4 Big East). The 36–4 mark sets the record for most wins in any Villanova", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720029", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nWright's tenure, Villanova has compiled a 20–10 record in the NCAA Tournament crowned with the 2016 National Championship. Six of Wright's ten NCAA Tournament losses at Villanova were to the eventual National Champion. One of the highlights of his tenure was an amazing run to the 2009 Final Four when Villanova beat #1 seeded Pittsburgh in the Elite 8 on a coast to coast buzzer beater shot by team captain Scottie Reynolds. Villanova subsequently lost the national semifinals to eventual NCAA Champion North Carolina. The struggling finishes to both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons were highlighted by losing streaks down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5166717", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament and determined the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on Monday, April 4, 2016, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, between the Villanova Wildcats and the North Carolina Tar Heels. The first half was closely fought, with neither team leading by more than five points in the first 19 minutes. After North Carolina briefly took a seven-point lead in the final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8245887", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n180 countries. In Canada, the game aired on TSN. Radio coverage in the United States was provided by Westwood One. 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13421054", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nnational titles—La Salle in 1954 and Villanova in 1985, 2016, and 2018. Villanova's victory over Georgetown in the 1985 championship game is widely considered one of the greatest upsets in NCAA basketball history. Temple, Penn, Villanova, and Saint Joseph's all rank among the top 50 Division I teams in number of games won. Three Big 5 players have won the Naismith College Player of the Year award: Lionel Simmons of La Salle in 1990, Jameer Nelson of St. Joseph's in 2004, and Jalen Brunson of Villanova in 2018. Saint Joseph's and La Salle compete in the Atlantic 10, while Penn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720054", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nVillanova's first loss of 2015, and the 2016 Big East Tournament championship as well as a Villanova blowout in a game that resulted in Seton Hall guard Sterling Gibbs punching Villanova guard Ryan Arcidiacono in 2015 and a narrow victory in the closing seconds of the 2017 Big East Tournament semifinals. Villanova along with Saint Joseph's University, La Salle University, Temple University, and University of Pennsylvania banded together to create the Philadelphia Big 5 in 1954–55. From that date until the mid-1970s all Big 5 games were contested at the Palestra (cap. 9,208) on Penn's campus. The Five competed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483135", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Wright (basketball)\"\nJay Wright (basketball) Jerold Taylor \"\"Jay\"\" Wright Jr. (born December 24, 1961) is an American college basketball coach. He is currently the men's head coach at Villanova University, a position he has held since 2001. He previously served as head coach at Hofstra University (1994–2001), leading the program to NCAA Tournament appearances in both 2000 and 2001. Wright has led the Villanova Wildcats to five Big East conference championships and 13 NCAA Tournament appearances in his 17 seasons as head coach. Wright took Villanova to the Final Four in 2009. Wright then led Villanova to the 2016 NCAA Championship, defeating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18517020", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team\"\nJenkins, assisted by Arcidiacano, as time expired. The Wildcats won the school's second national title, having previously won the 1985 NCAA Tournament. Their 35 wins were the most in school history, breaking a record of 33 wins set the previous season. In beating No. 3 seed Miami (AP No. 10), No. 1 seed Kansas (AP No. 1), No. 2 seed Oklahoma (AP No. 7) and No. 1 seed UNC (AP No. 3), Villanova became the first school in 31 years — since the 1985 Villanova Wildcats — to not only beat four top-three seeds on the way to a national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483151", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Wright (basketball)\"\nVillanova earned a #2 seed in the South Region, defeating UNC Asheville, Iowa, Miami and Kansas to advance to the Final Four for the first time since 2009. In the national semifinal, Villanova defeated Oklahoma 95–51, the largest margin of victory in Final Four history. The Wildcats then proceeded to defeat North Carolina in the national title game, 77–74, on a 3-point shot by Kris Jenkins as time expired, earning Wright his first championship. In addition to the record shattering 44-point defeat of Oklahoma in the Final Four, the 2016 championship run included numerous other notable achievements. Villanova was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5895209", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\ndivides its home schedule between its on-campus arena, the William B. Finneran Pavilion, and the Wells Fargo Center in South Philadelphia, for larger draws. During the 2017-18 season, the team played its entire home schedule that season at the Wells Fargo Center following the reconstruction of the Pavilion scheduled to be completed in time for the 2018-19 school year. Wright has taken the Wildcats to 12 postseason appearances including 7 consecutive trips (2005–2011) and 5 consecutive trips (2013-2017) to the NCAA Tournament. The 2011-12 team struggled and missed postseason but Coach Wright brought a surprising young team back to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385939", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nfrom 2001 to 2004 before playing in the WNIT in 2005, 2006 and 2008. The 2002-03 season was a special one for the Wildcats. In addition to an impressive 28-6 overall record and a 12-4 Big East Conference mark, the Wildcats won their third Big East Conference Tournament championship and first since 1987 with an improbable 52-48 upset over previously unbeaten Connecticut. The win snapped Connecticut's then NCAA Division I women's basketball record of 70-straight victories and ended Connecticut's streak of nine-straight conference tournament championships. The dean of the Big East and Big 5 coaches, Harry Perretta has brought the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720050", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nseason. Jalen Brunson received the Wooden Award as well as Associated Press and Naismith National Player of the Year Awards for his season leading the Wildcats. Mikal Bridges was presented the Julius Erving Award as the nation’s best small forward—the second straight year a Villanova player achieved that honor after Josh Hart won it in 2017. Jay Wright was named winner of the John R. Wooden Legends of Coaching Award. Big East Most Improved Player of the Year Villanova has appeared in 38 NCAA Tournaments, beginning with the first in 1939. The Wildcats have amassed a tournament record of 64–36", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18459967", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova University\"\nby coach Jay Wright. In the 2006–2007 season, the Wildcats had a record of 22–11, and lost to Kentucky in the first round of the 2007 tournament. In the 2008 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the team was eliminated by the top-seeded, eventual champion Kansas Jayhawks in the Sweet 16, after upsetting the fifth seeded Clemson Tigers in the 1st round and defeating the thirteenth seeded Siena Saints in the 2nd round. In the 2009 tournament, the Wildcats upset the No. 1 seed Pittsburgh Panthers on a last second shot by guard Scottie Reynolds to win the East Region", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811689", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\n1st round NCAA game many Villanova fans consider the most painful loss in Villanova history. Under Coach Lappas, Villanova reached the NCAA Tournament in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1999, compiling a disappointing 2–4 record and never advancing beyond the Second Round. After a 2001 First Round NIT loss at Minnesota, junior center Michael Bradley announced he was forgoing his final year of eligibility to enter the NBA draft, essentially leaving Villanova without a returning star player. Shortly thereafter, Hofstra coach and former Massimino assistant Jay Wright became available, and the Administration decided a coaching change would benefit all parties. Lappas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811679", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\ncoached Villanova for 12 years, from 1961 through 1973. He compiled a 238–95 record (.715). Kraft led Villanova to the NCAA Tournament six times, and five times to the NIT. Only once did Kraft's teams fail to earn a post-season bid, in his final season. Notable players during the Jack Kraft era include: Chris Ford, Tom Ingelsby, Wali Jones, Bill Melchionni, Howard Porter, Jim Washington, and Hubie White. On March 27, 1971, Villanova made its first appearance in an NCAA basketball tournament championship game. The unheralded Wildcats took on the legendary John Wooden and his mighty UCLA Bruins. The 28–1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5166721", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\nthe Final Four for the first time since 2009. In the 2016 Final Four, Villanova defeated Oklahoma, 95–51, the largest margin of victory in Final Four history, to advance to the National Championship Game for the first time since their 1985 National Championship run. The game also featured the second-best shooting percentage in a Final Four game, behind only Villanova's 1985 Championship Game performance of 78.6% (22-for-28). After a 25–6 regular season and winning the 2016 ACC regular season championship, North Carolina beat Pittsburgh, Notre Dame, and Virginia en route to the ACC Tournament Championship. They were rewarded with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12809254", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team\"\nthe Sweet Sixteen. In the Sweet Sixteen, they defeated Miami and upset overall No. 1 seed Kansas in the Elite Eight to advance to the fifth Final Four in school history. In the Final Four, the Wildcats defeated Oklahoma to advance to the school's third National Championship game. In the National Championship game, they defeated No. 1 seed North Carolina to earn the second NCAA Championship title in school history, the first since 1985. Prior to the season, Villanova was picked to win the Big East in a poll of Big East coaches. Josh Hart was named preseason Big East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720040", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nto the Final Four where they faced the North Carolina Tar Heels. Villanova fell to the Tar Heels in the National Semifinals at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan, by a final score of 83–69. This was the fourth time in five years that Villanova's tournament ouster was by the eventual national champion. The Wildcats' record of 30–8 broke a previous high for most victories in a season, a distinction previously held by the 2005–06 Wildcats squad. The senior class of 2009, composed of forwards Dante Cunningham, Shane Clark, Dwayne Anderson and Frank Tchuisi, earned the distinction of being the winningest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720031", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nboth ended quickly in the Round of 32 showing a negative 6 year trend where Jay Wright went 3–5 in NCAA Tournament games despite favorable seeds. This drew comparisons to Steve Lappas tournament futility in the prior regime. The 2016 Championship ended that long drought. Notable players during the Jay Wright era include Randy Foye, Kyle Lowry, Dante Cunningham, Allan Ray, Will Sheridan, Curtis Sumpter, Scottie Reynolds, Corey Fisher, Maalik Wayns, Mouphtaou Yarou, JayVaughn Pinkston, Darrun Hilliard, Ryan Arcidiacono, Daniel Ochefu, Kris Jenkins and Josh Hart. Under coach Jay Wright, Villanova's men's basketball team reached the 2005 NCAA Tournament Sweet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483155", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Wright (basketball)\"\nthen proceeded to defeat Michigan in the National Championship Game, 79-62 to give Wright his second championship in three years. Assistant head coach Ashley Howard left Villanova on April 8, 2018 to become the head coach at La Salle University, a Philadelphia Big 5 rival. Wright has coached, as a head coach or assistant coach, basketball teams representing the United States three times in international competitions. He led Team USA to a gold medal at the 2005 World University Games as head coach, and was an assistant coach in the 2000 World Championship for Young Men Qualifying Tournament. Wright coached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18459966", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova University\"\nupsets in college basketball history. In 2005, under the direction of coach Jay Wright, Villanova's men's basketball team reached the NCAA Tournament Sweet 16, losing to No. 1 seed and eventual champion North Carolina by one point on a traveling call on Allan Ray. In 2005–2006, the team began the year ranked No. 4 in the major polls from \"\"USA Today\"\" and the Associated Press. A 75–62 loss to eventual champion Florida ended the team's run for a second NCAA championship in the Regional Final. This team was led by a four guard set, a unique type of lineup designed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811687", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\neight-seed and the lowest overall seed in tournament history to win the championship, and their overall team shooting percentage remains an NCAA tournament record for a single game. The game is often cited among the greatest upsets in college basketball history. Ed Pinckney, who shot 5-of-7 and had 16 points in the game, was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. This game is featured in the book \"\"The Perfect Game\"\" by Frank Fitzpatrick. Lappas compiled a very respectable record of 174–110 (.613) during his years at Villanova. The 1994 and 1995 teams, led by Kerry Kittles, Jason Lawson, Eric Eberz,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3653333", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats football\"\nCoach Talley returned the NCAA FCS playoffs for the 12th and final time in 2016, defeating St. Francis before bowing to South Dakota State on a last second snow blown field goal banked off the upright by the Jack's Adam Vinatierri, Jr. The Wildcats won their first national championship on December 18, 2009 under Andy Talley. The team defeated the Montana Grizzlies in the national championship game in Chattanooga by a score of 23–21. The Walter Payton Award is awarded annually to the most outstanding college offensive player in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA) as chosen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720043", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\noutright Regular Season Conference Title. After losing in the Big East Tournament Championship Game to Seton Hall, 69–67, the Wildcats earned a 2 seed in the NCAA Tournament South Region where they dispatched the #15 seeded UNC Asheville by 30 points, followed by a 19-point win over #7 seed Iowa. After defeating #3 seed Miami by 23, they moved on to the Elite Eight to face the overall #1 seed Kansas Jayhawks. The Wildcats defense shined as they won by 5 points to advance to their 5th Final Four and the first since 2009. They faced #2 seed Oklahoma Sooners,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8245882", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\nthe No. 6 Houston Cougars, 64–63, on a buzzer beater by Jordan Poole. They made it to the Elite Eight by defeating the Texas A&M Aggies, 99–72. Michigan advanced to the Final Four by defeating the Florida State Seminoles, 58–54, and defeated the \"\"Cinderella story\"\" of the tournament, the Loyola-Chicago Ramblers, in the Final Four by a score of 69–57. The Villanova Wildcats won the NCAA Tournament in 2016. In 2017–18, Villanova set the NCAA record for three-point shots in a season and in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. After completing a 30–4 regular season, including winning the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9362050", "chunk_text": "Mid-major\nmember Connecticut won national titles in both men's and women's basketball. The American also includes several other historically major men's programs such as Cincinnati, Houston, Memphis, Temple, South Florida, and Wichita State. Big East member Villanova, meanwhile, won the men's basketball national championship in the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 seasons. In addition, Ken Pomeroy has ranked the Big East a top four conference each year since realignment (The American has been consistently ranked in the top 10). The term \"\"mid-major\"\" is sometimes used to describe all of the other 25 basketball-playing conferences not receiving automatic tie-ins to either the BCS or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17026056", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova University\"\nmeeting between Villanova and the University of Connecticut set the record for the highest attendance at a college basketball game in Pennsylvania, with 20,859 attendees. The Villanova men's football team competes in the NCAA Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA) in the Colonial Athletic Association. On December 18, 2009, the team were CAA conference champions and defeated the Montana Grizzlies to be crowned the 2009 NCAA Division I-AA champions. The university continues to play in the Colonial Athletic Association for football as the new, restructured Big East Conference does not include football as a conference sport. The Villanova men's lacrosse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13720047", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nbeating AP-ranked Iowa in the Round of 32. Villanova's run included two of the ten most offensively efficient games in the analytics era (2002–present), beating Miami and Oklahoma by scoring 1.56 and 1.51 points per possession in the Sweet Sixteen and Final Four, respectively. It has been called perhaps the most dominant tournament championship run of all time, and the most dominant of the analytics era by a wide margin, with Villanova posting an average margin of victory equal to 20.7 points per game (+124 total point margin). The Wildcats finished second in regular season Big East play, won the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14841202", "chunk_text": "\"Curse of Billy Penn\"\n(in Philadelphia) has also lost five times in the Elite Eight (1988, 1991, 1993, 1999, 2001). Villanova ended the college basketball drought for the Philadelphia teams with a national championship in 2016 and 2018. The curse, however, was apparently not extended to professional teams outside the four major sports. The then–Philadelphia Wings of the NLL (indoor lacrosse winter league) won six titles between 1989 and 2001, before moving in 2014, and the now-defunct Philadelphia Barrage of the MLL (outdoor summer lacrosse league) won three championships (2004, 2006, and 2007). The AHL's Philadelphia Phantoms, the Flyers' top minor-league affiliate from 1996", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811688", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\nand Alvin Williams, won the NIT and Big East Tournaments, respectively. The 1995 Big East Tournament title was capped by a decisive victory over a Connecticut team that had been ranked Number 1 during the regular season before being defeated on the Huskies home court by Villanova. This represents the one and only time Villanova won the original Big East Tournament before the Conference was reconfigured in 2013. However, five nights after their victory in the 1995 Big East Championship, the Wildcats lost a triple-overtime thriller to underdog Old Dominion on St. Patrick's Night in Albany, New York in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10811717", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\na round-robin City Series. Additionally, all participated in numerous doubleheaders against non-Big 5 opponents. Most games were televised locally on WPHL-TV, broadcast by Harry Kalas. Since the beginning of the 1996–1997 season, Villanova has won 15 out of 21 Big 5 titles. They currently have 25 total Big 5 titles which is second most among the participating schools. Villanova's bitterest Big 5 rival is Saint Joseph's University, in what has become known as the Holy War. Villanova basketball athletes traditionally remain enrolled four years, graduate, and go on to enjoy post-college success. Villanova has never had to fire a head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_164	two examples where low voltage transformers are used?	n/a	[ "doorbell installations", "toys" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13269126", "chunk_text": "\"Low-voltage network\"\nboth short-circuit and overload protection, while low-voltage circuit breakers may be used in special circumstances. Spot networks are used when increased reliability of supply is required for important customers. The low-voltage network is supplied from two or more distribution transformers at a single site, each fed from a different MV feeder (which may originate from the same or different substations). The transformers are connected together with a bus or a cable on secondary side, termed \"\"paralleling bus\"\" or \"\"collector bus\"\". The paralleling bus typically does not have connecting cables (\"\"reaches\"\") to other network units, in which case such networks are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14285718", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nis at a much lower frequency than that of the power grid, which is normally 50 or 60 Hz. A lower frequency reduces the effect of inductance, so the voltage required can be reduced. The LFH drying method is also used for service of older transformers. Larger transformers are provided with high-voltage insulated bushings made of polymers or porcelain. A large bushing can be a complex structure since it must provide careful control of the electric field gradient without letting the transformer leak oil. Transformers can be classified in many ways, such as the following: Various specific electrical application designs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20907809", "chunk_text": "\"Instrument transformer\"\nmay be present. Sometimes a second isolated winding (Y, Y, Y) (and third (Z, Z, Z) may also be available on the same voltage transformer. The primary may be connected phase to ground or phase to phase. The secondary is usually grounded on one terminal to avoid capacitive induction from damaging low-voltage equipment and for human safety. There are three primary types of potential transformers (PT): electromagnetic, capacitor, and optical. The electromagnetic potential transformer is a wire-wound transformer. The capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) uses a capacitance potential divider and is used at higher voltages due to a lower cost than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3476930", "chunk_text": "\"Distribution transformer\"\nDistribution transformer A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. The invention of a practical efficient transformer made AC power distribution feasible; a system using distribution transformers was demonstrated as early as 1882. If mounted on a utility pole, they are called pole-mount transformers. If the distribution lines are located at ground level or underground, distribution transformers are mounted on concrete pads and locked in steel cases, thus known as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2524580", "chunk_text": "\"Low-voltage network\"\nLow-voltage network A low-voltage network or secondary network is a part of electric power distribution which carries electric energy from distribution transformers to electricity meters of end customers. Secondary networks are operated at a low voltage level, which is typically equal to the mains voltage of electric appliances. Most modern secondary networks are operated at AC rated voltage of 100–127 or 220–240 volts, at the frequency of 50 or 60 hertz (see mains electricity by country). Operating voltage, required number of phases (three-phase or single-phase) and required reliability dictate topology and configuration of the network. The simplest form are radial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2364847", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\nthis case, it is short-circuit inductance which is actually acting as a current limiting parameter. The output and input currents are low enough to prevent thermal overload under all load conditions—even if the secondary is shorted. Leakage transformers are used for arc welding and high voltage discharge lamps (neon lights and cold cathode fluorescent lamps, which are series connected up to 7.5 kV AC). It acts then both as a voltage transformer and as a magnetic ballast. Other applications are short-circuit-proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations. A resonant transformer is a transformer in which one or both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750027", "chunk_text": "\"Buck–boost transformer\"\nBuck–boost transformer A buck–boost transformer is a type of transformer used to make adjustments to the voltage applied to alternating current equipment. Buck–boost connections are used in several places such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units for computers and in the tanning bed industry. Buck–boost transformers can be used to power low voltage circuits including control, lighting circuits, or applications that require 12, 16, 24, 32 or 48 volts, consistent with the design's secondaries. The transformer is connected as an isolating transformer and the nameplate kVA rating is the transformer’s capacity. Buck-boost transformers may be used for electrical equipment where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14285719", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nrequire a variety of transformer types. Although they all share the basic characteristic transformer principles, they are customized in construction or electrical properties for certain installation requirements or circuit conditions. Since the high voltages carried in the wires are significantly greater than what is needed in-home, transformers are also used extensively in electronic products to decrease (or step-down) the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage circuits they contain. The transformer also electrically isolates the end user from contact with the supply voltage. Transformers are used to increase (or step-up) voltage before transmitting electrical energy over long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16956441", "chunk_text": "\"Variable-frequency transformer\"\nVariable-frequency transformer A variable-frequency transformer (VFT) is used to transmit electricity between two (asynchronous or synchronous) alternating current frequency domains. The VFT is a relatively recent development. Most asynchronous grid inter-ties use high-voltage direct current converters, while synchronous grid inter-ties are connected by lines and \"\"ordinary\"\" transformers, but without the ability to control power flow between the systems. It can be thought of as a very high power synchro, or a rotary converter acting as a frequency changer, which is more efficient than a motor–generator of the same rating. A variable-frequency transformer is a doubly fed electric machine resembling a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3936113", "chunk_text": "\"Spark gap\"\nhigh voltage in the 10,000–30,000-volt range, such as a neon sign transformer (5–15 kV) or a television picture tube circuit (flyback transformer) (10–28 kV), and two coat hangers or rods built into a \"\"V\"\" shape. For larger ladders, microwave oven transformers connected in series, voltage multipliers and utility pole transformers (pole pigs) run in reverse (step-up) are commonly used. Exposure to an arc-producing device can pose health hazards. An arc formed in air will ionize oxygen and nitrogen, which then can re-form into reactive molecules such as ozone and nitric oxide. These products can be damaging to the mucous membranes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11020654", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\nsuitable for RF. These are used for high frequency work. The lack of a core means very low inductance. All current excites current and induces secondary voltage which is proportional to the mutual inductance. Such transformers may be nothing more than a few turns of wire soldered onto a printed circuit board. Ferrite-core transformers are widely used in impedance matching transformers for RF, especially for baluns (see below) for TV and radio antennas. Many only have one or two turns. For radio frequency use, transformers are sometimes made from configurations of transmission line, sometimes bifilar or coaxial cable, wound around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9665772", "chunk_text": "\"Low-voltage network\"\nconnections, up to , while in European design they can reach up to . North American distribution transformers must be therefore placed much closer to consumers, and are smaller (25–50 kVA), while European ones can cover larger areas and thus have higher ratings (300–1000 kVA); only the remote rural areas in European design are served by single-phase transformers. As the low-voltage distribute the electric power to the widest class of end users, another main design concern is safety of consumers who use the electric appliances and their protection against electric shocks. An earthing system, in combination with protective devices such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12147120", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nvoltage supply to a low voltage load was a series circuit. Open-core transformers with a ratio near 1:1 were connected with their primaries in series to allow use of a high voltage for transmission while presenting a low voltage to the lamps. The inherent flaw in this method was that turning off a single lamp (or other electric device) affected the voltage supplied to all others on the same circuit. Many adjustable transformer designs were introduced to compensate for this problematic characteristic of the series circuit, including those employing methods of adjusting the core or bypassing the magnetic flux around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13469353", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nleakage is desired, and long magnetic paths, air gaps, or magnetic bypass shunts may deliberately be introduced in a transformer design to limit the short-circuit current it will supply. Leaky transformers may be used to supply loads that exhibit negative resistance, such as electric arcs, mercury- and sodium- vapor lamps and neon signs or for safely handling loads that become periodically short-circuited such as electric arc welders. Air gaps are also used to keep a transformer from saturating, especially audio-frequency transformers in circuits that have a DC component flowing in the windings. A saturable reactor exploits saturation of the core", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11343687", "chunk_text": "\"Current transformer\"\ndifferential output. The Rogowski coil uses this effect and requires an external integrator in order to provide a voltage output that is proportional to the measured current. Ultimately, depending on client requirements, there are two main standards to which current transformers are designed. IEC 61869-1 (in the past IEC 60044-1) & IEEE C57.13 (ANSI), although the Canadian and Australian standards are also recognised. Current transformers are used for protection, measurement and control in high-voltage electrical substations and the electrical grid. Current transformers may be installed inside switchgear or in apparatus bushings, but very often free-standing outdoor current transformers are used.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11750932", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\nTransformer types A variety of types of electrical transformer are made for different purposes. Despite their design differences, the various types employ the same basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and share several key functional parts. This is the most common type of transformer, widely used in electric power transmission and appliances to convert mains voltage to low voltage to power electronic devices. They are available in power ratings ranging from mW to MW. The insulated laminations minimizes eddy current losses in the iron core. Small appliance and electronic transformers may use a split bobbin, giving a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "139103", "chunk_text": "\"Flyback transformer\"\nFlyback transformer A flyback transformer (FBT), also called a line output transformer (LOPT), is a special type of electrical transformer. It was initially designed to generate high voltage sawtooth signals at a relatively high frequency. In modern applications, it is used extensively in switched-mode power supplies for both low (3 V) and high voltage (over 10 kV) supplies. The flyback transformer circuit was invented as a means of controlling the horizontal movement of the electron beam in a cathode ray tube (CRT). Unlike conventional transformers, a flyback transformer is not fed with a signal of the same waveshape as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2460400", "chunk_text": "\"Capacitor voltage transformer\"\nCapacitor voltage transformer A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT or CCVT), is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for metering or operating a protective relay. In its most basic form, the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the transmission line signal is split, an inductive element to tune the device to the line frequency, and a voltage transformer to isolate and further step down the voltage for metering devices or protective relay. The tuning of the divider to the line frequency makes the overall division", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12107212", "chunk_text": "\"Low voltage ride through\"\nto supply make-up power during these events. Many generator designs use electric current flowing through windings to produce the magnetic field on which the motor or generator operates. This is in contrast to designs that use permanent magnets to generate this field instead. Such devices may have a minimum working voltage, below which the device does not work correctly, or does so at greatly reduced efficiency. Some will disconnect themselves from the circuit when these conditions apply. The effect is more pronounced in doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG), which have two sets of powered magnetic windings, than in squirrel-cage induction generators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14285697", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nrelays to protect the transformer from overvoltage at higher than rated frequency. One example is in traction transformers used for electric multiple unit and high-speed train service operating across regions with different electrical standards. The converter equipment and traction transformers have to accommodate different input frequencies and voltage (ranging from as high as 50 Hz down to 16.7 Hz and rated up to 25 kV) while being suitable for multiple AC asynchronous motor and DC converters and motors with varying harmonics mitigation filtering requirements. At much higher frequencies the transformer core size required drops dramatically: a physically small and cheap", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12457121", "chunk_text": "\"Electric power conversion\"\nconsidered power converters, such as the flyback transformer subsystem powering a CRT, generating high voltage at approximately 15 kHz. Consumer electronics usually include an AC adapter (a type of power supply) to convert mains-voltage AC current to low-voltage DC suitable for consumption by microchips. Consumer voltage converters (also known as \"\"travel converters\"\") are used when travelling between countries that use ~120 V versus ~240 V AC mains power. (There are also consumer \"\"adapters\"\" which merely form an electrical connection between two differently shaped AC power plugs and sockets, but these change neither voltage nor frequency.) Transformers are used in power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7322922", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\nthe measured current. Another, called a Rogowski coil, requires an external integrator in order to provide a proportional output. A current clamp uses a current transformer with a split core that can be easily wrapped around a conductor in a circuit. This is a common method used in portable current measuring instruments but permanent installations use more economical types of current transformer. Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers (PT), are a parallel connected type of instrument transformer, used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits or phasor phase shift isolation. They are designed to present negligible load to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8468592", "chunk_text": "\"Impedance matching\"\nengineers use combinations of transformers, resistors, inductors, capacitors and transmission lines. These passive (and active) impedance-matching devices are optimized for different applications and include baluns, antenna tuners (sometimes called ATUs or roller-coasters, because of their appearance), acoustic horns, matching networks, and terminators. Transformers are sometimes used to match the impedances of circuits. A transformer converts alternating current at one voltage to the same waveform at another voltage. The power input to the transformer and output from the transformer is the same (except for conversion losses). The side with the lower voltage is at low impedance (because this has the lower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750030", "chunk_text": "\"Buck–boost transformer\"\nand secondary coils to achieve this flexibility. They may be designed for hard-wired installations (no plugs) or with plug and receptacle to allow the same transformer to be used in several different applications. The same transformer can be rewired to raise or lower voltage by 5%, 10% or 15%. The primary may have wiring combinations for dual voltage usage: example for either 120 V AC or 240 V AC applications, depending on the final wiring done by the electrician. Not all equipment requires voltage correction. These transformers are used when electrical equipment has a voltage requirement that is slightly out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13269127", "chunk_text": "\"Low-voltage network\"\ntermed \"\"isolating spot networks\"\"; when they have, they are referred to as \"\"spot networks with reach\"\". In some cases, fast-acting secondary bus tie breakers may be applied between bus sections to isolate faults in the secondary switchgear and limit loss of service. Spot systems are commonly applied in high load-density areas such as business districts, large hospitals, small industry and important facilities such as water supply systems. In normal operation, the energy supply is provided by both primary feeders in parallel. In case of an outage of either primary feeder, network protector device at the corresponding spot transformer secondary automatically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8123333", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\nor between a high impedance instrument output and the low impedance input of a mixing console. Audio transformers that operate with loudspeaker voltages and current are larger than those that operate at microphone or line level, which carry much less power. Bridge transformers connect 2-wire and 4-wire communication circuits. Being magnetic devices, audio transformers are susceptible to external magnetic fields such as those generated by AC current-carrying conductors. \"\"Hum\"\" is a term commonly used to describe unwanted signals originating from the \"\"mains\"\" power supply (typically 50 or 60 Hz). Audio transformers used for low-level signals, such as those from microphones,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530050", "chunk_text": "\"Low voltage ride through\"\nLow voltage ride through In electrical power engineering, fault ride through (FRT), sometimes under-voltage ride through (UVRT), or low voltage ride through (LVRT), is the capability of electric generators to stay connected in short periods of lower electric network voltage (cf. voltage dip). It is needed at distribution level (wind parks, PV systems, distributed cogeneration, etc.) to prevent a short circuit at HV or EHV level from causing a widespread loss of generation. Similar requirements for critical loads such as computer systems and industrial processes are often handled through the use of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or capacitor bank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "996774", "chunk_text": "\"Current transformer\"\ntransformers are mounted on porcelain or polymer insulators to isolate them from ground. Some CT configurations slip around the bushing of a high-voltage transformer or circuit breaker, which automatically centers the conductor inside the CT window. Current transformers can be mounted on the low voltage or high voltage leads of a power transformer. Sometimes a section of a bus bar can be removed to replace a current transformer. Often, multiple CTs are installed as a \"\"stack\"\" for various uses. For example, protection devices and revenue metering may use separate CTs to provide isolation between metering and protection circuits and allows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12147085", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nTransformer A transformer is a static electrical device (sometimes called an electrical machine) that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or \"\"voltage\"\" across a second coil wound around the same core. Electric power can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described the induced voltage effect in any coil due to changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil. Transformers are used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3734503", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers and Electricals Kerala Limited\"\nto various state electricity boards, organizations and other utilities. \"\"Voltage transformers\"\" (VT), also known as \"\"potential transformers\"\" (PT), are a parallel connected type of instrument transformer, used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits or phasor phase shift isolation. TELK manufactures hermetically sealed, oil impregnated paper insulated, oil filled, porcelain type outdoor electromagnetic potential transformers up to 245 kV. A \"\"transformer bushing\"\" is an insulated device that allows an electrical conductor to pass safely through a grounded conducting barrier. TELK was the first Indian company to manufacture 420 kV oil impregnated paper condenser bushings in the year 1970. Transformers manufactured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14285721", "chunk_text": "Transformer\nthe input of amplifiers. Audio transformers allowed telephone circuits to carry on a two-way conversation over a single pair of wires. A balun transformer converts a signal that is referenced to ground to a signal that has balanced voltages to ground, such as between external cables and internal circuits. Transformers made to medical grade standards isolate the users from the direct current. These are found commonly used in conjunction with hospital beds, dentist chairs, and other medical lab equipment. Electromagnetic induction, the principle of the operation of the transformer, was discovered independently by Michael Faraday in 1831, Joseph Henry in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20033785", "chunk_text": "\"Trigger transformer\"\nTrigger transformer A Trigger transformer is a small, usually ferrite cored transformer used in applications requiring a high voltage pulse, typically to start ionization of a gas to allow a current to pass. A commonly used device requiring a trigger transformer are strobe lights. Strobe lights consist of a tube containing an inert gas, such as xenon. Capacitors inside the light are charged up to a relatively high voltage, roughly 300 Volts for small strobes. This voltage itself is not capable of ionizing the gas in the flash tube, and the tube will not fire. If the capacitors were charged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14887846", "chunk_text": "\"Padmount transformer\"\nPadmount transformer A padmount or pad-mounted transformer is a ground mounted electric power distribution transformer in a locked steel cabinet mounted on a concrete pad. Since all energized connection points are securely enclosed in a grounded metal housing, a padmount transformer can be installed in places that do not have room for a fenced enclosure. Padmount transformers are used with underground electric power distribution lines at service drops, to step down the primary voltage on the line to the lower secondary voltage supplied to utility customers. A single transformer may serve one large building, or many homes. Pad-mounted transformers are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18958943", "chunk_text": "\"Isolation transformer\"\nno conductive connection between transformer secondary and earth, there is no danger in touching a live part of the circuit while another part of the body is earthed. Electrical isolation is considered to be particularly important on medical equipment, and special standards apply. Often the system must additionally be designed so that fault conditions do not interrupt power, but generate a warning. Isolation transformers are also used for the power supply of devices not at ground potential. An example is the Austin transformer for the power supply of air-traffic obstacle warning lamps on radio antenna masts. Without the isolation transformer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750032", "chunk_text": "\"Buck–boost transformer\"\nvolts compared to the open measurement. The transformer must be rated to carry the full load current or it may be damaged. Buck–boost transformer A buck–boost transformer is a type of transformer used to make adjustments to the voltage applied to alternating current equipment. Buck–boost connections are used in several places such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units for computers and in the tanning bed industry. Buck–boost transformers can be used to power low voltage circuits including control, lighting circuits, or applications that require 12, 16, 24, 32 or 48 volts, consistent with the design's secondaries. The transformer is connected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5951", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\ncosts for civil works, transportation and installation. A pulse transformer is a transformer that is optimised for transmitting rectangular electrical pulses (that is, pulses with fast rise and fall times and a relatively constant amplitude). Small versions called \"\"signal\"\" types are used in digital logic and telecommunications circuits, often for matching logic drivers to transmission lines. Medium-sized \"\"power\"\" versions are used in power-control circuits such as camera flash controllers. Larger \"\"power\"\" versions are used in the electrical power distribution industry to interface low-voltage control circuitry to the high-voltage gates of power semiconductors. Special high voltage pulse transformers are also used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18407111", "chunk_text": "\"Voltage converter\"\ndifferent voltage. Such a device may be called a \"\"voltage converter\"\", \"\"power converter\"\", \"\"travel adapter\"\", etc. Most single phase alternating-current electrical outlets in the world supply power at 210–240 V or at 100–120 V. A transformer or autotransformer can be used; (auto)transformers are inherently reversible, so the same transformer can be used to step the voltage up, or step it down by the same ratio. Lighter and smaller devices can be made using electronic circuitry; reducing the voltage electronically is simpler and cheaper than increasing it. Small, inexpensive, \"\"travel adapters\"\" suitable for low-power devices such as electric shavers, but not,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3382231", "chunk_text": "\"Current transformer\"\nmetering current transformers are either a ring type or plastic molded case. Split-core current transformers either have a two-part core or a core with a removable section. This allows the transformer to be placed around a conductor without having to disconnect it first. Split-core current transformers are typically used in low current measuring instruments, often portable, battery-operated, and hand-held (see illustration lower right). Current transformers are used extensively for measuring current and monitoring the operation of the power grid. Along with voltage leads, revenue-grade CTs drive the electrical utility's watt-hour meter on many larger commercial and industrial supplies. High-voltage current", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "799418", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\noften include magnetic shielding to protect against extraneous magnetically coupled signals. Audio transformers were originally designed to connect different telephone systems to one another while keeping their respective power supplies isolated, and are still commonly used to interconnect professional audio systems or system components, to eliminate buzz and hum. Such transformers typically have a 1:1 ratio between the primary and the secondary. These can also be used for splitting signals, balancing unbalanced signals, or feeding a balanced signal to unbalanced equipment. Transformers are also used in DI boxes to convert high-impedance instrument signals (e.g., bass guitar) to low impedance signals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3476936", "chunk_text": "\"Distribution transformer\"\ndrops open to give a visual indication of trouble. It can also be manually opened while the line is energized by lineworkers using insulated hot sticks. In some cases completely self protected transformers are used, which have a circuit breaker built in, so a fused cutout isn't needed. The low voltage secondary windings are attached to three or four terminals on the transformer's side. Higher secondary voltages, such as 480 volts, are sometimes required for commercial and industrial uses. Some industrial customers require three-phase power at secondary voltages. To provide this, three-phase transformers can be used. In the US, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13536929", "chunk_text": "\"Magnet wire\"\nmotor size and cost, which may not be desirable in applications such as appliances and in automobiles. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through its coils (windings). The properties needed for motor windings are similar to those needed for transformers, but with the additional requirement to withstand mechanical vibration and centrifugal forces at operating temperatures. Transformer windings are normally made from copper but aluminium is a suitable competitor where weight and first cost are decisive factors. In North America, aluminium is the predominant choice of winding material for low-voltage, dry-type transformers larger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11020638", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\nwindings has a capacitor across it and functions as a tuned circuit. Used at radio frequencies, resonant transformers can function as high Q factor bandpass filters. The transformer windings have either air or ferrite cores and the bandwidth can be adjusted by varying the coupling (mutual inductance). One common form is the IF (intermediate frequency) transformer, used in superheterodyne radio receivers. They are also used in radio transmitters. Resonant transformers are also used in electronic ballasts for gas discharge lamps, and high voltage power supplies. They are also used in some types of switching power supplies. Here the short-circuit inductance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "66565", "chunk_text": "\"Low Voltage Directive\"\nrailway or maritime equipment, and electrical plugs and sockets for domestic use. In the United Kingdom, the directive is implemented by \"\"The Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994\"\" Low Voltage Directive The Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC is one of the oldest Single Market Directives adopted by the European Union before the \"\"New\"\" or \"\"Global\"\" Approach. The Directive provides common broad objectives for safety regulations, so that electrical equipment approved by any EU member country will be acceptable for use in all other EU countries. The Low Voltage Directive does not supply any specific technical standards that must be met, instead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13269130", "chunk_text": "\"Low-voltage network\"\noff the faulted cable, while the unaffected cables take over its load and continue to provide service. Primary feeder outages, as well as limiters and network protectors cleared because of previous faults, cause changes in load flow that are not readily detected, so their statuses may require a periodic inspection. The inherent system redundancy generally prevents any customer from experiencing outage. Low-voltage network A low-voltage network or secondary network is a part of electric power distribution which carries electric energy from distribution transformers to electricity meters of end customers. Secondary networks are operated at a low voltage level, which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3476932", "chunk_text": "\"Distribution transformer\"\nreactance. Distribution transformers are classified into different categories based on certain factors such as: Distribution transformers are normally located at a service drop, where wires run from a utility pole or underground power lines to a customer's premises. They are often used for the power supply of facilities outside settlements, such as isolated houses, farmyards or pumping stations at voltages below 30 kV. Another application is the power supply of the overhead wire of railways electrified with AC. In this case single phase distribution transformers are used. The number of customers fed by a single distribution transformer varies depending on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "996785", "chunk_text": "\"Current transformer\"\ndue to the current transformer's phase error. The introduction of electronic power and energy meters has allowed current phase error to be calibrated out. Bar-type current transformers have terminals for source and load connections of the primary circuit, and the body of the current transformer provides insulation between the primary circuit and ground. By use of oil insulation and porcelain bushings, such transformers can be applied at the highest transmission voltages. Ring-type current transformers are installed over a bus bar or an insulated cable and have only a low level of insulation on the secondary coil. To obtain non-standard ratios", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7322916", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\ntransformer is in a building or underground, oil pumps circulate the oil, and an oil-to-water heat exchanger may also be used. Some transformers may contain PCBs where or when its use was permitted. For example, until 1979 in South Africa. substitute fire-resistant liquids such as silicone oils are now used instead. Cast-resin power transformers encase the windings in epoxy resin. These transformers simplify installation since they are dry, without cooling oil, and so require no fire-proof vault for indoor installations. The epoxy protects the windings from dust and corrosive atmospheres. However, because the molds for casting the coils are only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5331828", "chunk_text": "Autotransformer\nIn practice, losses mean that both standard transformers and autotransformers are not perfectly reversible; one designed for stepping down a voltage will deliver slightly less voltage than required if it is used to step up. The difference is usually slight enough to allow reversal where the actual voltage level is not critical. Like multiple-winding transformers, autotransformers use time-varying magnetic fields to transfer power. They require alternating currents to operate properly and will not function on direct current. Autotransformers are frequently used in power applications to interconnect systems operating at different voltage classes, for example 132 kV to 66 kV for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "799404", "chunk_text": "\"Transformer types\"\npower supply. Ferrite core power transformers are widely used in switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs). The powder core enables high-frequency operation, and hence much smaller size-to-power ratio than laminated-iron transformers. Ferrite transformers are not used as power transformers at mains frequency since laminated iron cores cost less than an equivalent ferrite core. Manufacturers etch spiral patterns on a printed circuit board to form the \"\"windings\"\" of a planar transformer, replacing the turns of wire used to make other types. Some planar transformers are commercially sold as discrete components. Other planar transformers are one of many components on a printed circuit board.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3517256", "chunk_text": "Transformer\ndesigns with closed magnetic circuits where copper windings were either a) wound around iron wire ring core or b) surrounded by iron wire core. The two designs were the first application of the two basic transformer constructions in common use to this day, which can as a class all be termed as either core form or shell form (or alternatively, core type or shell type), as in a) or b), respectively (see images). The Ganz factory had also in the autumn of 1884 made delivery of the world's first five high-efficiency AC transformers, the first of these units having been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_165	what is the significance of the sahara desert?	n/a	[ "the largest hot desert" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508541", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nSahara The Sahara (, ; , ', 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for \"\"desert\"\", ' ( ). The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7498304", "chunk_text": "Sahara\ngovernment, who, according to Keenan, \"\"documented a space of intercultural mediation,\"\" contributing much to preserving the indigenous cultural identities in the region. Sahara The Sahara (, ; , ', 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for \"\"desert\"\", ' ( ). The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508542", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nthe north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert. For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (\"\"precession\"\") in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9676659", "chunk_text": "Desertification\nof the Sahara Desert. The world's most noted deserts have been formed by natural processes interacting over long intervals of time. During most of these times, deserts have grown and shrunk independent of human activities. Paleodeserts are large sand seas now inactive because they are stabilized by vegetation, some extending beyond the present margins of core deserts, such as the Sahara, the largest hot desert. Desertification has played a significant role in human history, contributing to the collapse of several large empires, such as Carthage, Greece, and the Roman Empire, as well as causing displacement of local populations. Historical evidence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1851405", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Desert (ecoregion)\"\nSahara Desert (ecoregion) The Sahara Desert ecoregion, as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), includes the hyper-arid center of the Sahara, between 18° and 30° N. It is one of several desert and xeric shrubland ecoregions that cover the northern portion of the African continent. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The vast desert encompasses several ecologically distinct regions. The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers an area of in the hot, hyper-arid center of the Sahara, surrounded on the north, south,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060369", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nis linked to a marked decline in the scale of the Nile floods between 2700 and 2100 BCE. The Sahara comprises several distinct ecoregions. With their variations in temperature, rainfall, elevation, and soil, these regions harbor distinct communities of plants and animals. The Atlantic coastal desert is a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast where fog generated offshore by the cool Canary Current provides sufficient moisture to sustain a variety of lichens, succulents, and shrubs. It covers an area of in the south of Morocco and Mauritania. The North Saharan steppe and woodlands is along the northern desert, next to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14137456", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Desert (ecoregion)\"\nLibya. Sahara Desert (ecoregion) The Sahara Desert ecoregion, as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), includes the hyper-arid center of the Sahara, between 18° and 30° N. It is one of several desert and xeric shrubland ecoregions that cover the northern portion of the African continent. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The vast desert encompasses several ecologically distinct regions. The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers an area of in the hot, hyper-arid center of the Sahara, surrounded on the north,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508546", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nDesert and others. These extremely arid areas often receive no rain for years. To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub eco-regions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. According to the botanical criteria of Frank White and geographer Robert Capot-Rey, the northern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the northern limit of date palm cultivation and the southern limit of the range of esparto, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508548", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nof annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually). Important cities located in the Sahara include Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, and El Oued in Algeria; Timbuktu in Mali; Agadez in Niger; Ghat in Libya; and Faya-Largeau in Chad. The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert. The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground. This steady descending airflow causes a warming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14137452", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Desert (ecoregion)\"\nthat crosses the ecoregion is the Nile River, which originates in central Africa and empties northwards into the Mediterranean Sea. Some areas encompass vast underground aquifers resulting in oases, while other regions severely lack water reserves. The Sahara Desert features a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification \"\"BWh\"\"). The Sahara Desert is one of the driest and hottest regions of the world, with a mean temperature sometimes over and the average high temperatures in summer are over for months at a time, and can even soar to . In desert rocky mountains such as the Tibesti in Libya or the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635133", "chunk_text": "Sahara\na climate cell which causes rising tropical air of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to bring rain to the tropics, while dry descending air, at about 20 degrees north, flows back to the equator and brings desert conditions to this region. It is associated with high rates of wind-blown mineral dust, and these dust levels are found as expected in marine cores from the north tropical Atlantic. But around 12,500 BCE the amount of dust in the cores in the Bølling/Allerød phase suddenly plummets and shows a period of much wetter conditions in the Sahara, indicating a Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) event", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18153225", "chunk_text": "Sahel\nSahel The Sahel () is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south. Having a semi-arid climate, it stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. The name is derived from the Arabic word \"\"\"\" (, ) meaning \"\"coast\"\" or \"\"shore\"\" in a figurative sense (in reference to the southern edge of the vast Sahara), while the name Swahili means \"\"coastal [dweller]\"\" in a literal sense. The Sahel part of Africa includes (from west to east) parts of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508543", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nEarth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population. The Sahara covers large parts of Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Western Sahara, Sudan and Tunisia. It covers , amounting to 31% of Africa. If all areas with a mean annual precipitation of less than 250 mm were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635114", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nconfined to the upper troposphere during the hottest periods. The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can not be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060350", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nhighest values are very close to the theoretical maximum value. A value of 4,300 h or 98% of the time would be recorded in Upper Egypt (Aswan, Luxor) and in the Nubian Desert (Wadi Halfa). The annual average direct solar irradiation is around 2,800 kWh/(m year) in the Great Desert. The Sahara has a huge potential for solar energy production. The constantly high position of the sun, the extremely low relative humidity, and the lack of vegetation and rainfall make the Great Desert the hottest continuously large area worldwide, and the hottest place on Earth during summer in some spots.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635148", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nas the olive tree are found to grow. It was long believed that the region had been this way since about 1600 BCE, after shifts in the Earth's axis increased temperatures and decreased precipitation, which led to the abrupt desertification of North Africa about 5,400 years ago. However, this theory has recently been called into dispute, when samples taken from several 7 million year old sand deposits led scientists to reconsider the timeline for desertification. The Kiffian culture is a prehistoric industry, or domain, that existed between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago in the Sahara, during the Neolithic Subpluvial. Human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508545", "chunk_text": "Sahara\ndesert, including the Aïr Mountains, Ahaggar Mountains, Saharan Atlas, Tibesti Mountains, Adrar des Iforas, and the Red Sea hills. The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi, a shield volcano in the Tibesti range of northern Chad. The central Sahara is hyperarid, with sparse vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis, where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid region, there are many subdivisions of the great desert: Tanezrouft, the Ténéré, the Libyan Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nubian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060363", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nwhich brought rain further north than it does today. By around 4200 BCE, however, the monsoon retreated south to approximately where it is today, leading to the gradual desertification of the Sahara. The Sahara is now as dry as it was about 13,000 years ago. The Sahara pump theory describes this cycle. During periods of a wet or \"\"Green Sahara\"\", the Sahara becomes a savanna grassland and various flora and fauna become more common. Following inter-pluvial arid periods, the Sahara area then reverts to desert conditions and the flora and fauna are forced to retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10552049", "chunk_text": "Desert\nSahara. In 1961, Peveril Meigs divided desert regions on Earth into three categories according to the amount of precipitation they received. In this now widely accepted system, extremely arid lands have at least twelve consecutive months without precipitation, arid lands have less than 250 mm (10 in) of annual precipitation, and semiarid lands have a mean annual precipitation of between 250 and 500 mm (10–20 in). Both extremely arid and arid lands are considered to be deserts while semiarid lands are generally referred to as steppes when they are grasslands. Deserts are also classified, according to their geographical location and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19990080", "chunk_text": "\"Algerian Desert\"\nAlgerian Desert The Algerian Desert () is located in north-central Africa and is part of the Sahara Desert. The desert occupies more than four-fifths of the Algerian territory. Its expansion starts from the Saharan Atlas, more or less as a stony desert and the farther inland you get the more of a sand dune desert it becomes. In the southwestern parts is the mountain range Tassili n'Ajjer located. This area is a subject of great archaeological interest and was put up on the \"\"World Heritage List\"\" by UNESCO in 1982. The area is known for extreme aridity and extreme heat,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8478039", "chunk_text": "Zaara\nZaara Zaara is an archaic variant of Sahara, both being English transliterations of the original Arabic word for \"\"desert\"\". It is an African region famed for its arid, barren characteristics, and was used by contemporary writers not just as a geographic reference, but also to illustrate the epitome of a dismal wasteland. Modern references to the Sahara as Zaara are very sparse. It generally cannot be found in online dictionaries or encyclopedias, not even as a footnote under the standard spelling. However, a few references can be found in antique books, particularly those regarding the animals of the region and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8564258", "chunk_text": "\"Rushdi Said\"\nthe Western Sahara with the Nile Valley to a network of transport and communications. It is proposed to stay within the area north of the Western Sahara and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea from the north and Qattara Depression and the Siwa Oasis from the south This vast area has a mild climate, flat topography and proximity to areas of energy of natural gas and centres of urbanization and the sea that can be used in the cooling water in many industries. (Pergamon, 1993) (Ministry of Industry, Petroleum and Mineral Wealth, Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority, 1971) (American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14137454", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Desert (ecoregion)\"\nof the Sahara Desert, along the boundary with the hot semi-arid climate (\"\"BSh\"\") of the Sahel, receives most of its annual rainfall during the highest-sun months (summer) when the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone moves up from the south. Wind- and sandstorms occur in early spring. Local inhabitants protect themselves from the heat, the sunshine, the dry air, the high diurnal temperature ranges and the sometimes dusty or sandy winds by covering their heads, such as the cheche garment worn by Tuareg. The Sahara was one of the first regions of Africa to be farmed. Some 5,000 years ago, the area was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17544620", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Sea\"\nSahara Sea The Sahara Sea was the name of a hypothetical macro-engineering project which proposed flooding endorheic basins in the Sahara Desert with waters from the Atlantic Ocean or Mediterranean Sea. The goal of this unrealized project was to create an inland sea that would cover the substantial areas of the Sahara Desert which lie below sea level, bringing humid air, rain, and agriculture deep into the desert. The possibility of such a project was raised several times by different scientists and engineers during the late 19th century and early 20th century, primarily from European colonial powers in Africa. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635124", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nrainfall due to the arrival of the Intertropical Convergence Zone from the south and the annual average rainfall ranges from to . For example, Timbuktu, Mali and Agadez, Niger are found in this zone. The vast central hyper-arid core of the desert is virtually never affected by northerly or southerly atmospheric disturbances and permanently remains under the influence of the strongest anticyclonic weather regime, and the annual average rainfall can drop to less than . In fact, most of the Sahara receives less than . Of the of desert land in the Sahara, an area of about (about 31% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060344", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nthe predominant factor that explains the hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification \"\"BWh\"\") of this vast region. The lowering of air is the strongest and the most effective over the eastern part of the Great Desert, in the Libyan Desert which is the sunniest, driest and the most nearly \"\"rain-less\"\" place on the planet rivaling the Atacama Desert, lying in Chile and Peru. The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western. The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060345", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nmass, which is hot and dry. Hot, dry air masses primarily form over the North-African desert from the heating of the vast continental land area, and it affects the whole desert during most of the year. Because of this extreme heating process, a thermal low is usually noticed near the surface, and is the strongest and the most developed during the summertime. The Sahara High represents the eastern continental extension of the Azores High, centered over the North Atlantic Ocean. The subsidence of the Sahara High nearly reaches the ground during the coolest part of the year while it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635137", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nthe Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregions of the northern Maghreb and Cyrenaica. Winter rains sustain shrublands and dry woodlands that form a transition between the Mediterranean climate regions to the north and the hyper-arid Sahara proper to the south. It covers in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers the hyper-arid central portion of the Sahara where rainfall is minimal and sporadic. Vegetation is rare, and this ecoregion consists mostly of sand dunes (\"\"erg, chech, raoui\"\"), stone plateaus (\"\"hamadas\"\"), gravel plains (\"\"reg\"\"), dry valleys (\"\"wadis\"\"), and salt flats. It covers of: Algeria, Chad, Egypt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4057571", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara pump theory\"\nSahara pump theory The Sahara pump theory is a hypothesis that explains how flora and fauna migrated between Eurasia and Africa via a land bridge in the Levant region. It posits that extended periods of abundant rainfall lasting many thousands of years (pluvial periods) in Africa are associated with a \"\"wet-Sahara\"\" phase, during which larger lakes and more rivers existed. This caused changes in the flora and fauna found in the area. Migration along the river corridor was halted when, during a desert phase 1.8–0.8 million years ago (mya), the Nile ceased to flow completely and possibly flowed only temporarily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5682214", "chunk_text": "\"Western Sahara\"\nWestern Sahara Western Sahara (; \"\"\"\"; ; Spanish and French: ) is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied, bordered by Morocco proper to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at just over 500,000, of which nearly 40% live in Laayoune, the largest city in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10552095", "chunk_text": "Desert\nSahara is a very large expanse of land stretching from the Atlantic rim to Egypt. Trade routes were developed linking the Sahel in the south with the fertile Mediterranean region to the north and large numbers of camels were used to carry valuable goods across the desert interior. The Tuareg were traders and the goods transported traditionally included slaves, ivory and gold going northwards and salt going southwards. Berbers with knowledge of the region were employed to guide the caravans between the various oases and wells. Several million slaves may have been taken northwards across the Sahara between the 8th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14137451", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Desert (ecoregion)\"\nSahara Desert ecoregion and the Red Sea. Some mountain ranges rise up from the desert and receive more rainfall and cooler temperatures. These Saharan mountains are home to two distinct ecoregions; the West Saharan montane xeric woodlands in the Ahaggar, Tassili n'Ajjer, Aïr, and other ranges in the western and central Sahara Desert, and the Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands in the Tibesti and Jebel Uweinat of the eastern Sahara. The surface of the desert ranges from large areas of sand dunes (erg), to stone plateaus (hamadas), gravel plains (reg), dry valleys (wadis), and salt flats. The only permanent river", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635128", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nresulting in a phase of the Sahara climate cycle known as the \"\"desert Sahara\"\". The idea that changes in insolation (solar heating) caused by long-term changes in the Earth's orbit are a controlling factor for the long-term variations in the strength of monsoon patterns across the globe was first suggested by Rudolf Spitaler in the late nineteenth century, The hypothesis was later formally proposed and tested by the meteorologist John Kutzbach in 1981. Kutzbach's ideas about the impacts of insolation on global monsoonal patterns have become widely accepted today as the underlying driver of long term monsoonal cycles. Kutzbach never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060338", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nincluded, the Sahara would be . It is one of three distinct physiographic provinces of the African massive physiographic division. The Sahara is mainly rocky hamada (stone plateaus); ergs (sand seas – large areas covered with sand dunes) form only a minor part, but many of the sand dunes are over high. Wind or rare rainfall shape the desert features: sand dunes, dune fields, sand seas, stone plateaus, gravel plains (\"\"reg\"\"), dry valleys (\"\"wadi\"\"), dry lakes (\"\"oued\"\"), and salt flats (\"\"shatt\"\" or \"\"chott\"\"). Unusual landforms include the Richat Structure in Mauritania. Several deeply dissected mountains, many volcanic, rise from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7498248", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nas a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates. The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the Intertropical Convergence Zone, a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and southern Sahara. Rainfall in this giant desert has to overcome the physical and atmospheric barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation. The harsh climate of the Sahara is characterized by: extremely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344377", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Africa\"\nthe site of an inland sea. Running along the south of desert is the plains region known as the Sahel. The arid region, the Sahara — the largest hot desert in the world, covering — extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea. Though generally of slight elevation, it contains mountain ranges with peaks rising to Bordered N.W. by the Atlas range, to the northeast a rocky plateau separates it from the Mediterranean; this plateau gives place at the extreme east to the delta of the Nile. That river (see below) pierces the desert without modifying its character. The Atlas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7023591", "chunk_text": "\"Sahara Conservation Fund\"\nSahara Conservation Fund The Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF) is an international non-governmental organization established in 2004 to conserve the wildlife, including the endangered species, of the Sahara desert and bordering Sahelian grasslands. Its goal is to maintain the Sahara as a well-conserved, well-managed desert in which ecological processes function naturally, with plants and animals in healthy numbers across their normal historical range. SCF creates partnerships between people, governments, worldwide zoos and scientific communities, international conventions, NGOs, and donor agencies. Its activity is based on three complementary program areas: conserving the Sahara’s remaining wildlife, captive breeding and reintroduction of key species,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635131", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nsouthwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley. This separates populations of some of the species in areas with different climates, forcing them to adapt, possibly giving rise to allopatric speciation. It is also proposed that humans accelerated the drying out period from 6,000–2,500 BCE by pastoralists overgrazing available grassland. The growth of speleothems (which requires rainwater) was detected in Hol-Zakh, Ashalim, Even-Sid, Ma'ale-ha-Meyshar, Ktora Cracks, Nagev Tzavoa Cave, and elsewhere, and has allowing tracking of prehistoric rainfall. The Red Sea coastal route was extremely arid before 140 and after 115 kya. Slightly wetter conditions appear at 90–87", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7498244", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nand a drying effect in the upper troposphere. The sinking air prevents evaporating water from rising and, therefore, prevents the adiabatic cooling, which makes cloud formation extremely difficult to nearly impossible. The permanent dissolution of clouds allows unhindered light and thermal radiation. The stability of the atmosphere above the desert prevents any convective overturning, thus making rainfall virtually non-existent. As a consequence, the weather tends to be sunny, dry and stable with a minimal risk of rainfall. Subsiding, diverging, dry air masses associated with subtropical high-pressure systems are extremely unfavorable for the development of convectional showers. The subtropical ridge is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7564859", "chunk_text": "Tanezrouft\nThe terrain shows stark evidence of long-ago water erosion (when the Sahara Desert's climate was much wetter; present annual rainfall is much less than 20 mm). In the present era the terrain is being shaped by wind erosion, which occurs much faster than in other areas, since there is little or no vegetation to hold the surface in place. The area is known for aridity and extreme heat, and high temperatures in summer can easily reach 52 °C (125.6 °F) or more. Tanezrouft has been long-shunned by nearby civilizations (it is known as \"\"Land of Thirst\"\"). A trade route may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7699170", "chunk_text": "Desert\nmore settled way of life. The cultivation of semi-arid regions encourages erosion of soil and is one of the causes of increased desertification. Desert farming is possible with the aid of irrigation, and the Imperial Valley in California provides an example of how previously barren land can be made productive by the import of water from an outside source. Many trade routes have been forged across deserts, especially across the Sahara Desert, and traditionally were used by caravans of camels carrying salt, gold, ivory and other goods. Large numbers of slaves were also taken northwards across the Sahara. Some mineral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2706172", "chunk_text": "Desert\nof the world's electricity needs from 10% of the Sahara Desert. Desertec Industrial Initiative was a consortium seeking $560 billion to invest in North African solar and wind installations over the next forty years to supply electricity to Europe via cable lines running under the Mediterranean Sea. European interest in the Sahara Desert stems from its two aspects: the almost continual daytime sunshine and plenty of unused land. The Sahara receives more sunshine per acre than any part of Europe. The Sahara Desert also has the empty space totalling hundreds of square miles required to house fields of mirrors for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635147", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nsuitable for use as fertilizer for growing wheat. People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the end of the last glacial period. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including \"\"Afrovenator\"\", \"\"Jobaria\"\" and \"\"Ouranosaurus\"\", have also been found here. The modern Sahara, though, is not lush in vegetation, except in the Nile Valley, at a few oases, and in the northern highlands, where Mediterranean plants such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5682220", "chunk_text": "\"Western Sahara\"\nfor a future recognition of the Moroccan annexation of the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom. Overall, the annexation has not garnered as much attention in the international community as many other disputed annexations (e.g. the Russian annexation of Crimea). Western Sahara is located in Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco. It also borders Algeria to the northeast. The land is some of the most arid and inhospitable on the planet. The land along the coast is low flat desert and rises, especially in the north, to small mountains reaching up to on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10552030", "chunk_text": "Desert\nDesert A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation. About one-third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid. This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"\"cold deserts\"\". Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15548110", "chunk_text": "\"Ténéré\"\nTénéré The Ténéré (Berber: Tiniri, literally: desert, wilderness) is a desert region in the south central Sahara. It comprises a vast plain of sand stretching from northeastern Niger into western Chad, occupying an area of over . The Ténéré's boundaries are said to be the Aïr Mountains in the west, the Hoggar Mountains in the north, the Djado Plateau in the northeast, the Tibesti Mountains in the east, and the basin of Lake Chad in the south. The central part of the desert, the Erg du Bilma, is centred at approximately . It is the locus of the Neolithic Tenerian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635140", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nhalophytics is an area of seasonally flooded saline depressions which is home to halophytic (salt-adapted) plant communities. The Saharan halophytics cover including: the Qattara and Siwa depressions in northern Egypt, the Tunisian salt lakes of central Tunisia, Chott Melghir in Algeria, and smaller areas of Algeria, Mauritania, and the southern part of Morocco. The Tanezrouft is one of the harshest regions on Earth as well as one of the hottest and driest parts of the Sahara, with no vegetation and very little life. It is along the borders of Algeria, Niger, and Mali, west of the Hoggar mountains. The flora", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2701702", "chunk_text": "\"Desert climate\"\nDesert climate The desert climate (in the Köppen climate classification \"\"BWh\"\" and \"\"BWk\"\"), also known as an arid climate, is a climate in which there is a excess of evaporation over precipitation. The often bald, rocky or sandsurfaces of arid climates evaporate the scanty precipitation, so that water is too low to sustain little, if any vegetation at all. No part of Earth is known for certain to be absolutely rainless, although in Arica in northern Chile, the average annual rainfall over a period of 17 years was only 5 mm (0.2 in.). Some locations in the Sahara Desert such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060392", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nthe waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further south than modern Morocco. Centralized states thus surrounded the desert on the north and east; it remained outside the control of these states. Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were of constant concern to those living on the edge of the desert. An urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1635123", "chunk_text": "Sahara\nranges from very low in the northern and southern fringes of the desert to nearly non-existent over the central and the eastern part. The thin northern fringe of the desert receives more winter cloudiness and rainfall due to the arrival of low pressure systems over the Mediterranean Sea along the polar front, although very attenuated by the rain shadow effects of the mountains and the annual average rainfall ranges from to . For example, Biskra, Algeria and Ouarzazate, Morocco are found in this zone. The southern fringe of the desert along the border with the Sahel receives summer cloudiness and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_166	what causes cracked skin at the corners of your mouth?	n/a	[ "allergies", "infection", "irritation" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1288314", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nAngular cheilitis Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. It can also be itchy or painful. The condition can last for days to years. Angular cheilitis is a type of cheilitis (inflammation of the lips). Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. Infections include by fungi such as \"\"Candida albicans\"\" and bacteria such as \"\"Staph. aureus\"\". Irritants include poorly fitting dentures, licking the lips or drooling, mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth, sun exposure, overclosure of the mouth, smoking, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16203733", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\ncan also be caused by tooth migration, wearing orthodontic appliances, and elastic tissue damage caused by ultraviolet light exposure and smoking. Habits or conditions that keep the corners of the mouth moist might include chronic lip licking, thumb sucking (or sucking on other objects such as pens, pipes, lollipops), dental cleaning (e.g. flossing), chewing gum, hypersalivation, drooling and mouth breathing. Some consider habitual lip licking or picking to be a form of nervous tic, and do not consider this to be true angular cheilitis, instead calling it \"\"perlèche\"\" (derived from the French word \"\"pourlècher\"\" meaning \"\"to lick one’s lips\"\"), or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3629115", "chunk_text": "Cheilitis\nprognosis compared to oral cancer generally. Angular cheilitis (angular stomatitis) is inflammation of one or both of the corners (angles) of the mouth. It is a fairly common condition, and often affects elderly people. There are many possible causes, including nutritional deficiencies (iron, B vitamins, folate), contact allergy, infection (\"\"Candida albicans\"\", \"\"Staphylococcus aureus\"\" or β-hemolytic streptococci) and edentulism (often with overclosure of the mouth and concomitant denture-related stomatitis), and others. Also termed \"\"lip dermatitis\"\", eczematous cheilitis is a diverse group of disorders which often have an unknown cause. Chronic eczematous reactions account for the majority of chronic cheilitis cases. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6317064", "chunk_text": "Cheilitis\nCheilitis Cheilitis is inflammation of the lips. This inflammation may include the perioral skin (the skin around the mouth), the vermilion border, and/or the labial mucosa. The skin and the vermilion border are more commonly involved, as the mucosa is less affected by inflammatory and allergic reactions. It is a general term, and there are many recognized types and different causes. Cheilitis can be either acute or chronic. Most cheilitis is caused by exogenous factors such as dryness (chapping) and acute sun exposure. Patch testing may identify allergens that cause cheilitis. Chapped lips (also cheilitis simplex or common cheilitis) are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4215816", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nif they are left in contact. The corner of the mouth is normally exposed to saliva more than any other part of the lips. Reduced lower facial height (vertical dimension or facial support) is usually caused by edentulism (tooth loss), or wearing worn down, old dentures or ones which are not designed optimally. This results in overclosure of the mandible (collapse of the jaws), which extenuates the angular skin folds at the corners of the mouth, in effect creating an intertriginous skin crease. The tendency of saliva to pool in these areas is increased, constantly wetting the area, which may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16205001", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nfor between 0.7 – 3.8% of oral mucosal lesions in adults and between 0.2 – 15.1% in children, though overall it occurs most commonly in adults in the third to sixth decades of life. It occurs worldwide, and both males and females are affected. Angular cheilitis is the most common presentation of fungal and bacterial infections of the lips. The term \"\"angular cheilitis\"\" is from Ancient greek, \"\"χείλος\"\" meaning lip and -itis meaning inflammation. Angular cheilitis Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16764506", "chunk_text": "Leukoplakia\nareas of epithelial atrophy. Conditions associated with mucosal atrophy include iron deficiency, some vitamin deficiencies, oral submucous fibrosis, syphilis and sideropenic dysphagia. Another very common cause of white patches in the mouth is frictional or irritational trauma leading to keratosis. Examples include nicotine stomatitis, which is keratosis in response to heat from tobacco smoking (rather than a response to the carcinogens in tobacco smoke). The risk of malignant transformation is similar to normal mucosa. Mechanical trauma, e.g. caused by a sharp edge on a denture, or a broken tooth, may cause white patches which appear very similar to leukoplakia. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11513935", "chunk_text": "Stomatitis\nrepeated lip-licking, and in adults it may be a sign of underlying iron deficiency anemia, or vitamin B deficiencies (\"\"e.g.\"\", B-riboflavin, B-folate, or B-cobalamin, which in turn may be evidence of poor diets or malnutrition such as celiac disease). Also, angular cheilitis can be caused by a patient's jaws at rest being 'overclosed' due to edentulousness or tooth wear, causing the jaws to come to rest closer together than if the complete/unaffected dentition were present. This causes skin folds around the angle of the mouth which are kept moist by saliva, which in turn favours infection; mostly by \"\"Candida albicans\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3791961", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\nMouth ulcer A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Mouth ulcers are very common, occurring in association with many diseases and by many different mechanisms, but usually there is no serious underlying cause. The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g. rubbing from a sharp edge on a broken filling) and aphthous stomatitis (\"\"canker sores\"\"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons. Mouth ulcers often cause pain and discomfort and may alter the person's choice of food while healing occurs (e.g.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14408484", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nbut any substance capable of causing generalized allergic cheilitis may present involving the corners of the mouth alone. Examples of potential allergens include substances that may be present in some types of lipstick, toothpaste, acne products, cosmetics, chewing gum, mouthwash, foods, dental appliances, and materials from dentures or mercury containing amalgam fillings. It is usually impossible to tell the difference between irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis without a patch test. Severe tooth wear or ill fitting dentures may cause wrinkling at the corners of the lip that creates a favorable environment for the condition. This can be corrected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4513545", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\na discussion of the epidemiology of aphthous stomatitis, see the epidemiology of aphthous stomatitis. Mouth ulcer A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Mouth ulcers are very common, occurring in association with many diseases and by many different mechanisms, but usually there is no serious underlying cause. The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g. rubbing from a sharp edge on a broken filling) and aphthous stomatitis (\"\"canker sores\"\"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons. Mouth ulcers often cause pain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3629119", "chunk_text": "Cheilitis\nherpes simplex infection can occur in the corner of the mouth, and be mistaken for other causes of angular cheilitis. In fact this is herpes labialis, and is sometimes termed \"\"angular herpes simplex\"\". Orofacial granulomatosis is enlargement of lips due to the formation of non-caseating granulomatous inflammation, which obstruct lymphatic drainage of the orofacial soft tissues, causing lymphedema. Essentially, granulomatous cheilitis refers to the lip swelling that accompanies this condition. \"\"Median cheilitis\"\" may be seen, which is fissuring in the midline of the lips due to the enlargement of the lips. Angular cheilitis may also be associated with orofacial granulomatosis.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18481406", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\nmouth is thinner than the skin, and easily damaged by mechanical, thermal (heat/cold), chemical, or electrical means, or by irradiation. Common causes of oral ulceration include rubbing on sharp edges of teeth, fillings, crowns, false teeth (dentures), or braces (orthodontic appliances). Accidental biting caused by a lack of awareness of painful stimuli in the mouth (e.g., following local anesthetic used during dental treatment, which the person becomes aware of as the anesthetic wears off). Eating hard foods (e.g., crisps) can damage the lining of the mouth. Some people cause damage inside their mouths themselves, either through an absentminded habit or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4215823", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nbecause they affect the immune system, allowing normally harmless organisms like Candida to become pathogenic and cause an infection. Xerostomia (dry mouth) is thought to account for about 5% of cases of AC. Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth. About 25% of people with Down syndrome appear to have AC. This is due to relative macroglossia, an apparently large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1288318", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nthe mouth. Infrequently, the dermatitis (which may resemble eczema) can extend from the corner of the mouth to the skin of the cheek or chin. If \"\"Staphylococcus aureus\"\" is involved, the lesion may show golden yellow crusts. In chronic angular cheilitis, there may be suppuration (pus formation), exfoliation (scaling) and formation of granulation tissue. Sometimes contributing factors can be readily seen, such as loss of lower face height from poorly made or worn dentures, which results in mandibular overclosure (\"\"collapse of jaws\"\"). If there is a nutritional deficiency underlying the condition, various other signs and symptoms such as glossitis (swollen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1288317", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nother cases the lesion may extend past the vermilion border (the edge where the lining on the lips becomes the skin on the face) onto the facial skin. Initially, the corners of the mouth develop a gray-white thickening and adjacent erythema (redness). Later, the usual appearance is a roughly triangular area of erythema, edema (swelling) and breakdown of skin at either corner of the mouth. The mucosa of the lip may become fissured (cracked), crusted, ulcerated or atrophied. There is not usually any bleeding. Where the skin is involved, there may be radiating rhagades (linear fissures) from the corner of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1288321", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nharmless and a pathogenic hyphal form which is associated with invasion of host tissues. Potassium hydroxide preparation is recommended by some to help distinguish between the harmless and the pathogenic forms, and thereby highlight which cases of angular cheilitis are truly caused by Candida. The mouth may act as a reservoir of Candida that reinfects the sores at the corners of the mouth and prevents the sores from healing. A lesion caused by recurrence of a latent herpes simplex infection can occur in the corner of the mouth. This is herpes labialis (a cold sore), and is sometimes termed \"\"angular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1288322", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nherpes simplex\"\". A cold sore at the corner of the mouth behaves similarly to elsewhere on the lips, and follows a pattern of vesicle (blister) formation followed by rupture leaving a crusted sore which resolves in about 7–10 days, and recurs in the same spot periodically, especially during periods of stress. Rather than utilizing antifungal creams, angular herpes simplex is treated in the same way as a cold sore, with topical antiviral drugs such as aciclovir. 22% of cases of angular cheilitis are due to irritants. Saliva contains digestive enzymes, which may have a degree of digestive action on tissues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3629112", "chunk_text": "Cheilitis\ncharacterized by cracking, fissuring, and peeling of the skin of the lips, and are one of the most common types of cheilitis. While both lips may be affected, the lower lip is the most common site. There may also be burning or the formation of large, painful cracks when the lips are stretched. If chronic, cheilitis simplex can progress to crusting and bleeding. Lip licking, biting, or rubbing habits are frequently involved. Paradoxically, constant licking of the lips causes drying and irritation, and eventually the mucosa splits or cracks. The lips have a greater tendency to dry out in cold,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11002869", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\nerythema and ulceration with necrotic epithelium peripherally. Electrical burns more commonly affect the oral commissure (corner of the mouth). The lesions are usually initially painless, charred and yellow with little bleeding. Swelling then develops and by the fourth day following the burn the area becomes necrotic and the epithelium sloughs off. Electrical burns in the mouth are usually caused by chewing on live electrical wiring (an act that is relatively common among young children). Saliva acts as a conducting medium and an electrical arc flows between the electrical source and the tissues, causing extreme heat and possible tissue destruction. Caustic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14125439", "chunk_text": "Stomatitis\nis thought to affect about 20% of the general population to some degree. The symptoms range from a minor nuisance to being disabling in their impact on eating, swallowing and talking, and the severe forms can cause people to lose weight. There is no cure for aphthous stomatitis, and therapies are aimed at alleviating the pain, reducing the inflammation and promoting healing of the ulcers, but there is little evidence of efficacy for any treatment that has been used. Inflammation of the corners (angles) of the lips is termed angular stomatitis or angular cheilitis. In children a frequent cause is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4139539", "chunk_text": "\"Oral candidiasis\"\nthe causes are thought to be multiple. For example, bacteria as well as \"\"Candida\"\" species may be involved in these lesions. Frequently, antifungal therapy alone does not permanently resolve these lesions, but rather the underlying predisposing factors must be addressed, in addition to treating the candidiasis. Angular cheilitis is inflammation at the corners (angles) of the mouth, very commonly involving \"\"Candida\"\" species, when sometimes the terms \"\"\"\"Candida\"\"-associated angular cheilitis\"\", or less commonly \"\"monilial perlèche\"\" are used. \"\"Candida\"\" organisms alone are responsible for about 20% of cases, and a mixed infection of \"\"C. albicans\"\" and \"\"Staphylococcus aureus\"\" for about 60% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7149627", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\nor painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth). Balsam of Peru is used in foods and drinks for flavoring, in perfumes and toiletries for fragrance, and in medicine and pharmaceutical items for healing properties. A wide range of other diseases may cause mouth ulcers. Hematological causes include anemia, hematinic deficiencies, neutropenia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, other white cell dyscrasias, and gammopathies. Gastrointestinal causes include celiac disease, Crohn's disease (orofacial granulomatosis), and ulcerative colitis. Dermatological causes include chronic ulcerative stomatitis, erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), angina bullosa haemorrhagica and lichen planus. Other examples of systemic disease", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13478581", "chunk_text": "\"Orofacial pain\"\nOrofacial pain Orofacial pain is a general term covering any pain which is felt in the mouth, jaws and the face. Orofacial pain is a common symptom, and there are many causes. It is estimated that over 95% of cases of orofacial pain result from dental causes (i.e. toothache caused by pulpitis or a dental abscess). After dental pain, the second most common cause of orofacial pain is temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, pain-dysfunction syndrome). All other causes of orofacial pain are rare in comparison, although the full differential diagnosis is extensive. Orofacial pain has been defined as \"\"pain localized to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8003007", "chunk_text": "\"Morsicatio buccarum\"\nerythema (redness) or ulceration. The surface is irregular, and people may occasionally have loose sections of mucosa that comes away. The cause is chronic parafunctional activity of the masticatory system, which produces frictional, crushing and incisive damage to the mucosal surface and over time the characteristic lesions develop. Most people are aware of a cheek chewing habit, although it may be performed subconsciously. Sometimes poorly constructed prosthetic teeth may be the cause if the original bite is altered. Usually the teeth are placed too far facially (i.e. buccally and/or labially), outside the \"\"neutral zone\"\", which is the term for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20131414", "chunk_text": "Diastema\nDiastema A diastema (plural diastemata) is a space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well. Diastemata are primarily caused by imbalance in the relationship between the jaw and the size of teeth. If the labial frenulum (lip tissue) pulls, it can also push the teeth apart and cause a diastema between the center of the two front teeth. In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19914510", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth assessment\"\nepulis, meth mouth and Hutchinson's teeth. To assess the gums, a tongue depressor gently retracts the cheek to allow inspection of the upper and lower gums. They should appear symmetrical, moist and pinkish, with well-defined margins. Dark-skinned people may have a melanotic line along the gum margin. Abnormal findings include swelling, cyanosis, paleness, dryness, sponginess, bleeding or discoloration. Diseases include leukoplakia, epulis, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, periodontitis and aphthous ulcer (canker sore). To check the oral mucosa, the patient's cheek is exposed with a tongue depressor and the tissues inspected with a penlight. Healthy tissue appears moist, smooth, shiny and pink.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10822765", "chunk_text": "Pericoronitis\nPericoronitis Pericoronitis (from the Greek \"\"peri\"\", \"\"around\"\", Latin \"\"corona\"\" \"\"crown\"\" and \"\"-itis\"\", \"\"inflammation\"\") also known as operculitis, is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle. The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth is known as an \"\"operculum\"\", an area which can be difficult to access with normal oral hygiene methods. The synonym \"\"operculitis\"\" technically refers to inflammation of the operculum alone. Pericoronitis is caused by an accumulation of bacteria and debris beneath the operculum, or by mechanical trauma (e.g. biting the operculum with the opposing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7149629", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\nulceration. The exact pathogenesis is dependent upon the cause. Ulcers and erosions can be the result of a spectrum of conditions including those causing auto-immune epithelial damage, damage because of an immune defect (e.g., HIV, leukemia, infections e.g. herpes viruses) or nutritional disorders (e.g., vitamin deficiencies). Simple mechanisms which predispose the mouth to trauma and ulceration are xerostomia (dry mouth – as saliva usually lubricates the mucous membrane and controls bacterial levels) and epithelial atrophy (thinning, e.g., after radiotherapy), making the lining more fragile and easily breached. Stomatitis is a general term meaning inflammation within the mouth, and often may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11513931", "chunk_text": "Stomatitis\nStomatitis Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth and lips. It refers to any inflammatory process affecting the mucous membranes of the mouth and lips, with or without oral ulceration. In its widest meaning, stomatitis can have a multitude of different causes and appearances. Common causes include infections, nutritional deficiencies, allergic reactions, radiotherapy, and many others. When inflammation of the gums and the mouth generally presents itself, sometimes the term \"\"gingivostomatitis\"\" is used, though this is also sometimes used as a synonym for herpetic gingivostomatitis. The term is derived from the Greek \"\"stoma\"\" (), meaning \"\"mouth\"\", and the suffix \"\"-itis\"\" (),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13478584", "chunk_text": "\"Orofacial pain\"\nTMD in the general population. Orofacial pain Orofacial pain is a general term covering any pain which is felt in the mouth, jaws and the face. Orofacial pain is a common symptom, and there are many causes. It is estimated that over 95% of cases of orofacial pain result from dental causes (i.e. toothache caused by pulpitis or a dental abscess). After dental pain, the second most common cause of orofacial pain is temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, pain-dysfunction syndrome). All other causes of orofacial pain are rare in comparison, although the full differential diagnosis is extensive. Orofacial pain has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11002876", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\ncause extreme pain, heals with scarring and may recur frequently. The exact cause of aphthous stomatitis is unknown, but there may be a genetic predisposition in some people. Other possible causes include hematinic deficiency (folate, vitamin B, iron), stopping smoking, stress, menstruation, trauma, food allergies or hypersensitivity to sodium lauryl sulphate (found in many brands of toothpaste). Aphthous stomatitis has no clinically detectable signs or symptoms outside the mouth, but the recurrent ulceration can cause much discomfort to sufferers. Treatment is aimed at reducing the pain and swelling and speeding healing, and may involve systemic or topical steroids, analgesics (pain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3999725", "chunk_text": "\"Stomatitis nicotina\"\nStomatitis nicotina Stomatitis nicotina (also known as nicotine stomatitis, nicotinic stomatitis, nicotine palatinus, stomatitis palatini, leukokeratosis nicotina palate, palatal leukokeratosis, smoker's keratosis, smoker's palate, and smoker's patches), is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking. It is painless, and it is caused by a response of the palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat. A more pronounced appearance can occur with reverse smoking, sometimes distinguished from stomatitis nicotina by the term reverse smoker's keratosis. While stomatitis nicotina that is caused by heat is not a premaligant condition (i.e. it does", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5212036", "chunk_text": "\"Cracked tooth syndrome\"\nCracked tooth syndrome Cracked tooth syndrome (abbreviated to CTS, and also termed cracked cusp syndrome, split tooth syndrome, or incomplete fracture of posterior teeth), is where a tooth has incompletely cracked but no part of the tooth has yet broken off. Sometimes it is described as a greenstick fracture. The symptoms are very variable, making it a notoriously difficult condition to diagnose. Cracked tooth syndrome could be considered a type of dental trauma and also one of the possible causes of dental pain. One definition of cracked tooth syndrome is \"\"a fracture plane of unknown depth and direction passing through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1288316", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\nchildren. In the developing world, iron and vitamin deficiencies are a common cause. Angular cheilitis is a fairly non specific term which describes the presence of an inflammatory lesion in a particular anatomic site (i.e. the corner of the mouth). As there are different possible causes and contributing factors from one person to the next, the appearance of the lesion is somewhat variable. The lesions are more commonly symmetrically present on both sides of the mouth, but sometimes only one side may be affected. In some cases, the lesion may be confined to the mucosa of the lips, and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5362583", "chunk_text": "\"Herpes labialis\"\nthe mouth and be mistaken for angular cheilitis of another cause. Sometimes termed \"\"angular herpes simplex\"\". A cold sore at the corner of the mouth behaves similarly to elsewhere on the lips. Rather than utilizing antifungal creams, angular herpes simplex is treated in the same way as a cold sore, with topical antiviral drugs. Herpes labialis infection occurs when the herpes simplex virus comes into contact with oral mucosal tissue or abraded skin of the mouth. Infection by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is most common; however, cases of oral infection by the type 2 strain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7551029", "chunk_text": "Dimple\n\"\"irregular\"\" dominant trait that is probably controlled mostly by one gene but is influenced by other genes. Dimples may be caused by variations in the structure of the facial muscle known as zygomaticus major. Specifically, the presence of a double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle may explain the formation of cheek dimples. This bifid variation of the muscle originates as a single structure from the zygomatic bone. As it travels anteriorly, it then divides with a superior bundle that inserts in the typical position above the corner of the mouth. An inferior bundle inserts below the corner of the mouth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3791992", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\na keratotic (thickened, white mucosa) halo may occur. Treatment is cause-related, but also symptomatic if the underlying cause is unknown or not correctable. It is also important to note that most ulcers will heal completely without any intervention. Treatment can range from simply smoothing or removing a local cause of trauma, to address underlying factors such as dry mouth or substituting a problem medication. Maintaining good oral hygiene and use of an antiseptic mouthwash or spray (e.g. chlorhexidine) can prevent secondary infection and therefore hasten healing. A topical analgesic (e.g. benzydamine mouthwash) may reduce pain. Topical (gels, creams or inhalers)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11135870", "chunk_text": "\"Periodontal disease\"\nthis is that smoking has several effects on the immune response including: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a periodontitis risk factor and so is the Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome also known as palmoplantar keratoderma. If left undisturbed, microbial plaque calcifies to form calculus, which is commonly called tartar. Calculus above and below the gum line must be removed completely by the dental hygienist or dentist to treat gingivitis and periodontitis. Although the primary cause of both gingivitis and periodontitis is the microbial plaque that adheres to the tooth surfaces, there are many other modifying factors. A very strong risk factor is one's genetic susceptibility.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459655", "chunk_text": "Blister\nwhen a minute blood vessel close to the surface of the skin ruptures (breaks), and blood leaks into a tear between the layers of skin. This can happen if the skin is crushed, pinched or aggressively squeezed. There are also a number of medical conditions that cause blisters. The most common are chickenpox, herpes, impetigo, and a form of eczema called dyshidrosis. Other, much rarer conditions that cause blisters include: Friction blisters are caused by excess shear stress between the surface of the skin and the body. The strata of skin around the stratum spinosum are most susceptible to shear.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4215822", "chunk_text": "\"Angular cheilitis\"\ncaused by malnutrition, such as may occur in alcoholism or in poorly considered diets, or by malabsorption secondary to gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. Coeliac disease or chronic pancreatitis) or gastrointestinal surgeries (e.g. pernicious anemia caused by ileal resection in Crohn's disease). Some systemic disorders are involved in angular cheilitis by virtue of their association with malabsorption and the creation of nutritional deficiencies described above. Such examples include people with anorexia nervosa. Other disorders may cause lip enlargement (e.g. orofacial granulomatosis), which alters the local anatomy and extenuates the skin folds at the corners of the mouth. More still may be involved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15357921", "chunk_text": "\"Open bite malocclusion\"\nhabits. If all else fails, then a tongue crib can be used. Posterior open bite is caused when posterior teeth such as molars or premolars fail to touch their counterpart tooth. This is more likely to occur in segments where there may be unilateral open bite or open bite related to one or more teeth. Failure of eruption of teeth either due to primary failure or mechanical obstruction during eruption phase can cause the open bite. Sometimes lateral tongue thrust may also prevent the eruption of the posterior teeth, thus eliminating this habit maybe key to eruption in those instances.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18481414", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\noxygen). Osteoradionecrosis is the term for when such an area of irradiated bone does not heal from this damage. This usually occurs in the mandible, and causes chronic pain and surface ulceration, sometimes resulting in non-healing bone being exposed through a soft tissue defect. Prevention of osteradionecrosis is part of the reason why all teeth of questionable prognosis are removed before the start of a course of radiotherapy. Aphthous stomatitis (also termed recurrent aphthous stomatitis, RAS, and commonly called \"\"canker sores\"\") is a very common cause of oral ulceration. 10–25% of the general population suffer from this non-contagious condition. Three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11002872", "chunk_text": "\"Mouth ulcer\"\na result of radiotherapy to the mouth, radiation-induced stomatitis may develop, which can be associated with mucosal erosions and ulceration. If the salivary glands are irradiated, there may also be xerostomia (dry mouth), making the oral mucosa more vulnerable to frictional damage as the lubricating function of saliva is lost, and mucosal atrophy (thinning), which makes a breach of the epithelium more likely. Radiation to the bones of the jaws causes damage to osteocytes and impairs the blood supply. The affected hard tissues become hypovascular (reduced number of blood vessels), hypocellular (reduced number of cells), and hypoxic (low levels of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3999732", "chunk_text": "\"Stomatitis nicotina\"\nsmoking, but it also can occur in cigar or cigarette smokers. The condition was once common, but has become more rare as habits such as pipe and cigar smoking have decreased in popularity. Stomatitis nicotina Stomatitis nicotina (also known as nicotine stomatitis, nicotinic stomatitis, nicotine palatinus, stomatitis palatini, leukokeratosis nicotina palate, palatal leukokeratosis, smoker's keratosis, smoker's palate, and smoker's patches), is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking. It is painless, and it is caused by a response of the palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat. A more pronounced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715617", "chunk_text": "Leukoplakia\nLeukoplakia Leukoplakia generally refers to a firmly attached white patch on a mucous membrane which is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The edges of the lesion are typically abrupt and the lesion changes with time. Advanced forms may develop red patches. There are generally no other symptoms. It usually occurs within the mouth, although sometimes mucosa in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or genitals may be affected. The cause of leukoplakia is unknown. Risk factors for formation inside the mouth include smoking, chewing tobacco, excessive alcohol, and use of betel nuts. One specific type is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5212038", "chunk_text": "\"Cracked tooth syndrome\"\ndentin of the tooth. When the bite is released the \"\"segments\"\" snap back together sharply increasing the pressure in the intradentin nerves causing pain. The pain is often inconsistent, and frequently hard to reproduce. If untreated, CTS can lead to severe pain, possible pulpal death, abscess, and even the loss of the tooth. If the fracture propagates into the pulp, this is termed a complete fracture, and pulpitis and pulp death may occur. If the crack propagates further into the root, a periodontal defect may develop, or even a vertical root fracture. According to one theory, the pain on biting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10716592", "chunk_text": "\"Oral candidiasis\"\nof \"\"C. albicans\"\". Sometimes dentures become very worn, or they have been constructed to allow insufficient lower facial height (occlusal vertical dimension), leading to over-closure of the mouth (an appearance sometimes described as \"\"collapse of the jaws\"\"). This causes deepening of the skin folds at the corners of the mouth (nasolabial crease), in effect creating intertriginous areas where another form of candidiasis, angular cheilitis, can develop. Candida species are capable of adhering to the surface of dentures, most of which are made from polymethylacrylate. They exploit micro-fissures and cracks in the surface of dentures to aid their retention. Dentures may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "116139", "chunk_text": "\"Dental emergency\"\nor dislodged filling that is broken or lost may cause discomfort or sharp pain due to jagged edges. There can be aesthetical concerns if the filling is in a visible area. Patients need to be aware of the sharp edges and ensure their tongue does not constantly apply pressure around that area, as it can cause cuts to the tongue. However, in some cases the result of the loss of a filling can cause irritation to the side of the cheek and potentially lead to an ulcer. Sharp edges can easily be dealt with by levelling the filling or tooth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10822770", "chunk_text": "Pericoronitis\npericoronitis depend upon the severity, and are variable: Pericoronitis occurs because the operculum (the soft tissue directly overlying the partially erupted tooth) creates a \"\"plaque stagnation area\"\", which can accumulate food debris and micro-organisms (particularly plaque). This leads to an inflammatory response in the adjacent soft tissues. Sometimes Pericoronal infection can spread into adjacent potential spaces (including the sublingual space, submandibular space, parapharyngeal space, pterygomandibular space, infratemporal space, submasseteric space and buccal space) to areas of the neck or face resulting in facial swelling, or even airway compromise (called Ludwig's angina). Inadequate cleaning of the operculum space allows stagnation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_167	who captained the first european ship to sail around the tip of africa?	n/a	[ "Bartolomeu Dias" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10077689", "chunk_text": "\"Bartolomeu Dias\"\nBartolomeu Dias Bartolomeu Dias (; ; Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz; c. 1450 – 29 May 1500), a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first to do so, setting up the route from Europe to Asia later on. Dias is the first European peri-Age of Discovery to anchor at what is present-day South Africa. Bartolomeu Dias was a squire of the royal court, superintendent of the royal warehouses, and sailing-master of the man-of-war \"\"São Cristóvão\"\" (Saint Christopher). Very little is known of his early life. King John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18854651", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime history of Europe\"\nships, including the Caravel, the Carrack and the Galleon, where for the first time in history maritime navigation was possible. The Portuguese Empire led the Portuguese Kingdom to discover and map most of the Globe, and find seas routes as far as the East and West, such as the remarkable voyage to find the sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope. Initially Bartolomeu Dias left Portugal and rounded the Cape of Good Hope, with Vasco da Gama reaching the southern tip of Africa and on-wards to India. It was the first time in history that humans had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20738183", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime history of Europe\"\nnavigated from Europe around Africa to Asia. It led to the discovery of Brazil and South America, and the first circumnavigation around the world, with the Portuguese nobleman Ferdinand Magellan, sailing around the world, across the entire Pacific Ocean for the first time. At the beginning of the 16th century, sea clashes in the Indian Ocean as the decisive battle of Diu, in 1509, marked a turning point in history: the shift from the Mediterranean and from the relatively isolated seas, disputed in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, to the oceans and to the European hegemony on a global", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2959589", "chunk_text": "Circumnavigation\nother side, would technically be a circumnavigation, but practical difficulties generally preclude such a voyage although it was successfully undertaken in the early 1980s by Ranulph Fiennes. The first single voyage of global circumnavigation was that of the ship \"\"Victoria\"\", between 1519 and 1522, known as the Magellan–Elcano expedition. It was a Castilian (Spanish) voyage of discovery, led initially by the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan between 1519 and 1521, and then by the Basque Juan Sebastián Elcano from 1521 to 1522. The voyage started in Seville, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, and after several stopovers rounded the southern tip of South America", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16884436", "chunk_text": "Exploration\nthe South African coast. Explorers of routes from Europe towards Asia, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean, include Vasco da Gama (1460–1524), a navigator who made the first trip from Europe to India and back by the Cape of Good Hope, discovering the ocean route to the East; Pedro Alvares Cabral (c. 1467/68–c.1520) who, following the path of Gama, claimed Brazil and led the first expedition that linked Europe, Africa, America, and Asia; Diogo Dias, who discovered the eastern coast of Madagascar and rounded the corner of Africa; explorers such as Diogo Fernandes Pereira and Pedro Mascarenhas (1470–1555), among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20434948", "chunk_text": "\"European and American voyages of scientific exploration\"\nexpeditions. From the early 15th century to the early 17th century the Age of Discovery had, through Spanish and Portuguese seafarers, opened up southern Africa, the Americas (New World), Asia and Oceania to European eyes: Bartholomew Dias had sailed around the Cape of southern Africa in search of a trade route to India; Christopher Columbus, on four journeys across the Atlantic, had prepared the way for European colonisation of the New World; Ferdinand Magellan had commanded the first expedition to sail across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans to complete the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Over this period colonial power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15870415", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nIn 1485, the expedition of João Afonso d'Aveiros, with the German astronomer Martin of Behaim as part of the crew, explored the Bight of Benin (Kingdom of Benin), returning information about African king Ogane. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias and his pilot Pêro de Alenquer, after putting down a mutiny, turned a cape where they were caught by a storm, naming it Cape of Storms. They followed the coast for a while realizing that it kept going eastward with even some tendency to the north. Lacking supplies, they turned around with the conviction that the far end of Africa had finally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18286242", "chunk_text": "\"European maritime exploration of Australia\"\nEuropean maritime exploration of Australia The maritime European exploration of Australia consisted of several waves of white European seafarers that sailed the edges of the Australian continent. Dutch navigators were the first Europeans known to have explored and mapped the Australian coastline. The first documented encounter was that of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, in 1606. Dutch seafarers also visited the west and north coasts of the continent, as did French explorers. The most famous expedition was that of Royal Navy Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook 164 years after Janszoon's sighting. After an assignment to make observations of the 1769 Venus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10613841", "chunk_text": "\"Around the world sailing record\"\nsouth point, (longitude : 146°49'E) Tasmania south point, (longitude : 146°49'E) to Cape Horn (longitude 67°16'W) From Cape Horn (longitude 67°16'W) to Cape Agulhas, South Africa (longitude 20°E) From the cape Horn, cutting the longitude 67°16'W, up to the Equator Around the world sailing record The first around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was Juan Sebastián Elcano and the remaining members of Ferdinand Magellan's crew who completed their journey in 1522. The first solo record was set by Joshua Slocum in the \"\"Spray\"\" (1898). Most races or solo attempts start from Europe. Due to the configuration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10077690", "chunk_text": "\"Bartolomeu Dias\"\nII of Portugal appointed him, on 10 October 1486, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India. Dias was also charged with searching for the lands ruled by Prester John, a fabled Christian priest and ruler of a territory somewhere beyond Europe. He left 10 months later in August 1487. In the previous decades Portuguese mariners, most famously Prince Henry the Navigator (whose contribution was more as a patron and sponsor of voyages of discovery than as a sailor), had explored the areas of the Atlantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8700413", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nbeen reached. Upon their return to Portugal the promising cape was renamed Cape of Good Hope. Some years later, Christopher Columbus landed in America under rival Castilian command. Pope Alexander VI decreed the \"\"Inter caetera\"\" bull, dividing the non-Christian parts of the world between the two rival Catholic powers, Spain and Portugal. Finally, in the years 1497 to 1498, Vasco da Gama, again with Alenquer as pilot, took a direct route to Cape of Good Hope, via St. Helena. He went beyond the farthest point reached by Dias and named the country Natal. Then he sailed northward, making land at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "115761", "chunk_text": "\"Sebald de Weert\"\nto even walk. Unlike his colleagues on the \"\"Liefde\"\", Sebald de Weert's ship never made it to Asia. He encountered the Dutch seafarer Olivier van Noort, who on his ship \"\"Mauritius\"\", would later become famous as the first Dutchman and only the fourth sea captain to circumnavigate the world. Van Noort would also be famous from the same journey as being the man who sank the Spanish galleon \"\"San Diego\"\" in Manila Bay. Van Noort was still on the first leg of his historic voyage and was also to be on a northwestern track so Sebald de Weert attempted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4056391", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nEuropean exploration of Africa The geography of North Africa has been reasonably well known among Europeans since classical antiquity in Greco-Roman geography. Northwest Africa (the Maghreb) was known as either \"\"Libya\"\" or \"\"Africa\"\", while Egypt was considered part of Asia. European exploration of Sub-Saharan Africa begins with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, pioneered by Portugal under Henry the Navigator. The Cape of Good Hope was first reached by Bartolomeu Dias on 12 March 1488, opening the important sea route to India and the Far East, but European exploration of Africa itself remained very limited during the 16th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7618654", "chunk_text": "\"Point Cloates\"\nright). The \"\"island\"\" was often confused with other geographical features; these errors led to it being mismapped, as well as suggestions that its existence was doubtful, or that it was a phantom island. The first Europeans to report seeing the point, in 1618, were Captain Lenaert Jacobszoon and supercargo Willem Janszoon, in the Dutch East India Company ship \"\"Mauritius\"\". On 1 May 1622, John Brooke, captain of the \"\"Tryall\"\" claimed to have sighted an island in the area, while en route from England to Batavia (Jakarta), in the Dutch East Indies. (The \"\"Tryall\"\" was wrecked shortly afterwards, on the rocks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8026014", "chunk_text": "\"European maritime exploration of Australia\"\nAustralis\"\", which was published just before his death at the age of 40. European maritime exploration of Australia The maritime European exploration of Australia consisted of several waves of white European seafarers that sailed the edges of the Australian continent. Dutch navigators were the first Europeans known to have explored and mapped the Australian coastline. The first documented encounter was that of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, in 1606. Dutch seafarers also visited the west and north coasts of the continent, as did French explorers. The most famous expedition was that of Royal Navy Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook 164 years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8025986", "chunk_text": "\"European maritime exploration of Australia\"\nin Tasmania where he made contact with the island's indigenous people (the first European to have done so), and in Blackmans Bay claimed Van Diemen's Land for France. He then sailed on to New Zealand where he and some crewmen were killed by Māori warriors. The survivors retreated to Mauritius. Also in 1772, the two ships of the second French expedition were separated by a storm. The leader turned back but the second in command, Louis Aleno de St Aloüarn, sighted Cape Leeuwin and followed the Western Australian coast north to Shark Bay. He landed on Dirk Hartog Island and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5803287", "chunk_text": "\"HMS Bounty\"\nage of 33, after a career that included a tour as sailing master of James Cook's during Cook's third and final voyage (1776–80). The ship's complement was 46 men: a single commissioned officer (Bligh), 43 other Royal Navy personnel, and two civilian botanists. On 23 December 1787, the \"\"Bounty\"\" sailed from Spithead for Tahiti. For a full month, the crew attempted to take the ship west, around South America's Cape Horn, but adverse weather prevented this. Bligh then proceeded east, rounding the southern tip of Africa (Cape Agulhas) and crossing the width of the Indian Ocean. During the outward voyage,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15776041", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Henry the Navigator\"\nbe circumnavigated when he reached the southern tip of the continent, now known as the Cape of Good Hope. In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first European sailor to reach India by sea. No one used the nickname \"\"Navigator\"\" to refer to prince Henry during his lifetime or in the following three centuries. The term was coined by two nineteenth-century German historians: Heinrich Schaefer and Gustave de Veer. Later on it was made popular by two British authors who included it in the titles of their biographies of the prince: Henry Major in 1868 and Raymond Beazley in 1895.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2689078", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Cape Colony before 1806\"\nand again in 1801 they rose in revolt. In February 1803, as a result of the Peace of Amiens, the colony came under the control of the Batavian Republic. History of the Cape Colony before 1806 The written history of the Cape Colony in what is now South Africa began when Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias became the first modern European to round the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. In 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed along the whole coast of South Africa on his way to India, landed at St Helena Bay for 8 days, and made a detailed description", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9620693", "chunk_text": "\"Abel Tasman\"\nAbel Tasman Abel Janszoon Tasman (; 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was the first known European explorer to reach the islands of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) and New Zealand, and to sight the Fiji islands. Tasman originated from Lutjegast, a small village in the province of Groningen, in the north of the Netherlands. The oldest available source mentioning him is dated 27 December 1631 when, as a seafarer living in Amsterdam, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14478196", "chunk_text": "\"René Caillié\"\nRené Caillié Auguste René Caillié (; 19 November 1799 – 17 May 1838) was a French explorer and the first European to return alive from the town of Timbuktu. Caillié was born in western France in a village near the port of Rochefort. His parents were poor and died while he was still young. At the age of 16 he left home and signed up as a member of the crew on a French naval vessel sailing to Saint-Louis on the coast of modern Senegal in western Africa. He stayed there for several months and then crossed the Atlantic to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2232797", "chunk_text": "\"Pedro Álvares Cabral\"\nMay, the fleet veered eastwards towards Africa. On 23 or 24 May they encountered a storm in the South Atlantic's high-pressure zone, resulting in the loss of four ships. The exact location of the disaster is unknown—speculations range from near the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of the African continent to \"\"within sight of the South American coast\"\". Three \"\"naus\"\" and a caravel commanded by Bartolomeu Dias—the first European to reach the Cape of Good Hope in 1488—foundered, and 380 men were lost. The remaining vessels, hindered by rough weather and damaged rigging, were separated. One ship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3571486", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Cape Colony before 1806\"\nHistory of the Cape Colony before 1806 The written history of the Cape Colony in what is now South Africa began when Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias became the first modern European to round the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. In 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed along the whole coast of South Africa on his way to India, landed at St Helena Bay for 8 days, and made a detailed description of the area. The Portuguese, attracted by the riches of Asia, made no permanent settlement at the Cape Colony. However, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) settled the area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17003309", "chunk_text": "\"Voyages of Christopher Columbus\"\nVoyages of Christopher Columbus In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus encountered the Americas, continents which were largely unknown in Europe and were outside the Old World political and economic system. The four voyages of Columbus began the Spanish colonization of the Americas. For a long time it was generally believed that Columbus and his crew had been the first Europeans to make landfall in the Americas. In fact they were not the first explorers from Europe to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6181896", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\n1504. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as \"\"the Navigator\"\", was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic route to the Indies. From his residence in the Algarve region of southern Portugal, he directed successive expeditions to circumnavigate Africa and reach India. In 1420, Henry sent an expedition to secure the uninhabited but strategic island of Madeira. In 1425, he tried to secure the Canary Islands as well, but these were already under firm Castilian control. In 1431, another Portuguese expedition reached and annexed the Azores. Naval charts of 1339 show that the Canary Islands were already known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15440923", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Columbus\"\nshown differs from other images, including that of the \"\"Virgin of the Navigators.\"\" Footnotes Citations Bibliography Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15816232", "chunk_text": "\"Age of Discovery\"\nII in moving the line west of Tordesillas in 1494—so his landing in Brazil may not have been an accident; although John's motivation may have simply been to increase the chance of claiming new lands in the Atlantic. From the east coast, the fleet then turned eastward to resume the journey to the southern tip of Africa and India. Cabral was the first captain to touch four continents, leading the first expedition that connected and united Europe, Africa, the New World, and Asia. At the invitation of King Manuel I of Portugal, Amerigo Vespucci—a Florentine who had been working for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19273228", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Australia\"\nEuropean exploration of Australia Dutch explorers, in 1606, made the first recorded European sightings and first recorded landfalls of the Australian mainland. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the \"\"Duyfken\"\" captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, and made landfall on 26 February at the Pennefather River near the modern town of Weipa on Cape York. The Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent \"\"New Holland\"\" during the 17th century, but made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "911538", "chunk_text": "\"Sebald de Weert\"\nby Gerrit van Beuningen; \"\"Trouwe\"\" (\"\"Faith\"\"), captained by Jurriaan van Boekhout; and finally \"\"Blijde Boodschap\"\" (\"\"Good Tiding\"\" or \"\"The Gospel\"\"), captained by Sebald de Weert. The \"\"Blijde Boodschap\"\" was better known as \"\"Vliegend Hart\"\" (\"\"Flying heart\"\") prior to this particular voyage. \"\"Liefde\"\" had been previous known as \"\"Erasmus\"\" and still had a figurehead of him. After leaving European waters the ships spent April 2 to September 29 at the Cape Verde Islands off the coast of Africa. Many of the crew of the \"\"Hoop\"\" caught fever there, with some of the men dying, among them Admiral Jacques Mahu. He died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13421171", "chunk_text": "\"Portuguese Navy\"\nisland of Santa Maria in 1427. In 1424, Gil Eanes crosses the Cape Bojador. Diogo Cão and Bartolomeu Dias arrived to the mouth of the Zaire River in 1482. In the same year, the São Jorge da Mina castle is built in the coast of Western Africa, by Diogo de Azambuja, becoming one of the most important Portuguese naval bases. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias becomes the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope. João Vaz Corte-Real arrives to Newfoundland in 1473. Part of the coast of Newfoundland would be charted by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554259", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nthe European exploration and colonization of South Africa. Almost at the same time as the Dutch, other European powers attempted to create their own outposts for the African slave trade. As early as 1530, English merchant adventurers started trading in West Africa, coming into conflict with Portuguese troops. In 1581, Francis Drake reached the Cape of Good Hope. In 1663, the English built Fort James in Gambia. One year later, another English colonial expedition attempted to settle southern Madagascar, resulting in the death of most of the colonists. The English forts on the West African coast were eventually taken by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15776038", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Henry the Navigator\"\nCape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the desert coast of Africa. Superstitious seafarers held that beyond the cape lay sea monsters and the edge of the world. In 1434, Gil Eanes, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, became the first European known to pass Cape Bojador. Using the new ship type, the expeditions then pushed onwards. Nuno Tristão and Antão Gonçalves reached Cape Blanco in 1441. The Portuguese sighted the Bay of Arguin in 1443 and built an important fort there around the year 1448. Dinis Dias soon came across the Senegal River and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2774477", "chunk_text": "\"Vasco Núñez de Balboa\"\nVasco Núñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa (; c. 1475around January 12–21, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. He traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. He founded the settlement of Santa María la Antigua del Darién in present-day Panama in 1510, which was the first permanent European settlement on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3285198", "chunk_text": "\"Western imperialism in Asia\"\ncontinued at certain terminals controlled by Muslim traders. Western European rulers determined to find new trade routes of their own. The Portuguese spearheaded the drive to find oceanic routes that would provide cheaper and easier access to South and East Asian goods. This chartering of oceanic routes between East and West began with the unprecedented voyages of Portuguese and Spanish sea captains. Their voyages were influenced by medieval European adventurers, who had journeyed overland to the Far East and contributed to geographical knowledge of parts of Asia upon their return. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8982389", "chunk_text": "\"Hendrick Lonck\"\nHendrick Lonck Adm. Hendrick Corneliszoon Lonck (or Loncque and Loncq) (born 1568, Roosendaal – 10 October 1634, Amsterdam), a Dutch naval hero, was the first Dutch sea captain to reach the New World. He was born in Roosendaal in the southern Netherlands, of Brabant origin. His parents were Cornelis Pieterszoon Lonck and Dichna Heinrich. He was a full cousin of the Zeeland Vice Admiral Cornelis Symons Son Loncque. In 1604, he married Grietgen Lenaerts in Antwerp. In 1606, Lonck captained the \"\"Witte Leeuw\"\" (White Lion), a 320-ton merchant ship armed for war, and approached the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Near", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11753896", "chunk_text": "\"History of cartography\"\nand Kingdom of Portugal) were at the vanguard of European overseas exploration, discovering and mapping the coasts of the Americas, Africa, and Asia, in what became known as the Age of Discovery (also known as the Age of Exploration). Spain and Portugal were magnets for the talent, science and technology from the Italian city-states. Portugal's methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465078", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Africa\"\nand eastern coasts of Africa, progress was also steady; Portuguese sailors reached Cape Bojador in 1434 and Cape Blanco in 1441. In 1443, they built a fortress on the island of Arguin, in modern-day Mauritania, trading European wheat and cloth for African gold and slaves. It was the first time that the semi-mythic \"\"gold of the Sudan\"\" reached Europe without Muslim mediation. Most of the slaves were sent to Madeira, which became, after thorough deforestation, the first European plantation colony. Between 1444 and 1447, the Portuguese explored the coasts of Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea. In 1456, the Venetian captain Alvise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1584723", "chunk_text": "\"Abel Tasman\"\nalso worked on ANZAC War Memorial in Hyde Park and the crypt at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney. Abel Tasman Abel Janszoon Tasman (; 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was the first known European explorer to reach the islands of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) and New Zealand, and to sight the Fiji islands. Tasman originated from Lutjegast, a small village in the province of Groningen, in the north of the Netherlands. The oldest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17272906", "chunk_text": "\"European exploration of Australia\"\nat the time of British settlement. Explorers by land and sea continued to survey the continent for some years after settlement. These efforts consisted of: European exploration of Australia Dutch explorers, in 1606, made the first recorded European sightings and first recorded landfalls of the Australian mainland. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the \"\"Duyfken\"\" captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, and made landfall on 26 February at the Pennefather River near the modern town of Weipa on Cape", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4975899", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Johann von Krusenstern\"\nand China. After publishing a paper pointing out the advantages of direct communication by sea between Russia and China by passing Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America and the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of South Africa, he was appointed by Tsar Alexander I to make a voyage to the Far East coast of Asia to endeavour to carry out the project. Under the patronage of Alexander, Count Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev and the Russian-American Company, Krusenstern led the first Russian circumnavigation of the world. The chief object of this undertaking was the development of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14840859", "chunk_text": "\"Hanno the Navigator\"\nHanno the Navigator Hanno the Navigator (, ) was a Carthaginian explorer of the sixth or fifth century BC, best known for his supposed naval exploration of the western coast of Africa. The only source of his voyage is a Greek \"\"periplus\"\". According to some modern analyses of his route, Hanno's expedition could have reached as far south as Gabon, however, others have taken him no further than southern Morocco. Carthage dispatched Hanno at the head of a fleet of 60 ships to explore and colonize the northwestern coast of Africa. He sailed through the straits of Gibraltar, founded or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4416742", "chunk_text": "\"Naomi James\"\nsailed on the Etoile, one of the two ships on the French expedition led by Louis-Antoine de Bougainville. Baret was a herbalist and assisted in the identification of new species. The expedition left France in April 1768. Naomi James Dame Naomi Christine James, DBE (née Power; born 2 March 1949) is the first woman to have sailed single-handed (i.e., solo) around the world via Cape Horn, the second woman to have ever sailed solo around the world. She departed Dartmouth, Devon on 9 September 1977 and finished her voyage around the globe on 8 June 1978 after 272 days, thus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6292940", "chunk_text": "\"Around the world sailing record\"\nAround the world sailing record The first around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was Juan Sebastián Elcano and the remaining members of Ferdinand Magellan's crew who completed their journey in 1522. The first solo record was set by Joshua Slocum in the \"\"Spray\"\" (1898). Most races or solo attempts start from Europe. Due to the configuration of the continents, sailing around the world consists of sailing on the Southern Ocean around the Antarctica continent, passing south of Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope and Cape Leeuwin. Since 1918 the Panama Canal is an option but the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9537715", "chunk_text": "\"European maritime exploration of Australia\"\nWhen he returned to France in 1769, he was the first Frenchman to circumnavigate the globe and the first European known to have seen the Great Barrier Reef. Though he did not reach the mainland of Australia, he did eliminate a considerable area where the Southern land was not. In 1768 British Lieutenant James Cook was sent from England on an expedition to the Pacific Ocean to observe the transit of Venus from Tahiti, sailing westwards in via Cape Horn and arriving there in 1769. On the return voyage he continued his explorations of the South Pacific, in search of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16884435", "chunk_text": "Exploration\nthat period, Europeans discovered and/or explored vast areas of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Portugal and Spain dominated the first stages of exploration, while other European nations followed, such as England, Netherlands, and France. Important explorations during this period went to a number of continents and regions around the globe. In Africa, important explorers of this period include Diogo Cão (c.1452 –c.1486) who discovered and ascended the Congo River and reached the coasts of the present-day Angola and Namibia; Bartolomeu Dias (c. 1450–1500), who was the first European to reach the Cape of Good Hope and other parts of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1562957", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Route\"\nCape Route The European-Asian sea route, also known as the sea route to India or the Cape Route is a shipping route from European coast of the Atlantic Ocean to Asia's coast of the Indian Ocean passing by the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Agulhas at the southern edge of Africa. The first recorded completion of the route was made in 1498 by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama. The route was important during the Age of Sail, but became partly obsolete as the Suez Canal opened in 1869. Scholars of classical antiquity disagreed whether the Atlantic was connected to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13915443", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Columbus\"\nChristopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered was a route to the Far East, he is credited with the opening of the Americas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8655571", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Ocean\"\nOcean, ultimately reaching the coastal countries of East Africa. In 1497 Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and became the first European to sail to India (with the help of an Indian sailor) and later the Far East. The European ships, armed with heavy cannon, quickly dominated trade. Portugal achieved pre-eminence by setting up forts at the important straits and ports. Their hegemony along the coasts of Africa and Asia lasted until the mid 17th century. Later, the Portuguese were challenged by other European powers. The Dutch East India Company (1602–1798) sought control of trade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794309", "chunk_text": "Europe\nin 1492, and Vasco da Gama opened the ocean route to the East linking the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in 1498. Ferdinand Magellan reached Asia westward across the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans in the Spanish expedition of Magellan-Elcano, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the globe, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano (1519-1522). Soon after the Spanish and Portuguese began establishing large global empires in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Oceania. France, the Netherlands and England soon followed in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The Church's power was further weakened by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5440779", "chunk_text": "\"Museo Nao Victoria\"\nof the fleet commanded by Ferdinand Magellan that discovered the waterway around southern tip of the South American continent. Later, commanded by Juan Sebastian Elcano, she was the only ship of the five to complete the first-time circumnavigation of the globe. Commanded by Duarte Barbosa, \"\"Nao Victoria\"\" participated in the Discovery of Chile, being the first to explore the region in 1520, and discovering or naming Patagonia, Cape Virgenes, the Straits of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, the Pacific Ocean and other milestones. She is one of the most famous ships in history of navigation. \"\"James Caird\"\", was a lifeboat of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_168	who sang a whiter shade of pale first?	n/a	[ "Procol Harum", "British rock band Procol Harum" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822683", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nA Whiter Shade of Pale \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" is the debut single by the British rock band Procol Harum, released 12 May 1967. The single reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 1967 and stayed there for six weeks. Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop chart in the United States. One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of the best selling singles in history, having sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. With its Bach-derived instrumental melody, soulful vocals, and unusual lyrics –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17045670", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Harrison\"\nonly in Japan. He is currently in a band called 'Journey', where he plays Christian-oriented rock around the Leigh-on-Sea area of Essex. Bobby Harrison Bobby Harrison (born Robert Leslie Harrison, 22 June 1939, at West Ham, England) is a drummer and singer. He was an early member of Procol Harum, but shortly after their 1967 hit single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was released, he and guitarist Ray Royer left the group to form the band Freedom. He has also worked with several other members of Procol Harum on other projects; he joined a band called SNAFU which contained Procol's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822694", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nShade of Pale\"\" at Olympic Sound Studios in London, England. The recording was produced by Denny Cordell. Because they did not have a regular drummer, the drums were played by Bill Eyden, a session musician. The track was completed in two takes, with no subsequent overdubbing. A few days after the session, the band re-recorded the song with their newly recruited drummer, Bobby Harrison, at Advision Studios. This version was discarded, and one of the original mono recordings was chosen for release as the band's debut single. The B-side was \"\"Lime Street Blues\"\", another Brooker–Reid song, which the band recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10389262", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Fisher (musician)\"\nMatthew Fisher (musician) Matthew Charles Fisher (born 7 March 1946) is an English musician, songwriter and producer. He is best known for playing the Hammond organ on the 1967 single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" by Procol Harum, for which he subsequently won a songwriting credit. Fisher was born and grew up in Addiscombe, Croydon. He attended Selhurst Grammar School, playing the organ at morning assemblies. He started playing in bands in his teens, initially playing bass guitar, but around 1964, after hearing The Animals and Georgie Fame, he decided that he would prefer to be an organist instead. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1206207", "chunk_text": "\"Procol Harum\"\nProcol Harum Procol Harum () are an English rock band formed in 1967. Their best-known recording is the 1967 hit single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", considered a classic in popular music and one of the few singles to have sold over 10 million copies. Although noted for their baroque and classical influence, Procol Harum's music also embraces the blues, R&B, and soul. In 2018, the band was honoured by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame when \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was inducted into the brand-new Singles category. The Paramounts, based in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, led by Gary Brooker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10389274", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Fisher (musician)\"\n2005. Matthew Fisher (musician) Matthew Charles Fisher (born 7 March 1946) is an English musician, songwriter and producer. He is best known for playing the Hammond organ on the 1967 single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" by Procol Harum, for which he subsequently won a songwriting credit. Fisher was born and grew up in Addiscombe, Croydon. He attended Selhurst Grammar School, playing the organ at morning assemblies. He started playing in bands in his teens, initially playing bass guitar, but around 1964, after hearing The Animals and Georgie Fame, he decided that he would prefer to be an organist instead.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3533732", "chunk_text": "\"David Knights\"\nDavid Knights David Knights (born David John Knights, 28 June 1945, Islington, North London) is a British musician who was the original bass guitarist in the band Procol Harum. He played bass on the hit single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". He was in the band long enough to play on their first three albums. He departed in 1969, to be replaced by Chris Copping. When he was in Procol Harum he used a Gibson EB-0 bass. He also performed with a band named Ruby, that released one album before disbanding. He also produced a single for Mickey Jupp's Legend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822686", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nBurns and Lynn Novick's documentary series \"\"The Vietnam War\"\". Cover versions of the song have also been featured in many films, for example, by King Curtis in \"\"Withnail and I\"\" and by Annie Lennox in \"\"The Net\"\". The original writing credits were for Brooker and Reid only. On 30 July 2009, Matthew Fisher won co-writing credit for the music in a unanimous ruling from the Law Lords. Keith Reid got the title and starting point for the song at a party. He overheard someone at the party saying to a woman, \"\"You've turned a whiter shade of pale\"\", and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18855225", "chunk_text": "\"Procol Harum (album)\"\nProcol Harum (album) Procol Harum is the debut studio album by English rock band Procol Harum. It was released in September 1967 by record label Deram in the US, following their breakthrough and immensely popular single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". The track doesn't appear on the UK version of the album, but was included on the US issue. The UK version of the album was released in December 1967 by record label Regal Zonophone. All songs were originally credited written to Gary Brooker (music) and Keith Reid (lyrics), except \"\"Repent Walpurgis\"\" written by Matthew Fisher, after works by French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2656305", "chunk_text": "\"David Knights\"\ngroup. He is fairly inactive in the music industry these days. David Knights David Knights (born David John Knights, 28 June 1945, Islington, North London) is a British musician who was the original bass guitarist in the band Procol Harum. He played bass on the hit single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". He was in the band long enough to play on their first three albums. He departed in 1969, to be replaced by Chris Copping. When he was in Procol Harum he used a Gibson EB-0 bass. He also performed with a band named Ruby, that released one album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5927277", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Harrison\"\nBobby Harrison Bobby Harrison (born Robert Leslie Harrison, 22 June 1939, at West Ham, England) is a drummer and singer. He was an early member of Procol Harum, but shortly after their 1967 hit single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was released, he and guitarist Ray Royer left the group to form the band Freedom. He has also worked with several other members of Procol Harum on other projects; he joined a band called SNAFU which contained Procol's future organist Pete Solley, and also on Matthew Fisher's solo album \"\"Journey's End\"\". His 1977 self-titled project album \"\"Nobody's Business\"\" was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1206210", "chunk_text": "\"Procol Harum\"\nband is frequently misspelled; often with \"\"Procul\"\", \"\"Harem\"\", both, or other variations. At Olympic Studios, southwest London, with session drummer (and non-Paramount) Bill Eyden, producer Denny Cordell and sound engineer Keith Grant, the group recorded \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", and it was released on 12 May 1967. With a structure reminiscent of Baroque music, a countermelody based on J. S. Bach's Orchestral Suite N° 3 in D Major played by Fisher's Hammond organ, Brooker's vocals and Reid's lyrics, the single reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart and the Canadian RPM Magazine chart. It did almost as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12311597", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Brooker\"\ngained respect within the burgeoning 1960s British R&B scene, which yielded The Beatles, The Animals, The Spencer Davis Group, The Rolling Stones, and many others. The Rolling Stones, in particular, were Paramounts fans, giving them guest billing on several memorable shows in the early 1960s. In 1966, Brooker founded Procol Harum with his friend Keith Reid. \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" is the worldwide hit for which Procol Harum is best known, but Brooker's melancholic vocals and emotive, eclectic piano playing were a key part of Procol's musical mix for the entire course of the band's career. In the early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12831728", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nout that there were no time limits to copyright claims under English law. The right to future royalties was therefore returned to Fisher. Both the musicological basis of the judgment and its effect on the rights of musicians who contribute composition to future works have drawn some attention in the music world. \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was covered by Annie Lennox for her 1995 album \"\"Medusa\"\". It was released as the second single in May 1995 and became a top-forty hit in Europe and Canada. A Whiter Shade of Pale \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" is the debut single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231901", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nTV show. Procol Harum subsequently made a second promotional clip, using \"\"Scopitone\"\" technology. By this time, Robin Trower and B.J. Wilson had replaced Royer and Harrison in the band, so only three of the five musicians on the recording are represented. No performance footage appears in this film – only scenes of the five musicians cavorting around London and running across fields. The same lineup, with Fisher wearing a monk's cowl, mimed to the song on \"\"Top of the Pops\"\", although Brooker sang live. Black-and-white footage of the performance has been shown online. The song represents 1967 on the 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3305319", "chunk_text": "\"Homburg (song)\"\nHomburg (song) \"\"Homburg\"\" was the rock band Procol Harum's follow-up single to their initial 1967 hit \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". Written by pianist Gary Brooker and lyricist Keith Reid, \"\"Homburg\"\" reached number 6 in the UK Singles Chart, number 15 in Canada, and number 34 in the United States. It went to number one in several countries, including Australia, South Africa, and the Netherlands. An Italian cover (\"\"L'ora dell'amore\"\" by I Camaleonti) reached number 1 in the Italian Hit Parade Singles Chart on December 16, 1967 and remained there for 10 weeks. Reid's \"\"Homburg\"\" lyrics contains the same surreal,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10389266", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Fisher (musician)\"\nup with the well-known introduction and solo passages throughout the song. Brooker and Reid, who had composed the basic structure of the song before recruiting Fisher, refused. While \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was an immediate success, reaching number 1 in the UK charts for several weeks, Fisher doesn't recall the time as being a happy one for the band. Intending to be an underground band they were not accustomed to having a hit single, and he was unimpressed with the band's early gigs. The arrival of guitarist Robin Trower and drummer B.J. Wilson to Procol Harum in mid-1967 seemed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822684", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nby the song's co-authors Gary Brooker, Keith Reid and Matthew Fisher – \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" reached number 1 in several countries when released in 1967. In the years since, it has become an enduring classic. It was the most played song in the last 75 years in public places in the UK (as of 2009), and the United Kingdom performing rights group Phonographic Performance Limited in 2004 recognised it as the most-played record by British broadcasting of the past 70 years. Also in 2004, \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" placed \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" 57th on its list of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12831725", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nDVD release \"\"Top of the Pops 40th Anniversary 1964–2004\"\". There was also a film shot as part of Joel Gallen's Deja-View music video series. Originally airing on various networks in late 1985 through 1986, this video starred Harry Dean Stanton and Bernie Taupin, but featured no member of the band. It has also aired on VH1 Classic, and has recently surfaced online. In 2005, former Procol Harum organist Matthew Fisher filed suit in the High Court against Gary Brooker and his publisher, claiming that he co-wrote the music for the song. Fisher won the case on 20 December 2006 but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6878051", "chunk_text": "\"The Paramounts\"\nhit, subsequent singles were in different styles, but none of them charted. They became backing musicians on European tours by Sandie Shaw and Chris Andrews and the Paramounts eventually disbanded in 1966. Brooker concentrated on writing music, collaborating with Keith Reid, and Matthew Fisher (organ), and they recorded \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". Needing a band to tour and promote the record, Brooker convinced Trower and Wilson to rejoin them, and augmented this with David Knights (bass). By 1969 Knights and Fisher had left and Chris Copping rejoined. A friend of the musicians, Dave Mundy, disliked the name \"\"Paramounts\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231895", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nat Advision. Cordell was concerned that the sound of \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" might prove problematic on the radio, due to the prominence of the drummer's cymbals. He therefore sent an acetate copy to Radio London, and his worries were assuaged when the disco jockey played the disc on-air and announced: \"\"That sounds like a massive hit.\"\" The single was released on 12 May 1967 in the United Kingdom by Deram Records and entered \"\"Record Retailer\"\"s chart (later the UK Singles Chart) on 25 May. In two weeks it reached number 1, where it stayed for six weeks. Writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231899", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\n\"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was jointly recognised as \"\"The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977\"\" at the BRIT Awards, part of Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, it appeared at number 57 on \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine's list of the \"\"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\"\". British TV station Channel 4 placed the song at number 19 in its chart of \"\"The 100 Greatest No. 1 Singles\"\". In 2018, the song was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in a new category for singles. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822696", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nin 2005, Jim Irvin of \"\"Mojo\"\" said that its arrival at number 1 on 8 June 1967, on the same day that the Beatles' \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\" topped the national albums chart, marked the start of the Summer of Love in Britain. According to music historian Harvey Kubernik, in the context of the Summer of Love, \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was the \"\"one song [that] stood above all others, its Everest-like status conferred by no less than John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who were enthralled by the Chaucerian wordplay and heavenly Baroque accompaniment\"\". Kubernik also writes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4640807", "chunk_text": "\"R. B. Greaves\"\nand Procol Harum's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". Greaves left the label in the 1970s in favour of Sunflower Records, and then signed to Bareback Records. His only chart release for the latter label was \"\"Margie, Who's Watching the Baby\"\". Greaves died from prostate cancer, in Granada Hills, California, on 27 September 2012 at the age of 68. R. B. Greaves Ronald Bertram Aloysius \"\"R. B.\"\" Greaves III (November 28, 1943 – September 27, 2012) was an American singer who had chart success in 1969 with the pop single \"\"Take a Letter Maria\"\". A number two hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14566571", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic Man\"\nearly 1980s, his power pop quartet, Novo Combo scored minor hits with the songs \"\"Up Periscope\"\" and \"\"City Bound.\"\" A few years later (1983), Shrieve got involved with the power group HSAS, featuring Sammy Hagar, Neal Schon of Journey fame and former bass player from Derringer Kenny Aaronson. The group recorded the album \"\"Through the Fire\"\" and the single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", originally written and performed by Procol Harum, peaked at #94 in 1984. Shrieve is also the past President of the Pacific Northwest Branch of the National Association of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS), and is currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9432678", "chunk_text": "\"The Fleur de Lys\"\nhad also discovered Sharon Tandy, the first white artist to record for Stax Records. Sweet Feeling's manager Howard Conder recruited the band to record the song \"\"Reflections of Charles Brown\"\", under the name 'Rupert's People'. This single, heavily reminiscent of Procol Harum's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", failed to chart (except in Australia where it reached No. 13 in August 1967) despite receiving airplay but became a collectable item according to \"\"Record Collector Magazine\"\" (Issue c. 1992). The band recorded a B-side, \"\"Hold On\"\" which was their last work with Conder. Jimmy Page produced their first single and co-produced their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19317132", "chunk_text": "\"Deram Records\"\nplaced pop records next to progressive artists on Deram. Cat Stevens found early success there before moving to Island Records, and David Bowie's first album appeared on the label. Three of Deram's earliest hits, Procol Harum's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" and the Move's \"\"Night of Fear\"\" and \"\"I Can Hear the Grass Grow\"\", were produced outside the company by artists not directly signed to Deram. They were part of a deal with Straight Ahead Productions, who later moved their acts to EMI and had them released on the re-introduced Regal Zonophone imprint. In 1969, Decca launched Nova, a progressive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231897", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nthat, amid the search for higher consciousness during the flower power era, the song \"\"galvanised a congregation of disaffected youth dismissive of traditional religion but anxious to achieve spiritual salvation\"\". In his 1981 article on the musical and societal developments of 1967, for \"\"The History of Rock\"\", sociomusicologist Simon Frith described \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" as the year's \"\"most distinctive single\"\", through its combination of \"\"white soul vocal and a Bach organ exercise\"\" and enigmatic lyrics that \"\"hinted at a vital secret open only to people in the right, drug-determined, state of mind\"\". In the United States, the single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18884306", "chunk_text": "\"The Box Tops\"\nThe Box Tops The Box Tops is an American rock band, formed in Memphis in 1967. They are best known for the hits \"\"The Letter\"\", \"\"Cry Like a Baby\"\", and \"\"Soul Deep\"\" and are considered a major blue-eyed soul group of the period. They performed a mixture of current soul music songs by artists such as James & Bobby Purify and Clifford Curry; pop tunes such as \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" by Keith Reid, Gary Brooker, and Matthew Fisher of Procol Harum; and songs written by their producers, Dan Penn, Spooner Oldham, and Chips Moman. Vocalist Alex Chilton went", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822685", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\n500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 1977, the song was named joint winner (along with Queen's \"\"Bohemian Rhapsody\"\") of \"\"The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977\"\" at the Brit Awards. In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. More than 1000 recorded cover versions by other artists are known. The song has been included in many music compilations over the decades and has also been used in the soundtracks of numerous films, including \"\"The Big Chill\"\", \"\"Purple Haze\"\", \"\"Breaking the Waves\"\", \"\"The Boat That Rocked\"\", Martin Scorsese's segment of \"\"New York Stories\"\", \"\"Stonewall\"\", \"\"Oblivion\"\" and Ken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822700", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\npromotional clip for \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" was shot in the ruins of Witley Court in Worcestershire, England. It features four of the five musicians who played on the hit single: Gary Brooker, Matthew Fisher, David Knights and Ray Royer, in performance and walking through the ruins. Only the drummer in the video isn't on the record: early band member Bobby Harrison is seen miming to session man Bill Eyden's drumming. The film was directed by Peter Clifton, whose insertion of Vietnam War newsreel footage caused it to be banned from airplay on the BBC's \"\"Top of the Pops\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1206233", "chunk_text": "\"Procol Harum\"\nLondon Palladium on 9 October. 2019 starts with a Caribbean cruise hosted by Justin Hayward, with many well-known rock acts. A US tour follows. In July 2009, Matthew Fisher won a British court judgment awarding him 40% of the music royalties from 2005 onwards for 1967's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", which had previously gone 50% to Brooker for the music and 50% to Reid for the lyrics. Procol Harum Procol Harum () are an English rock band formed in 1967. Their best-known recording is the 1967 hit single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", considered a classic in popular music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18628201", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom (band)\"\nFreedom (band) Freedom was a psychedelic rock band active in the late 1960s and early 1970s, formed initially by members of Procol Harum. Ray Royer and Bobby Harrison, who had performed on the hit Procol Harum single \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", were kicked out of the Harum by vocalist Gary Brooker, and replaced by Robin Trower and Barry Wilson. Royer and Harrison then formed Freedom with Steve Shirley and Tony Marsh, who was immediately replaced by pianist / organist Mike Lease, releasing two German singles and the soundtrack for the Tinto Brass/Dino de Laurentiis film \"\"Attraction\"\" (original title \"\"Nerosubianco\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1025905", "chunk_text": "\"Bee Gees\"\nfilm \"\"Wonderwall\"\", according to director Joe Massot. On 27 February 1968, the band, backed by the 17-piece Massachusetts String Orchestra, began their first tour of Germany with two concerts at Hamburg Musikhalle. In March 1968, the band was supported by Procol Harum (who had a well-known hit \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\") on their German tour. As Robin's partner Molly Hullis recalls: \"\"Germans were wilder than the fans in England at the heights of Beatlemania.\"\" The tour schedule took them to 11 venues in as many days with 18 concerts played, finishing with a brace of shows at the Stadthalle,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1700128", "chunk_text": "\"Hammond organ\"\nplaying one. When Fisher asked if he could play it, McLagan told him, \"\"They're yelling out for Hammond players; why don't you go out and buy one for yourself?\"\" Fisher went on to play the organ lines on Procol Harum's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", which topped the UK charts in the summer of 1967. Steve Winwood started his musical career with the Spencer Davis Group playing guitar and piano, but he switched to Hammond when he hired one to record \"\"Gimme Some Lovin'\"\". Gregg Allman became interested in the Hammond after Mike Finnigan had introduced him to Jimmy Smith's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1206211", "chunk_text": "\"Procol Harum\"\nin the United States, reaching No. 5. In Australia, it was No. 1 for many weeks, setting a record of 8 weeks in Melbourne. After \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" became a hit, the band set out to consolidate its studio success by touring, with new official drummer Bobby Harrison added to the line-up; its live debut was opening for Jimi Hendrix in 1967. The group's follow-up single, \"\"Homburg\"\", with a line-up change of former Paramounts B. J. Wilson on drums and Robin Trower on guitar (replacing Harrison and Royer, respectively, who exited to form the band Freedom), reached No.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10416234", "chunk_text": "\"Conquistador (Procol Harum song)\"\nConquistador (Procol Harum song) \"\"Conquistador\"\" is a song by the British psychedelic rock band Procol Harum. Written by Gary Brooker and Keith Reid, it originally appeared on the band's 1967 self-titled debut album. It was later released as a single from the band's 1972 live album \"\"\"\". It is one of the band's most famous and popular songs and their third Top 40 hit on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 (after 1967's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" and \"\"Homburg\"\"), peaking at number 16. The song's lyrics were written by Keith Reid, and its music was composed by Gary Brooker, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13625624", "chunk_text": "\"A Question of Honour (song)\"\nof Pale\"\" US single featured all of the \"\"A Question of Honour\"\" remixes from the remix CD. In 2011 the song was certified by the Recording Industry Association of Japan as a Gold single for more than 100,000 digital downloads. Sarah Brightman released her cover of the Procol Harum song \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" as a single with \"\"A Question of Honour\"\" in 2001. \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" is from her 2000 album \"\"La Luna\"\". A Question of Honour (song) \"\"A Question of Honour\"\" is a 1995 single by soprano Sarah Brightman, from her album \"\"Fly\"\". It peaked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231898", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nreached number 5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and sold over 1 million copies. It also peaked at number 22 on the soul charts there. The song was included on the US release of the \"\"Procol Harum\"\" album, in September 1967, but not on the subsequent UK version. In the Netherlands, the single entered the chart at number 1 in June 1967 and reached number 1 again in July 1972. A May 1972 re-release on Fly Records peaked at number 13 in the UK. \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" has continued to receive critical acclaim. Along with Queen's \"\"Bohemian Rhapsody\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822687", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nphrase stuck in his mind. The original lyrics had four verses, of which only two are heard on the original recording. The third verse has been heard in live performances by Procol Harum, and more seldom also the fourth. Claes Johansen, in his book \"\"Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale\"\", suggests that the song \"\"deals in metaphorical form with a male/female relationship which after some negotiation ends in a sexual act\"\". This is supported by Tim de Lisle in \"\"Lives of the Great Songs\"\", who remarks that the lyrics concern a drunken seduction, which is described through references to sex as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16259349", "chunk_text": "\"Bucks Music Group\"\nsimply to enhance the profiles of new artists or artists who were linked to the Platz’s publishing enterprise. Vivian Stanshall, Third World War, John Kongos, Georgia Brown, John Keating, Richard Henry and John Williams were all featured on the label’s early releases. In 1972, Fly consolidated their chart success with older material. Three-track Magni-Fly singles re-introduced songs from the company’s back catalogue, such as “A Whiter Shade Of Pale”, into the UK Singles Chart. An album campaign entitled ‘Toofas’, (double albums priced as a single), found favour, and albums such as Procol Harum’s debut set suddenly made the UK Albums", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11018388", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Eyden\"\nhe went on to play with The Vic Ash-Harry Klein Quintet, supporting Miles Davis on his first British tour in 1960. He was also a member of the Ray Ellington Quartet when it worked on \"\"The Goon Show\"\", appearing on the video of the reunion programme \"\"The Last Goon Show of All\"\". Eyden joined Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames in September 1964 and remained until December 1965. He joined the Dick Morrissey Quartet, replacing Phil Seamen, and did session work for various rock and R&B groups, including Procol Harum on their seminal hit \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale.\"\" He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20516581", "chunk_text": "\"Il primo giorno di primavera\"\nIl primo giorno di primavera \"\"Il primo giorno di primavera\"\" (literally \"\"The first day of spring\"\") is a 1968 song composed by Mario Lavezzi, Cristiano Minellono and Mogol and performed by the musical group Dik Dik. The song was one of the band's major hits, its lyrics were praised by critics for their realism and for their original vocabulary, while the music and the arrangements reprised the style and the structure of Procol Harum's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", of whom Dik Dik had previously led to success with an Italian language cover, \"\"Senza luce\"\". The song marked the debut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18429941", "chunk_text": "\"Focus (band)\"\nband; Akkerman later said, \"\"Focus is a Latin word that is the same in many languages. It means concentration, which is the meaning of what Focus does\"\". Their first live gig as Focus followed at the Bird's Club in Rembrandtplein, and they soon secured a weekly residency playing two shows a night on two days. Early sets were mainly formed of covers, including \"\"I Shall Be Released\"\" by Bob Dylan, \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" by Procol Harum and \"\"Nights in White Satin\"\" by The Moody Blues, mixed with original material, including van Leer's first song written with the group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8913690", "chunk_text": "\"Trip the light fantastic\"\nof World War II (see, for example, its usage in the recording \"\"South America\"\", Vitaphone Release 1460A, 1945). Chester Himes uses a variation on the phrase: \"\"Colored boys and girls in ski ensembles and ballet skirts were skating the light fantastic at two o'clock ... \"\" In 1967, English rock band Procol Harum released its hit song, \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\", with lyrics by Keith Reid, that included a play on the phrase with \"\"skip the light fandango\"\", casting Milton's light and nimble dancing in a modernist perspective. In 1985, rock band Marillion released its song \"\"Heart of Lothian\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2971221", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Studios\"\nalso used the studio. The studio also saw the production of great numbers of other landmark albums and singles, including by The Small Faces, Traffic, Blind Faith, Hawkwind, The Seekers, The Moody Blues, Deep Purple, and Procol Harum's \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\". In 1969 Grant again commissioned his father, this time to re-design Studio Two, as the now working and unexpectedly popular studio was causing problems with sound transmission to Studio One. Studio One, for example, might be recording classical music by Elgar while Studio Two would be hosting sessions with the Rolling Stones. Robertson Grant successfully innovated a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19283169", "chunk_text": "\"Yumi Matsutoya\"\nduet with the vocalist Kei Tani. It was released as the group's first new single since 1986, and climbed to #14 on the Oricon chart. It was the highest chart position they have ever reached. In 2012 Yumi came to London to record \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" with Procol Harum, a band she considered an inspiration for her work. She sang a duet with Gary Brooker on this new version of the 1967 classic, which featured three verses and a guitar solo by Geoff Whitehorn. Yumi and Procol Harum then played a series of December concerts in major Japanese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1206228", "chunk_text": "\"Procol Harum\"\nU.S. tour supporting Yes. In 2012 the Japanese artist Yumi Matsutoya came to London to record \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" with Procol Harum, a band she considered an inspiration for her work. She sang a duet with Gary Brooker on this new version of the 1967 classic, which featured three verses and a guitar solo by Geoff Whitehorn. Yumi and Procol Harum then played a series of December concerts in major Japanese cities, one of which was recorded for a later television showing (on 31 March 2013). In 2012, Henry Scott-Irvine published a biography of the band, \"\"Procol Harum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8822689", "chunk_text": "\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\nI was too young to have experienced any decadence, then. I might have been smoking when I conceived it, but not when I wrote. It was influenced by books, not drugs. Structurally and thematically, the song is unusual in many respects. While the recorded version is 4:03 long, it is composed of only two verses, each with chorus. The piece is also more instrument-driven than most songs of the period, and with a much looser rhyme scheme. Its unusually allusive and referential lyrics are much more complex than most lyrics of the time (for example, the chorus focuses on Chaucer's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3100277", "chunk_text": "\"Fly Records\"\nFly Records Fly Records is a British independent record label, established in 1970 by the independent music publisher David Platz, and initially managed by Malcolm Jones from the offices of Essex Music in London. Platz had been producing records independently, in conjunction with record producers funded by Essex, and leasing them to major record labels. These creative collaborations quickly made their mark with hits such as \"\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\"\" (Procol Harum), \"\"Flowers in the Rain\"\", \"\"I Can Hear the Grass Grow\"\" and \"\"Blackberry Way\"\" (The Move) alongside influential recordings from the likes of Beverley Kutner, Tucker Zimmerman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_169	what material was used to build the roofs of houses in burzahom?	n/a	[ "birch" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10709685", "chunk_text": "Buru\nlarger ones of 30–50 houses and 150–300 people (\"\"fen-lale\"\"). On the coast, there were several multi-ethnic settlements with more than 200 houses (\"\"ibu kota kecamatan\"\"). This local variety of terms for a \"\"settlement\"\" puzzled the Dutch colonizers trying to systematise the local registries. Traditional Buru houses were made from bamboo, often on stilts. The roofs were covered with palm leaves or reeds. Cement, metal and tiles were introduced in the 20th century and urged to build more permanent dwelling, but with limited results, as the locals continued to relocate. This was partly due to the habits of relocation and partly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13105176", "chunk_text": "Borcea\nsun dried natural building material made from sand, clay, water and straws shaped into bricks traditionally called \"\"chirpici\"\". Finer adobe is also used for exterior coating and as a binding material. The exterior of a house is usually covered with a layer of lime. Some houses are decorated with traditional motifs. The simple ridged roof consists of declined rafters that rest on vertical wall-plates on top of each wall. Tiles are often used as a roof covering although galvanised steel and bitumen could also be found. The roof often extends toward the front of a house to cover a small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17917387", "chunk_text": "\"Burzahom archaeological site\"\nterrace which is part of the floodplain of the Jhelum river and has Karewa soil (clay) formation. The site has a commanding view of the Dal lake which is about away. In the Kashmiri language 'Burzahom' means \"\"birch\"\", a tree species (that generally grows in the elevation range of in the Himalayas), which is found in the excavated housing area in the form of roofing material, and thus confirming the existence of the tree even in the pre-historic Neolithic times. The first excavation at the Burzahom site was a limited exercise in 1936, carried out by the Yale–Cambridge Expedition headed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18288860", "chunk_text": "\"Burzahom archaeological site\"\nmade of bones (of antlers used for making tools) and stones (harpoons, needles with or without eyes, awls). Carbon dating established that the Neolithic culture of this site was traceable to the 3rd millennium BC, the earliest occupation at the site was dated to before 2,357 BC. The pottery found at the site were in an early stage of hand crafting, of the coarse variety, in steel-grey, dull red, brown, and buff colours with mat prints at the bottom; they were in the shape of bowl, vase and stem. The antiquities did not reveal any signs of burials sites. Late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2419545", "chunk_text": "\"Dutch roof tiles\"\nDutch roof tiles The production of Dutch roof tiles started in the 14th century when the use of fireproof building materials was ordained by government. At that time houses were made of wood and with straw roofing, putting whole cities at risk to destruction by fire. Many small roof tile makers set up production near rivers where both clay and transportation were available and began to produce roof tiles by hand using wooden molds to fill the newly created demand. The area near the cities Alphen aan den Rijn, Belfeld, Coutrai, Deest, Echt, Tegelen, Utrecht and Woerden were very popular.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5100741", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\npaper which was known to be in use before 1850 and was used as an underlayment in exterior walls, roofs, and floors and for protecting a jobsite during construction. Tar paper was invented late in the 19th century and was used for similar purposes as rosin paper and for gravel roofs. Tar paper has largely fallen out of use supplanted by asphalt felt paper. Felt paper has been supplanted in some uses by synthetic underlayments, particularly in roofing by synthetic underlayments and siding by housewraps. There are a wide variety of damp proofing and waterproofing membranes used for roofing, basement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1352434", "chunk_text": "\"Metal roof\"\nMetal roof A metal roof is a roofing system made from metal pieces or tiles characterized by its high resistance, impermeability and longevity. It is a component of the building envelope. Zinc, copper and steel alloys are commonly used. Copper has played a significant role in architecture for thousands of years (see: copper in architecture). In the 3rd century B.C., copper roof shingles were installed atop the Lovamahapaya Temple in Sri Lanka. The Romans used copper as roof covering for the Pantheon in 27 B.C. Centuries later, copper and its alloys were integral in European medieval architecture. The copper roof", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10210911", "chunk_text": "Burdei\nBurdei A burdei or bordei (, ) is a type of half-dugout shelter, somewhat between a sod house and a log cabin. This style is native to the Carpathian Mountains and forest steppes of eastern Europe. In the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture burdei houses were characterized by elliptical shapes. These houses would typically have a wooden floor that was about 1.5 meters (5 feet) below ground, which would place the roof at just above ground level. The term used by western historians, for burdei-type housing on the Lower Danube and in the Carpathians during the 6th–7th centuries AD, is \"\"Grubenhaus\"\". \"\"Poluzemlianki\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10210917", "chunk_text": "Burdei\nBurdei A burdei or bordei (, ) is a type of half-dugout shelter, somewhat between a sod house and a log cabin. This style is native to the Carpathian Mountains and forest steppes of eastern Europe. In the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture burdei houses were characterized by elliptical shapes. These houses would typically have a wooden floor that was about 1.5 meters (5 feet) below ground, which would place the roof at just above ground level. The term used by western historians, for burdei-type housing on the Lower Danube and in the Carpathians during the 6th–7th centuries AD, is \"\"Grubenhaus\"\". \"\"Poluzemlianki\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13601622", "chunk_text": "\"Roof tiles\"\nRoof tiles Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep out rain, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as terracotta or slate. Modern materials such as concrete and plastic are also used and some clay tiles have a waterproof glaze. Roof tiles are 'hung' from the framework of a roof by fixing them with nails. The tiles are usually hung in parallel rows, with each row overlapping the row below it to exclude rainwater and to cover the nails that hold the row below. There are also roof tiles for special positions, particularly where the planes of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12483344", "chunk_text": "\"Umayyad architecture\"\non the facade. Stone barrel vaults were only used to roof small spans. Wooden roofs were used for larger spans, with the wood in Syria brought from the forests of Lebanon. These roofs usually had shallow pitches and rested on wooden trusses. Wooden domes were constructed for Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, both in Jerusalem. Baked brick and mud brick were used in Mesopotamia, due to lack of stone. Where brick was used in Syria, the work was in the finer Mesopotamian style rather than the more crude Byzantine style. The Umayyads used local workers and architects.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7083993", "chunk_text": "\"Ceramic houses\"\nCeramic houses Ceramic houses are buildings made of an earth mixture which is high in clay, and fired to become ceramic. The process of building and firing such houses was developed by Iranian architect, Nader Khalili, in the late 1970s. he named it Geltaftan; \"\"Gel\"\", means \"\"clay\"\", and \"\"taftan\"\", means \"\"firing, baking, and weaving clay\"\" in Persian. Khalili's research into creating ceramic houses was strongly based on the idea that permanent, water-resistant, and earthquake-resistant houses could be built with the implementation of the four elements: earth and water to build the forms, and fire and air to finish them. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9379384", "chunk_text": "Roof\ngeneral sense, for which the other languages use forms corresponding to OE. þæc thatch\"\" [OED]. The elements in the design of a roof are: The material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper \"\"(see: copper roofing)\"\", aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles. The construction of a roof is determined by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16811103", "chunk_text": "Torpaggala\nmaterial was used on the ceiling. A large number of mica were found in the hearth. Rashid Goyushov notes that it appears that mica was used to tan the pelt and to whitewash walls. Studies have shown that there was a special craft neighborhood in Torpaggala. Here are two pieces of pottery and brick, as well as glass furnaces. Pottery furnaces are elliptic and have two halves. On both furnaces, ceramic plates were produced. The brick cooking area is the only building material found in the archaeological excavations in Transcaucasia. The most unique remnants in Torpaggala are rare glass furnaces.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20278392", "chunk_text": "Davan\narchitecture and city to display Kazerun leaves. Because of the mountainous region being the main raw material of stone architecture that Davan can provide immense found. Oak roof to roof clay, gypsum, which has been used as mortar, raw material from the surrounding hills Kazerun that mine are made very wide, lime latest materials used in architecture is home. Tomb of Sheikh Chhartaqy remains high among the Sassanid era that the hyper-dome located in the Islamic period and added to the north side of the circuit can be seen. Into the fabric of village houses and steep streets has led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14166468", "chunk_text": "\"Traditional Korean roof construction\"\nTraditional Korean roof construction Traditional Korean roof construction has traditionally used many kinds of natural materials. They are made of neowa (shingle), giwa (tiles), byeotjib (rice Straw), stone giwa (tiles), eoksae (eulalia) and goolpy (oak bark) Neowajib (a shingle-roofed house) can be seen in mountain villages (for example, in Gangwon-do), since these are places which are hard to get materials, such as Giwa and rice straw. Instead, it is made with the pieces of thick bark of about 200-year-old red pine trees which are easy to get. The size of neowa is not fixed, but it is usually about 20–30", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5075323", "chunk_text": "\"Metal roof\"\nsince they have approximately the same appearance and workability. Metal roof A metal roof is a roofing system made from metal pieces or tiles characterized by its high resistance, impermeability and longevity. It is a component of the building envelope. Zinc, copper and steel alloys are commonly used. Copper has played a significant role in architecture for thousands of years (see: copper in architecture). In the 3rd century B.C., copper roof shingles were installed atop the Lovamahapaya Temple in Sri Lanka. The Romans used copper as roof covering for the Pantheon in 27 B.C. Centuries later, copper and its alloys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871803", "chunk_text": "Qadad\nQadad Qadad (qadâd, kʉðað) or qudad is a waterproof plaster surface, made of a lime plaster treated with slaked lime and oils and fats. The technique is well over a millennium old and can be used as a roof covering. Volcanic ash, pumice or other crushed volcanic aggregate are often used as pozzolanic agents. Due to the slowness of some of the chemical reactions, qadad mortar can take over a hundred days to prepare, from quarrying of raw materials to the beginning of application to the building. It can also take over a year to set fully. In 2004, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2793381", "chunk_text": "\"Roof tiles\"\ntransparent to sunlight when viewed straight on. Roof tiles Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep out rain, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as terracotta or slate. Modern materials such as concrete and plastic are also used and some clay tiles have a waterproof glaze. Roof tiles are 'hung' from the framework of a roof by fixing them with nails. The tiles are usually hung in parallel rows, with each row overlapping the row below it to exclude rainwater and to cover the nails that hold the row below. There are also roof tiles for special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7898884", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\nbe used to cover the entire facade of a building, or it can be used to span over a wide roof structure in a \"\"space frame\"\". These uses though require some sort of frame to hold sections of glass together, as glass by itself is too brittle and would require an overly large kiln to be used to span such large areas by itself. Glass bricks were invented in the early 20th century. Gypcrete is a mixture of gypsum plaster and fibreglass rovings. Although plaster and fibres fiborous plaster have been used for many years, especially for ceilings, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4856932", "chunk_text": "\"Petroleum seep\"\nof buildings and waterproofing of reed boats, among other uses. The use of bitumen for waterproofing and as an adhesive dates at least to the fifth millennium BCE in the early Indus community of Mehrgarh where it was used to line the baskets in which they gathered crops. The material was also used as early as the third millennium BCE in statuary, mortaring brick walls, waterproofing baths and drains, in stair treads, and for shipbuilding. According to Herodotus, more than four thousand years ago natural asphalt was employed in the construction of the walls and towers of Babylon, great quantities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17917385", "chunk_text": "\"Burzahom archaeological site\"\nancient flora and fauna. The Burzahom site revealed the transition from the subterranean and ground level housing features of the Neolithic people to the mudbrick structures of the Megalithic people. The large cache of tools and implements made of bone and stone found at the site shows that the inhabitants were hunting and farming. The unearthed Antiquities (of art, architecture, customs and rituals) indicate that the prehistoric people of the Burzahom established contact with Central Asia and South West Asia and also had links to the Gangetic plains and peninsular India. The interaction of local and foreign influences is demonstrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2027625", "chunk_text": "\"Bituminous waterproofing\"\nreinforced with glass fibers. Mineral granules make up the self-protective top layer, with a final bituminous mixture encapsulating them both. Typical uses of felt paper are as an underlay(ment) (sarking) beneath other building materials, particularly roofing and siding materials, and is one type of membrane used in asphalt built up roofing (BUR) systems. The purposes are to \"\"...separate the roof covering from the roof deck...shed water...[and] provide secondary weather protection...\"\" Also, the rapid application of roofing underlay protects the roof deck during construction until the roofing material is applied and is required for roofs required to meet Underwriters Laboratory (UL)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9379391", "chunk_text": "Roof\nupon availability of material. In vernacular architecture, roofing material is often vegetation, such as thatches, the most durable being sea grass with a life of perhaps 40 years. In many Asian countries bamboo is used both for the supporting structure and the outer layer where split bamboo stems are laid turned alternately and overlapped. In areas with an abundance of timber, wooden shingles and boards are used, while in some countries the bark of certain trees can be peeled off in thick, heavy sheets and used for roofing. The 20th century saw the manufacture of composition asphalt shingles which can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6921750", "chunk_text": "\"Asphalt roll roofing\"\nasphalt. BUR roofing systems have had a long-standing popularity, due in large part to the success and proven reliability of BUR. The stock of 20, 30 and 40-year-old BUR roofs still in excellent condition attests to this fact. http://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=Roofing_felt Asphalt roll roofing Asphalt roll roofing or membrane is a roofing material commonly used for buildings that feature a low sloped roof pitch in North America. The material is based on the same materials used in asphalt shingles; an organic felt or fiberglass mat, saturated with asphalt, and faced with granular stone aggregate. Roll roofing is usually restricted to a lightweight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15218487", "chunk_text": "Qadad\ndocumentary film \"\"Qudad, Re-inventing a Tradition\"\" was made by the filmmaker Caterina Borelli. It documents the restoration of the Amiriya Complex, which was awarded the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2007. Qadad Qadad (qadâd, kʉðað) or qudad is a waterproof plaster surface, made of a lime plaster treated with slaked lime and oils and fats. The technique is well over a millennium old and can be used as a roof covering. Volcanic ash, pumice or other crushed volcanic aggregate are often used as pozzolanic agents. Due to the slowness of some of the chemical reactions, qadad mortar can take", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9379396", "chunk_text": "Roof\nof the purchaser. Sheet metal in the form of copper and lead has also been used for many hundreds of years. Both are expensive but durable, the vast copper roof of Chartres Cathedral, oxidised to a pale green colour, having been in place for hundreds of years. Lead, which is sometimes used for church roofs, was most commonly used as flashing in valleys and around chimneys on domestic roofs, particularly those of slate. Copper was used for the same purpose. In the 19th century, iron, electroplated with zinc to improve its resistance to rust, became a light-weight, easily transported, waterproofing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9081605", "chunk_text": "\"Dutch roof tiles\"\nbecame known for their durability. Dutch roof tiles The production of Dutch roof tiles started in the 14th century when the use of fireproof building materials was ordained by government. At that time houses were made of wood and with straw roofing, putting whole cities at risk to destruction by fire. Many small roof tile makers set up production near rivers where both clay and transportation were available and began to produce roof tiles by hand using wooden molds to fill the newly created demand. The area near the cities Alphen aan den Rijn, Belfeld, Coutrai, Deest, Echt, Tegelen, Utrecht", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14917120", "chunk_text": "\"Unetice culture\"\nhas been found as far south as Butzbach in Hessen (Germany). Amber was also traded, but small fossil deposits may have been used as well as Baltic amber. The most typical Úněticean housing structures are known from the Czech Republic. The houses were constructed of wood, with a gabled roof, rectangular in plan with an entrance on the western side. The roofs were built of straw and other similar plant materials, providing thermal insulation and protection from the rain. Because thatch was lighter, less timber was required in the roof structure to support it. Thatch is also a versatile material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2068079", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\nBuilding material Building material is any material which is used for construction purposes. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of and structures including homes. In history there are trends in building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6921749", "chunk_text": "\"Asphalt roll roofing\"\nStyrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS). These modifiers create a uniform matrix that enhances the physical properties of the asphalt. -Built Up Roofing (BUR): Built-Up Roofing (BUR) consists of multiple layers of bitumen alternated with ply sheets (felts) applied over the roof deck, vapor retarder, and (most often) insulation. BUR roofing systems are particularly advantageous for flat or low-sloped applications. The heart of the system is the membrane which includes the layers of bitumen, which is applied hot, and the reinforcing plies of roofing felt. With today’s technological advances in asphalt science, cold bitumen adhesives can be used in lieu of hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4906436", "chunk_text": "Darbazi\nDarbazi Darbazi (; from , \"\"gate\"\") is a term used in Georgia to describe a chamber with a distinctive \"\"swallow dome\"\"-type roof structure found in the traditional domestic architecture of Asia Minor and the South Caucasus. The central feature is a pyramidal vault (\"\"gvirgvini\"\"), supported on pillars and constructed of a stepped series of hewn logs and beams, with a central opening at the top which serves as a window and smoke flue. The Roman authority Vitruvius (1st century BC) includes in his \"\"De architectura\"\" a description of a Colchian dwelling, the ancient prototype of a \"\"darbazi\"\". Such lantern roofs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13601624", "chunk_text": "\"Roof tiles\"\nimitation of brickwork and was developed to give the appearance of brick, but avoided the brick taxes of the 18th century. Slate roof tiles were traditional in some areas near sources of supply, and gave thin and light tiles when the slate was split into its natural layers. It is no longer a cheap material, however, and is now less common. A large number of shapes (or \"\"profiles\"\") of roof tiles have evolved. These include: Tiled roofs first replaced thatched roofs in ancient Mesopotamia. Fired roof-tiles occur from as early as the 3rd millennium BC in the Early Helladic \"\"House", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18288859", "chunk_text": "\"Burzahom archaeological site\"\nfind during this period was of pits which were inferred as dwelling units; these were in circular or oval shape dug in compact natural Karewa soil formation. Some of the deep pits had steps and ladder access to the bottom level. In some of the pits the stratification revealed ash and charcoal layers, which denoted human occupancy. Post holes on the sides of pits at the surface level denoted the presence of superstructures covered with thatch made of birch. Shallow pits of circular shape of diameter adjoining the housing pits were found to contain bones of animals and also tools", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6252376", "chunk_text": "\"Rumah limas\"\nseated on it. The posts supporting the roof vary in length, usually between . In general, the upper part of the house is made of durable and expensive types of wood, such as tembusu and other types of hardwood. The posts supporting the house are made of \"\"unglen\"\" wood. Nowadays, the space below the floor is frequently walled in with concrete to create additional living space. The roof of a limas house follows the gradated levels of the floor and is topped by a hip roof, which is always covered with clay tiles. There are different slopes to the roof,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6998753", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\nis one of the oldest of building materials known, Thatch is another word for grass; grass is a good insulator and easily harvested. Many African tribes have lived in homes made completely of grasses and sand year-round. In Europe, thatch roofs on homes were once prevalent but the material fell out of favor as industrialization and improved transport increased the availability of other materials. Today, though, the practice is undergoing a revival. In the Netherlands, for instance, many new buildings have thatched roofs with special ridge tiles on top. Wood has been used as a building material for thousands of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19723738", "chunk_text": "Buzovnaneft\nis a U-shaped and five-story. Nasimi Square is located in front of the house. There are two towers over the house that are symmetrical to each other. These towers are like crowns and are belvederes. According to architect Rana Afandizadeh, the facades of the apartment have been made of plastic materials, and as the architect Alexander Ryabushin said, the materials used in the facade of the apartment were very expensive and of good quality. There are many windows and balconies on the south facing part of the building. Ryabushin acknowledged that designers were inspired by the Moroccan architecture in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6998771", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\nwaterproofing, and geomembranes. Fired clay bricks have been used since the time of the Romans. Special tiles are used for roofing, siding, flooring, ceilings, pipes, flue liners, and more. In the market place the term \"\"building products\"\" often refers to ready-made particles/sections, made from various materials, that are fitted in architectural hardware and decorative hardware parts of a building. The list of building products excludes the building materials used to construct the building architecture and supporting fixtures, like windows, doors, cabinets, etc. Building products, rather, support and make building materials work in a modular fashion. \"\"Building products\"\" may also refer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10258405", "chunk_text": "Hauran\nfor nearly all construction work done in the Hauran. Due to the lack of timber, basalt was also used for doors, window seals and ceilings, taking the usual place of wood. The reliance on basalt in the Hauran \"\"formed a truly lithic architecture“, according to Fleming Aalund. The \"\"tensile strength\"\" of basalt enabled the \"\"development of unusual building techniques\"\", according to historian Warwick Ball. Among these methods was the cutting of long, narrow beams from basalt to roof large areas spanning 10 meters or longer. Because of the size restrictions of the beams, a distinctive system of traverse, semi-circular arches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5100727", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\nfor early settlers. Circular huts were constructed from loose granite rocks throughout the Neolithic and early Bronze Age, and the remains of an estimated 5,000 can still be seen today. Granite continued to be used throughout the Medieval period (see Dartmoor longhouse) and into modern times. Slate is another stone type, commonly used as roofing material in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world where it is found. Stone buildings can be seen in most major cities; some civilizations built entirely with stone such as the Egyptian and Aztec pyramids and the structures of the Inca civilization. Thatch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18288857", "chunk_text": "\"Burzahom archaeological site\"\nof 11 years of investigations from 1960 to 1971. These are: Periods I and II of the Neolithic (Period I is called aceramic and Period II is called ceramic) origin, particularly characterized by dwelling pits (the largest measuring at the top to at the base at a depth of ); Period III of the Megalithic sequence noted by the free standing large stone Menhirs installed at the site by shifting boulders manually from the hills; and Period IV of the early Modern Period. The skeletal remains of the Neolithic humans found at Burzahom are similar to those found in Harappa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5929599", "chunk_text": "\"Membrane roofing\"\nMembrane roofing Membrane roofing is a type of roofing system for buildings and tanks. It is used to move water off the roof. Membrane roofs are most commonly made from synthetic rubber, thermoplastic (PVC or similar material), or modified bitumen. Membrane roofs are most commonly used in commercial application, though they are becoming increasingly common in residential application. Synthetic Rubber (Thermoset) – This type of membrane roof is made of large, flat pieces of synthetic rubber or similar materials. These pieces are bonded together at the seams to form one continuous membrane. The finished roof’s thickness is usually between 30", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10210914", "chunk_text": "Burdei\nand the overall preparation of the wood. Building the actual house required 2.2 cubic meters of wood (ash, oak, and beech). In itself, the superstructure swallowed two cubic meters of wood. Three to four cubic meters of clay were necessary for daubing the walls and reeds harvested from some 1,000 square meters, for the covering of the superstructure. Assuming sixty to seventy working hours per week and a lot more experience and skills for the early medieval builders, the house may have been built in three to four weeks.59 -Florin Curta. In countries like Romania, the burdei was built to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19280804", "chunk_text": "\"İnebolu\"\nseparate street access. The rooms have many windows and each room has a corbel and framework which enables the women to look out onto the street without being seen. The ceilings of the rooms are high and covered in carved art. Hand-rails in the houses are carved from a single piece of wood. Most of the houses have roofs that are tiled with a special sea-stone called \"\"marla\"\" . The tiles are wide, thin and heavy, and protect the houses from the strong northeast winds that blow across the Black Sea. The stone also provides an excellent insulation against heat.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8262068", "chunk_text": "\"Architectural metals\"\nwide scale throughout human history. Water pipes were frequently constructed of lead, until its health hazards were publicised in the late 19th century. Lead has been a popular roofing material for centuries, being used for roofing, flashing, gutters, downspouts, and conductor heads. Lead was best suited for low-pitched roofs, as steep roofs experienced creep. Lead roofs in regions with large temperature fluctuations, such as the mid-Atlantic states, experienced deterioration from constant expansion and contraction, called fatigue. Beginning in the 19th century, a roofing material called “terne” or “terneplate” was used, consisting of sheet iron or sheet steel coated with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3505895", "chunk_text": "Roof\nmaterial. Its low cost and easy application made it the most accessible commercial roofing, worldwide. Since then, many types of metal roofing have been developed. Steel shingle or standing-seam roofs last about 50 years or more depending on both the method of installation and the moisture barrier (underlayment) used and are between the cost of shingle roofs and slate roofs. In the 20th century a large number of roofing materials were developed, including roofs based on bitumen (already used in previous centuries), on rubber and on a range of synthetics such as thermoplastic and on fibreglass. Because the purpose of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348404", "chunk_text": "\"Roof garden\"\nRoof garden A roof garden is a garden on the roof of a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof plantings may provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement, habitats or corridors for wildlife, recreational opportunities, and in large scale it may even have ecological benefits. The practice of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings is sometimes referred to as rooftop farming. Rooftop farming is usually done using green roof, hydroponics, aeroponics or air-dynaponics systems or container gardens. Humans have grown plants atop structures since the ziggurats of ancient Mesopotamia (4th millennium BC–600 BC) had plantings of trees and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12302851", "chunk_text": "\"Flat roof\"\nas the roof becomes soaked. A modern (since the 1960s) development in the construction of decks, including flat roof decks, especially when used as living area or the roof of a commercial structure is to build a composite steel deck. Flat roofs can be installed from 10 to 50 year product systems, depending on product and installation process. Asphalt is an aliphatic compound and in almost all cases a byproduct of the oil industry. Some asphalt is manufactured from oil as the intended purpose, and this is limited to high-quality asphalt produced for longer lasting asphalt built-up roofs (BUR). Asphalt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3431986", "chunk_text": "Bousillage\nBousillage Bousillage (bouzillage, bousille, bouzille) is a mixture of clay and grass or other fibrous substances used as the infill (chinking) between the timbers of a half-timbered building. This material was commonly used by 18th century French colonial settlers in the historical New France region of the United States and is similar to the material cob and adobe. In French \"\"torchis\"\" has the same meaning or the meaning of a loaf of this material. \"\"Bousillage\"\" in south Louisiana is a mixture of clay earth and retted Spanish moss, but in the Upper Mississippi River Valley and Canada contains straw, grass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1053499", "chunk_text": "\"Traditional Korean roof construction\"\nholes get smaller and smaller. At last they disappear quickly. The stone between the joint is not to blow the bark. The life of the oak bark is so long that there is a saying, \"\"Giwa exists for ten thousand years, and the Oak Bark for one thousand years.\"\" Traditional Korean roof construction Traditional Korean roof construction has traditionally used many kinds of natural materials. They are made of neowa (shingle), giwa (tiles), byeotjib (rice Straw), stone giwa (tiles), eoksae (eulalia) and goolpy (oak bark) Neowajib (a shingle-roofed house) can be seen in mountain villages (for example, in Gangwon-do), since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_170	when does the new season of law and order svu come on?	n/a	[ "September 27, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20739520", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20)\"\nLaw & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20) The twentieth season of \"\"\"\" premiered on Thursday, September 27, 2018, at 9PM ET with a two-part premiere episode. The following Thursday, the series started airing new episodes at 10PM ET. This landmark season of \"\"SVU\"\" tied it with both the original \"\"Law & Order\"\" series and \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" as longest-running scripted non-animated U.S. primetime TV series. \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" was renewed for a twentieth season on May 9, 2018. Production started on July 16, 2018. On July 12, 2018, Executive Producer Julie Martin posted a photo of a script", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4655430", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)\"\nLaw & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) The nineteenth season of \"\"\"\" premiered on September 27, 2017 and finished on May 23, 2018 with a two-part season finale. Michael S. Chernuchin, who had previously worked on \"\"Law & Order\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Chicago Justice\"\" took over from Rick Eid as showrunner. This is also the first season since in 2010–2011 where another \"\"Law & Order\"\" series—\"\"Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders\"\"—aired alongside \"\"SVU\"\" on NBC. \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" was renewed for a 19th season on May 12, 2017. Chernuchin took over from Eid as showrunner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16793861", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\nwith the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6156555", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)\"\nan episode titled \"\"Info Wars\"\", inspired by the Charlottesville riots and the website InfoWars. Rhea's character was inspired by InfoWars reporter Millie Weaver. On March 5, 2018, it was revealed that Stephanie March would reprise her role as ADA Alexandra Cabot in an episode titled \"\"Sunk Cost Fallacy\"\" that aired on April 18, 2018. It marked March's first appearance on the show since . <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) The nineteenth season of \"\"\"\" premiered on September 27, 2017 and finished on May 23, 2018 with a two-part season finale. Michael S. Chernuchin, who had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6921215", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\nThe show starred Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler and Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson for its first twelve seasons until the former left the cast, unable to come to an agreement on his contract. As of November 29, 2018, \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" has aired 444 original episodes. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a twentieth season, which allowed it to tie the flagship \"\"Law & Order\"\" and \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" for the longest-running scripted drama in U.S. television history. The season premiered on September 27, 2018. The idea for \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3478469", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order (franchise)\"\nfirst season on November 14, 2017. The series is currently on hiatus. On September 4, 2018, NBC announced that it had given an order 13 episodes of the latest installment of the franchise entitled \"\"Law & Order: Hate Crimes\"\". Created by Wolf and Warren Leight, the series based on the NYPD's actual Hate Crimes Unit which follows an elite team of specially trained investigators who investigate all forms of discrimination. The cast is set to be introduced in the latter part of the twentieth season of \"\"Special Victims Unit\"\". The \"\"Law & Order\"\" franchise has one TV film, \"\"\"\" (1998).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11761941", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)\"\nafter Eid left SVU to be showrunner for the fifth season of \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\" Production on the season started on July 20, 2017. On January 9, 2018, NBC ordered an extra two episodes for Season 19, as confirmed in a tweet by Robert Brooks Cohen, rounding the episode count to 24. Chernuchin told \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" that this season of \"\"SVU\"\" would involve more ripped-from-the-headlines plots focusing on current events such as the Charlottesville riots. \"\"Conflict. It's just the state of the world today with everybody,\"\" he said. \"\"Everybody's political now and everything is political now, and we want to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15073954", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)\"\n399th episode. The 400th episode that was aired was the eleventh episode of the season, \"\"Great Expectations,\"\" which aired on NBC on February 15, 2017, (after being moved from its initial air date of November 9, 2016, and a second air date of January 4, 2017). At the end of production of the season, during upfronts \"\"SVU\"\" was renewed for a nineteenth season. Following the renewal announcement, it was revealed that show runner/executive producer Rick Eid had departed the show. He took over \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\" as showrunner/EP starting with its fifth season, replacing \"\"C.P.D.\"\" co-creator/EP Matt Olmstead. Michael Chernuchin, former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15073952", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)\"\nLaw & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18) The eighteenth season of \"\"\"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 21, 2016, on NBC and finished on Wednesday, May 24, 2017, with a two-hour season finale. Rick Eid, who previously worked on \"\"Law & Order\"\" and \"\"\"\", became the executive producer and showrunner, following Warren Leight's departure from the series at the conclusion of the seventeenth season. Eid himself departed the series at the end of the eighteenth season and was replaced by Michael S. Chernuchin. \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" was renewed for an eighteenth season on February 1, 2016, by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9112104", "chunk_text": "\"The X-Files (season 11)\"\nprevious season, \"\"This new batch of episodes is considerably stronger. Even the ones that don't really do much but spin their wheels do so with feeling, and when the show is great — as it is, yet again, in Darin Morgan's episode — it's downright sublime.\"\" The X-Files (season 11) The eleventh season of the American science fiction television series \"\"The X-Files\"\" premiered on January 3, 2018, on Fox. The season consists of ten episodes and concluded on March 21, 2018. It follows newly re-instated Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4709064", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order True Crime\"\nLaw & Order True Crime Law & Order True Crime is an American true crime anthology series that premiered on September 26, 2017 on NBC. The series was ordered by NBC on July 15, 2016, and is part of the \"\"Law & Order\"\" franchise. Created by René Balcer, the eight-episode first season, titled Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, is a dramatization of the trial of Lyle and Erik Menendez, who were convicted in 1996 for the murder of their parents, José and Kitty Menendez. The series is currently on hiatus. Filming for the series began on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15655780", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds (season 13)\"\nCriminal Minds (season 13) The thirteenth season of \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was ordered on April 7, 2017, by CBS with an order of 22 episodes. The season premiered on September 27, 2017 in a new time slot at 10:00PM on Wednesday when it had previously been at 9:00PM on Wednesday since its inception. The season concluded on April 18, 2018. The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show. His character was killed off in the season premiere off-screen. Following the cancellation of \"\"\"\", it was announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12309980", "chunk_text": "\"Cold Justice\"\nin addition to four confessions, three guilty pleas and three murder convictions. Although TNT made no official announcement, McClary wrote on her personal Facebook page in mid-2016 that the series was canceled. She later said that the production company is shopping the series to other networks. In February 2017, it was announced that \"\"Cold Justice\"\" had been acquired by Oxygen. A fourth season premiered on July 22, 2017. On April 23, 2018, Oxygen announced the series had been renewed for a fifth season, which aired from August 4 to October 6, 2018. \"\"Cold Justice\"\" scored 66 out of 100 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14376442", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds\"\nratings hit for CBS, regularly featuring as one of the network's most-watched cable shows throughout its decade-long run. The show's success has spawned a media franchise, with several spinoffs, including a South Korean adaptation and a video game. Following the conclusion of the thirteenth season, CBS renewed the show for a fourteenth season, which premiered on October 3, 2018. Every episode includes one or more quotations that are tangentially connected to the crimes under investigation, recited by a main character. Most often, one quotation is heard after the opening credits, and another at the end of the episode. When the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524559", "chunk_text": "\"FBI (TV series)\"\nof the mega-producer's previous procedural formulas overly familiar.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 57 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". FBI (TV series) FBI is an American drama television series by Dick Wolf that airs on the 2018–19 United States network television schedule on CBS, where it premiered on September 25, 2018. \"\"FBI\"\" received a straight-to-series commission for 13 episodes on September 20, 2017. On October 11, 2018, it was announced that the series had received a full season order from CBS. The origins of the series go back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9112088", "chunk_text": "\"The X-Files (season 11)\"\nThe X-Files (season 11) The eleventh season of the American science fiction television series \"\"The X-Files\"\" premiered on January 3, 2018, on Fox. The season consists of ten episodes and concluded on March 21, 2018. It follows newly re-instated Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson). The season's storyline picks up directly after last season's finale and the search for Mulder and Scully's son William is the main story arc of the season. Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) wakes up in the hospital after having a seizure, now realizing the events of \"\"My", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524556", "chunk_text": "\"FBI (TV series)\"\nFBI (TV series) FBI is an American drama television series by Dick Wolf that airs on the 2018–19 United States network television schedule on CBS, where it premiered on September 25, 2018. \"\"FBI\"\" received a straight-to-series commission for 13 episodes on September 20, 2017. On October 11, 2018, it was announced that the series had received a full season order from CBS. The origins of the series go back to the Television Critics Association summer 2016 press tour, where Wolf revealed plans for a crime drama series, placed in New York and set in the world of the FBI. Wolf’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16141257", "chunk_text": "\"Trial & Error (TV series)\"\nrenewed for a second season consisting of ten episodes. The season features the subtitle \"\"Lady, Killer\"\", and premiered on July 19, 2018. On August 7, 2018, NBC's option to renew the series for a potential third season had expired, with the rights reverting to Warner Bros. Television. Although the main cast's contracts had yet to expire, the series was being shopped around to other networks and streaming services. In February 2016, it was announced that Steven Boyer, John Lithgow, Sherri Shepherd, Jayma Mays, Nicholas D'Agosto, and Krysta Rodriguez had joined the main cast of the pilot. The main cast all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6921257", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\nplatforms, most episodes (outside of seasons 2-4 in the United States for reasons unknown) can be found on electronic sell-through platforms such as iTunes and Amazon Video. The show airs every Thursday night, on Network Ten in Australia, with a new episode usually followed by a repeat and occasionally shows repeats on other nights. Ten's digital channel One sometimes shows Seasons One-Three on Friday or Saturday nights, but is not currently airing these seasons at the moment. From the 29th of August 2017, Channel Nine started airing the first season at a late night slot, which it has also done", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16793863", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\nsimultaneously, two episodes after the original airing in the US. In Venezuela, the cable network \"\"Fox Life\"\" airs Law & Order: SVU starting from season 1 every Monday to Friday at 9:05pm. \"\"Law & Order: SVU\"\" is broadcast at 9.30 pm on Tuesdays on TV3 in New Zealand. Series 18 premiered on 11 April 2017. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often abbreviated to Law & Order: SVU or just SVU) is an American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City, where it is also primarily produced. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8087058", "chunk_text": "\"Blue Bloods (TV series)\"\nninth season, which premiered on September 28, 2018. The series follows the Reagan family of police officers with the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Francis Xavier \"\"Frank\"\" Reagan is the Police Commissioner. Frank's oldest son Danny is an NYPD detective, his youngest son Jamie is an NYPD police officer (later sergeant), and his daughter Erin is an assistant district attorney. Frank's second-oldest son Joe was murdered by a crooked cop in the line of duty in events that pre-date the series, when he was involved with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigating a group of corrupt NYPD cops", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18611388", "chunk_text": "\"Major Crimes\"\nis an activity that James Duff and Mike Robin and all of us have been engaged in for a long time.\"\" The final season premiered on October 31, 2017, and ended on January 9, 2018, wrapping the series with 105 episodes. Following the departure of Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson from the Los Angeles Police Department, Captain Sharon Raydor is selected as the new head of its Major Crimes Division. Throughout Season 1, she faces the challenge of earning the trust and loyalty of her officers, who are still in shock over Johnson's exit, while trying to close the department's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2527727", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)\"\nWaterston's fourth guest appearance on \"\"SVU\"\". In the episode \"\"Pathological\"\", Tamara Tunie (M.E. Melinda Warner), Carolyn McCormick (Dr. Elizabeth Olivet), and Jenna Stern (Judge Elana Barth) returned as their respective characters. The episode aired on January 10, 2018. McCormick also guest starred in the season finale. On December 14, 2017, Martin Donovan and Yasmine Al Massri were confirmed to guest star in an episode titled \"\"Flight Risk\"\" based on the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. The episode was about sexual assault in the airline industry and aired on January 17, 2018. On January 31, 2018, Rhea Seehorn guest starred in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1034731", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order (franchise)\"\n13, 2011, \"\"Law & Order: LA\"\" was canceled by NBC after only one season, but because of the hiatus did not air its final episode until July 11, 2011. Alana de la Garza and Terrence Howard starred. In April 2016, Wolf and NBC announced they were working on \"\"True Crime\"\", a scripted anthology series that will follow one significant true-to-life case per season. Season one, titled \"\"Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders\"\" stars Edie Falco as Leslie Abramson, Gaston Villanueva as Lyle Menendez, and Gus Halper as Erik Menendez. It premiered on September 26, 2017 and concluded its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5587013", "chunk_text": "\"Blue Bloods (season 8)\"\nBlue Bloods (season 8) The eighth season of \"\"Blue Bloods\"\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season contained 22 episodes and concluded on May 11, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fourth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an \"\"and\"\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17407599", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds (season 14)\"\nCriminal Minds (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was ordered on May 12, 2018, by CBS with an order of 15 episodes. The season premiered on October 3, 2018. The season also featured the milestone 300th episode which served as the season premiere. The entire main cast from the previous season returned. \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was renewed for a fourteenth season with an episode order of 15 episodes on May 12, 2018, with the possibility of more episodes being ordered later in the season. On November 27, 2018, it was reported that CBS had declined to order any more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "86253", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago P.D. (season 5)\"\nChicago P.D. (season 5) The fifth season of \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Rick Eid, premiered on September 27, 2017 and concluded on May 9, 2018. The season contained 22 episodes This season featured its 100th episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 25, 2017, it was announced that Sophia Bush would be departing the series, while Jon Seda is set to return after the cancellation of \"\"Chicago Justice\"\". After recurring last season as Detective Hailey Upton, Tracy Spiridakos has been promoted to a series regular for this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17498205", "chunk_text": "\"Wynonna Earp (TV series)\"\nseason was released on April 1, 2017, and the trailer released officially by IGN on May 19, 2017. Syfy released the poster for the season on May 24, 2017. Season 2 premiered on June 9, 2017, on Syfy and Space. Filming of Season 3 began January 15, 2018, and wrapped on May 7, 2018. On February 5, 2018, the series announced the casting of Megan Follows in the role of Michelle Earp, the mother of Wynonna Earp. In March 2018, Syfy and Space announced that Zoie Palmer had joined the series as a guest star in the role of Jolene;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10308302", "chunk_text": "\"Live PD\"\nsecond season concluded on August 25, 2018, with the third season premiering on September 21, 2018. In September 2018 A&E announced the series had been renewed for an additional 150 episodes, to run through 2019. \"\"Live PD\"\" is hosted by Dan Abrams, the chief legal affairs anchor for ABC News. The program features live video feeds from multiple (currently eight) law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. Abrams is joined in-studio by two co-analysts: former Washington, D.C. special police officer and crime reporter Tom Morris Jr. and Sgt. Sean \"\"Sticks\"\" Larkin of the Tulsa PD Gang Unit. Occasionally, the trio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7344541", "chunk_text": "\"How to Get Away with Murder\"\nfor a fourth season on February 10, 2017, by ABC. The series was renewed for a fifth season on May 11, 2018, by ABC, which premiered on September 27, 2018. In an interview with \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\", showrunner Peter Nowalk talked about what will happen in the third season regarding Frank's disappearance; he commented: \"\"Yes, I can see the three-piece suits and the hair product all falling apart. It’s more what Frank feels about himself\"\". When talking about the trust between Annalise and Frank, Nowalk said: \"\"...Frank has two choices: To run away and hope she never catches him, just to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9669625", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)\"\nbeen at odds, it's just nice to come into that office and know that we're not going to fight but kind of support each other as I think these two characters would in real life,\"\" Giddish continued. An episode based on the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations aired on January 17, 2018. \"\"We are hitting Harvey Weinstein head-on, but it's not in the realm of the entertainment business,\"\" Chernuchin said in an interview with \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\". \"\"It's a real important episode about the rape culture in an industry, and we wanted to try [to] stretch the law to criminalize that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17552343", "chunk_text": "\"Crime Watch Daily\"\nthe rerun package of \"\"True Crime Files\"\" from Investigation Discovery for their lineups. This move resulted in the loss of \"\"Crime Watch Daily\"\"'s major market clearances, as the stations were intent on replacing it with their new acquisition. Facing a continued ratings struggle, Telepictures and Warner Bros. ceased production of \"\"Crime Watch Daily\"\" at the end of the season with its final new episode airing on June 8, 2018. On September 20th, 2018, the show's website returned, this time under the new domain and website name of \"\"True Crime Daily\"\", continuing to use their resources (scaled down for a web", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15216723", "chunk_text": "\"Prison Break\"\nBlu-ray July 21, 2009. A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016. The revival series, dubbed \"\"\"\", premiered on April 4, 2017, and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm. The season concluded on May 30, 2017. On December 12, 2017, Dominic Purcell announced via Instagram that season 6 is \"\"in the works.\"\" Then on January 4, 2018, Fox officially confirmed that season 6 is in early development. The first season follows the rescue of Lincoln Burrows, who is accused of murdering Terrence Steadman, the brother of Vice President of the United States, Caroline Reynolds. Lincoln is sentenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6859410", "chunk_text": "\"Lethal Weapon (TV series)\"\nco-lead ahead of a third season renewal and will be playing a new character named Wesley Cole. However, in October 2018, Damon Wayans also announced his exit from the series as he will leave following the end of production for the third season in December 2018. In United Kingdom, ITV started airing the series beginning on March 3, 2017. Its viewing figures remained consistent with around 2.5 million tuning in each week. Series 2 started January 12, 2018. In Australia, the Nine Network premiered the series on January 29, 2017. In the Philippines, it premiered on June 10, 2017 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7343608", "chunk_text": "\"A Crime to Remember\"\nthe series are available through the ID GO app. The series was officially renewed for Season 5 as of March 29, 2017, and the season began airing February 10, 2018. Episodes feature interviews with surviving friends and relatives, as well as surviving journalists who covered the cases and investigators. Other interviews feature true crime experts and authors. Prior to her 2016 death, author and True Crime Diary blogger Michelle McNamara, wife of Patton Oswalt, was a frequent contributor to the series, a role now filled by Karen Kilgariff from podcast \"\"My Favorite Murder\"\". The producers honored McNamara at the start", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17498206", "chunk_text": "\"Wynonna Earp (TV series)\"\nfollowed by the announcement that Chantel Riley had been cast in the recurring role of a bounty hunter character named Kate. Bell Media announced on April 24 that musician Jann Arden had joined the cast as Bunny Loblaw, a member of Purgatory's town council. The key art for the season was released on June 5, 2018, along with photos of the cast. Syfy's trailer for the third season was released on June 8, 2018. Space released its trailer on June 15, 2018. The episode titles were released on June 19, 2018. Season 3 premiered on July 20, 2018, on Syfy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12521402", "chunk_text": "\"The Blacklist (season 5)\"\nwebsite Rotten Tomatoes reports a 100% approval rating based on five reviews, with an average score of 8.5/10. The Blacklist (season 5) The fifth season of the American crime thriller television series \"\"The Blacklist\"\" premiered on NBC on September 27, 2017, with a timeslot change from Thursday at 10:00 PM to Wednesday at 8:00 PM. The season was produced by Davis Entertainment, Universal Television and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Jon Bokenkamp, John Davis, John Eisendrath, John Fox, and Joe Carnahan. The season contained 22 episodes and concluded on May 16, 2018. The season aired the series'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11531434", "chunk_text": "\"Siren (TV series)\"\norders a pilot titled \"\"The Deep\"\", based on a story by Eric Wald and Dean White, who will serve as executive producers on the pilot, Wald wrote the script. Scott Stewart will direct the pilot, and Emily Whitesell will serve as the showrunner. On April 19, 2017, the series was officially picked up with the current title for broadcast in the summer of 2018. On October 7, 2017, it was announced that the series would be released on March 29, 2018 in a two-hour event. On May 15, 2018, the series was renewed for a 16-episode second season and set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8336529", "chunk_text": "\"Supernatural (season 13)\"\nSupernatural (season 13) The thirteenth season of \"\"Supernatural\"\", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 12, 2017, on The CW and concluded on May 17, 2018. The season consists of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the second season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. This season featured a backdoor pilot to a possible spin-off series called \"\"Wayward Sisters\"\", starring Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills, Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak, Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones, Clark Backo as Patience", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409555", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nthe series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7877556", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Elizabeth Winstead\"\nplan, focused on always being at least one move ahead of her opponents\"\". The season is set around December 2010 in Minnesota and follows the lives of McGregor and Winstead's criminal couple roles; it premiered on April 19, 2017, to positive reviews. In an interview with \"\"Variety\"\", Winstead spoke of the character, \"\"I'd never played a character like this. Once I was on set and doing it, it was so easy but it took all the elements coming together for me to feel confident and comfortable.\"\" In October 2017, \"\"Deadline\"\" reported that Winstead will be starring as lead in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580596", "chunk_text": "\"Shades of Blue (TV series)\"\nepisodes. The third and final season premiered on June 17, 2018, and the series finale aired on August 19, 2018. In February 2014, NBC gave a 13-episode straight-to-series order. A teaser trailer was made available on June 3, 2015, containing statements by Lopez, Ray Liotta, and Drea de Matteo. The series premiered on January 7, 2016. On February 5, 2016, NBC renewed \"\"Shades of Blue\"\" for a 13-episode second season, which premiered on March 5, 2017. On March 17, 2017, the series was renewed for a third season. NBC later announced on April 4, 2018, that this would be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18611392", "chunk_text": "\"Major Crimes\"\nfifth season, On June 22, 2016, TNT ordered eight additional episodes for season five, bringing the total to 21. On January 18, 2017, the series was renewed for a 13-episode sixth season, clarified in October as the final season, which aired from October 31, 2017, to January 9, 2018. \"\"Major Crimes\"\" received a score of 65/100 and \"\"generally favorable\"\" reviews based on 17 critics at Metacritic. \"\"Newsday\"\"s Verne Gay gave the series a B+ grade, calling it \"\"sharply written, acted and directed\"\", adding \"\"producers now have to turn an (occasional) antagonist into a full-time protagonist. Let the metamorphosis begin.\"\" Robert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17407601", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds (season 14)\"\nEmily Prentiss. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was ordered on May 12, 2018, by CBS with an order of 15 episodes. The season premiered on October 3, 2018. The season also featured the milestone 300th episode which served as the season premiere. The entire main cast from the previous season returned. \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was renewed for a fourteenth season with an episode order of 15 episodes on May 12, 2018, with the possibility of more episodes being ordered later in the season. On November 27, 2018, it was reported that CBS had declined to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580597", "chunk_text": "\"Shades of Blue (TV series)\"\nfinal season, and it would contain 10 episodes. The third season premiered on June 17, 2018. Lopez was given the main role in 2014. On February 26, 2015, Liotta, de Matteo, Vincent Laresca and Warren Kole were cast as Lt. Matt Wozniak, Det. Shirley Nazario, Det. Tony Espada and Agent Robert Stahl, respectively. Dayo Okeniyi was given the role of Det. Michael Loman. On March 30, 2015, Hampton Fluker was cast in a recurring role as Det. Marcus Tufo. On April 8, Sarah Jeffery was cast as Santos' daughter, Christina. On April 13, 2015, Gino Anthony Pesi was cast in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15073961", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)\"\n<onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> \"\"Unstoppable\"\", written by Julie Martin and Rick Eid, inspired by the sexual misconduct allegations against then-presidential candidate Donald Trump and starring Gary Cole, was originally scheduled to air on October 26, 2016, but it was pulled from the schedule and has since been shelved. At the 2017 Television Critics Association winter press tour, Dick Wolf expressed his belief that the episode may air that spring. NBC currently has no plans to air the episode, therefore shelving it indefinitely. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18) The eighteenth season of \"\"\"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 21, 2016, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16793855", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\nbrings empathy to his cases while dealing with a stressful home life, while Rollins' dogged persistence and instincts help her close cases, but her secrets could derail her career. In the current seasons, the Manhattan SVU is now run by Lieutenant Olivia Benson. \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" has started its twentieth season. Each season has aired on NBC and consists of 19 to 25 episodes, each lasting approximately forty minutes (sixty minutes including commercials). \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" premiered on Monday, September 20, 1999. After nine episodes, the show was moved to Friday nights, where it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2092521", "chunk_text": "\"Quantico (season 3)\"\nQuantico (season 3) The third and final season of American drama thriller series \"\"Quantico\"\" premiered in the United States on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on April 26, 2018, and concluded on August 3, 2018. The season was produced by ABC Studios, with series creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona serving as executive producers. The third and final season consisted of thirteen episodes, down from the twenty-two episode count of the two previous seasons. The season aired on Thursdays in the United States at 10:00 pm. The show was cancelled on May 11, 2018, by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16788000", "chunk_text": "\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17)\"\nholds a reputation of being a family man, along with a history of corruption and violence against women. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17) The seventeenth season of \"\"\"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 23, 2015 on NBC, and concluded on Wednesday, May 25, 2016. \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" was renewed for a seventeenth season on February 5, 2015, by NBC. Mariska Hargitay (Olivia Benson) had her contract renewed for season 17, as well as Ice-T (Det. Fin Tutuola). It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner/executive producer Warren Leight's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4961873", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Fire (TV series)\"\nseason. The season premiered on September 26, 2018. The show explores the lives, both professional and personal, of the firefighters and paramedics of the Chicago Fire Department at the quarters of Engine Company 51; Truck Company 81; Rescue Squad Company 3; Battalion 25 and Ambulance 61. Following the death of veteran Firefighter Andrew Darden, loyalties fracture and divide as Captain, previously Lieutenant Matthew Casey, officer-in-charge of Truck Company 81, and Lieutenant Kelly Severide, officer-in-charge of Squad Company 3, both blame one another for the death of their long-time friend and colleague. Severide is consumed with even more guilt when he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_171	in what part of the digestive tube do you expect the initial digestion of starch?	n/a	[ "the mouth", "the minor salivary glands" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844679", "chunk_text": "Digestion\nsmall molecules the body can use. In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10917647", "chunk_text": "\"Carbohydrate digestion\"\nCarbohydrate digestion All carbohydrates absorbed in the small intestine must be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides prior to absorption. Hydrolysis precedes transport of monosaccharides in hamster intestine. From sucrose, glucose is taken up much faster than fructose. Monosaccharide transport saturates with -glucose at 30 mM. Digestion of starch begins with the action of salivary alpha-amylase/ptyalin, although its activity is slight in comparison with that of pancreatic amylase in the small intestine. Amylase hydrolyzes starch to alpha-dextrin, which are then digested by gluco-amylase (alpha-dextrinases) to maltose and maltotriose. The products of digestion of alpha-amylase and alpha-dextrinase, along with dietary disaccharides are hydrolyzed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844703", "chunk_text": "Digestion\ncephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation. The human gastrointestinal tract is around 9 meters long. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7198052", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular digestion\"\ninitial components of the gastrointestinal tract are the mouth and the pharynx, which is the common passage of the oral and nasal cavities. The pharynx leads to the esophagus, a muscular tube that delivers food to the stomach, where some preliminary digestion occurs; here, the digestion is extracellular. From the stomach, food passes to the small intestine, where a battery of digestive enzymes continue the digestive process. The products of digestion are absorbed across the wall of the intestine into the bloodstream. What remains is emptied into the large intestine, where some of the remaining water and minerals are absorbed;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "615743", "chunk_text": "Duodenum\nDuodenum The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine. In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 cm (10–15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11570377", "chunk_text": "Starch\nproblems digesting crystalline structures. Raw starch is digested poorly in the duodenum and small intestine, while bacterial degradation takes place mainly in the colon. When starch is cooked, the digestibility is increased. Starch gelatinization during cake baking can be impaired by sugar competing for water, preventing gelatinization and improving texture. Before the advent of processed foods, people consumed large amounts of uncooked and unprocessed starch-containing plants, which contained high amounts of resistant starch. Microbes within the large intestine fermented the starch, produced short-chain fatty acids, which are used as energy, and support the maintenance and growth of the microbes. More", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844702", "chunk_text": "Digestion\nenergy, and thus imposes an \"\"overhead charge\"\" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures. Examples may be seen in humans, who differ considerably from other hominids (lack of hair, smaller jaws and musculature, different dentition, length of intestines, cooking, etc.). The major part of digestion takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine primarily serves as a site for fermentation of indigestible matter by gut bacteria and for resorption of water from digests before excretion. In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7116251", "chunk_text": "Amylase\nAmylase Amylase () are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082413", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nmoistens and softens food, and along with the chewing action of the teeth, transforms the food into a smooth bolus. The bolus is further helped by the lubrication provided by the saliva in its passage from the mouth into the esophagus. Also of importance is the presence in saliva of the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase. Amylase starts to work on the starch in carbohydrates, breaking it down into the simple sugars of maltose and dextrose that can be further broken down in the small intestine. Saliva in the mouth can account for 30% of this initial starch digestion. Lipase", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14168899", "chunk_text": "Starch\ndigestion) in food products. Synthetic amylose made from cellulose has a well-controlled degree of polymerization. Therefore, it can be used as a potential drug deliver carrier. Certain starches, when mixed with water, will produce a non-newtonian fluid sometimes nicknamed \"\"oobleck\"\". The enzymes that break down or hydrolyze starch into the constituent sugars are known as amylases. Alpha-amylases are found in plants and in animals. Human saliva is rich in amylase, and the pancreas also secretes the enzyme. Individuals from populations with a high-starch diet tend to have more amylase genes than those with low-starch diets; Beta-amylase cuts starch into maltose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082449", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nThe duodenum is the first and shortest section of the small intestine. It is a hollow, jointed C-shaped tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It starts at the duodenal bulb and ends at the suspensory muscle of duodenum. The attachment of the suspensory muscle to the diaphragm is thought to help the passage of food by making a wider angle at its attachment. Most food digestion takes place in the small intestine. Segmentation contractions act to mix and move the chyme more slowly in the small intestine allowing more time for absorption (and these continue in the large intestine).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4798870", "chunk_text": "Chyme\nChyme Chyme or chymus (; from Greek χυμός \"\"khymos\"\", \"\"juice\"\") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). Chyme results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328800", "chunk_text": "\"Resistant starch\"\nmild laxative and why consuming it at high doses can lead to flatulence. The concept of resistant starch arose from research in the 1970s and is currently considered to be one of three starch types: rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch and resistant starch, each of which may affect levels of blood glucose. The European Commission has supported research eventually leading to a definition of resistant starch. Resistant starch does not release glucose within the small intestine, but rather reaches the large intestine where it is consumed or fermented by colonic bacteria (gut microbiota). On a daily basis, human intestinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "350805", "chunk_text": "\"Khanom chan\"\ncarbohydrate, not a starch. It is a composition of plants, vegetables and fruit. It is indigestible in the stomach but it is digested by microorganism when it passes the large intestine. This process causes fiber to change into carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and water which can be absorbed directly into the body. The fiber can activate working process of the large intestine, make the excretory system work normally. Moreover, fiber can help to absorb carcinogen that contaminates our food and releases it out with the waste of our body. The fiber amount that we should consume is about 25-30 grams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10917649", "chunk_text": "\"Carbohydrate digestion\"\ndiffusion of substances, but is active and requires energy use by the epithelial cells. During the phase of carbohydrate absorption, fructose is transported into the intestinal cell's cytosol, glucose and galactose competes with other sodium transporter required for operation. From the cytosol, monosaccharides pass into the capillaries by simple or facilitated diffusion. Carbohydrates not digested in the small intestine, including resistant starch foods such as potato, bean, oat, wheat flour, and several monosaccharide oligosaccharides and starch, are digested in a variable when they reach the large intestine. The bacterial flora metabolize these compounds anaerobically in the absence of oxygen. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082446", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\ncleaving it to form trypsin; further cleavage results in chymotripsin. The lower gastrointestinal tract (GI), includes the small intestine and all of the large intestine. The intestine is also called the bowel or the gut. The lower GI starts at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and finishes at the anus. The small intestine is subdivided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The cecum marks the division between the small and large intestine. The large intestine includes the rectum and anal canal. Partially digested food starts to arrive in the small intestine as semi-liquid chyme, one hour after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082416", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nits surface. If the taste is agreeable, the tongue will go into action, manipulating the food in the mouth which stimulates the secretion of saliva from the salivary glands. The liquid quality of the saliva will help in the softening of the food and its enzyme content will start to break down the food whilst it is still in the mouth. The first part of the food to be broken down is the starch of carbohydrates (by the enzyme amylase in the saliva). The tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth by a ligamentous band called the frenum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844710", "chunk_text": "Digestion\nthe release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from the liver which helps in the emulsification of fats for absorption of fatty acids. Complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results a mixture of fatty acids, mono- and di-glycerides, as well as some undigested triglycerides, but no free glycerol molecules. In humans, dietary starches are composed of glucose units arranged in long chains called amylose, a polysaccharide. During digestion, bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase, resulting in progressively smaller chains of glucose. This results in simple sugars glucose and maltose (2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "577056", "chunk_text": "\"Dietary fiber\"\nthe particle size. The reduction in absorption rate with guar gum may be due to the increased resistance by viscous solutions to the convective flows created by intestinal contractions. Dietary fiber interacts with pancreatic and enteric enzymes and their substrates. Human pancreatic enzyme activity is reduced when incubated with most fiber sources. Fiber may affect amylase activity and hence the rate of hydrolysis of starch. The more viscous polysaccharides extend the mouth-to-cecum transit time; guar, tragacanth and pectin being slower than wheat bran. The colon may be regarded as two organs, The presence of bacteria in the colon produces an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8650795", "chunk_text": "\"Feeding tube\"\nplaced into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. These types of tubes are used for individuals who are unable to tolerate feeding into the stomach, due to dysfunction of the stomach, impaired gastric motility, severe reflux or vomiting. These types of tubes must be placed in a hospital setting. A gastric feeding tube (G-tube or \"\"button\"\") is a tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for long-term enteral nutrition. One type is the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube which is placed endoscopically. The position of the endoscope can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082448", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nfrom the stomach through the opening of the pyloric sphincter. The resulting alkaline fluid mix neutralises the gastric acid which would damage the lining of the intestine. The mucus component lubricates the walls of the intestine. When the digested food particles are reduced enough in size and composition, they can be absorbed by the intestinal wall and carried to the bloodstream. The first receptacle for this chyme is the duodenal bulb. From here it passes into the first of the three sections of the small intestine, the duodenum. (The next section is the jejunum and the third is the ileum).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8386935", "chunk_text": "\"Retrogradation (starch)\"\nRetrogradation (starch) Retrogradation is a reaction that takes place when the amylose and amylopectin chains in cooked, gelatinized starch realign themselves as the cooked starch cools. When native starch is heated and dissolved in water, the crystalline structure of amylose and amylopectin molecules is lost and they hydrate to form a viscous solution. If the viscous solution is cooled or left at lower temperature for a long enough period, the linear molecules, amylose, and linear parts of amylopectin molecules retrograde and rearrange themselves again to a more crystalline structure. The linear chains place themselves parallel and form hydrogen bridges. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082403", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nteeth, and also by the contractions of peristalsis, and segmentation. Gastric acid, and the production of mucus in the stomach, are essential for the continuation of digestion. Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4085428", "chunk_text": "Digestion\n(largely the glucose-insulin system) have been uncovered in recent years. Digestion is a complex process controlled by several factors. pH plays a crucial role in a normally functioning digestive tract. In the mouth, pharynx and esophagus, pH is typically about 6.8, very weakly acidic. Saliva controls pH in this region of the digestive tract. Salivary amylase is contained in saliva and starts the breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides. Most digestive enzymes are sensitive to pH and will denature in a high or low pH environment. The stomach's high acidity inhibits the breakdown of carbohydrates within it. This acidity confers two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844701", "chunk_text": "Digestion\ngizzard add enzymes to the thick paste, which helps chemically breakdown the organic matter. By peristalsis, the mixture is sent to the intestine where friendly bacteria continue chemical breakdown. This releases carbohydrates, protein, fat, and various vitamins and minerals for absorption into the body. In most vertebrates, digestion is a multistage process in the digestive system, starting from ingestion of raw materials, most often other organisms. Ingestion usually involves some type of mechanical and chemical processing. Digestion is separated into four steps: Underlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis. Each step in digestion requires", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844705", "chunk_text": "Digestion\nThe partially digested food enters the duodenum as a thick semi-liquid chyme. In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. The intestinal walls are lined with villi, and their epithelial cells is covered with numerous microvilli to improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine. In the large intestine the passage of food is slower to enable fermentation by the gut flora to take place. Here water is absorbed and waste material stored as feces to be removed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328799", "chunk_text": "\"Resistant starch\"\nResistant starch Resistant starch (RS) is starch, including its degradation products, that escapes from digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals. Resistant starch occurs naturally in foods but is also added to foods by the addition of isolated or manufactured types of resistant starch. Some types of resistant starch (RS1, RS2 and RS3) are fermented by the large intestinal microbiota, conferring benefits to human health through the production of short-chain fatty acids, increased bacterial mass, and promotion of butyrate-producing bacteria. Resistant starch in various ways has similar physiologic effect as dietary fiber, which is why it functions as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082401", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nHuman digestive system The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has many stages. The first stage is the cephalic phase of digestion which begins with gastric secretions in response to the sight and smell of food. The next stage starts in the mouth. Chewing, in which food is mixed with saliva, begins the mechanical process of digestion. This produces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18430627", "chunk_text": "\"Gastrointestinal tract\"\nthe pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, as in other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. In humans, the small intestine is further subdivided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum while the large intestine is subdivided into the, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal. The small intestine begins at the duodenum and is a tubular structure, usually between 6 and 7 m long. Its mucosal area in an adult human is about 30 m. Its main function is to absorb the products of digestion (including carbohydrates,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4085395", "chunk_text": "Digestion\nthat move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes. After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328801", "chunk_text": "\"Resistant starch\"\nmicrobiota encounter more carbohydrates than any other dietary component. This includes resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharide fibers, oligosaccharides, and simple sugars which have significance in colon health. The fermentation of resistant starch produces short-chain fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate and increased bacterial cell mass. The short-chain fatty acids are produced in the large intestine where they are rapidly absorbed from the colon, then are metabolized in colonic epithelial cells, liver or other tissues. The fermentation of resistant starch produces more butyrate than other types of dietary fibers. Modest amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11234685", "chunk_text": "\"Development of the digestive system\"\nDevelopment of the digestive system The development of the digestive system concerns the epithelium of the digestive system and the parenchyma of its derivatives, which originate from the endoderm. Connective tissue, muscular components, and peritoneal components originate in the mesoderm. Different regions of the gut tube such as the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, etc. are specified by a retinoic acid gradient that causes transcription factors unique to each region to be expressed. Differentiation of the gut and its derivatives depends upon reciprocal interactions between the gut endoderm and its surrounding mesoderm. Hox genes in the mesoderm are induced by a Hedgehog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7696405", "chunk_text": "Malabsorption\nenzymatic breakdown of food. Mechanical processes include chewing, gastric churning, and the to-and-fro mixing in the small intestine. Enzymatic hydrolysis is initiated by intraluminal processes requiring gastric, pancreatic, and biliary secretions. The final products of digestion are absorbed through the intestinal epithelial cells. Malabsorption constitutes the pathological interference with the normal physiological sequence of digestion (intraluminal process), absorption (mucosal process) and transport (postmucosal events) of nutrients. Intestinal malabsorption can be due to: There is no single, specific test for malabsorption. As for most medical conditions, investigation is guided by symptoms and signs. A range of different conditions can produce malabsorption", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082432", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nfats to some degree though is not as efficient as the pancreatic lipase. The pylorus, the lowest section of the stomach which attaches to the duodenum via the pyloric canal, contains countless glands which secrete digestive enzymes including gastrin. After an hour or two, a thick semi-liquid called chyme is produced. When the pyloric sphincter, or valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes further with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes through the small intestine, where digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20136039", "chunk_text": "Jejunum\nJejunum The jejunum () is the second part of the small intestine in humans and most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the ileum and is considered to start at the suspensory muscle of the duodenum , a location called the duodenojejunal flexure. The division between the jejunum and ileum is not anatomically distinct due to the fact that in adult humans, the small intestine is usually 6-7m long, about two-fifths of which (2.5 m) is the jejunum. The interior surface of the jejunum— which is exposed to ingested food— is covered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9999088", "chunk_text": "Stomach\nsmall rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the oesophagus via the lower oesophageal sphincter. The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin) and hydrochloric acid, which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work. Food is churned by the stomach through muscular contractions of the wall called peristalsis – reducing the volume of the bolus, before looping around the fundus and the body of stomach as the boluses are converted into chyme (partially digested food). Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5048728", "chunk_text": "\"Cat anatomy\"\nacid and other digestive enzymes to break down food. Food moves from the stomach into the small intestine. The first part of the small intestine is the duodenum. As food moves through the duodenum, it mixes with bile, a fluid that neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fat. The pancreas releases enzymes that aid in digestion so that nutrients can be broken down and pass through the intestinal mucosa into the blood and travel to the rest of the body. The pancreas doesn't produce starch processing enzymes because cats don't eat a diet high in carbohydrates. Since the cat digests low", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14168879", "chunk_text": "Starch\nthe form of starch, on the other hand, is not soluble, therefore osmotically inactive and can be stored much more compactly. Glucose molecules are bound in starch by the easily hydrolyzed alpha bonds. The same type of bond is found in the animal reserve polysaccharide glycogen. This is in contrast to many structural polysaccharides such as chitin, cellulose and peptidoglycan, which are bound by beta bonds and are much more resistant to hydrolysis. Plants produce starch by first converting glucose 1-phosphate to ADP-glucose using the enzyme glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase. This step requires energy in the form of ATP. The enzyme starch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8844680", "chunk_text": "Digestion\nsmall, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. It also contains rennin in case of infants and toddlers. As the first two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082453", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\nits nutrients the remaining waste material changes into the semi-solids called feces, which pass to the large intestine, where bacteria in the gut flora further break down residual proteins and starches. The cecum is a pouch marking the division between the small intestine and the large intestine. The cecum receives chyme from the last part of the small intestine, the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. At this junction there is a sphincter or valve, the ileocecal valve which slows the passage of chyme from the ileum, allowing further digestion. It is also the site", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "202592", "chunk_text": "Starch\nhighly processed foods are more easily digested and release more glucose in the small intestine—less starch reaches the large intestine and more energy is absorbed by the body. It is thought that this shift in energy delivery (as a result of eating more processed foods) may be one of the contributing factors to the development of metabolic disorders of modern life, including obesity and diabetes. The starch industry extracts and refines starches from seeds, roots and tubers, by wet grinding, washing, sieving and drying. Today, the main commercial refined starches are cornstarch, tapioca, arrowroot, and wheat, rice, and potato starches.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328804", "chunk_text": "\"Resistant starch\"\nmanufactured foods. Starches with high amylose content generally have increased resistant starch. Resistant starch (RS) is any starch or starch digestion products that are not digested and absorbed in the stomach or small intestine and pass on to the large intestine. RS has been categorized into four types: Processing may affect the natural resistant starch content of foods. In general, processes that break down structural barriers to digestion reduce resistant starch content, with greater reductions resulting from processing. Whole grain wheat may contain as high as 14% resistant starch, while milled wheat flour may contain only 2%. Resistant starch content", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11572035", "chunk_text": "Starch\nRecommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. Starch Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as energy storage. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets and is contained in large amounts in staple foods like potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), rice, and cassava. Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11817551", "chunk_text": "Alpha-amylase\namylase isoforms link to chromosome 1p21 (see AMY1A). Amylase is found in saliva and breaks starch into maltose and dextrin. This form of amylase is also called \"\"ptyalin\"\" It will break large, insoluble starch molecules into soluble starches (amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, and achrodextrin) producing successively smaller starches and ultimately maltose. Ptyalin acts on linear α(1,4) glycosidic linkages, but compound hydrolysis requires an enzyme that acts on branched products. Salivary amylase is inactivated in the stomach by gastric acid. In gastric juice adjusted to pH 3.3, ptyalin was totally inactivated in 20 minutes at 37 °C. In contrast, 50% of amylase activity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20082466", "chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\npredispose for certain digestive disorders. Gestational diabetes can develop in the mother as a result of pregnancy and while this often presents with few symptoms it can lead to pre-eclampsia. Human digestive system The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has many stages. The first stage is the cephalic phase of digestion which begins with gastric secretions in response", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9999078", "chunk_text": "Stomach\nStomach The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, \"\"stomachos,\"\" \"\"stoma\"\" means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital digestive organ. In the digestive system the stomach is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication (chewing). In humans and many other animals, the stomach is located between the oesophagus and the small intestine. It secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid to aid in food digestion. The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8008248", "chunk_text": "\"Large intestine\"\nmore is made available, thus permitting a higher portion of plant material in the diet. The large intestine produces no digestive enzymes — chemical digestion is completed in the small intestine before the chyme reaches the large intestine. The pH in the colon varies between 5.5 and 7 (slightly acidic to neutral). Water absorption at the colon typically proceeds against a transmucosal osmotic pressure gradient. The standing gradient osmosis is the reabsorption of water against the osmotic gradient in the intestines. Cells occupying the intestinal lining pump sodium ions into the intercellular space, raising the osmolarity of the intercellular fluid.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11570343", "chunk_text": "Starch\nStarch Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as energy storage. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets and is contained in large amounts in staple foods like potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), rice, and cassava. Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "725421", "chunk_text": "Cecum\nCecum The cecum or caecum (, plural ceca ; from the Latin \"\"caecus\"\" meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15566834", "chunk_text": "\"Retrogradation (starch)\"\ncan reduce retrogradation of starch. Retrogradation (starch) Retrogradation is a reaction that takes place when the amylose and amylopectin chains in cooked, gelatinized starch realign themselves as the cooked starch cools. When native starch is heated and dissolved in water, the crystalline structure of amylose and amylopectin molecules is lost and they hydrate to form a viscous solution. If the viscous solution is cooled or left at lower temperature for a long enough period, the linear molecules, amylose, and linear parts of amylopectin molecules retrograde and rearrange themselves again to a more crystalline structure. The linear chains place themselves parallel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_172	who was the french chef given credit for developing the classic kitchen brigade?	n/a	[ "Georges Auguste Escoffier" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2928260", "chunk_text": "\"Brigade de cuisine\"\nBrigade de cuisine Brigade de cuisine (, \"\"kitchen brigade\"\") is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as \"\"kitchen staff\"\" in English-speaking countries. The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846-1935). This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen. This is an exhaustive list of the different members of the kitchen brigade. Only the largest of establishments would have an extensive staff of this size. As noted under some titles, certain positions are combined into other positions when such a large staff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8505067", "chunk_text": "\"French cuisine\"\nabolition of the guilds. This and the substantial discretionary income of the French Directory's \"\"nouveau riche\"\" helped keep these new restaurants in business. Larger restaurants and hotels in France employ extensive staff and are commonly referred to as either the \"\"kitchen brigade\"\" for the kitchen staff or \"\"dining room brigade\"\" system for the dining room staff. This system was created by Georges Auguste Escoffier. This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks. The following is a list of positions held both in the kitchen and dining rooms brigades in France: The initial language of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2928261", "chunk_text": "\"Brigade de cuisine\"\nis unnecessary. Note: Despite the use of \"\"chef\"\" in English as the title for a cook, the word actually means \"\"chief\"\" or \"\"head\"\" in French. Similarly, \"\"cuisine\"\" means \"\"kitchen\"\", but also refers to food or cooking generally, or a type of food or cooking. Brigade de cuisine Brigade de cuisine (, \"\"kitchen brigade\"\") is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as \"\"kitchen staff\"\" in English-speaking countries. The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846-1935). This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3851549", "chunk_text": "Chef\nin the culinary profession originated in the \"\"haute cuisine\"\" of the 19th century. The culinary arts, among other aspects of the French language introduced French loan-words into the English language. Various titles, detailed below, are given to those working in a professional kitchen and each can be considered a title for a type of chef. Many of the titles are based on the \"\"brigade de cuisine\"\" (or brigade system) documented by Auguste Escoffier, while others have a more general meaning depending on the individual kitchen. Other names include executive chef, chef manager, head chef, and master chef. This person is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6652560", "chunk_text": "\"Joël Robuchon\"\nJoël Robuchon Joël Robuchon (, 7 April 1945 – 6 August 2018) was a French chef and restaurateur. He was named \"\"Chef of the Century\"\" by the guide Gault Millau in 1989, and awarded the Meilleur Ouvrier de France (France's best worker) in cuisine in 1976. He published several cookbooks, two of which have been translated into English, chaired the committee for the \"\"Larousse Gastronomique\"\", and hosted culinary television shows in France. He operated more than a dozen restaurants in Bangkok, Bordeaux, Hong Kong, Las Vegas, London, Macau, Monaco, Montreal, Paris, Shanghai, Singapore, Taipei, Tokyo, and New York City, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11052936", "chunk_text": "\"French cuisine\"\ncentral figure to the modernization of haute cuisine and organizing what would become the national cuisine of France. His influence began with the rise of some of the great hotels in Europe and America during the 1880s – 1890s. The Savoy Hotel managed by César Ritz was an early hotel in which Escoffier worked, but much of his influence came during his management of the kitchens in the Carlton from 1898 until 1921. He created a system of \"\"parties\"\" called the brigade system, which separated the professional kitchen into five separate stations. These five stations included the \"\"garde manger\"\" that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5123009", "chunk_text": "\"Joël Robuchon\"\nhis inspiration firstly from the simplicity of Japanese cuisine, he led the way in creating a more delicate style respectful of natural food ingredients. Robuchon has published numerous cookbooks in French and English, some of which are: Joël Robuchon Joël Robuchon (, 7 April 1945 – 6 August 2018) was a French chef and restaurateur. He was named \"\"Chef of the Century\"\" by the guide Gault Millau in 1989, and awarded the Meilleur Ouvrier de France (France's best worker) in cuisine in 1976. He published several cookbooks, two of which have been translated into English, chaired the committee for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14986692", "chunk_text": "\"Auguste Escoffier\"\nAuguste Escoffier Georges Auguste Escoffier (; 28 October 1846 – 12 February 1935) was a French chef, restaurateur and culinary writer who popularized and updated traditional French cooking methods. Much of Escoffier's technique was based on that of Marie-Antoine Carême, one of the codifiers of French \"\"haute cuisine\"\", but Escoffier's achievement was to simplify and modernize Carême's elaborate and ornate style. In particular, he codified the recipes for the five mother sauces. Referred to by the French press as \"\"roi des cuisiniers et cuisinier des rois\"\" (\"\"king of chefs and chef of kings\"\"—though this had also been previously said of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5993546", "chunk_text": "Saucier\nSaucier A saucier () or sauté chef is a position in the classical brigade style kitchen. It can be translated into English as \"\"sauce cook\"\". In addition to preparing sauces, the saucier prepares stews, hot hors d'œuvres, and sautés food to order. Although it is often considered the highest position of the station cooks, the saucier is typically still tertiary to the chef and sous-chef. In Georges Auguste Escoffier's system of the classic kitchen brigade, outlined in his \"\"Guide Culinaire\"\", the saucier is \"\"responsible for all sautéed items and most sauces.\"\" The 1979 film \"\"Apocalypse Now\"\" character, \"\"Chef\"\" Hicks (played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8505028", "chunk_text": "\"French cuisine\"\nappearance of the nouvelle cuisine. The term \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\" has been used many times in the history of French cuisine which emphasized the freshness, lightness and clarity of flavor and inspired by new movements in world cuisine. In the 1740s, Menon first used the term, but the cooking of Vincent La Chapelle and François Marin was also considered modern. In the 1960s, Henri Gault and Christian Millau revived it to describe the cooking of Paul Bocuse, Jean and Pierre Troisgros, Michel Guérard, Roger Vergé and Raymond Oliver. These chefs were working toward rebelling against the \"\"orthodoxy\"\" of Escoffier's cuisine. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2811221", "chunk_text": "\"Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts\"\nmerger, the school purchased an additional campus in Austin, Texas. The school is named after Auguste Escoffier, the renowned French chef who is hailed as the father of modern cuisine and known for creating the kitchen brigade system, à la carte menu and the mother sauces. The school has a focus on a mix of classic French and modern culinary techniques and is strongly affiliated with the Auguste Escoffier Foundation, Le Musee Escoffier de l’Art Culinaire and Michel Escoffier, the great grandson of the well-known chef and a member of the parent corporation’s advisory board. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5911764", "chunk_text": "\"Joël Robuchon\"\nWorld” by International Herald Tribune. Between 1987 and 1990, he became a regular of cooking shows on French television. In 1989, prestigious restaurant guide \"\"Gault Millau\"\" named Robuchon the ”Chef of the Century”. He mentored many famous chefs, including Gordon Ramsay, Eric Ripert, and Michael Caines. In 1995, seeing many of his peers die of stress and heart attacks, Robuchon retired at the age of 50. He subsequently staged a comeback, opening several restaurants bearing his name around the world. He hosted \"\"Cuisinez comme un grand chef\"\" on TF1 from 1996 to 1999; in 2000, he hosted \"\"Bon appétit bien", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5423065", "chunk_text": "\"Ma Gastronomie\"\nMa Gastronomie Ma Gastronomie is a modern French cuisine cookbook created from the notes of legendary French chef, Fernand Point. It was first published in French in 1969, 200 recipes are included based on Fernand Point notes and handwritten recipes. The book has detailed sections on Fernand Point, La Pyramide (the restaurant), his cuisine, wines, spirit etc. The first English edition of the book was published in 1974. In its second English edition published in 2008 by Rookery publishers, the foreword is done by the noted American chief of The French Laundry restaurant, Thomas Keller. He has cited Point's work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5423063", "chunk_text": "\"Ma Gastronomie\"\nMa Gastronomie Ma Gastronomie is a modern French cuisine cookbook created from the notes of legendary French chef, Fernand Point. It was first published in French in 1969, 200 recipes are included based on Fernand Point notes and handwritten recipes. The book has detailed sections on Fernand Point, La Pyramide (the restaurant), his cuisine, wines, spirit etc. The first English edition of the book was published in 1974. In its second English edition published in 2008 by Rookery publishers, the foreword is done by the noted American chief of The French Laundry restaurant, Thomas Keller. He has cited Point's work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12280605", "chunk_text": "\"The French Chef\"\nThe French Chef The French Chef is a television cooking show created and hosted by Julia Child, produced and broadcast by WGBH, the public television station in Boston, Massachusetts, from February 2, 1963 to January 14, 1973. It was one of the first cooking shows on American television. The show grew out of a special presentation Child gave on WGBH based on the book \"\"Mastering the Art of French Cooking\"\" which she co-authored. \"\"The French Chef\"\" was produced from 1963 to 1973 by WGBH for National Educational Television (and later for PBS). Reruns continued on PBS until 1989, and were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17229647", "chunk_text": "\"Fernand Point\"\nFernand Point Fernand Point (25 February 1897 – 4 March 1955) was a French chef and restaurateur and is considered to be the father of modern French cuisine. He founded the restaurant La Pyramide in Vienne near Lyon. He was born in Louhans, Saône-et-Loire, France. Both his parents were accomplished cordon bleu chefs and ran a buffet. He started cooking when he was ten and worked at some of the best restaurants of the time. He had received his training with Foyot in Paris, the Bristol Hotel, Paris, the Majestic in Cannes, and the Royal Hotel in Évian-les-Bains. In 1922,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8864850", "chunk_text": "\"Pierre Franey\"\nPierre Franey Pierre Franey (January 13, 1921 – October 15, 1996) was a French chef, best known for his televised cooking shows and his \"\"60 Minute Gourmet\"\" column in \"\"The New York Times\"\". Franey grew up in northern Burgundy, France. As a young man, he was in the United States at the outbreak of World War II, cooking in the French Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair, and remained in New York rather than returning to Occupied France. He turned down an offer to become the cook for Douglas MacArthur. Franey served as a machine gunner in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18411001", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Constant\"\nChristian Constant Christian Constant (born 18 May 1950) is a French chef and entrepreneur. Christian Constant was born in Montauban, Tarn-et-Garonne in the region of Midi-Pyrénées. He began his career as a chef in 1988 at the Hôtel Crillon in Paris. Afterwards he was appointed chef at the Hôtel Ritz. In 1996 he founded his first restaurant \"\"Le Violon d'Ingres\"\" which received one Michelin star. Today he owns six restaurants, each with its own style and chef : \"\"Le Violon d'Ingres\"\", \"\"Le Café Constant\"\", \"\"Les Cocottes Tour Eiffel, Les Cocottes Arc-de-Triomphe\"\", restaurants offering traditional recipes cooked in Staub Dutch ovens.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2764310", "chunk_text": "\"Michel Guérard\"\nMichel Guérard Michel Guérard (born 27 March 1933 in Vétheuil, Val-d'Oise) is a French chef, author, one of the founders of \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\", and the inventor of \"\"cuisine minceur\"\". Guérard served his apprenticeship at the patisserie of Kleber Alix, in Mantes-La-Jolie. He worked at a number of Parisian restaurants, including \"\"Maxim's\"\", and in 1958 won the Meilleur Ouvrier de France Patisserie, while working as a pastry chef at the \"\"Hôtel de Crillon\"\". He also worked at \"\"Le Lido\"\". In 1965 Guérard opened a restaurant in Paris called \"\"Le Pot-au-Feu\"\", which in 1967 earned Guérard his first star in the Michelin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14374250", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Favre\"\nby his wife. Along with Antonin Carême (1784–1833) and Auguste Escoffier (1846–1935), who admired him, Favre is one of the most famous names in French gastronomy. Joseph Favre Joseph Favre (; 17 February 1849 – 17 February 1903) was a Swiss chef who was known for his four-volume \"\"Dictionnaire universel de cuisine pratique\"\". As a young man, he fought with Garibaldi, became an anarchist, and then adopted a more moderate socialism. He founded a magazine for chefs, sponsored cooking competitions, and launched a chefs' trade union. He was one of the great chefs of the period. Joseph Favre was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15703130", "chunk_text": "\"Marie-Antoine Carême\"\nMarie-Antoine Carême Marie Antoine (Antonin) Carême (; 8 June 178412 January 1833) was a French chef and an early practitioner and exponent of the elaborate style of cooking known as \"\"grande cuisine\"\", the \"\"high art\"\" of French cooking: a grandiose style of cookery favoured by both international royalty and by the newly rich of Paris. Carême is often considered one of the first internationally renowned celebrity chefs. Abandoned by his parents in Paris in 1794 at the height of the French Revolution, he worked as a kitchen boy at a cheap Parisian chophouse in exchange for room and board. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12327109", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Millau\"\nChristian Millau Christian Dubois-Millot, pen name Christian Millau (30 December 1928 – 5 August 2017), was a French food critic and author. Born in Paris, he began his career as a journalist in the \"\"interior policy\"\" department of \"\"Le Monde\"\" newspaper. In 1965 he founded the Gault Millau restaurant guide \"\"Le Nouveau Guide\"\" with Henri Gault and André Gayot. He launched the famed Gault & Millau guide in 1969 with Henri Gault, which helped galvanise the movement of young French chefs developing lighter, more inventive and beautiful looking dishes. Some 100,000 copies of the guide were sold that year. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20470889", "chunk_text": "\"Jean-François Piège\"\nJean-François Piège Jean-François Piège (born 25 September 1970) is a French chef, two stars at the Guide Michelin. In 1991, he started working as a chef assistant for ten months at the Palais de l'Élysée during his military service. He worked notably with Bernard Vaussion, sous-chef at that time. After having worked with famous other chefs for several years (Bruno Cirino, Yves Camdeborde, Christian Constant, Alain Ducasse), he became the chef of the restaurant \"\"Les Ambassadeurs\"\" at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris, not hesitating on mixing the codes of the palace with popular cuisine. In 2009, he started a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8864851", "chunk_text": "\"Pierre Franey\"\nU.S. Army. After the war, Henri Soulé, who ran the French Pavilion's kitchen, re-opened Le Pavillon in New York City, and Franey became executive chef in 1952. Franey, along with Jacques Pépin, then an aspiring young cook on the staff of Le Pavillon, was hired in 1960 by the hotel and restaurant entrepreneur Howard Johnson, Sr., (a regular client at Le Pavillon) to revamp some of the Howard Johnson's restaurant chain’s recipes. The nine to five, week-day job allowed Pierre to spend more time with his family and collaborate with New York Times food writer Craig Claiborne on weekends, often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15323116", "chunk_text": "\"Madeleine Kamman\"\nMadeleine Kamman Madeleine Kamman (1931 – 16 July 2018) was a French chef and restaurateur, cookery teacher and author of seven cookbooks, who spent most of her working life in America bringing the rigors of French technique to American ingredients and audiences. Kamman was recognized by food luminaries such as James Beard for her discerning palette and knowledge of the history, culture and science of food, as well as her passion for celebrating the food cooked by women in the home as much as the masters of \"\"haute cuisine\"\"\"\".\"\" She has been celebrated as a leader of what she called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6700474", "chunk_text": "\"Thierry Marx\"\nThierry Marx Thierry Marx (born 11 September 1962) is a French chef, specialised in molecular gastronomy. Thierry Marx was born and raised in Paris in the area of Ménilmontant. His grandfather, Marcel Marx, was a Polish Jewish refugee and resistant communist during World War II. Thierry Marx thought of becoming a baker, but later joined the Compagnons du Devoir in 1978 and graduated with a degree (CAP) of pastry chef, chocolatier and ice cream parlor. At age 18, he joined the army as a paratrooper in the marines. He then became a casque bleu in 1980 during the Lebanese Civil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4973409", "chunk_text": "\"Jacques Pépin\"\nAthénée. From 1956 to 1958, during his military service, Pépin was the personal chef to three French heads of state, including Charles de Gaulle. In 1959, Pépin came to the United States to work at the restaurant Le Pavillon. Soon after his arrival, Craig Claiborne, food editor at the \"\"New York Times\"\", introduced Pépin to Helen McCully, who took him under her wing. McCully introduced him to Julia Child sparking their long friendship and collaboration. Eight months later, in 1961, Howard Johnson, a regular Le Pavillon customer, hired Pépin to work alongside fellow Frenchman Pierre Franey to develop food lines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16164282", "chunk_text": "\"Alain Chapel\"\nAlain Chapel Alain Chapel (30 December 1937 – 10 July 1990) was a French Michelin 3 starred chef, credited with being one of the originators of Nouvelle Cuisine. Chapel was born in Lyon, the son of Maître d' Charles and his wife Eva. At the outbreak of World War II, the family moved to the village of Mionnay 12 miles outside the city, where his father opened a bistro called \"\"La Mere Charles\"\" in an old coaching inn surrounded by lush gardens. There Alain Chapel received his first training. Alain Chapel eventually returned to the family bistro which was then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4881988", "chunk_text": "\"Roger Vergé\"\nRoger Vergé Roger Vergé (7 April 1930 – 5 June 2015) was a French chef and restaurateur. He is considered one of the greatest chefs of his time. The Gault Millau described him as \"\"the very incarnation of the great French chef for foreigners\"\". Roger Vergé was born 7 April 1930 in Commentry, which is a commune in the department of Allier in central France. His father was a blacksmith. He said he was inspired to learn cooking from his aunt Célestine, to whom he dedicated many of his books. He began work under Alexis Chanier at restaurant \"\"Le Bourbonnais\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15675055", "chunk_text": "\"French cuisine\"\ncontrôlée\"\" (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws. French cuisine was made important in the 20th century by Auguste Escoffier to become the modern haute cuisine; Escoffier, however, left out much of the local culinary character to be found in the regions of France and was considered difficult to execute by home cooks. Gastro-tourism and the \"\"Guide Michelin\"\" helped to acquaint people with the rich bourgeois and peasant cuisine of the French countryside starting in the 20th century. Gascon cuisine has also had great influence over the cuisine in the southwest of France. Many dishes that were once regional have proliferated in variations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12438509", "chunk_text": "\"Albert Roux\"\nSir Charles Clore. He was then called up by the French Armed Forces to serve his military service in Algeria, where he cooked on occasion for the officer's mess. Once he left the military, he worked as a sous chef at the British Embassy in Paris, before returning to the UK to become private chef to Major Peter Cazalet where he worked for eight years. In 1967 he and his younger brother Michel opened Le Gavroche, on Lower Sloane Street in London. It became the first restaurant in Britain to win a Michelin star, the first to win two, and,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14986693", "chunk_text": "\"Auguste Escoffier\"\nCarême), Escoffier was France's preeminent chef in the early part of the 20th century. Alongside the recipes he recorded and invented, another of Escoffier's contributions to cooking was to elevate it to the status of a respected profession by introducing organized discipline to his guests. Escoffier published \"\"Le Guide Culinaire\"\", which is still used as a major reference work, both in the form of a cookbook and a textbook on cooking. Escoffier's recipes, techniques and approaches to kitchen management remain highly influential today, and have been adopted by chefs and restaurants not only in France, but also throughout the world.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16235719", "chunk_text": "\"Michel Roth\"\nMichel Roth Michel Roth (born November 7, 1959) is a French chef, two stars at the Guide Michelin. He has also received famous titles like the Bocuse d'Or and Meilleur Ouvrier de France, both in 1991. Michel Roth began his training course at the \"\"Auberge de la Charrue d'Or\"\" in Sarreguemines, following at the \"\"Auberge de L'Ill\"\" in Illhaeusern and at \"\"Le Crocodile\"\" in Strasbourg, and at the restaurant Ledoyen in Paris. In 1981, he was hired as a chef assistant at the Hôtel Ritz Paris located at place Vendôme. In 1992, he became the chef of the restaurant \"\"L'Espadon\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3102275", "chunk_text": "\"Francis Cardenau\"\nFrancis Cardenau Francis Cardenau (born 1957) is a Denmark-based French chef and restaurateur. He achieved two Michelin stars with as head chef at restaurant Kommandanten in Copenhagen and was a co-founder of the restaurant chain MASH. Cardenau was born and raised in Toulouse. He was educated as a chef north of Paris. He moved to Copenhagen in the 1990s where he achieved two stars in the Guide Michelin in 1997. In 1997, together with Jesper Boelsskifte and Erik Gemal, he founded Le Sommelier and left Kommandanten in 1999 to work full-time as head chef at the restaurant. In May 2005,Cardenau,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9408218", "chunk_text": "\"Les Chefs de France\"\nhave ever produced) was brought around by a handler to appear at diners' tables, which was especially apt given that one of the establishment's founders, Gaston Lenôtre, is widely believed to have been part of the inspiration for Auguste Gusteau in the film. Les Chefs de France Les Chefs de France is one of two restaurants in the France Pavilion at Epcot's World Showcase at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, United States. The dining venue was opened by French gastronomic legends Roger Vergé (1930–2015), Gaston Lenôtre (1920–2009) and Paul Bocuse (1926-2018) It opened at Epcot's inception in 1982 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10145011", "chunk_text": "\"Haute Cuisine (film)\"\nHaute Cuisine (film) Haute Cuisine is a 2012 French comedy-drama film based on the true story of Danièle Mazet-Delpeuch and how she was appointed as the private chef for François Mitterrand. The original French title is Les Saveurs du Palais. Hortense Laborie (Catherine Frot), a renowned chef from Périgord, is astonished when the President of the Republic (Jean d'Ormesson) appoints her his personal cook, responsible for creating all his meals at the Élysée Palace. Despite jealous resentment from the other kitchen staff, Hortense quickly establishes herself, thanks to her indomitable spirit. The authenticity of her cooking soon seduces the President,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11052934", "chunk_text": "\"French cuisine\"\nharvests occurred. Marie-Antoine Carême was born in 1784, five years before the Revolution. He spent his younger years working at a \"\"pâtisserie\"\" until he was discovered by Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, who would later cook for Napoleon Bonaparte. Prior to his employment with Talleyrand, Carême had become known for his \"\"pièces montées\"\", which were extravagant constructions of pastry and sugar architecture. More important to Carême's career was his contribution to the refinement of French cuisine. The basis for his style of cooking was his sauces, which he named mother sauces. Often referred to as fonds, meaning \"\"foundations\"\", these base sauces,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15874028", "chunk_text": "\"Jean Michel Diot\"\nJean Michel Diot Jean-Michel Diot (Born May 2, 1959 in Cusset, France) is a French chef and restaurateur at Tapenade Restaurant. Chef Diot has received high recognition such as Best Chef in America and America's Finest Restaurant while holding his first French bistro creation in America, Park Bistro, and has received recognition as the Exemplary Achievement in the Culinary Art by Gault Millau. While he was raised in France surrounded by culinary masters, Jean Michel began his official career in Vienne (France) in 1975 moving to New York City in 1987. He has owned and operated several restaurants located in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17962572", "chunk_text": "\"Louisette Bertholle\"\nLouisette Bertholle Louisette Bertholle (26 October 1905 – 26 November 1999) was a French chef and author, best known as one of the three authors (with Julia Child and Simone Beck) of the bestselling cookbook \"\"Mastering the Art of French Cooking\"\". She was born Louisette Remion on October 26, 1905. Sometime after 1928, she married Paul Bertholle, a businessman. After World War II, Louisette Bertholle, who had the idea of writing a French cookbook for American cooks, met Simone Beck via the \"\"Le Cercle des Gourmettes\"\" culinary club and the two began to develop the concept further, collecting recipes and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241936", "chunk_text": "\"The Restaurant Marco Pierre White\"\na team of about 20 at The Restaurant. Five of the chefs moved from Harveys to The Restaurant with him,along with a former Harveys chef and several others who joined from other Michelin starred restaurants from the UK and France. This enabled White to adopt a structure with himself, a head chef, a team of four or five sous chefs and teams on fish, meat/sauce, larder and pastry. Each of those sections was then broken down into a chef de partie heading the team, and then commis chefs under them. By 1994, Éric Chavot had joined the brigade as head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14357163", "chunk_text": "\"Christophe Aribert\"\nthe Hôtel de Crillon in 1996–97 alongside Christian Constant. In 1997, he returned to the restaurant Les Terrasses in Uriage, the restaurant of the Grand Hotel, once frequented by Coco Chanel, Sacha Guitry and Maurice Chevalier, Stendhal, Alphonse Daudet... In 2004, chef Philippe Buissou left Uriage. Christophe Aribert takes over and keep the two stars. In November 2007, he published \"\"La Brigade Christophe Aribert\"\" by Glénat, a cookbook showcasing his brigade, with the help of Pierre-François Couderc for the photos, Pierrick Jégu for the texts and Georges Riu for the illustrations. 46 recipes are presented and illustrated by numerous photographs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19823090", "chunk_text": "\"Jacky Robert\"\nJacky Robert Jacky Robert (born 13 September 1950) is a French-born American chef who helped to create fusion cuisine in the 1980s. He is the cofounder, with Martha Castano, of the non-profit OnBoardForKids.Org Born in Granville, Manche, France, Robert began to cook at age 15. After apprenticing at Les Gourmets in Granville, he moved to Paris, where he then worked at Prunier Traktir and at three star Michelin rated Maxim's Paris, rue Royale, working with Wolfgang Puck. Robert staged at Moulin de Mougins, Roger Vergé's three star Michelin restaurant and at the Hotel Negresco in Nice, France with Jacques Maximin.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8615473", "chunk_text": "\"Haute cuisine\"\ncuisine\"\" had been used in the past, the modern usage can be attributed to authors André Gayot, Henri Gault, and Christian Millau, who used \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\" to describe the cooking of Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Jean and Pierre Troisgros, Michel Guérard, Roger Vergé and Raymond Oliver, many of whom were once students of Fernand Point. In general, \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\" puts an emphasis on natural flavours, so the freshest possible ingredients are used, preparation is simplified, heavy sauces are less common, as are strong marinades for meat, and cooking times are often reduced. \"\"Nouvelle cuisine\"\" was a movement towards conceptualism and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2224725", "chunk_text": "\"Guy Martin (chef)\"\nmeal of the annexation of Savoie to France, held at the Château of the dukes of Savoie in Chambéry and cooked for the former French President Nicolas Sarkozy himself. Since 2011, he has hosted the television program \"\"Épicerie fine\"\", for two seasons of 35 episodes, in which he travels to discover the origin of the various foods and gives tips to prepare them. The program is broadcast on TV5 Monde, Cuisine TV and Voyage et Campagnes TV. Guy Martin (chef) Guy Martin (born 3 February 1957) is a French chef, who earned three stars from the Guide Michelin. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20617045", "chunk_text": "\"Alain Senderens\"\nAlain Senderens Alain Senderens (2 December 1939 – 25 June 2017) was a leading French chef and practitioner of \"\"Nouvelle Cuisine\"\". \"\"Le Figaro\"\" credited him as the inventor of food and wine pairings. Senderens was born in Hyères, Var, France and completed secondary school in Labatut-Rivière. Before moving to Paris, he apprenticed at the Ambassador Hotel in Lourdes. In Paris, Senderens worked at well-known restaurants La Tour d'Argent and Lucas Carton, which he would later own. He later became the sous-chef at a Hilton restaurant near Orly Airport. In 1968, Alain Senderens opened L'Archestrate in Paris, which he operated until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "711226", "chunk_text": "\"Nouvelle cuisine\"\nNouvelle cuisine Nouvelle cuisine (French, \"\"new cuisine\"\") is an approach to cooking and food presentation in French cuisine. In contrast to cuisine classique, an older form of haute cuisine, nouvelle cuisine is characterized by lighter, more delicate dishes and an increased emphasis on presentation. It was popularized in the 1960s by the food critics Henri Gault, who invented the phrase, and his colleagues André Gayot and Christian Millau in a new restaurant guide, the Gault-Millau, or \"\"Le Nouveau Guide\"\". The term \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\" has been used several times in the history of French cuisine, to mark a clean break with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20785233", "chunk_text": "\"Claude Lebey\"\n93. Upon his death, chef Yannick Alléno called him \"\"a visionary\"\". Claude Lebey Claude Lebey (20 November 1923 – 10 January 2017) was a French food critic and the author of \"\"Guide Lebey\"\". Claude Lebey was born on 20 November 1923. Lebey began his career in the textile industry, where he became a chief executive. He later became a culinary critic for \"\"L'Express\"\", followed by Gault Millau. He was also the editor of cookbooks. For example, he edited Michel Guérard's cookbook. In 1987, he began publishing the annual \"\"Guide Lebey des Restaurants de Paris\"\" and the \"\"Lebey des Bistrots de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9828973", "chunk_text": "\"Émile Bernard (chef)\"\nÉmile Bernard (chef) Emile Bernard (5 April 1826 – 31 August 1897) was a French chef best known as the author of a series of recipe books, \"\"La Cuisine Classique\"\", which became classics of French cuisine. Bernard was the son of Laurent Bernard, a butcher, and grandson of Pierre Bernard, a restaurant owner. His mother’s family traded faience. He trained as a chef by working in the kitchen of Vivian Jacquinot’s restaurant in Lons-le-Saunier. He then moved to Turin to work in the kitchen of his uncle, before serving as a kitchen aid in a renowned hotel in Genoa, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "314310", "chunk_text": "\"Alain Chapel\"\nChapel died of a stroke in 1990, leaving his wife Suzanne, and two sons, David and Romain. Under chef Philippe Jousse, and then Chapel's son Romain, the restaurant maintained two Michelin stars until closing in 2012. He is buried in Croix-Rousse cemetery in Lyon. Alain Chapel Alain Chapel (30 December 1937 – 10 July 1990) was a French Michelin 3 starred chef, credited with being one of the originators of Nouvelle Cuisine. Chapel was born in Lyon, the son of Maître d' Charles and his wife Eva. At the outbreak of World War II, the family moved to the village", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2737769", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Bocuse\"\nPaul Bocuse Paul Bocuse (; 11 February 1926 – 20 January 2018) was a French chef based in Lyon who was known for the high quality of his restaurants and his innovative approaches to cuisine. A student of Eugénie Brazier, he was one of the most prominent chefs associated with the \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\", which is less opulent and calorific than the traditional \"\"cuisine classique\"\", and stresses the importance of fresh ingredients of the highest quality. Paul Bocuse claimed that Henri Gault first used the term, \"\"nouvelle cuisine\"\", to describe food prepared by Bocuse and other top chefs for the maiden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_173	who sings stop listen what's that sound?	n/a	[ "Buffalo Springfield" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15277981", "chunk_text": "\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\nStop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart) \"\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\" is a soul song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed that was originally recorded by the Philadelphia soul group the Stylistics. An R&B ballad, it was the first track from their 1971 debut self-titled album and was released as a single in 1971 and reached #39 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. In addition, it also climbed to #6 in the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart. Around the same time, Motown wanted their most successful label mates Gaye and Ross to record a duet album. Among the songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998939", "chunk_text": "\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\"\nStop, Listen, Look & Think \"\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\"\" is a song by the American girl group Exposé. It was written and produced by the group's founder, Lewis Martineé, and can be found on their 1989 second album, \"\"What You Don't Know\"\". It was the first single released by Exposé to feature Ann Curless on lead vocals. The song was also included on the soundtrack to the Lambada-themed film \"\"The Forbidden Dance\"\", which was released in the U.S. in March 1990. Allmusic states that \"\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\"\" is one of the best tracks on \"\"What You Don't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3191406", "chunk_text": "\"What's That Sound?\"\nWhat's That Sound? What's That Sound? is the third studio album by American music artist Haley Reinhart, released on September 22, 2017 by Concord Records, and produced by Reinhart and John Burk. An homage to music from the late 1960s, it features fourteen tracks on the standard release, with two bonus tracks on the Target exclusive edition. Lead single \"\"Baby It's You\"\" was released June 16, 2017, followed by \"\"For What It's Worth\"\" on August 11, 2017 and \"\"Let's Start\"\" on September 15, 2017. \"\"The Letter\"\" was also released on July 13, 2017 as a promotional single. The album debuted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12998940", "chunk_text": "\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\"\nKnow\"\" and describes it as \"\"a subtler uptempo number with an understated yet memorable lead by\"\" Curless. The single for \"\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\"\" was remixed and issued as a promotional 12\"\" single to nightclubs in the U.S. The song peaked at #19 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play chart in December 1990, the group's seventh entry on this survey. Stop, Listen, Look & Think \"\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\"\" is a song by the American girl group Exposé. It was written and produced by the group's founder, Lewis Martineé, and can be found on their 1989 second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8405446", "chunk_text": "\"What's That Sound?\"\n\"\"people coming together through love and music\"\" and hopes that the album will help listeners \"\"become more aware and more in tune with each other.\"\" \"\"What's That Sound?\"\" debuted at 67 on Billboard's Top Album Sales chart, for the week dated October 14, 2017. In support of the album, Reinhart embarked on an 18-show headlining fall tour throughout the US, commencing October 22, 2017 and concluding November 18, 2017. All songs and credits adapted from: Album credits adapted from: What's That Sound? What's That Sound? is the third studio album by American music artist Haley Reinhart, released on September 22,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5055265", "chunk_text": "\"Listen (Beyoncé song)\"\nListen (Beyoncé song) \"\"Listen\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé. The song was written by Beyoncé, Henry Krieger, Scott Cutler, and Anne Preven, and produced by The Underdogs, Matt Sullivan and Randy Spendlove for the 2006 musical film \"\"Dreamgirls\"\", in which Beyoncé's character Deena Jones sings the song in an expression of independence from her controlling husband. Columbia Records released \"\"Listen\"\" as the lead single from the \"\"\"\" soundtrack album on December 5, 2006. It additionally appeared as a hidden track on international editions, and on the deluxe edition of Beyoncé's second solo studio album, \"\"B'Day\"\". The Spanish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6312649", "chunk_text": "\"Here Comes That Sound Again\"\nHere Comes That Sound Again Here Comes That Sound Again is a 1979 disco single by Love De-Luxe, a dance studio group formed by British producer, Alan Hawkshaw. Vicki Brown and Jo-Ann Stone were the lead vocalists on the single. The single hit number one on the dance charts in the middle of 1979, for one week. The single did not cross over to any other chart and Love De-Luxe had no other charted singles in the United States. However, elements from the song were used for the intro to the Sugarhill Gang's hit single \"\"Rapper's Delight\"\". The song’s chorus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2220371", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to the Sound\"\nListen to the Sound Listen to the Sound is the seventh studio album by Christian rock band, Building 429 and their fifth with a major label. It was released May 10, 2011 through Provident Music Group. The song \"\"Listen to the Sound\"\" was written according to the lead singer Jason Roy because \"\"the idea behind the title track for the record is looking at the noisy world we live in and thinking about how much noise we're adding to it...my barometer is myself and I talk so much that I rarely take time to hear the sound of God's voice!", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18786524", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to the Sound\"\nBaseball outfielder David Murphy used \"\"Where I Belong\"\" as his walk-up music. Listen to the Sound Listen to the Sound is the seventh studio album by Christian rock band, Building 429 and their fifth with a major label. It was released May 10, 2011 through Provident Music Group. The song \"\"Listen to the Sound\"\" was written according to the lead singer Jason Roy because \"\"the idea behind the title track for the record is looking at the noisy world we live in and thinking about how much noise we're adding to it...my barometer is myself and I talk so much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11292839", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to the Music\"\nListen to the Music \"\"Listen to the Music\"\" is a song recorded by the Doobie Brothers on their second album \"\"Toulouse Street\"\". This song was the Doobie Brothers' first big hit in 1972. It was written by Tom Johnston. Writer Tom Johnston described the motivation for the song as a call for world peace: \"\"The chord structure of it made me think of something positive, so the lyrics that came out of that were based on this utopian idea that if the leaders of the world got together on some grassy hill somewhere and either smoked enough dope or just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7555947", "chunk_text": "\"For What It's Worth\"\n\"\"What's That Sound?\"\" For What It's Worth \"\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\"\" (often referred to as simply \"\"For What It's Worth\"\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, \"\"Buffalo Springfield\"\". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15277982", "chunk_text": "\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\nthey released, their version of \"\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\" was recorded in separate studios, and was released as a UK only single from their duet album, \"\"Diana & Marvin\"\", in 1974. The song became a hit in the UK reaching #25 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2001, the Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross duet version was used as part of the movie soundtrack for \"\"Bridget Jones's Diary\"\". Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart) \"\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\" is a soul song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed that was originally recorded by the Philadelphia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11377754", "chunk_text": "\"The Shag\"\nThe Shag The Shag (originally known as The Shags and later simply as Shag) were an American garage and psychedelic rock band in the 1960s, best known for their 1967 single \"\"Stop and Listen\"\". They were one of numerous bands at the time using the name \"\"The Shags\"\". The Shags were formed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1964 by Paul \"\"Green\"\" Greenwald (drums, flute, congas, vocals), John Sahli (guitar, harmonica, vocals), Mike Lamers (guitar, congas, autoharp, percussion, vocals), and Don Luther (bass guitar, percussion, vocals). At first, they played folk and blues music, soon influenced by bands such as The Rolling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17327771", "chunk_text": "\"Reminisce (song)\"\nswing song inspired by 1970s soul music. \"\"The Observer\"\" noted that the song \"\"hinted at the loss and melancholy behind much of hip hop's aggression\"\". Credits adapted from the \"\"What's the 411?\"\" liner notes. Reminisce (song) \"\"Reminisce\"\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige from her debut album, \"\"What's the 411?\"\". The song was co-written by Kenny Greene and Dave \"\"Jam\"\" Hall, the song's producer. The song contains a sample of \"\"Stop, Look, Listen\"\" by American rapper MC Lyte. It peaked at number fifty-seven on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number six on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11377758", "chunk_text": "\"The Shag\"\nin the Mid-Sixties, Volume 10\"\". An album of the band's 1969 recordings, \"\"Shag\"\", was released on Gear Fab records in 2005. The Shag The Shag (originally known as The Shags and later simply as Shag) were an American garage and psychedelic rock band in the 1960s, best known for their 1967 single \"\"Stop and Listen\"\". They were one of numerous bands at the time using the name \"\"The Shags\"\". The Shags were formed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1964 by Paul \"\"Green\"\" Greenwald (drums, flute, congas, vocals), John Sahli (guitar, harmonica, vocals), Mike Lamers (guitar, congas, autoharp, percussion, vocals), and Don", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9312331", "chunk_text": "\"Stop! Look! Listen!\"\nStop! Look! Listen! Stop! Look! Listen! is a musical revue in three acts with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and book by Harry B. Smith. The piece had additional music by Henry Kailimai and Jack Alau and additional lyrics by G. H. Stover and Sylvester Kalama. \"\"Stop! Look! Listen!\"\" opened on Broadway at the Globe Theatre on Christmas Day, 1915, and ran for 105 performances. The revue was produced by Charles Dillingham and directed by R.H. Burnside. The music director was Robert Hood Bowers, and Robert McQuinn designed the sets and costumes. Each song introduces a stunt. \"\"Green Book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17070926", "chunk_text": "\"Reminisce (song)\"\nReminisce (song) \"\"Reminisce\"\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige from her debut album, \"\"What's the 411?\"\". The song was co-written by Kenny Greene and Dave \"\"Jam\"\" Hall, the song's producer. The song contains a sample of \"\"Stop, Look, Listen\"\" by American rapper MC Lyte. It peaked at number fifty-seven on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number six on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A more uptempo and hip hop-inspired remix of the song, featuring duo Pete Rock & CL Smooth, later appeared on Blige's 1993 remix album of the same name. \"\"Reminisce\"\" is a new jack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2163087", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to Your Heart (Roxette song)\"\nListen to Your Heart (Roxette song) \"\"Listen to Your Heart\"\" is a song by Swedish pop music duo Roxette, which was originally released in Sweden in September 1988 as the second single from the duo's second studio album, \"\"Look Sharp!\"\" (1988). It was written by Per Gessle with former Gyllene Tider guitarist Mats \"\"M.P.\"\" Persson. The song went on to become one of the most successful singles of 1989, reaching number one in both the United States and Canada. The track was the first song to reach number one in the US without a commercially-released 7\"\" single. \"\"Listen to Your", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2082634", "chunk_text": "\"Look Hear?\"\nLook Hear? Look Hear? is the seventh studio album by 10cc, released in 1980. It reached No. 35 in the UK and No. 180 in the United States. The album, recorded at the band's Strawberry Studios South in Dorking, Surrey, was the first by 10cc since its 1976 split to include songs written by neither Graham Gouldman or Eric Stewart. The cover art, created by Hipgnosis, underwent significant alteration for the album's U.S. release: the prominent display of the words \"\"Are you normal\"\" was replaced by a photo of a sheep relaxing on a beach, a similar image of which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14846408", "chunk_text": "\"For What It's Worth\"\nFor What It's Worth \"\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\"\" (often referred to as simply \"\"For What It's Worth\"\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, \"\"Buffalo Springfield\"\". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written. Although \"\"For What", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6312650", "chunk_text": "\"Here Comes That Sound Again\"\nwould later be sampled in another Billboard Dance Club Songs number one single, “That Sound” by Pump Friction, in 1997. Here Comes That Sound Again Here Comes That Sound Again is a 1979 disco single by Love De-Luxe, a dance studio group formed by British producer, Alan Hawkshaw. Vicki Brown and Jo-Ann Stone were the lead vocalists on the single. The single hit number one on the dance charts in the middle of 1979, for one week. The single did not cross over to any other chart and Love De-Luxe had no other charted singles in the United States. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9312337", "chunk_text": "\"Stop! Look! Listen!\"\nsong called \"\"The Hula Hula,\"\" beggar description. Altogether, here is a quick and diverting entertainment, none the less sure of success because its words and music are not 'way above par. At the Globe you must stop and look, but it isn't at all important that you listen! Stop! Look! Listen! Stop! Look! Listen! is a musical revue in three acts with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and book by Harry B. Smith. The piece had additional music by Henry Kailimai and Jack Alau and additional lyrics by G. H. Stover and Sylvester Kalama. \"\"Stop! Look! Listen!\"\" opened on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9296484", "chunk_text": "\"Stop! (Sam Brown song)\"\nStop! (Sam Brown song) \"\"Stop!\"\" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Sam Brown, written by Brown, Gregg Sutton, and Bruce Brody. It appears on her debut album of the same name. \"\"Stop!\"\" only reached number 42 in the UK charts when it was first released. The follow-up single from the same album \"\"This Feeling\"\", faired even worse peaking at 91. However, \"\"Stop!\"\" was re-released in 1989 and reached number 4, becoming Brown's biggest hit to date, and spending 12 weeks on charts. It was also subsequently a hit in eleven other countries and was responsible for bringing Brown to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19069590", "chunk_text": "\"The Sound (John M. Perkins' Blues)\"\nThe Sound (John M. Perkins' Blues) \"\"The Sound (John M. Perkins' Blues)\"\" is a song written and recorded by Jon Foreman and Tim Foreman for the alternative rock band Switchfoot. It is a track from the band's seventh studio album, \"\"Hello Hurricane\"\", and was released as a digital single on October 27, 2009 to all major digital outlets. It was serviced to alternative rock radio on April 27, 2010, becoming their second Top 15 hit from the album, and the band's first Top 10 single since \"\"Dare You to Move.\"\" \"\"The Sound\"\" is a song that references John M. Perkins,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4509181", "chunk_text": "\"The Tamrons\"\nThe Tamrons The Tamrons were an American garage rock band from Concord, North Carolina, near Charlotte who were active in the 1960s. They became one of the most popular bands in Concord and the Charlotte area during the mid-1960s and enjoyed a regional hit with their single, \"\"Wild Man\"\" b/w \"\"Stop, Look, Listen\"\" recorded at Arthur Smith's studio in Charlotte and released on his Pyramid label. They broke up in 1968. In the intervening years their work has become highly regarded by garage rock enthusiasts and has appeared on several compilations. The Tamrons were formed by several students who attended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9413694", "chunk_text": "\"Stop the Dominoes\"\nStop the Dominoes Stop the Dominoes is an album by Mark Heard, released in 1981 on Home Sweet Home Records. All songs written by Mark Heard. \"\"Special thanks to Jonathan, Tammy and Nathan for tacos and locos, to Larry and Randy for awesome rockolla, to Bill and Marsha for homestead and avocado fans, to Chris and Shanon for talking Southern, to Leo Fender for Stratification, to David and Christy for Monday nights, to Dave for A and B bath, stop and hypo.\"\" \"\"Love to the Circle of Cynics. to Jean-Daniel und Hansruedi in Zürich, to Freddie in London, to John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12934670", "chunk_text": "\"Definition of Sound\"\nDefinition of Sound Definition of Sound was a London-based dance-music group, consisting of Kevin Clark and Don Weekes, working with musicians Rex Brough (aka The Red King) and later Mike Spencer. Their second and fourth singles, \"\"Wear Your Love Like Heaven\"\" (1991) and \"\"Moira Jane's Café\"\" (1992) were in the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart. The group also had several songs enter the U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, including \"\"Moira Jane's Café\"\", which hit No. 1 in 1992. Clark and Weekes first recorded together in 1988, using the name Top Billin. They released two songs, \"\"Naturally\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17310228", "chunk_text": "\"Stop Stop Stop\"\nStop Stop Stop \"\"Stop Stop Stop\"\" is a song by British pop group The Hollies that was written by group members Allan Clarke, Tony Hicks, and Graham Nash, and was a rewrite of an earlier song by the group. It was first released as a single and later appeared on the album \"\"For Certain Because\"\" in the United Kingdom. The song was released as a single by the Parlophone label in October 1966 and was released around the same time in the United States by Imperial Records. It was the last single that The Hollies released that year (see 1966", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5055292", "chunk_text": "\"Listen (Beyoncé song)\"\nrunner-up Jessica Sanchez sang \"\"Listen\"\" on March 16, 2014 during Solaire Resort & Casino's first anniversary concert. Krisia Todorova covered it in the first song of her audition. Mia Negovetić (Croatia) covered it in the first song on \"\"Zvjezdice\"\" vocal contest and in the Little Big Shots airing on NBC TV in March, 2016. In April 2016, Shalyah Fearing, a contestant of The Voice sang \"\"Listen\"\" in her First Live Play-offs. Listen (Beyoncé song) \"\"Listen\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé. The song was written by Beyoncé, Henry Krieger, Scott Cutler, and Anne Preven, and produced by The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "307638", "chunk_text": "\"Listen Up! (Gossip song)\"\n(billed as the radio version) a transgender woman and a transgender man walk around Portland, Oregon, cruising during the day, then later in the evening at a club the two stare at each other from across the dance floor and they start dancing together. Listen Up! (Gossip song) \"\"Listen Up!\"\" is a single by the band the Gossip, released in 2006, and taken from the album \"\"Standing in the Way of Control\"\". It was re-released in 2007, peaking at number 39 on the UK Singles Chart in this second run. The \"\"Tronik Youth\"\" remix was included on the Cream (nightclub)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "307637", "chunk_text": "\"Listen Up! (Gossip song)\"\nListen Up! (Gossip song) \"\"Listen Up!\"\" is a single by the band the Gossip, released in 2006, and taken from the album \"\"Standing in the Way of Control\"\". It was re-released in 2007, peaking at number 39 on the UK Singles Chart in this second run. The \"\"Tronik Youth\"\" remix was included on the Cream (nightclub) compilation \"\"Cream Summer 2007\"\". There are two versions of this music video. In the original version, directed by Morgen Dye, Beth Ditto is eating a pizza in response to jibes about her weight and several young people dancing to the track. The 2007 version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14738238", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to What the Man Said\"\nListen to What the Man Said \"\"Listen to What the Man Said\"\" is a hit single from Wings' 1975 album \"\"Venus and Mars\"\". The song featured new member Joe English on drums, with guest musicians Dave Mason on guitar and Tom Scott on soprano saxophone. It was a number 1 single on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in the US; as well, it reached number 1 in Canada on the \"\"RPM\"\" National Top Singles Chart. It also reached number 6 in the UK, and reached the top ten in Norway and New Zealand and the top twenty in the Netherlands.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16536915", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm\"\nModern Romance founder member, David Jaymes. It can also be found on the Japanese compilation, \"\"Juanita\"\" (1983). \"\"Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm\"\" ia a Pop music single with elements of Afro-Cuban and Mambo, which presented a marked change from the traditional Salsa music style of Modern Romance (band). The song features the distinctive trumpet and horn sounds of John Du Prez. Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm \"\"Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm\"\" is a Top 20 single from UK band Modern Romance. It was released in 1983 as a 7-inch single, 7-inch picture disc, and 12-inch single by WEA. German and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17151093", "chunk_text": "\"Listen Now\"\nListen Now Listen Now is the only studio album by 801, whose live debut was released in November 1976. For this release, the group was officially billed as \"\"Phil Manzanera/801\"\". In 1977, hoping to capitalise on the success of \"\"801 Live\"\", a revised version of 801 (now known as Phil Manzanera/801) recorded and released a studio album with additional collaborating musicians including Kevin Godley and Lol Creme of 10cc, and Tim Finn and Eddie Rayner of Split Enz. Only Phil Manzanera and Bill MacCormick remain important members of the band, while Francis Monkman, Simon Phillips and Eno are treated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19171707", "chunk_text": "\"Mesmerize (song)\"\nMesmerize (song) \"\"Mesmerize\"\" is a song by American rapper Ja Rule. It was released in December 2002 as the second single from his fourth album \"\"The Last Temptation\"\". The song was produced by Irv Gotti and features R&B artist Ashanti. The song peaked at number 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on January 2003, behind Jennifer Lopez and LL Cool J.'s \"\"All I Have\"\", making it Ashanti's and Ja Rule's fourth top ten hit as a duet. The song contains a sample from the 1974 song \"\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\" performed by Diana Ross and Marvin Gaye. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11292841", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to the Music\"\nsong remains a staple of adult contemporary and classic rock radio. The band also uses it as an encore song during live shows. Patrick Simmons, the second guitarist and vocalist in the group, sings the bridge of the song. The Doobie Brothers: Additional personnel: The song received a remix by Steve Rodway a.k.a. Motiv8 in 1994, which eventually peaked at #37 UK. Listen to the Music \"\"Listen to the Music\"\" is a song recorded by the Doobie Brothers on their second album \"\"Toulouse Street\"\". This song was the Doobie Brothers' first big hit in 1972. It was written by Tom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4099385", "chunk_text": "\"What Sound\"\nWhat Sound What Sound is the third album by English electronic music group Lamb, released in October 2001 Original members Andy Barlow and Lou Rhodes are joined by session musicians Arto Lindsay on guitar, Me'Shell NdegéOcello on bass, and Michael Franti with additional vocal work. Doves guitarist Jimi Goodwin, producers Nellee Hooper and Richard Dorfmeister (one half of Kruder & Dorfmeister) also contributed to the album. The track \"\"Heaven\"\" was used constantly on the HBO television series \"\"Six Feet Under\"\". A hidden track called \"\"Blessing in Disguise\"\" follows a period of silence after the final track. Note: Some editions do", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9826997", "chunk_text": "\"Stop This Game\"\nStop This Game \"\"Stop This Game\"\" is a song by American rock band Cheap Trick, released in 1980 as the lead single from their fifth studio album \"\"All Shook Up\"\". It was written by Rick Nielsen and Robin Zander, and produced by George Martin. \"\"Stop This Game\"\" reached No. 48 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and No. 32 on the Canadian \"\"RPM\"\" Top Singles. Upon release, \"\"Billboard\"\" described the song as one that \"\"starts off on a mellow note before some thunderous guitar licks take charge and the tune becomes a forceful rocker. Lead vocals are full of gut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1632877", "chunk_text": "\"Stop! (album)\"\nStop! (album) Stop! is the debut studio album by the English female singer-songwriter Sam Brown. It was originally released in June 1988, on the label A&M, and was distributed by Festival in Australia. Produced by Sam Brown, her brother Pete Brown, Pete Smith, Danny Schogger, and John Madden the album was recorded at the Power Plant, in London, England, with then-Pink Floyd member David Gilmour's guitar parts on \"\"This Feeling\"\" and \"\"I'll Be In Love\"\" being recorded at Greene Street Studios, in New York, United States. The track \"\"Merry Go Round\"\" has lyrics slightly adapted from W. H. Davies poem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5663033", "chunk_text": "\"Sound the Alarm (band)\"\nSound the Alarm (band) Sound the Alarm is an American pop rock band from Bangor, Pennsylvania. The band consists of singer Cody Jancovic, guitarists Joe Brule and Brian Chiusano, bassist Colin Ellis, and drummer Rick Stephans. Their newest album, \"\"Stay Inside\"\", was released on July 17, 2007 by Geffen Records. Sound The Alarm was formed in 1999 by Cody Jancovic, Brian Chiusano, Colin Ellis, Rick Stephans in their hometown of Bangor in Upper Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania. At that time, the band members were only 12 years old. The four played covers of favorite bands under the name Sleepwell. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15642123", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"\nDon't Talk, Just Listen Don't Talk, Just Listen is the second album by American R&B group B5. It was released on September 11, 2007 in the United States. The first single is \"\"Hydrolics\"\" featuring Bow Wow, their second single is \"\"In My Bedroom\"\". The album debuted at number 27 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, selling about 19,000 copies in its first week. Note: There are two versions of Rockstar. One is a hidden track at the end of Things I Would Do (the reason that song is 7 minutes and 48 seconds long). The version hidden in Things I Would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "878715", "chunk_text": "\"Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before\"\nStop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before \"\"Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. First released on the group's 1987 album \"\"Strangeways, Here We Come\"\", it was later featured on the compilation albums \"\"Stop Me\"\" and \"\"The Very Best of The Smiths\"\". The song is also included in the music video game \"\"Rock Band 3\"\". Like many other songs written by Morrissey, the song deals with issues of trust, relationship burnout, and alcohol abuse. \"\"Stop Me", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16006884", "chunk_text": "\"Just Hear It\"\nJust Hear It Just Hear It, stylized just hear !t, is an online music search engine, music discovery, and music streaming service. It allows users to search for and instantly listen to any song from its collection of over 16 Million tracks. As of January 2010, Just Hear It has displayed only an interactive image of its logo on the website. Just Hear It allows users to search, play songs and create playlists. Other features such as creating a Media Library, saving playlists and bookmarking songs were available only to members of its Private Beta program. Just Hear It does", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1632879", "chunk_text": "\"Stop! (album)\"\nThe album was certified platinum by Music Canada. In the UK, it sold more than 100,000 copies and was certified gold by the BPI. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. Stop! (album) Stop! is the debut studio album by the English female singer-songwriter Sam Brown. It was originally released in June 1988, on the label A&M, and was distributed by Festival in Australia. Produced by Sam Brown, her brother Pete Brown, Pete Smith, Danny Schogger, and John Madden the album was recorded at the Power Plant, in London, England, with then-Pink Floyd member David Gilmour's guitar parts on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2583554", "chunk_text": "\"Listen to the Man\"\nListen to the Man \"\"Listen to the Man\"\" is a song by English singer-songwriter George Ezra. It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 October 2014 through Columbia Records as the fifth single from his debut studio album \"\"Wanted on Voyage\"\" (2014). The song has peaked at number 41 on the UK Singles Chart. The accompanying music video features actor Sir Ian McKellen, who lip syncs to the lyrics. The official music video was directed by Rob Brandon, who also did the videos for Ezra's previous singles \"\"Budapest\"\" and \"\"Cassy O'\"\". It was filmed over four days in Barcelona", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "862055", "chunk_text": "\"Craig David\"\nfrom the last ten years. Two weeks later on 31 May 2010, the second single to be taken from \"\"Signed Sealed Delivered\"\", titled \"\"All Alone Tonight (Stop, Look, Listen)\"\" will be released. The chorus of the single samples The Stylistics' hit \"\"Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)\"\" but features completely new verses. In the weeks leading up to the release BBC Radio Two have backed the single by naming it their 'Record of the Week' and adding it to their 'A-List'. On 20 May 2010, David appeared as a co-host on \"\"The Morning Show\"\" in Australia alongside Kylie Gillies, whilst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19175465", "chunk_text": "\"Sound (song)\"\nSound (song) \"\"Sound\"\" is a song written by Jim Glennie, Larry Gott, Tim Booth and was the first single taken from \"\"Seven\"\", the fourth studio album by the Manchester band James. Released in November 1991, it reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart, the second of the group's three top 10 hits to date. Apart from \"\"Sit Down\"\", \"\"Sound\"\" is the band's only entry into the top 30 of the Irish singles chart. Clocking in at over six and a half minutes on the album, the song was shortened considerably for the single version. The CD release featured both the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14563345", "chunk_text": "\"Stop the Music (album)\"\nStop the Music (album) Stop the Music is the debut album by Christian Latin hip hop brother-sister duo New Breed, a Tunnel Rats affiliate, released on March 12, 2002 through Uprok Records in the United States and through EMI Christian Music Group in the United Kingdom. Featuring a Latin-influenced East Coast hip hop sound that revealed the duo's Puerto Rican heritage, \"\"Stop the Music\"\" met with positive critical reception from critics. AllMusic's Johnny Loftus wrote that \"\"Stop the Music\"\" \"\"showcased Macho and Elsie's bold rhymes and decidedly Latin flavor.\"\" Tom Semioli in his AllMusic review explained that the duo's use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2381179", "chunk_text": "\"Stop the Music (album)\"\nStop the Music (album) Stop the Music is the debut album by Christian Latin hip hop brother-sister duo New Breed, a Tunnel Rats affiliate, released on March 12, 2002 through Uprok Records in the United States and through EMI Christian Music Group in the United Kingdom. Featuring a Latin-influenced East Coast hip hop sound that revealed the duo's Puerto Rican heritage, \"\"Stop the Music\"\" met with positive critical reception from critics. AllMusic's Johnny Loftus wrote that \"\"Stop the Music\"\" \"\"showcased Macho and Elsie's bold rhymes and decidedly Latin flavor.\"\" Tom Semioli in his AllMusic review explained that the duo's use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16536913", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm\"\nDon't Stop That Crazy Rhythm \"\"Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm\"\" is a Top 20 single from UK band Modern Romance. It was released in 1983 as a 7-inch single, 7-inch picture disc, and 12-inch single by WEA. German and Spanish versions were also released. \"\"Don't Stop That Crazy Rhythm\"\" was a Top 20 single for Modern Romance (band). It was the released during the David Jaymes / Michael J. Mullins era. It reached #14 on the UK chart in 1983 and can be found on Modern Romance's two hit albums, \"\"Trick of the Light\"\" (1983) and \"\"Party Tonight\"\" (1983). \"\"Don't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_174	when do the walking dead comics come out?	n/a	[ "October 2003 – present", "2003" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333487", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\naction\"\". The first episode of the sequel, \"\"\"\", was released in December 2013 with episode 2 being released in March 2014, episode 3 in May 2014, episode 4 in July 2014 and episode 5 in August 2014. The first episode of the second sequel,\"\"\"\", was released in December 2016 with episode 2 being released December 2016, episode 3 in March 2017, episode 4 in April 2017 and episode 5 in May 2017. \"\"\"\" released August 14th 2018, was set to a halt on September 21, 2018 as most of the staff was \"\"laid off\"\" cause of money issues but as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989188", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nafter he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the cover art for the first twenty-four issues and the first four trade paperbacks. The remainder were done by Adlard. When the television series premiered in October 2010, Image Comics announced \"\"The Walking Dead Weekly\"\". The first 52 issues of the series began to be reprinted on January 5, 2011, with one issue per week for a year. The series is periodically re-published in trade paperbacks which contain six issues each, hardcover books with twelve issues and occasional bonus material, omnibus editions of twenty-four issues, and compendium editions of forty-eight issues.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989189", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nIn May of 2018, Image Comics and its imprint Skybound Entertainment, the company that has driven development of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" comic series since 2010, jointly announced \"\"The Walking Dead Day.\"\" The fan-oriented event has a scheduled date of October 13, 2018 and will coincide with the release of a \"\"Walking Dead #1 15th Anniversary Variant Edition,\"\" with cover art by current series artist Charlie Adlard. A select number of \"\"The Walking Dead Day\"\" participating local comic shops become part of the comic's story line, with their own special edition of Adlard's anniversary cover, featuring the store’s logo incorporated into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18069251", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (TV series)\"\ndesigned by Greg Nicotero and sculpted by McFarlane Toys. Special features include audio commentaries, deleted scenes, and several featurettes. The fourth season DVD and Blu-ray was released on August 26, 2014. It was also released as a limited edition Blu-ray, packaged with a tree-walker designed by McFarlane Toys. Special features include audio commentaries, deleted scenes, and several featurettes, as well as extended episodes which are exclusive to the Blu-ray. The fifth season was released on August 25, 2015, the sixth season on August 23, 2016, the seventh season on August 22, 2017, and the eighth season on August 21, 2018.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989192", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\n25: No Turning Back (Issues 145–150) Volume 26: Call to Arms (Issues 151–156) Volume 27: The Whisperer War (Issues 157–162) Volume 28: A Certain Doom (Issues 163–168) Volume 29: Lines We Cross (Issues 169–174) Volume 30: New World Order (Issues 175–180) Volume 31: (Issues 181–186) Michonne Special (March 16, 2012) The Governor Special (February 13, 2013) Free Comic Book Day Special (May 4, 2013) Morgan Special (May 5, 2013) Tyreese Special (October 9, 2013) The Walking Dead: The Alien (April 20, 2016) Here's Negan (April 27, 2016 – July 26, 2017, October 4, 2017 (Hardcover)) Rick Grimes is the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333489", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nfirst began shipping to backers on 7 November 2016. A series of novels based on the comics, written by Robert Kirkman and Jay Bonansinga, were released between 2011 and 2014 focusing on the antagonist \"\"The Governor\"\". Taking place in the initial outbreak, the books chronicle his experiences from surviving in the newly ravaged world to the establishment of himself as leader of Woodbury, and finally tying up the conclusion to the prison arc storyline in the comics. Following \"\"\"\", Bonansinga continued the \"\"Walking Dead\"\" novels as sole author, with Kirkman's name affixed to the title. The series has so far", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9295453", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 8)\"\nhave been used instead. The eighth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on August 21, 2018. The set includes three audio commentaries and three featurettes. The Walking Dead (season 8) The eighth season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 22, 2017, and concluded on April 15, 2018, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9295446", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 8)\"\nThe Walking Dead (season 8) The eighth season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 22, 2017, and concluded on April 15, 2018, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for his fifth and final season. The eighth season received mixed reviews from critics. It was nominated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19459779", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 9)\"\nThe Walking Dead (season 9) The ninth season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC premiered on October 7, 2018, and will consist of 16 episodes, split into two parts, each consisting of eight episodes. The second part of the season is scheduled to premiere on February 10, 2019. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Angela Kang, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, Denise Huth, and Gale Anne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7926255", "chunk_text": "\"Kill or Be Killed (comics)\"\nby Phillips that paid homage to the first issue of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". The series concluded at issue 20 in June 2018. The comic book is being collected in a series of trade paperback volumes. The first volume, released January 18, 2017, contains issues 1–4 and the second volume, released August 9, 2017, contains issues 5–10. The third volume was released on January 19, 2018, collecting issues 11–14. A final, fourth volume was also released in 2018. Each single issue includes articles and other content written by guest contributors that are not included in the collected editions. Brubaker wanted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19522234", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (franchise)\"\nepisode was released on December 17, 2013. Its final was released on August 26, 2014. Telltale Games confirmed that it will produce a third season of \"\"Walking Dead\"\", following the success of the first two seasons. The season began on December 20, 2016. In July 2017 during San Diego Comic Con, Telltale Games announced that the fourth season of the series will be the final season of the game. The first of four episodes was released on August 14, 2018. Flash based social game on Facebook, launched in 2012 and shut down at the end of 2014. On July 6,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333483", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\non October 31, 2010 with high ratings. On November 8, 2010, after broadcasting two episodes, AMC renewed \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" for a second season of 13 episodes, which began on October 16, 2011. The TV show is loosely inspired by the comic, introducing new characters and deviating from the comic in certain plot points. The fifth season premiered on October 12, 2014, with Scott M. Gimple as the show's third showrunner. Gimple has said that he would stay closer in line to the comic book series events \"\"as much as possible\"\", but ultimately remix stories with certain characters, referencing original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12521014", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game series)\"\nreleased in August 2016. The physical edition is expected to release on February 7, 2017, featuring the first episode on disc and download codes to obtain all future episodes of the series. Announced in November 2017, \"\"The Walking Dead Collection\"\" includes all episodes from the first three seasons, as well as \"\"400 Days\"\" and \"\"The Walking Dead: Michonne\"\". The collection was released on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on December 5, 2017. The content of the first two seasons and \"\"400 Days\"\" has been visually improved, reflecting on improvements Telltale has made in their engine since these seasons were first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19651451", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (TV series)\"\nKingdom soldiers are killed, Alexandria falls to a Savior attack, and Carl is bitten by a walker. Before euthanizing himself, Carl convinces Rick to end the war and restart society anew. Negan attempts to wipe out Rick and his allies in a final battle, but Eugene disrupts his plan by sabotaging the Saviors' bullets. Negan is then wounded and captured by Rick. Against Maggie's wishes, Negan is spared and imprisoned, ending the war. In January 2018, the series was renewed for a 16-episode ninth season. The ninth season premiered on October 7, 2018. Series writer and executive producer Angela Kang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989187", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\n\"\"\"\"), and various additional publications, including novels (\"\"\"\"). The original pitch by Kirkman and Moore was for a followup to George A. Romero's \"\"Night of the Living Dead\"\", with the series taking place in the 1960s. Image Comics co-founder Jim Valentino suggested using an original concept instead so the creators would own the property outright. The revised pitch became \"\"The Walking Dead.\"\" \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" debuted in 2003, published by Image Comics, with art by Tony Moore for the first six issues and Cliff Rathburn shading the art after issue five. Charlie Adlard took over as artist on issue #7,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19522222", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (franchise)\"\nThe Walking Dead (franchise) The Walking Dead is a media franchise created by Robert Kirkman and Tony Moore including a comic book series, two television series, six novels, video games, and various other media such as audio books and sound tracks. \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" is a monthly black-and-white comic book series chronicling the travels of Rick Grimes, his family, and other survivors of a zombie apocalypse. First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the series was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore (who was later replaced by Charlie Adlard from issue #7 onward, though Moore continued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8328872", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: A New Frontier\"\nThe Walking Dead: A New Frontier The Walking Dead: A New Frontier (also known as The Walking Dead: Season Three) is an episodic graphic adventure game based on Robert Kirkman's \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" comic book series developed by Telltale Games. It is Telltale's third season of its \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" series, with the first two episodes released on December 20, 2016, and a retail season pass disc edition released on February 7, 2017. The game employs the same narrative structure as the past seasons, where player choice in one episode will have a permanent impact on future story elements. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "85855", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game series)\"\nThe Walking Dead (video game series) The Walking Dead is an episodic, graphic adventure video game series developed and published by Telltale Games, based on \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" comic book series. First released in April 2012, the series currently spans three main five-episode seasons, an additional episode as downloadable content, and a mini three-episode season, with plans to release a fourth and final season in 2018. The games have been released to personal computers, game consoles, and mobile devices and have had both digital and physical releases. The series, like the comic, starts with an epidemic that turns the dead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "85873", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game series)\"\nreleased, including high-definition texture mapping for all survivor characters, improved dynamic lighting, and upgrading the game's graphics to use DirectX 11 over DirectX 9. The older games also use the user interface elements developed for the third season as to provide a consistent interface to the players. \"\"The Walking Dead Collection\"\" was nominated for the Tappan Zee Bridge Award for Best Remake at the New York Game Awards 2018. Announced during the July 2017 San Diego Comic Con, \"\"The Walking Dead: The Final Season\"\", launched as four-episode series on August 14, 2018 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264238", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: The Final Season\"\nfour episodes, with the first episode released on August 14, 2018 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch. However, due to the sudden near-closure of Telltale Games on September 21, 2018, the last two episodes will be overseen by Skybound Entertainment, Kirkman's production company. As with other games in \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" series, \"\"The Final Season\"\" is a graphic adventure game, where the player controls the protagonist Clementine as she struggles to survive in the wake of a zombie apocalypse. The player can move Clementine around the environment to examine items, initiate conversation trees with non-player characters,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333486", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nthe first part of Issue No. 1 of the comic with animation by Juice Films, voice acting by Phil LaMarr and art by Tony Moore. On February 18, 2011, Telltale Games announced plans to create an episodic video game based on the series, which was scheduled to debut in fall 2011 and was released worldwide in April 2012. \"\"\"\" consists of five episodes, released between April and November 2012. Additional downloadable content, \"\"400 Days\"\", was released in July 2013. Kirkman has said that, unlike typical zombie games such as \"\"Left 4 Dead\"\", \"\"it [focuses] more on characterization and emotion than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243224", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 7)\"\nThe Walking Dead (season 7) The seventh season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 23, 2016, and concluded on April 2, 2017, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season. The seventh season received mixed reviews from critics. It was nominated for multiple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18069210", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (TV series)\"\nliving often more dangerous than the dead. Much of the series takes place in and around Atlanta, Georgia, and later Alexandria, Virginia. The series premiered in the United States on October 31, 2010. It is exclusively shown on cable television channel AMC in the U.S. and internationally on Fox International Channels. Beginning with its third season, \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" has attracted the most 18 to 49-year-old viewers of any cable or broadcast television series. The series was renewed for a ninth season, which debuted on October 7, 2018. An AMC spin-off series, \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\", debuted on August 23,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11974533", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: The Final Season\"\ncould revisit the franchise through other characters. On September 21, 2018, Telltale announced they were undergoing a \"\"majority studio closure\"\", laying off nearly all staff and leaving only 25 to complete the studio's remaining obligations. The state of \"\"The Final Season\"\" is unknown, though other planned studio projects were cancelled. The second episode was still released on September 25, 2018, but the fate of the remaining episodes is unknown. Telltale stated on September 24, 2018, that the studio has been approached by \"\"multiple potential partners\"\" that want to help bring these two episodes to completion in some manner. Until they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989190", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nthe cover art. The company also noted that additional limited edition collectibles and festivities would be announced at a future date, prior to the October 2018 event. Volume 1: Days Gone Bye (Issues 1–6) Volume 2: Miles Behind Us (Issues 7–12) Volume 3: Safety Behind Bars (Issues 13–18) Volume 4: The Heart's Desire (Issues 19–24) Volume 5: The Best Defense (Issues 25–30) Volume 6: This Sorrowful Life (Issues 31–36) Volume 7: The Calm Before (Issues 37–42) Volume 8: Made to Suffer (Issues 43–48) Volume 9: Here We Remain (Issues 49–54) Volume 10: What We Become (Issues 55–60) Volume 11: Fear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9989185", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nThe Walking Dead (comic book) The Walking Dead is a black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman with art by Tony Moore. It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine. After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the zombie apocalypse. First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the comic is written by Kirkman with art", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333484", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\ncharacters introduced to the show and deceased characters alive in the comic book as a reason for this. Robert Kirkman himself has mentioned that the series will follow much closer to the comic series with Gimple's run. With the series' ninth season, which started broadcast in October 2018, Angela Kang was promoted to showrunner with Gimple now in charge of all \"\"Walking Dead\"\" properties at AMC. This also was accompanied by the largest deviation from the comics, with the departure of Rick Grimes, played by Andrew Lincoln, from the show, though Lincoln will reprise Rick in three feature-length films to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235413", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 9)\"\n20, 2018. The ninth season premiered on October 7, 2018, and the episode was made available a day early via AMC Premiere, the network's on-demand service. Critical reception for the ninth season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" has been positive, with critics noting its improvement over the two previous seasons, but remain cautious if the series can maintain its improved quality for the entire season. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 93% with an average rating of 7.03 out of 10, based on 12 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Nine seasons in, \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" feels more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19522233", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (franchise)\"\ndebut in fall 2011, but finally was released on April 24, 2012. Kirkman has said that, unlike typical zombie games such as \"\"Left 4 Dead\"\", it focuses more on characterization and emotion than action. The video game includes known characters and also introduces characters not shown in the comic or TV show. From April 24, 2012 to November 20, 2012, the game released five episodes, and then released a DLC Pack in June 2013. The game was met with critical acclaim, winning several Game of the Year awards. Following \"\"Season One\"\"s success, a sequel was announced for release. Its first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333482", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\npopularity of the series, which increased considerably when it was adapted into a television series of the same name, artist Tony Moore's original artwork for the series' early issues has gone up in value; on the March 28, 2013 episode of the VH1 reality television series \"\"For What It's Worth\"\", Moore's original artwork for Page 7 of issue #1 was professionally appraised to be worth $20,000. AMC picked up the rights to produce a show based on the comic in 2009. It ordered a pilot episode on January 21, 2010 and began filming on May 15, 2010. The series premiered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8328898", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: A New Frontier\"\nTelltale game engine that it is using for its Batman game. During the 2016 PAX Expo, Telltale revealed the third season will be released in November 2016, with the subtitle \"\"A New Frontier\"\". Telltale later had to delay the first episode's release until December 20, 2016. Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment will publish retail versions of Season 3 as part of a deal with Telltale for \"\"Batman\"\" that was released in August 2016. The physical edition is expected to release on February 24, 2017 in North America and March 3, 2017 in Europe; it will contain the first two episodes on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1989870", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game)\"\n\"\"400 Days\"\" content, was released on August 20, 2013. A \"\"Game of the Year\"\" edition of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", including all five episodes and \"\"400 Days\"\", was released for retail for the Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 platforms on November 19, 2013. A three episode mini-series, \"\"The Walking Dead: Michonne\"\", based on the character Michonne, was released in February 2016. The first episode of third season, \"\",\"\" was released on December 20, 2016, with physical season pass disc released on February 7, 2017. A fourth and final season, , is scheduled to premiere in 2018. \"\"The Walking Dead\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3264249", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: The Final Season\"\nraiders escape, and the remaining children count their losses, which include Omar, Aasim, and whichever person Clementine did not save. They vow to get them back and as Abel is now their prisoner, they intend to interrogate him for the location of the raider camp. The game is separated into four episodes, originally intended to be released every six weeks. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Announced during the July 2017 San Diego Comic Con, \"\"The Walking Dead: The Final Season\"\", is scheduled to launch as a four-episode series on August 14, 2018 for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, with a Nintendo Switch version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12521031", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game series)\"\nthe short episode lengths and the treatment of the Season 2 endings were both subjects of criticism and Clementine's shift to a supporting character was met with a mixed response. Notes Footnotes The Walking Dead (video game series) The Walking Dead is an episodic, graphic adventure video game series developed and published by Telltale Games, based on \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" comic book series. First released in April 2012, the series currently spans three main five-episode seasons, an additional episode as downloadable content, and a mini three-episode season, with plans to release a fourth and final season in 2018. The games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8664032", "chunk_text": "\"Call of Duty\"\nJustin Jordan, Treyarch's Jason Blundell and Craig Houston. The series is illustrated by artist Jonathan Wayshak and colorist Dan Jackson. The cover arts are handled by artist Simon Bisley. The series was announced by Treyarch on July 2016, with the first issue slated for release in October. After a slight delay, the first issue was released on October 26, 2016. The five other issues were released in the months of 2017: issue #2 released on January 11, 2017; issue #3 released on March 1, 2017; issue #4 released on April 19, 2017; issue #5 released on June 21, 2017; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19522226", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (franchise)\"\nIn July 2018 the show was renewed for a fifth season set to air in 2019. Set initially in Los Angeles, California, the series follows a dysfunctional family composed of high school guidance counselor Madison Clark, her boyfriend and English teacher Travis Manawa, her daughter Alicia, and her drug-addicted son Nick, at the onset of the zombie apocalypse. The four must either revamp themselves or cling to their deep flaws as they come to terms with the impending collapse of civilization. In July 2018, during San Diego Comic Con, executive producer Scott Gimple announced that a new spin-off is in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18247733", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: Season Two\"\nwhere no one can be trusted\"\". The first episode was released in the fourth quarter of 2013, with subsequent episodes released four to six weeks apart. A collector's disc was announced to purchase at the end of the season, with those who pre-order the game (from the Telltale Games Store) receiving it for just the shipping and handling cost. Telltale Games and Skybound Entertainment announced spin off mini-series \"\"\"\" released in February 2016 and third season titled \"\"\"\" was released with first two episodes on December 2016, with physical season pass released in February 2017. \"\"The Walking Dead: Season Two\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12639237", "chunk_text": "\"Revival (comics)\"\nteam. Previews of the first issue were included in \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" #99 and alongside five other upcoming comics in Image's 2012 Free Comic Book Day sampler before the first issue was released on July 11, 2012. It had an initial print run of about 18,000 copies and was available with two covers: the standard version by Frison and a 1-in-10 alternate cover by Craig Thompson. As an added incentive to retailers who normally order on a non-returnable basis, unsold copies of qualifying orders could be returned to Image in exchange for a credit to their account. It quickly sold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1989872", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game)\"\nthe fifth episode. Exclusive to GameStop stores in North America is the \"\"Collector's Edition\"\", which includes new artwork by Charlie Adlard and \"\"The Walking Dead: Compendium One\"\", a comic book that embody the first 48 issues of the series by Robert Kirkman. Following the retail release, some Xbox 360 owners without large storage options reported stuttering issues with the disc-based game; Telltale compensated these users with free codes to download the full series digitally. An iOS version of the game was announced in August 2012, with episodes released shortly after their computer/console debut. Later, after the full release of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14406356", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (video game)\"\nedition\"\" of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" was to be released for PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 through retail. It will includes the five episodes, the \"\"400 Days\"\" DLC episode, the original score and a behind-the-scenes feature. Releases for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles were announced in May 2014 and released in October later that year. A version for the Nintendo Switch is scheduled for release on August 28, 2018, which will include the \"\"400 Days\"\" downloadable content. \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" has received critical acclaim, with reviewers giving praise for the harsh emotional tone, the characters, story and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9877279", "chunk_text": "\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\ncommentaries and deleted scenes, was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018. Fear the Walking Dead Fear the Walking Dead is an American post-apocalyptic horror drama television series created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson, that premiered on AMC on August 23, 2015. It is a companion series and prequel to \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. In July 2018, AMC renewed the series for a fifth season, which is set to premiere in 2019. Andrew Chambliss and Ian Goldberg have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15793253", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: The Final Season\"\nfirst twenty minutes of the first episode, meant to show off the new gameplay features added in this season, was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 31, 2018. Physical releases of \"\"The Final Season\"\" for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One are expected to be released sometime in 2019; they will contain all four episodes on one disc. Despite the title \"\"The Final Season\"\", Telltale originally did not rule out a possible future for \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" games; Creative Director Kent Mudle said that \"\"The Final Season\"\" title represented the end of Clementine's journey from Telltale's view, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6883975", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 2)\"\npackaging was designed by Greg Nicotero and sculpted by McFarlane Toys. The Walking Dead (season 2) The second season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 16, 2011, and concluded on March 18, 2012, consisting of 13 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. It was executive produced by Darabont, Kirkman, Glen Mazzara, David Alpert, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Mazzara assuming the role of showrunner after Darabont's departure from the series. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "743007", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 7)\"\nthe ninth episode (\"\"Rock in the Road\"\"), following this viewing decreased with the twelfth episode (\"\"Say Yes\"\") reaching a season low with 10.16 million viewers. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on August 22, 2017, in region 2 on September 25, 2017, and in region 4 on September 27, 2017. The \"\"Limited Edition Spike Walker Statue\"\" set, which is exclusive to Amazon.com was released on October 24, 2017, and was created by McFarlane Toys to pay homage to the zombie character featured in the \"\"New Best Friends\"\" episode in season 7. The Walking Dead (season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333492", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nand Gold Foil Version for Compendium 3). Several ancillary books and a special edition have also been published: The Walking Dead (comic book) The Walking Dead is a black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman with art by Tony Moore. It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine. After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235412", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 9)\"\nPaul \"\"Jesus\"\" Rovia, said the timejump is about a year and a half from the end of the eighth season, giving enough time for survivors to re-establish farming and livestock raising. A second timeskip occurs towards the end of episode 5, after a helicopter whisks a wounded Rick to safety. The next scene takes place six years later, when a now much older Judith saves a group of survivors from a ring of walkers. The teaser for the season was released on July 19, 2018, the first day of the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con. The trailer was released on July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10472232", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 6)\"\nThe Walking Dead (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 11, 2015, and concluded on April 3, 2016, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the third consecutive season. The sixth season received positive reviews by critics. It was nominated for multiple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2632432", "chunk_text": "\"Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)\"\nFear the Walking Dead (season 3) The third season of \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight-episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017 and concluded on October 15, 2017. The series is a companion series and prequel to \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The season follows a dysfunctional, blended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6827564", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 5)\"\ndesigned by Greg Nicotero and sculpted by McFarlane Toys, was released on December 1, 2015. The Walking Dead (season 5) The fifth season of \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 12, 2014, and concluded on March 29, 2015, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers were Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333485", "chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (comic book)\"\nbe produced as AMC Originals that continue Rick's story with Kirkman's involvement. A companion television series, titled \"\"Fear The Walking Dead\"\", debuted on AMC on August 23, 2015. The series features new original characters, and it is set in the city of Los Angeles, California starting prior to the zombie apocalypse. It explores these new characters as the apocalypse begins. The series was created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson, with Erickson serving as showrunner for the series. AMC ordered the series for a two-season commitment, with the first season consisting of six episodes. AMC released an animated film of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_175	who played mark on the show the rifleman?	n/a	[ "John Ernest Crawford" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9709766", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Crawford\"\nJohnny Crawford John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, \"\"The Rifleman,\"\" which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer. Crawford was born in Los Angeles, the son of Betty (née Megerlin) and Robert Lawrence Crawford, Sr. His maternal grandparents were Belgian; his maternal grandfather was violinist Alfred Eugene Megerlin. In 1959, Johnny, his older brother Robert L.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352772", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nThe Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. \"\"The Rifleman\"\" aired on ABC from September 30, 1958, to April 8, 1963, as a production of Four Star Television. It was one of the first prime time series on US television to show a single parent raising a child. The program was titled to reflect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15010219", "chunk_text": "\"Mark McCain\"\nin his son. The emphasis on the father-son relationship also was a result of the popularity of Johnny Crawford's portrayal of Mark and his chemistry with his father. Holly George-Warren recalled, \"\"I remember me and all my girlfriends having crushes on Johnny.\"\" Mark McCain Mark McCain is the son of fictitious rancher Lucas McCain in the ABC Western television series \"\"The Rifleman,\"\" starring Chuck Connors, which ran from 1958 to 1963. Singer/actor and former Mouseketeer Johnny Crawford was cast in the role and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1959 as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11249739", "chunk_text": "\"Mark McCain\"\nMark McCain Mark McCain is the son of fictitious rancher Lucas McCain in the ABC Western television series \"\"The Rifleman,\"\" starring Chuck Connors, which ran from 1958 to 1963. Singer/actor and former Mouseketeer Johnny Crawford was cast in the role and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1959 as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series. However, Dennis Weaver, then portraying Chester Goode on CBS's \"\"Gunsmoke\"\", won the honor. Mark McCain was more than just a supporting player in \"\"The Rifleman\"\", as the boy's bond with his father was a core element of the show. In many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352778", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nBurrage\"\"): Edgar Buchanan, Fay Roope, Rhys Williams, Jack Kruschen, Robert Burton, Ralph Moody and Bert Stevens. Several actors also played blacksmith Nels Swenson. More than 500 actors made guest appearances in more than 970 credited roles during the five-year run of the series. Guest stars included veteran actors: John Anderson, Richard Anderson, Whit Bissell, John Carradine, Lon Chaney, Jr., Ellen Corby, Sammy Davis, Jr., John Dehner, Jack Elam, Med Flory, Dabbs Greer, Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr., L.Q. Jones, John Milford, Rex Holman, Agnes Moorehead, Denver Pyle, Lee Van Cleef, and Adam West, most appearing multiple times in different roles. Several then-newcomers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439504", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Crawford\"\na one-way ticket to California and encouraged her to pursue a Hollywood career. This led Jackson to early appearances on the \"\"Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\"\", before she was cast as a regular on \"\"SNL\"\". Johnny Crawford John Ernest Crawford (born March 26, 1946) is an American character actor, singer, and musician. At age 12, Crawford rose to fame for playing Mark McCain, the son of Lucas McCain (played by Chuck Connors), in the popular ABC Western series, \"\"The Rifleman,\"\" which originally aired from 1958 to 1963. Crawford first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer. Crawford was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17943097", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nSteven Gardner, and Arthur Gardner (related to original producers Levy-Gardner-Laven) as executive producers. The remake project was canceled a few months later, without a pilot episode being made. The TV show was also adapted into a comic book by Dan Spiegle, distributed by Dell Comics. The Rifleman The Rifleman is an American Western television program starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1870s and 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2792633", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas McCain\"\nLucas McCain Lucas McCain is a fictional character in the Western television series, \"\"The Rifleman\"\", which ran on ABC from 1958 to 1963. A rancher and widowed father with a penchant for using his Winchester firearm as a last resort, the part was portrayed by former athlete-turned-actor Chuck Connors. In the story, Lucas earns enough money from a turkey shoot contest to purchase a ranch near the fictitious town of North Fork in the New Mexico Territory, where, presumably in the 1880s, he dedicates himself to rearing his son, Mark McCain, played by singer/actor and former Mousketeer Johnny Crawford. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352795", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nlook for Indians suspected of murdering a Texas Ranger and his family. He subsequently reappeared in \"\"The Raid\"\". Chuck Connors briefly played the same character again in 1991's \"\"\"\", which featured a number of 1950s and 1960s television Western series leads reprising their roles in quick cameo appearances (Gene Barry as Bat Masterson, Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp, Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick, Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie, David Carradine as \"\"Kung Fu\"\"'s Caine). In late 2011, CBS announced plans to remake the original \"\"Rifleman\"\" series. Chris Columbus was slated to be the executive producer and direct, with Robert Levy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352774", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nfictitious town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory, in the pilot episode. He and his son Mark had come from Enid, Oklahoma, following the death of his wife, Margaret (nee Gibbs), when his son was six years old. The series was set during the 1880s; a wooden plaque next to the McCain home states that the home was rebuilt by Lucas McCain and his son Mark in August 1881. A common thread in the series is that people deserve a second chance; Marshal Micah Torrance is a recovering alcoholic, and McCain gives a convict a job on his ranch in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352779", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nalso appeared in the series, including Claude Akins, James Coburn (credited as \"\"Jim\"\") Mark Goddard, Dan Blocker, Dennis Hopper, Michael Landon, Warren Oates, Harry Dean Stanton, Robert Vaughn, Robert Culp,(who starred in his \"\"own\"\" western series for Four Star Productions, \"\"\"\"Trackdown\"\"\"\" from 1957–59), Martin Landau, and Richard Kiel. Notable people in other fields also made cameo appearances such as future baseball Hall of Famers Duke Snider and Don Drysdale, comedian Buddy Hackett and writer, director and producer Paul Mazursky. It was partially filmed in Wildwood Regional Park in Thousand Oaks, California. The series was created by Arnold Laven and developed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19372595", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Connors\"\nthey should cast Connors in the role of Lucas McCain and make him a better offer, including a five-percent ownership of the show. \"\"The Rifleman\"\" was an immediate hit, ranking No. 4 in the Nielsen ratings in 1958–59, behind three other Westerns – \"\"Gunsmoke\"\", \"\"Wagon Train\"\", and \"\"Have Gun – Will Travel\"\". Johnny Crawford, an unfamiliar actor at the time, former Mousketeer, baseball fan and Western buff, beat 40 other young stars to play the role of Lucas's son, Mark. Crawford remained on the series from 1958 until its cancellation in 1963. \"\"The Rifleman\"\" landed high in the Nielsen ratings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352791", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nproduction history may be related to its being the first Winchester to be designed for the then-new \"\"smokeless\"\" powder. The pilot episode, \"\"The Sharpshooter\"\", was originally telecast on CBS as part of \"\"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre\"\" on March 7, 1958; it was repeated (in edited form) as the first episode of the series on ABC. The episode was written by Sam Peckinpah, and guest starred Dennis Hopper. Regulars on the program included Marshal Micah Torrance (R. G. Armstrong was the original marshal for two episodes, the first and the fourth), Sweeney the bartender (Bill Quinn), and a half-dozen other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352781", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\ntown while rapid-firing his Winchester 44-40 1892 model rifle that had been modified at the trigger and lever. The rifle's modification allowed McCain to fire the rifle only by hand pumping the lever, which had a pin imbedded in it to trip the weapon's trigger. At various points during the series, episodes would show McCain deftly handling and shooting the rifle ambidextrously. When Connors auditioned for the show, the director suddenly threw a rifle at him; the former Major League Baseball player caught it and got the job. Westerns were popular when \"\"The Rifleman\"\" premiered, and producers tried to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18057053", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Wakeling\"\nof ITV’s \"\"Primeval\"\" which premiered in 2007. However, Mark's character died at the end of the first series, so didn't return when the second series aired in 2008. Mark Wakeling is the co-founder and co-director of The Actors' Temple studio which offers a full training for professional actors enabling them to practice their craft on a daily basis. Mark Wakeling Fellowship (unofficial yahoo group) https://groups.yahoo.com/group/markwakelingfellowship Mark Wakeling Mark Wakeling (born 11 October 1971) is a British actor and founder of The Actors Temple in London. After serving as an officer in the Coldstream Guards Wakeling trained as an actor at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1753112", "chunk_text": "\"Mark McCain\"\nscholar Holly George-Warren has said, \"\"With its father-son dynamic, \"\"The Rifleman\"\" bridged the early, innocent Westerns like \"\"Hopalong Cassidy\"\" and \"\"The Gene Autry Show\"\" with the more violent, adult Westerns such as \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" and \"\"Bonanza\"\". It was a wonderful family show but had its dramatic elements, too.\"\" Sam Peckinpah, the author of the first episode of \"\"The Rifleman\"\", \"\"The Sharpshooter,\"\" is generally acknowledged as one of the creators of the series. He wrote five episodes (three of which he also directed) in the first season, and he wrote and directed an episode in the second season. According to Christopher Sharrett", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19372584", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Connors\"\nChuck Connors Kevin Joseph Aloysius \"\"Chuck\"\" Connors (April 10, 1921 – November 10, 1992) was an American actor, writer and professional basketball and baseball player. He is one of only 12 athletes in the history of American professional sports to have played both Major League Baseball and in the National Basketball Association. With a 40-year film and television career, he is best known for his five-year role as Lucas McCain in the highly rated ABC series \"\"The Rifleman\"\" (1958–63). Connors was born on April 10, 1921 in Brooklyn, New York, the elder child of two children born to Marcella (née", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352780", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nby Sam Peckinpah, who would become a director of Western movies. Peckinpah, who wrote and directed many early episodes, based many characters and plots on his own childhood on a ranch. His insistence on violent realism and complex characterizations, as well as his refusal to sugarcoat the lessons he felt the Rifleman's son needed to learn about life, put him at odds with the show's producers at Four Star. Peckinpah left the show and created a short-lived series, \"\"The Westerner\"\", with Brian Keith. The opening theme at the beginning of each episode depicted McCain walking down the street of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352773", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nMcCain's use of a Winchester Model 1892 rifle, customized to allow repeated firing by cycling its lever action. He demonstrated this technique in the opening credits of every episode, as well as a second modification that allowed him to cycle the action with one hand. The series centers on Lucas McCain, a Union Civil War veteran and widower. McCain had been a lieutenant in the 11th Indiana Infantry Regiment, and he had received a battlefield commission at the Battle of Five Forks just before the end of the war. Having previously been a homesteader, McCain buys a ranch outside the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13266016", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Smith (actor)\"\nMark Smith (actor) Mark Smith (born September 30, 1969) is an English actor and body builder who starred as 'Rhino' on the popular ITV show, \"\"Gladiators\"\". He now lives in Acton, London. Smith starred as 'Leo' in the Nickelodeon (UK & Ireland) show \"\"Renford Rejects\"\" and also guest starred as 'Johnson' in the hit BBC soap \"\"EastEnders\"\". He has also appeared In Trial & Retribution for Lynda LaPlante, Robin Hood as the role of Karim. Then Mark moved with his family to LA and has built his resume with projects including \"\"\"\", \"\"Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy\"\", \"\"Rollin' with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6419292", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Goddard\"\nand mentor Chuck Connors of \"\"The Rifleman\"\". Goddard appeared as Norman Tabor in the 1960 episode \"\"Surprise Party\"\" of the CBS anthology series \"\"The DuPont Show with June Allyson\"\". He was cast as Sheldon Hollingsworth in the 1960 episode \"\"To See the Elephant\"\" of the ABC Western series \"\"The Rebel\"\", starring Nick Adams. He played Tod Rowland in the 1960 episode \"\"The Mormons\"\" on \"\"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater\"\". Goddard also was signed for a role lasting three years and 64 episodes in \"\"The Detectives\"\", another series produced by Four Star Television. \"\"The Detectives\"\" was a hit series which ran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15304837", "chunk_text": "\"Maverick (TV series)\"\nseries, including \"\"Bat Masterson\"\" (Gene Barry), \"\"Wyatt Earp\"\" (Hugh O'Brian), the \"\"Rifleman\"\" (Chuck Connors) and his son Mark (Johnny Crawford), Caine from \"\"Kung Fu\"\" (David Carradine), \"\"The Westerner\"\" (Brian Keith), a thinly disguised \"\"Virginian\"\" (James Drury) and Trampas (Doug McClure, who had appeared briefly as a hotel clerk in a first season \"\"Maverick\"\" episode), and \"\"Cheyenne\"\" Bodie (Clint Walker). As each hero appears onscreen, a few bars of the theme song from his original series plays in the background. A lavish theatrical film version was released in 1994 entitled \"\"Maverick\"\" starring Mel Gibson as Bret Maverick, Jodie Foster as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15946096", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Peckinpah\"\ncontent. He reworked the screenplay, titled \"\"The Sharpshooter\"\", and sold it to \"\"Zane Grey Theater\"\". The episode received popular response and became the television series \"\"The Rifleman\"\", starring Chuck Connors. Peckinpah directed four episodes of the series (with guest stars R. G. Armstrong and Warren Oates), but left after the first year. \"\"The Rifleman\"\" ran for five seasons and achieved enduring popularity in syndication. During this time, he also created the television series \"\"The Westerner\"\", starring Brian Keith and in three episodes also featuring John Dehner. Peckinpah wrote and directed a pilot called \"\"Trouble at Tres Cruzes\"\", which was aired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16187406", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Fox (actor)\"\ninclude \"\"Salonika\"\", \"\"Twelfth Night\"\", \"\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\"\" and \"\"Too Cold for Snow\"\". Paul Fox (actor) Paul Fox (born 20 March 1979) is an Cornish actor, known for portraying Mark Redman in \"\"Coronation Street\"\" and Will Cairns in Emmerdale and Dr Jeff Goodwin in \"\"The Royal\"\". Born in Truro, Cornwall, Fox moved to Greasby whilst still a baby. He has one older brother, Christian. He attended Hilbre high school in west kirby and the Glenda Jackson Youth Theatre in Birkenhead, and studied for a BTEC in Performing Arts and an A Level in Theatre Studies at West Cheshire College. Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "878769", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Buchan\"\nAndrew Buchan Andrew Buchan (born 19 February 1979) is an English stage and television actor known for his roles as Mark Latimer in the ITV drama \"\"Broadchurch\"\" (2013–17), as Scott Foster in the BBC political drama \"\"Party Animals\"\" (2007), as John Mercer in ITV drama series \"\"The Fixer\"\" (2008–09), and as William Garrow in BBC period drama \"\"Garrow's Law\"\" (2009–11). Buchan was born in Stockport and brought up in the suburb of Lostock in Bolton. He attended the nearby Rivington and Blackrod High School where he was head boy during sixth form years in Horwich. During A-Levels, and long before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16187403", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Fox (actor)\"\nPaul Fox (actor) Paul Fox (born 20 March 1979) is an Cornish actor, known for portraying Mark Redman in \"\"Coronation Street\"\" and Will Cairns in Emmerdale and Dr Jeff Goodwin in \"\"The Royal\"\". Born in Truro, Cornwall, Fox moved to Greasby whilst still a baby. He has one older brother, Christian. He attended Hilbre high school in west kirby and the Glenda Jackson Youth Theatre in Birkenhead, and studied for a BTEC in Performing Arts and an A Level in Theatre Studies at West Cheshire College. Fox made his television debut playing the nephew of Christopher Eccleston's character in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352777", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\ntakes a gunfight (with Battles fighting alongside him) to make him admit he is wrong. In \"\"Two Ounces Of Tin\"\", with Sammy Davis Jr. as Tip Corey (a former circus trick-shot artist turned gunman), McCain angrily orders him off the ranch when he finds him demonstrating his skills to Mark. Corey suggests he is a hypocrite, because McCain has an equally deadly reputation in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma, where he first acquired the nickname \"\"the Rifleman\"\", and where his wife had died in a smallpox epidemic. Seven actors played the town doctor during the series (usually known as \"\"Doc", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17345661", "chunk_text": "\"Law of the Plainsman\"\nLaw of the Plainsman Law of the Plainsman is a Western television series starring Michael Ansara that aired on the NBC television network from October 1, 1959, until May 5, 1960. The character of Native American U.S. Marshal Sam Buckhart was introduced in two episodes (\"\"The Indian\"\" and \"\"The Raid\"\") of the popular ABC Western television series \"\"The Rifleman\"\" starring Chuck Connors as Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as Mark McCain. \"\"Law of the Plainsman\"\" is distinctive and unique in that it was one of the few television programs that featured a Native American as the lead character, a bold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9148717", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Smith (actor)\"\nknocked out in the 2nd Round. Mark has three children, two from his second wife Simone Young. Mark Smith (actor) Mark Smith (born September 30, 1969) is an English actor and body builder who starred as 'Rhino' on the popular ITV show, \"\"Gladiators\"\". He now lives in Acton, London. Smith starred as 'Leo' in the Nickelodeon (UK & Ireland) show \"\"Renford Rejects\"\" and also guest starred as 'Johnson' in the hit BBC soap \"\"EastEnders\"\". He has also appeared In Trial & Retribution for Lynda LaPlante, Robin Hood as the role of Karim. Then Mark moved with his family to LA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13861299", "chunk_text": "\"The Marksman (2005 film)\"\nThe Marksman (2005 film) The Marksman is a 2005 American action film directed by Marcus Adams, starring Wesley Snipes, William Hope, Emma Samms and Anthony Warren. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on September 6, 2005. When the U.S. is tricked into targeting an 'armed' nuclear reactor captured by Chechen rebels, a Chechen leader is killed and rebel leaders capture the nuclear power plant. Enter Painter (Wesley Snipes), a US Special Forces operative, known as 'The Marksman'. Painter and his Spec-Ops team only have a limited amount of time to resolve the conflict before U.S. military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4163662", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Stevens (actor)\"\nfor the Planet of the Apes\"\". Stevens was a guest star on many television series from 1954 until 1977, including \"\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\", \"\"The Wild Wild West\"\" (\"\"The Night of the Samurai\"\"), \"\"The Rockford Files\"\", \"\"The Streets of San Francisco\"\", \"\"Baretta\"\", \"\"Ironside\"\", \"\"Police Story\"\", \"\"Gunsmoke\"\", \"\"Mannix\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\", \"\"McMillan and Wife\"\" and \"\"Playhouse 90\"\". Paul Stevens (actor) Paul Stevens (January 17, 1921 – June 4, 1986) was an American film and television actor. Stevens played Colonel Charles R. Codman in the 1970 film \"\"Patton\"\". He also appeared in \"\"Exodus\"\", as a key congressional witness in \"\"Advise and Consent\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "700136", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Bruno\"\nis the current narrator of the Discovery Channel program \"\"Rides\"\". Bruno is married and has two sons. He is an avid spearfisher. Dylan Bruno Dylan Bruno (born September 6, 1972) is an American actor and former model. His first major film role was a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's \"\"Saving Private Ryan\"\" (1998), followed by a lead role in the horror film \"\"\"\" (1999). On television, Bruno portrayed FBI agent Colby Granger in \"\"Numbers\"\" and disgraced former Army Ranger Jason Paul Dean in \"\"NCIS\"\". Bruno was born September 6, 1972 in Milford, Connecticut, to actor Scott Bruno and the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14762417", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Crawford\"\nin live teleplays for NBC's \"\"Matinee Theatre\"\", appeared on CBS's sitcom, \"\"Mr. Adams and Eve\"\", in the \"\"Wagon Train\"\" episode \"\"The Sally Potter Story\"\" (in which Martin Milner also appeared) and on the syndicated series, \"\"Crossroads\"\", \"\"Sheriff of Cochise\"\", and \"\"Whirlybirds\"\", and made three pilots of TV series. The third pilot, which was made as an episode of \"\"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater\"\", was picked up by ABC and the first season of \"\"The Rifleman\"\" began filming in July 1958. Crawford was nominated for an Emmy Award as Best Supporting Actor, at age 13, for his role as Mark McCain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352782", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\ngimmicks to distinguish one show from another. \"\"The Rifleman\"\"'s gimmick was a modified Winchester Model 1892 rifle, with a large ring lever drilled and tapped for a set screw. The lever design allowed him to cock the rifle by spinning it around his hand. In addition, the screw could be positioned to depress the trigger every time he worked the lever, allowing for rapid fire, emptying the magazine in under five seconds during the opening credits on North Fork's main street. The trigger-trip screw pin was used in two configurations: with the screw head turned inside (close to the trigger)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18352784", "chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nmay have appeared in every episode, but it was not always fired; some plots did not require violent solutions (for example, one involving Mark's rigid new teacher). McCain attempts to solve as many problems as possible without resorting to shooting, yet still manages to kill 120 villains over the show's five-year run. It is notable that McCain almost never carried a pistol. The rifle was an anachronism, as the show was set 12 years before John Browning designed any such rifle. The rifle used on the set of \"\"The Rifleman\"\", an 1892 Winchester caliber .44-40 carbine with a standard 20-inch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11233554", "chunk_text": "\"Mark L. Young\"\n\"\"ER\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"The Inbetweeners\"\", while his film credits include \"\"Sex Drive\"\", \"\"Happiness Runs\"\", \"\"The Lucky Ones\"\", and \"\"We're the Millers\"\". Mark L. Young Mark L. Young (born Markell V. Efimoff January 1, 1991) is an American actor. He attended LaSalle University in the United States. Markell V. Efimoff born in Everett, Washington, of Russian descent. Young began acting at the age of 9 and moved to Los Angeles when he was 12 to pursue his career. His first significant on-screen credit was a small role in two episodes of the HBO series \"\"Six Feet Under\"\". Young's other notable appearances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15693929", "chunk_text": "\"Al Markim\"\nAl Markim Alfred Markim (born Alfred D. Moskowitz; May 22, 1927 – November 24, 2015) was an American film and television actor, best known for his role as Astro in the 1950s live, sci-fi television series, \"\"Tom Corbett, Space Cadet\"\". His lead character, Astro, was an engineer and scientist from Venus on the show. He transitioned to television production during the 1960s and was inducted into the Video Hall of Fame in 1996. Markim was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He served in the United States Army during World War II and was present at the post-war Nuremberg trials.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15693932", "chunk_text": "\"Al Markim\"\nAl Markim Alfred Markim (born Alfred D. Moskowitz; May 22, 1927 – November 24, 2015) was an American film and television actor, best known for his role as Astro in the 1950s live, sci-fi television series, \"\"Tom Corbett, Space Cadet\"\". His lead character, Astro, was an engineer and scientist from Venus on the show. He transitioned to television production during the 1960s and was inducted into the Video Hall of Fame in 1996. Markim was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He served in the United States Army during World War II and was present at the post-war Nuremberg trials.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "309146", "chunk_text": "\"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre\"\nRanger Hoby Gilman, \"\"Johnny Ringo\"\" (from \"\"Man Alone\"\"), starring Don Durant, both on CBS, \"\"The Rifleman\"\" (from \"\"The Sharpshooter\"\") with Chuck Connors as Lucas McCain on ABC, \"\"The Westerner\"\" on NBC (from \"\"Trouble at Tres Cruces\"\"), starring Brian Keith as Dave Blassingame, and \"\"Black Saddle\"\" (from \"\"Threat of Violence\"\") with Chris Alcaide instead of subsequent series star Peter Breck as the gunfighter-turned-lawyer Clay Culhane), also on ABC. In addition, \"\"\"\", with Steve McQueen playing the bounty hunter Josh Randall, was a CBS spinoff of \"\"Trackdown\"\", and \"\"Law of the Plainsman\"\", starring Michael Ansara as a Harvard-educated, Native American U.S. Marshal,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10547372", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Baldwin\"\nAdam Baldwin Adam Baldwin (born February 27, 1962) is an American actor. He starred in \"\"Full Metal Jacket\"\" (1987) as Animal Mother, as well as in the television series \"\"Firefly\"\" and its continuation film \"\"Serenity\"\" as Jayne Cobb. His roles include Stillman in \"\"Ordinary People\"\" (1980), Colonel John Casey in \"\"Chuck\"\", and Mike Slattery in \"\"The Last Ship\"\". Appearing in a large number of films since 1980, Baldwin rose to prominence as the troubled outcast Ricky Linderman in \"\"My Bodyguard\"\" (1980) and moved on to bigger roles in \"\"D.C. Cab\"\" (1983), \"\"Full Metal Jacket\"\" (1987), \"\"Predator 2\"\" (1990), Deadbolt (1992),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17393495", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Sestero\"\nGreg Sestero Gregory Sestero (born July 15, 1978) is an American actor, model and author. He is best known for his role as Mark in the 2003 cult film \"\"The Room\"\" and for his 2013 memoir \"\"The Disaster Artist\"\" about his life and experience making \"\"The Room\"\". Sestero was born in Walnut Creek, California. His mother is of French and Sicilian descent. He was raised in Danville, California, where he attended Monte Vista High School. At the age of 12, he wrote a sequel to the then-recently released 1990 film \"\"Home Alone\"\" with a leading role for himself. He submitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19736034", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Bruno\"\nDylan Bruno Dylan Bruno (born September 6, 1972) is an American actor and former model. His first major film role was a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's \"\"Saving Private Ryan\"\" (1998), followed by a lead role in the horror film \"\"\"\" (1999). On television, Bruno portrayed FBI agent Colby Granger in \"\"Numbers\"\" and disgraced former Army Ranger Jason Paul Dean in \"\"NCIS\"\". Bruno was born September 6, 1972 in Milford, Connecticut, to actor Scott Bruno and the late Nancy (née Mendillo) Bruno. His older brother is film and television actor, director and producer Chris Bruno. Growing up, the brothers lived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6495619", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Crompton\"\nDelta\"\" by artists Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard, and some character work for a new exhibition \"\"Revolution\"\" at the Museum of Liverpool. Matthew has also completed filming on a new film called \"\"Advance to Contact\"\", which is about soldiers returning from Afghanistan with post traumatic stress disorder. Richard Marson's book celebrating fifty years of \"\"Blue Peter\"\" comments that Crompton once auditioned as a presenter on the show. Matthew Crompton Matthew Crompton (born 17 July 1971) is a British actor, most famous for his role as Sam Harker in ITV's \"\"The Bill\"\". He has also appeared in various other TV shows,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4904794", "chunk_text": "\"Robert L. Crawford Jr.\"\n\"\"Slap Shot\"\" (1977), \"\"The World According to Garp\"\" (1982), and \"\"The Parasite\"\" (1997). In 1959, Crawford's appearance on the CBS anthology series \"\"Playhouse 90\"\" was nominated for \"\"Best Single Performance\"\" on the \"\"11th Primetime Emmy Awards\"\". That year's Emmy Awards also nominated Crawford's younger brother, Johnny Crawford, for his recurring portrayal of Mark McCain, son of Lucas McCain, on \"\"The Rifleman\"\". Robert L. Crawford Jr. Robert Lawrence Crawford Jr. (born May 13, 1944, is an American actor who portrayed the character Andy Sherman on the NBC television series \"\"Laramie\"\" in 1959, 1960, and 1962. He was cast as the younger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10737833", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Stevens (actor)\"\nPaul Stevens (actor) Paul Stevens (January 17, 1921 – June 4, 1986) was an American film and television actor. Stevens played Colonel Charles R. Codman in the 1970 film \"\"Patton\"\". He also appeared in \"\"Exodus\"\", as a key congressional witness in \"\"Advise and Consent\"\" and in \"\"Marlowe\"\". Stevens portrayed Paul on the serial \"\"The Nurses\"\". He appeared on the serial \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" from 1975 to 1976 (as Bruce Henderson) and on the soap opera \"\"Another World\"\" from 1977 to 1985 (as Brian Bancroft). Stevens also played Mendez, one of the leaders of the mutant underground, in \"\"Battle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4696650", "chunk_text": "\"Gareth Morrison\"\nGareth Morrison Gareth Morrison (born 6 December 1981) is Scottish actor, screenwriter and film producer. Morrison appears primarily in horror, thriller and dramatic movies. He is known for his role as a student-demonstrator in TV series \"\"Taggart\"\" and for playing the sniper Potrovsky in a horror movie \"\"\"\". Morrison was born in the Scottish city of Edinburgh. Early in his career, Morrison played a minor role in episode \"\"Cause to Kill\"\" in the TV series \"\"Taggart\"\" in 2005. Morrison again linked up with \"\"Taggart\"\" creator Glenn Chandler eight years later, playing Peter Sutcliffe in Chandler's controversial stage play, \"\"Killers\"\". More", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8446229", "chunk_text": "\"Garret Dillahunt\"\nGarret Dillahunt Garret Lee Dillahunt (born November 24, 1964) is an American actor. He is best known for his work in television for the roles of Simon Escher on \"\"Burn Notice\"\", Burt Chance on the Fox sitcom \"\"Raising Hope\"\", KD on \"\"Hand of God\"\", Ty Walker in the sixth season of \"\"Justified\"\", a terminator in \"\"\"\", Matthew Ross in \"\"The 4400\"\", Jack McCall and Francis Wolcott in \"\"Deadwood\"\", Steve Curtis in \"\"ER\"\", and John Dorie in \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\". In film, Dillahunt has played many major supporting roles in the films \"\"The Believer\"\", \"\"No Country for Old Men\"\", \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20443152", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Connors\"\nhosted by Ronald Reagan, \"\"Wagon Train\"\", \"\"The Restless Gun\"\" with John Payne, \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"Date with the Angels\"\" with Betty White, \"\"The DuPont Show with June Allyson\"\", \"\"The Virginian\"\", \"\"Night Gallery\"\" hosted by Rod Serling, \"\"Here's Lucy\"\" with Lucille Ball, and many others. Connors beat 40 other actors for the lead in \"\"The Rifleman\"\", portraying Lucas McCain, a widowed rancher known for his skill with a customized Winchester rifle. This ABC Western series, which aired from 1958 to 1963, was also the first show to feature a widowed father raising a young child. Connors said in a 1959 interview", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "348955", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Ryan (actor)\"\nPhilharmonic Orchestra. In 1994, Ryan was picked by swordmaster Bob Anderson to assist as sword coach to Richard Gere and Ben Cross in the film \"\"First Knight\"\". Director Jerry Zucker also asked him to play John Challenger during the filming. Before moving to Los Angeles in 1997 Ryan guest starred in many British TV shows including \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Harry, Dempsey\"\" and \"\"Makepeace, Casualty and Peak Practice\"\". He also appeared in films such as \"\"Doomsday Gun\"\" and \"\"Nil By Mouth\"\". While establishing himself in the US he guest-starred in such TV shows as \"\"Frasier\"\", \"\"General Hospital\"\", \"\"Conan the Adventurer\"\", \"\"Passions\"\", \"\"Nuremberg\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5319069", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Sestero\"\nin 2003. Sestero lives in Southern California. Greg Sestero Gregory Sestero (born July 15, 1978) is an American actor, model and author. He is best known for his role as Mark in the 2003 cult film \"\"The Room\"\" and for his 2013 memoir \"\"The Disaster Artist\"\" about his life and experience making \"\"The Room\"\". Sestero was born in Walnut Creek, California. His mother is of French and Sicilian descent. He was raised in Danville, California, where he attended Monte Vista High School. At the age of 12, he wrote a sequel to the then-recently released 1990 film \"\"Home Alone\"\" with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_176	who played ricky in secret life of the american teenager?	n/a	[ "Daren Maxwell Kagasoff" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11148281", "chunk_text": "\"Daren Kagasoff\"\nDaren Kagasoff Daren Maxwell Kagasoff \"\"[KA-guh-sawf]\"\" (born September 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Ricky Underwood on the ABC Family teen drama series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" from 2008 to 2013. Kagasoff was born in Encino, California to Elise Kagasoff (née Levy) and Barry Kagasoff, a diamond merchant. He is the middle of three children; he has an older brother, Justin, and a younger sister, Natalie. Kagasoff graduated from Montclair Preparatory High School in 2005 where he played on his school's baseball team. While attending school at San Francisco State University,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11148278", "chunk_text": "\"Daren Kagasoff\"\nDaren Kagasoff Daren Maxwell Kagasoff \"\"[KA-guh-sawf]\"\" (born September 16, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Ricky Underwood on the ABC Family teen drama series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" from 2008 to 2013. Kagasoff was born in Encino, California to Elise Kagasoff (née Levy) and Barry Kagasoff, a diamond merchant. He is the middle of three children; he has an older brother, Justin, and a younger sister, Natalie. Kagasoff graduated from Montclair Preparatory High School in 2005 where he played on his school's baseball team. While attending school at San Francisco State University,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11148279", "chunk_text": "\"Daren Kagasoff\"\nKagasoff decided to become an actor. After deciding to return to Los Angeles, Kagasoff landed the lead role in a local theater production of \"\"Suburbia,\"\" a play that the eponymous 1996 film was based upon. After studying acting, he began auditioning for television and film roles. During one of his first auditions, he impressed producer Brenda Hampton so much that she hand-picked him to star as Ricky Underwood in the ABC Family series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager.\"\" The show ran for five seasons. It was announced on February 24, 2013 that Kagasoff had been cast as Alex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788126", "chunk_text": "\"Brando Eaton\"\nBrando Eaton Brando Matthew Eaton (born July 17, 1986) is an American film and television actor. He may be best known for his roles in \"\"Dexter\"\", \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\", and \"\"Zoey 101\"\". Brando Matthew Eaton was born on July 17, 1986 in Los Angeles, California where he was raised as an only child by his single mother. He started doing plays at the age of 5, and continued until his later high school years. When graduating High School at the age of 17, he decided to finally start pursuing his passion as a career. Brando left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19074120", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 1)\"\nAmy Juergens, portrayed by Shailene Woodley. Probably the last girl anyone would expect to suffer such a scandalous event, Amy's world begins to expand as she discovers that virtually every student at her high school deals with some secret or unexpected problems, from the religious good-girl Grace to the tough-kid Ricky and to clingy loving Ben. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series received a mixed reception when it began broadcasting. Many mainstream critics praised the messages presented in the series, although it was also criticized for its direction and writing. \"\"New York Post\"\" praised the series for having a set of characters that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11150566", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)\"\nstoryline of the show. Kenny Baumann, the actor who plays Ben Boykewich, confirmed that someone would die in the second season of \"\"Secret Life\"\". The character would be a \"\"significant male character\"\" and the death would be a terrible tragedy. It was later revealed that John Schneider, who portrayed the role as Grace's father, Marshall, left the show due to multiple shows and projects he has. Marshall was written out of the series in \"\"The Big One\"\". Actor Brando Eaton was cast as Ashley's new gay sidekick, Griffin, who has a recurring role in the season. Actress Rumer Willis, appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1668878", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)\"\nThe Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\", an American television series created by Brenda Hampton, debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday, June 22, 2009 at 8:00PM. Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley, India Eisley, Daren Kagasoff, Francia Raisa, Kenny Baumann, Molly Ringwald, Mark Derwin, Megan Park, and Greg Finley II. Following the first season, Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars. Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character's storyline and eventually departed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12697771", "chunk_text": "\"Jorge Pallo\"\nJorge Pallo Jorge Luis Pallo is an American actor of Hispanic descent. He is known for his role as 'Marc Molina' on \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" and for his appearance on \"\"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\"\" also appeared in \"\".\"\" He also played Ignacio \"\"Iggy\"\" Loca on the Syfy channel's \"\"The Lost Room.\"\" Born Jorge Luis Christian Pallo in Queens, New York, he of Puerto Rican and Ecuadorian parentage. Pallo was raised by single mother and once aspiring singer Pat Pallo. Though his mother could never figure out how to pursue a career in the entertainment industry, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19074118", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 1)\"\nThe Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 1) The first season of \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\", an American television series created by Brenda Hampton, debuted on the ABC Family television network on July 1, 2008. The first season comprises 23 episodes, the first eleven of which ended on September 9, 2008. Despite marketing issues, the remaining twelve ended up as part of the first season, which concluded its initial airing on March 23, 2009. Season one regular cast members include Shailene Woodley, Molly Ringwald, Daren Kagasoff, Kenny Baumann, Francia Raisa, Megan Park, India Eisley, Greg Finley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10303259", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Zimmerman\"\nLuke Zimmerman Luke Zimmerman (born September 11, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois, United States) is an American actor, who is best known for his role as Tom Bowman on ABC Family's \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager. Zimmerman was born with Down syndrome. He played Romeo in the play Romeo and Juliet and performed in the 1990 television movie drama \"\"Daughter of the Streets\"\", as Andrew, alongside Roxana Zal, Harris Yulin, and John Stamos. In 2007, Zimmerman tried out for the role of Tom Bowman, Grace Bowman's adopted older brother on \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\", which began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10303260", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Zimmerman\"\nairing in July 2008. He also appeared on Glee in November 2013. Zimmerman was a student at Performing Arts Studio West. Luke Zimmerman Luke Zimmerman (born September 11, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois, United States) is an American actor, who is best known for his role as Tom Bowman on ABC Family's \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager. Zimmerman was born with Down syndrome. He played Romeo in the play Romeo and Juliet and performed in the 1990 television movie drama \"\"Daughter of the Streets\"\", as Andrew, alongside Roxana Zal, Harris Yulin, and John Stamos. In 2007, Zimmerman tried out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9049898", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nfor Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season, and spawned a book entitled \"\"The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens\"\". In season one, fifteen-year-old Amy Juergens finds out that she is pregnant after having sex at band camp with a handsome and popular boy, Ricky Underwood. Amy first confides in her two best friends Lauren and Madison about it. Amy also tells Ben Boykewich (the guy she started dating after becoming pregnant) the truth, but he is surprisingly supportive and offers to marry her anyway, despite the protests of his friends, Henry and Alice. When Ricky finds out he is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1788127", "chunk_text": "\"Brando Eaton\"\nhome at 18 to start his journey into adulthood; working day jobs to keep up with the costs of living and acting classes. Having established a solid resume, Brando has achieved his first major goal of making a living doing what he loves most. He appeared in such films as \"\"\"\"; \"\"\"\" and \"\"The Powder Puff Principle\"\". He played Vince Blake in \"\"Zoey 101\"\". He appeared in \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" as Griffin. He has made numerous appearances on television. Brando Eaton Brando Matthew Eaton (born July 17, 1986) is an American film and television actor. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16619529", "chunk_text": "\"White Boy Rick\"\nfilmgoers gave it a 64% positive score and a 44% \"\"definite recommend\"\". White Boy Rick White Boy Rick is a 2018 American biographical crime drama film directed by Yann Demange and written by Andy Weiss, and Logan and Noah Miller. Based on a true story, the film stars Richie Merritt as Richard Wershe Jr., who in the 1980s became the youngest FBI informant ever at the age of 14. Matthew McConaughey, Bel Powley, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Brian Tyree Henry, Rory Cochrane, RJ Cyler, Jonathan Majors, Eddie Marsan, Bruce Dern, and Piper Laurie also star. The film premiered at the Telluride", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6070083", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nhe cheated and also got back with Kathleen. Amy decided to take John away for the weekend. Amy and Ben kiss one last time. Ricky finally is ready to be a dad and married Amy in the season finale. \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" first aired on ABC Family on July 1, 2008. Season 1 began with 11 episodes broadcast from July 1, 2008, to September 9, 2008. After a hiatus, 12 first-season episodes aired January 5, 2009, through March 23, 2009, despite being marketed as season 2, for a total of 23 episodes. The first season was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7416102", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nSummer TV. Kenny Baumann was nominated for Choice TV Actor Drama and Choice Summer TV Star: Male, Shailene Woodley was nominated for Choice TV Actress Drama and Choice Summer TV Star: Female, Daren Kagasoff was nominated for Choice TV Breakout Star: Male and won Choice Summer TV Star Male, and Molly Ringwald and Mark Derwin were nominated for Choice TV Parental Unit. A Gracie Allen Award was awarded to the show for Outstanding Drama in 2009. In 2010, the show was nominated as a Favorite TV Obsession at the 2010 People's Choice Awards; Shailene Woodley won a 2010 Gracie Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11222226", "chunk_text": "\"Megan Park\"\nMegan Park Megan Park (born July 24, 1986) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Grace Bowman in the television series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\". Born in Lindsay, Ontario, Park began her acting career with small parts starting at age 6. She attended Oakridge Secondary School, in London, Ontario. She was also a part of the Original Kids Theatre program. Her first major roles came with a guest spot on the Lifetime series \"\"Angela's Eyes\"\" and a minor role in the indie movie \"\"Charlie Bartlett\"\". Park completed a guest starring role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12349197", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Tiersten\"\nJonathan Tiersten Jonathan Tiersten (born August 11, 1965) is an American actor and singer, who is mostly known for his role as Ricky Thomas in the 1983 cult classic \"\"Sleepaway Camp\"\". He reprised the role in the 2008 sequel \"\"Return to Sleepaway Camp\"\". In between acting Jonathan took to music, fronting a number of bands, mostly based out of the Fort Collins, Colorado area. Tiersten is currently the lead singer of his own band, Ten Tiers and composed the score to a short starring David Krumholtz (from the TV series \"\"Numb3rs\"\"). Also fronted a band, Gaphiltofunk (Came in just under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6070074", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nchild, a boy whom her sister, Ashley, names John. Amy decides to keep John, after struggling with the decision over the course of the season. Ricky said he would do anything to take care of his new son, John. In season two, Amy's parents Anne and George are divorced, and Anne even begins dating again, but when she becomes pregnant again, it is revealed that the baby is George's. At the same time, Ashley begins her freshman year at Grant High and resents the legacy Amy has accidentally created as a teenage mother so she befriends a gay classmate named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11340256", "chunk_text": "\"William McNamara\"\nWilliam McNamara William West McNamara (born March 31, 1965) is an American film and television actor. Born in Dallas, Texas, McNamara is the son of a professional race car driver for the Ford Motor Company and an interior designer. He attended Columbia University and studied at the Lee Strasberg Institute in New York. He is an animal rights activist. He appeared in the feature films \"\"Texasville\"\", \"\"Stella\"\", \"\"Copycat\"\", \"\"Surviving the Game\"\", and \"\"Stealing Home\"\". On television, he portrayed Montgomery Clift in \"\"\"\" and Ricky Nelson in \"\"\"\", had a regular role on the Showtime series \"\"Beggars and Choosers\"\", was featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16819429", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky Schroder\"\na wealthy and eccentric millionaire, Eddie Stratton. His performance earned him two Young Artist Awards. He struggled with his identity as an actor when \"\"Silver Spoons\"\" ended. Prospective roles were rare, and he was mainly designated to play boyish-looking teenagers or blond-haired heartthrobs. Schroder avoided the vices of other child actors and attempted to establish himself as a more mature actor, dropping the \"\"y\"\" from his first name. His mother enrolled him in Calabasas High School, but Schroder had trouble adjusting to the new environment. In 1988, the year after \"\"Silver Spoons\"\" ended, Schroder starred in a primetime CBS TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15726343", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Baumann\"\neach issue of \"\"No Colony'', and each title published by Sator Press. Ken Baumann Kenneth Robert Tuff \"\"Ken\"\" Baumann (born August 8, 1989) is an American writer, publisher, and book designer. For ten years, he worked in theater, film, and television, becoming most known for playing Ben Boykewich on \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\". He is the author of the novels \"\"Solip\"\" and \"\"Say, Cut, Map\"\", the nonfiction book \"\"EarthBound\"\", as well as various essays, short stories, and poems. He owns and operates Sator Press, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit publishing company, is the series designer for Boss Fight Books,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9276250", "chunk_text": "\"Lil' JJ\"\nCollins, and Pick Boy appeared together on Nickelodeon for special events. Also Lil' JJ has appeared in the ABC television series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\". In 2008, he hosted the variety/sketch DVD \"\"Almost Grown\"\". He appeared on the TNT show, \"\"Men of a Certain Age\"\" as DaShaun and on an episode of \"\"Chelsea Lately\"\". He is also on the TV Series \"\"The Rickey Smiley Show\"\" on TV ONE as Brandon. As of April 18, 2013, Lewis is a member of Omega Psi Phi at Arkansas Baptist College. Lil' JJ James Charles Lewis, III (born October 31, 1990),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7509688", "chunk_text": "\"Anson Williams\"\nAnson Williams Anson Williams (born Anson William Heimlich, September 25, 1949, in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor, singer and director, best known for his role as gullible but well-intentioned singer Warren \"\"Potsie\"\" Weber on the television series \"\"Happy Days\"\" (1974–1984), a role for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Williams has since become a prominent television director, working on programs such as \"\"Melrose Place\"\" (1992–1999), \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" (1990–2000), \"\"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\"\" (1996–2003), \"\"Lizzie McGuire\"\" (2001–2004) and \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11280653", "chunk_text": "\"India Eisley\"\nIndia Eisley India Joy Eisley (born October 29, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Ashley Juergens in the ABC Family television series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\", and her roles as Eve in 2012 film \"\"\"\", Sawa in the 2014 film \"\"Kite\"\", and Audrina in the 2016 television film \"\"My Sweet Audrina\"\". Eisley was born in 1993, to musician David Glen Eisley and actress Olivia Hussey. Her grandfather was actor Anthony Eisley. Eisley and her mother appeared together in the 2005 movie \"\"Headspace\"\". After small roles in various independent films, Eisley gained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15838425", "chunk_text": "\"Renee Olstead\"\nRenee Olstead Renee Olstead (born June 18, 1989) is an American actress and singer. Active since childhood as an actress, she is best known for her roles on the CBS sitcom \"\"Still Standing\"\" and on the drama \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" as Madison Cooperstein. In addition, she has recorded four studio albums, primarily of jazz music. Olstead was born in Kingwood, Texas, to Christopher Eric Olstead and Rebecca Lynn Jeffries. Olstead is of Norwegian ancestry. As a child actress, she made films and commercials from age eight onwards. She also attended Centre Stage theatrical school and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7416082", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nupset that he starts drinking. Grace refused to get out of the car to attend her father's funeral, so Ricky forces her to. Grace's brother Tom has trouble adjusting when their mother decides to remarry again. Adrian begins to reach out to Amy in order to make peace, so Amy, John, and Ricky can be a family with less drama. The season's events culminate with Adrian's cheating on Ricky with Ben on the night of the Mother/Daughter dance, in an attempt to get back at Ricky for kissing Amy. Ricky is angry at both, breaking up with Adrian and refusing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12349199", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Tiersten\"\ncalled the album \"\"surprising\"\" and \"\"simply amazing\"\", rating it 4 out of 4 stars. In 2012 and 2013 Tiersten garnered three best actor awards and was nominated for a fourth for his portrayal of John Doesy in \"\"The Perfect House\"\". Tiersten also recorded a version of the (Grammy Hall of Fame) Mickey & Sylvia song \"\"Love Is Strange\"\" for the remake of Ed Wood's \"\"Plan 9 from Outer Space\"\" called \"\"Plan 9\"\", starring Brian Krause (\"\"Charmed\"\"). Jonathan Tiersten Jonathan Tiersten (born August 11, 1965) is an American actor and singer, who is mostly known for his role as Ricky Thomas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4588945", "chunk_text": "\"White Boy Rick\"\nWhite Boy Rick White Boy Rick is a 2018 American biographical crime drama film directed by Yann Demange and written by Andy Weiss, and Logan and Noah Miller. Based on a true story, the film stars Richie Merritt as Richard Wershe Jr., who in the 1980s became the youngest FBI informant ever at the age of 14. Matthew McConaughey, Bel Powley, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Brian Tyree Henry, Rory Cochrane, RJ Cyler, Jonathan Majors, Eddie Marsan, Bruce Dern, and Piper Laurie also star. The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2018 and was released in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6070073", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nthe father, he is willing to be a part of his future child's life, causing Adrian Lee, Ricky's fling for a while to become jealous, especially since Ricky already has his sights on the sweet and virginal Grace Bowman, who was going out with Jack Pappas until he kissed Adrian in front of Grant High School. Much to Adrian's surprise, Grace is not angry at her after a while, and the two girls become friends despite being romantic rivals. Ricky and Ben also compete with each other for Amy's attention and at the end of the season, Amy has her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17104011", "chunk_text": "\"An American Crime\"\npunished enough. Gertrude ignores her, but the local Reverend (Michael O'Keefe) arrives, hinting that Paula has confessed to him about her pregnancy and Sylvia's ongoing abuse. Gertrude tells him that Sylvia was sent to juvenile. Once the Reverend leaves, Gertrude orders everyone into the basement. In the basement, Gertrude restrains Sylvia on the floor and begins branding the words “I’M A PROSTITUTE AND PROUD OF IT!” on her stomach with a heated needle. When Gertrude is unable to finish, she gives the needle to her teenage neighbor Ricky Hobbs (Evan Peters) and orders him to continue the branding. That night,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15726341", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Baumann\"\nKen Baumann Kenneth Robert Tuff \"\"Ken\"\" Baumann (born August 8, 1989) is an American writer, publisher, and book designer. For ten years, he worked in theater, film, and television, becoming most known for playing Ben Boykewich on \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\". He is the author of the novels \"\"Solip\"\" and \"\"Say, Cut, Map\"\", the nonfiction book \"\"EarthBound\"\", as well as various essays, short stories, and poems. He owns and operates Sator Press, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit publishing company, is the series designer for Boss Fight Books, and co-published \"\"No Colony\"\", a literary journal, with Blake Butler. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9305578", "chunk_text": "\"Francia Raisa\"\nFrancia Raisa Francia Raisa Almendarez (born July 26, 1988) is an American actress. Raisa is known for her roles in \"\"\"\", \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" and \"\"Grown-ish\"\". Raisa was born and raised in Los Angeles, California to mother Virginia Almendárez (née Pelayo) and father Renán Almendárez Coello, an American radio personality. She is of Mexican and Honduran descent. She has two younger sisters. A few years after Raisa was born, her father started using his new Latin radio personality, \"\"El Cucuy\"\". Raisa attended Bishop Alemany High School in Mission Hills, California, where she was a cheerleader. Raisa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10918223", "chunk_text": "\"Robb Wells\"\nRobb Wells Robb Wells (born March 20, 1971) is a Canadian actor and screenwriter best known for portraying Ricky LaFleur on \"\"Trailer Park Boys\"\". Wells was born in Moncton, New Brunswick and moved to Dartmouth, Nova Scotia when he was eight years old. In January 2006, \"\"The Globe and Mail\"\" published an article in which it was revealed that Wells is a distant cousin of the former Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper. In 2004, Wells appeared with John Paul Tremblay and John Dunsworth in the film \"\"Virginia's Run\"\" starring Gabriel Byrne and Joanne Whalley, playing characters similar to their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13689941", "chunk_text": "\"Shailene Woodley\"\nShailene Woodley Shailene Diann Woodley (born November 15, 1991) is an American actress and activist. Brought up in Simi Valley, California, Woodley began modeling at the age of four, and began acting professionally in minor television roles, before gaining two Young Artist Award nominations for her leading roles in the television films \"\"A Place Called Home\"\" (2004) and \"\"\"\" (2005). As a teenager, she rose to fame for her leading role as Amy Juergens on the ABC Family television series \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\" (2008–13), for which she received five Teen Choice Awards nominations. She garnered critical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5604898", "chunk_text": "\"Brady Corbet\"\nBrady Corbet Brady James Monson Corbet (; born August 17, 1988) is an American actor and filmmaker. Corbet is known for playing Mason Freeland in the film \"\"Thirteen\"\", Brian Lackey in the film \"\"Mysterious Skin\"\", Alan Tracy in the 2004 film \"\"Thunderbirds\"\", and Peter in the 2007 film \"\"Funny Games\"\". He has made guest appearances on many television shows. He made his feature film directorial debut with \"\"The Childhood of a Leader\"\" and won Best Debut film and Best Director award at 72nd Venice International Film Festival. Corbet played Derek Huxley, the son of Jack Bauer's (Kiefer Sutherland) new girlfriend,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19517207", "chunk_text": "\"Wes Bentley\"\nWes Bentley Wesley Cook Bentley (born September 4, 1978) is an American actor known for blockbusters and independent films. Bentley is best known for his roles as Ricky Fitts in \"\"American Beauty\"\" (1999), which earned him a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Supporting Actor, Seneca Crane in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2012), Doyle in \"\"Interstellar\"\" (2014) and Eric in \"\"\"\". He was one of four subjects in the documentary \"\"My Big Break\"\" (2009), which covered his fame after \"\"American Beauty\"\" and struggles with substance abuse. Rebuilding his career, he starred in the premiere of \"\"Venus in Fur\"\" by David Ives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16715829", "chunk_text": "\"Ashley Walters (actor)\"\nAshley Walters (actor) Ashley Walters (born 30 June 1982), better known by his stage name Asher D, is an English rapper and actor best known for his star role as Ricky in \"\"Bullet Boy\"\" (2004) and his role as Antoine in \"\"Get Rich or Die Tryin'\"\" (2005). Walters was born in Peckham, south-east London, to Caribbean parents. He was raised by his mother, Pamela Case, a local government officer. He attended St. Georges CE Primary School, Camberwell, from the age of four. Having undertaken classes at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, after leaving school Walters starred in some stage productions.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7712648", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky 6\"\nRicky 6 Ricky 6 is a 2000 film loosely based on the life of Ricky Kasso, a suburban teenager accused of Satanism and murder in the 1980s. The film was written and directed by Peter Filardi, and based on the 1987 book, \"\"Say You Love Satan\"\" by David St. Clair. Vincent Kartheiser played the disturbed protagonist, renamed Ricky Cowen, in the film. The movie also stars Chad Christ, Patrick Renna, Sabine Singh and Emmanuelle Chriqui. Matthew Morin plays the daycare boy. The film won the Audience Prize at the Fantasia Film Festival in 2000. , it has yet to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12605225", "chunk_text": "\"Jordan Fisher\"\nas a guest star on \"\"The Hustler\"\" on Crackle and \"\"iCarly\"\" on Nickelodeon. His first major part was as Grace Bowman's half-brother Jacob on seasons 4 and 5 of ABC Family's \"\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\". He portrayed the recurring character Holden Dippledorf on \"\"Liv and Maddie\"\" on the Disney Channel starting in 2015, and has also appeared in \"\"The Thundermans\"\" and \"\"Teen Wolf\"\". He played the surfer gang leader Seacat in the cable TV movies \"\"Teen Beach Movie\"\" (2013) and \"\"Teen Beach 2\"\" (2015). On \"\"\"\", a live performance of \"\"Grease\"\" televised on Fox, Fisher starred as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14895882", "chunk_text": "\"David Call\"\nDavid Call David Steven Call (born August 14, 1982) is an American actor. Call was born in Issaquah, Washington. He is a graduate student of the Tisch School of the Arts and the Atlantic Theater Company Acting School. Call's first acting role was an uncredited role in the 2005 film \"\"The Notorious Bettie Page\"\", followed by roles in the 2006 films \"\"The Architect\"\" and \"\"Beautiful Ohio\"\". In 2007, he appeared in the romantic drama film \"\"Evening\"\". He guest-starred in the television series \"\"\"\" as Ricky Moss in the episode \"\"Neighborhood Watch\"\", and he appeared on \"\"Army Wives\"\". In 2009, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18961282", "chunk_text": "\"Michelle Hendley\"\nMichelle Hendley Michelle Hendley (born March 23, 1991) is an American actress and YouTube personality. She is known for her role as Ricky in the 2014 film \"\"Boy Meets Girl\"\". Hendley was discovered by filmmaker Eric Schaeffer, who sought a transgender actress to play the lead role in \"\"Boy Meets Girl\"\". Hendley had been documenting her transition on her YouTube video blog. After watching some of the videos, Schaeffer contacted Hendley to discuss the role. Hendley had not previously pursued a career as a performer, but reading the script and discussing the project with the director convinced her that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1418257", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Backer\"\nBrian Backer Brian Backer (born December 5, 1956) is an American former actor who has starred in film and on television. He is best known for his role in the 1982 hit comedy film \"\"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\"\" as shy teenager Mark \"\"Rat\"\" Ratner. He appeared in the 1985 comedy film \"\"Moving Violations\"\" as Scott Greeber and the 1987 comedy film \"\"\"\" as Arnie. Backer's primary television role was on the soap opera \"\"Santa Barbara\"\" in 1990 as A. Bartlett Congdon. He has made guest appearances on such shows as \"\"Charles in Charge\"\" and \"\"Growing Pains\"\". Backer won the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16715837", "chunk_text": "\"Ashley Walters (actor)\"\na security guard in Aberdeen in September 2013. Ashley Walters (actor) Ashley Walters (born 30 June 1982), better known by his stage name Asher D, is an English rapper and actor best known for his star role as Ricky in \"\"Bullet Boy\"\" (2004) and his role as Antoine in \"\"Get Rich or Die Tryin'\"\" (2005). Walters was born in Peckham, south-east London, to Caribbean parents. He was raised by his mother, Pamela Case, a local government officer. He attended St. Georges CE Primary School, Camberwell, from the age of four. Having undertaken classes at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16355346", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Iversen\"\nJeremy Iversen Jeremy Watt Iversen is an American actor, author, and speaker from Manhattan, New York. He is known for his acting project of attending a California high school undercover pretending to be a teenager, about which experience he wrote the bestselling nonfiction book \"\"High School Confidential.\"\" Aside from acting and writing, he speaks to audiences ranging from corporate executives to teenage students about youth and the Millennial Generation. As a child, Iversen attended the elite boarding school Phillips Exeter Academy, attaining \"\"cum laude\"\" with highest honors, and went on to gain dual degrees in international relations and political science", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14888438", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)\"\nin \"\"The Secret Life\"\" as Heather, a pregnant girl in the episode \"\"Knocked Up Who's There?\"\". She interacted with Ben in a way that got Amy jealous. Actor Austin Stowell was cast as Lauren's new boyfriend, Jesse, who has a recurring role in the season. Their relationship sparks the discussion of interracial dating, as Jesse believes that Lauren is not interested in having sex with him because of his race. On Monday, June 22, 2009, \"\"Secret Life\"\" opened its second season with the largest audience so far, posting a series high in Total Viewers with 4.68 million viewers, and second-best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3033700", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky He\"\npursue performing, acting, and singing. On television, Ricky has appeared on The CW's \"\"The Flash\"\", Fox's \"\"Wayward Pines\"\", Freeform's \"\"Beyond\"\", CBC's \"\"The Romeo Section\"\", NBC's \"\"Trial & Error\"\" and Syfy's \"\"The Magicians\"\". He has also appeared in the television films \"\"Christmas Solo\"\" (2017), \"\"A Gift to Remember\"\" (2017), \"\"Looks like Christmas\"\" (2016), and \"\"Blurt\"\" (2018). Ricky He Ricky He is a Canadian actor. He known for his role as Adam in the 2018 Disney Channel musical television film \"\"Freaky Friday\"\". He was born in Vancouver, Canada after his parents emigrated from China in the early 1990's. He attended a drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13734361", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky Schroder\"\nRicky Schroder Richard Bartlett Schroder, Jr. (born April 13, 1970) is an American actor and film director. As a child actor, billed as Ricky Schroder, Schroder debuted in the film \"\"The Champ\"\" (1979), going on to become a child star on the sitcom \"\"Silver Spoons\"\". He has continued acting as an adult, usually billed as Rick Schroder, notably 'Newt' on the western miniseries \"\"Lonesome Dove\"\" (1989) and the crime-drama series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Schroder was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, and raised on Staten Island, New York City. He is the son of Diane and Richard Schroder, both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9049901", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\nGriffin and they both pledge to remain abstinent throughout high school. Ben returns from his summer Italy trip. Meanwhile, Amy struggles to raise John and frequently argues with Ricky over custodial arrangements, especially since Ben is becoming jealous of Ricky's constant presence. Eventually, Ben and Amy break up while Ricky and Adrian have agreed to date officially but Ricky has issues being faithful. Grace loses her virginity to Jack on the same night her father dies in a plane crash and is wracked with guilt. She blamed Jack and herself for her father's death which causes Jack to be so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6632335", "chunk_text": "\"Jared Leto\"\nJared Leto Jared Joseph Leto (; born December 26, 1971) is an American actor, singer, songwriter, and director. After starting his career with television appearances in the early 1990s, Leto achieved recognition for his role as Jordan Catalano on the television series \"\"My So-Called Life\"\" (1994). He made his film debut in \"\"How to Make an American Quilt\"\" (1995) and received critical praise for his performance in \"\"Prefontaine\"\" (1997). Leto played supporting roles in \"\"The Thin Red Line\"\" (1998), \"\"Fight Club\"\" (1999) and \"\"American Psycho\"\" (2000), as well as the lead role in \"\"Urban Legend\"\" (1998), and earned critical acclaim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_177	who had the longest tenure as moderator on meet the press?	n/a	[ "Tim Russert" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527459", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\ncampaign manager to Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the first two terms of the New Deal Administration. Creator Rountree served as its first host, the program's only female moderator to date. She stepped down on November 1, 1953, and was succeeded by Ned Brooks, who remained as moderator until his retirement on December 26, 1965. Spivak became the moderator on January 1, 1966, moving up from his role as a permanent panelist. He retired on November 9, 1975, on a special one-hour edition that featured, for the first time, a sitting president, Gerald Ford, as guest. The next week, Bill Monroe,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958931", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Russert\"\nfor good seating. Mika Brzezinski of MSNBC's \"\"Morning Joe\"\" dubbed the scene \"\"a new low, even for Washington tackiness\"\". Tim Russert Timothy John Russert (May 7, 1950 – June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and also hosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's \"\"The Today Show\"\" and \"\"Hardball\"\". Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presented the NBC News/\"\"Wall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18436305", "chunk_text": "\"Ned Brooks\"\nNed Brooks Ned Brooks (August 13, 1901 – April 13, 1969) was an American television and radio journalist who was moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on television from 1953 until 1965, and earlier on radio. Brooks is the second-longest tenured moderator of the program, after Tim Russert. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, he was raised in Warren, Ohio, and attended public schools there. He was a 1924 graduate of The Ohio State University where he became a member of Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. He began his career in newspaper reporting in Ohio at the \"\"Ohio State Journal\"\" and for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486559", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nPress\"\" from 1989 through December 1, 1991. All this occurred despite the increasing ratings of NBC News' other programs (and those of the network generally) during that period. The program originally aired at noon Eastern Time every Sunday, before moving to a 9:00 a.m. slot by the early 1990s. Network officials, concerned for the show's future, turned to Tim Russert, the network's Washington, D.C., bureau chief. He took over as moderator of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on December 8, 1991, and remained with the program until his death on June 13, 2008, becoming the longest serving moderator in the program's history.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18436306", "chunk_text": "\"Ned Brooks\"\n\"\"Scripps-Howard\"\" newspapers for whom he covered Congress from 1932 until 1947. For five years he was managing editor of the \"\"Youngstown (Ohio) Telegram\"\". He was later a broadcaster for \"\"Three-Star Extra,\"\" carried on NBC radio (but produced by the ad agency for its sponsor, Sunoco). Ned Brooks Ned Brooks (August 13, 1901 – April 13, 1969) was an American television and radio journalist who was moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on television from 1953 until 1965, and earlier on radio. Brooks is the second-longest tenured moderator of the program, after Tim Russert. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958901", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Russert\"\nTim Russert Timothy John Russert (May 7, 1950 – June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and also hosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's \"\"The Today Show\"\" and \"\"Hardball\"\". Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presented the NBC News/\"\"Wall Street Journal\"\" survey on the \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\" during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. \"\"Time\"\" magazine included Russert in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527454", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nthe program debuted during what was only the second official \"\"network television season\"\" for American television. It was the first live television network news program on which a sitting U.S. President appeared; this occurred on the November 9, 1975 broadcast, which featured Gerald Ford. The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Currently, the hour-long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9:00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9448796", "chunk_text": "\"Face the Nation\"\nafter \"\"Face the Nation\"\"'s competitors, NBC's \"\"Meet the Press,\"\" ABC's \"\"This Week\"\", and \"\"Fox News Sunday\"\" all extended their programs to one-hour. The delay came from dispute among the network's affiliate stations. In 2015, Bob Schieffer, the longest-serving moderator in the program's history, retired after 24 years. He was replaced by John Dickerson on June 7, 2015. On February 22, 2018, CBS announced Margaret Brennan as the new host, replacing John Dickerson who served as moderator for less than three years to let him focus on his anchor duties on \"\"CBS This Morning\"\". Brennan is the second female host in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527460", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\npreviously a weekly panelist like Spivak had been years before, took over as moderator and stayed until June 2, 1984. For the next seven and a half years, the program then went through a series of hosts as it struggled in the ratings against ABC's \"\"This Week with David Brinkley\"\". Roger Mudd and Marvin Kalb, as co-moderators, followed Monroe for a year, followed by Chris Wallace (who would later to go on to a much longer run as host of the rival program \"\"Fox News Sunday\"\") from 1987 to 1988. Garrick Utley, then hosting \"\"Weekend Today\"\", concurrently hosted \"\"Meet the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13484505", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Todd\"\nLetters degree from Marymount University in recognition of his work in journalism. Todd is a lifelong fan of the Green Bay Packers and of the Los Angeles Dodgers. As evidenced by numerous posts on his Twitter account, he is also an avid supporter of the Miami Hurricanes football team. Todd is a congregant in the Reform congregation of Temple Rodef Shalom in Falls Church, Virginia. Chuck Todd Charles David Todd (born April 8, 1972) is an American television journalist who is the 12th and current moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He also hosts \"\"MTP Daily\"\" on MSNBC and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3526276", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Todd\"\nChuck Todd Charles David Todd (born April 8, 1972) is an American television journalist who is the 12th and current moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He also hosts \"\"MTP Daily\"\" on MSNBC and is the Political Director for NBC News. Prior to taking the helm of \"\"Meet the Press,\"\" Todd was Chief White House correspondent for NBC and host of \"\"The Daily Rundown\"\" on MSNBC. He also serves as NBC News' on-air political analyst for \"\"NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt\"\" and \"\"Today\"\". Todd was born on April 8, 1972, in Miami, Florida, the son of Lois Cheri (née", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486564", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\n14, 2008. Four days after Gregory's first regular broadcast, on December 18, 2008, NBC News political director Chuck Todd was named contributing editor of \"\"Meet the Press\"\". Throughout Gregory's tenure as moderator, \"\"Meet the Press\"\" experienced significant ratings declines. In the final three months of 2013, the program placed third among the Sunday morning talk shows in total viewership, behind CBS's \"\"Face the Nation\"\" and ABC's \"\"This Week\"\" for the first time since 1992; it also experienced the lowest ratings in the show's entire history among the key 25-to-54 age viewing demographic during this period. NBC management became uncertain as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486562", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\na tribute. Mark Whitaker was named by NBC News as the division's Washington D.C. Bureau Chief and was given \"\"executive oversight\"\" of \"\"Meet the Press\"\". \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\" anchor Brian Williams acted as moderator of the first show following the June 15 tribute to Russert, with the same guests and subject matter that Russert was planning for when he died. Following Russert's death, Tom Brokaw was named the interim moderator through the 2008 general elections. Brokaw followed Russert's tradition by signing off with \"\"We'll be back next Sunday because if it's Sunday, it's \"\"Meet the Press\"\"\"\" (a sign-off that would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1668750", "chunk_text": "\"Martha Rountree\"\nMartha Rountree Martha Rountree (October 23, 1911 – August 23, 1999) was an American pioneering broadcast journalist and entrepreneur. She was the creator and first moderator of a public-affairs program, first on radio as \"\"The American Mercury\"\" from June 24, 1945, and as \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on the NBC television network from November 6, 1947. She is the only female moderator in the seven-decade history of the show. Born in Gainesville, Florida, Martha Jane Rountree was raised in Columbia, S.C. Her father Earl was in sales, at times in real estate, and at other times, selling automobiles, but he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486566", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nwith Jon Stewart (host of Comedy Central's satirical news program \"\"The Daily Show\"\") to replace Gregory, which Stewart later confirmed in a \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" interview, saying, \"\"My guess is they were casting as wide and as weird a net as they could. I'm sure part of them was thinking, 'Why don't we just make it a variety show? On August 14, 2014, Turness announced that Chuck Todd, NBC's chief White House correspondent, would take over the role of moderator on September 7, 2014. On September 28, 2015, MSNBC premiered MTP Daily, a new weekday spin-off also hosted by Todd. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486563", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\ncontinue to be used by his successors as moderator). In September of that year, the show was presented with limited commercial interruption. On August 10, David Gregory moderated the panel discussion during the second half-hour of the broadcast, while Brokaw anchored the first half-hour from the site of the Summer Olympics in Beijing. The following week on August 17, he moderated the entire broadcast. It was also reported on December 1, 2008, that the December 7 broadcast would be Brokaw's last, with Gregory becoming the new permanent host the following Sunday. David Gregory began his tenure as moderator on December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527456", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nfollowed by a roundtable discussion or one-on-two interview with figures in adversarial positions, either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators. Originally a half-hour program for most of its history, the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20, 1992, broadcast. The program also features in-depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories (particularly as part of a segment called the \"\"Data Download\"\", introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator, which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set). \"\"Meet the Press\"\" began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11892396", "chunk_text": "\"Martha Rountree\"\nair before it became commonplace.” Mrs. William Randolph Hearst described Rountree as “a diesel engine under a lace handkerchief.” Martha Rountree Martha Rountree (October 23, 1911 – August 23, 1999) was an American pioneering broadcast journalist and entrepreneur. She was the creator and first moderator of a public-affairs program, first on radio as \"\"The American Mercury\"\" from June 24, 1945, and as \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on the NBC television network from November 6, 1947. She is the only female moderator in the seven-decade history of the show. Born in Gainesville, Florida, Martha Jane Rountree was raised in Columbia, S.C. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13498127", "chunk_text": "\"NBC News\"\ndeath of the influential moderator Tim Russert of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" in June 2008, Tom Brokaw took over as an interim host; and on December 14, 2008, David Gregory became the new moderator of the show until August 14, 2014, when NBC announced that NBC News Political Director Chuck Todd would take over as the 12th moderator of Meet the Press starting September 7, 2014. David Gregory's last broadcast was August 10, 2014. By 2009, NBC had established leadership in network news, airing the highest-rated morning, evening, and Sunday interview news programs. Its ability to share costs with MSNBC and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527453", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nMeet the Press Meet the Press is a weekly American television news/interview program broadcast on NBC. It is the longest-running program in television history, though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6, 1947. \"\"Meet the Press\"\" specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington, D.C., across the country and even the world on issues of politics, economics, foreign policy and other public affairs, along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis. It originates from NBC's bureau in Washington, D.C. (WRC-TV). The longevity of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" is attributable in part to the fact that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15347419", "chunk_text": "\"Lawrence E. Spivak\"\nLawrence E. Spivak Lawrence Edmund Spivak (June 11, 1900 – March 9, 1994) was an American publisher and journalist who was best known as the co-founder, producer and host of the prestigious public affairs program \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He and journalist Martha Rountree founded the program as promotion for Spivak's magazine, \"\"The American Mercury\"\", and it became the longest-running continuous network series in television history. During his 28 years as panelist and moderator of \"\"Meet the Press\"\", Spivak was known for his pointed questioning of policy makers. Lawrence E. Spivak was born June 11, 1900, in New York City. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9448797", "chunk_text": "\"Face the Nation\"\nthe program's history, after Lesley Stahl. She conducted numerous interviews with members of the Trump administration, including former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and House Oversight Committee Chairman Trey Gowdy. Margaret Brennan also serves as the network's senior foreign affairs correspondent. Brennan interviewed Vice President Mike Pence in her last episode before maternity leave. The program has been hosted by ten moderators to date, beginning with Bill Shadel. The current moderator, Margaret Brennan has hosted since February 2018. The following is the list of moderators for \"\"Face the Nation\"\": The program ran 30 minutes for much of its history. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486565", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nto the future direction of the program. A new set was introduced on May 2, 2010, featuring video screens and library-style bookshelves; David Gregory would preview the guests to be featured during each week's broadcast using a large video screen. Different, modified intro music was also introduced, with the \"\"Meet the Press\"\" theme music in a shorter \"\"modernized [style]... the beginning repeated with drum beats\"\" (see \"\"High-definition broadcasting\"\" below for additional information). In response to declining viewership, rumors surfaced in August 2014 that Gregory would be replaced as the program's moderator. NBC News President Deborah Turness apparently had held discussions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8395216", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Russert\"\nLuke Russert Lucas Russert (born August 22, 1985), best known as Luke Russert is an American broadcast news correspondent, who worked for NBC News from 2008 to 2016. His reporting was seen on \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\", \"\"TODAY\"\", NBCNews.com, and MSNBC. He also was a guest anchor on various MSNBC programs, including \"\"Andrea Mitchell Reports\"\" and \"\"Way Too Early\"\". Russert is the son of newsman Tim Russert, who died of a heart attack in 2008 and had been the longest-serving moderator of \"\"Meet the Press\"\", and his wife Maureen Orth, a special correspondent for \"\"Vanity Fair\"\". Russert graduated from St. Albans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8395224", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Russert\"\nbestselling book \"\"Big Russ and Me\"\". Luke Russert Lucas Russert (born August 22, 1985), best known as Luke Russert is an American broadcast news correspondent, who worked for NBC News from 2008 to 2016. His reporting was seen on \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\", \"\"TODAY\"\", NBCNews.com, and MSNBC. He also was a guest anchor on various MSNBC programs, including \"\"Andrea Mitchell Reports\"\" and \"\"Way Too Early\"\". Russert is the son of newsman Tim Russert, who died of a heart attack in 2008 and had been the longest-serving moderator of \"\"Meet the Press\"\", and his wife Maureen Orth, a special correspondent for \"\"Vanity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12256442", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Monroe (journalist)\"\nBill Monroe (journalist) William Blanc \"\"Bill\"\" Monroe Jr. (July 17, 1920 – February 17, 2011) was an American television journalist for NBC News. He was the executive producer and fourth moderator of the NBC public affairs program \"\"Meet the Press\"\" (1975–84), succeeding Lawrence E. Spivak, the program's co-founder and third moderator. Monroe was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and graduated from Tulane University there in 1942. During World War II, Monroe served in the United States Army Air Forces in Europe. Early in his career, Monroe served as the first news director for WDSU-TV, an NBC affiliate, in his hometown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5340453", "chunk_text": "\"Lawrence E. Spivak\"\nhis home. He was widowed in 1983. Spivak died of congestive heart failure at Washington's Sibley Memorial Hospital on March 9, 1994, at the age of 93. Lawrence E. Spivak Lawrence Edmund Spivak (June 11, 1900 – March 9, 1994) was an American publisher and journalist who was best known as the co-founder, producer and host of the prestigious public affairs program \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He and journalist Martha Rountree founded the program as promotion for Spivak's magazine, \"\"The American Mercury\"\", and it became the longest-running continuous network series in television history. During his 28 years as panelist and moderator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12256444", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Monroe (journalist)\"\nseveral other jobs including ombudsman for the \"\"Stars and Stripes\"\", the media platform serving the U.S. military overseas. Monroe was injured in a fall during December 2010 and spent the last three months of his life in a Maryland nursing home. His family stated that he died of complications from high blood pressure. Bill Monroe (journalist) William Blanc \"\"Bill\"\" Monroe Jr. (July 17, 1920 – February 17, 2011) was an American television journalist for NBC News. He was the executive producer and fourth moderator of the NBC public affairs program \"\"Meet the Press\"\" (1975–84), succeeding Lawrence E. Spivak, the program's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12878547", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Todd\"\nby influence. Todd ranked, as of October 2009, right before Mike Wallace as number five. Todd rose to number two as of December 21, 2011, but fell to 90 as of January 9, 2013. On January 11, 2010, Todd became co-host, with Savannah Guthrie, of \"\"The Daily Rundown\"\" on MSNBC, airing weekday mornings from 9:00 to 10:00 a.m. ET. On August 14, 2014, NBC announced that Todd would take over as the host of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" beginning September 7, 2014. While remaining as NBC News political director, Todd left his role as chief White House correspondent as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5968948", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Schieffer\"\nsince 1969, serving as the anchor on the Saturday edition of \"\"CBS Evening News\"\" for 20 years, from 1976 to 1996, as well as the Chief Washington Correspondent from 1982 until 2015, and moderator of the Sunday public affairs show, \"\"Face the Nation\"\", from 1991 until May 31, 2015. From March 2005 to August 31, 2006, Schieffer was interim weekday anchor of \"\"CBS Evening News\"\", and was one of the primary substitutes for Katie Couric and Scott Pelley. Following his retirement from \"\"Face the Nation\"\", Schieffer has continued to work for CBS as a contributor, making many appearances on air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4611253", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Wallace\"\nChris Wallace Christopher W. Wallace (born October 12, 1947) is an American television anchor and political commentator who is the host of the Fox Broadcasting Company/Fox News program \"\"Fox News Sunday\"\". Wallace has won three Emmy Awards and the Dupont-Columbia Silver Baton Award. Wallace has been with Fox News since 2003. As a previous moderator of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on NBC, Wallace is the only person to date to have served as host/moderator of more than one of the major American Sunday morning political talk shows. Wallace was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of longtime CBS \"\"60 Minutes\"\" reporter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19221400", "chunk_text": "\"Face the Nation\"\nFace the Nation Face the Nation is a weekly news and morning public affairs program airing Sundays on the CBS radio and television network. Created by Frank Stanton in 1954, \"\"Face the Nation\"\" is one of the longest-running news programs in the history of television. Typically, the program features interviews with prominent American officials, politicians and authors, followed by analysis from a panel of journalists. Margaret Brennan is the current moderator of \"\"Face the Nation\"\", though former host John Dickerson has substituted during Brennan's maternity leave. The show's full hour broadcasts live from the CBS News Washington, D.C., bureau at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10415456", "chunk_text": "\"George Will\"\ntitled \"\"This Week with George Stephanopoulos\"\". Will was a panelist on \"\"This Week\"\" until his departure from ABC News. Will was also a regular panelist on television's \"\"Agronsky & Company\"\" from 1977 through 1984. On Sunday, March 19, 2017, \"\"Meet the Press\"\" moderator Chuck Todd welcomed Will back as a panelist, stating he had been absent from the program since 1981 and that his return would mark his 52nd appearance. On May 8, 2017, Will was announced as an MSNBC and NBC News political contributor, a paid position in which he is expected to provide regular political input on shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527458", "chunk_text": "\"Meet the Press\"\nby General Foods which began to air the show on the NBC television network with the title shortened to simply \"\"Meet the Press\"\"; the radio version also adopted the new name. Although some sources credit Spivak with the program's creation, Rountree developed the idea on her own, and Spivak joined as co-producer and business partner in the enterprise after the show had already debuted. \"\"Meet the Press\"\" was originally presented as a 30-minute press conference with a single guest and a panel of questioners. Its first guest was James Farley, who served as Postmaster General, Democratic National Committee chairman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2344634", "chunk_text": "\"Media Watch (TV program)\"\ndirectly to camera, detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes (such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards. Over the years, the emphasis has shifted towards the latter. Although most episodes of \"\"Media Watch\"\" focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct, episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance (for instance, media coverage of a recent election). Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of \"\"Media Watch\"\" and remains the longest-running host to date. Following his nine-year tenure, various other journalists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5011033", "chunk_text": "\"David Gregory (journalist)\"\nreleased in September 2015. David Gregory (journalist) David Michael Gregory (born August 24, 1970) is an American television journalist and the former moderator of NBC News' Sunday morning talk show \"\"Meet the Press\"\". Gregory has served as a CNN political analyst since 2016. Gregory was born in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California, and raised in Encino and Van Nuys, the son of Carolyn (née Fitzpatrick), an account manager, and Don Gregory (originally Don Ginsburg), a film and theatrical producer. His father was Jewish and his mother was Irish Catholic. Although he was bar mitzvahed and attended Hebrew school during the week,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5958639", "chunk_text": "\"This Week (U.S. TV program)\"\nPress\"\" and its competitors – \"\"This Week\"\" and CBS' \"\"Face the Nation\"\" – began closing. \"\"Meet the Press\"\" posted its lowest ratings since NBC News correspondent David Gregory became moderator in early February of that year, with the February 1 telecast averaging just 3.9 million viewers. \"\"Face the Nation\"\" averaged 3.33 million total viewers, while \"\"This Week\"\" came in just behind with 3.32 million. \"\"This Week\"\" beat \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on January 11, when George Stephanopoulos interviewed President-Elect Barack Obama. In 2010, Jake Tapper arranged with Bill Adair to get PolitiFact.com to fact check the statements made by panelists and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13739027", "chunk_text": "\"Face the Nation\"\naway from competitors. Face the Nation Face the Nation is a weekly news and morning public affairs program airing Sundays on the CBS radio and television network. Created by Frank Stanton in 1954, \"\"Face the Nation\"\" is one of the longest-running news programs in the history of television. Typically, the program features interviews with prominent American officials, politicians and authors, followed by analysis from a panel of journalists. Margaret Brennan is the current moderator of \"\"Face the Nation\"\", though former host John Dickerson has substituted during Brennan's maternity leave. The show's full hour broadcasts live from the CBS News Washington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12892560", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Brokaw\"\npresidential debate between Barack Obama and John McCain at Belmont University. He reported documentaries for the Discovery Channel and the History Channel and in 2006 delivered one of the eulogies during the state funeral of former President Gerald R. Ford. On June 13, 2008, when NBC interrupted its regular programming to announce the sudden death of NBC News Washington Bureau Chief and \"\"Meet the Press\"\" moderator Tim Russert, Brokaw served as the announcer. A week later, NBC announced that Brokaw would serve as host of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on an interim basis. He was succeeded by David Gregory in December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17783554", "chunk_text": "\"David Gregory (journalist)\"\nDavid Gregory (journalist) David Michael Gregory (born August 24, 1970) is an American television journalist and the former moderator of NBC News' Sunday morning talk show \"\"Meet the Press\"\". Gregory has served as a CNN political analyst since 2016. Gregory was born in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California, and raised in Encino and Van Nuys, the son of Carolyn (née Fitzpatrick), an account manager, and Don Gregory (originally Don Ginsburg), a film and theatrical producer. His father was Jewish and his mother was Irish Catholic. Although he was bar mitzvahed and attended Hebrew school during the week, he also attended Sunday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5968963", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Schieffer\"\nMorley Safer and Chris Matthews at MSNBC. Bob Schieffer Bob Lloyd Schieffer (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist. He is known for his moderation of presidential debates, where he has been praised for his capability. Schieffer is one of the few journalists to have covered all four of the major Washington national assignments: the White House, the Pentagon, United States Department of State, and United States Congress. His career with CBS has almost exclusively dealt with national politics. He has interviewed every United States President since Richard Nixon, as well as most of those who sought the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13503452", "chunk_text": "\"Cleveland–Marshall College of Law\"\npast five years. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $168,538. The average indebtedness of the 73 percent of 2013 Cleveland–Marshall College of Law graduates who took out loans was $81,357. Many notable judges, politicians, and business leaders have graduated from Cleveland-Marshall. The late Tim Russert (lauded television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\") graduated from Cleveland-Marshall in 1976. Carl Stokes, the first African-American mayor of a major U.S. city, graduated from Cleveland-Marshall in 1956 and was admitted to the Ohio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10051836", "chunk_text": "\"George Stephanopoulos\"\nprograms. However, \"\"This Week\"\" beat \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on January 11, 2009, when Stephanopoulos interviewed president-elect Barack Obama. In February 2009, the gap between NBC's \"\"Meet the Press\"\" and its competitors – CBS' \"\"Face the Nation\"\" and ABC's \"\"This Week\"\" – began closing. \"\"Meet the Press\"\" posted its lowest ratings since NBC's David Gregory became moderator in early February, with the show airing Sunday, February 1, averaging just 3.9 million viewers. \"\"Face the Nation\"\" averaged 3.33 million total viewers, while \"\"This Week\"\" came in just behind with 3.32 million total viewers. On April 16, 2008, Stephanopoulos co-moderated, with Charles Gibson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18552931", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Schieffer\"\nBob Schieffer Bob Lloyd Schieffer (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist. He is known for his moderation of presidential debates, where he has been praised for his capability. Schieffer is one of the few journalists to have covered all four of the major Washington national assignments: the White House, the Pentagon, United States Department of State, and United States Congress. His career with CBS has almost exclusively dealt with national politics. He has interviewed every United States President since Richard Nixon, as well as most of those who sought the office. Schieffer has been with CBS News", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9448794", "chunk_text": "\"Face the Nation\"\nAs the first female host of \"\"Face the Nation\"\", Stahl became one of the most recognizable female faces on television. She held the position for eight years before stepping down to focus on \"\"60 Minutes.\"\" In 1991, Bob Schieffer took over as moderator for Lesley Stahl who held the position for eight years. Under Schieffer, ratings boomed and the program extended its half-hour time frame to a full one-hour. Ratings soared to over 3 million viewers every Sunday, as \"\"Face the Nation\"\" surpassed all competitors in the ratings. Schieffer won numerous awards with the program, including two Emmy's for Outstanding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11726254", "chunk_text": "\"Lawrence E. Spivak\"\nSpivak and journalist Martha Rountree created and co-produced the weekly public affairs program \"\"Meet the Press\"\" as radio promotion for \"\"The American Mercury\"\". A television edition began on NBC in November 1947, and separate shows continued until the radio version ceased in 1950. Spivak purchased Rountree's interest in the program in 1953. Spivak sold \"\"Meet the Press\"\" to NBC in 1955 but remained as moderator, producer and panelist. He retired November 9, 1975, after a special one-hour broadcast that featured President Gerald R. Ford and marked the 28th anniversary of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on television. Spivak continued to be a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13499375", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Brokaw\"\nTom Brokaw Thomas John Brokaw (; born February 6, 1940) is an American television journalist and author, best known for being the anchor and managing editor of \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\" for 22 years (1982–2004). He is the only person to have hosted all three major NBC News programs: \"\"The Today Show\"\", \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\", and, briefly, \"\"Meet the Press\"\". He now serves as a Special Correspondent for NBC News and works on documentaries for other outlets. Along with competitors Peter Jennings at ABC News and Dan Rather at CBS News, Brokaw was one of the \"\"Big Three\"\" news anchors in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17783558", "chunk_text": "\"David Gregory (journalist)\"\nPennsylvania Avenue\"\". Gregory was replaced by David Shuster, who was named as the new host for \"\"1600 Pennsylvania Avenue\"\" starting with the December 15, 2008 show. Due to internal fighting among the staff at MSNBC, Gregory was appointed as anchor on MSNBC during the presidential debates and the 2008 election. On November 4–5, he teamed with Rachel Maddow, Eugene Robinson, Chris Matthews and Keith Olbermann as commentators on the presidential election. Gregory became the moderator of \"\"Meet the Press\"\", beginning with the December 14, 2008, episode when he was introduced by interim moderator Tom Brokaw. The ratings fell, and he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10902117", "chunk_text": "\"Keep Posted\"\nKeep Posted Keep Posted (also known as The Big Issue) was a United States public affairs TV series on the now-defunct DuMont Television Network which was sponsored by \"\"The Saturday Evening Post\"\" for its first season. \"\"Keep Posted\"\" was a 30-minute program which aired on DuMont on Tuesdays at 8:30 pm EST (moved to Mondays at 8:30pm EST in the final season) from October 9, 1951, to January 18, 1954. Martha Rountree was the moderator, and Lawrence Spivak and Ray Wood were among the panelists. Both Rountree and Spivak were involved in the creation of \"\"Meet the Press\"\" on NBC.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8906054", "chunk_text": "\"Roger Mudd\"\nby a presidential candidate. In 1980, Mudd and Dan Rather were in contention to succeed Walter Cronkite as the weeknight anchor of the \"\"CBS Evening News\"\". After CBS awarded the job to Rather, Mudd chose to leave CBS News and he accepted an offer to join NBC News. He co-anchored the \"\"NBC Nightly News\"\" with Tom Brokaw from April 1982 until September 1983, when Brokaw took over as sole anchor. From 1984 to 1985, Mudd was the co-moderator of the NBC \"\"Meet the Press\"\" program with Marvin Kalb, and later he served as the co-anchor with Connie Chung on two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_178	who has the talismans in sailor moon s?	n/a	[ "Haruka and Michiru", "Haruka", "Michiru", "Sailor Pluto" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044894", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\nalso returns, now donning her own magical girl identity of Sailor Chibi Moon. The Death Busters eventually discover that Haruka and Michiru hold two of the Talismans and acquire them at the cost of their lives, but Setsuna — who holds the third — revives them. The Talismans create the Holy Grail, allowing Usagi to acquire a second form: Super Sailor Moon. The Death Busters' intentions then change to harvesting Heart Crystals en masse to resurrect the malevolent entity known as Mistress 9. Chibiusa also befriends a sickly girl named Hotaru, unaware that she is the daughter of the Death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044893", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\nreturns to her own time, now freed from the Black Moon Clan's corruption. Some time later, the Sailor Soldiers encounter the Death Busters, an evil organization that is summoning monsters called Daimons to steal Heart Crystals from humans. Their intention is to locate three specific Heart Crystals that contain special Talismans. Joining the Sailor Soldiers are Haruka Tenoh and Michiru Kaioh, who operate as Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune respectively. The two are also seeking the Talismans for different purposes and come into conflict with the other Sailor Soldiers. Sailor Pluto returns to the present day as Setsuna Meioh; Chibiusa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16731598", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nshe is Sailor Moon, a Sailor Guardian destined to fight a group of villains called the Dark Kingdom. Luna also instructs Sailor Moon to find her fellow Sailor Guardians, the princess of an ancestral kingdom on the Moon, and a legendary artifact known as the Silver Crystal. On her journey, Sailor Moon meets her fellow Guardians Sailor Mercury (Ami Mizuno), Sailor Mars (Rei Hino), Sailor Jupiter (Makoto Kino), Sailor Venus (Minako Aino), and a mysterious masked man called Tuxedo Mask (Mamoru Chiba), to whom Usagi is attracted. Later, Usagi and the Sailor Guardians discover that in their previous lives they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677913", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nit turns pink while stored within the brooches of Sailor Moon and Sailor Chibi Moon. Because Chibiusa comes from the future – having eventually inherited the Silver Crystal from Usagi – two versions of it exist in the series. After the first and second story arcs, the owners of the crystals keep them in their respective transformation brooches and only remove them in times of urgent need. The original anime features seven rainbow crystals that had the Seven Great Monsters (the most powerful monsters in the Dark Kingdom) sealed into them. They were sealed within seven separate shards of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10900082", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Uranus\"\nthree powerful Talismans, the other two of which are carried by Sailor Neptune and Sailor Pluto. In the manga, she seems to already know it is a Talisman; in the anime, she does not gain the sword until it is revealed as such. In either case, it is used in her second attack, \"\"Space Sword Blaster\"\" , which fires damaging energy, as well as in physical strikes. Her third and final attack, appearing only in the manga, is called , which uses no item at all. The Uranus Crystal is perhaps her most important possession, as it is her Sailor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16731599", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nwere members of an ancient Moon Kingdom in a period of time called the Silver Millennium. The Dark Kingdom waged war against them, resulting in the destruction of the Moon Kingdom. It turns out that Sailor Moon herself is Princess Serenity, the Princess of the Moon Kingdom, and that she alone has the power to make the Silver Crystal appear and to use its incredible power. Meanwhile, Tuxedo Mask is revealed to be Prince Endymion, the first crown prince of the Earth and Serenity's lover in his previous life. After defeating the Four Kings of Heaven (who turn out to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11590766", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon\"\nEndymion, Mamoru is revealed to be the owner of the Golden Crystal, the sacred stone of the Golden Kingdom. Mamoru and the Soldiers combine their powers with those of the Holy Grail, enabling Usagi to transform into Eternal Sailor Moon and kill Nehelenia. Four of Nehelenia's henchmen, the Amazoness Quartet, are revealed to be Sailor Soldiers called the Sailor Quartet, who are destined to become Chibiusa's guardians in the future; they had been awakened prematurely and corrupted by Nehelenia. In the final arc, Usagi and her friends are drawn into a battle against Shadow Galactica, a group of false Sailor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11590760", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon\"\nLuna and Usagi assemble a team of fellow Sailor Soldiers to find their princess and the Silver Crystal. They encounter the studious Ami Mizuno, who awakens as Sailor Mercury; Rei Hino, a local shrine maiden who awakens as Sailor Mars; Makoto Kino, a tall transfer student who awakens as Sailor Jupiter; and Minako Aino, a young aspiring idol who awakens as Sailor Venus, accompanied by her talking feline companion Artemis. Additionally, they befriend Mamoru Chiba, a high-school student who assists them on occasion as Tuxedo Mask. In the first arc, the group battles the Dark Kingdom. Led by Queen Beryl,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6861252", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nSilver Crystal as possibly the single most powerful artifact in the universe, able to focus the energy of its wielder to perform magnificent feats. However, several artifacts rival it in strength, including the Black Crystal of the Death Phantom, and the Saffer Crystal of Sailor Galaxia. In the fifth series of the anime, the crystal also appears to double as the Star Seed of Sailor Moon, which was hinted at in the \"\"R\"\" movie, and the manga implies that it is her Sailor Crystal. It takes on a multitude of shapes, including round, diamond, rose, heart, star, and lotus, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10846595", "chunk_text": "Chibiusa\nspecial items with which to contact him: the Stallion Reve, for simple communication, and the Crystal Carillon to summon him in battle. Using the latter, fashioned from her old Pink Moon Stick and retaining all its powers, she summons Pegasus by shouting \"\"Twinkle Yell!\"\" This allows Sailor Moon to power up and make her final blow. Furthermore, in the anime only, Sailor Chibi Moon is given the Golden Crystal, which she uses to call on the power of dreams. In the manga, Chibiusa is also briefly entrusted with the Deep Aqua Mirror, Sailor Neptune's Talisman, and can use it to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7245624", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Neptune\"\nIn the anime, she does not gain the mirror until she is revealed as one of the Talisman bearers; in either case, it is used in her second attack, \"\"Submarine Reflection\"\" . In both the anime and manga, she can use to launch an extremely powerful and devastating attack. In the anime, Michiru can also use it through and dispelling illusions, as seen in the SuperS movie. In the manga, she can also use it for astral projection, and lends it to Chibiusa while she and the other Outer Soldiers are away. Chibiusa invokes the Deep Aqua Mirror's strength and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2973905", "chunk_text": "\"Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)\"\nthat appear to be sentient stuffed toy cats, Luna and Artemis, serve as the girls' mentors. The Guardians also encounter Tuxedo Mask, a jewel thief in search of an immensely powerful, mystical Silver Crystal belonging to the Princess of the Moon. While searching for the Princess of the Moon and the Silver Crystal, the initially disparate girls develop a strong bond of friendship, while Usagi also struggles with her feelings for the irksome and mysterious Mamoru Chiba. Later in the series, Metaria and Sailor Moon each get too powerful to be reined in, and the conflict shifts to attempting to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328139", "chunk_text": "\"Death Busters\"\nCrystal while also making attempts to prevent the awakening of Sailor Saturn whom she deemed a threat to her group. After the Witches 5 have all been killed and Mistress 9 had awakened, Kaolinite is given the task to kill the Sailor Guardians herself before the Outer Guardians intervene. This forces Kaolinite to assume her Daimon form prior to being destroyed by Super Sailor Moon's Rainbow Moon Heartache attack. In the first anime adaptation, her role is changed to oversee the initial Death Buster attacks, Kaolinite seeks out the three Talismans to obtain the Legendary Holy Grail. Her Daimons having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16731601", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nby Usagi and the others. A group of villains called the Black Moon Clan, led by Prince Demande, initiate a series of operations while looking for Chibiusa and the Silver Crystal. Chibiusa is revealed to be Sailor Moon's and Tuxedo Mask's daughter from a distant future that has been decimated by the Clan, and is searching for Sailor Moon and the Silver Crystal in order to save her mother. Sailor Moon and her friends accompany Chibiusa to the future, and they meet the Guardian of Time and Chibiusa's friend, Sailor Pluto. Chibiusa is manipulated by Demande's advisor and the true", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4968577", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nUsagi defeats Queen Metaria at the end of season one; and finally in the \"\"R\"\" movie. It is shown as the source of Queen Serenity's power during the age of Silver Millennium, with Usagi Tsukino and Chibiusa each going on to inherit the Crystal in some form. However, it is also shown in the \"\"S\"\" movie that the power of all the Senshi working in unison allows Sailor Moon to use the Crystal's full strength without the result being fatal (although she was still exhausted afterwards from using it). Both the anime, manga and second anime series commonly portray the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12204809", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie\"\naway, the six Super Sailor Guardians and three Outer Sailor Guardians watch the sun rise. Originally, Kunihiko Ikuhara envisaged that Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune were going to be the main characters in the \"\"SuperS\"\" film, and it was going to be independent of the main series. Sailor Neptune was going to be in a deep sleep at the end of the world, and Sailor Uranus would have had to steal the talismans from the Sailor Soldiers to revive her. However, both Ikuhara and producer Iriya Azuma left the series. Ikuhara's concepts were later used in \"\"Revolutionary Girl Utena\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11673113", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon S: The Movie\"\nJust before Kaguya could kill the Sailor Scouts, Sailor Moon arrives and tries to talk her out of her plot. Wanting more strength, she activates the mighty powers of the legendary Holy Grail to evolve into Super Sailor Moon, but is easily overpowered by Snow Queen Kaguya. Determined to protect the Earth and its people, Usagi prepares to activate the Legendary Silver Crystal's immense energy and power. The eight Sailor Guardians, along with Sailor Chibi Moon, combine their own strength and Sailor abilities at once to further strengthen the healing power of the Legendary Silver Crystal, destroying Snow Queen Kaguya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13969100", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Venus\"\npowerful attack. In the manga she also gains the Venus Crystal, which is her Sailor Crystal and the source of all of her power. In the live-action series, she is given a tambourine-like weapon (the Sailor Star Tambo) by Artemis. Also in the live-action series, once Minako discovers her true potential as a Guardian, she uses the attack \"\"Rolling Heart Vibration\"\", a heart-shaped beam of rainbow energy, but only uses it once. She used the attack much earlier in the manga. In the transition between the \"\"Sailor V\"\" and \"\"Sailor Moon\"\" series, Minako's basic character design did not change—in fact,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11590764", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon\"\n90 to Earth to merge with the planet. Tomoe's daughter, Hotaru, is possessed by the entity Mistress 9, who must open the dimensional gateway through which Pharaoh 90 must travel. Auto-racer Haruka Tenoh and violinist Michiru Kaioh appear as Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune, who guard the outer rim of the Solar System from external threats. Physics student Setsuna Meioh, Sailor Pluto's reincarnation, joins the protagonists. Usagi obtains the Holy Grail, transforms into Super Sailor Moon, and attempts to use the power of the Grail and the Silver Crystal to destroy Pharaoh 90. This causes Hotaru to awaken as Sailor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16176435", "chunk_text": "\"Death Busters\"\nstill exists and is inhibiting the entity from leaving her body, managing to thwart her by forcing her to leave his body to restore the souls of the Inner Guardians and Chibiusa to their bodies. Mistress 9 attempts to steal Sailor Moon's Silver Crystal before Sailor Chibimoon arrives, both assuming their Super forms to overwhelm Mistress 9. But when Pharaoh 90 fully manifests, Mistress 9 allows herself to be assimilated into her master with Sailor Saturn later manifesting from what remained of Mistress 9. In the anime, Mistress 9 makes her presence known early as she occasionally controls Hotaru to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044895", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\nBusters' leader, Professor Tomoe. Unknown to her, Hotaru is also Sailor Saturn, a Sailor Soldier capable of destroying and rebirthing entire planets. Haruka, Michiru and Setsuna fear that her awakening will result in Earth's destruction and plead for Usagi to kill her. Mistress 9 is revealed to have been residing within Hotaru's body and awakens upon stealing Chibiusa's Heart Crystal. She then tricks Usagi into handing over the Holy Grail, allowing her to summon Pharaoh 90 to destroy the Earth. Hotaru awakens as Sailor Saturn and intends to sacrifice herself to stop Pharaoh 90, but Usagi is able to activate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677904", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nlost prince. The harp's main power is the ability to heal people and the land. Other than the healing powers, the exact effect of playing the harp is unclear, but it often causes her Silver Crystal to feed the power of Queen Metaria, accelerating the devastation of the planet. As with other characters unique to the live-action series, Takeuchi designed Princess Sailor Moon's outfit. Her sailor outfit is considerably more elaborate than Sailor Moon's, and included pearls on her gloves and lace on her skirt. In fact, there a very similar design on the back cover of \"\"Sailor Moon: Short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044900", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\nhuman's life force). Usagi is also aided by the Sailor Starlights — Kou Seiya (Sailor Star Fighter), Kou Taiki (Sailor Star Maker), and Kou Yaten (Sailor Star Healer) — who disguise themselves as an idol group named the Three Lights. The Starlights are searching for their ruler, Princess Kakyuu. A young girl — nicknamed Chibichibi because of her inability to say anything other than \"\"chibi\"\" — also appears and begins living with Usagi. Sailor Galaxia's past is eventually revealed. She once ended the Sailor Wars by sealing Chaos — the source of all malice — within her body. Unable to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16731600", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nbe Endymion's loyal knights in the past) and killing their leader Queen Beryl, the Sailor Guardians confront a brainwashed Endymion and the ruler of the Dark Kingdom — Queen Metaria. To prevent Metaria from spreading darkness all over the Earth, the Guardians sacrifice their lives. Using the power of the Silver Crystal, Sailor Moon destroys Metaria and resurrects her friends. After Sailor Moon restores the Earth to normal and prepares to live a normal life again with Mamoru and her friends, a little girl falls from the sky, claiming to have the same name as Usagi, but nicknamed as \"\"Chibiusa\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7245623", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Neptune\"\nEnglish names (like those of the other Sailor Soldiers), each is also given kanji in the manga to denote the meaning to Japanese readers. For example, her first attack, \"\"Deep Submerge\"\", is given kanji which translate precisely to and . The intended English pronunciation is given in furigana. This is Sailor Neptune's primary attack for most of the anime series. In the manga, Michiru owns a special hand mirror which supplements her precognition. This turns out to be the Deep Aqua Mirror, one of three powerful Talismans, the other two of which are carried by Sailor Uranus and Sailor Pluto.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6861233", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nblue \"\"sailor fuku\"\" uniform; white and reddishpink gloves and boots; and crescentmoon earrings. She also wears red hairpieces and white barrettes resembling feathers, both of which can be used for minor attacks. Her personality is no different from when she is a civilian, though her Sailor Moon form has certain powers. The names for Sailor Moon's attacks center around the moon, love, mystery and light. Starting out as a frightened, reluctant girl often in need of help, she gradually accepts her full identity. She eventually becomes the most powerful Sailor Soldier in the galaxy, but her capacity for caring for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11590765", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon\"\nSaturn, whom Haruka, Michiru, and Setsuna initially perceive as a threat. As the harbinger of death, Hotaru uses her power of destruction to sever Pharaoh 90 from the Earth and instructs Setsuna to use her power over time-space to close the dimensional gateway. In the fourth arc, Usagi and her friends enter high school and fight against the Dead Moon Circus, led by Queen Nehelenia, the self-proclaimed \"\"rightful ruler\"\" of both Silver Millennium and Earth. Nehelenia invades Elysion, which hosts the Earth's Golden Kingdom, capturing its High Priest Helios and instructing her followers to steal the Silver Crystal. As Prince", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "997275", "chunk_text": "\"Tuxedo Mask\"\npower. Now an evil parody of himself, Dark Prince Endymion, he almost kills Sailor Mercury when Sailor Moon was forced to kill him to stop Metaria, causing Sailor Moon to kill herself but they survive. However they were saved. Mamo’s pocket watch stops the sword from through Sailor Moon. His knights from a past life’gems saves him though the knights were killed. He revives once Sailor Moon manages to finally control the Crystal's power and destroys Metaria for good. As a character with different incarnations, special powers, transformations, and a long lifetime spanning the Silver Millennium era and the 30th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044901", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\nresist Chaos's influence, she separated her Star Seed from her body, and it took the form of Chibichibi. Sailor Galaxia steals the Star Seeds of Usagi's companions, resulting in their deaths. This includes Mamoru who was targeted before he arrived in the United States. Chibichibi transforms into the Sword of Sealing and urges Usagi to kill Sailor Galaxia. However, Usagi instead uses the kindness in her own heart to free Sailor Galaxia of Chaos's corruption, effectively resurrecting all of the Sailor Soldiers whose Star Seeds were taken. With normalcy restored, Usagi and Mamoru share a kiss under a full moon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3382755", "chunk_text": "\"Tuxedo Mask\"\nSailor Chibi Moon: \"\"Pink Sugar Tuxedo Attack.\"\" The musicals reproduce this attack, and in the second anime, he gradually learns to use it over the source of the first season. Mamoru's most important magical possession in the manga, the Golden Crystal, serves as both his star seed and as the Sailor Crystal of the Earth. He uses it in combination with Sailor Moon's Silver Crystal to defend the solar system. In the anime, although Mamoru has the \"\"golden star seed\"\" of Earth, it differs from the Golden Crystal, which instead is possessed by Pegasus and can be used by people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18254848", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Jupiter\"\nthem as a projectile weapon if she needs to. When they first meet in the manga, Usagi thinks the roses have a nice fragrance, and late in the anime the sight of them brings her back from temporary memory loss because it reminds her of Tuxedo Mask. Much more important, in the manga, are the Jupiter Crystal and Leaves of Oak. The former is Makoto's Sailor Crystal and the source of all of her power, which becomes especially important in the fifth story arc. In the live-action series, she frequently uses unnamed electric attacks, and is given a tambourine-like weapon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15164773", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Venus\"\nuse of a special chain as a weapon, and she also has a few attacks with \"\"crescent\"\" in their names, mainly acquired during her time as Sailor V. Sailor Venus is the \"\"de jure\"\" leader of the Sailor Soldiers in their mission to protect Princess Serenity. In the manga, as the leader, she is entrusted with the poisonous sword used to kill Queen Beryl, which turns the stone blade into a sword made of Silver Crystal. In the live-action series only, upon her introduction, Sailor Venus's sailor suit is slightly different, in order to represent her disguise as the Moon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15164771", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Venus\"\nfront bow, elbow fittings on her gloves, skirt, earrings, and a matching set of orange ankle-strap heels), navy blue (front bow) and yellow (tiara gem and back bow), and retains the red bow she wears as a civilian. In the live-action series, this bow appears only when she is in one of her Guardian forms, and has a gem in the center. In the manga, live-action series and \"\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\", she wears an item called the Wink Chain around her waist, which she sometimes uses as a weapon. She is given specific titles throughout the various series, including Soldier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16731602", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nmastermind of the Clan, Death Phantom, and transforms into Black Lady. Demande manages to obtain the Silver Crystals of the past and the future and is about to bring them together when Sailor Pluto stops time to prevent the universe from being destroyed by this act, leading to her own death. Black Lady is shocked to see her friend die and reverts to her true self, transforming into Sailor Chibi Moon. While Demande dies protecting Sailor Moon from Death Phantom, the latter is destroyed by the combined powers of Sailor Moon and Sailor Chibi Moon. After students from the prestigious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677903", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nUsagi initially succeeds but avoiding negative thoughts. However, when she is forced to kill a possessed Mamoru, Serenity overcomes Usagi's resistance and transforms into Princess Sailor Moon. Serenity even summons her own minions to fight the other Sailor Guardians to prevent them from stopping her. Princess Sailor Moon successfully destroys the world once again, but Serenity eventually realizes the extent to which she is responsible for this. Princess Sailor Moon has a sword that can deflect enemy attacks or unleash devastating projectiles. The sword also doubles as a harp with invisible strings that Princess Sailor Moon plays while mourning her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4968575", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nbrooch is permanently upgraded allowing her to become Eternal Sailor Moon directly. Most of the anime adaptations' transformation sequences involve the use of shiny red or pink ribbons that fly out of her brooch and form her uniform. Feathers and wings also figure prominently in some sequences, particularly the transformation into Eternal Sailor Moon. As the protagonist and leader, Usagi has the most special powers of any character in the series. Her physical attacks, usually one-offs and not always successful, include the occasional use of her hair pins as projectile weapons. One of her techniques is the , which involves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2758068", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie\"\nwith fire. Hearing her mental cry, the other seven Guardians send their power and strength to Usagi, awakening Chibiusa and allowing them to finally obliterate Badiane with their \"\"Moon Gorgeous Meditation\"\" technique. After the battle, Marzipan Castle is destroyed, and with Perle's help, the six Super Sailor Guardians and three Outer Sailor Guardians escape. The airships, each carrying children, return to Earth. Later, at a beach, Perle gives Chibiusa his glass flute, telling her that he is the fairy who protects children's dreams, and will always be with her, and Chibiusa kisses him goodbye on the cheek. As Perle flies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2973915", "chunk_text": "\"Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series)\"\nthe original anime and manga, there were scenes involving Ami and a cassette tape. In the new version, the tape is replaced by a MiniDisc. Instead of a transformation pen and communicators, each Guardian is given a bracelet and a magical camera phone. Also, their secret hideout is not hidden in a video arcade, but rather in a magic karaoke room. With the new adaptation of the show, certain characters were modified to give it freshness and originality. New characters and plot additions include Sailor Luna, Dark Sailor Mercury, and Princess Sailor Moon. A new antagonist, Mio Kuroki, is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677884", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\nand Usagi is the only one known to have a sibling. Usagi has a boyfriend named Mamoru Chiba (also known as Tuxedo Mask). Mamoru and Usagi's relationship is a significant part of Usagi's personal life, as well as the series as a whole. Mamoru and Usagi date for a long time in the series and the love they share helps her through many challenges. In the anime adaptation, Mamoru gives Usagi a heart-shaped promise ring just before he leaves for America. The ring represents a promise to Usagi that they will eventually marry. Once she forms the Sailor Soldiers, Usagi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7946391", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Mercury\"\nfor a tune that had none. In the manga, Ami's mother is revealed to be fairly rich, as they live in a condominium. Ami is shown testing the strength of a sword that the Sailor Soldiers received on the Moon by using it to chip a diamond ring. (Classically, a diamond is the hardest mineral.) When the girls panic, she calms them by saying that her mother has many more. In the live-action series, Ami is especially shy and usually wears glasses while in public, even though she does not need them. At her middle school, she has no friends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "997274", "chunk_text": "\"Tuxedo Mask\"\nSilver Crystal. Once he regained his memories of his past and present lives, he assumed his Endymion form to help the Sailor Guardians and tried his best to protect Usagi from the dangers of overusing the Silver Crystal. However, because of his dedication he has to join the Dark Kingdom or the Four Kings of Heaven will be killed. He also joins to keep a promise with Usagi that they will not destroy the planet. Learning that the Silver Crystal made Metaria stronger every time Sailor Moon used it, Endymion took Metaria into his body before succumbing to its dark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328149", "chunk_text": "\"Death Busters\"\nherself by unleashing the powers of the Legendary Holy Grail and the Silver Crystal while within the entity. But the gambit caused the Outer Guardians' Talismans to resonate and awaken Sailor Saturn, who uses her \"\"Death Reborn Revolution\"\" to weaken Pharaoh 90 but stayed her hand from killing him when Sailor Moon emerged unharmed. The dying Pharaoh 90 attempts to flee back into the Tau System as Saturn gives chase, having Sailor Pluto use her \"\"Dark Dome Close\"\" to seal the dimensional distortion and trap Pharaoh 90 within his dying world. Like all of the head villains in the manga,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5841943", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Mercury\"\nthe manga's first arc. All of these devices gradually fall out of use as the series progresses. In the live-action series, like most of the other Sailor Guardians, she receives a tambourine-like weapon called the Sailor Star Tambo. She is one of two Sailor Guardians to use it for a named attack (\"\"Mercury Aqua Storm\"\"), and later can transform it into a sword. She also creates swords out of water, both as Sailor Mercury and as Dark Mercury. In the manga, the Mercury Crystal and Mercury Harp are among her most significant magical possessions. The former is her Sailor Crystal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18669842", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nMugen Academy become victims of a group of villains called the Death Busters, who transform them into Daimons, Usagi and their friends meet two Mugen Academy students: car racer Haruka Tenoh and violinist Michiru Kaioh. Haruka and Michiru are the civilian identities of two new Sailor Guardians: Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune, who are initially reluctant to work with Sailor Moon and the others. Chibiusa befriends a mysterious girl named Hotaru Tomoe, daughter of Mugen Academy founder Professor Tomoe, who is later revealed to be a key figure of the Death Busters. Sailor Pluto is reincarnated as university student Setsuna", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044887", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\nas Queen Metaria. They also seek the , a gem capable of limitless power. As Usagi battles against the Dark Kingdom, she is joined by other girls also awakening as Sailor Soldiers: the timid but intelligent Ami Mizuno (Sailor Mercury), the hot-headed miko Rei Hino (Sailor Mars), the tomboyish but romantic Makoto Kino (Sailor Jupiter), and the aspiring idol Minako Aino (Sailor Venus). Minako is joined by Artemis, her feline advisor and Luna's partner. The Sailor Soldiers are often supported by the mysterious Tuxedo Mask whose civilian form is Mamoru Chiba, a college student with whom Usagi eventually becomes romantically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677900", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (character)\"\n\"\"Sailor Stars\"\" during the fight with the fully possessed Galaxia when she grabs the Sword of Sealing. It remains unclear if this power comes from her past life, if it belongs to Usagi herself, or if it came from Pegasus and the Sword of Sealing. Princess Sailor Moon is a powerful combination of Sailor Moon and Princess Serenity that only exists in the live-action series. She is introduced when Usagi is possessed by the spirit of her former self. She originally appears after Queen Beryl takes the shitennou hostage in exchange for Mamoru. Sailor Moon transforms into Princess Sailor Moon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18669843", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon Crystal\"\nMeioh, and she joins Sailors Uranus and Neptune. Using the power of all the Sailor Guardians, Usagi gains a new transformation: Super Sailor Moon. The Sailor Guardians learn that Hotaru's body is host to Mistress 9, partner of the leader of the Death Busters, Master Pharaoh 90. At the same time, Hotaru is also the reincarnation of the Guardian of Silence, Sailor Saturn, who has the power to destroy the whole world. For this reason, Sailors Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto fear Saturn's awakening. In the climatic battle, Pharaoh 90 begins to merge himself with the planet, but the newly awakened", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18044888", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Moon (TV series)\"\ninvolved. After continually thwarting the Dark Kingdom and defeating several of its generals, Usagi awakens as the moon princess — Princess Serenity — and acquires the Silver Crystal. However, Mamoru is captured by the Dark Kingdom and brainwashed to work for them. The Sailor Soldiers learn of their past lives on Silver Millennium, an ancient kingdom on the moon. The Sailor Soldiers served as Serenity's friends and bodyguards, and Serenity fell in love with a prince from Earth named Endymion (Mamoru's past identity). However, the Dark Kingdom attacked and destroyed Silver Millennium, resulting in the deaths of Serenity, Endymion, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328152", "chunk_text": "\"Death Busters\"\nMagus level. Kaolinite would later revive the Witches 5 as Mugen Academy's first line of defense when the Sailor Guardians storm the school. In the anime, the Witches 5 are led by Professor Tomoe and work as researchers in an underground lab and compete amongst themselves for his approval. While first given the task to search for the Talismans until Eudial's death, altering the \"\"Witches 5\"\" sign on their door to reflect the number of remaining members, the remaining Witches 5 members are later instructed by Mistress 9 to find \"\"pure hearts\"\" instead. In the Cloverway English adaptation, the name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9274682", "chunk_text": "\"Sailor Venus\"\nsmooth gloves, but in the anime it was sleeveless with ring-topped gloves. Occasionally in the manga, tiny, ornamental crescent moon charms were visible on the straps of the indigo high-heeled shoes accompanying this outfit, albeit the presence of these charms often varied from illustration to illustration. The anime added a second layer to her shoulder guards, omitted the crescent Moon that is normally visible on her forehead, and added a second stripe to her collar. In the live-action series, the bow on Sailor V's chest was made dark pink, like the red parts of Sailor Moon's costume, but her mask", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_179	when was where have all the flowers gone written?	n/a	[ "1955" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15258016", "chunk_text": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\nWhere Have All the Flowers Gone? \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in \"\"Sing Out!\"\" magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical \"\"where?\"\" and meditation on death place the song in the \"\"ubi sunt\"\" tradition. In 2010, the \"\"New Statesman\"\" listed it as one of the \"\"Top 20 Political Songs\"\". The 1964 release of the song as a Columbia Records Hall of Fame series 45 single,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15857399", "chunk_text": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\na special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have \"\"qualitative or historical significance.\"\" Where Have All the Flowers Gone? \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in \"\"Sing Out!\"\" magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical \"\"where?\"\" and meditation on death place the song in the \"\"ubi sunt\"\" tradition. In 2010, the \"\"New Statesman\"\" listed it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15857398", "chunk_text": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\nof the first in May 1960 in Bloomington, Indiana. In 2010, the \"\"New Statesman\"\" listed it as one of the \"\"Top 20 Political Songs\"\". The song appeared on the compilation album \"\"Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits\"\" (1967) released by Columbia Records as CS 9416. Pete Seeger's recording from the Columbia album \"\"The Bitter and the Sweet\"\" (November 1962), CL 1916, produced by John H. Hammond was also released as a Columbia Hall of Fame 45 single as 13-33088 backed by \"\"Little Boxes\"\" in August, 1965. Pete Seeger's recording of his composition was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15857396", "chunk_text": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\n13-33088, by Pete Seeger was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 in the Folk category. Seeger found inspiration for the song in October 1955 while he was on a plane bound for a concert at Oberlin College, one of the few venues which would hire him during the McCarthy era. Leafing through his notebook he saw the passage, \"\"Where are the flowers, the girls have plucked them. Where are the girls, they've all taken husbands. Where are the men, they're all in the army.\"\" These lines were taken from the traditional Cossack folk song \"\"Koloda-Duda\"\", referenced in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20006935", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Flower\"\nfilm \"\"The War Between Men and Women\"\", the film takes much from Thurber's life and stories. Lemmon's character - based strongly on Thurber himself - tries to show what creativity means to his stepdaughter using \"\"The Last Flower\"\" as the example. The story does have similarities to the protest song \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\", which offers a similar cycle, even though Thurber's work dates from 1939 and the song was written around 1956 by Pete Seeger; Seeger's song was inspired by a short piece in \"\"And Quiet Flows the Don\"\" the novel by Mikhail Sholokhov. Bertold Hummel and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984760", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Hickerson\"\nJoe Hickerson Joe Hickerson (born October 20, 1935 in Highland Park, Illinois) is a noted folk singer and songleader. A graduate of Oberlin College, for 35 years (1963–1998) he was Librarian and Director of the Archive of Folk Song at the American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress. Joe is known for bringing together the original Russian text and his own verses to create the basis for \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" in collaboration with Pete Seeger, and for participating in the first LP recording of \"\"Kumbayah\"\". He is currently active as a lecturer, researcher, and performer, especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12081438", "chunk_text": "\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\nthe Mikhail Sholokhov novel \"\"And Quiet Flows the Don\"\" (1934), which Seeger had read \"\"at least a year or two before\"\". In a 2013 interview, Seeger explained that he borrowed the melody from an Irish lumberjack song with the words 'Johnson says he'll load more hay.' He simply slowed the tune and incorporated it to the lines. Seeger created a song which was subsequently published in \"\"Sing Out\"\" in 1962. He recorded a version with three verses on \"\"The Rainbow Quest\"\" album (Folkways LP FA 2454) released in July 1960. Later, Joe Hickerson added two more verses with a recapitulation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984761", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Hickerson\"\nin New York State, Michigan, and the Chicago area. As of 2013 he is living in Portland, Oregon. \"\"The Wobblies\"\" 1979 (song performer) Joe Hickerson Joe Hickerson (born October 20, 1935 in Highland Park, Illinois) is a noted folk singer and songleader. A graduate of Oberlin College, for 35 years (1963–1998) he was Librarian and Director of the Archive of Folk Song at the American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress. Joe is known for bringing together the original Russian text and his own verses to create the basis for \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" in collaboration with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3350214", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Seeger\"\nblacklist period of the late 1950s and early 1960s, Seeger worked gigs as a music teacher in schools and summer camps, and traveled the college campus circuit. He also recorded as many as five albums a year for Moe Asch's Folkways Records label. As the nuclear disarmament movement picked up steam in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Seeger's anti-war songs, such as, \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" (co-written with Joe Hickerson), \"\"Turn! Turn! Turn!\"\", adapted from the Book of Ecclesiastes, and \"\"The Bells of Rhymney\"\" by the Welsh poet Idris Davies (1957), gained wide currency. Seeger also was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17140013", "chunk_text": "\"The Kingston Trio\"\nMcKuen (\"\"Ally Ally Oxen Free\"\", \"\"The World I Used to Know\"\") and Billy Edd Wheeler (\"\"Reverend Mr Black\"\"). Best of all, in 1962 they introduced listeners to one of the most poignant songs ever written, the anti-war ballad \"\"Where Have All The Flowers Gone?\"\" by Pete Seeger, formerly with the Weavers. Further, Peter Dreier points out that \"\"the group deserves credit for helping to launch the folk boom that brought recognition to older folkies and radicals like Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, and for paving the way for newcomers like Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Phil Ochs, who were well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14717859", "chunk_text": "\"And Quiet Flows the Don\"\nlibretto adapted by his brother Leonid. Premiered in October 1935, it became wildly popular after Stalin saw and praised it a few months later. The opera was proclaimed a model of socialist realism in music and won Dzerzhinsky a Stalin Prize. The lyrics for the folk song \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" by Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson were adapted from a cossack folk song mentioned in \"\"And Quiet Flows the Don\"\". And Quiet Flows the Don And Quiet Flows the Don or Quietly Flows the Don (, literally \"\"Quiet Don\"\") is an epic novel in four volumes by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13789250", "chunk_text": "\"Merry Hell\"\nPals project, collaborating with other folk artists including Lucy Ward, Christine Collister and Robb Johnson on a version of Pete Seeger's song \"\"Where Have All The Flowers Gone\"\" to mark the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War. Merry Hell's third full-length album, \"\"The Ghost In Our House and other stories ...\"\" was released in early 2015 and features a guest appearance by guitarist Gordon Giltrap. The band's fourth album \"\"Bloodlines\"\" followed in late 2016. Merry Hell Merry Hell is an English folk rock band from Wigan, Greater Manchester, formed in 2010. The core members of the band", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4557115", "chunk_text": "\"The Tragedy of the Street of Flowers\"\nThe Tragedy of the Street of Flowers The Tragedy of the Street of Flowers (Portuguese: \"\"A Tragédia da Rua das Flores\"\") is a novel by José Maria de Eça de Queirós (1845 - 1900), also known as Eça de Queiroz. It was only first published in Portuguese in 1980. The first English version, translated by Margaret Jull Costa, was published by Dedalus Books in 2000, to coincide with the centenary of the author’s death. This novel was written between 1877 and 1878 in Newcastle upon Tyne, where Eça was the Portuguese Consul. It was discovered amongst his papers after his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20745121", "chunk_text": "\"And the Green Grass Grew All Around\"\nAnd the Green Grass Grew All Around \"\"And The Green Grass Grew All Around\"\", also known as \"\"The Green Grass Grew All Around\"\" or \"\"And the Green Grass Grows All Around\"\", is an Appalachian folk song that was first noted in 1877 in (Miss M. H. Mason's book 'Nursery Rhymes and Country Songs' but is likely to be much older. Some sources give the author as William Jerome and melody by Harry Von Tilzer in 1912. Today it is a popular classic children's song, and a good example of a cumulative song. It is similar to the irish folk song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13190529", "chunk_text": "\"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\"\nand future than of its expansive promise.\"\" First published in autumn 1865, \"\"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\"\"—along with 42 other poems from \"\"Drum-Taps\"\" and \"\"Sequel to Drum-Taps\"\"—was absorbed into \"\"Leaves of Grass\"\" beginning with the fourth edition, published in 1867. Although Whitman did not consider the poem to be among his best works, it is compared in both effect and quality to several acclaimed works of English literature, including elegies such as John Miltons \"\"Lycidas\"\" (1637) and Percy Bysshe Shelleys \"\"Adonaïs\"\" (1821). In the late 1850s and early 1860s, Whitman established his reputation as a poet with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10981430", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Rose of Summer\"\nThe Last Rose of Summer \"\"The Last Rose of Summer\"\" is a poem by the Irish poet Thomas Moore. He wrote it in 1805, while staying at Jenkinstown Park in County Kilkenny, Ireland, where he was said to have been inspired by a specimen of Rosa 'Old Blush'. The poem is set to a traditional tune called \"\"Aislean an Oigfear\"\", or \"\"The Young Man's Dream\"\", which was transcribed by Edward Bunting in 1792, based on a performance by harper Denis Hempson (Donnchadh Ó hÁmsaigh) at the Belfast Harp Festival. The poem and the tune together were published in December 1813", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7179887", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Rivers\"\nnon grata from then on). Rivers' version far outsold the Chuck Berry original from August 1959, which stalled at #87 in the US. Rivers continued to record mostly live performances throughout 1964 and 1965, including Go-Go-style records with songs featuring folk music and blues rock influences including \"\"Maybellene\"\" (another Berry cover), after which came \"\"Mountain of Love\"\", \"\"Midnight Special\"\", \"\"Seventh Son\"\" (written by Willie Dixon), plus Pete Seeger's\"\" Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\", all of which were hits. In 1963, Rivers began working with writers P.F. Sloan and Steve Barri on a theme song for the American broadcast of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14994677", "chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\"\nWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? \"\"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\"\" is a frequently anthologized short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. The story first appeared in the Fall 1966 edition of \"\"Epoch\"\" magazine. It was inspired by three Tucson, Arizona murders committed by Charles Schmid, which were profiled in \"\"Life\"\" magazine in an article written by Don Moser on March 4, 1966. Oates said that she dedicated the story to Bob Dylan because she was inspired to write it after listening to his song \"\"It's All Over Now, Baby Blue\"\". The story was originally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18788897", "chunk_text": "\"Appleseed Recordings\"\nRamblin' Jack Elliott, Tim Eriksen, Dick Gaughan, John Wesley Harding, Kim and Reggie Harris, Christine Lavin, Roger McGuinn, Holly Near, Tom Paxton, Tom Rush, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Tommy Sands, Pete Seeger, Al Stewart, John Stewart, Sweet Honey in the Rock, Lizzie West, and Jesse Winchester. Appleseed Recordings Appleseed Recordings is an American folk music record label founded by Jim Musselman in 1997. Appleseed's first album was a tribute to Peter Seeger. Musselman approached musicians and others (writer Studs Terkel, actor Tim Robbins) to record a song written, adapted, or performed by Seeger. The result was \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10226919", "chunk_text": "\"Jean Elliot\"\neither at Minto House, or Mount Teviot, the residence of her younger brother Admiral John Elliot, on 29 March 1805. Jean Elliot Jean Elliot (April 1727 – 29 March 1805), also known as Jane Elliot, was a Scottish poet. She wrote one of the most famous versions of \"\"The Flowers of the Forest\"\", a song lamenting the Scottish army's defeat in the Battle of Flodden. Published in 1776, it is her only surviving work. The lyrics are set to a tune later collected into a melody by John Skene. Daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Jean was born in 1727 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16307011", "chunk_text": "\"Brandon Flowers\"\nbecame official in August 2002. Between 2003 and 2017, they released five consecutive chart-topping studio albums and have sold over 22 million records worldwide. Flowers wrote the lyrics to the single \"\"All These Things That I've Done\"\" and its popular refrain \"\"I Got Soul, But I'm Not A Soldier\"\" that numbered among the \"\"100 Greatest Songs of All Time\"\" by \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" and earned one of the band's seven Grammy nominations. He is also the author of the lyrics of single \"\"Mr. Brightside,\"\" which holds the record for most weeks spent on the UK Singles Chart (200 weeks and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5206683", "chunk_text": "\"To Autumn\"\nTo Autumn \"\"To Autumn\"\" is a poem by English Romantic poet John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821). The work was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820 in a volume of Keats's poetry that included \"\"Lamia\"\" and \"\"The Eve of St. Agnes\"\". \"\"To Autumn\"\" is the final work in a group of poems known as Keats's \"\"1819 odes\"\". Although personal problems left him little time to devote to poetry in 1819, he composed \"\"To Autumn\"\" after a walk near Winchester one autumnal evening. The work marks the end of his poetic career, as he needed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14747277", "chunk_text": "\"All of a Sudden I Miss Everyone\"\n\"\"All of a sudden I miss everyone; I don't know why.\"\". Another strong possibility is that the title refers to a famous \"\"The Catcher In The Rye\"\" quote during its 26th (and last) chapter. As narrated by its lead character Holden Caulfield: \"\"All I know about it is, I sort of miss everybody I told about.\"\". The title of the song \"\"The Birth and Death of the Day\"\" appears in the 1952 novel \"\"East of Eden\"\" by John Steinbeck: I remember that the Gabilan Mountains to the east of the valley were light grey mountains full of sun and loveliness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11675667", "chunk_text": "\"Flowers of the Forest\"\n(or tune) apparently survived, but several versions of the words were written down later, the most usual being by Jean Elliot published about 1755 - see links below. In 1765 the wit and socialite Alison Cockburn published her lyrics to the \"\"Flowers of the Forest\"\" beginning \"\"I've seen the smiling of Fortune beguiling\"\" said to have been written before her marriage in 1731 . It concerns a financial crisis that had ruined the fortunes of a number of the Selkirk Lairds. Later biographers, however, think it probable that it was written on the departure to London of a certain John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11675670", "chunk_text": "\"Flowers of the Forest\"\nquoted at the beginning and end of the historical novel \"\"The Flowers of the Forest\"\" by Elizabeth Byrd, which culminates in the Battle of Flodden. It is the official lament of the Canadian Forces, played to honour fallen soldiers. The English folk-rock band Fairport Convention covered the song on their 1970 album \"\"Full House\"\". The tune was played by a lone piper at the funeral of singer songwriter Sandy Denny. Scottish tenor Kenneth McKellar recorded a version of the song. Scots/Australian singer-songwriter Eric Bogle refers to \"\"Flowers of the Forest\"\" in his song \"\"No Man's Land\"\", in which he muses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "283206", "chunk_text": "\"(Nothing But) Flowers\"\n(Nothing But) Flowers \"\"(Nothing But) Flowers\"\" is a song by rock band Talking Heads. It appears on the band's final album \"\"Naked\"\", released in 1988. It was released as the album's second single. In addition to the band, the song features Kirsty MacColl on backup vocals and Johnny Marr, formerly of The Smiths, on lead guitar. It peaked at number 79 in the UK Singles Chart. The lyrics describe a world where modern progress has been reverted to a more natural state, due either to a political movement, a global disaster, or by a necessity, such as dealing with overpopulation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8963433", "chunk_text": "\"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\"\nwas first performed on April 16, 2005 by the baritone Nmon Ford and the Brooklyn Philharmonic under the conductor Michael Christie. \"\"Books\"\" \"\"Journals\"\" \"\"Online sources\"\" When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd \"\"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\"\" is a long poem in the form of an elegy written by American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892) in 1865. The poem, written in free verse in 206 lines, uses many of the literary techniques associated with the pastoral elegy. It was written in the summer of 1865 during a period of profound national mourning in the aftermath of the assassination of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5926421", "chunk_text": "\"Appleseed Recordings\"\nAppleseed Recordings Appleseed Recordings is an American folk music record label founded by Jim Musselman in 1997. Appleseed's first album was a tribute to Peter Seeger. Musselman approached musicians and others (writer Studs Terkel, actor Tim Robbins) to record a song written, adapted, or performed by Seeger. The result was \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone: The Songs of Pete Seeger\"\". The album included versions of Seeger-related songs by Bruce Springsteen, Jackson Browne & Joan Baez, Judy Collins, Terkel, Robbins, and Ani DiFranco. The album won the American Federation of Independent Music Award for Top Independent Release of 1998\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11675665", "chunk_text": "\"Flowers of the Forest\"\nof James IV, many of his nobles, and over 10,000 men - the titular \"\"Flowers of the Forest\"\" - at the Battle of Flodden Field in northern England in 1513, a significant event in the history of Scotland. She published it anonymously and it was at the time thought to be an ancient surviving ballad. However, Burns suspected it was an imitation, and together with Ramsay and Sir Walter Scott eventually discovered its author. The song, written in Scots, is also known as The Floo'ers o' the Forest (are a' wede away) and describes the grief of women and children", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3705229", "chunk_text": "\"Flowers in the Attic\"\nFlowers in the Attic Flowers in the Attic is a 1979 Gothic novel by V. C. Andrews. It is the first book in the Dollanganger Series, and was followed by \"\"Petals on the Wind\"\", \"\"If There Be Thorns\"\", \"\"Seeds of Yesterday\"\", \"\"Garden of Shadows\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". The novel is written in the first-person, from the point of view of Cathy Dollanganger. It was twice adapted into films in 1987 and 2014. The book was extremely popular, selling over forty million copies world-wide. In 1957, the Dollanganger family lives an idyllic life in Gladstone, Pennsylvania until Mr. Dollanganger dies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17732102", "chunk_text": "\"The Wild Flowers\"\nThe Wild Flowers The Wild Flowers were a British post-punk band, formed in 1983. They released five albums in total between 1984 and 1997. The band was formed in 1983 in Wolverhampton, England, consisting of members Neal Cook (guitarist/vocalist), Dave Newton (guitarist), Mark Alexander (bassist), and Dave Fisher (drummer). They released their debut album entitled \"\"The Joy of It All\"\" for the small Reflex label in 1984. Two singles were released from that album, 1983's \"\"Melt Like Ice\"\" and \"\"Things Have Changed\"\" from 1984. Newton left soon afterwards to form The Mighty Lemon Drops, and new member Dave Atherton was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20775189", "chunk_text": "\"Our Lady of the Flowers\"\nOur Lady of the Flowers Our Lady of the Flowers (\"\"Notre-Dame-des-Fleurs\"\") is the debut novel of French writer Jean Genet, first published in 1943. The free-flowing, poetic novel is a largely autobiographical account of a man's journey through the Parisian underworld. The characters are drawn after their real-life counterparts, who are mostly homosexuals living on the fringes of society. The novel tells the story of Divine, a drag queen who, when the novel opens, has died of tuberculosis and been canonised as a result. The narrator tells us that the stories he is telling are mainly to amuse himself whilst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "172013", "chunk_text": "\"Peter, Paul and Mary\"\nuncommercial, and Carolyn Hester. After rehearsing Yarrow, Stookey and Travers out of town in Boston and Miami, Grossman booked them into The Bitter End, a coffee house, nightclub and popular folk music venue in New York City's Greenwich Village. They recorded their debut album, \"\"Peter, Paul and Mary\"\", the following year. It included \"\"Lemon Tree\"\", \"\"500 Miles\"\", and the Pete Seeger hit tunes \"\"If I Had a Hammer\"\" (subtitled \"\"The Hammer Song\"\") and \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\". The album was listed in the \"\"Billboard Magazine\"\" Top Ten for 10 months, including seven weeks in the No. 1 position.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7545010", "chunk_text": "\"In a Summer Garden\"\npublished score of the fantasy contains two quotations which provide some clue as to its emotional content. The first is a couplet by Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The origin of the second quote is unknown. It reads: Roses, lilies, and a thousand scented flowers. Bright butterflies, flitting from petal to petal. Beneath the shade of ancient trees, a quiet river with water lilies. In a boat, almost hidden, two people. A thrush is singing in the distance. The first broadcast performance was conducted by Edward Clark. Philip Heseltine made a piano solo transcription in 1921, published only in 1982. In a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18720983", "chunk_text": "\"Jean Elliot\"\nJean Elliot Jean Elliot (April 1727 – 29 March 1805), also known as Jane Elliot, was a Scottish poet. She wrote one of the most famous versions of \"\"The Flowers of the Forest\"\", a song lamenting the Scottish army's defeat in the Battle of Flodden. Published in 1776, it is her only surviving work. The lyrics are set to a tune later collected into a melody by John Skene. Daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Jean was born in 1727 at Minto House in Teviotdale. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, when a party of Jacobites came to arrest her influential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16430958", "chunk_text": "\"The Grass Is Singing\"\nThe Grass Is Singing The Grass Is Singing is the first novel, published in 1950, by British Nobel Prize-winning author Doris Lessing. It takes place in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in southern Africa, during the 1940s and deals with the racial politics between whites and blacks in that country (which was then a British Colony). The novel created a sensation when it was first published and became an instant success in Europe and the United States. The novel begins with a newspaper clipping about the death of Mary Turner, a white woman, killed off by her black servant Moses for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9586429", "chunk_text": "\"The Grass Is Singing\"\nThe Grass Is Singing The Grass Is Singing is the first novel, published in 1950, by British Nobel Prize-winning author Doris Lessing. It takes place in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in southern Africa, during the 1940s and deals with the racial politics between whites and blacks in that country (which was then a British Colony). The novel created a sensation when it was first published and became an instant success in Europe and the United States. The novel begins with a newspaper clipping about the death of Mary Turner, a white woman, killed off by her black servant Moses for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7470240", "chunk_text": "\"College Concert\"\nCollege Concert College Concert is the twelfth album by the American folk music group the Kingston Trio, released in 1962 (see 1962 in music). It was the group's third live release and the first live release with new member John Stewart. \"\"College Concert\"\" peaked at number three on the Billboard charts and was the largest-selling release by the Stewart-years Trio. The Trio recorded the single version of \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"\" in a New York studio November 14, 1961 and claimed authorship, but they took their names off when Pete Seeger asked them to. The single, with \"\"O", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20358296", "chunk_text": "\"Protest songs in the United States\"\na message type song ... 'Which side are you on?' That's such a waste? I mean, which side can you \"\"be\"\" on.'\"\" His next explicit topical protest song would be \"\"Hurricane\"\", written twelve years later, in 1976. Pete Seeger, founding member of the Almanac Singers and The Weavers, was a major influence on Dylan and his contemporaries, and continued to be a strong voice of protest in the 1960s, when he composed \"\"Where Have All the Flowers Gone\"\" (written with Joe Hickerson) and \"\"Turn, Turn, Turn\"\" (written during the 1950s but released on Seeger's 1962 album \"\"The Bitter and The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3683958", "chunk_text": "\"The Blue Flowers\"\nThe Blue Flowers The Blue Flowers, also known as Between Blue and Blue (original French title: \"\"Les fleurs bleues\"\"), is a French novel written by Raymond Queneau in 1965. The English translation is by Barbara Wright, who also translated Queneau's \"\"Zazie in the Metro\"\". The Italian translation was by Italo Calvino. The Duke of Auge dreams that he is Cidrolin, living on a barge alone with his daughter, while Cidrolin dreams that he is the Duke of Auge, travelling through the history of France. They will meet in 1964. Carl Reinecke, a critic writing for the London \"\"Times,\"\" has argued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13190526", "chunk_text": "\"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\"\nWhen Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd \"\"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\"\" is a long poem in the form of an elegy written by American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892) in 1865. The poem, written in free verse in 206 lines, uses many of the literary techniques associated with the pastoral elegy. It was written in the summer of 1865 during a period of profound national mourning in the aftermath of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. Despite the poem being an elegy to the fallen president, Whitman neither mentions Lincoln by name nor discusses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5206719", "chunk_text": "\"To Autumn\"\na Nightingale,' 'Ode on a Grecian Urn,' and 'To Autumn' as three of the most anthologized lyric poems of tragic vision in English.\"\" To Autumn \"\"To Autumn\"\" is a poem by English Romantic poet John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821). The work was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820 in a volume of Keats's poetry that included \"\"Lamia\"\" and \"\"The Eve of St. Agnes\"\". \"\"To Autumn\"\" is the final work in a group of poems known as Keats's \"\"1819 odes\"\". Although personal problems left him little time to devote to poetry in 1819, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17542831", "chunk_text": "\"Fanny Crosby\"\ncontract with William Hall & Son in 1855 (and after being rejected by Nathan Richardson of Russell & Richardson of Boston), including \"\"Six Songs by Wurzel\"\" published in 1855 by S. Brainard's Sons of Cleveland, Ohio. These six Root-Crosby songs were \"\"O How Glad to Get Home,\"\" \"\"Honeysuckle Glen,\"\" \"\"The Church in the Wood,\"\" \"\"All Together Now,\"\" and \"\"Proud World, Good-by.\"\" The most popular of these songs was \"\"Rosalie, the Prairie Flower\"\", about the death of a young girl. It was popularized in the 1850s by the Christy Minstrels; it sold more than 125,000 copies of sheet music and earned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20133312", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Mary Dowd\"\nAlice Mary Dowd Alice Mary Dowd (December 16, 1855 – July 2, 1943) was an American educator and author. She was born in West Virginia in 1855 and began teaching at the age of seventeen. Dowd taught for more than three decades before retiring in 1926, having had experience in almost all phases of the work, including district school substitute, evening school, private school, high school, college, and Sunday school. Besides numerous uncollected poems, she published a volume entitled \"\"Vacation Verses\"\" in 1890. In 1906, she published \"\"Our Common Wild Flowers\"\". With her sister, Luella Dowd Smith, she co-authored another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20222518", "chunk_text": "\"Flowers for Algernon\"\nRetrospective\"\" (1980). The expanded novel was first published in 1966 by Harcourt Brace with the Bantam paperback following in 1968. By 2004, it had been translated into 27 languages, published in 30 countries and sold more than 5 million copies. Since its original publication, the novel has never been out of print. The short story and the novel share many similar plot points, but the novel expands significantly on Charlie's developing emotional state as well as his intelligence, his memories of childhood, and the relationship with his family. The story is told through a series of journal entries written by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18538724", "chunk_text": "\"Language of flowers\"\n\"\"The Language of Flowers.\"\" First published in 1884, it continues to be reprinted to this day. In the United States the first print appearance of the language of flowers was in the writings of Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, a French-American naturalist, who wrote on-going features under the title \"\"The School of Flora,\"\" from 1827 through 1828, in the weekly Saturday Evening Post and the monthly \"\"Casket; or Flowers of Literature, Wit, and Sentiment.\"\" These pieces contained the botanic, English, and French names of the plant, a description of the plant, an explanation of its Latin names, and the flower's emblematic meaning.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2955961", "chunk_text": "\"Philip Bourke Marston\"\nsame year. It is not surprising that Marston's verse became sorrowful and melancholy. The idylls of flower-life, such as the early and very beautiful \"\"The Rose and the Wind\"\", were succeeded by dreams of sleep and the repose of death. These qualities and gradations of feeling are traceable through his three published collections, \"\"Songtide\"\" (1871), \"\"All in All\"\" (1873) and \"\"Wind Voices\"\" (1883). Marston's verse was collected in 1892 by Louise Chandler Moulton, a loyal friend, and herself a poet. In his later years he wrote short stories for \"\"Home Chimes\"\", as well as American magazines, through the agency of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7671030", "chunk_text": "\"The Dancers at the End of Time\"\nalso common, but most residents of the End of Time find leaving the planet distasteful and clichéd. The title of the series is itself taken from a poem by a fictitious 19th Century poet, Ernest Wheldrake, which Mrs. Amelia Underwood quotes in \"\"The End of All Songs\"\". \"\"Ernest Wheldrake\"\" had been a pseudonym used by Algernon Charles Swinburne. The original trilogy (\"\"An Alien Heat\"\", \"\"The Hollow Lands\"\", and \"\"The End of All Songs\"\") was published between 1972 and 1976. The trilogy purports to tell the last love story in human history. Other stories in this sequence include \"\"The Transformation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7389434", "chunk_text": "\"Steven Nightingale\"\nthan fifty schools and universities. His poetry was first published in 1983, in Coevolution Quarterly. His first novel, \"\"The Lost Coast\"\", and its sequel, \"\"The Thirteenth Daughter of the Moon\"\", followed. His six books of poetry begin with the limited edition \"\"Cartwheels\"\", followed by \"\"Planetary Tambourine\"\", and four more collections of ninety-nine sonnets each. In 2015, he released \"\"Granada: A Pomegranate in the Hand of God\"\". The book describes the move of the author and his family to the city of Granada, Spain, and goes on to address the history of gardens and of the Albayzín, the extraordinary history of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20006931", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Flower\"\nThe Last Flower The Last Flower is an anti-war short story written and illustrated by James Thurber's own drawings; it deals with themes of war, peace, love, and resilience. This short parable was originally published in November 1939, two months after World War II officially began. It was ahead of its time as an early graphic novel. \"\"The Last Flower\"\" was written as Thurber began to realize the sorrow and chaos of war, as can be read via the dedication to his only child \"\"in the wistful hope that her world will be better than mine.\"\" The Houghton Mifflin Chronology", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_180	industrial city in germany on the rhine herne canal?	n/a	[ "Henrichenburg", "Duisburg" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5984594", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nRhine–Herne Canal The Rhine–Herne Canal () is a transportation canal in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with five canal locks. The canal was built over a period of eight years (5 April 1906 - 14 July 1914) and connects the harbour in Duisburg on the Rhine () with the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Henrichenburg (), following the valley of the Emscher. It was widened in the 1980s. The Rhein-Herne canal ship was designed specifically for this canal; normally of about 1300–1350 ton capacity, it has a maximum draft of , a length of approximately , and maximum beam of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3017982", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nFish that inhabit the canal include European eel, European carp, zander, carp bream, common roach and common rudd, as well as the less common pike and rainbow trout. Rhine–Herne Canal The Rhine–Herne Canal () is a transportation canal in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with five canal locks. The canal was built over a period of eight years (5 April 1906 - 14 July 1914) and connects the harbour in Duisburg on the Rhine () with the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Henrichenburg (), following the valley of the Emscher. It was widened in the 1980s. The Rhein-Herne canal ship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1492795", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nrail and river) centre working in association with other companies. The Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen GmbH (WHE) operates both the remaining canal side docks and the associated railway. The Osthafen Wanne (Port Wanne east) are also operated by the WHE; the ports and rail link serves a major scrap metal works. Originally the city of Recklinghausen had no access to the canal; through an exchange of land with the city of Herne the city gained access to the canal. In recent decades, the port was abandoned. However through the actions of the company 'United Mills' grain shipments were made using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5984599", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nwater area of with associated dock-land of The dock handles bulk goods such as solid mineral fuels, petroleum and chemical products, stone, earth and iron and steel as well as recyclable materials, and is an important transhipment point. The port of the city of Gelsenkirchen (Stadthafen Gelsenkirchen) was opened in July 1914 and is the oldest port on the Rhine–Herne Canal. The port has two docks branched from the canal situated just east of the lock at Gelsenkirchen and has a water surface of . The industrial port is ~ and the trading port ~. A private railway of length", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279338", "chunk_text": "\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\"\nHerne, North Rhine-Westphalia Herne () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area directly between the cities of Bochum and Gelsenkirchen. Like most other cities in the region, Herne (ancient Haranni) was a tiny village until the 19th century. When the mining of coal (and possibly ore) and the production of coke (the fuel processed from the harvested coal) and steel began, the villages of the Ruhr area slowly grew into towns and cities because of the influx of people, mostly from the East (Germany as well as East-Prussia, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Poland and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5984597", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nand in breadth a new sluice chamber with a usable length of and a breadth of were commissioned, so that bigger ships with lighters (barges) as specified in Euro class II can pass through the sluice gates. The canal begins in Duisburg along with the Schifffahrtskanal; connected to land by three bays of the \"\"Kanalhafen\"\", and to the rest of the world via the Rhine. The Rhine-Herne Canal headquarters is in the Meiderich district of Duisburg, it serves as the water and shipping management canal and its locks from Essen to Herne. From here maintenance and repair work are organised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18850040", "chunk_text": "Bottrop\nBottrop Bottrop () is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail center and contains factories producing coal-tar derivatives, chemicals, textiles, and machinery. Bottrop grew as a mining center beginning in the 1860s, was chartered as a city in 1921, and bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. In 1975 it unified with the neighbour communities of Gladbeck and Kirchhellen, but Gladbeck left it in 1976, leading to Kirchhellen becoming a district", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3171261", "chunk_text": "\"Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen\"\nWanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen The Wanne-Herner Eisenbahn und Hafen GmbH (\"\"literal:\"\" \"\"Wanne and Herne railway and port company Ltd.\"\") (abbr. WHE) is a railway and canal port operating company based around the Rhine-Herne Canal in the Ruhr area of Germany The port's history begins in the first decade of the 20th century with the building of the Rhine-Herne Canal. On 14 July 1905 the company \"\"Kanalhafen Wanne-Gelsenkirchen-Land\"\" is born, with the aim of making a coal port for the surrounding mines on the canal. In 1913 the nearby town of Herne also participates in the project and the companies name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16130520", "chunk_text": "\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\"\nto more densely populated and developed areas like Essen [Krupp Werke] and Wuppertal, which were almost totally erased. Herne was probably targeted because of the many coal mines as well as the Rhein-Herne Kanal with two double chambered locks (a total of four chambers) at that time, within the city-confines of Herne and at the Northern edge. The Canal was the major mode of transportation for coal and coke from the many coal mines in the area to the factories for iron ore to be processed into steel (Blau-Stahl) and coal being transported along the inter-connecting waterways in all other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3017978", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nmine. It is located at kilometer 38 of the canal, just upstream of the Herne Ost lock, on the north bank opposite the Hafen der Zeche Friedrich der Große (Frederick the Great mine port). The harbor basin was built from 1897 to 1898 when the section of the canal (the then branch channel of the Dortmund-Ems Canal), was already flooded. In 1912, at the colliery port handled 360,096 tonnes of goods. In 1913 the docks expanded. Because of mining subsidence by 1954 the quaywall had to be increased by . In the 1980s, it was leased to \"\"Automobil- und Motorbootsport-Club", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5984598", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nand performed. The Oberhausen marina is a yacht port opened in 2004 in close proximity to the CentrO shopping centre. The port has a water depth of and over 13 bridges. Also at the Oberhausen marina are the attractions Sealife Oberhausen and Oberhausen Modellbahn World. The Stadthafen Essen (City port of Essen) is the youngest port on the Rhine–Herne Canal opened in 1934 by the city of Essen, and operated since 1987 by \"\"Stadtwerke Essen\"\". The port consists of a doubled sided canal side quay together with a harbour port at right angles onto the canal, which together form a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5984602", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nore ended. Such was the emphasis on iron ore that much of the port now stands empty, part of it nowadays is used for the processing of recycled materials for the building industry, as well as a storage facility. Like many other the port of Westhafen Wanne (Wanne west harbour) was originally built for the mutual benefit of the mines and canal, with a railway connecting the two. Today the quayside still has coal traffic and associated industries. The docks of the port at Wanner West were filled in to make room for the \"\"Güterverkehrszentrum Emscher\"\" - a logistics (road,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1492796", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\na mobile crane. Since late 2007, the port has expanded and a grain loading plant installed: new mills and silos have been installed. The Hafen der Zeche Friedrich der Große (Frederick the Great mine port) is directly south of the Port of the King Ludwig mine, as of 2009 the port is the site of an industrial estate named the \"\"Industriegebeit Friedrich der Große\"\". The harbour which is cut parallel to the canal is still extant, but without fixed infrastructure, cranes etc. The Hafen der Zeche König Ludwig served the coal transported from, and deliveries to the former King Ludwig", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1492792", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\n. Originally the Rhine-Herne canal ended in Herne, where it met a branch of the \"\"Dortmund-Ems-Kanal\"\" running from Henrichenburg to Herne, the intersection situated just above the East Herne lock. After the closure of the last part of the Henrichenburg to Herne canal, the Henrichenburg-Herne section of the \"\"Dortmund-Ems\"\" was added to the Rhein-Herne Canal. The distribution of water in the canal is realised through five pump stations. Located at Duisburg-Meiderich, Oberhausen, Gelsenkirchen, Wanne-Eickel and East Herne, they pump water from the Rhine into the canal at each stage. As well as this, water from the Lippe river to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5984601", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\n\"\"Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks AG\"\" (GBAG) to provide a link to the GBAG mines of \"\"Rheinelbe\"\", \"\"Alma\"\" and \"\"Pluto\"\" as well as supplying the ironworks of 'Schalker group' with imported ore. Around the same time, and up to 1929 the industrial railway of \"\"Erzbahn\"\" was built, serving the Schalker and Bochum group iron and steelworks. Between 1937 and 1968 Grimberg harbour was one of the major ports on the canal. In 1968 steel production at the southern end of the Erzbahn at Bochum ended, in 1982 the Schalker works closed - with this the use of the port for transport of iron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18002685", "chunk_text": "\"Wesel–Datteln Canal\"\nWesel–Datteln Canal The Wesel–Datteln Canal () is a long canal in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It runs along the northern edge of the Ruhr Area, from the Rhine near Wesel () to the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Datteln (). It forms an important transport connection between the Lower Rhine and northern and eastern Germany, together with the parallel Rhine-Herne Canal. Construction of the Wesel–Datteln Canal was started in 1915, and the canal was opened in . It runs parallel to the river Lippe. The canal has six locks, at Friedrichsfeld, Hünxe, Dorsten, Flaesheim, Ahsen and Datteln. The main ports along the canal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20995721", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nis operated which is linked to the tracks of the Deutsche Bahn Formerly the port dealt mainly with coal and mining products, now the port is a major hub for petroleum products and second-largest inland port for cereals in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is operated by the \"\"Gelsenkirchener Logistik-, Hafen- und Servicegesellschaft\"\" (Gelsenkirchener logistics, harbour and service company.) a subsidiary of \"\"Stadtwerke Gelsenkirchen\"\". Hafen Grimberg (Port Grimberg) is on the south canal bank in Gelsenkirchen, near the city boundary to Herne. It was named after the nearby Castle Grimberg, of which today only the foundations remain. Built in 1914 by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18002686", "chunk_text": "\"Wesel–Datteln Canal\"\nare in Marl (Chemiepark Marl and Auguste-Victoria). Wesel–Datteln Canal The Wesel–Datteln Canal () is a long canal in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It runs along the northern edge of the Ruhr Area, from the Rhine near Wesel () to the Dortmund-Ems Canal near Datteln (). It forms an important transport connection between the Lower Rhine and northern and eastern Germany, together with the parallel Rhine-Herne Canal. Construction of the Wesel–Datteln Canal was started in 1915, and the canal was opened in . It runs parallel to the river Lippe. The canal has six locks, at Friedrichsfeld, Hünxe, Dorsten, Flaesheim, Ahsen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1492798", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\nCastrop-Rauxel e. V\"\" (The car and motorboat club of Castrop-Rauxel) and is used from recreational boating, being no longer used by Ruhrkohle AG, and contains many small boats. The former mine railway, which starts at the harbour is now a walking and biking trail. The Victor Harbor (Hafen Victor) was created to serve the former colliery 'Victor' which finished all operations in 1973. The port is in the city of Castrop-Rauxel in the vicinity of \"\"Schloss Bladenhorst\"\" (Castle 'Blade Horst'), about upstream from the Hafen der Zeche Friedrich der Große also on the south bank. Today the port still handles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16130524", "chunk_text": "\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\"\ngardens, win prizes in shooting galleries or tombolas, or enjoy traditional and new rides like roundabouts, ghost trains and all sorts of high-tech delights. One of the main attractions is the 60-metre high big wheel that is the largest movable one in the world. Famous Hernians or Wanne-Eickelians include \"\"Herne-West\"\" is a mockery name of the football club Schalke 04, most commonly used by the fans of Borussia Dortmund. Herne, Germany is twinned with: Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia Herne () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area directly between the cities of Bochum and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10703823", "chunk_text": "Herford\nHerford Herford () is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the hill chains of the Wiehen Hills and the Teutoburg Forest. It is the capital of the district of Herford. The former Hanseatic town of Herford is situated in the chain of hills south of the Wiehen Hills (Ravensberg Hills). The highest place is the Dornberg (240 m) in the Schwarzenmoor district; the lowest point (56 m) is located in the Werretal in the Falkendiek district. The River Aa joins the river Werre in the centre of the town. The Stuckenberg is located east of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279339", "chunk_text": "\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\"\nbeyond, even Italy and Spain), looking for, and finding, work. Herne is located on the direct axis between Bochum to the South and Recklinghausen to the North, Münster yet further North; Gelsenkirchen to the West and Castrop-Rauxel and Dortmund to the East. The physical border between Herne and Recklinghausen in fact is, and has been for a long time, the bridge at the Bochumer Strasse across the Rhine-Herne Canal (the South shore of the Canal is Herne, the North shore is Recklinghausen). A little further North of the Canal flows the Emscher River, which was a major known location because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15321168", "chunk_text": "Rhine\nGerman are spoken. Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg. Duisburg is the home of Europe's largest inland port and functions as a hub to the sea ports of Rotterdam, Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg, is nowadays a clean river, thanks to a combination of stricter environmental controls, a transition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4594588", "chunk_text": "Bottrop\nboroughs. They are (with their official numbering) From 1919 until 1976 Kirchhellen was its own town. From 1976 until 1978 it was a part of \"\"GlaBotKi\"\"(Gladbeck, Bottrop, Kirchhellen). In 1978 Kirchhellen became part of Bottrop. Most of Kirchhellen is Catholic (approx. 65%) - there are three churches there. There is one Lutheran church. Bottrop is twinned with: Bottrop Bottrop () is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail center and contains factories producing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18424674", "chunk_text": "Rhine-Ruhr\nand urban areas within it often pursue separate investment policies against each other. From within, Düsseldorf, Essen and Cologne are by far the largest economic centers, with specialisation in financial/high tech and insurance/multi media services respectively. Other major economic centers are Bonn and Dortmund. The region is home to twelve Fortune Global 500 companies, among them E.ON AG, Essen, Deutsche Post AG, Bonn, Metro AG, Düsseldorf, Deutsche Telekom AG, Bonn, ThyssenKrupp AG, Essen/Duisburg, RWE AG, Essen, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH, Duisburg, Evonik Industries, Essen, Hochtief AG, Essen and the Henkel Group, Düsseldorf. The Rhine-Ruhr area's climate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16130521", "chunk_text": "\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\"\ndirections, to be used for industrial as well as domestic use. In particular, the Bridge across the Rhine-Herne Canal closest to the easternmost double-chambered lock and the wharf (for repair of damaged Canal-going vessels) on the North shore, was hit and taken out, so that there was no connection across the Canal at that location (at the time, the Street there was known as Ludwig-Strasse but has been renamed since to Pöppinghauser Strasse). The locks have been renovated, each of those two double-chambered locks having been combined into just one single-chambered lock each, albeit considerably larger chambered, to accommodate much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14425479", "chunk_text": "Herzogenrath\nwas dominated by coal mines and a nearby coking plant. While some remains of the mining industry still form parts of the landscape in the form of overgrown slag heaps, today's Herzogenrath has moved into other industries. Large-scale employers include Saint-Gobain, Aixtron, Vetrotex (textile glass) and Ericsson Eurolab (electronics). The city hosts a number of electronics start-ups, profiting from the neighbouring Technical University RWTH Aachen. Herzogenrath Herzogenrath (Ripuarian: \"\"Herzeroa\"\"; ; or \"\"’s-Hertogenrade\"\") is a municipality in the district of Aachen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It borders the Dutch town of Kerkrade, the national border in one section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6380162", "chunk_text": "Rheinauhafen\nRheinauhafen The Rheinauhafen (lit. \"\"Rheinau harbour\"\") is a urban regeneration project in Cologne, Germany, located along the river Rhine between the Südbrücke (Southern Railway Bridge) and Severinsbrücke (Severin Bridge), just south of the inner city's historic old town. The project is set around the actual Rheinauhafen, a formerly commercial harbour developed during the 1880s, and spans in the north-south direction and east-west at its widest. Planning for the redevelopment project commenced with an urban design competition during the early 1990s, with construction starting in 2002 and scheduled to be completed by 2011. The project comprises some of waterfront land mainly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6241177", "chunk_text": "\"Düsseldorf-Flehe\"\nDüsseldorf-Flehe Flehe is a part of Düsseldorf, Germany, that lies directly on the river Rhine and is bordered by Volmerswerth, Himmelgeist and Bilk. The name \"\"Flehe\"\" probably comes from the Central German (\"\"Mitteldeutsch\"\") word \"\"flet\"\" meaning a stream. Flehe became a part of Düsseldorf in 1384, and was first mentioned in documentary records in 1402. Flehe is a small and relatively sparsely populated part of Düsseldorf. The area from the center of Flehe to the Rhine has a more village-like rather than metropolitan character. A filtration plant in Flehe purifies water from the Rhine for use as domestic drinking water.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7705928", "chunk_text": "\"Düsseldorf-Hafen\"\nDüsseldorf-Hafen Düsseldorf-Hafen is an urban borough of Düsseldorf, Germany, located on the river Rhine and the location of the city's docks. The borough covers 3.85 km and is predominantly commercial and industrial in nature, with a very small residential population. It had 212 residents in the year 2000, making it the Düsseldorf borough with the lowest population density. The docks prospered for decades but lost much of their trade when Mannesmann closed its nearby pipe factory. As a result the eastern part of the docks started to be redeveloped, attracting businesses in the service sector such as media, design and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3017980", "chunk_text": "\"Rhine–Herne Canal\"\ncoal with the help of two gantry cranes. Port Rütgers (Hafen Rütgers ) is the port of Rütgers Chemicals (founded by Julius Rütgers) and is about upstream of the Port Victor on the east side of the canal after the canal makes a slight bend to the north. The main product dealt with here is pitch obtained from coal tar from the refining of coal. The port has a Pneumatic barrier. Port Luck (Hafen Luck) belongs to the construction and building materials company Luck located on the east bank, a little more than 2 kilometres upstream of Rütgers Chemicals. Port", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20785566", "chunk_text": "\"Mülheim\"\never deeper as one progressed northward, which required setting up mines to extract the black coal. In contrast, the broad bayou (dead arm of a river) of Styrum borough is characteristic of the features of the Lower Rhine Plain. The U18 metro line connects the city with Essen. Mülheim is twinned with: <br> Mülheim Mülheim an der Ruhr (), also described as \"\"\"\"City on the River\"\"\"\", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, especially in the food industry, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16723593", "chunk_text": "Ruhr\nRuhr The Ruhr (, ) is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 2,800/km and a population of over 5 million (2011), it is the largest urban area in Germany, and third-largest in the European Union. It consists of several large, industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the southwest it borders the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people, which is among the largest in Europe. From west to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6241178", "chunk_text": "\"Düsseldorf-Flehe\"\n\"\"This article is based on a translation from the .\"\" Düsseldorf-Flehe Flehe is a part of Düsseldorf, Germany, that lies directly on the river Rhine and is bordered by Volmerswerth, Himmelgeist and Bilk. The name \"\"Flehe\"\" probably comes from the Central German (\"\"Mitteldeutsch\"\") word \"\"flet\"\" meaning a stream. Flehe became a part of Düsseldorf in 1384, and was first mentioned in documentary records in 1402. Flehe is a small and relatively sparsely populated part of Düsseldorf. The area from the center of Flehe to the Rhine has a more village-like rather than metropolitan character. A filtration plant in Flehe purifies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8321047", "chunk_text": "\"Kreuz Herne\"\nKreuz Herne The Kreuz Herne (German: Kreuz Herne) is a Windmill interchange with two cloverleaf links in the German state North Rhine-Westphalia. The motorway interchange forms the connection between the A43 Kreuz Münstter-Süd-Kreuz Wuppertal-Nord and the A42 Kreuz Kamp-Lintfort-Kreuz Catrop Rauxel--Ost . The motorway interchange in the city district Mitte in Herne, Nearbe city districts are Herne-Eickel, Mitte and Baukau. The interchange is approximately 20 km west of Dortmund, Approximately 8 km north of Bochum and 15 km northeast of Essen. Northwest of the interchange lays the Kraftwerk Herne the powerstation for the city. In 1968 the motorway interchange and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4820128", "chunk_text": "\"Internationale Bauausstellung Emscher Park\"\nquarter at the banks. In the frame of the IBA the Emschergenossenschaft started to change the waste water fee system. It was the first catchment area in Germany that had a split of the fees, charging both for domestic waste water and paved areas with the consequence that disconnection and infiltration of rain water from roofs etc. was economically interesting for everybody. The 46 km Rhein-Herne Canal had been developed from 1906 to 1914 to support the trade of coal and steel in the growing Ruhr region. With the decline of the mines it lost a little its meaning and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279497", "chunk_text": "Krefeld\nKrefeld Krefeld (), also known as Crefeld until 1929, is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located northwest of Düsseldorf, its centre lying just a few kilometres to the west of the river Rhine; the borough of Uerdingen is situated directly on the Rhine. Krefeld is accessed by the autobahns A57 (Cologne–Nijmegen) and the A44 (Aachen–Düsseldorf–Dortmund–Kassel). Krefeld is also called the \"\"Velvet and Silk City\"\". Krefeld's residents speak ', or standard German, but the native dialect is a Low German variety, sometimes locally called ', ', ', or sometimes simply \"\"\"\". The Uerdingen line isogloss, separating general dialectical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279342", "chunk_text": "\"Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia\"\n12th centuries and were later integrated at one time or another into the city of Herne. In 1860 the first of a number of many coal mines started operating. In the following thirty years the population increased twentyfold. For the first time, Herne would be called a city. The same process took place in Wanne and Eickel, the two of which merged in 1926 to form the new city of \"\"\"\"Wanne-Eickel\"\"\"\". In 1975 Wanne-Eickel, by then a city with over 70,000 inhabitants, was incorporated into Herne, which had a population considerably larger than \"\"\"\"Wanne-Eickel\"\"\"\" at that point in time. Herne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14334470", "chunk_text": "\"Düsseldorf-Hafen\"\nHafen a prominent lifestyle district. The western part of the area still has actively used docks for barges that transport materials on the Rhine. There are plans for further redevelopment with the construction of high end apartment buildings. In 2003 the port company merged with the port of Neuss on the opposite bank of the Rhine to form Neuss-Düsseldorfer Häfen GmbH & Co. KG. \"\"This article is based on a translation of an article from the \"\". Düsseldorf-Hafen Düsseldorf-Hafen is an urban borough of Düsseldorf, Germany, located on the river Rhine and the location of the city's docks. The borough", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19770516", "chunk_text": "Ruhr\nconnecting to Stadtbahn line U47, as well as a bus to the city of Unna. Ruhr The Ruhr (, ) is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 2,800/km and a population of over 5 million (2011), it is the largest urban area in Germany, and third-largest in the European Union. It consists of several large, industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the southwest it borders the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279508", "chunk_text": "Krefeld\neach other in an annual 'friendly' football match. Krefeld is twinned with: Scientists: Writers, poets and journalists: Musicians: Artists: Aviators: Athletes: Knights Cross Holder: Other: Krefeld Krefeld (), also known as Crefeld until 1929, is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located northwest of Düsseldorf, its centre lying just a few kilometres to the west of the river Rhine; the borough of Uerdingen is situated directly on the Rhine. Krefeld is accessed by the autobahns A57 (Cologne–Nijmegen) and the A44 (Aachen–Düsseldorf–Dortmund–Kassel). Krefeld is also called the \"\"Velvet and Silk City\"\". Krefeld's residents speak ', or standard German, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18665631", "chunk_text": "\"Ruhr (river)\"\nNorthern Germany or the River Thames in the United Kingdom. The Ruhr first passes the towns of Meschede, Arnsberg, Wickede, Fröndenberg, Holzwickede, Iserlohn and Schwerte. Then the river marks the southern limit of the Ruhr area, passing Hagen, Dortmund, Herdecke, Wetter, Witten, Bochum, Hattingen, Essen, Mülheim and Duisburg. The Ruhr area was Germany's primary industrial area during the early- to mid-20th century. Most factories were located there. The occupation of the Ruhr from 1923-24 by French forces, due to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue paying reparations from World War I, provoked passive resistance, which saw production in the factories", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4846266", "chunk_text": "Emscher\nEmscher The Emscher is a river, a tributary of the Rhine, that flows through the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. Its overall length is with an mean outflow near the mouth into the lower Rhine of . The Emscher has its wellspring in Holzwickede, east of the city of Dortmund. Towns along the Emscher are Dortmund, Castrop-Rauxel, Herne, Recklinghausen, Gelsenkirchen, Essen, Bottrop, Oberhausen and Dinslaken, where it flows into the Rhine. At the centre of a vast industrial area with 5 million inhabitants the river is biologically dead, as it was used as an open waste-water canal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20023212", "chunk_text": "\"Herne (DE) railway station\"\nHerne (DE) railway station Herne station was opened in the inner city of Herne in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1847 together with the Cologne-Minden trunk line. It was located between the village of Herne, which had about 1,000 inhabitants, and the moated castle of Schloss Strünkede and was south of the current station on Von-der-Heydt-Strasse. It soon had a connection to the more southerly city of Bochum, which until 14 years later did not have its own station. For this reason the station was called \"\"Herne-Bochum\"\" until 1855. The Cologne-Minden Railway Company opened a station in 1847.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3584896", "chunk_text": "\"Düsseldorf-Reisholz\"\nDüsseldorf-Reisholz Reisholz is an urban borough of Düsseldorf. It is located in the south of the city, bordering Holthausen, Benrath, Hassels and the river Rhine. Reisholz is an industrial part of the city. Its history started in 1905 by creation of a harbour to the Rhine, a goods station and an industrial area by the Industrie-Terrains Düsseldorf-Reisholz (IDR) company. Many chemical factories, engine building industries, paper mills, petrochemical manufacturers and an oil refinery went to Reisholz. In 1907 the IDR company built a neogothic church. It was demolished, when the Henkel Company expanded in Reisholz, but Henkel built a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "345092", "chunk_text": "Minden\nMinden Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the River Weser. It is the capital of the district (\"\"Kreis\"\") of Minden-Lübbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the cultural region of Minden Land. It is widely known as the intersection of the Mittelland Canal and the River Weser. The town is over 1,200 years old and has yet some buildings in the Weser Renaissance style, in addition to its architecturally symbolic 1,000-year-old cathedral. Minden is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6221070", "chunk_text": "Rhine\nMiddle Ages. Today, the Upper Rhine area hosts many important manufacturing and service industries, particularly in the centers Basel, Strasbourg and Mannheim-Ludwigshafen. Strasbourg is the seat of the European Parliament, and so one of the three European capitals is located on the Upper Rhine. The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly. Dead branches were removed by construction workers and the area around the river was made more habitable for humansflood plains as flooding decreased sharply. On the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6380164", "chunk_text": "Rheinauhafen\n(own building) and Microsoft (own building); among the cultural organisations are the \"\"Kap am Südkai\"\", German Sport & Olympia Museum and Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum. Rheinauhafen The Rheinauhafen (lit. \"\"Rheinau harbour\"\") is a urban regeneration project in Cologne, Germany, located along the river Rhine between the Südbrücke (Southern Railway Bridge) and Severinsbrücke (Severin Bridge), just south of the inner city's historic old town. The project is set around the actual Rheinauhafen, a formerly commercial harbour developed during the 1880s, and spans in the north-south direction and east-west at its widest. Planning for the redevelopment project commenced with an urban design competition during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2054128", "chunk_text": "\"Herne Power Plant\"\nHerne Power Plant Herne power plant is a coal-fired power plant located at Herne in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was constructed in 1962. The installed capacity of the plant is 950 megawatts. The power plant is owned and operated by Evonik Steag GmbH, a subsidiary of Evonik Industries. In the 1980s, a fourth unit was added to the three older blocks. During this construction the high, 300 metre tall chimney and the large cooling tower, whose shape is present in the picture of the power station, were built. The power station annually produces approx. 5.2 billion kWh electrical power and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3062318", "chunk_text": "Riemke\nis connected by rail at the line Bochum-Gelsenkirchen (formerly \"\"Nokia-Bahn\"\"). On 1 April 1926 the municipality of Riemke was integrated into the city of Bochum. Riemke is a district that is more working class. Riemke Riemke is a major district of the city of Bochum, Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Riemke borders to the city of Herne. The other districts of Bochum, Riemke borders to are Bergen-Hiltrop, Grumme and Hofstede. Riemke is known for the large Nokia works, that was expanded in recent years. Riemke was mentioned for the first time as \"\"Rymbecke\"\" in the 9th century. A market square", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_181	what is a real world application of an atwood machine?	n/a	[ "An elevator with a counterbalance" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379376", "chunk_text": "\"Atwood machine\"\nAtwood machine The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics. The ideal Atwood Machine consists of two objects of mass \"\"m\"\" and \"\"m\"\", connected by an inextensible massless string over an ideal massless pulley. When m = m, the machine is in neutral equilibrium regardless of the position of the weights. When m ≠ m both masses experience uniform acceleration. We are able to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379381", "chunk_text": "\"Atwood machine\"\nmasses. The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks, and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other. Ski lifts are another example, where the gondolas move on a closed (continuous) pulley system up and down the mountain. The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator, but with a constraining force provided by the cable in the vertical dimension thereby achieving work in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Boat lifts are another type of counter-weighted elevator system approximating an Atwood machine. Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379380", "chunk_text": "\"Atwood machine\"\nand not the traction of the string on the pulley rim), these equations simplify as the following results: Acceleration: Tension in string segment nearest \"\"m\"\": Tension in string segment nearest \"\"m\"\": Atwood's original illustrations show the main pulley's axle resting on the rims of another four wheels, to minimize friction forces from the bearings. Many historical implementations of the machine follow this design. An elevator with a counterbalance approximates an ideal Atwood machine and thereby relieves the driving motor from the load of holding the elevator cab — it has to overcome only weight difference and inertia of the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379378", "chunk_text": "\"Atwood machine\"\nsimply formula_5 and formula_6 respectively. Forces affecting m: formula_7 Forces affecting m: formula_8 and adding the two previous equations we obtain formula_9, and our concluding formula for acceleration formula_10 Conversely, the acceleration due to gravity, \"\"g\"\", can be found by timing the movement of the weights, and calculating a value for the uniform acceleration \"\"a\"\": formula_11. The Atwood machine is sometimes used to illustrate the Lagrangian method of deriving equations of motion. It can be useful to know an equation for the tension in the string. To evaluate tension, substitute the equation for acceleration in either of the 2 force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10115605", "chunk_text": "\"Swinging Atwood's machine\"\nSwinging Atwood's machine The swinging Atwood's machine (SAM) is a mechanism that resembles a simple Atwood's machine except that one of the masses is allowed to swing in a two-dimensional plane, producing a dynamical system that is chaotic for some system parameters and initial conditions. Specifically, it comprises two masses (the pendulum, mass formula_1 and counterweight, mass formula_2) connected by an inextensible, massless string suspended on two frictionless pulleys of zero radius such that the pendulum can swing freely around its pulley without colliding with the counterweight. The conventional Atwood's machine allows only \"\"runaway\"\" solutions (\"\"i.e.\"\" either the pendulum or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17830464", "chunk_text": "\"Swinging Atwood's machine\"\nthis is an ellipse, and the system is bounded and the swinging mass always stays within the ellipse. For formula_69, it is a parabola and for formula_70 it is a hyperbola; in either of these cases, it is not bounded. As formula_71 gets arbitrarily large, the bounding curve approaches a circle. The region enclosed by the curve is known as the Hill's region. A new integrable case for the problem of three dimensional Swinging Atwood Machine (3D-SAM) is announced recently. Swinging Atwood's machine The swinging Atwood's machine (SAM) is a mechanism that resembles a simple Atwood's machine except that one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227258", "chunk_text": "\"Woodworking machine\"\nWoodworking machine A Woodworking machine is a wood machine that is intended to process wood. These machines are usually powered by electric motors and are used extensively in woodworking. Sometimes grinding machines (for grinding woodworking down in to smaller pieces a wood worker shall be for but also tools) are also considered a part of woodworking machinery These machines are used both in small-scale commercial production of timber products and by hobbyists. Most of these machines may be used on solid timber and on composite products. Machines can be divided into the bigger stationary machines where the machine remains stationary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379377", "chunk_text": "\"Atwood machine\"\nderive an equation for the acceleration by analyzing forces. If we consider a massless, inextensible string and an ideal massless pulley, the only forces we have to consider are: tension force (\"\"T\"\"), and the weight of the two masses (\"\"W\"\" and \"\"W\"\"). To find an acceleration we need to consider the forces affecting each individual mass. Using Newton's second law (with a sign convention of we can derive a system of equations for the acceleration (\"\"a\"\"). As a sign convention, we assume that \"\"a\"\" is positive when downward for formula_1 and upward for formula_2. Weight of formula_1 and formula_2 is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3379379", "chunk_text": "\"Atwood machine\"\nequations. formula_12 For example, substituting into formula_13, results in formula_14 For very small mass differences between \"\"m\"\" and \"\"m\"\", the rotational inertia \"\"I\"\" of the pulley of radius r cannot be neglected. The angular acceleration of the pulley is given by the no-slip condition: formula_15 where formula_16 is the angular acceleration. The net torque is then: formula_17 Combining with Newton's second law for the hanging masses, and solving for \"\"T\"\", \"\"T\"\", and \"\"a\"\", we get: Acceleration: Tension in string segment nearest \"\"m\"\": Tension in string segment nearest \"\"m\"\": Should bearing friction be negligible (but not the inertia of the pulley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19267443", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic tool changer\"\nAutomatic tool changer An Automatic tool changer or ATC is used in computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to improve the production and tool carrying capacity of the machine. ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a number of tools. It is also used to change worn out or broken tools. It is one more step towards complete automation. Simple CNC machines work with a single tool. Turrets can work with a large number of tools. But if even more tools are required,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929996", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic tool changer\"\nthe automatic renewal of cutting edges. . Automatic tool changer An Automatic tool changer or ATC is used in computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to improve the production and tool carrying capacity of the machine. ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a number of tools. It is also used to change worn out or broken tools. It is one more step towards complete automation. Simple CNC machines work with a single tool. Turrets can work with a large number of tools.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1320822", "chunk_text": "\"Swinging Atwood's machine\"\ncounterweight eventually collides with its pulley), except for formula_3. However, the swinging Atwood's machine with formula_4 has a large parameter space of conditions that lead to a variety of motions that can be classified as terminating or non-terminating, periodic, quasiperiodic or chaotic, bounded or unbounded, singular or non-singular due to the pendulum's reactive centrifugal force counteracting the counterweight's weight. Research on the SAM started as part of a 1982 senior thesis entitled \"\"Smiles and Teardrops\"\" (referring to the shape of some trajectories of the system) by Nicholas Tufillaro at Reed College, directed by David J. Griffiths. The swinging Atwood's machine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12260283", "chunk_text": "\"Swinging Atwood's machine\"\nis a system with two degrees of freedom. We may derive its equations of motion using either Hamiltonian mechanics or Lagrangian mechanics. Let the swinging mass be formula_1 and the non-swinging mass be formula_2. The kinetic energy of the system, formula_7, is: where formula_9 is the distance of the swinging mass to its pivot, and formula_10 is the angle of the swinging mass relative to pointing straight downwards. The potential energy formula_11 is solely due to the acceleration due to gravity: We may then write down the Lagrangian, formula_13, and the Hamiltonian, formula_14 of the system: We can then express", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11299360", "chunk_text": "\"Sex machine\"\nSex machine A sex machine, also known as a fucking machine, is a mechanical device used to simulate human sexual intercourse or other sexual activity. Devices can be penetrative or extractive. A typical penetrative machine works by the transfer of rotational or reciprocating force from a motor to a directional motion on a shaft, which is tipped by a dildo. A hand-held modified reciprocating saw device is sometimes called a fucksaw, a hand-held modified drill motor rotating device is sometimes called a drilldo, and a modified jigsaw is called a jillsaw. An extractive device works like a milking machine and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227259", "chunk_text": "\"Woodworking machine\"\nwhile the material is moved over the machine, and hand-held power tools, where the tool is moved over the material. These machines are used in large-scale manufacturing of cabinets and other wooden or panel products. Panel dividing equipment, classified by number of beam, loading system, saw carriage speed Double end tenoner, classified by conveyor type Panel edge processing equipment, classified by conveyor speed classified by number of boring heads Woodworking machine A Woodworking machine is a wood machine that is intended to process wood. These machines are usually powered by electric motors and are used extensively in woodworking. Sometimes grinding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5247828", "chunk_text": "\"Morton Mower\"\ncorrecting abnormal cardiac activity by low energy shocks Low Energy Defibrillation Electrode Antitachycardial Pacing System and method for multiple site biphasic stimulation to revert ventricular arrhythmias Wickelgren, Ingrid. \"\"New Devices are Helping Transform Coronary Care.\"\" \"\"Science\"\" 272 (1996): 668-70. Wilson, Leslie, and Patricia G. Miller. \"\"A Lifesaving Device.\"\" \"\"The American Journal of Nursing\"\" 86 (1986): 1004-007 [1] National Inventors Hall of Fame Profile [2] An Inquiring Mind for the Beating Heart - University of Maryland Medical Alumni Association [3] Pop Art Prints to Be Displayed at Johns Hopkins April 12-30 – Headlines@Hopkins [4] Remastered – Baltimore Citypaper [5] 8th International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6631485", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum power principle\"\nDavis said that, \"\"The maximum power principle is a potential guide to understanding the patterns and processes of ecosystem development and sustainability. The principle predicts the selective persistence of ecosystem designs that capture a previously untapped energy source.\"\" (2006, p. 317). In several texts H.T. Odum gave the Atwood machine as a practical example of the 'principle' of maximum power. The mathematical definition given by H.T. Odum is formally analogous to the definition provided on the maximum power theorem article. (For a brief explanation of Odum's approach to the relationship between ecology and electronics see Ecological Analog of Ohm's Law)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17514873", "chunk_text": "\"CNC wood router\"\nmultiple components are routed from a single sheet. This type of manufacturing precludes edge drilling or undercut edge work on components. Vacuum pumps are required with both types of tables where volume and \"\"strength\"\" are determined based on the types of materials being cut. Proper operation and maintenance in right way can greatly extend machine's life and reduce the incidence of failures. CNC wood router A CNC wood router is a CNC router tool that creates objects from wood. CNC stands for \"\"computer numerical control\"\". The CNC works on the Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, Z) for 3D motion control.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6230392", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Kavanaugh\"\n(ATC), a collaborative ecosystem to design, build, educate, demonstrate and deploy innovative technology products and integrated architectural solutions for World Wide Technology customers, partners and employees. \"\"It's a virtual ecosystem,\"\" Kavanaugh says. \"\"We can bring in software, but we actually bring in the physical hardware too. So we’re able to replicate not only what the software looks like but we do it in physical environments that simulate that customer’s environment. … It's definitely not a standard offering for what systems integrators are bringing to their customers. I think it's very unique.\"\" WWT’s annual revenue is estimated to be greater than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20603532", "chunk_text": "\"Atari Transputer Workstation\"\noperation in a fashion similar to a modern graphics processing unit's ability to apply several textures to a 3D object. One oddity of the ATW is that it appears that the Blossom is responsible for the DRAM refresh, although the ATW includes such hardware internally. Atari Transputer Workstation The Atari Transputer Workstation (also known as ATW-800, or simply ATW) is a workstation class computer released by Atari Corporation in the late 1980s, based on the INMOS transputer. It was introduced in 1987 as the Abaq, but the name was changed before sales began. Sales were almost non-existent, and the product", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9791035", "chunk_text": "\"Firewood processor\"\nmachine, up to five or six cords per hour on a $100,000 industrial machine. (\"\"2012 prices\"\"). \"\"See notes on output capacity ratings below.\"\" The choice of machine depends on a large number of variables other than straight production output. Different markets require different processing. For example, people who heat with large outside wood boilers prefer large, slow-burning pieces of hardwood, while a good campfire is made of small pieces of fast-burning softwood. Restaurants with wood-fired ovens prefer small pieces as well, but of hardwood or specialty species. The physics of the process demand that it requires a larger machine to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "979637", "chunk_text": "\"CNC router\"\ncommercially impractical. A CNC wood router is a computer-controlled router tool that carves/etches objects or images into the face of a piece of wood. The CNC Router is ideal for hobbies, engineering prototyping, product development, art, and production works. The CNC works on the Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, Z) for 3D motion control; however, typical CNC operated systems can only make carvings on flat planes. The machine sits on a track and is not capable of making round or spherical cuts. Parts of a project can be designed in the computer with a CAD/CAM program, and then cut automatically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5277044", "chunk_text": "\"Arbor press\"\nArbor press An arbor press is a small hand operated press. It is typically used to perform smaller jobs, such as staking, riveting, installing, configuring and removing bearings and other press fit work. Punches, inserters, or other tools/dies may be added to the end of the ram depending on the desired task. Arbor presses are usually rated by the maximum load they can apply. Typically common are presses with a leverage of 1–5 tons. This leverage is achieved when a force is applied to the lever arm or wheel. Arbor presses can be mounted on a work bench, wall, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5340879", "chunk_text": "\"Combination machine\"\nCombination machine A combination machine is a woodworking machine that combines the functions of two or more separate machines into a single unit. For example, a combination machine might consist of a tablesaw with a side mounted jointer. Another common example of this type of machine is the \"\"jointer-thicknesser\"\" (also known as an \"\"over-under\"\") which combines the function of a jointer with that of a planer. Some combination machines run all of their functions from a single motor; others may use more than one. Cutter heads are often shared: for example a jointer-thicknesser may use the same cutter head for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2598434", "chunk_text": "WorldBench\nincorporated into the next version of WorldBench, along with several other new additions, is currently taking place in the PCWorld Lab. WorldBench is no longer available to the public, and the test suite is now exclusively used by the PCWorld Lab in their benchmarks. WorldBench uses popular desktop applications to perform realistic tasks, making it easier to accurately gauge how fast a computer runs applications routinely used, rather than just listing abstract measures of individual components. The application-based tests tell exactly what is needed—how fast the computer runs real applications. WorldBench installs special versions of each application tested, enabling the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9620606", "chunk_text": "\"Combination machine\"\nstraight edge to be cut on rough lumber, without the use of a fence. It also allows a cut to be made accurately at any angle across a sheet of plywood in just seconds - something that cannot be done nearly as easily, if at all, on a table saw. Used in conjunction with the shaper, the sliding table allows molding, door panels, rails and stiles, to be milled quickly and more accurately than a stand-alone shaper. Combination machine A combination machine is a woodworking machine that combines the functions of two or more separate machines into a single unit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20108984", "chunk_text": "\"CNC wood router\"\nCNC wood router A CNC wood router is a CNC router tool that creates objects from wood. CNC stands for \"\"computer numerical control\"\". The CNC works on the Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, Z) for 3D motion control. Parts of a project can be designed in the computer with a CAD/CAM program, and then cut automatically using a router or other cutters to produce a finished part. The CNC router is ideal for hobbies, engineering prototyping, product development, art, and production work. A CNC wood router uses CNC (computer numerical control) and is similar to a metal CNC mill with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1320825", "chunk_text": "\"Swinging Atwood's machine\"\nmachine: The swinging Atwood's machine has a four-dimensional phase space defined by formula_9, formula_10 and their corresponding canonical momenta formula_16 and formula_17. However, due to energy conservation, the phase space is constrained to three dimensions. If the pulleys in the system are taken to have moment of inertia formula_39 and radius formula_40, the Hamiltonian of the SAM is then: Where is the effective total mass of the system, This reduces to the version above when formula_40 and formula_39 become zero. The equations of motion are now: where formula_46. Hamiltonian systems can be classified as integrable and nonintegrable. SAM is integrable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5859668", "chunk_text": "\"Knitting machine\"\nKnitting machine A knitting machine is a device used to create knitted fabrics in a semi or fully automated fashion. There are numerous types of knitting machines, ranging from simple spool or board templates with no moving parts to highly complex mechanisms controlled by electronics. All, however, produce various types of knitted fabrics, usually either flat or tubular, and of varying degrees of complexity. Pattern stitches can be selected by hand manipulation of the needles, or with push-buttons and dials, mechanical punch cards, or electronic pattern reading devices and computers. Early flat bed stocking frames had low carbon steel bearded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10980105", "chunk_text": "Prototype\nof Athearn's (among other manufacturers) locomotive model. Technically, any non-living object can serve as a prototype for a model, including structures, equipment, and appliances, and so on, but generally prototypes have come to mean full-size real-world vehicles including automobiles (the prototype 1957 Chevy has spawned many models), military equipment (such as M4 Shermans, a favorite among US Military modelers), railroad equipment, motor trucks, motorcycles, and space-ships (real-world such as Apollo/Saturn Vs, or the ISS). As of 2014, basic rapid prototype machines (such as 3D printers) cost about $2,000, but larger and more precise machines can cost as much as $500,000.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16690494", "chunk_text": "\"Advanced Thermal Recycling (ATR) system\"\nAdvanced Thermal Recycling (ATR) system An Advanced Thermal Recycling (ATR) system (or ATR system) is an advancement of existing energy-from-waste (EfW) technology. An ATR system converts municipal solid waste (MSW) into either electricity or steam for district heating or industrial customers. The combustion bottom ash and the combustion fly ash, along with the air pollution control system fly ash, are treated to produce products that can be beneficially reused. Specifically, ATR systems consist of the following: As a result of the growing need to manage waste from throughout greater Hamburg, the first commercially operating ATR facility – the Müllverwertung Rugenberger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20603526", "chunk_text": "\"Atari Transputer Workstation\"\nAtari Transputer Workstation The Atari Transputer Workstation (also known as ATW-800, or simply ATW) is a workstation class computer released by Atari Corporation in the late 1980s, based on the INMOS transputer. It was introduced in 1987 as the Abaq, but the name was changed before sales began. Sales were almost non-existent, and the product was canceled after only a few hundred units had been produced. In 1986 Tim King left his job at MetaComCo, along with a few other employees, to start Perihelion Software in England. There they started development of a new parallel-processing operating system known as \"\"HeliOS\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4490933", "chunk_text": "\"Punching machine\"\nPunching machine A punching machine is a machine tool for punching and embossing flat sheet-materials to produce form-features needed as mechanical element and/or to extend static stability of a sheet section. Punch presses are developed for high flexibility and efficient processing of metal stampings. The main areas of application are for small and medium runs. Those machines are typically equipped with a linear die carrier (tool carrier) and quick change tools. Today the method is used where the application of lasers are inefficient or technically impractical. CNC is the abbreviation of Computer Numerically Controlled. After programming the work pieces and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9620605", "chunk_text": "\"Combination machine\"\nKnapp, Lurem, Mini-Max, Robland, Rojek, Veba and others. Rojek and Robland manufacture entry level models, Hammer, Lurem, MiniMax and Veba mid-range models, Felder and Knapp high-end models. Robland purchased Knapp from the Metabo group in 2000. The European combination machine allows efficient processing of both rough-cut timber and sheet stock (i.e. plywood). The sliding table can work in conjunction with either the table saw or the shaper. Outfitted with an 8-foot sliding table and outrigger, a single person can cut 4'x8' plywood very accurately and efficiently. Changing between most functions takes only a few seconds. The sliding table allows a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9266700", "chunk_text": "\"CNC router\"\nCNC router A computer numerical control (CNC) router is a computer-controlled cutting machine related to the hand-held router used for cutting various hard materials, such as wood, composites, aluminium, steel, plastics, glass, and foams. CNC routers can perform the tasks of many carpentry shop machines such as the panel saw, the spindle moulder, and the boring machine. They can also cut mortises and tenons. A CNC router is very similar in concept to a CNC milling machine. Instead of routing by hand, tool paths are controlled via computer numerical control. The CNC router is one of many kinds of tools", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6165327", "chunk_text": "\"3D printing\"\nimmobilized on 3D-printed nylon beads was chosen as a model study. It was shown that those 3D-printed beads were capable to promote high density cell attachment and propionic acid production, which could be adapted to other fermentation bioprocesses. In 2005, academic journals had begun to report on the possible artistic applications of 3D printing technology. As of 2017, domestic 3D printing was reaching a consumer audience beyond hobbyists and enthusiasts. Off the shelf machines were incerasingly capable of producing practical household applications, for example, ornamental objects. Some practical examples include a working clock and gears printed for home woodworking machines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5247827", "chunk_text": "\"Morton Mower\"\nhelped improve the quality of life for thousands of patients. The hospital continues to follow in their footsteps, providing the highest level of commitment to cardiology and medicine to its patients.” Method and apparatus for treating hemodynamic dysfunction Method and Apparatus to Allow Cyclic Pacing at an Average Rate Just Above the Intrinsic Heart Rate so as to Maximize Inotropic Pacing Effects at Minimal Heart Rates Cardioverting Device Having Single Intravascular Catheter Electrode System and Method for its Use Cardiac Electrode with Attachment Fin Atrial Sensing and Multiple Site Stimulation as Intervention Means for Atrial Fibrillation Method and apparatus for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9798046", "chunk_text": "\"Thermwood Corporation\"\nproducts are based around the CNC router market. Its product offering includes machines, hardware, tooling, software, components and materials. Its CNC routers are sold through a dealership network. It also manages over 25,000 custom cabinet shops called eCabinet Systems. It supplies these shops with advanced cabinet design and room layout software for free. Thermwood's corporate headquarters are located in Dale, Indiana. Its main facility consists of , which includes an office/showroom, and an engineering and manufacturing plant. It has a second building north of Dale which contains the software development team. The , two-story office/showroom contains executive offices, dining rooms,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20108985", "chunk_text": "\"CNC wood router\"\nthe following differences: A wood router is controlled in the same way as a metal mill, but there are CAM and CAD applications such as Artcam, Mastercam, Bobcad, and AlphaCam, which are specifically designed for use with wood routers. Wood routers are frequently used to machine other soft materials such as plastics. Typical three-axis CNC wood routers are generally much bigger than their metal shop counterparts. 5' x 5', 4' x 8', and 5' x 10' are typical bed sizes for wood routers. They can be built to accommodate very large sizes up to, but not limited to 12' x", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3867818", "chunk_text": "Woodchipper\nWoodchipper A tree chipper or woodchipper is a machine used for reducing wood (generally tree limbs or trunks) into smaller woodchips. They are often portable, being mounted on wheels on frames suitable for towing behind a truck or van. Power is generally provided by an internal combustion engine from to . There are also high power chipper models mounted on trucks and powered by a separate engine. These models usually also have a hydraulic crane. Tree chippers are typically made of a hopper with a collar, the chipper mechanism itself, and an optional collection bin for the chips. A tree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4824818", "chunk_text": "\"CNC router\"\nCNC machine can understand. In short, CNC technology is not very complicated. It is a tool controlled by a computer. It only becomes more sophisticated when considering how the computer controls the tool. The illustration shows what a bare-bones CNC machine might look like without its controller. CNC routers come in many configurations, from small home-style D.I.Y. \"\"desktop” like next wave cnc, to large industrial CNC routers like those manufactured for commercial use by Industrial CNC. CNC routers are used in sign shops, cabinet making, aerospace and boat-making facilities. Originally CNC routers added computer control to consumer router power tools.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12100444", "chunk_text": "\"Work (physics)\"\nthe system, because the component of velocity along the constraint force at each point of application is zero. For example, in a pulley system like the Atwood machine, the internal forces on the rope and at the supporting pulley do no work on the system. Therefore work need only be computed for the gravity forces acting on the bodies. For example, the centripetal force exerted \"\"inwards\"\" by a string on a ball in uniform circular motion \"\"sideways\"\" constrains the ball to circular motion restricting its movement away from the center of the circle. This force does zero work because it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12780564", "chunk_text": "\"Computer-aided manufacturing\"\nComputer-aided manufacturing Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software to control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces. This is not the only definition for CAM, but it is the most common; CAM may also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management, transportation and storage. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10472980", "chunk_text": "Lathe\nLathe A lathe () is a machine that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis. Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal spraying, parts reclamation, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9798044", "chunk_text": "\"Thermwood Corporation\"\none of the oldest CNC router companies. Its machines are used for many applications in the wood, furniture, and cabinet industries, but are also used for other well-known products. Its products are also used to create the interior of commercial airliners, helicopter blades, parts for military aircraft, and underlayment for space shuttles. Its machines create parts for bowling alleys, bicycle helmets, spas, motorcycle parts, and truck bodies. They are also used on Broadway sets, including Batman, Jurassic Park 3, and Star Wars. Its products have helped rebuild Windsor Castle and the Opera House in London. They were also used by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16889196", "chunk_text": "\"American Association of Woodturners\"\nare organized around specific woodturning techniques. The three virtual chapters include the Ornamental Turners International, Segmented Woodturners, and Pen Turners www.principallypens.com. Ornamental woodturners specialize in the use of an ornamental lathe such as the Rose engine lathe. Segmented woodturning involves joining individual pieces of wood together prior to turning to create intricate patterns and dramatic visual effects. Pen turners specialize in making pens and other writing instruments out of both wood and synthetic materials. Annual symposiums have been sponsored and organized by the AAW each year since 1987, alternating in cities around the United States. The first symposium was held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19722505", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic train operation\"\nAutomatic train operation Automatic train operation (ATO) is an operational safety enhancement device used to help automate operations of trains. Mainly, it is used on automated guideway transits and rapid transit systems which are easier to ensure safety of humans. Most systems elect to maintain a driver (train operator) to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Many modern systems are linked with Automatic Train Control (ATC) and in many cases Automatic Train Protection (ATP) where normal signaller operations such as route setting and train regulation are carried out by the system. The ATO and ATC/ATP systems will work together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "411412", "chunk_text": "\"Tolbert Lanston\"\nseries of prototypes. John Sellers Bancroft of Sellers & Co in Philadelphia was asked to help with the development of the machine. This man made a series of important improvements. A wedge to govern the width of the character. This wedge makes the same movement as the diecase with the matrices, in one direction. The matrices are ordered in the diecase, each row has only matrices for characters of the same width. The wedge controls the opening in the mould. Compressed air was used to control the movements of the matrices above the mould of the machine. This machine was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6282874", "chunk_text": "\"The Woodwright's Shop\"\nthe wood joints described on the show. Hand tools are a major focus of the show. All of the hand tools used on the show are manually operated (i.e. non-electric). Proper handling and maintenance of tools is also part of the show. This includes the sharpening and sometimes making of tools, such as a scraper made from an old saw blade. The most commonly used machine tool on the show is the lathe. Underhill typically uses a treadle lathe, but has also shown the viewers how to build and operate a spring pole lathe. He also often uses a gouge,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12622988", "chunk_text": "\"Horseback riding simulators\"\ndifficulty level can be set by the therapist and increased gradually in subsequent sessions to reflect the patient’s progress and abilities. Some people use these simulators as personal exercise machines to tone core muscles in an easy and low-impact manner. Products that attempt to accurately imitate the movement of a real horse and are sometimes used for therapeutic purposes as well as for developing equestrian skills or conditioning are the Equicizer, an American-developed mechanical product that resembles the body of a horse, imitates the movement of a horse, and can be used at slower speeds for therapeutic and rehabilitation purposes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_182	who starred in the movie natural born killers?	n/a	[ "Robert Downey Jr.", "Robert Downey, Jr.", "Woody Harrelson", "Juliette Lewis", "Tom Sizemore", "Tommy Lee Jones" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415842", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nNatural Born Killers Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. The film is based on an original screenplay by Quentin Tarantino that was heavily revised by Stone, writer David Veloz, and associate producer Richard Rutowski. Tarantino received a story credit. Jane Hamsher, Don Murphy, and Clayton Townsend produced the film, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415875", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nHigh School massacre. The soundtrack was released August 23, 1994 by Interscope Records. Tracks 10, 13, 18, 20, 23, and 25 are assembled from various recordings and dialogue from the film. Natural Born Killers Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. The film is based on an original screenplay by Quentin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14219918", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Hamsher\"\n$10,000, they secured an option on the original screenplay for the 1994 satirical crime film \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", written by a then-unknown Quentin Tarantino. However, \"\"the film, directed by Oliver Stone, departed significantly from Tarantino's original screenplay, so much so that Tarantino removed his name from the screenplay credits.\"\" The film starred Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Tom Sizemore, Rodney Dangerfield, Robert Downey, Jr., and Tommy Lee Jones. It was co-produced with Thom Mount and Arnon Milchan, and its credited screenwriters included Stone, Dave Veloz, and Richard Rutowski. In addition to co-producing the film, Hamsher also had an uncredited cameo in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415860", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nGale, Downey spent time with Australian TV shock-king Steve Dunleavy, and later convinced Stone to allow him to portray Gale with an Australian accent. Also during pre-production, Stone tried to convince actress Juliette Lewis to bulk up for the role of Mallory so that she looked tougher, but she refused, saying she wanted the character to look like a pushover, not a bodybuilder. Principal photography took only 56 days to shoot, but the editing process went on for 11 months, with the final film containing almost 3,000 cuts (most films have 600–700). Filming locations included the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415843", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nArnon Milchan, Thom Mount, and Stone as executive producers. The film was released on August 26, 1994 in the United States, and also screened at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 1994. It was a box office success, grossing over $50 million against a production budget of $34 million, and received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the cast's performances, the humor, plot and combination of action and romance; some found the film too violent and graphic. Notorious for its violent content and inspiring \"\"copycat\"\" crimes, the film was named the eighth most controversial film in history by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415856", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nmicrophone. The couple is shown several years later, in an RV, with Mickey driving and a pregnant Mallory watching their two children play. \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" was based upon a screenplay written by Quentin Tarantino, in which a married couple suddenly decide to go on a killing spree. Tarantino had sold an option for his script to producers Jane Hamsher and Don Murphy for $10,000 after he had tried, and failed, to direct it himself for $500,000. Hamsher and Murphy subsequently sold the screenplay to Warner Bros. Around the same time, Oliver Stone was made aware of the script. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415858", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nStone, and that he wished the film well. Initially, when producers Hamsher and Murphy had first brought the script to Stone's attention, he had seen it as an action film; \"\"something Arnold Schwarzenegger would be proud of.\"\" As the project developed however, incidents such as the O.J. Simpson case, the Menendez brothers case, the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan incident, the Rodney King incident, and the Federal assault of the Branch Davidian sect all took place. Stone came to feel that the media was heavily involved in the outcome of all of these cases, and that the media had become an all-pervasive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11835711", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\nthe perpetrators mention how Hollywood will want to adapt their life story, and they debate on whether or not Steven Spielberg or Quentin Tarantino (who conceived the story for \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\") are appropriate choices to direct the proposed film. In 2003 the Columbine High School massacre was dramatized on \"\"Zero Day (film)\"\", directed by Ben Coccio, with the killers being portrayed by Andre Keuck and Cal Robertson. On April 23, 2006, Jeremy Allan Steinke (23) and his 12-year-old girlfriend Jasmine Richardson murdered her parents, Marc and Debra Richardson, as well as her 8-year-old brother, Jacob, in Medicine Hat, Alberta.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "450827", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killaz\"\nUnited Kingdom. The production credits features Soopafly on the keyboards and Nanci Fletcher on vocals. The song covers such subjects as mass murder, Sarah Connor from the \"\"Terminator\"\" films, Al Cowlings' tight bond with O. J. Simpson, schizophrenia, Charles Manson, the attack on Reginald Denny during the Rodney King riots, strychnine poisoning, flagellation in Singapore, Jeffrey Dahmer, Kurt Cobain's suicide and psilocybin mushrooms. The album song portrays a couple (performed by Priest ‘Soopafly’ Brooks and Nanci Fletcher) walking down the street in a bad neighborhood, until, from a distance, they are yelled at and verbally insulted by a local thug.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12815224", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Hamsher\"\nJane Hamsher Jane Hamsher (born Jane Murphy; July 25, 1959) is a US film producer, author, and blogger best known as the author of \"\"Killer Instinct\"\", a memoir about co-producing the 1994 movie \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" with Don Murphy and others, and as the founder and publisher of the politically progressive blog \"\"FireDogLake\"\" (2004 – 2015). With Murphy, she also co-produced the subsequent films \"\"Apt Pupil\"\" (1998), \"\"Permanent Midnight\"\" (1998), and \"\"From Hell\"\" (2001). A contributor to \"\"The Huffington Post\"\", she posts also in liberal Websites and political magazines, such as \"\"AlterNet\"\" and \"\"The American Prospect\"\". Hamsher is a Massachusetts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15980022", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Hamsher\"\nconference programs, she participated in the South by Southwest (SXSW) Interactive Panels, held in Austin, Texas, from March 9 to 13, 2007, in which she also moderated Dan Rather's \"\"Keynote Interview\"\" event on Monday, March 12, and in the panel on \"\"Political Blogging: Macaca Mania\"\" at the BlogWorld & New Media Expo 2008, in Las Vegas, Nevada, on September 20, 2008. Jane Hamsher Jane Hamsher (born Jane Murphy; July 25, 1959) is a US film producer, author, and blogger best known as the author of \"\"Killer Instinct\"\", a memoir about co-producing the 1994 movie \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" with Don Murphy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1114824", "chunk_text": "\"The Natural Born Thrillers\"\nThe Natural Born Thrillers The Natural Born Thrillers were a professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling from 2000 to 2001. The name is a play on the 1994 film \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\". The Natural Born Thrillers were made up of seven young wrestlers, all graduates of the WCW Power Plant. They were trained by Paul Orndorff and WCW management decided to push them immediately. The Thrillers were Mike Sanders who was the leader of the group, Chuck Palumbo, Sean O'Haire, Shawn Stasiak, Reno, Mark Jindrak and Johnny the Bull. They became the enforcer group for Vince Russo and Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491232", "chunk_text": "\"Arliss Howard\"\nSellars, and Gideon \"\"Babe\"\" Howard (born 1997) with Winger. Notes Arliss Howard Arliss Howard (born Leslie Richard Howard; October 18, 1954) is an American actor, writer and film director. Howard was born in Independence, Missouri and has a younger brother, Jim Howard (b. 1956). He graduated from Truman High School and Columbia College in Columbia, Missouri. Howard established his career with stand-out roles in \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", \"\"Full Metal Jacket\"\", and \"\"Ruby\"\". In \"\"Till Death Us Do Part\"\" (1992), he portrayed author and attorney Vincent Bugliosi, who led the prosecution in the Tate-LaBianca murder trial. In 1997, he co-starred in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11835705", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\nAmendment, the case was dismissed, but Byers immediately appealed the decision, and on May 15, 1998, the Intermediate Louisiana Court of Appeals overturned that decision, claiming that Byers did indeed have a valid case against the filmmakers (However, Byers herself died of cancer in late 1997). However, on March 12, 2001, judge Robert Morrison dismissed the case on the grounds that there was no evidence that either Time Warner or Stone intended to incite violence. In June 2002, the Louisiana Court of Appeal turned down an appeal from Byers' attorneys, and the suit was officially closed. Sarah Edmondson has since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4812852", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Richman\"\n2\"\". In 1989, he played a role in the cult film \"\"Heathers\"\". His other films include \"\"Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\"\" (2005), \"\"The Education of Charlie Banks\"\" (2007) and a minor role in Oliver Stone's \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" and Adam Collis \"\"Sunset Strip\"\". Richman had minor roles in the following television shows: \"\"The Twilight Zone\"\", \"\"21 Jump Street\"\", and \"\"Pacific Blue\"\". Richman is the manager of a rock band called Deadsy. Josh Richman Josh Eric Richman (born May 21, 1965) is an American actor, writer, producer, and director. He is best known for his work with Guns N' Roses. His first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415869", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nan A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert of the \"\"Chicago Sun-Times\"\" gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, \"\"Seeing this movie once is not enough. The first time is for the visceral experience, the second time is for the meaning.\"\" On his television show, his partner Gene Siskel agreed with him, adding extra praise to the scene featuring Rodney Dangerfield. Other critics found the film unsuccessful in its aims. Hal Hinson of \"\"The Washington Post\"\" claimed that \"\"Stone's sensibility is white-hot and personal. As much as he'd like us to believe that his camera is turned outward", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415859", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nentity which marketed violence and suffering for the good of ratings. As such, he changed the tone of the movie from one of simple action to a satirical critique of the media in general. Also coloring Stone's approach, and contributing to the violent nature of the film, were the anger and sadness he felt at the breakdown of his second marriage. He also said in an interview that the film was influenced by the \"\"vitality\"\" of Indian cinema. He let Rodney Dangerfield write or rewrite all of his own character's lines. During pre-production, to prepare for the role of Wayne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8486587", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\nNatural Born Killers copycat crimes Since the 1994 film Natural Born Killers was released, there have been several copycat crimes committed by fans of the film, mostly by high school students within the age range of 15-18. Though most of the incidents below are thought to have occurred as a result of the film, the actual reasons for these acts being committed remain unknown. On March 5, 1995, Sarah Edmondson (18) and her boyfriend Benjamin James Darras (18) spent a night alone together at her family's cabin in Muskogee, Oklahoma, watching \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\". Two days later, they left the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11835714", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\nrevolver and .25 caliber semiautomatic pistol) that belonged to his father, and was carrying approximately 78 rounds of ammunition. He opened fire at students, killing two, Arnold Fritz and Manuel Vela, Jr., both fourteen. Another student, 13-year-old Natalie Hintz, sustained critical gunshot wounds to the right arm and abdomen, and was airlifted to Harborview Medical Center in Seattle. Loukaitis then fatally shot his algebra teacher Leona Caires in the chest. Teacher and coach Jon Lane entered the classroom upon hearing the gunshots to find Loukaitis holding his classmates hostage. He planned to use one hostage so he could safely exit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12330292", "chunk_text": "\"Arliss Howard\"\nArliss Howard Arliss Howard (born Leslie Richard Howard; October 18, 1954) is an American actor, writer and film director. Howard was born in Independence, Missouri and has a younger brother, Jim Howard (b. 1956). He graduated from Truman High School and Columbia College in Columbia, Missouri. Howard established his career with stand-out roles in \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", \"\"Full Metal Jacket\"\", and \"\"Ruby\"\". In \"\"Till Death Us Do Part\"\" (1992), he portrayed author and attorney Vincent Bugliosi, who led the prosecution in the Tate-LaBianca murder trial. In 1997, he co-starred in \"\"Jurassic Park\"\"s sequel, \"\"\"\", as Hammond's conniving nephew Peter Ludlow,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542094", "chunk_text": "\"Dale Dye\"\nscuba-dive in preparation for his role in \"\"Aquaman\"\". He appeared in the 2011 Tom Hanks film \"\"Larry Crowne\"\". He was the technical adviser for the 1994 Oliver Stone movie \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", making a brief appearance as a fictionalized, police-lieutenant version of himself. Dye played Col. Porter in the TNT science fiction series \"\"Falling Skies\"\" from 2011 to 2013. he was preparing to direct two films, \"\"No Better Place to Die\"\", which he wrote, and \"\"Citizen Soldiers\"\". During the Second Gulf War, Dye was hired as a military commentator by radio station KFI AM 640 in Los Angeles and given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5903546", "chunk_text": "\"Juliette Lewis\"\nJuliette Lewis Juliette L. Lewis (born June 21, 1973) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her portrayals of offbeat characters, often in films with dark themes. She began her career with small roles in film and on television during the late 1980s. In 1991, she received acclaim for her performance in \"\"Cape Fear\"\", which earned Lewis nominations for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. She has since appeared in films such as \"\"Husbands and Wives\"\" (1992), \"\"Kalifornia\"\"; \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\" (both 1993), \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" (1994), \"\"The Basketball Diaries\"\"; \"\"Strange Days\"\" (both 1995), \"\"From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20802986", "chunk_text": "\"Hunter Killer (film)\"\nHunter Killer (film) Hunter Killer is a 2018 American action thriller film directed by Donovan Marsh, written by Arne Schmidt and Jamie Moss, and based on the 2012 novel \"\"Firing Point\"\" by Don Keith and George Wallace. The film stars Gerard Butler, Gary Oldman, Michael Nyqvist (in one of his final film roles), Common, Linda Cardellini and Toby Stephens, and follows a group of Navy SEALs who rescue the captured Russian President from a coup. \"\"Hunter Killer\"\" was released in the United States on October 26, 2018, by Summit Entertainment. A box office flop, the film received mixed reviews from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1407539", "chunk_text": "\"Juliette Lewis\"\na Scientologist. Juliette Lewis Juliette L. Lewis (born June 21, 1973) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her portrayals of offbeat characters, often in films with dark themes. She began her career with small roles in film and on television during the late 1980s. In 1991, she received acclaim for her performance in \"\"Cape Fear\"\", which earned Lewis nominations for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. She has since appeared in films such as \"\"Husbands and Wives\"\" (1992), \"\"Kalifornia\"\"; \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\" (both 1993), \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" (1994), \"\"The Basketball Diaries\"\"; \"\"Strange Days\"\" (both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6863459", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Montford\"\nin 2001. Her first major hit was the 2007 film \"\"Shoot 'Em Up\"\", on which she played a \"\"really hands on [role] ... from the casting to the music, and it was a great feeling to have it come together.\"\" Following the success of that film she wrote and directed the thriller \"\"While She Was Out\"\" starring Kim Basinger and Lukas Haas which was released in December 2008. She is married to Don Murphy, the American producer of \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" and the \"\"Transformers\"\" films. Susan Montford Susan Montford is a Scottish film director, screenwriter, and producer. She is related", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415863", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nbear ad is seen twice during the film. According to Stone, Coca-Cola approved the use of the ad without having a full idea of what the film was about. When they saw the completed film, they were furious. The film's soundtrack was produced by Stone and Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, who reportedly watched the film over 50 times to \"\"get in the mood\"\". Reznor reportedly produced the soundtrack while on tour. On his approach to compiling the soundtrack, Reznor told MTV: I suggested to Oliver [Stone] to try to turn the soundtrack into a collage-of-sound, kind of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "450828", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killaz\"\nThough the intro is different in the video and audio versions, both of them involve murder and end with the sound of a gunshot. The final shot of the video features a cameo from rapper and actor Tupac Shakur, prior to his association with Death Row Records, as a SWAT sniper who takes out Ice Cube's character. Although the song and video were highly popular, and debuted a short time after release of the Oliver Stone film \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", the song did not appear in the film or on its soundtrack. It did, however, appear in the 2011 film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17301905", "chunk_text": "\"Lanny Flaherty\"\nas well as a 2 episode stint on \"\"The Education of Max Bickford\"\" as Whammo. He resides in New York City. Lanny Flaherty at Aveleyman Lanny Flaherty Lanny Flaherty (born July 27, 1942) is an American actor of film and television. He has given his most memorable performances in \"\"Lonesome Dove\"\", \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Signs\"\". Flaherty attended University of Southern Mississippi after high school. He also had a brief role in \"\"Men in Black 3\"\" and has appeared as Jack Crow in Jim Mickles 2014 adaptation of \"\"Cold in July\"\". Other film appearances include \"\"Winter People\"\", \"\"Millers Crossing\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874919", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Baltz\"\nfirm grounding in both The Meisner Technique and Method, Baltz operates an acting school in Los Angeles, California. Kirk Baltz William Kirk Baltz (born September 14, 1959) is an American actor, perhaps best known for portraying Officer Marvin Nash in \"\"Reservoir Dogs\"\" (1992). Baltz was born in New York City, New York. He is best known for his role as Officer Marvin Nash, an LAPD police officer in the famous torture scene of the 1992 Quentin Tarantino film \"\"Reservoir Dogs\"\". Baltz also starred in another film written by Tarantino, 1994's \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", as Roger. His other film credits include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874917", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Baltz\"\nKirk Baltz William Kirk Baltz (born September 14, 1959) is an American actor, perhaps best known for portraying Officer Marvin Nash in \"\"Reservoir Dogs\"\" (1992). Baltz was born in New York City, New York. He is best known for his role as Officer Marvin Nash, an LAPD police officer in the famous torture scene of the 1992 Quentin Tarantino film \"\"Reservoir Dogs\"\". Baltz also starred in another film written by Tarantino, 1994's \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", as Roger. His other film credits include the 1990 drama film \"\"Dances With Wolves\"\", the 1997 action film \"\"Face/Off\"\" and the 1998 political satire \"\"Bulworth\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11835703", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\na friend of best-selling author John Grisham, who publicly accused Oliver Stone of being irresponsible in making the film, claiming that filmmakers should be held accountable for their work when it incites viewers to commit violent acts. In July 1995, Byers took legal actions against Edmondson and Darras, however in March 1996, she amended her lawsuit to include Stone and the Time Warner company. With the advice of Grisham, Byers used a \"\"product liability\"\" claim, stating that the filmmakers \"\"knew, or should have known that the film would cause and inspire people [...] to commit crimes such as the shooting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415871", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nsuch pans, which generally said that Oliver Stone was a hypocrite for making an ultra-violent film in the guise of a critique of American attitudes. Berardinelli noted that the movie \"\"hits the bullseye\"\" as a satire of America's lust for bloodshed, but repeated Stone's main point so often and so loudly that it became unbearable. Lionsgate Films released a director's cut on DVD. Stone himself retained ownership of his preferred cut. Distribution rights to the director's cut reverted from Lionsgate to Warner Bros. in 2009, giving Warner all distribution rights. After Quentin Tarantino attempted to publish his original screenplay to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1658051", "chunk_text": "\"High There\"\nbrief trailer that was posted on YouTube racked up more than 1.5 million views, while Darwen's appearance as Dave High on TheLipTV.com's Buzzsaw with Tyrel Ventura podcast shattered previous download records. Darwen has been cited as the inspiration for Robert Downey Jr.'s character Wayne Gale in Oliver Stone's film Natural Born Killers and has been called the \"\"new\"\" Hunter S. Thompson. On 8 August 2014, High There was named an official selection of the 2014 Action on Film International Film Festival. The festival in Monrovia, California hosted the premiere of the film on 25 August 2014. In advance of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415857", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nwas keen to find something more straightforward than his previous production, \"\"Heaven & Earth\"\"; a difficult shoot which had left him exhausted, and he felt that \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" could be what he was looking for. David Veloz, associate producer Richard Rutowski, and Stone rewrote the script, keeping much of the dialogue but changing the focus of the film from journalist Wayne Gale to Mickey and Mallory. The script was changed so much that as per WGA rules, Tarantino was credited for the film's story only. In a 1993 interview, Tarantino stated that he did not hold any animosity towards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17680782", "chunk_text": "\"Don Murphy\"\nDon Murphy Don Murphy (born April 1967) is an American film producer who produced \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" and many other films, including \"\"Transformers\"\" and \"\"\"\". Born in April 1967, Murphy grew up in Hicksville, New York and was educated at Chaminade High School in Mineola, New York. He attended Georgetown University and received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) from the McDonough School of Business. Having excelled academically, he was accepted into Georgetown Law. Murphy was the film critic for the Georgetown school newspaper, \"\"The Hoya\"\", for three years, and in summer jobs at his father's advertising agency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1463518", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Berdan\"\ncredit as Editor on the manic and controversial \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\". He continued working with Stone on \"\"Nixon\"\" and \"\"U Turn\"\". He lives in the Pacific Northwest. Brian Berdan Brian Berdan is a film editor with several high-grossing films to his name. He was born in Michigan and earned his glider pilot's licence on December 12, 1992. Graduating from UC Berkeley in 1984, Berdan started his career with a job sweeping floors at Studio C, in San Francisco, then moved on to Lucasfilm in the post production division. From there, he began his freelance editing career as an apprentice editor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15980018", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Hamsher\"\nHolm, Robbie Coltrane, Ian Richardson, and Jason Flemyng. Hamsher also produced or co-produced the 1990 dramatic feature film \"\"An American Summer\"\" and the 1994 live-action film adaptation \"\"Double Dragon\"\", based on \"\"Double Dragon\"\", a video game franchise. In September 1997, Hamsher published the controversial memoir \"\"Killer Instinct\"\" recounting her experiences as a producer of \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\". The \"\"L.A. Times\"\" said the book is \"\"chock-full of outrageous firsthand tales.\"\" As \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" put it, \"\"Stone is painted as a hard-partying womanizer who pits his underlings against each other and plays mind games...Tarantino gets off less easily. Hamsher charges that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17680784", "chunk_text": "\"Don Murphy\"\nproduce \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" based on a script written by Quentin Tarantino, who was then unknown. Director Oliver Stone committed to direct the film, and he installed Murphy and Hamsher as on-set producers, which was described as \"\"the equivalent of a crash course in filmmaking\"\". Murphy said, \"\"We wouldn't be where we are if not for Oliver.\"\" The film attracted attention upon release in 1994, and Hamsher documented the producers' involvement in the film in the best-selling book \"\"Killer Instinct\"\". In 1998, Murphy formed the production company Angry Films. He had an opportunity to see an unfinished cut of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415862", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nPOV scene wherein Mallory runs into the wire mesh, director of photography Robert Richardson broke his finger and the replacement cameraman cut his eye. According to Oliver Stone, he was not popular with the camera department on set that day. For the scenes involving rear projection, the projected footage was shot prior to principal photography, then edited together, and projected onto the stage, behind the live actors. For example, when Mallory drives past a building and flames are projected onto the wall, this was shot live using footage projected onto the facade of a real building. The famous Coca-Cola polar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11835708", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\nthe murdered children filed a $33 million lawsuit against Time Warner, Polygram Film, Palm Pictures, Island Pictures, New Line Cinema, Atari, Nintendo and Sony Computer Entertainment. Specifically mentioned were \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" and the 1995 film \"\"The Basketball Diaries\"\", as well as the video games \"\"Doom\"\", \"\"Redneck Rampage\"\", \"\"Nightmare Creatures\"\", \"\"Resident Evil\"\", and \"\"Mortal Kombat\"\". Thompson argued that the films and games had encouraged Carneal to act the way he did, and that \"\"Doom\"\" had provided him with excellent target practice. In July 2001 the US Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court's dismissal of the case. On April 20,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415874", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers\"\nthe film caused copycat murders in the USA and France, it was finally shown in cinemas in February 1995. The original intended UK home video release in March 1996 was cancelled due to the Dunblane massacre in Scotland. In the meantime, Channel Five showed the film in November 1997. It was finally released on video in July 2001. \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" ranked the film as the eighth most controversial film ever. From almost the moment of its release, the film has been accused of encouraging and inspiring numerous murderers in North America, including the Heath High School shooting and the Columbine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11921983", "chunk_text": "\"The Natural (film)\"\nThe Natural (film) The Natural is a 1984 American sports film based on Bernard Malamud's 1952 novel of the same name, directed by Barry Levinson and starring Robert Redford, Glenn Close, and Robert Duvall. Like the book, the film recounts the experiences of Roy Hobbs, an individual with great \"\"natural\"\" baseball talent, spanning the decades of Roy's career. It was the first film produced by TriStar Pictures. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actress (Close), and it was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress (Kim Basinger). Many of the baseball scenes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10815662", "chunk_text": "\"David Paul (actor)\"\nDavid Paul (actor) David Paul (born March 8, 1957) is an American actor, producer, television personality and bodybuilder. He and his twin brother Peter were born in Hartford, Connecticut. David Paul and his twin brother Peter Paul were collectively known as \"\"The Barbarians\"\", as they both starred in the 1987 film titled The Barbarians. They both appeared in an episode of \"\"Knight Rider\"\" entitled \"\"Knight of the Drones\"\". David and his twin brother, Peter Paul, had a small part in the Oliver Stone movie \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" in which they are in a bodybuilding public gym milieu being interviewed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17769393", "chunk_text": "\"John M. Watson Sr.\"\nJohn M. Watson Sr. John M. Watson Sr. (January 10, 1937 - September 7, 2006) was an American Jazz musician and actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in films such as Groundhog Day, The Fugitive, \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\", and Soul Food. He was also a noted trombonist with musicians Red Saunders and Count Basie. Watson was born in Albany, New York on January 10, 1937. His father was a musician who was known as an outstanding piano player, often subbing for the great Art Tatum. His mother was a college athlete and singer. Watson was raised in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16725225", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Pesci\"\nJoe Pesci Joseph Frank Pesci ( , ; born February 9, 1943) is an American actor, comedian and singer. Known for portraying tough, volatile characters, in a variety of genres, he is best known for his role as Vincent Gambini in \"\"My Cousin Vinny\"\" (1992), Harry Lime in \"\"Home Alone\"\" and \"\"\"\", as Leo Getz in the \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\" franchise, and for co-starring with Robert De Niro in the Martin Scorsese films \"\"Raging Bull\"\" (1980), \"\"Goodfellas\"\" (1990), and \"\"Casino\"\" (1995). Pesci won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic gangster Tommy DeVito (based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3978617", "chunk_text": "\"Murder in the Heartland\"\nwas nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special. Ronald Victor Garcia was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography. An edited version of the production saw a limited release on VHS. Previously inspired by the Starkweather story were \"\"The Sadist\"\", a 1963 film by James Landis, Terrence Malick's 1973 movie \"\"Badlands\"\", and the title song from Bruce Springsteen's 1982 album \"\"Nebraska\"\". The 1994 film \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" was also partly inspired by these events. The 2004 film \"\"Starkweather\"\" directed by Bryon Werner, starring Brent Taylor as Charles Starkweather and Shannon Lucio as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15019478", "chunk_text": "\"Killers (2010 film)\"\nKillers (2010 film) Killers is a 2010 American action comedy film directed by Robert Luketic and starring Katherine Heigl and Ashton Kutcher. The film was released on June 4, 2010. The film centers on a young woman (Heigl) who meets the man of her dreams (Kutcher) who turns out to be an assassin. After a break-up with a boyfriend, an overcautious Jen (Katherine Heigl) travels to Nice, France, with her parents (Tom Selleck and Catherine O'Hara). After getting into an elevator to go to her hotel room, she meets Spencer Aimes (Ashton Kutcher). Spencer asks her out for drinks, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1407533", "chunk_text": "\"Juliette Lewis\"\nfor a Golden Globe Award, as well as an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Over the next few years, she appeared in Woody Allen's \"\"Husbands and Wives\"\", Peter Medak's \"\"Romeo Is Bleeding\"\", and opposite Brad Pitt in \"\"Kalifornia\"\". In 1993, she acted alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Johnny Depp in the drama film \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\". She played Mallory Knox in Oliver Stone's \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\". She played a rock singer in the film \"\"Strange Days\"\", doing her own singing on covers of two songs written by PJ Harvey. She received an Emmy nomination for her performance in \"\"Hysterical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11835713", "chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Killers copycat crimes\"\nguilty of three counts of first-degree murder, and on December 15, he was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility for parole for 25 years. The \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" connection was that Steinke had allegedly watched the film the night before the incident. He also spoke to friends of \"\"going Natural Born Killer on her [Richardson daughter] family\"\". On February 2, 1996, in Moses Lake, Washington, 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis entered his algebra classroom dressed as a Wild West-style gunslinger and was wearing a black duster. He was armed with a .30–30 caliber hunting rifle and two handguns (.357 caliber", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6486607", "chunk_text": "\"Clayton Townsend\"\nClayton Townsend Clayton Townsend (born 9 February 1961) is an American film producer, television producer and production manager. Between 1988 and 1999 he collaborated intensively with director Oliver Stone as (co-)producer and associate producer. Notable movies from that period are \"\"Born on the Fourth of July\"\" (1989), \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" (1994) and \"\"Any Given Sunday\"\" (1999). Other notable producer achievements are Abel Ferrara's \"\"The Blackout\"\" (1997) and \"\"Where's Marlowe?\"\" (1998), directed by Daniel Pyne. He also served as an executive producer on the MGM comedy \"\"Heartbreakers\"\" (2001), directed by David Mirkin, and on \"\"Bad Company\"\" (2002), from director Joel Schumacher.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_183	who wants a heart in the wizard of oz?	n/a	[ "Tin Woodman", "the Tin Woodman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3152537", "chunk_text": "\"Scarecrow (Oz)\"\nwith the Tin Woodman's desire for a heart, reflecting a common debate between the relative importance of the mind and the emotions. Indeed, both believe they have neither. This occasions philosophical debate between the two friends as to why their own choices are superior; neither convinces the other, and Dorothy, listening, is unable to decide which one is right. Symbolically, because they remain with Dorothy throughout her quest, she is provided with both and need not select. In the musical of Gregory Maguire's interpretation of the Oz franchise, this version of the Scarecrow was Fiyero Tigelaar, the love interest of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10223448", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nkisses her on the forehead, giving her magical protection from harm. On her way down the yellow brick road, Dorothy attends a banquet held by a Munchkin man named Boq. The next day, Dorothy frees the Scarecrow from the pole on which he is hanging, applies oil from a can to the rusted connections of the Tin Woodman, and meets the Cowardly Lion. The Scarecrow wants a brain, the Tin Woodman wants a heart, and the Cowardly Lion wants courage, so Dorothy encourages the three of them to journey with her and Toto to the Emerald City to ask for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5474750", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)\"\ngreat Wizard of Oz to help her return home. The Wicked Witch of the West, sister of the late Wicked Witch of the East, vows revenge upon Dorothy. Dorothy meets the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman. The Scarecrow wants to get a brain, and the Tin Woodman needs a heart (\"\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\"/\"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\"). Dorothy suggests that the Wizard can help them too (\"\"We're Off to See the Wizard\"\"). They then meet the Cowardly Lion (\"\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"\"). The four friends travel down the yellow brick road, having been warned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20649565", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nfor her sister's death, then vanishes. Glinda tells Dorothy to follow the yellow brick road to the Emerald City, where she can ask the Wizard of Oz to help her get back home. On her journey Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, who wants a brain; the Tin Woodman, who desires a heart; and the Cowardly Lion, who needs courage. Dorothy invites them to accompany her to the Emerald City, where they can ask the Wizard to help them too. Despite harassment from the Witch they reach the Emerald City and are eventually permitted to see the Wizard, who appears as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144248", "chunk_text": "\"Tin Woodman\"\nas to why their own choices are superior; neither convinces the other, and Dorothy, listening, is unable to decide which one is right. Symbolically, because they remain with Dorothy throughout her quest, she is provided with both and need not select. The Tin Woodman states unequivocally that he has neither heart nor brain, but cares nothing for the loss of his brain. Towards the end of the novel, though, Glinda praises his brain as not quite that of the Scarecrow's. The Wizard turns out to be a \"\"humbug\"\" and can only provide a placebo heart made of silk and filled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15278163", "chunk_text": "\"The Tin Woodman of Oz\"\neven when the parts of their body are separated from each other.) Without a heart, the Tin Woodman felt he could no longer love Nimmie Amee and he left her. Dorothy and the Scarecrow found him after he had rusted in the forest (an event related in \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\") and went with him to the Emerald City where the Wizard gave him a heart. Woot suggests that the heart may have made him kind, but it did not make him loving, or he would have returned to Nimmie Amee. This shames the Tin Woodman and inspires him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10823029", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\ncap to summon the Winged Monkeys two more times. When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard of Oz again, Toto tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room that reveals the Wizard. He sadly explains he is a humbug—an ordinary old man who, by a hot air balloon, came to Oz long ago from Omaha. The Wizard provides the Scarecrow with a head full of bran, pins, and needles (\"\"a lot of bran-new brains\"\"), the Tin Woodman with a silk heart stuffed with sawdust, and the Cowardly Lion a potion of \"\"courage\"\". Their faith in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9082115", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)\"\nis unhappy with his empty tin chest (\"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\") and invite him to join them. The Wicked Witch of the West threatens to light the Scarecrow on fire unless Dorothy gives her the ruby slippers; Dorothy refuses. In the dark forest, they encounter a very unhappy Lion, afraid of his own tail (\"\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"\"). He too joins the group on the road to the Emerald City. Emerging into the light, the friends encounter another obstacle. The Wicked Witch has cast a spell creating a huge field of poppies that puts Dorothy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144247", "chunk_text": "\"Tin Woodman\"\njourney, both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed, and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party. When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group, they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height, damaging him badly. However Winkie Tinsmiths are able to repair him after the death of the Witch. His desire for a heart notably contrasts with the Scarecrow's desire for brains, reflecting a common debate between the relative importance of the mind and the emotions. This occasions philosophical debate between the two friends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15326709", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)\"\nHad a Brain\"\"). The rusty Tin Man's chest is empty (\"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\") and the Cowardly Lion is afraid of his own tail (\"\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"\"). Dorothy invites them all to join her to see if the Wizard can help them (\"\"We're Off to See the Wizard\"\"). The Wicked Witch of the West threatens them along the way but fails to intimidate Dorothy into giving up the ruby slippers. She creates a beautiful field of poppies, but their scent is poisonous. Glinda rescues the travelers by covering the poppies with snowflakes (\"\"Optimistic Voices\"\"). They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7512579", "chunk_text": "\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\nIf I Only Had a Brain \"\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\" (also \"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\" and \"\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"\") is a song by Harold Arlen (music) and Yip Harburg (lyrics). The song is sung in the 1939 film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" by the characters that meet Dorothy. The characters pine about what each wants from the Wizard. It was also sung in Jeremy Sams and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2011 musical adaptation with an additional reprise called \"\"If We Only Had a Plan\"\" when the characters discuss on how to rescue Dorothy in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15683204", "chunk_text": "\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\nin the 1995 television stage performance. It was sung by Nathan Lane in a Broadway tempo. This version includes the bridge verses sung by The Scarecrow (Jackson Browne), Tin Man (Roger Daltrey) and Dorothy (Jewel). If I Only Had a Brain \"\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\" (also \"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\" and \"\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"\") is a song by Harold Arlen (music) and Yip Harburg (lyrics). The song is sung in the 1939 film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" by the characters that meet Dorothy. The characters pine about what each wants from the Wizard.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144246", "chunk_text": "\"Tin Woodman\"\nwas no longer able to love the lady he had fallen for. In \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\", Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest, as he was caught in rain, and use his oil can to release him. He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard. They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion. The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West. The Tin Woodman's axe proves useful in this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11691234", "chunk_text": "\"The Wiz\"\ndiscover a man made of tin, rusted solid. They oil his joints (\"\"Slide Some Oil To Me\"\") and he tells them how, to prevent him from marrying a servant girl, the Wicked Witch of the East put a spell on his axe so that it began to cut off parts of his body. Each time it happened, a tinsmith replaced the missing part with one made of tin until he was entirely made of it. The one thing the tinsmith forgot was a heart, and the Tin Man has longed for one ever since. Dorothy and the Scarecrow invite him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18561058", "chunk_text": "\"Heart-Shaped Box\"\nthe film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". During the song's first verse, the old man from the hospital, now wearing a Santa hat and later a mitre, climbs onto a crow-ridden Christian cross. The second verse introduces a young girl in a white robe and peaked cap reaching for human fetuses in a tree, and an overweight woman in a suit with human organs painted onto it and with angel wings affixed to her back. In the video's final cut, the band is only shown performing in the outdoor setting during the choruses, where Cobain's face moves in and out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15278167", "chunk_text": "\"The Tin Woodman of Oz\"\nhad done—cut off his limbs, which Ku-Klip replaced with tin limbs. He does not have a heart either, but this does not bother him. However, he can rust, which he does one day during a rainstorm. Both woodmen now seek the heart of Nimmie Amee, agreeing to let her choose between them. The five come to the dwelling of the tinsmith Ku-Klip where the Tin Woodman talks to himself—that is, to the head of the man (Nick Chopper) he once was. The Tin Woodman and the Tin Soldier also find a barrel of assorted body parts that once belonged to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11230342", "chunk_text": "\"Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz\"\ndropped from the cast due to illness from the aluminum powder makeup, his singing voice remains on the soundtrack. It is Jack Haley, who eventually played the role, that is seen and heard singing \"\"If I Only Had A Heart\"\", but Ebsen's voice is still heard on the group vocals of \"\"We're Off To See The Wizard\"\". In those vocals, his voice is easy to detect. Ray Bolger (and also Jack Haley) were speakers with a distinct Boston accent and did not pronounce the \"\"r\"\" in \"\"wizard\"\". Buddy Ebsen was a Midwesterner, like Judy Garland, and pronounced the \"\"r.\"\" Although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144259", "chunk_text": "\"Tin Woodman\"\nwith when they were at school together. When she discovered his heart belonged to Glinda, she botched a spell that was meant to make him fall in love with her by taking his heart, but instead shrunk his heart to nothing by taking it away without 'giving' it to Nessa. To save his life, Elphaba, the Wicked Witch of the West, was forced to turn him into tin. Not understanding her reasons, he pursues Elphaba with a single-minded vengeance for his current form. The Tin Man's humble origin in the novel conflicts with his having been the aristocratic Boq. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13219668", "chunk_text": "\"The Song in Your Heart\"\nis all that he desires (\"\"Revenge Is Mine\"\"). Regina visits Rumplestiltskin, who is not affected by the wish, at his cell. Regina asks for his help in erasing the wish, but he refuses, telling her that he would rather gouge out his eyes with a rusty fork than sing. He then tells her to figure out a way in order to prove herself. In Oz, Zelena spies on their conversation and believes that Rumplestiltskin might come to regret choosing Regina over her. She prepares a spell for Regina to end the Singing Spell, which she will take credit for (\"\"Wicked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144249", "chunk_text": "\"Tin Woodman\"\nwith sawdust. However, this is enough to please the Tin Woodman, who, with or without a heart, was all along the most tender and emotional of Dorothy's companions (just as the Scarecrow was the wisest and the Cowardly Lion the bravest). When he accidentally crushes an insect, he is grief-stricken and, ironically, claims that he must be careful about such things, while those with hearts do not need such care. This tenderness remains with him throughout the series, as in \"\"The Patchwork Girl of Oz\"\", where he refuses to let a butterfly be maimed for the casting of a spell.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7556456", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True\"\nand Emerald City are projected on a screen in the back of the stage. Various songs were changed to better feature specific talents of individual singers, including \"\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\", which had a folk music tempo to highlight Jackson Browne and \"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\", which had a rock and roll tempo to highlight Roger Daltrey (Daltrey even swings his microphone, mimicking his Who persona). This stage adaptation omits the Wicked Witch's scene of threatening Dorothy, Scarecrow and Tin Man while being on top of the Tin Man's wooden cottage following this musical number. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5439272", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\"\nland. He soon realizes that Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion already possess what they desire and gives them items that they believe grant their wishes (Scarecrow's head is filled with sawdust and nails, Tin Man is given a wooden heart and Lion is given colored water that he is told represents courage) but cannot think of how to get Dorothy home. Scarecrow hits upon the idea to use the Wizard's hot air balloon to get Dorothy back to Kansas, and the Wizard agrees saying he will go back with her having tired of life in Oz. Before he leaves, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1985681", "chunk_text": "\"We're Off to See the Wizard\"\nthe road) and then segues into \"\"\"\"You're\"\" Off to See the Wizard\"\". The song occurs as a vocal three more times in the film soundtrack, along with several short instrumental references in the underscore: Although Jack Haley replaced Ebsen on-screen and in the Tin Man's solo recording of \"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\", it was deemed unnecessary for the group vocal to be re-recorded, so the voice in the film as released remains Ebsen's. His voice can be detected by listening for the male voice enunciating the \"\"R\"\" in words like \"\"Wizard\"\", as Ebsen's regional accent emphasized the \"\"R\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8939921", "chunk_text": "\"Hooray for What!\"\nalluring spy Stephanie Stephanovich to tempt it from Chuckles. Chuckles does not give in to Stephanie's wiles but goes to the League of Nations Peace Conference in Geneva to try to sell his discovery, which has somehow turned into a \"\"love\"\" potion. Meanwhile, Breezy, Stephanie, and their cohorts try to obtain the formula for the poisonous gas. Note: One song cut from the final production, \"\"I'm Hanging On to You\"\", was later re-written with new lyrics to become \"\"If I Only Had a Brain/a Heart/the Nerve\"\" for a future Arlen-Harburg collaboration, the 1939 film adaptation of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1733372", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)\"\nand together with the woodman, the cowardly lion, and several new creations equally delightful, they journey through Oz -- the earthquake -- and into the glass city. The Scarecrow is elated to think he is going to get his brains at last and be like other men are; the Tin-Woodman is bent upon getting a heart, and the cowardly lion pleads with the great Oz for courage. All these are granted by his Highness. Dorothy picks the princess. -- The Dangerous Mangaboos. -- Into the black pit, and out again. We then see Jim, the cab horse, and myriads of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2711947", "chunk_text": "\"Surrender Dorothy\"\nSurrender Dorothy \"\"Surrender Dorothy\"\" is a famous special effect used in the movie \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", which later attained local fame as a graffito in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. The first appearance of the phrase is in the 1939 version of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" (it is not in the novel or any previous adaptations). In the scene, Dorothy Gale (Judy Garland) has reached the Emerald City with her companions The Scarecrow (Ray Bolger), Tin Woodsman (Jack Haley) and Cowardly Lion (Bert Lahr), whereupon they are treated to the hospitality and technological comforts of the fantastic city. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9082114", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)\"\nthe Wicked Witch of the West. Glinda tells Dorothy that the Wizard of Oz might be able to help her return home, and how to find him (\"\"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\"\"). Dorothy sets off toward the Emerald City to speak to the great Oz (\"\"You’re Off to See the Wizard\"\"). On her way, she meets the Scarecrow, who feels inadequate with a head full of only stuffing (\"\"If I Only Had a Brain\"\"). Dorothy invites him to travel with her, hoping the Wizard can help him (\"\"We’re Off to See the Wizard\"\"). They soon meet the Tin Man, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5474753", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)\"\nThe water shrinks the Wicked Witch away to nothing (\"\"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\"\" (reprise)). The friends return to the Emerald City, but the Wizard tries to put them off. The Wizard turns out to be an ordinary old man who had journeyed to Oz from Omaha long ago. However, the Wizard provides the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman and the Cowardly Lion with a diploma, a watch to show large heartedness, and a medal of \"\"courage\"\", respectively, and convinces them all that these items solve their problems. In order to help Dorothy get home, the Wizard personally takes her in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7556458", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True\"\nscenes due to time limit. The Winkies perform their chant, but appear without being dressed as guards and holding pikes. In the scene where Dorothy (Jewel) suffers her imprisonment after Aunt Em's image fades away in the crystal ball, Winger says the line \"\"What a little whiner! I'll give you something to cry about\"\" which was not spoken by Margaret Hamilton. The Wicked Witch's meltdown scene is followed by is followed by the musical number \"\"Hail! Hail! The Witch is Dead\"\" which was also cut from the original film. Unlike Jack Haley, Daltrey as the Tin Man hugged the Wizard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6090625", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)\"\nDorothy and tells her to give up the slippers within the hour or die (\"\"Red Shoes Blues\"\" (reprise)). Dorothy wishes more than ever that she was back at home (\"\"Over the Rainbow\"\" (reprise)). The Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion consider how to rescue her from the Witch’s castle (\"\"If We Only Had a Plan\"\"). They disguise themselves as Winkies and sneak into the castle (\"\"March of the Winkies\"\" (reprise)). They find the Witch and Dorothy. When the Witch tries to attack the Scarecrow, a Winkie hands Dorothy a bucket of water, which she throws over the Witch, melting her. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3189789", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)\"\nScarecrow a brain and the Tin Woodman a heart. He declares this the greatest of all his achievements and calls for a celebration. The Ball of All Nations is thrown, in which up to twelve songs are sung by various characters. The Wizard performs a basket trick in which King Pastoria is the mark. In the middle of the trick Pastoria claims his right to the throne and overthrows the Wizard. A great commotion breaks out, with the Wizard escaping in a hot air balloon. Dorothy, still longing for home, sets off with her companions to the castle of Glinda", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20785822", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nand surround them. When the Witch sets fire to the Scarecrow, Dorothy tosses a bucket of water at him; water also splashes the Witch, who melts away. The guards rejoice and give Dorothy the broomstick. Back in the Emerald City, as the Wizard stalls in fulfilling his promises Toto pulls back a curtain and exposes the \"\"Wizard\"\" as a middle-aged man speaking through a microphone. He denies Dorothy's accusation that he is a bad man, but admits to being a humbug. He then gives the Scarecrow a diploma, the Lion a medal, and the Tin Man a ticking heart-shaped watch,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144263", "chunk_text": "\"Tin Woodman\"\nonly way to make it work is through the absorption of another person's magic. Unfortunately Zelena's actions and selfish greed for magic causes her to betray Stanum, whom she suspect was aligned with Dorothy by keeping the Crimson Heart for herself, leaving Stanum to transform into the Tin Man permanently. Some time later, when Robin Hood arrives in Oz in the episode \"\"Heart of Gold\"\", the Tin Man is seen on the side of the Yellow Brick Road, torn apart. Economics and history professors have published scholarly studies that indicate the images and characters used by Baum and Denslow closely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2339467", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nhad made Garland wear a blond wig and heavy \"\"baby-doll\"\" makeup, and she played Dorothy in an exaggerated fashion; now, Cukor changed Garland's and Hamilton's makeup and costumes, and told Garland to \"\"be herself\"\". This meant that all the scenes Garland and Hamilton had already completed had to be discarded and reshot. Cukor also suggested that the studio cast Jack Haley, on loan from Fox, as the Tin Man. To keep down on production costs, Haley only rerecorded \"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\" and solo lines during \"\"The Jitterbug\"\" and \"\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"\"; as such, Ebsen's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13724519", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nwhile the Scarecrow's straw hides the other three. She sends her Winkie soldiers to attack them, but the Cowardly Lion stands firm to repel them. Finally, she uses the power of the Golden Cap to send the winged monkeys to capture Dorothy, Toto, and the Cowardly Lion, unstuff the Scarecrow, and dent the Tin Woodman. Dorothy is forced to become the Wicked Witch's personal slave, while the witch schemes to steal Dorothy's Silver Shoes. The Wicked Witch successfully tricks Dorothy out of one of her Silver Shoes. Angered, Dorothy throws a bucket of water at her and is shocked to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10823026", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nhelp from the Wizard. After several adventures, the travelers enter the gates of the Emerald City and meet the Guardian of the Gates, who asks them to wear green tinted spectacles to keep their eyes from being blinded by the city's brilliance. Each one is called to see the Wizard. The Wizard appears to Dorothy as a giant head on a marble throne, to the Scarecrow as a lovely lady in silk gauze, to the Tin Woodman as a terrible beast, and to the Cowardly Lion as a ball of fire. The Wizard agrees to help them all if they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12548323", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\"\nand lacking a brain, the Tin Woodman, made entirely from metal and lacking a heart, and the Cowardly Lion who wishes to become brave. Along their journey, the group comes to a large ditch in the road, and the Lion provides transportation by jumping across while the others sit on his back. The group then enters a dark forest and become trapped at the edge of a steep canyon, while being chased by the Kalidahs (animals with the bodies of bears and the heads of tigers). The Lion and the Scarecrow distract them as the Tin Man cuts down a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15904192", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)\"\nelse, such as monkeys, which he is of course unable to do. Chased by Kruel's soldiers, Semon's character disguises himself as a scarecrow, while Hardy improvises a costume from the pile of tin in which he is hiding. They are still eventually captured by the soldiers. During their trial, the Tin Man accuses his fellow farmhands of kidnapping Dorothy. Kynd has the Scarecrow and Snowball put in the dungeon. Kruel makes the Tin Man \"\"Knight of the Garter\"\" and Uncle Henry the \"\"Prince of Whales\"\". Wikked suggests he retain his power by marrying Dorothy. The Wizard then helps the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "959901", "chunk_text": "Elphaba\nof Oz after the wizard's departure, are her half siblings. Because of her noble ancestry, Elphaba bears the title of \"\"Thropp Third Descending\"\". Frex favors Nessarose over Elphaba, a source of constant resentment. Nessarose is almost comically pious, the preeminent quality the zealous Frexspar desires in a daughter. While Elphaba is born with green skin, Nessarose is considered beautiful, although she is born without arms. During her visit to Munchkinland near the end of the fourth section of the book, Elphaba discovers that the Quadling Turtle Heart may in fact have fathered Nessarose, and was also her mother's lover. Elphaba", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3490530", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)\"\nare both in love with Dorothy, who favors Hardy's character. Aunt Em reveals to Dorothy that she was placed on their doorstep as a baby, along with an envelope and instructions that it be opened only when she turned 18. On her 18th birthday, however, Wikked and his minions arrive at the farm by biplane and demand the envelope. When Uncle Henry refuses to hand it over, Wikked suborns Hardy's character by promising him wealth and Dorothy. Wikked then has Dorothy tied to a rope and raised high up a tower; his men start a fire underneath the rope. Hardy's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14327230", "chunk_text": "\"Lion of Oz and the Badge of Courage\"\nin the process and he becomes cowardly. In shame, he leaves his friends and takes off on his own through the forests, where he eventually meets Dorothy, the Tin Man, and the Scarecrow. The Lion travels with Dorothy, the Tin Woodman, the Scarecrow, and Toto on the yellow brick road on their journey to see the Wizard of Oz. He tells his new companions that he is cowardly and wishes to see the wizard to regain his courage. However, during the course of the book, the Cowardly Lion seems to be the bravest member of the party, showing a willingness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3360298", "chunk_text": "\"Return to Oz (1964 film)\"\ngives her and Dandy the slippers. Dorothy, who is being held upside-down from the window, tells Dandy that he will turn to stone if he takes them, but he takes them anyway without being turned to stone. The Witch takes them only to be turned into stone, crumble, and fall apart. The gang returns to the Emerald City, only to find out that the Wizard is, after all, a humbug, unable as he always was to return Dorothy home. Glinda appears to tell Dorothy the reason that her friends didn't turn to stone was because they had brains, a heart,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729569", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nregrets about turning down the part, and would go on to play a glamorous villain in Fox's version of Maurice Maeterlinck's \"\"The Blue Bird\"\" in 1940; Margaret Hamilton played a role remarkably similar to the Wicked Witch in the Judy Garland film \"\"Babes in Arms\"\" (1939). According to Aljean Harmetz, the \"\"gone-to-seed\"\" coat worn by Morgan as the wizard was selected from a rack of coats purchased from a second-hand shop. According to legend, Morgan later discovered a label in the coat indicating it had once belonged to Baum, that Baum's widow confirmed this, and that the coat was eventually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12572330", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)\"\nby Carl W. Stalling. The film was originally made in Technicolor, but because it was made without proper licensing from the Technicolor Corporation (which limited use of its 3-strip process to Disney), it never received a theatrical release. A tornado sweeps through the plains of Kansas, lifting Dorothy and Toto. The two tumble into Oz, landing on the Scarecrow. After freeing him from his pole, the trio stroll together, soon finding a Tin Woodman and oiling him. After the four watch mating rituals of various animals set to strains of Camille Saint-Saëns's \"\"The Swan\"\", they are welcomed into the Emerald", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12415815", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\nher anywhere she wishes to go. Dorothy embraces her friends, all of whom will be returned to their new kingdoms through Glinda's three uses of the Golden Cap: the Scarecrow to the Emerald City, the Tin Woodman to the Winkie Country, and the Lion to the forest; after which the cap shall be given to the King of the Winged Monkeys, freeing them. Dorothy takes Toto in her arms, knocks her heels together three times, and wishes to return home. Instantly, she begins whirling through the air and rolling through the grass of the Kansas prairie, up to her Kansas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4941296", "chunk_text": "\"The Scarecrow of Oz\"\nover the land. An unpleasant but wealthy citizen named Googly-Goo seeks to marry King Kynd's daughter, Princess Gloria; however, she is in love with Pon, the current gardener's boy, who is the son of the first usurper Phearse. King Krewl and Googly-Goo hire a witch named Blinkie to freeze Gloria's heart so that she will no longer love Pon. Cap'n Bill happens on this plot, and to keep him from interfering, Blinkie turns him into a grasshopper. She then freezes Gloria's heart. Googly-Goo proposes to her, but now that her heart is frozen, she does not love anyone at all,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12978527", "chunk_text": "\"Buddy Ebsen\"\nSee the Wizard\"\". Ebsen's recording of the Tin Man's only solo song, \"\"If I Only Had a Heart\"\", still exists and is included on the two-CD Deluxe Edition of the film's soundtrack, while a still photo recreation of the sequence featuring shots of Ebsen as the Tin Man was included as an extra with all VHS and DVD releases of the film since 1989. For the rest of his life, Ebsen complained of breathing problems from his involvement in \"\"that damned movie\"\". Nonetheless, he outlived all of the major cast members of \"\"The Wizard of Oz.\"\" After recovering from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15808548", "chunk_text": "\"Lion of Oz\"\nvengeance before vanishing. Lion is sad to have lost his badge, now thinking himself no more than a Cowardly Lion. Wimzik explains his courage and everything he's done weren't because of a badge but Lion's brave and noble heart. Despite this, Lion sadly bids his friends goodbye as he must go find his badge and Oscar, but promises to come back someday. Lion eventually comes across a yellow brick road and meets none other than Dorothy Gale, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and Toto. The movie ends with Lion leaping out to meet them, stepping out of his own story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16729554", "chunk_text": "\"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\nhelping them see that the attributes they sought (brains, heart, courage) were already within them. He then offers to take Dorothy and Toto home in his hot air balloon. As Dorothy and the Wizard prepare to depart, Toto jumps off and Dorothy goes to catch him, so the balloon leaves with only the Wizard. Glinda appears and tells Dorothy that the Ruby Slippers will take her home. Following Glinda's instructions, Dorothy taps her heels together three times and repeats, \"\"There's no place like home\"\". Dorothy wakes up in Kansas surrounded by her family and friends. Everyone dismisses her adventure as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3332228", "chunk_text": "\"L. Frank Baum\"\nchildren's stories, although he did not do a great deal more than eliminate harsh moral lessons. Another traditional element that Baum intentionally omitted was the emphasis on romance. He considered romantic love to be uninteresting for young children, as well as largely incomprehensible. In \"\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\", the only element of romance lay in the background of the Tin Woodman and his love for Nimmie Amee, which explains his condition and does not otherwise affect the tale, and that of Gayelette and the enchantment of the Winged monkeys. The only other stories with such elements were \"\"The Scarecrow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_184	what are the importance of rigor mortis in meat processing?	n/a	[ "tenderness of meat" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627721", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\nfibers. Rigor mortis then spreads to the other muscles, including the internal organs, within the next four to six hours. The onset of rigor mortis is affected by the individual's age, sex, physical condition, and muscular build. Rigor mortis may not be perceivable in many infant and child corpses due to their smaller muscle mass. Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology. The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat. If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 °C (59 °F), a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs, whereby the muscle sarcomeres", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13934227", "chunk_text": "Meat\nkg, is believed to increase the water-holding capacity and tenderness of the flesh when cooked. \"\"Rigor mortis\"\" sets in a few hours after death as ATP is used up, causing actin and myosin to combine into rigid actomyosin and lowering the meat's water-holding capacity, causing it to lose water (\"\"weep\"\"). In muscles that enter \"\"rigor\"\" in a contracted position, actin and myosin filaments overlap and cross-bond, resulting in meat that is tough on cooking – hence again the need to prevent pre-slaughter stress in the animal. Over time, the muscle proteins denature in varying degree, with the exception of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627722", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\nshrink to a third of their original length. Cold shortening is caused by the release of stored calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers, in response to the cold stimulus. The calcium ions trigger powerful muscle contraction aided by ATP molecules. To prevent cold shortening, a process known as electrical stimulation is carried out, especially in beef carcasses, immediately after slaughter and skinning. In this process, the carcass is stimulated with alternating current, causing it to contract and relax, which depletes the ATP reserve from the carcass and prevents cold shortening. The degree of rigor mortis may be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13934228", "chunk_text": "Meat\ncollagen and elastin of connective tissue, and \"\"rigor mortis\"\" resolves. Because of these changes, the meat is tender and pliable when cooked just after death or after the resolution of \"\"rigor\"\", but tough when cooked during \"\"rigor.\"\" As the muscle pigment myoglobin denatures, its iron oxidates, which may cause a brown discoloration near the surface of the meat. Ongoing proteolysis also contributes to conditioning. Hypoxanthine, a breakdown product of ATP, contributes to the meat's flavor and odor, as do other products of the decomposition of muscle fat and protein. When meat is industrially processed in preparation of consumption, it may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12143001", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\nRigor mortis Rigor mortis (Latin: \"\"rigor\"\" \"\"stiffness\"\", \"\"mortis\"\" \"\"of death\"\") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem. After death, respiration in an organism ceases, depleting the source of oxygen used in the making of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is required to cause separation of the actin-myosin cross-bridges during relaxation of muscle. When oxygen is no longer present, the body may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11886789", "chunk_text": "Darkcutter\nDarkcutter A darkcutter or dark cutter is a carcass of beef that has been subjected to undue stress before slaughter, and is dark in color. Sometimes referred to as dark cutting beef, they have a dark color which makes the meat appear less fresh, making them undesirable to consumers. Darkcutters fetch a lower price than otherwise ordinary beef on the market. Stress \"\"ante mortem\"\" causes a depletion of glycogen stores in the liver and muscles, so the glucose normally used \"\"post mortem\"\" to produce ATP anaerobically, resulting in lactic acid production before the development of \"\"rigor mortis\"\", is not available.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13365330", "chunk_text": "\"Cadaveric spasm\"\nCadaveric spasm Cadaveric spasm, also known as postmortem spasm, instantaneous rigor, cataleptic rigidity, or instantaneous rigidity, is a rare form of muscular stiffening that occurs at the moment of death and persists into the period of rigor mortis. Cadaveric spasm can be distinguished from rigor mortis as the former is a stronger stiffening of the muscles that cannot be easily undone, as rigor mortis can. The cause is unknown but is usually associated with violent deaths under extremely physical circumstances with intense emotion. Cadaveric spasm may affect all muscles in the body, but typically only groups, such as the forearms,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627724", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\ntime of death. One such factor is the ambient temperature. In warm environments, the onset and pace of rigor mortis are sped up by providing a conducive environment for the metabolic processes that cause decay. Low temperatures, however, slow them down. Therefore, for a person who dies outside in frozen conditions rigor mortis may last several days more than normal, so investigators may have to abandon it as a tool for determining time of death. Rigor mortis Rigor mortis (Latin: \"\"rigor\"\" \"\"stiffness\"\", \"\"mortis\"\" \"\"of death\"\") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17816662", "chunk_text": "\"Advanced meat recovery\"\nAdvanced meat recovery Advanced meat recovery (AMR) is a slaughterhouse deboning process by which the last traces of skeletal muscle meat are removed from animal bones after the primal cuts have been carved off manually. The machinery used in this process separates meat from bone by scraping, shaving, or pressing the meat from the bone without breaking or grinding the bone. Products produced by advanced meat recovery machinery can be labeled using terms associated with hand-deboned product (i.e., \"\"beef\"\", \"\"pork\"\", \"\"beef trimmings\"\", etc.). AMR meat typically is used as an ingredient in products requiring further processing, such as hot dogs.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627720", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\nto release and the body to relax. Decomposition of the myofilaments occurs 48 to 60 hours after the peak of rigor mortis, which occurs approximately 13 hours after death. At the time of death, a condition called \"\"primary flaccidity\"\" occurs. Following this, the muscles stiffen in rigor mortis. All muscles in the body are affected. Starting between two and six hours following death, rigor mortis begins with the eyelids, neck, and jaw. The sequence may be due to different lactic acid levels among different muscles, which is directly related to the difference in glycogen levels and different types of muscle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12861500", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\nheads to bind to the active sites of actin proteins. In rigor mortis myosin heads continue binding with the active sites of actin proteins via adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the muscle is unable to relax until further enzyme activity degrades the complex. Normal relaxation would occur by replacing ADP with ATP, which would destabilize the myosin-actin bond and break the cross-bridge. However, as ATP is absent, there must be a breakdown of muscle tissue by enzymes (endogenous or bacterial) during decomposition. As part of the process of decomposition, the myosin heads are degraded by the enzymes, allowing the muscle contraction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19289542", "chunk_text": "Putrefaction\nPutrefaction Putrefaction is the fifth stage of death, following pallor mortis, algor mortis, rigor mortis, and livor mortis. This process references the breaking down of a body of a human or animal post-mortem (meaning after death). In broad terms, it can be viewed as the decomposition of proteins, and the eventual breakdown of the cohesiveness between tissues, and the liquefaction of most organs. This is caused by the decomposition of organic matter by bacterial or fungal digestion, which causes the release of gases that infiltrate the body's tissues, and leads to the deterioration of the tissues and organs. The approximate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8732564", "chunk_text": "\"Cadaveric spasm\"\nagonist and antagonist muscles in conjunction may additionally contribute to the observed fixation of an object or weapon. Cadaveric spasm Cadaveric spasm, also known as postmortem spasm, instantaneous rigor, cataleptic rigidity, or instantaneous rigidity, is a rare form of muscular stiffening that occurs at the moment of death and persists into the period of rigor mortis. Cadaveric spasm can be distinguished from rigor mortis as the former is a stronger stiffening of the muscles that cannot be easily undone, as rigor mortis can. The cause is unknown but is usually associated with violent deaths under extremely physical circumstances with intense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5607343", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\ncontinue to produce ATP via anaerobic glycolysis. When the body's glycogen is depleted, the ATP concentration diminishes, and the body enters rigor mortis because it is unable to break those bridges. Additionally, calcium enters the cytosol after death. Calcium is released into the cytosol due to the deterioration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Also, the breakdown of the sarcolemma causes additional calcium to enter the cytosol. The calcium activates the formation of actin-myosin cross-bridging. Once calcium is introduced into the cytosol, it binds to the troponin of thin filaments, which causes the troponin-tropomyosin complex to change shape and allow the myosin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19289556", "chunk_text": "Putrefaction\nsample of the desired material to act as a \"\"seed\"\". Putrefaction Putrefaction is the fifth stage of death, following pallor mortis, algor mortis, rigor mortis, and livor mortis. This process references the breaking down of a body of a human or animal post-mortem (meaning after death). In broad terms, it can be viewed as the decomposition of proteins, and the eventual breakdown of the cohesiveness between tissues, and the liquefaction of most organs. This is caused by the decomposition of organic matter by bacterial or fungal digestion, which causes the release of gases that infiltrate the body's tissues, and leads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19533956", "chunk_text": "\"PSE meat\"\nPSE meat Pale, Soft, Exudative meat, or PSE meat, describes a carcass quality condition known to occur in pork, beef, and poultry. It is characterized by an abnormal color, consistency, and water holding capacity, making the meat dry and unattractive to consumers. The condition is believed to be caused by abnormal muscle metabolism following slaughter, due to an altered rate of glycolysis and a low pH within the muscle fibers. A mutation point in the ryanodine receptor gene in pork, associated to stress levels prior to slaughter are known to increase the incidence of PSE meat. Although the term \"\"soft\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11957231", "chunk_text": "\"Meat spoilage\"\nMeat spoilage The spoilage of meat occurs, if the meat is untreated, in a matter of hours or days and results in the meat becoming unappetizing, poisonous, or infectious. Spoilage is caused by the practically unavoidable infection and subsequent decomposition of meat by bacteria and fungi, which are borne by the animal itself, by the people handling the meat, and by their implements. Meat can be kept edible for a much longer time – though not indefinitely – if proper hygiene is observed during production and processing, and if appropriate food safety, food preservation and food storage procedures are applied.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13048000", "chunk_text": "\"Food Safety and Inspection Service\"\nStates. They verify the processing of tens of billions of pounds of meat and poultry, and billions of pounds of egg products. At slaughter establishments, inspectors perform antemortem inspections to prevent slaughter of diseased animals. Then, postmortem examinations are performed to identify diseased carcasses not evident antemortem. Regulations for rapid chilling, adequate trimming and sanitary washing are enforced to reduce microbial contamination. Samples are collected for residue testing to ensure antibiotic, pesticide and other residues are below regulatory limits. For cattle, tissue samples are tested for the presence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In processing plants, procedures and formulations are monitored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13535771", "chunk_text": "\"Meat hanging\"\nthe room must be kept to a humidity of around 85%. Also, to prevent bacteria developing on the meat, the room must be kept well ventilated. The meat must be furthermore checked on in regular intervals to ensure that the meat does not spoil and the process is working correctly. Meat hanging allows processes to continue in the meat that would normally cease in dead animals. For example, the muscles in the meat continue to use the oxygen that is in the proteins of the blood. This normal biological process creates a chemical by-product known as lactic acid. Since the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627723", "chunk_text": "\"Rigor mortis\"\nused in forensic pathology, to determine the approximate time of death. A dead body holds its position as rigor mortis sets in. If the body is moved after death, but before rigor mortis begins, forensic techniques such as livor mortis can be applied. If the position in which a body is found does not match the location where it is found (for example, if it is flat on its back with one arm sticking straight up), that could mean someone moved it. Several factors also affect the progression of rigor mortis, and investigators take these into account when estimating the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11957235", "chunk_text": "\"Meat spoilage\"\nof botulism. The microorganisms do not survive a thorough cooking of the meat, but several of their toxins and microbial spores do. The microbes may also infect the person eating the meat, although against this the microflora of the human gut is normally an effective barrier. The presence of infectious agents can be detected with a number of tests during the production and processing of meat, but testing by itself is not sufficient to ensure adequate food safety. The industry-standard \"\"Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points\"\" (HACCP) system provides for a comprehensive quality management framework as a part of which such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4109605", "chunk_text": "\"Beef cattle\"\nbeef. Depending on what cuts of meat are desired, there is a scale of marbled meat used to determine the quality. Marbling is the fat that is within the muscle, not around it. The more marbled a cut is, the higher it will grade and be worth more. Slaughtering of livestock has three distinct stages, preslaughter handling, stunning and slaughtering. The biggest concern is preslaughter handling, how the animal is treated before it is stunned and slaughtered. Stress at this time can cause adverse effects on the meat, water access and lower stocking densities have been allowed to minimize this.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715672", "chunk_text": "Decomposition\nThe spoilage of meat occurs, if the meat is untreated, in a matter of hours or days and results in the meat becoming unappetizing, poisonous or infectious. Spoilage is caused by the practically unavoidable infection and subsequent decomposition of meat by bacteria and fungi, which are borne by the animal itself, by the people handling the meat, and by their implements. Meat can be kept edible for a much longer time – though not indefinitely – if proper hygiene is observed during production and processing, and if appropriate food safety, food preservation and food storage procedures are applied. Spoilage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11957232", "chunk_text": "\"Meat spoilage\"\nThe organisms spoiling meat may infect the animal either while still alive (\"\"endogenous disease\"\") or may contaminate the meat after its slaughter (\"\"exogenous disease\"\"). There are numerous diseases that humans may contract from endogenously infected meat, such as anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, trichinosis or taeniasis. Infected meat, however, should be eliminated through systematic meat inspection in production, and consequently, consumers will more often encounter meat exogenously spoiled by bacteria or fungi after the death of the animal. One source of infectious organisms is bacteraemia, the presence of bacteria in the blood of slaughtered animals. The large intestine of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "444829", "chunk_text": "\"Mechanically separated meat\"\nMechanically separated meat Mechanically separated meat (MSM), mechanically recovered/reclaimed meat (MRM), or mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is a paste-like meat product produced by forcing pureed or ground beef, pork, mutton, turkey or chicken, under high pressure through a sieve or similar device to separate the bone from the edible meat tissue. It is sometimes called \"\"white slime\"\" as an analog to meat-additive pink slime and to meat extracted by advanced meat recovery systems, both of which are different processes. The process entails pureeing or grinding the carcass left after the manual removal of meat from the bones and then forcing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13535769", "chunk_text": "\"Meat hanging\"\nMeat hanging Meat hanging is a culinary process, used in beef aging, that improves the flavor of meats by allowing the natural enzymes in the meat to break down the tissue through dry aging. The process also allows the water in the meat to evaporate, thus concentrating the flavor. Meat has been hung and dry aged throughout history after butchers discovered that this method makes beef more tender and flavorful than meat eaten immediately after slaughter and butchering. In the 1960s, a combination of meat hanging’s expense and the new process of wet-aging caused meat hanging to almost stop entirely.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18102070", "chunk_text": "\"Transient evidence\"\nbloodstain itself is not transient evidence, despite its mutable nature. The \"\"condition\"\" and \"\"appearance\"\" of that bloodstain at a given point of time would, however, be transient evidence. Transient evidence is frequently relied upon in the determination of time of death. The condition of rigor mortis begins to manifest after about 3 hours after death, and lasts about 72 hours. It then disappears as proteolytic enzymes from lysosomes break down the stiffness of the corpse. The reduction in internal temperature after death, a process known as algor mortis, can also be used to estimate demise. Another noteworthy transient condition is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11886790", "chunk_text": "Darkcutter\nThe muscle pH stays high (above 6.0), resulting in higher water-holding capacity (sticky protein) and more translucent muscle, which looks darker because light travels deeper into the muscle before being refracted. Darkcutter A darkcutter or dark cutter is a carcass of beef that has been subjected to undue stress before slaughter, and is dark in color. Sometimes referred to as dark cutting beef, they have a dark color which makes the meat appear less fresh, making them undesirable to consumers. Darkcutters fetch a lower price than otherwise ordinary beef on the market. Stress \"\"ante mortem\"\" causes a depletion of glycogen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19533957", "chunk_text": "\"PSE meat\"\nmay look positive, it refers to raw meat. When cooked, there is higher cook loss and the final products is hard, not juicy. Normally, calcium ions are used by the body to activate muscle cells, composed of myofibril. Ca2+ is transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum by ryanodine channels to the cytoplasm of muscle fibers/cells (called sarcoplasm), the process responsible for contractions of the myofibers. Under PSE conditions, twice the amount of Ca2+ can be released post-mortem, which causes excessive glycolysis and the buildup of lactic acid since the metabolism post-mortem is anaerobic. This lactate accumulates in the postmortem muscle,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13934226", "chunk_text": "Meat\nare then split in half along the mid ventral axis, and the carcase is cut into wholesale pieces. The dressing and cutting sequence, long a province of manual labor, is progressively being fully automated. Under hygienic conditions and without other treatment, meat can be stored at above its freezing point (–1.5 °C) for about six weeks without spoilage, during which time it undergoes an aging process that increases its tenderness and flavor. During the first day after death, glycolysis continues until the accumulation of lactic acid causes the pH to reach about 5.5. The remaining glycogen, about 18 g per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972283", "chunk_text": "\"Lactic acidosis\"\nmatch the cells' demand for ATP, and lactic acidosis results. Also, muscle types that have few mitochondria and preferentially use glycolysis for ATP production (fast-twitch or type II fibers) are naturally prone to lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is also a consequence of the processes causing \"\"rigor mortis\"\". In the absence of oxygen, tissue in the muscles of the deceased carry out anaerobic metabolism using muscle glycogen as the energy source, causing acidification. With depletion of muscle glycogen, the loss of ATP causes the muscles to grow stiff, as the actin-myosin bonds cannot be released. (Rigor is later resolved by enzymatic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10112144", "chunk_text": "\"Mechanically separated meat\"\nIn 2018, a South African factory that produced polony, (an artificial pink-like bologna sausage imitation), and various other processed meats all from Mechanical Deboned Poultry, was associated with the deadliest listeriosis outbreak in history, that sickened 1000 people, and killed at least 180. Mechanically separated meat Mechanically separated meat (MSM), mechanically recovered/reclaimed meat (MRM), or mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is a paste-like meat product produced by forcing pureed or ground beef, pork, mutton, turkey or chicken, under high pressure through a sieve or similar device to separate the bone from the edible meat tissue. It is sometimes called \"\"white slime\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11957234", "chunk_text": "\"Meat spoilage\"\nthe slaughterhouse personnel. Bacterial genera commonly infecting meat while it is being processed, cut, packaged, transported, sold and handled include Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., E. coli, B. proteus, S. epidermidis and Staph. aureus, Cl. welchii, B. cereus and faecal streptococci. These bacteria are all commonly carried by humans; infectious bacteria from the soil include Cl. botulinum. Among the molds commonly infecting meat are Penicillium, Mucor, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Sporotrichium and Thamnidium. As these microorganisms colonize a piece of meat, they begin to break it down, leaving behind toxins that can cause enteritis or food poisoning, potentially lethal in the rare case", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18129629", "chunk_text": "Sous-vide\nbacteria can grow in food in the absence of oxygen and produce the deadly botulinum toxin, so sous-vide cooking must be performed under carefully controlled conditions to avoid botulism poisoning. Generally speaking, food that is heated and served within four hours is considered safe, but meat that is cooked for longer to tenderize must reach a temperature of at least within four hours and then be kept there for sufficient time, in order to pasteurize the meat. Pasteurization kills the botulism bacteria, but the possibility of hardy botulism spores surviving and reactivating once cool remains a concern as with many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11715651", "chunk_text": "Decomposition\ntime. Among those animals that have a heart, the \"\"fresh\"\" stage begins immediately after the heart stops beating. From the moment of death, the body begins cooling or warming to match the temperature of the ambient environment, during a stage called rigor mortis. Shortly after death, within three to six hours, the muscular tissues become rigid and incapable of relaxing, during a stage called rigor mortis. Since blood is no longer being pumped through the body, gravity causes it to drain to the dependent portions of the body, creating an overall bluish-purple discolouration termed livor mortis or, more commonly, lividity.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11539067", "chunk_text": "\"Cadaveric spasm\"\nis no ATP available, previously released calcium ions cannot return to the SR. These leftover calcium ions move around inside the sarcomere and may eventually find their way to a binding site on the thin filament's regulatory protein. Since the myosin head is already ready to bind, no additional ATP expenditure is required and the sarcomere contracts. When this process occurs on a larger scale, the stiffening associated with rigor mortis can occur. It mainly occurs during high ATP use. Sometimes, cadaveric spasms can be associated with erotic asphyxiation resulting in death. Cadaveric spasm has been posed as an explanation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20771694", "chunk_text": "\"PSE meat\"\nfound to be 3.4%, significantly less than during a similar survey three years earlier. However, the range of PSE incidence ranges from 0.1% to 10% throughout the industry. PSE meat Pale, Soft, Exudative meat, or PSE meat, describes a carcass quality condition known to occur in pork, beef, and poultry. It is characterized by an abnormal color, consistency, and water holding capacity, making the meat dry and unattractive to consumers. The condition is believed to be caused by abnormal muscle metabolism following slaughter, due to an altered rate of glycolysis and a low pH within the muscle fibers. A mutation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13934225", "chunk_text": "Meat\nmost forms of ritual slaughter, stunning is not allowed. Draining as much blood as possible from the carcass is necessary because blood causes the meat to have an unappealing appearance and is a breeding ground for microorganisms. The exsanguination is accomplished by severing the carotid artery and the jugular vein in cattle and sheep, and the anterior vena cava in pigs. After exsanguination, the carcass is dressed; that is, the head, feet, hide (except hogs and some veal), excess fat, viscera and offal are removed, leaving only bones and edible muscle. Cattle and pig carcases, but not those of sheep,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19866284", "chunk_text": "Sheep\nin amounts that may indicate welfare problems. Excessive stress can compromise the immune system. \"\"Shipping fever\"\" (pneumonic mannheimiosis, formerly called pasteurellosis) is a disease of particular concern, that can occur as a result of stress, notably during transport and (or) handling. Pain, fear and several other stressors can cause secretion of epinephrine (adrenaline). Considerable epinephrine secretion in the final days before slaughter can adversely affect meat quality (by causing glycogenolysis, removing the substrate for normal post-slaughter acidification of meat) and result in meat becoming more susceptible to colonization by spoilage bacteria. Because of such issues, low-stress handling is essential in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13934223", "chunk_text": "Meat\nis produced by killing an animal and cutting flesh out of it. These procedures are called slaughter and butchery, respectively. There is ongoing research into producing meat \"\"in vitro\"\", that is, outside of animals. Upon reaching a predetermined age or weight, livestock are usually transported \"\"en masse\"\" to the slaughterhouse. Depending on its length and circumstances, this may exert stress and injuries on the animals, and some may die \"\"en route\"\". Unnecessary stress in transport may adversely affect the quality of the meat. In particular, the muscles of stressed animals are low in water and glycogen, and their pH fails", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13349840", "chunk_text": "\"Marbled meat\"\n- \"\"marbling\"\" - last. Beef quality grades - A quality grade is a composite evaluation of factors that affect palatability of meat (tenderness, juiciness, and flavor). These factors include carcass maturity, firmness, texture, and color of lean, and the amount and distribution of marbling within the lean. Beef carcass quality grading is based on (1) degree of marbling and (2) degree of maturity. Marbling - (intramuscular fat) is the intermingling or dispersion of fat within the lean. Graders evaluate the amount and distribution of marbling in the ribeye muscle at the cut surface after the carcass has been ribbed between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18649389", "chunk_text": "\"Processed meat\"\nknown when this took place; however, the process of salting and sun-drying was recorded in Ancient Egypt, while using ice and snow is credited to early Romans, while canning was developed by Nicolas Appert who received in 1810 a prize for his invention from the French government. The preservative sodium nitrite (E250) (mixed into curing-salt) is well known for its role in inhibiting the growth of clostridium botulinum bacteria spores in processed and refrigerated meats. A principal concern about sodium nitrite is the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines in meats containing sodium nitrite when meat is charred or overcooked. Such carcinogenic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8246444", "chunk_text": "\"Raw meat\"\nstudy published in \"\"Meat Science\"\", is called multiplex PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and is based on the analyzing of nucleic acid and had promising results. Ahn, D. U., Jo, C., Olson, D.G. “Analysis of volatile components and the sensory characteristics of irradiated raw pork.” Meat Science 54.3 (2000): 209–215. Print. Altekruse, Sean F. DVM. “A multi-state survey of consumer food-handling and food-consumption practices.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 16.3 (1999): 216–221. Print. Altekruse, S. F. et al. “Vibrio Gastroenteritis in the US Gulf of Mexico Region: The Role of Raw Oysters.” Epidemiology and Infection 124.3 (2000): 489–495. Cambridge University Press.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3347414", "chunk_text": "Meat\nlonger-term preservation and later consumption, possibly after further preparation. Fresh meat cuts or processed cuts may produce iridescence, commonly thought to be due to spoilage but actually caused structural coloration and diffraction of the light. A common additive to processed meats, both for preservation and because it prevents discoloring, is sodium nitrite, which, however, is also a source of health concerns, because it may form carcinogenic nitrosamines when heated. Meat is prepared in many ways, as steaks, in stews, fondue, or as dried meat like beef jerky. It may be ground then formed into patties (as hamburgers or croquettes), loaves,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13535774", "chunk_text": "\"Meat hanging\"\nmore expensive. Meat hanging Meat hanging is a culinary process, used in beef aging, that improves the flavor of meats by allowing the natural enzymes in the meat to break down the tissue through dry aging. The process also allows the water in the meat to evaporate, thus concentrating the flavor. Meat has been hung and dry aged throughout history after butchers discovered that this method makes beef more tender and flavorful than meat eaten immediately after slaughter and butchering. In the 1960s, a combination of meat hanging’s expense and the new process of wet-aging caused meat hanging to almost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2447491", "chunk_text": "\"Raw meat\"\ninclude milk pasteurization, “sanitary controls” on farms, and the development of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). The Critical Control Point, or CCP, according to a study published in the \"\"Journal of Food Safety\"\" in 2004, is “a point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied, and as a result, a food safety hazard can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to acceptable levels.” Food “processors must use CCP critical limits that have been scientifically validated” to prevent the growth of pathogens. Specifically for meat, since pathogens grow in warmer temperatures, the CCP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9926743", "chunk_text": "\"Beef aging\"\nBeef aging Beef aging (American English) or ageing is a process of preparing beef for consumption, mainly by breaking down the connective tissue. Dry-aged beef is beef that has been hung or placed on a rack to dry for several weeks. After the animal is slaughtered and cleaned, it is hung as a full or half carcass. Primal (large distinct sections) or sub primal cuts, such as strip loins, rib eyes, and sirloin, are placed in a refrigerator unit, also known as a \"\"hot box\"\". This process involves considerable expense, as the beef must be stored near freezing temperatures. Subprimal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16928156", "chunk_text": "\"Test and hold\"\nTest and hold In the United States meat industry, Test and hold is a requirement that federal meat inspectors not apply the \"\"inspected and passed\"\" mark on the carcasses of cattle that have been sampled by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for its BSE surveillance program until the sample is determined to be negative (69 FR 1892, January 12, 2004). Formerly, unless prohibited by a Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) veterinary medical officer, carcasses of BSE sampled animals were allowed to be stamped inspected and passed, and packing plants were allowed to process them for human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10112135", "chunk_text": "\"Advanced meat recovery\"\nit could no longer be called 'meat' but must be included in the category of mechanically recovered meat (MRM). The downgrade of DSM took effect in the UK in May 2012. Unlike other types of MRM, which have the appearance of a paste, DSM resembled minced meat and was previously sold in the UK as 'meat'. Advanced meat recovery Advanced meat recovery (AMR) is a slaughterhouse deboning process by which the last traces of skeletal muscle meat are removed from animal bones after the primal cuts have been carved off manually. The machinery used in this process separates meat from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10907773", "chunk_text": "Doneness\nDoneness Doneness is a gauge of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is based on the colour, juiciness and internal temperature when cooked. The gradations of cooking are most often used in reference to beef (especially steak and roasts) but are also applicable to lamb, pork, poultry, veal and seafood (especially fish). Gradations, their description, and the associated temperature ranges vary regionally from cuisine to cuisine and in local practice and terminology. For steaks, common gradations include \"\"rare\"\", \"\"medium rare\"\", \"\"medium\"\", \"\"medium well\"\" and \"\"well done\"\". The United States Department of Agriculture recommends an internal temperature of at least", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_185	when did the song the joker come out?	n/a	[ "1973", "October 1973" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19648029", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)\"\nThe Joker (Steve Miller Band song) \"\"The Joker\"\" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album \"\"The Joker\"\". It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word \"\"pompatus\"\". The song topped the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in early 1974. More than 16 years later, in September 1990, it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in \"\"Great Deal\"\", a Hugh Johnson-directed television advertisement for Levi's, thus holding the record for the longest gap between transatlantic chart-toppers. This reissue of \"\"The Joker\"\" also topped the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4559897", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)\"\n– live version) 7\"\" single (1990) 12\"\" maxi (1990) CD maxi (1990) The Joker (Steve Miller Band song) \"\"The Joker\"\" is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album \"\"The Joker\"\". It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word \"\"pompatus\"\". The song topped the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in early 1974. More than 16 years later, in September 1990, it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in \"\"Great Deal\"\", a Hugh Johnson-directed television advertisement for Levi's, thus holding the record for the longest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695951", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker (album)\"\nThe Joker (album) The Joker is the eighth studio album by Steve Miller Band. The album was released in October 1973, by Capitol Records. The album marked a period of significant change for the group as the band abandoned their psychedelic-oriented music for a more melodic, smooth rock/blues sound. Perhaps not coincidentally, it was also their first solid commercial success due to the strong radio-play of the title track. The title track took 19 days to record. The album reached #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and has been certified Platinum in the United States. The artwork of the album is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10744886", "chunk_text": "\"Purple Lamborghini\"\nPurple Lamborghini \"\"Purple Lamborghini\"\" is a song by American DJ Skrillex and American rapper Rick Ross. It was released as a single for the motion picture soundtrack for the 2016 DC Comics film \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" on July 22, 2016 by Atlantic Records, Warner Bros. Records and OWSLA. In the music video, Jared Leto reprises his role as The Joker from the movie. On 6 December 2016, \"\"Purple Lamborghini\"\" received one Grammy Award nomination: Best Song Written for Visual Media. The song was remixed by producer Kayzo. The artists co-wrote the song with Beat Billionaire, who co-produced it with Skrillex. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17126873", "chunk_text": "\"Jokerman (song)\"\nJokerman (song) \"\"Jokerman\"\" is a song by Bob Dylan that appeared as the opening track of his 1983 album \"\"Infidels\"\". Recorded on April 14, 1983, it was released as a single on June 1, 1984, featuring a live version of \"\"Isis\"\" from the film \"\"Renaldo and Clara\"\" as its B-side. In addition to appearing on \"\"Infidels\"\", \"\"Jokerman\"\" appeared on several Dylan \"\"Best of\"\" compilations, including \"\"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3\"\", \"\"The Best of Bob Dylan\"\", \"\"The Essential Bob Dylan\"\", and the deluxe version of \"\"Dylan\"\". The song has been noted for its biblical imagery, and has also been analyzed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8027318", "chunk_text": "\"Joker & the Thief\"\nJoker & the Thief \"\"Joker & the Thief\"\" is a song by Australian rock band Wolfmother. The song serves as the sixth track and sixth single from the band's eponymous debut studio album. It was released in Australia on 26 October 2005 and in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2006. The music video for the song was nominated for the \"\"Best Rock Video\"\" and \"\"Video of the Year\"\" awards at the 2007 MTV Australia Awards. The titular \"\"joker\"\" and \"\"thief\"\" are a reference to the lyrics of \"\"All Along the Watchtower\"\". In 2017 the song was featured in Codemasters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6180848", "chunk_text": "Pompatus\nPompatus Pompatus (or Pompitus) () is an unusual word used by Steve Miller famously in his 1973 hit single \"\"The Joker\"\". The word is probably a corruption or imagined version of the word \"\"puppetuse,\"\" an original coinage, written by a fourteen year old Vernon Green, and subsequently released in 1954 as the Doo Wop song \"\"The Letter\"\" performed by himself and The Medallions -- a song which also included another original coinage, \"\"pismotality.\"\" In other songs, \"\"Enter Maurice\"\" and \"\"The Conversation,\"\" Miller adds the word \"\"epismetology\"\" to \"\"pompatus,\"\" one in spoken word, the style of \"\"The Letter,\"\" in a likely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9695953", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker (album)\"\n(1974), \"\"Shu Ba Da Du Ma Ma Ma Ma\"\" (1974), and \"\"Evil\"\" (1975). Additional personnel The Joker (album) The Joker is the eighth studio album by Steve Miller Band. The album was released in October 1973, by Capitol Records. The album marked a period of significant change for the group as the band abandoned their psychedelic-oriented music for a more melodic, smooth rock/blues sound. Perhaps not coincidentally, it was also their first solid commercial success due to the strong radio-play of the title track. The title track took 19 days to record. The album reached #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16638987", "chunk_text": "\"June in January\"\nJune in January \"\"June in January\"\" is a popular song with music by Ralph Rainger and lyrics by Leo Robin, published in 1934. The song was introduced in the movie \"\"Here Is My Heart\"\" by Bing Crosby in 1934. The Crosby recording, made on November 9, 1934 with Georgie Stoll and his Orchestra, became a number #1 hit on Decca Records and has since has become a popular standard, recorded by many artists. Crosby recorded the song again for his 1954 album and this version was heard alongside an image of a Crosby lookalike in the film \"\"The Joker Is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3185150", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Curtis\"\nEddie Curtis Memphis Edward \"\"Eddie\"\" Curtis, Jr. (17 July 1927 – 22 August 1983) was an American songwriter, born in Galveston, Texas. He is credited as a co-writer along with Steve Miller and Ahmet Ertegun for \"\"The Joker\"\" by the Steve Miller Band, which became a U.S. number one single on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for the week of January 12, 1974 and U.K. No.1 single in 1990. \"\"The Joker\"\" used a line from Curtis's song, \"\"Lovey Dovey\"\", which was recorded by numerous artists, beginning with the R&B group The Clovers in 1954. Elements of \"\"The Joker\"\" were used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18326994", "chunk_text": "Partyman\nPartyman \"\"Partyman\"\" is a song by Prince from his 1989 \"\"Batman\"\" album, and the follow-up to his number one hit, \"\"Batdance\"\". The song is one of the few on the album that is prominently featured in the film, accompanying the scene in which the Joker and his minions gleefully deface the exhibits in the Gotham City Art Museum before meeting Vicki Vale. The bassline shares great similarities to \"\"Talking Loud and Saying Nothing\"\" by James Brown. The song's chant \"\"young and old, gather round; everybody hail the new king in town\"\" follows the same rhythm from the 1986 outtake \"\"Rebirth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316452", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker Is Wild\"\nthat is bound to arise between an audience and the film case-history of an unanonymous alcoholic.\"\" \"\"Variety\"\" commented on the \"\"major job Sinatra does... alternately sympathetic and pathetic, funny and sad.\"\" This movie won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Original Song, for \"\"All the Way\"\" by Jimmy Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn. When the film was re-released some years later, the title was changed for a period to \"\"All the Way\"\" due to the immense popularity of the film's theme song, which peaked at No. 2 on \"\"Billboard\"\". Sinatra actually became friends with the real Lewis, who commented that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19594309", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nBatman\"\" (1977, voiced by Lennie Weinrib) and \"\"\"\" (1985, voiced by Frank Welker). A darker version of the Joker (played by Jack Nicholson) made his film debut in 1989's \"\"Batman\"\", which earned over $400 million at the worldwide box office. The role was a defining performance in Nicholson's career and was considered to overshadow Batman's, with film critic Roger Ebert saying that the audience must sometimes remind themselves not to root for the Joker. \"\"Batman\"\"s success led to the 1992 television series, \"\"\"\". Voiced by Mark Hamill, the Joker retained the darker tone of the comics in stories acceptable for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6829817", "chunk_text": "\"Joaquin Phoenix\"\nPatrick deWitt's historical novel, \"\"The Sisters Brothers\"\". The film was released on September 21, 2018, In July 2018, Phoenix officially signed on as the Joker in the film \"\"Joker\"\". On July 18, 2018, Warner Bros. announced the name of the film is \"\"Joker\"\" and the release date is October 4, 2019. He has directed music videos for Ringside, She Wants Revenge, People in Planes, Arckid, Albert Hammond Jr. and Silversun Pickups. Phoenix served as one of the executive producers of a television show called \"\"4Real\"\", a half-hour series which showcase celebrity guests on global adventures \"\"in order to connect with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902795", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nin Ledger's previous performances, including his clown act in Terry Gilliam's fantasy film \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\". It also references paintings by artist Francis Bacon, Anthony Burgess' novel \"\"A Clockwork Orange\"\", and various punk rock musicians. The Joker is considered to be Ledger's finest performance; he himself regarded it as his most enjoyable. When the film was released in July 2008, six months after the actor had died from an accidental prescription drug overdose, the performance caused a sensation and received universal acclaim; Ledger was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Jared Leto portrays the Joker in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902804", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nBatman, Robin and the Mystery Inc. gang. The Joker appears in \"\"\"\" (1985–1986) episode \"\"The Wild Cards\"\", voiced by Frank Welker. He assists Darkseid by disguising himself as Ace, the leader of the Royal Flush Gang. The Joker appears in various animated series set within the DC animated universe, voiced by Mark Hamill, who is often credited as the iconic voice of the character because of his wide range of \"\"joyful, gleeful, maniacal, [...] malevolent and evil laughs.\"\" The Joker first appeared in \"\"\"\" (1992–1995). The show is notable for introducing his sidekick and lover, Harley Quinn, to such popularity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "660405", "chunk_text": "\"Jokerman (song)\"\nother world, and it's still so brilliant?\"\" Caetano Veloso covered \"\"Jokerman\"\" on his 1992 live album \"\"Circuladô Vivo\"\". Built to Spill covered the song for the Dylan tribute album \"\"\"\". It was also covered by Eliza Gilkyson on her 2007 album \"\"Your Town Tonight\"\" and featured in the play \"\"Girl from the North Country\"\". Jokerman (song) \"\"Jokerman\"\" is a song by Bob Dylan that appeared as the opening track of his 1983 album \"\"Infidels\"\". Recorded on April 14, 1983, it was released as a single on June 1, 1984, featuring a live version of \"\"Isis\"\" from the film \"\"Renaldo and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316447", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker Is Wild\"\nThe Joker Is Wild The Joker Is Wild is a 1957 American musical drama film directed by Charles Vidor, starring Frank Sinatra, Mitzi Gaynor, Jeanne Crain, and Eddie Albert, and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is about Joe E. Lewis, the popular singer and comedian who was a major attraction in nightclubs from the 1920s to the early 1950s. Joe E. Lewis (Frank Sinatra), a successful 1920s Chicago night-club entertainer is invited to work for the Mob during the Prohibition era. His eventual decision to work elsewhere results in his face being slashed and his throat cut, preventing him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4694125", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nJoker in other media The Joker, the archenemy of the fictional superhero Batman, has appeared in various media. WorldCat (a catalogue of libraries in 170 countries) records over 250 productions featuring the Joker as a subject, including films, television series, books, and video games. Live-action films featuring the character are typically the most successful. The Joker has been portrayed by Cesar Romero in the 1966 \"\"Batman\"\" television series, Jack Nicholson in the 1989 film \"\"Batman\"\", Heath Ledger in the 2008 film \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", Jared Leto in the 2016 film \"\"Suicide Squad\"\", and Cameron Monaghan in the 2014 television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3008602", "chunk_text": "\"Bye Bye Blues (song)\"\n1952 and lasted 5 weeks on the chart, peaking at #5. The song appeared as the title track of the 1989 film \"\"Bye Bye Blues\"\". The song also appeared in the 1957 film \"\"The Joker is Wild\"\" and the 2005 film \"\"The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio\"\". Bye Bye Blues (song) \"\"Bye Bye Blues\"\" is a popular and jazz standard written by Fred Hamm, Dave Bennett, Bert Lown, and Chauncey Gray and published in 1925. The year it was introduced it was sung by The Vikings on the NBC radio series, \"\"The Vikings\"\". It has been recorded by many artists,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18497025", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (2019 film)\"\nto be released on October 4, 2019. In 1981, a failed stand-up comedian disregarded by the society turns to a life of crime and chaos in Gotham City. Additionally, Josh Pais has been cast in an undisclosed role. In 2014, Joaquin Phoenix was interested in acting in a low-budget \"\"character study\"\"-type film about a comic book villain like the Joker. Phoenix had previously declined to act in the Marvel Cinematic Universe because he would have been required to play the roles he was offered, like Doctor Strange, in multiple films. He did not believe his idea for a film should", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2514581", "chunk_text": "\"Cold, Cold Heart\"\n\"\"\"\", the Joker, voiced by Troy Baker, can be heard singing the song. A quest in the 2010 post-apocalyptic open world action-RPG \"\"\"\" uses this song as its name. Cold, Cold Heart \"\"Cold, Cold Heart\"\" is a country music and pop song originally recorded by Hank Williams. This blues ballad is both a classic of honky-tonk and an entry in the \"\"Great American Songbook\"\". While Hank Williams described, in an October 1951 interview with the \"\"Wall Street Journal\"\", how he wrote the song (both music and lyrics) in about an hour, country music historian Colin Escott believes Williams adapted its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902800", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nfor all other \"\"Suicide Squad\"\"-related projects. In August 2017, Warner Bros. announced that a film focusing on the origin of the Joker is currently in development, with a plot that takes place in Gotham City during the 1980s as a \"\"hard-boiled crime drama\"\". Todd Phillips has signed on to co-write/direct/co-produce the film, with Scott Silver serving as co-writer and Martin Scorsese acting as co-producer. The project will be separate from the DC Extended Universe. Joaquin Phoenix was cast as the film's lead in July 2018, with principal photography expected to begin in September. \"\"Joker\"\" will be released on October 4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16584699", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker (Steve Miller Band song)\"\nIrish Singles Chart, the New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart, the Dutch Nationale Top 100 and the Dutch Top 40. The first line of the lyrics is a reference to the song \"\"Space Cowboy\"\" from Miller's \"\"Brave New World\"\" album. Following lines refer to two other songs: \"\"Gangster of Love\"\" from \"\"Sailor\"\" and \"\"Enter Maurice\"\" from \"\"Recall the Beginning...A Journey from Eden\"\". Borrows heavily from the song \"\"Soul Sister\"\" By Allen Toussaint. During the song, Steve Miller references The Clovers' 1954 song \"\"Lovey Dovey\"\" when he sings \"\"You're the cutest thing that I ever did see / Really love your peaches,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19594234", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nreferenced in a number of media. The Joker has been adapted to serve as Batman's adversary in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations, including the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" television series (played by Cesar Romero) and in films by Jack Nicholson in \"\"Batman\"\" (1989); Heath Ledger in \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (2008); Jared Leto in \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" (2016); and Joaquin Phoenix in \"\"Joker\"\" (2019). Mark Hamill, Troy Baker, and others have provided the character's voice. Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson are credited with creating the Joker, but their accounts of the character's conception differ, each providing his own version of events.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19162477", "chunk_text": "\"Electric Boogaloo (song)\"\nElectric Boogaloo (song) \"\"Electric Boogaloo\"\" is a dance-pop song by American music duo Ollie & Jerry. Released in late 1984 as the lead single from the soundtrack to the film \"\"\"\", the song reached number 45 on the R&B chart. Detroit natives and prolific session musicians Ollie E. Brown and Jerry Knight first collaborated as the duo Ollie & Jerry on the soundtrack to the 1984 breakdancing-themed film \"\"Breakin'\"\". The first track of that album, \"\"Breakin'... There's No Stopping Us\"\", was released as a single and reached number 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in the summer of 1984. Following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18409090", "chunk_text": "\"Age of the Joker\"\nAge of the Joker Age of the Joker is the ninth studio album by the German power metal band Edguy. It was released on 26 August 2011 through Nuclear Blast. Alongside the normal release, a double disc digipak edition was also issued, featuring b-sides, single versions of two album songs, as well as a cover of the Slade hit \"\"Cum on Feel the Noize\"\". A music video was shot for \"\"Robin Hood\"\", featuring German comedian Bernhard Hoecker and parodying the film \"\"The Adventures of Robin Hood\"\". The album also features a return to the power metal style whereas the previous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1121677", "chunk_text": "\"Greatest Hits 1974–78\"\ntopped the charts on January 12, 1974 and \"\"Rock'n Me\"\" on July 6, 1976. Greatest Hits 1974–78 Greatest Hits 1974–78 is a compilation album by the Steve Miller Band released in November 1978. The album features the title track from 1973's \"\"The Joker\"\" plus 13 tracks taken from \"\"Fly Like an Eagle\"\" (1976) and \"\"Book of Dreams\"\" (1977). As a sign of the album-oriented rock times, all but one track came from their last two albums even though they had eleven studio albums at the time. On this 1978 album/CD release, the shorter 7-inch single versions of \"\"Jet Airliner\"\", \"\"Swingtown\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11284328", "chunk_text": "\"Suicide Squad (film)\"\n8, 2016. A soundtrack album for the film, titled \"\"Suicide Squad: The Album\"\", was announced in June 2016, and released on August 5, 2016. The album's first single, \"\"Heathens\"\" by Twenty One Pilots, was released on June 20, 2016. A music video for the song, set in a prison and featuring footage from the film, was released on June 21. \"\"Sucker for Pain\"\" was released as the second single on June 24. The album's third single, \"\"Purple Lamborghini\"\" by Skrillex and Rick Ross, was released on July 22. \"\"Gangsta\"\" by Kehlani; \"\"Standing in the Rain\"\" by Action Bronson, Mark Ronson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6977373", "chunk_text": "\"Groove Is in the Heart\"\nSeptember 1990. Its placing second was due to a rule instituted in the UK Singles Chart in the 1980s, which settled any \"\"ties\"\" over chart positions due to equal sales: the single with sales that had increased most from the previous week would reside above the other, controversially giving \"\"The Joker\"\" by the Steve Miller Band the top place. Following complaints from Deee-Lite's record company, WEA, the rule, of which this had been the only case, was scrapped and joint positions were once again allowed. \"\"The Joker\"\" spent a second week at the number one spot and thereafter convincingly outsold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1121676", "chunk_text": "\"Greatest Hits 1974–78\"\nthan its album counterpart). Number in parentheses indicates the order of appearance on the 8-track version. Number in Brackets [] indicate the order on the original LP/Tape. All selections published by Sailor Music, except \"\"The Joker\"\" by Sailor Music/Unichappel Music, Inc. and \"\"Jet Airliner\"\" by Sailor Music/No Thought Music. Production Artwork and design It has sold 14 million copies in the United States and is ranked 37th on the Recording Industry Association of America list of best selling albums. It also achieved Diamond certification in Canada (1,000,000 units) in 2003. Two singles that reached No. 1 are \"\"The Joker\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10224225", "chunk_text": "\"Gangsta (Kehlani song)\"\nGangsta (Kehlani song) \"\"Gangsta\"\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Kehlani. It serves as the fourth and final single from the \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" soundtrack. The song was released on August 1, 2016 by Atlantic Records and was written by Kehlani, Myron Birdsong, Skylar Grey, Andrew Swanson and JMIKE, with the latter two also producing the song. Lyrically the song speaks to her desire for a gangster's love for her, referring to the relationship between The Joker and Harley Quinn in the movie from the latter's point of view. The song is also featured on the deluxe edition of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18497033", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (2019 film)\"\nOctober 16. Shortly before filming in Newark began, SAG-AFTRA received a complaint that extras were locked in subway cars for more than three hours during filming in Brooklyn, a break violation. However, the issue was quickly resolved after a representative visited the set. In late October, Whigham said they were in \"\"the middle\"\" of production, adding that it was an \"\"intense\"\" and \"\"incredible\"\" experience. By mid-November, filming had moved back to New York. Filming wrapped on December 18, 2018. In August 2018, Hildur Guðnadóttir was hired to compose the film's score. The film is scheduled to be released on October", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18625843", "chunk_text": "\"The Future (song)\"\nDC Comics location Gotham City, and that it needs \"\"spirituality that will last\"\". \"\"Electric Chair\"\" was recorded well before the album concept had begun, being cut in June 1988. Despite this, it fits well into the theme of the film and evokes the Joker's madness. The track blends hard rock and funk with a loud, booming drum machine pattern, and aggressive bass and lead guitar wailing throughout. The bridge combines a funky, percussive bass line with a meshed guitar synth phrase. 7-inch single 12-inch / CD single The Future (song) \"\"The Future\"\" is a song from Prince's 1989 \"\"Batman\"\" soundtrack,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19075278", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (The Dark Knight)\"\nperformance; he himself regarded it as his most enjoyable. When the film was released in July 2008, six months after the actor had died from an accidental prescription drug overdose, the performance caused a sensation, receiving widespread acclaim and numerous posthumous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The character is indirectly referenced at the end of \"\"Batman Begins\"\", when Lt. James Gordon (Gary Oldman) describes to Batman (Christian Bale) a suspect wanted in connection with an armed robbery and double homicide. Gordon shows Batman a joker playing card left at the crime scene. The Joker (Heath Ledger)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2765708", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Hyland\"\nof Stars.\"\" The caravan was in Dallas, Texas on the day of the assassination of President Kennedy in 1963. To commemorate the event, Hyland wrote the song \"\"Mail Order Gun\"\", which he recorded and eventually released on his 1970 eponymous album. From 1963 through 1969, Hyland scored several minor hits, but none reached higher than #20 (\"\"The Joker Went Wild\"\") on the U.S. pop chart. An album released in 1964 featured numbers that hearkened back to the 1950s including such hits as \"\"Pledging My Love\"\" and \"\"Moments to Remember\"\"—at a time when The Beatles were sweeping the pop music world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19562477", "chunk_text": "\"Angel (Shaggy song)\"\nAngel (Shaggy song) \"\"Angel\"\" is a song by Jamaican reggae artist Shaggy featuring Rayvon. It was the follow-up to Shaggy's international number-one hit \"\"It Wasn't Me\"\", released in late 2000. \"\"Angel\"\" proved to be almost as successful, reaching number one in many countries, including Australia, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The song uses the bass line from \"\"The Joker\"\" by Steve Miller (1973). The chorus melody is from \"\"Angel of the Morning\"\", originally written and composed by Chip Taylor, that has been recorded numerous times and has been a hit single for various artists including Merrilee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10778394", "chunk_text": "\"Carnival of Carnage\"\nCarnival of Carnage Carnival of Carnage is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse, released on October 18, 1992, by Psychopathic Records. Recording sessions for the album took place from 1991 to 1992 at Miller Midi Productions and The Tempermill Studio. The album is the first Joker's Card in the group's Dark Carnival mythology. The album's lyrics describe the Carnival of Carnage as a representation of the violence that occurs within the ghettos, which takes the form of a traveling carnival to enact the same brutality on the upper class. \"\"Carnival Of Carnage\"\" was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554011", "chunk_text": "Pompatus\nhomage to the Doo Wop song. The oddness of the word \"\"pompatus\"\" occasioned some attention and further use, including being used in the title of a movie. The lyrics of \"\"The Joker\"\" include the quatrain: Each line references a track on a previous Miller album: \"\"Space Cowboy\"\" on \"\"Brave New World\"\" (1969); \"\"Gangster of Love\"\" on \"\"Sailor\"\" (1968); and \"\"Enter Maurice\"\" on \"\"Recall the Beginning...A Journey from Eden\"\" (1972), which includes the lines: Although Miller claims he invented the words \"\"epismetology\"\" (a metathesis of the word epistemology) and \"\"pompatus\"\", both are variants of words which Miller most likely heard in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1350860", "chunk_text": "\"Revolt (Wild Fire album)\"\non \"\"Revolt\"\". \"\"Villain\"\" is the first single and the most successful track on \"\"Revolt\"\" since its release on November 15, 2015 (later May 23, 2017 on the album), with over 600,000 streams on Spotify and three million views, in total, on every YouTube video that contains the song. The single also peaked at number 82 on the Media Base Rock Charts in the third quarter of 2017. The song is written by lead vocalist and pianist Zack Sawyer, and former lead guitarist Taylor Roberts cites The Joker as an inspiration. Roberts said: While I'm not the author of the lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16775592", "chunk_text": "\"Heathens (song)\"\nHeathens (song) \"\"Heathens\"\" is a song by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released as the lead single for the motion picture soundtrack for the film \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" (2016) on June 16, 2016, through Atlantic Records and Warner Bros. Records. The song was written by Tyler Joseph and produced by him along with Mike Elizondo. \"\"Heathens\"\" peaked at number two on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, tying with \"\"Stressed Out\"\" for the duo's highest charting single to date. \"\"Heathens\"\" was nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 59th annual awards ceremony. On June 15, 2016, the song was leaked through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14642668", "chunk_text": "\"The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd\"\nas Sir; Sally Smith from the UK production repeating her role as The Kid; Joyce Jillson as The Girl; and Gilbert Price as The Negro. Conductor Herbert Grossman served as music director. In addition to Bennett, Newley and Dusty Springfield had hit recordings of \"\"Who Can I Turn To?\"\" \"\"The Joker\"\" was recorded by Gina Riley for use as the opening theme song for the Australian sitcom \"\"Kath & Kim\"\" and was covered originally by Shirley Bassey. However, the most well-known recordings were by Bobby Rydell and Sérgio Mendes & Brasil '66. The main theme song for Miss Venezuela beauty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6316453", "chunk_text": "\"The Joker Is Wild\"\n\"\"You (Sinatra) had more fun playing my life than I had living it.\"\" The Joker Is Wild The Joker Is Wild is a 1957 American musical drama film directed by Charles Vidor, starring Frank Sinatra, Mitzi Gaynor, Jeanne Crain, and Eddie Albert, and released by Paramount Pictures. The film is about Joe E. Lewis, the popular singer and comedian who was a major attraction in nightclubs from the 1920s to the early 1950s. Joe E. Lewis (Frank Sinatra), a successful 1920s Chicago night-club entertainer is invited to work for the Mob during the Prohibition era. His eventual decision to work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18908975", "chunk_text": "A.L.T.\neven Eazy-E, to mention a few. His music has appeared in many movies and television such as \"\"Touched by an Angel\"\" (CBS), \"\"The Real World\"\" (MTV) and movies like \"\"The Substitute\"\" starring Tom Berenger. World-renowned tattoo artist Paul \"\"The Joker\"\" Parrilla, known for his tattoo shop in Pomona, California, is responsible for many pieces of tattoo artwork on A.L.T. Parrilla is also featured in various music videos by A.L.T. and is lauded in his performances. A.L.T. Alvin Lowell Trivette, known as A.L.T., is a Mexican-American rapper. known for the 1991 hit \"\"Lowrider (On the Boulevard)\"\" (as a member of Latin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9675301", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Curtis\"\n1992 (as \"\"Hard Head\"\") on Robert Palmer's \"\"Ridin' High\"\", accompanied by guitarist Johnny Winter and a big band directed by Clare Fischer. A French version was recorded by Henri Salvador as \"\"Qu'ça saute\"\" on \"\"Monsieur Henri\"\" (1994). Curtis died of prostate cancer in New York on 22 August 1983, aged 56. Eddie Curtis Memphis Edward \"\"Eddie\"\" Curtis, Jr. (17 July 1927 – 22 August 1983) was an American songwriter, born in Galveston, Texas. He is credited as a co-writer along with Steve Miller and Ahmet Ertegun for \"\"The Joker\"\" by the Steve Miller Band, which became a U.S. number one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4694154", "chunk_text": "\"Joker in other media\"\nas the Joker. The Joker is featured in the platform game \"\"\"\", released for the NES in 1991 and the Genesis in 1992. Other games include \"\"\"\" (2001) for Game Boy Color, \"\"\"\" (2002) for Game Boy Advance, and \"\"\"\" (2003) for GameCube and Xbox. The Joker also makes a cameo in \"\"\"\" (2003), released for several platforms. Mark Hamill reprises his role as the Joker in the main trilogy of the \"\"\"\" franchise, while Troy Baker voices a younger version of the character in the prequel \"\"Arkham Origins\"\". This depiction of the Joker has received widespread acclaim, as critics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18582475", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Carey\"\nand producer. In 1992 with Joe Cocker – Now That You're Gone, Forest McDonald's Color Blind, Chris Norman, Peter Maffay, Milva, and in 2006 from Dire Straits, David Knopfler – Songs For The Siren. In a November 12, 2011 interview on Lkcb 128.4 Internet Radio Carey said 'Ive written over a thousand songs, for myself. other artists, and film and TV productions.'. After his 1987 release \"\"Bedtime Story\"\" (soundtrack for the German film \"\"The Joker\"\" with Peter Maffay) he recorded a second soundtrack album, called \"\"Wilder Western Inclusive\"\", which featured the hit single \"\"Room With A View\"\" (#3 on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10778532", "chunk_text": "\"The Ringmaster (album)\"\nThe Ringmaster (album) Ringmaster is the second studio album by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse, released on March 8, 1994, by Psychopathic Records. Recording sessions for the album took place in 1993 at The Tempermill Studio. The album is the second Joker's Card in the group's Dark Carnival mythology. The album's lyrics describe the leader of the Carnival, who serves as one of the judges of one's soul in the afterlife, as being created from the listener's own evils. The album was the first Insane Clown Posse album which was composed solely by producer Mike E. Clark, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9477766", "chunk_text": "\"Gangsta (Kehlani song)\"\nthe relationship of Harley and the Joker. In 2017, rock band New Years Day covered \"\"Gangsta\"\" for the compilation album \"\"Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7\"\". Gangsta (Kehlani song) \"\"Gangsta\"\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Kehlani. It serves as the fourth and final single from the \"\"Suicide Squad\"\" soundtrack. The song was released on August 1, 2016 by Atlantic Records and was written by Kehlani, Myron Birdsong, Skylar Grey, Andrew Swanson and JMIKE, with the latter two also producing the song. Lyrically the song speaks to her desire for a gangster's love for her, referring to the relationship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17257152", "chunk_text": "\"Joker (character)\"\nof media, including television series, animated and live-action films. WorldCat (a catalog of libraries in 170 countries) records over 250 productions featuring the Joker as a subject, including films, books, and video games, and Batman films featuring the character are typically the most successful. The character's earliest on-screen adaptation was in the 1966 television series \"\"Batman\"\" and its film adaptation \"\"Batman\"\", in which he was played as a cackling prankster by Cesar Romero (reflecting his contemporary comic counterpart). The Joker then appeared in the animated television series \"\"The Adventures of Batman\"\" (1968, voiced by Larry Storch), \"\"The New Adventures of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_186	what is the tigers name in life of pi?	n/a	[ "Richard Parker" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784565", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nsupports his desire to grow, but his rationalist father tries to secularize him. Pi's family owns a zoo, and Pi takes interest in the animals, especially a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. After Pi gets dangerously close to Richard Parker, his father forces him to witness the tiger killing a goat. When Pi is 16, his father announces that they must move to Canada, where he intends to settle and sell the animals. The family books passage with the animals on a Japanese freighter. During a storm, the ship founders while Pi is on deck. He tries to find his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737395", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\ntranquilizer darts while her cub escapes hiding in a bush. Parker names the cub Thirsty after his enthusiasm when drinking from a nearby river. The paperwork that accompanies the shipment of the two tigers to Pi's family's zoo in Pondicherry states that the cub's name is \"\"Richard Parker\"\" and the hunter's given name is \"\"Thirsty\"\" and his surname is \"\"None Given\"\", due to a mix-up with the names. Pi's father finds the story so amusing that they continue to call the tiger \"\"Richard Parker\"\". Brian Bethune of \"\"Maclean's\"\" describes \"\"Life of Pi\"\" as a \"\"head-scratching combination of dense religious allegory,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768070", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nship sinks in the middle of the Pacific Ocean during a voyage to North America. Richard Parker is a royal Bengal tiger who is stranded on the lifeboat with Pi when the ship sinks. Richard Parker lives on the lifeboat with Pi and is kept alive with the food and water Pi delivers. Richard Parker develops a relationship with Pi that allows them to coexist in their struggle. In the novel, a hunter named Richard Parker is hired to kill a panther thought to have killed seven people within two months. Instead, he accidentally immobilizes a female Bengal tiger with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768062", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nstory as one of \"\"personal growth through adversity.\"\" The main character learns that \"\"tigers are dangerous\"\" at a young age when his father forces him to watch the zoo's Royal Bengal tiger patriarch, Mahisha, devour a live goat. Later, after he has been reduced to eking out a desperate existence on the lifeboat with the company of a fully grown tiger, Pi develops \"\"alpha\"\" qualities as he musters the strength, will and skills he needs to survive. In a 2002 interview with PBS, Martel said \"\"I was sort of looking for a story, not only with a small 's' but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768050", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nLife of Pi Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor \"\"Pi\"\" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. The novel has sold more than ten million copies worldwide. It was rejected by at least five London publishing houses before being accepted by Knopf Canada, which published it in September 2001. The UK edition won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768063", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nsort of with a capital 'S' – something that would direct my life.\"\" He spoke of being lonely and needing direction in his life, and found that writing the novel met this need. The name of Martel's tiger, Richard Parker, was inspired by a character in Edgar Allan Poe's nautical adventure novel \"\"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket\"\" (1838). In this book, Richard Parker is a mutineer who is stranded and eventually cannibalized on the hull of an overturned ship (and there is a dog aboard who is named Tiger). The author also had in mind another occurrence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784562", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nLife of Pi (film) Life of Pi is a 2012 American survival drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name. Directed by Ang Lee, the film's adapted screenplay was written by David Magee, and it stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Tabu Hashmi, Adil Hussain, and Gérard Depardieu. The storyline revolves around an Indian man named \"\"Pi\"\" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger. The film had its worldwide premiere as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737381", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nOrange Juice. A tiger has been hiding under the boat's tarpaulin: it's Richard Parker, who had boarded the lifeboat with ambivalent assistance from Pi himself some time before the hyena attack. Suddenly emerging from his hideaway, Richard Parker kills and eats the hyena. Frightened, Pi constructs a small raft out of rescue flotation devices, tethers it to the bow of the boat and makes it his place of retirement. He begins conditioning Richard Parker to take a submissive role by using food as a positive reinforcer, and seasickness as a punishment mechanism, while using a whistle for signals. Soon, Pi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768053", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nhis full name, Piscine Molitor Patel, as a tribute to the swimming pool in France. After hearing schoolmates tease him by transforming the first name into \"\"Pissing\"\", he establishes the short form of his name as \"\"Pi\"\" when he starts secondary school. The name, he says, pays tribute to the transcendental number which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. In recounting his experiences, Pi describes several other unusual situations involving proper names: two visitors to the zoo, one a devout Muslim, and the other a committed atheist, bear identical names; and a 450-pound tiger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784568", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nPi trains Richard Parker to accept him in the boat, and realizes that caring for the tiger is also helping keep himself alive. Weeks later they encounter a floating island of interconnected trees. It is a lush jungle of edible plants, fresh water pools and a large population of meerkats, enabling Pi and Richard Parker to eat and drink freely and regain strength. At night, the island transforms into a hostile environment. Richard Parker retreats to the lifeboat while Pi and the meerkats sleep in the trees; the water pools turn acidic, digesting the fish in them. Pi deduces that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784570", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nthe hyena. In this story, the cook kills the sailor and feeds on his flesh. He also kills Pi's mother after which Pi kills him with a knife and uses his remains as food and fish bait. The insurance agents are dissatisfied with this story, but they leave without questioning Pi further. Yann recognizes the parallels between the two stories, noting that in the second one, Pi fills the role of the tiger. Pi asks which story the writer prefers, and Yann chooses the first, to which Pi replies, \"\"and so it goes with God\"\". Glancing at a copy of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784567", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nthe orangutan. Richard Parker emerges from under the tarpaulin, killing the hyena before retreating back to cover for several days. Pi fashions a small tethered raft from flotation vests which he retreats to for safety from Richard Parker. Despite his moral code against killing, he begins fishing, enabling him to sustain the tiger as well. When the tiger jumps into the sea to hunt for fish and then comes threateningly towards Pi, Pi considers letting him drown, but ultimately helps him back into the boat. One night, a humpback whale breaches near the boat, destroying the raft and its supplies.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768060", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nwell as Pi's mother for food, and soon he is killed by Pi, who dines on him. The investigators note parallels between the two stories. They soon conclude that the hyena symbolizes the cook, the zebra the sailor, the orangutan Pi's mother, and the tiger represents Pi. Pi points out that neither story can be proven and neither explains the cause of the shipwreck, so he asks the officials which story they prefer: the one without animals or the one with animals. They eventually choose the story with the animals. Pi thanks them and says: \"\"And so it goes with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737379", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nat the zoo bears the name Richard Parker as the result of a clerical error, in which human and animal names were reversed. Pi is raised as a Hindu who practices vegetarianism. At the age of fourteen, he investigates Christianity and Islam, and decides to become an adherent of all three religions, much to his parents' dismay, saying he \"\"just wants to love God.\"\" He tries to understand God through the lens of each religion, and comes to recognize benefits in each one. A few years later in February 1976, during the period when Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14253285", "chunk_text": "Tiger\nbenign. In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, tigers are fiercer and more ruthless than lions. The tiger's tail appears in stories from countries including China and Korea, it being generally inadvisable to grasp a tiger by the tail. In William Blake's poem in the \"\"Songs of Experience\"\", titled \"\"The Tyger,\"\" the tiger is a menacing and fearful animal. In Yann Martel's 2001 Man Booker Prize winning novel \"\"Life of Pi\"\", the protagonist, surviving shipwreck for months in a small boat, somehow avoids being eaten by the other survivor, a large Bengal tiger. The story was adapted in Ang Lee's 2012 feature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768067", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nYan, 'Life of Pi' is told from two alternating points of view, the main character Pi in a flashback and Yann Martel himself, who is the \"\"visiting writer\"\" (Martel 101) interviewing Pi many years after the tiger in the boat story. This technique of the intrusive narrator adds the documentary realism to the book, setting up, like a musical counter-point, the myth-making, unreliable narrator, Pi. The reader is left to ponder at the end whether Pi's story is an allegory of another set of parallel events. The novel is a work of fiction set in the summer of 1977 that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768057", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nasserts himself as the alpha animal, and is eventually able to share the boat with his feline companion, admitting in the end that Richard Parker is the one who helped him survive his ordeal. Pi recounts various events while adrift in the Pacific Ocean. At his lowest point, exposure renders him blind and unable to catch fish. In a state of delirium, he talks with a marine \"\"echo\"\", which he initially identifies as Richard Parker having gained the ability to speak, but it turns out to be another blind castaway, a Frenchman, who boards the lifeboat with the intention of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768058", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nkilling and eating Pi, but is immediately killed by Richard Parker. Some time later, Pi's boat comes ashore on a floating island network of algae and inhabited by hundreds of thousands of meerkats. Soon, Pi and Richard Parker regain strength, but the boy's discovery of the carnivorous nature of the island's plant life forces him to return to the ocean. Two hundred and twenty-seven days after the ship's sinking, the lifeboat washes onto a beach in Mexico, after which Richard Parker disappears into the nearby jungle without looking back, leaving Pi heartbroken at the abrupt farewell. The third part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784566", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nfamily, but a crewman throws him into a lifeboat. A freed zebra jumps onto the boat with him, breaking its leg. The ship sinks into the Mariana Trench drowning his family. Pi briefly sees what appears to be a survivor, but it turns out to be Richard Parker. After the storm, Pi awakens in the lifeboat with the zebra, and is joined by a resourceful orangutan. A spotted hyena emerges from under a tarpaulin covering half of the lifeboat and snaps at Pi, forcing him to retreat to the end of the boat. The hyena kills the zebra and later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768055", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\n\"\"The Emergency\"\", Pi's father decides to sell the zoo and immigrate with his wife and sons to Canada. The second part of the novel begins with Pi's family aboard the \"\"Tsimtsum\"\", a Japanese freighter that is transporting animals from their zoo to North America. A few days out of port from Manila, the ship encounters a storm and sinks. Pi manages to escape in a small lifeboat, only to learn that the boat also holds a spotted hyena, an injured Grant's zebra, and an orangutan named Orange Juice. Much to the boy's distress, the hyena kills the zebra and then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784602", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nof composer Thampi's renowned lullaby in Malayalam \"\"Omanathinkal Kidavo\"\". Jayashri has denied the allegation. A 2013 investigation by the Hollywood Reporter brought to light leaked emails suggesting that animals involved in the filming of \"\"Life of Pi\"\" had been mistreated during the filming despite the American Humane Association's \"\"No Animals Were Harmed\"\" certification on the film. In an April 7, 2011, ACA monitor, Gina Johnson, wrote that \"\"last week we almost killed King\"\". The email goes on to suggest that the incident, in which the tiger apparently nearly drowned while filming a scene, would be \"\"downplayed\"\" in the official report", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784564", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nLee. In Canada, novelist Yann Martel meets Pi Patel; Martel has been told that Pi's life story would be a good subject for a book. Pi tells his story to Yann: Pi's father names him Piscine Molitor Patel after the swimming pool in France. In secondary school in Pondicherry, he adopts the name \"\"Pi\"\" (the Greek letter, ) to avoid the sound-alike nickname \"\"Pissing Patel\"\". He is raised in a Hindu family, but at 12 years old, is introduced to Christianity and then Islam, and decides to follow all three religions as he \"\"just wants to love God\"\". His mother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768052", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nDavid Magee. The novel begins with a note from the author, which is an integral part of it. Unusually, the note describes entirely fictional events. It serves to establish and enforce one of the book's main themes: the relativity of truth. \"\"Life of Pi\"\" is subdivided into three sections: In the first section, the main character, by the name of Piscine Patel, an adult Canadian, reminisces about his childhood in India. His father owns a zoo in Pondicherry. The livelihood provides the family with a relatively affluent lifestyle and some understanding of animal psychology. The narrator describes how he acquired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784569", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nthe island is carnivorous after finding a human tooth embedded in a flower. Pi and Richard Parker leave the island, eventually reaching the coast of Mexico. Pi is saddened that Richard Parker does not acknowledge him before disappearing into the jungle. He is rescued and brought to a hospital. Insurance agents for the Japanese freighter company interview him, but do not believe his story and ask what really happened. He tells a different story, in which the animals are replaced by human survivors: his mother for the orangutan, an amiable sailor for the zebra, and the ship's brutish cook for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784600", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nto the effects industry. In addition, director Ang Lee was criticized by the protest leader for his failure to thank the effect industry, \"\"Ang thanked the crew, the actors, his agent, his lawyer and the entire population of Taiwan right down to the team that built the wave-pool on the soundstage where Pi was shot, but failed to mention hundreds of artists who made not only the main character of the tiger, but replaced that pool, making it look like a real ocean for 80% of his movie.\"\" He was also criticized for earlier complaining about the costs of visual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768069", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\ntourist and pilgrimage site in Tamil Nadu. Piscine Molitor Patel, known to all as just \"\"Pi\"\", is the narrator and protagonist of the novel. He was named after a swimming pool in Paris, despite the fact that neither his mother nor his father particularly liked swimming. The story is told as a narrative from the perspective of a middle-aged Pi, now married with his own family, and living in Canada. At the time of main events of the story, he is sixteen years old. He recounts the story of his life and his 227-day journey on a lifeboat when his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737398", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nStates on 2012. At the 85th Academy Awards it won four awards from eleven nominations, including Best This novel has also been adapted as a play by Keith Robinson, artistic director of the youth-oriented Twisting Yarn Theatre Company. Andy Rashleigh wrote the adaptation, which was directed by Keith Robinson. The premier/original cast contained only six actors – Tony Hasnath (Pi), Taresh Solanki (Richard Parker), Melody Brown (Mother), Conor Alexander (Father), Sanjay Shalat (Brother) and Mark Pearce (Uncle). The play was produced at the Alhambra Theatre in Bradford, England, in 2003. The company toured England and Ireland with the play in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784576", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nocean survival, as well as in yoga and meditation practices to prepare for the part. Two months after Sharma was cast, it was announced that Gérard Depardieu would play the role of the Cook, Irrfan Khan would play the adult Pi, Adil Hussain would play Pi's father, while Tabu was in talks to play the role of Pi's mother. Canadian child actor Rajiv Surendra, best known at the time for a small part in \"\"Mean Girls\"\", was one of the auditioners for the role of Pi. In 2016, he published \"\"The Elephants in My Backyard\"\", a memoir of his failed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784577", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\ncampaign to win the part. In an interview with Deccan Chronicle in 2017, American actor Naren Weiss revealed that he too unsuccessfully auditioned for the role of Pi. In April 2011, it was announced that Tobey Maguire would be joining the film in the role originally referred to as \"\"a reporter.\"\" However, in September 2012, it was announced that Lee had cut Maguire from the film. He justified the cut by stating that he did it \"\"to be consistent with the other casting choices made for the film, I decided to go with an entirely international cast.\"\" Like Shahrukh Khan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768065", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\naccounts in part for his novel's premise. Scliar's story describes a Jewish-German refugee crossing the Atlantic Ocean with a jaguar in his boat. Scliar said that he was perplexed that Martel \"\"used the idea without consulting or even informing me,\"\" and indicated that he was reviewing the situation before deciding whether to take any action in response. After talking with Martel, Scliar elected not to pursue the matter. A dedication to Scliar \"\"for the spark of life\"\" appears in the author's note of \"\"Life of Pi\"\". Literary reviews have described the similarities between \"\"Life of Pi\"\" and \"\"Max and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19347549", "chunk_text": "\"Tiger (franchise)\"\ngraphic novels, published by Yomics World. An agent code-named \"\"Tiger\"\" (Salman Khan)India's top spy and an officer of the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)is conducting a mission in northern Iraq. Tiger is forced to kill one of his own men who has defected to Pakistan's spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). He subsequently kills many ISI agents in his escape from Iraq. Tiger returns to India and reports to his boss, Shenoy (Girish Karnad), in New Delhi. He is immediately sent on a mission to Dublin to observe a scientist of Indian origin, Professor Anwar Jamaal Kidwai (Roshan Seth), who teaches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784571", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nthe insurance report, Yann sees that the agents also chose the first story. The project had numerous directors and writers attached, and the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" credited Fox 2000 Pictures executive Elizabeth Gabler with keeping the project active. In February 2003 Gabler acquired the project to adapt \"\"Life of Pi\"\" into a film. She hired screenwriter Dean Georgaris to write an adapted screenplay. The following October, Fox 2000 announced a partnership with M. Night Shyamalan to direct the film. Shyamalan was attracted to the novel particularly because its main character also comes from Pondicherry in India. The partners anticipated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784603", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nto the ACA. Additionally, the exposé alleges that Johnson was involved in a romantic relationship with one of the film's producers, possibly representing a conflict of interest. \"\"Life of Pi\"\" director Ang Lee has described the animal abuse allegations as \"\"an accident\"\" in interviews. Following the publication of the Hollywood Reporter investigation, Gina Johnson resigned from her position with the ACA. New animal welfare concerns were raised in 2015 when PETA released a video that appeared to show \"\"Life of Pi\"\" animal trainer Michael Hackenberger swearing at and whipping a young tiger 19 times. In April 2016, the Ontario Society", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12866544", "chunk_text": "\"Ang Lee\"\n\"\"Taking Woodstock\"\" was \"\"Life of Pi\"\", which was adapted from the novel of the same name written by Yann Martel. The story was a retrospective first-person narrative from Pi, a then 16-year-old boy from India, who is the only human to survive the sinking of a freighter on the way from India to Canada. He finds himself on a lifeboat with an orangutan, a hyena, a wounded zebra and a Bengal tiger. During this unlikely journey, young Pi questions his belief in God and the meaning of life. The novel was once considered impossible to make into a movie, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2768064", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nof the name, in the famous legal case R v Dudley and Stephens (1884) where a shipwreck again results in the cannibalism of a cabin boy named Richard Parker, this time in a lifeboat. A third Richard Parker drowned in the sinking of the \"\"Francis Spaight\"\" in 1846, described by author Jack London, and later the cabin boy (not Richard Parker) was cannibalized. Having read about these events, Yann Martel thought, \"\"So many victimized Richard Parkers had to mean something.\"\" Martel has mentioned that a book review he read of Brazilian author Moacyr Scliar's 1981 novella \"\"Max and the Cats\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1063269", "chunk_text": "\"Tiger in Chinese culture\"\nwith autumn, when it comes down from the mountains into villages, and is personified by the constellation Orion, which is prominent in autumn. In Chinese astrology, the star Alpha of the Great Bear constellation gave birth to the first tiger. The tiger represents the masculine principle in nature and is king of all the animals, as shown by the four stripes on his forehead, which form the character Wang (王), or King. The tiger is regarded as one of the four super-intelligent creatures, along with the dragon, phoenix and tortoise; for centuries, the four have been a major design motif", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4076934", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Lockhart\"\nbullet pierced his spinal cord, and he was paralyzed. In \"\"The Tiger in the Well\"\", he has assumed the name \"\"Tzaddik\"\" and, amongst other organised criminal activities, runs a prostitution ring throughout Europe. He also has a mysterious tiny servant, rumoured to be a \"\"dybbuk\"\", an evil spirit with its origins in Jewish mythology, although it is later revealed to be a monkey. The \"\"dybbuk\"\" is killed by the Tzaddik's valet, Michelet; he had been intending to abduct Harriet to take the monkey's place as his personal servant as part of his revenge against Sally, but the plan fell through.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784578", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nLee described Maguire's presence also as \"\"too jarringly recognizable.\"\" He reshot the scenes with Rafe Spall in the role of the book's actual author. Principal photography for the film began on January 18, 2011, in Puducherry at the Holy Rosary Church in Muthialpet. Filming continued in Puducherry until January 31 and moved to other parts of India, including the popular hill station of Munnar in Kerala, as well as Taiwan. The crew filmed in Taiwan for five and a half months in Taipei Zoo, an airport in Taichung, and Kenting National Park, located in Pingtung County where Lee was born.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784598", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\ncalling it the next \"\"Avatar.\"\" The film has been described as containing a \"\"subtle, artistic warning\"\" about the dangers of increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and ocean acidification, the acidic island Pi and Richard Parker encounter being compared to Castello Aragonese in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Naples and Richard Parker's final dismissive departure representing the \"\"not too pleasant face of Gaia (see Gaia hypothesis).\"\" \"\"Life of Pi\"\" was listed on many critics' top ten lists. Despite the Oscar for Best Visual Effects at the 2013 Academy Awards, Rhythm & Hues Studios (who provided most of the visual effects for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15838917", "chunk_text": "\"The Tiger's Apprentice\"\na zealous salesperson in the form of a flying rat, has seen one of Vatten’s spies (pgs 30-32, 68). Mr. Hu leaves Tom to wait for Mistral and protect the phoenix. While Mr. Hu is gone, a silver haired girl, Räv, comes to the door in a fright, looking for sanctuary. Although Mr. Hu has commanded Tom not to open the door, Tom is moved by compassion and lets her in. With the door open, the creature Loo arrives. Another creature from ancient Chinese mythology, Loo is a three-eyed fanged creature with blue skin and red hair. He carries an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "314432", "chunk_text": "\"R v Dudley and Stephens\"\nof them subsequently being cannibalised by their fellow seamen. Edgar Allan Poe's only novel, \"\"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket\"\", published in 1838, features a character named Richard Parker, who, after a shipwreck, becomes a victim of cannibalism by the ship's remaining survivors. Writer Yann Martel in his 2001 novel \"\"Life of Pi\"\" picked up on these occurrences, and named the book's shipwrecked Bengal tiger Richard Parker. The case was also the basis for a famous Monty Python sketch, titled \"\"Lifeboat (Cannibalism)/Still no Sign of Land\"\". In that sketch, five sailors are on a lifeboat after a shipwreck,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14253286", "chunk_text": "Tiger\nfilm of the same name. Jim Corbett's 1944 \"\"Man-Eaters of Kumaon\"\" tells ten true stories of his tiger-hunting exploits in what is now the northern Uttarakhand region of India. The book has sold over four million copies, and has been the basis of both fictional and documentary films. In Rudyard Kipling's 1894 \"\"The Jungle Book\"\", the tiger, Shere Khan, is the mortal enemy of the human protagonist, Mowgli. Other tiger characters aimed at children tend to be more benign, as for instance Tigger in A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh and Hobbes of the comic strip \"\"Calvin and Hobbes\"\", both of whom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18374337", "chunk_text": "\"Max and the Cats\"\nnumber of zoo animals caged in the hold—but after being rescued and making a life for himself in Brazil continues to find his German past impossible to escape. The novel came to widespread public attention in 2002 when Canadian writer Yann Martel won the Man Booker Prize for \"\"Life of Pi\"\". Martel's novel is about a boy, Pi, who finds himself trapped on a boat with a tiger after the ship he and his family are sailing on sinks. The family were zookeepers, and the animals they were transporting in the hold sink with the rest of the ship, except", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6151184", "chunk_text": "\"Tiger Eyes\"\na therapist named Miriam and convinces Davey to see her as well. Meanwhile, Davey explores the town on her aunt's bicycle. One day, she goes to a canyon and climbs down. There, she runs into an older boy who calls himself Wolf. Davey calls herself Tiger when they introduce each other. She also becomes a candy striper at the hospital with her new friend, Jane, and meets a cancer patient who turns out to be Wolf's father. The inspiration from Wolf and his father changes Davey for the better. Sadly, he eventually dies from cancer, and Wolf leaves. Another story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784581", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nAngeles, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kuala Lumpur, Vancouver and Kaohsiung. The R&H VFX (Visual Effects) Supervisor Bill Westenhofer said that discussions of the project began with Ang Lee in August 2009. Westenhofer noted that Lee \"\"knew we had done the lion in the first . He asked, 'Does a digital character look more or less real in 3D?' We looked at each other and thought that was a pretty good question.\"\" He also stated that during these meetings, Lee said, \"\"'I look forward to making art with you.' This was really for me one of the most rewarding things I've worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5891924", "chunk_text": "\"Blue Tigers\"\nBlue Tigers \"\"Blue Tigers\"\" () is a short story by Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges. It was first published in the book \"\"Rosa y Azul\"\", in 1977. In 1983, it was collected in the book \"\"Shakespeare's Memory\"\". The narrator of the story, Alexander Craigie, is a professor of logic who teaches at the University of Lahore in India, although he himself is of Scottish descent. He states that, since childhood, he has been fascinated by tigers, and when he hears of reports that a brilliantly colored blue tiger has been seen in the Ganges delta, he sets out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6173942", "chunk_text": "\"Dragon Tiger Gate\"\nDragon Kick and Invulnerable Golden Bell Technique to fight Shibumi. Tiger and Turbo storm Shibumi's Black Pagoda to stop his reign of terror once and for all. Although their martial arts abilities have greatly improved since the last time they fought, they are still no match for Shibumi. At the critical moment, Dragon appears and fights Shibumi, eventually killing him with his Eighteen Subduing Dragon Palms technique. Before the film ends, Dragon returns to Dragon Tiger Gate together with Tiger and Turbo (who decides to change his name to Leopard) to carry on Master Wong's legacy. In a Hong Kong", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8033199", "chunk_text": "\"Shark Bait\"\nmost of his life. As he tries to settle himself in this new world, the sweet and well-meaning Pi makes some good friends in his new home, the first residents Pi comes across are three elderly marlins named Moe, Jack, and Manny, which direct him towards Pearl's home. On his way there, Pi immediately falls in love with Cordelia (Evan Rachel Wood), a celebrity fish that has appeared on the front cover of \"\"National Geographic\"\". He also meets his cousin Dylan (Andy Dick), that quickly becomes Pi's best friend. However, Pi soon encounters Troy (Donal Logue), the meanest, toughest tiger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5000650", "chunk_text": "\"In the Forests of the Night\"\nhurt her. Eventually Aubrey learns of Tora's existence and in an attempt to get Risika to lay low, he kills the tiger. Wounded once more, Risika takes on the tiger's stripes in her hair and finds a note with the name \"\"Rachel\"\" written on it and covered with tears. Enraged and thinking the note a joke, she calls out to whoever left the note but no one answers. She then takes off, transforming into a hawk, to confront Aubrey, and a fight breaks out between the two and Risika realizes she can defeat him and transforms herself into a Bengal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2784597", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi (film)\"\nthemes of the tale. Nick Schager of \"\"The Village Voice\"\" also panned the film stating \"\"A stacked-deck theological inquiry filtered through a \"\"Titanic\"\"-by-way-of–\"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" narrative, Life of Pi manages occasional spiritual wonder through its 3-D visuals but otherwise sinks like a stone.\"\" Peter Bradshaw of \"\"The Guardian\"\" gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, and states \"\"despite some lovely images and those eyepopping effects, it is a shallow and self-important shaggy-dog story – or shaggy-tiger story ... It deserves every technical prize going.\"\" Richard Corliss of \"\"Time\"\" selected the film as the third-best movie of 2012, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_187	when did god save the queen became the national anthem?	n/a	[ "in the 1780s and 1790s", "After the Battle of Culloden" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720924", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nGod Save the Queen \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" (alternatively \"\"God Save the King\"\", depending on the sex of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117207", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nunofficially. God Save the Queen \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" (alternatively \"\"God Save the King\"\", depending on the sex of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839527", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nthe King/Queen\"\" was exported around the world via the expansion of the British Empire, serving as each country's national anthem. Throughout the Empire's evolution into the Commonwealth of Nations, the song declined in use in most states which became independent. In New Zealand, it remains one of the official national anthems. In Australia, the song has standing through a Royal Proclamation issued by Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen on 19 April 1984. It declared \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" to be the Royal Anthem and that it is to be played when the Australian monarch or a member of the Royal Family", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839533", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nstipulated that the arrangement in G major by Lieutenant Colonel Basil H. Brown be used in Canada. The authorised version to be played by pipe bands is \"\"Mallorca\"\". The first verse of \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" has been translated into French, as shown below: There is a special Canadian verse in English which was once commonly sung in addition to the two standing verses: \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" was the sole official national anthem until 1977 when \"\"God Defend New Zealand\"\" was added as a second. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is now most often only played when the sovereign, governor-general", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720971", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nthe Republic of Zimbabwe in April 1980, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" has had no official status there. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" was a co-national anthem of South Africa from 1938 until 1957, when it was formally replaced by \"\"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\"\" as the sole national anthem. The latter served as a sort of \"\"de facto\"\" co-national anthem alongside the former until 1938. As South Africa was a Commonwealth realm at the time, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" continued to remain the royal anthem of the country until it became a fully independent state in 1961. \"\"God Save the King\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117158", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nof these verses are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal (which only includes verses one and three of the original lyrics). William Hickson's alternative (1836) version includes the following verses, of which the first, third, and fourth have some currency as they are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal. The fourth verse was sung after the traditional first verse at the Queen's Golden Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving in 2002 and during the raising of the Union Flag during the closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics. A less militaristic version of the song,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18495615", "chunk_text": "\"The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten)\"\nThe National Anthem (Benjamin Britten) The National Anthem is a 1962 choral and orchestral arrangement of \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" by Benjamin Britten. The arrangement was written for the Leeds Festival. It has been described as an \"\"extraordinary progression from pianissimo prayer to pealing, overlapping choral fortissimo\"\". The piece was performed by Britten and the English Chamber Orchestra, along with the overture \"\"The Building of the House\"\", at the openings of two English concert halls in 1967. The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a purpose-built music venue on the South Bank in London which opened in March 1967. Britten prepared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870290", "chunk_text": "\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\n1889, and by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at ), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover. Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of U.S. officialdom. \"\"Hail, Columbia\"\" served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th century. \"\"My Country, 'Tis of Thee\"\", whose melody is identical to \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", the United Kingdom's national anthem, also served as a \"\"de facto\"\" national anthem. Following the War of 1812 and subsequent U.S. wars, other songs emerged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117156", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nthen is another \"\"crescendo\"\" at \"\"over us:\"\" into the final words \"\"God save the Queen\"\". In the early part of the 20th century there existed a Military Band version in the higher key of B, because it was easier for brass instruments to play in that key, though it had the disadvantage of being more difficult to sing: however now most Bands play it in the correct key of G. Since 1953, the anthem is sometimes preceded by a fanfare composed by Gordon Jacob for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. There have been several attempts to improve the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720966", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\n1967, the committee presented its conclusion that \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", whose music and lyrics were found to be in the public domain, should be designated as the Royal Anthem of Canada and \"\"O Canada\"\" as the national anthem, one verse from each, in both official languages, to be adopted by parliament. The group was then charged with establishing official lyrics for each song; for \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", the English words were those inherited from the United Kingdom and the French words were taken from those that had been adopted in 1952 for the coronation of Elizabeth II. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227615", "chunk_text": "\"National anthem\"\nbecome the official Dutch national anthem until 1932. The Japanese national anthem, \"\"Kimigayo\"\", has the oldest lyrics, which were taken from a Heian period (794–1185) poem, yet it was not set to music until 1880. The Philippine national anthem \"\"Lupang Hinirang\"\" was composed in 1898 as wordless incidental music for the ceremony declaring independence from the Spanish Empire. The Spanish poem \"\"Filipinas\"\" was written the following year to serve as the anthem's lyrics; the current Tagalog version dates to 1962. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", the national anthem of the United Kingdom and the royal anthem reserved for use in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720970", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nof the Rhodesian people to the monarch, but the retention in Rhodesia of a song so associated with the UK while the two countries were at loggerheads regarding its constitutional status caused Rhodesian state occasions to have \"\"a faintly ironic tone\"\", in the words of \"\"The Times\"\". Nevertheless, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" remained Rhodesia's national anthem until March 1970, when the country formally declared itself a republic. \"\"Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia\"\" was adopted in its stead in 1974 and remained in use until the country returned to the UK's control in December 1979. Since the internationally recognised independence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4084073", "chunk_text": "\"God Defend New Zealand\"\nchange the national anthem was voted down by the Labour Party at their national conference. In 1976 Garth Henry Latta from Dunedin presented a petition to Parliament asking \"\"God Defend New Zealand\"\" to be made the national anthem. With the permission of Queen Elizabeth II, it was gazetted as the country's second national anthem on 21 November 1977, on equal standing with \"\"God Save the Queen\"\". An alternative official arrangement for massed singing by Maxwell Fernie was announced by the Minister of Internal Affairs, Allan Highet on 31 May 1979. Woods' original score was written in the key of A-flat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117144", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nHappy and glorious Long to reign over us God save the king!</poem> \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is the national anthem of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Like many aspects of British constitutional life, its official status derives from custom and use, not from Royal Proclamation or Act of Parliament. In general, only one or two verses are sung, but on rare occasions, three. The variation in the UK of the lyrics to \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is the oldest amongst those currently used, and forms the basis on which all other versions used throughout the Commonwealth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720936", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nat international football, rugby union and other sports in which those nations compete independently. On all occasions Wales' national anthem is \"\"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\"\" (Land of my Fathers). Scotland has no single anthem; \"\"Scotland the Brave\"\" was traditionally used until the 1990s, when \"\"Flower of Scotland\"\" was adopted. In Northern Ireland, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is still used as the official anthem. The phrase \"\"No surrender\"\" is occasionally sung in the bridge before \"\"Send her victorious\"\" by England football fans at matches. The phrase \"\"no surrender\"\" is also associated with Combat 18, a white supremacist group. The phrase is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839489", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nown additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem – played specifically in the presence of the monarch – of all the aforementioned countries, as well as Australia (since 1984), Canada (since 1980), Barbados and Tuvalu. In countries not previously part of the British Empire, the tune of \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, though still generally connected with royal ceremony. The melody continues to be used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein, \"\"Oben am jungen Rhein\"\", and the royal anthem of Norway, \"\"Kongesangen\"\". In the United States, the melody is used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839534", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nor other member of the Royal Family is present, or on some occasions such as Anzac Day. The Maori version was written by Edward Marsh Williams under the title, E te atua tohingia te kuini When Rhodesia issued its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the UK on 11 November 1965, it did so while still maintaining loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II as the Rhodesian head of state, despite the non-recognition of the Rhodesian government by the United Kingdom and the United Nations; \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" therefore remained the Rhodesian national anthem. This was supposed to demonstrate the continued allegiance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839528", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nis present, though not exclusively in such circumstances. The same proclamation made \"\"Advance Australia Fair\"\" the national anthem and the basis for the \"\"Vice-Regal Salute\"\" (the first four and last two bars of the anthem). Prior to 1984, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" was the national anthem of Australia. In 1975 former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, alluded to the anthem in his comment \"\"Well may we say 'God save the Queen', because nothing will save the Governor-General!\"\". By convention, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" (, \"\"Dieu Sauve le Roi\"\" when a King) is the Royal Anthem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1446992", "chunk_text": "\"National anthems of New Zealand\"\nZealand's 'national hymn' in time for that year's centennial celebrations. It was used at the British Empire Games from 1950 onward, and at the Olympics from 1972. Following the performance at the Summer Olympics in Munich, a campaign began to have the song adopted as the national anthem. In 1976 a petition was presented to Parliament asking \"\"God Defend New Zealand\"\" to be made the national anthem. With the permission of Queen Elizabeth II, it was gazetted as the country's second national anthem on 21 November 1977, on equal standing with \"\"God Save the Queen\"\". Until the 1990s only the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720935", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nare formed; though, again, the words have varied throughout these years. England has no official national anthem of its own; \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is treated as the English national anthem when England is represented at sporting events (though there are some exceptions to this rule, such as cricket where \"\"Jerusalem\"\" is used). There is a movement to establish an English national anthem, with Blake and Parry's \"\"Jerusalem\"\" and Elgar's \"\"Land of Hope and Glory\"\" among the top contenders. Scotland has its own national song and Wales has its own national anthem for political and national events and for use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117153", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nWritten\"\" (1861), \"\"Household Book of Poetry\"\" (1882), and \"\"Hymns Ancient and Modern, Revised Version\"\" (1982). The same version with verse two omitted appears in publications including \"\"Scouting for Boys\"\" (1908), and on the British Monarchy website. At the Queen's Golden Jubilee Party at the Palace concert, Prince Charles referred in his speech to the \"\"politically incorrect second verse\"\" of the National Anthem. According to Alan Michie's \"\"Rule, Britannia\"\", which was published in 1952, after the death of King George VI but before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, when the first General Assembly of the United Nations was held in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4084072", "chunk_text": "\"God Defend New Zealand\"\nearly 20th century, and in 1940 the New Zealand government bought the copyright and made it New Zealand's 'national hymn' in time for that year's centennial celebrations. It was used at the British Empire Games from 1950 onward, and first used at the Olympics during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Following the performance at the Munich games, a campaign began to have the song adopted as the national anthem. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" was New Zealand's sole national anthem until the 1970s. In May 1973 a remit to change the New Zealand flag, declare a New Zealand republic and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117154", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nLondon in January 1946 the King, in honour of the occasion, \"\"ordered the belligerent imperious second stanza of 'God Save the King' to be rewritten to bring it more into the spirit of the brotherhood of nations.\"\" In the UK, the first verse is the only verse typically sung, even at official occasions, although the third verse is sung in addition on rare occasions such as during the opening ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics, and usually at the Last Night of the Proms. At the Closing Ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the fourth verse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117202", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nRoyal Canadian Kilted Yaksmen' episode of \"\"Ren & Stimpy\"\" (the song is the Royal Canadian Kilted Yaksmen anthem.) The anthem was the first piece of music played on a computer, and the first computer music to be recorded. Musical notes were first generated by a computer programmed by Alan Turing at the Computing Machine Laboratory of the University of Manchester in 1948. The first music proper, a performance of the National Anthem was programmed by Christopher Strachey on the Mark II Manchester Electronic Computer at same venue, in 1951. Later that year, short extracts of three pieces, the first being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839530", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nfacto\"\" national anthems, the first and last verses of the standard British version being used. By-laws and practices governing the use of either song during public events in municipalities varied; in Toronto, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" was employed, while in Montreal it was \"\"O Canada\"\". Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson in 1964 said one song would have to be chosen as the country's national anthem and, three years later, he advised Governor General Georges Vanier to appoint the Special Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons on the National and Royal Anthems. Within two months, on 12 April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4084069", "chunk_text": "\"God Defend New Zealand\"\nGod Defend New Zealand \"\"God Defend New Zealand\"\" () is one of two national anthems of New Zealand, the other being \"\"God Save the Queen\"\". Legally the two have equal status, but \"\"God Defend New Zealand\"\" is more commonly used. Originally written as a poem, it was set to music as part of a competition in 1876. Over the years its popularity increased, and it was eventually named the second national anthem in 1977. It has English and Māori lyrics, with slightly different meanings. Since the late 1990s, the usual practice when performed in public is to perform the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721086", "chunk_text": "\"National anthem\"\npresence of the Monarch in some Commonwealth realms, was first performed in 1619 under the title \"\"God Save the King\"\". It is not officially the national anthem of the UK, though it became such through custom and usage. Spain's national anthem, the \"\"Marcha Real\"\" (The Royal March), written in 1761, was among the first to be adopted as such, in 1770. Denmark adopted the older of its two national anthems, \"\"Kong Christian stod ved højen mast\"\", in 1780; and \"\"La Marseillaise\"\", the French national anthem, was written in 1792 and adopted in 1795. Serbia became the first Eastern European nation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13969108", "chunk_text": "\"My Country, 'Tis of Thee\"\nMy Country, 'Tis of Thee \"\"My Country, 'Tis of Thee\"\", also known as \"\"America\"\", is an American patriotic song, whose lyrics were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", arranged by Thomas Arne. The song served as one of the \"\"de facto\"\" national anthems of the United States (along with songs like \"\"Hail, Columbia\"\") before the adoption of \"\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\" as the official U.S. national anthem in 1931. Samuel Francis Smith wrote the lyrics to \"\"My Country 'Tis of Thee\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472127", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen (Sex Pistols song)\"\na general expression of the band's view of the Monarchy or any individual or establishment commanding general obligation. The song reached No.1 on the \"\"NME\"\" charts in the United Kingdom, and made it to No. 2 on the official UK Singles Chart as used by the BBC. This led to accusations by some that the charts had been \"\"fixed\"\" to prevent the song from reaching No.1. The single was released on 27 May 1977, and was regarded by many of the general public as an assault on Queen Elizabeth II and the monarchy. The title is taken directly from \"\"God", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5104435", "chunk_text": "\"Land of Hope and Glory\"\nnational anthem of the United Kingdom, often being used in sporting events in which England competes separately from the other Home Nations. However, there are calls for this to be changed, and a 2006 survey conducted by the BBC suggested that 55% of the English public would rather have \"\"Land of Hope and Glory\"\" than \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" as their national anthem. \"\"Land of Hope and Glory\"\" was the England team's victory anthem at the Commonwealth Games until 2010, when the public rejected it in a poll in favour of \"\"Jerusalem\"\". The Proms began in 1895: in 1901 Elgar's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10650785", "chunk_text": "\"Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada\"\nSave the Queen\"\" during the reign of Queen Victoria) was played in honour of the British monarch. It has remained in use through Canada's progression to independence, becoming eventually one of the country's two de facto national anthems. After \"\"O Canada\"\" was in 1980 proclaimed the national anthem, \"\"God Save The Queen\"\" has been performed as the royal anthem, in the presence of the Canadian monarch, other members of the Royal Family, and as part of the salute accorded to the Governor General of Canada and provincial lieutenant governors, as well as on other occasions. \"\"The Maple Leaf Forever\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6279814", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Stanley Weir\"\nnot be in the public domain until 1976. Evidence was found that the copyright had actually descended to Gordon V. Thompson, a music publisher, who agreed to sell it to the government in 1970 for the nominal sum of $1. The committee, however, still hoped to settle the matter amicably with Weir's family, if at all possible. Finally, on July 1, 1980, 100 years after Routhier and Lavallée penned the hymn, the National Anthem Act officially proclaimed the French and modified English versions as the National Anthem of Canada. Today, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is Canada's royal anthem, while \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20906509", "chunk_text": "\"The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten)\"\nthe EP were: The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten) The National Anthem is a 1962 choral and orchestral arrangement of \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" by Benjamin Britten. The arrangement was written for the Leeds Festival. It has been described as an \"\"extraordinary progression from pianissimo prayer to pealing, overlapping choral fortissimo\"\". The piece was performed by Britten and the English Chamber Orchestra, along with the overture \"\"The Building of the House\"\", at the openings of two English concert halls in 1967. The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a purpose-built music venue on the South Bank in London which opened in March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1715428", "chunk_text": "\"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\"\ntime was \"\"God Bless the Prince of Wales\"\". \"\"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\"\" slowly established itself as the more popular anthem over the next four decades, and was sung along with \"\"God Bless the Prince of Wales\"\" and \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" before sporting events until 1975, when sports officials decided that \"\"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau\"\" should be sung alone. Like other British anthems, it has not been established as a national anthem by law, but it has been used as a national anthem at official governmental ceremonies, including the opening of the Welsh Assembly, and at receptions of the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11117169", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\n4 and Radio 2 also play the National Anthem just before the 0700 and 0800 news bulletins on the actual and official birthdays of the Queen and the birthdays of senior members of the Royal Family. The UK's national anthem usually prefaces The Queen's Christmas Message (although in 2007 it appeared at the end, taken from a recording of the 1957 television broadcast), and important royal announcements, such as of royal deaths, when it is played in a slower, sombre arrangement. Frequently, when an anthem is needed for one of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom at an international", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720972", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\none of the first songs to successfully be used as a national anthem; only the Dutch \"\"Het Wilhelmus\"\" (~1568) is older. (The Spanish \"\"La Marcha Real\"\" is older as well, but took longer to become popular. Japan's anthem \"\"Kimigayo\"\" has lyrics which are older still, but a more recent melody). Its success prompted a number of other countries to pen similar anthems to help construct a concrete national identity - many of which used the same tune: The melody is also used as a hymn tune by Christian churches in various countries, including by the United Methodist Church and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8217140", "chunk_text": "Anthem\nown national anthem and these songs may be officially recognized. Fourteen of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union had their own official song which was used at events connected to that republic, and also written and sung in that republic's own language. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic used the Soviet state's national anthem until 1990. Some republics retained the melodies of those songs after the dissolution of the Soviet regime (see the article National anthems of the Soviet Union and Union Republics). The United Kingdom's national anthem is \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" but its constituent countries and Crown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839532", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nthe bill pronouncing \"\"O Canada\"\" as the national anthem was put through parliament, the joint committee's earlier recommendations regarding \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" were not included. The Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces regulates that \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" be played as a salute to the monarch and other members of the Canadian Royal Family, though it may also be used as a hymn, or prayer. The words are not to be sung when the song is played as a military royal salute and is abbreviated to the first three lines while arms are being presented. Elizabeth II", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7330296", "chunk_text": "\"Advance Australia Fair\"\nAdvance Australia Fair \"\"Advance Australia Fair\"\" is the national anthem of Australia. Created by the Scottish-born composer Peter Dodds McCormick, the song was first performed in 1878 and sung in Australia as a patriotic song. It replaced \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" as the official national anthem in 1984, following a plebiscite to choose the national song in 1977. Other songs and marches have been influenced by \"\"Advance Australia Fair\"\", such as the Australian vice-regal salute. \"\"Advance Australia Fair\"\" was composed in the late 19th century by Peter Dodds McCormick under the pen-name \"\"Amicus\"\" (which means \"\"friend\"\" in Latin). It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10650784", "chunk_text": "\"Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada\"\nof Parliament making it so received Royal Assent and became effective on July 1 as part of that year's Dominion Day celebrations. The national anthem is routinely played before sporting events involving Canadian teams. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" is the royal anthem of Canada. There are various claims of authorship and several previous songs of similar style, but the first published version of what is almost the present tune appeared in 1744 in \"\"Thesaurus Musicus\"\". The song has been used in Canada since the era when it was a collection of British colonies and \"\"God Save the King\"\" (or \"\"God", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3472128", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen (Sex Pistols song)\"\nSave the Queen\"\", the national anthem of the United Kingdom. At the time it was highly controversial, firstly for its equation of the Queen with a \"\"fascist regime\"\", and secondly for the lyric \"\"there is no future in England's dreaming\"\". According to Glen Matlock, who had co-written the song—although he was no longer a member of the band by the time it was released—the bass was inspired by The Move's \"\"Fire Brigade\"\". Although many believe it was created because of the Silver Jubilee, the band have denied it, with Paul Cook saying that \"\"it wasn't written specifically for the Queen's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839529", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nof Canada. It is sometimes played or sung together with the national anthem, \"\"O Canada\"\", at private and public events organised by groups such as the Government of Canada, the Royal Canadian Legion, police services, and loyal groups. The governor general and provincial lieutenant governors are accorded the \"\"Viceregal Salute\"\", comprising the first three lines of \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", followed by the first and last lines of \"\"O Canada\"\". \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" has been sung in Canada since the late 1700s and by the mid 20th century was, along with \"\"O Canada\"\", one of the country's two \"\"de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839523", "chunk_text": "\"God Save the Queen\"\nof commercial television to the UK this practice was adopted by some ITV companies (with the notable exception of Granada). BBC Two never played the anthem at closedown, and ITV dropped the practice in the late 1980s, but it continued on BBC One until the final closedown on 8 November 1997 (thereafter BBC One began to simulcast with BBC News after end of programmes). The tradition is carried on, however, by BBC Radio 4, which plays the anthem each night as a transition piece between the end of the Radio 4 broadcasting and the move to BBC World Service. Radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14548236", "chunk_text": "\"Advance Australia Fair\"\nas a plebiscite to choose the National Song, held as an optional additional question in the 1977 referendum on various issues. \"\"Advance Australia Fair\"\" received 43.29% of the vote, defeating the three alternatives, \"\"Waltzing Matilda\"\" (28.28%), \"\"Song of Australia\"\" (9.65%) and the existing national anthem, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" (18.78%). \"\"Advance Australia Fair\"\", with modified lyrics from the original (see development of lyrics), was adopted as the Australian national anthem on 19 April 1984 by a proclamation by the Governor-General, Sir Ninian Stephen, on a recommendation by the Labor government of Bob Hawke. \"\"God Save the Queen\"\", now known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1446991", "chunk_text": "\"National anthems of New Zealand\"\n\"\"God Save the Queen\"\", but unlike New Zealand it does not have co-official status as a national anthem in those countries; it is regarded solely as a royal anthem. However, its use in those countries are similar to that of New Zealand as New Zealand nowadays uses \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" almost exclusively on occasions associated with the monarchy. \"\"God Defend New Zealand\"\" was written by Thomas Bracken in the 1870s, and a Māori translation of the original English was produced in 1878 by Thomas Henry Smith. In 1940 the New Zealand Government bought the copyright and made it New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604541", "chunk_text": "England\narms of Normandy. England does not have an official designated national anthem, as the United Kingdom as a whole has \"\"God Save the Queen\"\". However, the following are often considered unofficial English national anthems: \"\"Jerusalem\"\", \"\"Land of Hope and Glory\"\" (used for England during the 2002 Commonwealth Games), and \"\"I Vow to Thee, My Country\"\". England's National Day is 23 April which is St George's Day: St George is the patron saint of England. England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12739912", "chunk_text": "\"Gibraltar Anthem\"\nGibraltar Anthem The Gibraltar Anthem is the national song of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. In common with the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and other British territories, the official national anthem of Gibraltar is God Save the Queen. The Gibraltar anthem is the national song, and was chosen in a competition in 1994. Both the lyrics and music were composed by Peter Emberley, who is not a Gibraltarian. The anthem is sung every 10 September by the general public at the annual release of 30,000 red and white balloons on Gibraltar National Day. <poem>Gibraltar, Gibraltar, The Rock on which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15274095", "chunk_text": "\"O Canada\"\nconclusion that \"\"O Canada\"\" should be designated as the national anthem and \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" as the royal anthem of Canada, one verse from each, in both official languages, to be adopted by parliament. The group was then charged with establishing official lyrics for each song. For \"\"O Canada\"\", the Robert Stanley Weir version of 1908 was recommended for the English words, with a few minor changes: two of the \"\"stand on guard\"\" phrases were replaced with \"\"from far and wide\"\" and \"\"God keep our land\"\". In 1970 the Queen in Right of Canada purchased the right to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7190023", "chunk_text": "\"Mungu ibariki Afrika\"\nwho created the early versions used by the African National Congress. Although the tune has been assigned to Sontonga it is thought that the tune was originally written by Joseph Parry. It was first performed in Swahili at a ceremony on 8 December 1961 following the independence of Tanganyika from the British Empire. \"\"Mungu ibariki Afrika\"\" was composed to replace the British national anthem, \"\"God Save the Queen\"\" as the national anthem of Tanganyika. This made Tanganyika the first African nation to adopt the tune of \"\"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika\"\" as its national anthem. In 1964, Tanganyika formed a union with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2639565", "chunk_text": "\"National anthem of South Africa\"\nwas the co–national anthem with 'God Save The King'/'God Save The Queen' between 1938 and 1957, when it became the sole national anthem until 1994. \"\"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\"\" () was composed of 8 stanzas (The original 4 in Afrikaans and 4 in English - a translation of the Afrikaans with a few modifications). It was seldom sung in its entirety; usually the first stanza was the most widely known and sung sometimes followed by the last stanza. When apartheid came to an end in the early 1990s, the future of \"\"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\"\" was called into question. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_188	when did the 5 day work week begin?	n/a	[ "1908", "In 1908", "1940" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313442", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nand Queries\"\" in 1879. In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand and receive a five-day workweek. The rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313444", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nstudy by the ILO found that at least 614.2 million people around the world were working excessive hours. Actual workweek lengths have been falling in the developed world. Every reduction of the length of the workweek has been accompanied by an increase in real per-capita income. In the United States, the workweek length reduced slowly from before the Civil War to the turn of the 20th century. A rapid reduction took place from 1900 to 1920, especially between 1913 and 1919, when weekly hours fell by about eight percent. In 1926, Henry Ford standardized on a five-day workweek, instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612939", "chunk_text": "Week\none of the five days as their day off, even if their spouse or friends might be assigned a different day off. Peak usage of the five-day work week occurred on at 72% of industrial workers. From summer 1931 until , each Gregorian month was subdivided into five six-day work weeks, more-or-less, beginning with the first day of each month. The sixth day of each six-day work week was a uniform day of rest. On 74.2% of industrial workers were on non-continuous schedules, mostly six-day work weeks, while 25.8% were still on continuous schedules, mostly five-day work weeks. The Gregorian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313445", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nthe prevalent six days, without reducing employees' pay. Hours worked stabilized at about 49 per week during the 1920s, and during the Great Depression fell below 40. During the Depression, President Herbert Hoover called for a reduction in work hours in lieu of layoffs. Later, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which established a five-day, 40-hour workweek for many workers. The proportion of people working very long weeks has since risen, and the full-time employment of women has increased dramatically. The New Economics Foundation has recommended moving to a 21-hour standard workweek to address problems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612938", "chunk_text": "Week\nweek while defining a year of 13 months with 28 days each. It was the official calendar of the Eastman Kodak Company for decades. In the Soviet Union between 1929 and 1940, most factory and enterprise workers, but not collective farm workers, used five- and six-day work weeks while the entire country continued to use the traditional seven-day week. From 1929 to 1951, five national holidays were days of rest (, , ). From autumn 1929 to summer 1931, the remaining 360 days of the year were subdivided into 72 five-day work weeks beginning on . Workers were assigned any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313438", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nThursday–Friday to Friday–Saturday, or to Saturday–Sunday. Historically, the Christian Sabbath was just one day each week, but the preceding day (the Jewish Sabbath) came to be taken as a holiday as well in the twentieth century. This shift has been accompanied by a reduction in the total number of hours worked per week, following changes in employer expectations. The present-day concept of the \"\"weekend\"\" first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early part of the nineteenth century. The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first to successfully demand a five-day work week in 1929. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1869482", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\nthat a worker should work for 7 hours a day for 6 days a week or 8 hours a day for 7 days a week, excluding rest periods. The 8-hour work day was introduced in Belgium on September 9, 1924. The 8-hour work day was first introduced in 1907. Within the next few decades, the 8-hour system spread gradually across technically all branches of work. A worker receives 150% payment from the first two extra hours, and 200% salary if the work day exceeds 10 hours. The eight-hour day was enacted in France by Georges Clemenceau, as a way to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14923985", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Ford\"\nwith Saturday being a workday and sometime later it was changed to a day off.) On May 1, 1926, the Ford Motor Company's factory workers switched to a five-day 40-hour workweek, with the company's office workers making the transition the following August. Ford had made the decision to boost productivity, as workers were expected to put more effort into their work in exchange for more leisure time, and because he believed decent leisure time was good for business, since workers would actually have more time to purchase and consume more goods. However, altruistic concerns also played a role, with Ford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14233321", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\nEight-hour day The eight-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement, also known as the short-time movement, was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses. It had its origins in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. The use of child labour was common. The working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, and the work week was typically six days a week. Robert Owen had raised the demand for a ten-hour day in 1810, and instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313489", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nfull day). However, government offices and some private companies have modernised through enacting the American and European standard of working Monday through Friday. Currently, 50% of the luxury beach resorts in Phuket have a five-day working week. Of the remaining 50%, 23% have taken steps to reform their 6-day workweek through such measures as reducing the working week from 6 days to 5.5 days. The standard working week in the United States begins on Monday and ends on Friday, 40 hours per week, with Saturday and Sunday being weekend days. However, in practice, only 42% of employees work 40-hour weeks.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313487", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nworking week was 41 hours: 8 hours, 12 min. Monday to Friday. Before the mid-1960s there was a 42-hour 6-day standard working week: 7 hours Monday to Friday and 6 hours on Saturday. In Singapore the common working week is 5-day work week, which runs from Monday to Friday beginning 8:30 a.m. and end at 5 p.m. – 6 p.m. Some companies work a half day on Saturdays. Shops, supermarkets and shopping centres are open seven days a week and on most public holidays. 'Foreign workers', for example domestic helpers and construction workers (typically from the Philippines and India, respectively),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8511834", "chunk_text": "Sabbath\nbeginning at a New England cotton mill and also instituted by Henry Ford in 1926; it became standard in America by about 1940 and spread among English-speaking and European countries to become the international workweek. China adopted it in 1995 and Hong Kong by 2006. India and some other countries follow both the international workweek and a more traditional Saturday half-workday and Sunday weekend. While Indonesia and Lebanon have the international workweek, most Muslim countries count Friday as the weekend, alone or with Thursday (all or half) or Saturday. Some universities permit a three-day weekend from Friday to Sunday. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313440", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nthroughout history, paying no attention whatsoever to the phases of the moon and having a fixed day of rest, was most likely first practiced in Judaism, dated to the 6th century BC at the latest. In Ancient Rome, every eight days there was a nundinae. It was a market day, during which children were exempted from school and plebs ceased from work in the field and came to the city to sell the produce of their labor or to practice religious rites. The French Revolutionary Calendar had ten-day weeks (called \"\"décades\"\") and allowed \"\"décadi\"\", one out of the ten days,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15154865", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nnew work ethic began as Americans left the psychology of scarcity and adopted one of abundance. Some argue that this mentality of consumption or \"\"consumerism\"\" persists to this day. During the twentieth century, the average workweek has changed drastically. In 1900, the average workweek in manufacturing was approximately fifty-three hours. However, the workweek is responsive to business conditions. During the Great Depression, the average number of hours for production workers in manufacturing dropped to 34.6 each week. During World War II, hours worked rose to forty-five each week. The normal range of hours worked during the four decades after World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3062235", "chunk_text": "\"Working time\"\nmillion put in more than 40 hours a week, including 1.4 million who worked more than 50 hours a week and 270,000 who put in more than 70 hours. In 2016, the average man employed full-time worked 8.4 hours per work day, and the average woman employed full-time worked 7.8 hours per work day. There is no mandatory minimum amount of paid time off for sickness or holiday but the majority of full time civilian workers have access to paid vacation time. By 1946 the [[United States]] [[United States federal government\|government]] had inaugurated the 40-hour work week for all federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12620458", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nfive million jobs had been saved. (Whaples) Companies such as Sears, General Motors, and Standard Oil reduced the number of days worked each week, and Akron began a six-hour workday. The AFL began to call for a federally mandated 30-hour workweek. By 1933, some experts were predicting that the \"\"thirty-hour workweek was within a month of becoming federal law.\"\" Congress began hearings on mandating the 30-hour workweek, and the Senate even passed the bill (which was written by Hugo Black and sponsored in the House by William Connery) fifty-three to thirty. Newly elected President, Franklin Roosevelt initially supported the bill,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313450", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\ndays a week. In China, there is a five-day Monday-Friday working week, prior to which work on Saturday was standard. China began the two-day Saturday–Sunday weekend on May 1, 1995. Most government employees work 5 days a week (including officials and industrial management). Most manufacturing facilities operate on Saturdays as well. However, most shops, museums, cinemas and commercial establishments open on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. Banks are also open throughout the weekend and on most public holidays. During the period of public holidays, swapped holidays are common between the actual holiday and weekend, so a three-day or seven-day holiday periods", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3062216", "chunk_text": "\"Working time\"\nby having long hours. Records indicate that work schedules as long as twelve to sixteen hours per day, six to seven days per week were practiced in some industrial sites. Over the 20th century, work hours shortened by almost half, mostly due to rising wages brought about by renewed economic growth, with a supporting role from trade unions, collective bargaining, and progressive legislation. The workweek, in most of the industrialized world, dropped steadily, to about 40 hours after World War II. The limitation of working hours is also proclaimed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3062222", "chunk_text": "\"Working time\"\nset aside as a time of personal work and leisure. Sunday is set aside in the western world because it is the Christian sabbath. The traditional American business hours are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday, representing a workweek of five eight-hour days comprising 40 hours in total. These are the origin of the phrase 9-to-5, used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious job. Negatively used, it connotes a tedious or unremarkable occupation. The phrase also indicates that a person is an employee, usually in a large company, rather than an entrepreneur or self-employed. More neutrally, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19536899", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1945–1964)\"\nfrom 1946 to 1960 also witnessed a significant increase in the paid leisure time of working people. The forty-hour workweek established by the Fair Labor Standards Act in covered industries became the actual schedule in most workplaces by 1960, while uncovered workers such as farmworkers and the self-employed worked fewer hours than they had done previously, although they still worked much longer hours than most other workers. Paid vacations also came to be enjoyed by the vast majority of workers, with 91% of blue-collar workers covered by major collective bargaining agreements receiving paid vacations by 1957 (usually to a maximum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2256610", "chunk_text": "\"35-hour workweek\"\nthe possibilities of overtime hours. In August 2016, the El Khomri law reduced the overtime payments. 35-hour workweek The 35-hour working week is a measure adopted first in France, in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government. It was pushed by Minister of Labour Martine Aubry. The previous legal duration of the working week was 39 hours, which had been established by François Mitterrand, also a member of the Socialist Party. The 35-hour working week was in the Socialist Party's 1981 electoral program, titled 110 Propositions for France. The 35 hours was the legal standard limit, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20982099", "chunk_text": "\"35-hour workweek\"\n35-hour workweek The 35-hour working week is a measure adopted first in France, in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government. It was pushed by Minister of Labour Martine Aubry. The previous legal duration of the working week was 39 hours, which had been established by François Mitterrand, also a member of the Socialist Party. The 35-hour working week was in the Socialist Party's 1981 electoral program, titled 110 Propositions for France. The 35 hours was the legal standard limit, after which further working time was to be considered overtime. The main stated objectives of the law", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15156180", "chunk_text": "\"Four-day week\"\nFour-day week A four-day week is an arrangement where a workplace or school has its employees or students work or attend school over the course of four days rather than the more customary five. This arrangement can be a part of flexible working hours, and is sometimes used to cut costs, as seen in the example of the so-called \"\"4/10 work week,\"\" where employees work a normal 40 hours across four days, i.e. a \"\"four-ten\"\" week. In 2008, employees of the Utah state government all began working ten-hour days from Monday to Thursday. By closing state government offices on Fridays,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8511833", "chunk_text": "Sabbath\nan unspecified weekly day off is a very widespread business production cycle. The Supreme Court of Canada, in \"\"R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd.\"\" (1985) and \"\"R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd.\"\" (1986), found some blue laws invalid for having no legitimate secular purpose, but others valid because they had no religious purpose. The weekend is that period of the week set aside by custom or law for rest from labor. In many countries it is Saturday and Sunday and often includes Friday night. This five-day workweek arose in America when labor unions attempted to accommodate Jewish Sabbath,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8511836", "chunk_text": "Sabbath\ndays needed to approximate the tropical year were placed after the months at the end of each year. The tenth day of each week, \"\"décadi\"\", replaced Sunday as the day of rest and festivity in France. From 1929 to 1931, the Soviet Union mandated a five-day week, with each day designated by color as a state rest day for a different 20% of the workforce; families usually did not share rest days. Three weeks a year were six or seven days, because interrupted by holidays. From 1931 to 1940, the Soviets mandated a six-day week, with state rest days for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15154863", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nclose, but they had one more hurdle to overcome. The new concentration was on the ability to work half a day on Saturdays or have the day off completely. The ability to have two days of rest was unprecedented but was considered vital to finalize an ethical work schedule. Pressure was put on businesses to make the change, especially in industries and cities with a large number of Jewish workers (Jewish Sabbath is on Saturday), and they finally achieved this goal by the end of the decade. Where only thirty-two firms had a five-day workweek in 1920, nearly half had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1094943", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\nfive-day working week nationally beginning on 1 January 1948. The achievement of the eight-hour day has been described by historian Rowan Cahill as \"\"one of the great successes of the Australian working class during the nineteenth century, demonstrating to Australian workers that it was possible to successfully organise, mobilise, agitate, and exercise significant control over working conditions and quality of life. The Australian trade union movement grew out of eight-hour campaigning and the movement that developed to promote the principle.\"\" The intertwined numbers 888 soon adorned the pediment of many union buildings around Australia. The Eight Hour March, which began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313441", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nas a leisure day. In cultures with a four-day week, the three Sabbaths derive from the culture's main religious tradition: Friday (Muslim), Saturday (Jewish), and Sunday (Christian). The present-day concept of the relatively longer 'week-end' first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early part of the nineteenth century and was originally a voluntary arrangement between factory owners and workers allowing Saturday afternoon off from 2pm in agreement that staff would be available for work sober and refreshed on Monday morning. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term \"\"weekend\"\" to the British magazine \"\"Notes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14233344", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\n1899, while under US administration, General George W. Davis acceded to Island demands and decreed freedom of assembly, speech, press, religion and an eight-hour day for government employees. The Australian gold rushes attracted many skilled tradesmen to Australia. Some of them had been active in the chartism movement, and subsequently became prominent in the campaign for better working conditions in the Australian colonies. The eight-hour day began in 1856 in the month of May. The Stonemasons' Society in Sydney issued an ultimatum to employers on 18 August 1855 saying that after six months masons would work only an eight-hour day.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11917764", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Ford\"\nought to be rendered for decency's sake. But the broad workable plan of investment and participation will do more to solidify industry and strengthen organization than will any social work on the outside. Without changing the principle we have changed the method of payment.\"\" In addition to raising the wages of his workers, Ford also introduced a new, reduced workweek in 1926. The decision was made in 1922, when Ford and Crowther described it as six 8-hour days, giving a 48-hour week, but in 1926 it was announced as five 8-hour days, giving a 40-hour week. (Apparently the program started", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313484", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nbanks, remain open seven days a week. In the Philippines, Article 91 of the Labor Code requires one rest day for workers in a week; the choice of selecting the rest day is left to the employer, subject to collective bargaining. Most workers avail of Sunday as their mandated rest day. However, government offices, banks, and many non-service industry establishments maintain a five-day (Monday to Friday) work week. In Russia the common working week begins on Monday and ends on Friday with 8 hours per day. Federal law defines a working week duration of 5 or 6 days with no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15986573", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\ncompanies, although seeing the increase in Ford's productivity, and a significant increase in profit margin (from $30 million to $60 million in two years), most soon followed suit. In the summer of 1915, amid increased labour demand for World War I, a series of strikes demanding the eight-hour day began in Bridgeport, Connecticut. They were so successful that they spread throughout the Northeast. The United States Adamson Act in 1916 established an eight-hour day, with additional pay for overtime, for railroad workers. This was the first federal law that regulated the hours of workers in private companies. The United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16154049", "chunk_text": "\"Soviet calendar\"\nsix-day work weeks were used to schedule work, but the Gregorian calendar and its seven-day week were used for all other purposes. During the summer of 1929, five-day continuous work weeks were implemented in factories, government offices, and commercial enterprises, but not collective farms. One of the five days was randomly assigned to a worker as their day of rest without regard to the rest days assigned to members of their family or friends. These five-day work weeks continued throughout the Gregorian year, interrupted only by the five national holidays. During the summer of 1931, six-day interrupted work weeks were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17446791", "chunk_text": "\"United States labor law\"\nwhich do not receive overtime pay. Shorter working time was one of the labor movement's original demands. From the first decades of the 20th century, collective bargaining produced the practice of having, and the word for, a two-day \"\"weekend\"\". State legislation to limit working time was, however, suppressed by the US Supreme Court in \"\"Lochner v New York\"\". The New York State Legislature had passed the Bakeshop Act of 1895, which limited work in bakeries to 10 hours a day or 60 hours a week, to improve health, safety and people's living conditions. After being prosecuted for making his staff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18376206", "chunk_text": "\"History of labour law\"\nwas 102, and two years later became io hours in the 24. Notice of the hours must be affixed, and meal-times or pauses with absolute cessation of work of at least one hour must be specified. By the act of 1892 one day in the week, not necessarily Sunday, had to be given for entire absence from work, in addition to eight recognized annual holidays, but this was modified by a law of 1906 which generally requires Sunday rest, but allows substitution of another day in certain industries and certain circumstances. Night labour - work between 9 P.M. and 5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15986574", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\nSupreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Act in \"\"Wilson v. New\"\", . The eight-hour day might have been realised for many working people in the US in 1937, when what became the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S. Code Chapter 8) was first proposed under the New Deal. As enacted, the act applied to industries whose combined employment represented about twenty percent of the US labour force. In those industries, it set the maximum workweek at 40 hours, but provided that employees working beyond 40 hours a week would receive additional overtime bonus salaries. In Puerto Rico in May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9271593", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nWork–life balance in the United States Work–life balance is having enough time for work and enough to have a life, thus the work life balance. Related, though broader, terms include \"\"lifestyle balance\"\" and \"\"life balance\"\". The first enforceable hours' law in the United States was in 1874 when Massachusetts enacted a law which limited the amount of time that women and children could work each week. This limit was set at sixty hours per week. Similar laws were later adopted by about half of the country's states. Only men in exceptionally hazardous jobs were covered in early legislation and most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16161476", "chunk_text": "\"Labor Day\"\nBy the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty U.S. states officially celebrated Labor Day. All U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the United States territories have subsequently made Labor Day a statutory holiday. The date of May 1 (an ancient European folk holiday known as May Day) emerged in 1886 as an alternative holiday for the celebration of labor, later becoming known as International Workers' Day. The date had its origins at the 1885 convention of the American Federation of Labor, which passed a resolution calling for adoption of the eight-hour day effective May 1,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15154858", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nhad no limit to the number of hours their employees could have them work. Ten-hour workdays were accepted in the agriculture industry during certain seasons and six-day workweeks were not unheard of. Bakers did not win the right to work less than ten hours per day until 1905 with the court case of \"\"Lochner v. New York\"\". The general presumption during this period was that the courts would allow regulation of labor concerning women and children, who were thought to be incapable of bargaining on an equal footing with employers and in special need of protection. Men were allowed freedom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8511835", "chunk_text": "Sabbath\nweekend in Israel, Nepal, and parts of Malaysia, is Friday (all or half) and Saturday. Only the one-day customary or legal weekends are usually called \"\"Sabbath\"\". State-mandated rest days are widespread. Laws of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) required imperial officials to rest on every \"\"mu\"\" (every fifth day), within a ten-day Chinese week. The rest day was changed to \"\"huan\"\" or \"\"xún\"\" (every tenth day) in the Tang Dynasty (618–907). The reform calendar of the French Revolution was used from 1793 to 1805. It contained twelve months of three ten-day weeks; the five or six extra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956113", "chunk_text": "\"Labour law\"\nwork more than 72 hours in a work week. These ceilings, combined with a competitive job market, often motivate American workers to work more hours. American workers on average take the fewest days off of any developed country. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution limit the power of the federal and state governments to discriminate. The private sector is not directly constrained by the Constitution, but several laws, particularly the Civil Rights Act of 1964, limit the private sector discrimination against certain groups. The Fifth Amendment has an explicit requirement that the Federal Government not deprive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15986572", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\nrefuse to work with material produced by non-union planing mills or those that paid less than the Bay Area employers. By 1905, the eight-hour day was widely installed in the printing trades – see International Typographical Union (section) – but the vast majority of Americans worked 12- to 14-hour days. In the 1912 Presidential Election Teddy Roosevelts Progressive Party campaign platform included the eight-hour work day. On 5 January 1914, the Ford Motor Company took the radical step of doubling pay to $5 a day and cut shifts from nine hours to eight, moves that were not popular with rival", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8676231", "chunk_text": "Overtime\nand 5 am. Employers must enter into an overtime agreement with a labour representative prior to any overtime work by employees, and this agreement must stipulate to the maximum number of overtime hours that an employee may work, which may be no more than 15 hours per week, 45 hours per month and 360 hours per year. In the United States the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 applies to employees in industries engaged in or producing goods for interstate commerce. The FLSA establishes a standard work week of 40 hours for certain kinds of workers, and mandates payment for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313480", "chunk_text": "\"Workweek and weekend\"\nwith anything beyond that considered overtime. A minority of jobs operate on a partial six-day Sunday-Friday workweek. The standard business office working week in Japan begins on Monday and ends on Friday, 40 hours per week. This system became common between 1980 and 2000. Before then, most workers in Japan worked full-time from Monday to Friday and a half day on Saturday, 45–48 hours per week. Public schools and facilities (excluding city offices) are generally open on Saturdays for half a day. The working week is Monday to Friday; 8 hours per day, 40 hours in total per week. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12620452", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nthe next ten years, the government passed legislation requiring a 40-hour work week for individual industries nearly every time the issue arose in court. When the employees of the steel industry failed to obtain a reduction from their 84-hour work week in 1919, the industry soon allowed their employees an eight-hour workday, a four-hour-per-day reduction—a move brought about by much \"\"arm-twisting\"\" on the part of President Harding. By the 1920s, the average work week was fifty hours and was considered a great stride and well-earned award for America's working man. (Whaples) The push for fewer hours had come to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14233322", "chunk_text": "\"Eight-hour day\"\nBy 1817 he had formulated the goal of the eight-hour day and coined the slogan: \"\"Eight hours' labour, Eight hours' recreation, Eight hours' rest\"\". Women and children in England were granted the ten-hour day in 1847. French workers won the 12-hour day after the February Revolution of 1848. A shorter working day and improved working conditions were part of the general protests and agitation for Chartist reforms and the early organisation of trade unions. The International Workingmen's Association took up the demand for an eight-hour day at its Congress in Geneva in 1866, declaring \"\"The legal limitation of the working", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4813279", "chunk_text": "\"Labour Day\"\nis a non-working holiday for most citizens of Kazakhstan because it always falls on a weekend. In New Zealand, Labour Day is a public holiday held on the fourth Monday in October. Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day. He encouraged other tradesmen also to work for only eight hours a day and in October 1840, a workers' meeting passed a resolution supporting the idea. On 28 October 1890, the 50th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3062217", "chunk_text": "\"Working time\"\nSocial and Cultural Rights, and European Social Charter. The decline continued at a faster pace in Europe: for example, France adopted a 35-hour workweek in 2000. In 1995, China adopted a 40-hour week, eliminating half-day work on Saturdays (though this is not widely practiced). Working hours in industrializing economies like South Korea, though still much higher than the leading industrial countries, are also declining steadily. Technology has also continued to improve worker productivity, permitting standards of living to rise as hours decline. In developed economies, as the time needed to manufacture goods has declined, more working hours have become available", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16552978", "chunk_text": "\"Working Saturday\"\npeople often go home in the mid-afternoon. A number of shops follow their usual Saturday opening hours, closing early or not at all opening. In Poland, there was a six-day workweek (48 working hours a week) till the 1970s. In 1972, the communist government started a long-term process of switching to a five-day workweek. It started with one \"\"vacant Saturday\"\" per month (46 working hours per average week) and citizens were promised to be given more. The delays in introducing more vacant Saturdays were one of many sources of 1980s unrest in Poland leading to creation of the Solidarity movement.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15154867", "chunk_text": "\"Work–life balance in the United States\"\nturn of the century, most households were supported by one paycheck. \"\"In 1900, eighty percent of American children had a working father and a stay-at-home mother; however, by 1999, that figure was only twenty-four percent.\"\" During the Great Depression, working hours were reduced. By 1932, approximately fifty percent of Americans were working a shortened work week. Instead of reducing wages, employers decided to lay off many workers and attempted to protect the employees that remained by encouraging them to job share. President Herbert Hoover's Commission for Work Sharing pushed voluntary hours reductions, and it is estimated that nearly three to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_189	where is the north pole on the world map?	n/a	[ "latitude 90° North" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434379", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nNorth Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9478021", "chunk_text": "North\n(\"\"night\"\"), since above the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun never shines from the north, except inside the Arctic Circle during the summer midnight sun. The direction north is often associated with colder climates because most of the world's land at high latitudes is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland) and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey). By convention, the top side of a map is often north. To go north using a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434382", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\naway, though some perhaps semi-permanent gravel banks lie slightly closer. The nearest permanently inhabited place is Alert in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada, which is located from the Pole. The Earth's axis of rotation – and hence the position of the North Pole – was commonly believed to be fixed (relative to the surface of the Earth) until, in the 18th century, the mathematician Leonhard Euler predicted that the axis might \"\"wobble\"\" slightly. Around the beginning of the 20th century astronomers noticed a small apparent \"\"variation of latitude,\"\" as determined for a fixed point on Earth from the observation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434429", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nascent, like Dante's climbing of the Mountain of Purgatory, represents the pilgrim's progress through spiritual states. In Iranian theosophy, the heavenly Pole, the focal point of the spiritual ascent, acts as a magnet to draw beings to its \"\"palaces ablaze with immaterial matter.\"\" North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434380", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\neast and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6866629", "chunk_text": "\"North Magnetic Pole\"\nNorth Magnetic Pole The North Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the surface of Earth's Northern Hemisphere at which the planet's magnetic field points vertically downwards (in other words, if a magnetic compass needle is allowed to rotate about a horizontal axis, it will point straight down). There is only one location where this occurs, near (but distinct from) the Geographic North Pole and the Geomagnetic North Pole. The North Magnetic Pole moves over time due to magnetic changes in the Earth's core. In 2001, it was determined by the Geological Survey of Canada to lie west of Ellesmere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434384", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nNorth Pole (or South Pole) when metre-scale precision is required. It is desirable to tie the system of Earth coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevations or orography) to fixed landforms. Of course, given plate tectonics and isostasy, there is no system in which all geographic features are fixed. Yet the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service and the International Astronomical Union have defined a framework called the International Terrestrial Reference System. As early as the 16th century, many prominent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3575122", "chunk_text": "\"Lake North Pole\"\nLake North Pole Lake North Pole, also known as The North Pool, is a small, shallow lake near the North Pole, and is currently the northernmost lake in the world. It came into existence in 2002, occurring each year, then freezing over in the winter. The lake, which is approximately one foot deep, is composed almost entirely of fresh water melted from the ice beneath. A web camera is stationed beside the lake to monitor changes. It was built by the Polar Science Center. On July 26, 2013, the depth was estimated to be approximately 40 cm. Members of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3030931", "chunk_text": "\"South Pole\"\na longitude is desired, it may be given as At the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to \"\"grid north\"\", which points northwards along the prime meridian. Along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and counterclockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole. The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica (although this has not been the case for all of Earth's history because of continental drift). It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres (9,301 ft) above sea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1509498", "chunk_text": "\"South Pole\"\nSouth Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434415", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\n80°15N, 097°27E) and the Canadian coast (Ward Hant Island, 83°08N, 075°59W) took 55 days; it was ~2300 km across drifting ice and about 4000 km in total. The expedition was totally self-dependent and used no external supplies. The expedition was supported by the Russian Geographical Society. The sun at the North Pole is continuously above the horizon during the summer and continuously below the horizon during the winter. Sunrise is just before the March equinox (around 20 March); the sun then takes three months to reach its highest point of near 23½° elevation at the summer solstice (around 21 June),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434388", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nreached latitude 86° 34’ on 25 April, setting a new record by beating Nansen's result of 1895 by . Cagni barely managed to return to the camp, remaining there until 23 June. On 16 August the \"\"Stella Polare\"\" left Rudolf Island heading south and the expedition returned to Norway. The US explorer Frederick Cook claimed to have reached the North Pole on 21 April 1908 with two Inuit men, Ahwelah and Etukishook, but he was unable to produce convincing proof and his claim is not widely accepted. The conquest of the North Pole was for many years credited to US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434386", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\npole, part of the British Arctic Expedition, by Commander Albert H. Markham reached a then-record 83°20'26\"\" North in May 1876 before turning back. An 1879–1881 expedition commanded by US naval officer George W. DeLong ended tragically when their ship, the USS \"\"Jeanette\"\", was crushed by ice. Over half the crew, including DeLong, were lost. In April 1895 the Norwegian explorers Fridtjof Nansen and Hjalmar Johansen struck out for the Pole on skis after leaving Nansen's icebound ship \"\"Fram\"\". The pair reached latitude 86°14′ North before they abandoned the attempt and turned southwards, eventually reaching Franz Josef Land. In 1897 Swedish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434381", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nSince 2002, the Russians have also annually established a base, Barneo, close to the Pole. This operates for a few weeks during early spring. Studies in the 2000s predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free because of Arctic ice shrinkage, with timescales varying from 2016 to the late 21st century or later. The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at by the Russian Mir submersible in 2007 and at 4,087 m (13,410 ft) by USS \"\"Nautilus\"\" in 1958. The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "253603", "chunk_text": "\"Lake North Pole\"\nscientific community are not alarmed by such bodies of water, stating that they occur widely, and often refer to them as \"\"melt ponds\"\". Lake North Pole Lake North Pole, also known as The North Pool, is a small, shallow lake near the North Pole, and is currently the northernmost lake in the world. It came into existence in 2002, occurring each year, then freezing over in the winter. The lake, which is approximately one foot deep, is composed almost entirely of fresh water melted from the ice beneath. A web camera is stationed beside the lake to monitor changes. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965940", "chunk_text": "\"North Magnetic Pole\"\nand so is in a physical sense actually a magnetic \"\"south\"\" pole. It is the centre of the region of the magnetosphere in which the Aurora Borealis can be seen. As of 2015 it was located at approximately , over Ellesmere Island, Canada but it is now drifting away from North America and toward Siberia. Over the life of the Earth, the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has reversed many times, with magnetic north becoming magnetic south and vice versa – an event known as a geomagnetic reversal. Evidence of geomagnetic reversals can be seen at mid-ocean ridges where tectonic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6866630", "chunk_text": "\"North Magnetic Pole\"\nIsland in northern Canada at . It was situated at in 2005. In 2009, while still situated within the Canadian Arctic territorial claim at , it was moving toward Russia at between per year. As of 2017, the pole is projected to have moved beyond the Canadian Arctic territorial claim to . Its southern hemisphere counterpart is the South Magnetic Pole. Since the Earth's magnetic field is not exactly symmetrical, the North and South Magnetic Poles are not antipodal, meaning that a straight line drawn from one to the other does not pass through the geometric centre of the Earth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1509515", "chunk_text": "\"South Pole\"\nthere. In 2000 it was reported that microbes had been detected living in the South Pole ice. South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434420", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nheat), rather than at altitude on a continental land mass. Despite being an ice cap, it shares some characteristics with a tundra climate (\"\"ETf\"\") due to the July and August temperatures peaking just above freezing. Winter temperatures at the northernmost weather station in Greenland can range from about , averaging around , with the North Pole being slightly colder. However, a freak storm caused the temperature to reach for a time at a World Meteorological Organization buoy, located at 87.45°N, on December 30, 2015. It was estimated that the temperature at the North Pole was between during the storm. Summer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14263027", "chunk_text": "\"Arctic Circle\"\nArctic Circle The Arctic Circle is the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. It marks the northernmost point at which the centre of the noon sun is just visible on the December solstice and the southernmost point at which the centre of the midnight sun is just visible on the June solstice. The region north of this circle is known as the Arctic, and the zone just to the south is called the Northern Temperate Zone. As seen from the Arctic, the Sun is above the horizon for 24 continuous hours", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434419", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nof reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the sun rises and sets only once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no permanent human presence at the North Pole and no particular time zone has been assigned. Polar expeditions may use any time zone that is convenient, such as Greenwich Mean Time, or the time zone of the country from which they departed. The North Pole is substantially warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean (which acts as a reservoir of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434405", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nNorth Pole on a motorcycle. On 18 May 1987 USS \"\"Billfish\"\" (SSN 676), USS \"\"Sea Devil\"\" (SSN 664) and HMS \"\"Superb\"\" (S 109) surfaced at the North Pole, the first international surfacing at the North Pole. In 1988 a 13-man strong team (9 Soviets, 4 Canadians) skied across the arctic from Siberia to northern Canada. One of the Canadians, Richard Weber became the first person to reach the Pole from both sides of the Arctic Ocean. On 4 May 1990 Børge Ousland and Erling Kagge became the first explorers ever to reach the North Pole unsupported, after a 58-day ski", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965941", "chunk_text": "\"North Magnetic Pole\"\nplates move apart and the seabed is filled in with magma. As the magma seeps out of the mantle the magnetic particles contained within it are oriented in the direction of the magnetic field at the time the magma cools and solidifies. North Magnetic Pole The North Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the surface of Earth's Northern Hemisphere at which the planet's magnetic field points vertically downwards (in other words, if a magnetic compass needle is allowed to rotate about a horizontal axis, it will point straight down). There is only one location where this occurs, near (but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434428", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nan archetype of spiritual purity and transcendence. As Henry Corbin has documented, the North Pole plays a key part in the cultural worldview of Sufism and Iranian mysticism. \"\"The Orient sought by the mystic, the Orient that cannot be located on our maps, is in the direction of the north, beyond the north.\"\" Owing to its remoteness, the Pole is sometimes identified with a mysterious mountain of ancient Iranian tradition called Mount Qaf (Jabal Qaf), the \"\"farthest point of the earth\"\". According to certain authors, the Jabal Qaf of Muslim cosmology is a version of Rupes Nigra, a mountain whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434414", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\na team of Afanasy Makovnev, Vladimir Obikhod, Alexey Shkrabkin, Andrey Vankov, Sergey Isayev and Nikolay Kozlov on two custom-built 6 x 6 low-pressure-tire ATVs — Yemelya-3 and Yemelya-4,— started from Golomyanny Island (the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago) to the North Pole across drifting ice of the Arctic Ocean. The vehicles reached the Pole on 6 April and then continued to the Canadian coast. The coast was reached on 30 April 2013 (83°08N, 075°59W Ward Hant Island), and on 5 May 2013 the expedition finished in Resolute Bay, NU. The way between the Russian borderland (Machtovyi Island of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434427", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nnot been relinquished, but was not consistently pressed until 2013. In some children's Western cultures, the geographic North Pole is described as the location of Santa Claus' workshop and residence, although the depictions have been inconsistent between the geographic and magnetic North Pole. Canada Post has assigned postal code H0H 0H0 to the North Pole (referring to Santa's traditional exclamation of \"\"Ho ho ho!\"\"). This association reflects an age-old esoteric mythology of Hyperborea that posits the North Pole, the otherworldly world-axis, as the abode of God and superhuman beings. The popular figure of the pole-dwelling Santa Claus thus functions as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434395", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\n1928, in the airship \"\"Italia\"\". The \"\"Italia\"\" crashed on its return from the Pole, with the loss of half the crew. In May 1937 the world's first North Pole ice station, North Pole-1, was established by Soviet scientists by air 20 kilometres (13 mi) from the North Pole. The expedition members: oceanographer Pyotr Shirshov, meteorologist Yevgeny Fyodorov, radio operator Ernst Krenkel, and the leader Ivan Papanin conducted scientific research at the station for the next nine months. By 19 February 1938, when the group was picked up by the ice breakers \"\"Taimyr\"\" and \"\"Murman\"\", their station had drifted 2850 km", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434425", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nscooped up from the seabed mud by the Russian team and that video footage from the dive showed unidentified shrimps and amphipods. Currently, under international law, no country owns the North Pole or the region of the Arctic Ocean surrounding it. The five surrounding Arctic countries, Russian Federation, Canada, Norway, Denmark (via Greenland), and the United States, are limited to a exclusive economic zone off their coasts, and the area beyond that is administered by the International Seabed Authority. Upon ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a country has 10 years to make claims", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14263034", "chunk_text": "\"Arctic Circle\"\nas , while the winter temperatures frequently fall below . Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the Arctic Circle passes through: Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. It marks the northernmost point at which the centre of the noon sun is just visible on the December solstice and the southernmost point at which the centre of the midnight sun is just visible on the June solstice. The region north of this circle is known as the Arctic, and the zone just to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6866633", "chunk_text": "\"North Magnetic Pole\"\nphysician and natural philosopher William Gilbert. He was also the first to define the North Magnetic Pole as the point where the Earth's magnetic field points vertically downwards. This is the definition used nowadays, though it would be a few hundred years before the nature of the Earth's magnetic field was understood properly. The first expedition to reach the North Magnetic Pole was led by James Clark Ross, who found it at Cape Adelaide on the Boothia Peninsula on June 1, 1831. Roald Amundsen found the North Magnetic Pole in a slightly different location in 1903. The third observation was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13670116", "chunk_text": "\"73rd parallel north\"\n73rd parallel north The 73rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 73 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Asia, the Arctic Ocean and North America. At this latitude the sun is visible for 24 hours, 0 minutes during the summer solstice and nautical twilight during the winter solstice. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 73° north passes through: Between 1776 and 1950, the 73rd parallel formed the northern limit of the Royal Greenland Trade Department's exclusive monopoly on trade near the Dano-Norwegian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6780552", "chunk_text": "Arctic\nArctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places. The Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. For example, the cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20843864", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole, Alaska\"\nlimits with North Pole city limits, and in the nearby census-designated place of Moose Creek. Despite the name, the city is about south of Earth's geographic North Pole and south of the Arctic Circle. The city is a summertime attraction for tourists visiting nearby Fairbanks and, due to its location on the Richardson Highway, those traveling to and from the Alaska Highway and Valdez. North Pole was home to two oil refineries, the town's major industry aside from tourism, but closed because of sulofane contamination in ground water. The larger refinery, operated by Flint Hills Resources, was a major source", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434407", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nexpedition was dropped by parachute and completed the track to the North Pole. The 2000 expedition departed from a Russian research base around 114 km from the Pole and claimed an average speed of 20–15 km/h in an average temperature of −30 °C. Commercial airliner flights on the Polar routes may pass within viewing distance of the North Pole. For example, the flight from Chicago to Beijing may come close as latitude 89° N, though because of prevailing winds return journeys go over the Bering Strait. In recent years journeys to the North Pole by air (landing by helicopter or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434424", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nthe Pole, and Arctic foxes have been observed less than away at 89°40′ N. Birds seen at or very near the Pole include the snow bunting, northern fulmar and black-legged kittiwake, though some bird sightings may be distorted by the tendency of birds to follow ships and expeditions. Fish have been seen in the waters at the North Pole, but these are probably few in number. A member of the Russian team that descended to the North Pole seabed in August 2007 reported seeing no sea creatures living there. However, it was later reported that a sea anemone had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434410", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nNorth Pole. His feat, undertaken to highlight the effects of global warming, took place in clear water that had opened up between the ice floes. His later attempt to paddle a kayak to the North Pole in late 2008, following the erroneous prediction of clear water to the Pole, was stymied when his expedition found itself stuck in thick ice after only three days. The expedition was then abandoned. By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish \"\"Oden\"\", 3 times by German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6780575", "chunk_text": "Arctic\nthe ice covering them melts. These factors have led to recent international debates as to which nations can claim sovereignty or ownership over the waters of the Arctic. Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19085842", "chunk_text": "\"Mara Mountain\"\nExpedition and it was later named Mara Mountain on July 6, 2003 in the 2003 Expedition for the northernmost island in the world. The team then had six members, including Mara Boland. Mara Mountain Mara Mountain, in northern Greenland, is the closest known mountain to the North Pole. Located in the Roosevelt Range in Peary Land, it is approximately 446.17 miles (718.04 km) away from the North Pole. Named after Mara Boland, a horse trainer, mountaineer, and photographer from Santa Ynez, the mountain was first ascended during the American Top of The World Expedition of 1998 and was visited again", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20719282", "chunk_text": "\"Arctic Cape\"\nArctic Cape The Arctic Cape (, \"\"Mys Arkticheskiy\"\") is a headland in Severnaya Zemlya, Russia. With a distance of 990.7 km to the North Pole, the Arctic Cape is sometimes used as starting point for expeditions to the North Pole. Stretching out towards the Arctic Ocean by the Molotov Glacier, it is the northernmost point of Komsomolets Island, which in turn is the northernmost island of the archipelago. Under Joseph Stalin the cape was known as Cape Molotov. The Arctic Cape is not the northernmost point of Russia. That distinction goes to Cape Fligely (mys Fligeli) on Rudolf Island (ostrov", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10191790", "chunk_text": "\"Polar regions of Earth\"\nPolar regions of Earth The polar regions, also called the frigid zones, of Earth are the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles. These high latitudes are dominated by Earth's polar ice caps: the northern resting on the Arctic Ocean and the southern on the continent of Antarctica. The Arctic has various definitions, including the region north of the Arctic Circle (currently Epoch 2010 at 66°33'44\"\" N), or the region north of 60° north latitude, or the region from the North Pole south to the timberline. The Antarctic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14263032", "chunk_text": "\"Arctic Circle\"\n(18,148). Rovaniemi (61,329) in Finland is the largest settlement in the immediate vicinity of the Arctic Circle, lying south of the line. In contrast, the largest North American community north of the Arctic Circle, Sisimiut (Greenland), has approximately 5,000 inhabitants. Of the Canadian and American Arctic communities, Utqiagvik, Alaska is the largest settlement with about 4,000 inhabitants. The Arctic Circle is roughly . The area north of the Circle is about and covers roughly 4% of Earth's surface. The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, the Scandinavian Peninsula, North Asia, Northern America and Greenland. The land within the Arctic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19085841", "chunk_text": "\"Mara Mountain\"\nMara Mountain Mara Mountain, in northern Greenland, is the closest known mountain to the North Pole. Located in the Roosevelt Range in Peary Land, it is approximately 446.17 miles (718.04 km) away from the North Pole. Named after Mara Boland, a horse trainer, mountaineer, and photographer from Santa Ynez, the mountain was first ascended during the American Top of The World Expedition of 1998 and was visited again in the 2003 Expedition led by Dennis Schmitt. The first climb to the summit was on July 14, 1998 in five hours by the team members of the Top of The World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965935", "chunk_text": "\"North Magnetic Pole\"\nits mean position. This effect is due to disturbances of the geomagnetic field by charged particles from the Sun. The first team of novices to reach the Magnetic North Pole did so in 1996, led by David Hempleman-Adams. It included the first British woman Sue Stockdale and first Swedish woman to reach the Pole. The team also successfully tracked the location of the Magnetic North Pole on behalf of the University of Ottawa, and certified its location by magnetometer and theodolite at . The biennial Polar Race takes place between Resolute Bay in northern Canada and the 1996-certified location of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434394", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\namount of logical reasoning can not avoid the conclusion that neither Cook, nor Peary, nor Byrd reached the North Pole; and they all knew it.\"\" The first consistent, verified, and scientifically convincing attainment of the Pole was on 12 May 1926, by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his US sponsor Lincoln Ellsworth from the airship \"\"Norge\"\". \"\"Norge\"\", though Norwegian-owned, was designed and piloted by the Italian Umberto Nobile. The flight started from Svalbard in Norway, and crossed the Arctic Ocean to Alaska. Nobile, with several scientists and crew from the \"\"Norge\"\", overflew the Pole a second time on 24 May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434418", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nPole is facing towards the sun to its maximum extent. As the year progresses and the Earth moves around the sun, the North Pole gradually turns away from the sun until at midwinter it is facing away from the Sun to its maximum extent. A similar sequence is observed at the South Pole, with a six-month time difference. In most places on Earth, local time is determined by longitude, such that the time of day is more-or-less synchronised to the position of the sun in the sky (for example, at midday the sun is roughly at its highest). This line", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20771019", "chunk_text": "\"Pole of inaccessibility\"\nof inaccessibility, or just Arctic pole, is located on the Arctic Ocean pack ice at a distance farthest from any land mass. It lies at , from the three closest landmasses: Ellesmere Island, Komsomolets Island, and Henrietta Island. Due to constant motion of the pack ice, no permanent structure can exist at this pole. Until a 2013 review of satellite cartography, the northern pole of inaccessibility was thought to lie at , which was away from Ellesmere, Franz-Josef Land, and the New Siberian Islands, north of Utqiagvik, Alaska, and away from the actual northern pole of inaccessibility. The first attempt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10191329", "chunk_text": "\"73rd parallel north\"\nlater Danish colonies of Greenland (1776–1782) and North Greenland (1782–1950). 73rd parallel north The 73rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 73 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Asia, the Arctic Ocean and North America. At this latitude the sun is visible for 24 hours, 0 minutes during the summer solstice and nautical twilight during the winter solstice. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 73° north passes through: Between 1776 and 1950, the 73rd parallel formed the northern limit of the Royal Greenland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434423", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nwill be entirely free of ice in the summer. This may have significant commercial implications; see \"\"Territorial Claims,\"\" below. The retreat of the Arctic sea ice will accelerate global warming, as less ice cover reflects less solar radiation, and may have serious climate implications by contributing to Arctic cyclone generation. Polar bears are believed to travel rarely beyond about 82° North owing to the scarcity of food, though tracks have been seen in the vicinity of the North Pole, and a 2006 expedition reported sighting a polar bear just from the Pole. The ringed seal has also been seen at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434412", "chunk_text": "\"North Pole\"\nthe Russian flag was placed on the ocean floor exactly at the Pole. The expedition was the latest in a series of efforts intended to give Russia a dominant influence in the Arctic according to \"\"The New York Times\"\". The warming Arctic climate and summer shrinkage of the iced area has attracted the attention of many countries, such as China and the United States, toward the top of the world, where resources and shipping routes may soon be exploitable. In 2009 the Russian Marine Live-Ice Automobile Expedition (MLAE-2009) with Vasily Elagin as a leader and a team of Afanasy Makovnev,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8600762", "chunk_text": "\"North American Arctic\"\nNorth American Arctic The North American Arctic comprises the northern portions of Alaska (USA), Northern Canada and Greenland. Major bodies of water include the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic Ocean. The western limit is the Seward Peninsula and the Bering Strait. The southern limit is the Arctic Circle latitude of 66° 33’N, which is the approximate limit of the midnight sun and the polar night. The Arctic region is defined by environmental limits where the average temperature for the warmest month (July) is below . The northernmost tree line roughly follows the isotherm at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_190	when did the us stop drafting for the vietnam war?	n/a	[ "1973" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4258085", "chunk_text": "\"Draft-card burning\"\nthe Republican Wednesday Group the year before. At the beginning of his second term as President, Nixon stopped the draft after February 1973. The last man to be drafted entered the US Army on June 30, 1973. Draft-card burning Draft-card burning was a symbol of protest performed by thousands of young men in the US and Australia in the 1960s and early 1970s. The first draft-card burners were American men taking part in the opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War. The first well-publicized protest was in December 1963, with a 22-year old conscientious objector, Eugene Keyes, setting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17166247", "chunk_text": "\"Draft lottery (1969)\"\nstudents were entitled to a deferment (2-S status) but were subject to the draft if they dropped out or graduated. In 1967, the number of U.S. military personnel in Vietnam was around 500,000. The war was costing the U.S. $25 billion a year, and many of the young men drafted were being sent to a war they wanted no part of. Martin Luther King Jr. also started to support the anti-war movement, believing the war to be immoral and expressing alarm at the number of African-American soldiers that were being killed. The 15th of November 1969 marked the largest anti-war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3777222", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the United States\"\nMike Gravel of Alaska took the most forceful approach, trying to filibuster the draft renewal legislation, shut down conscription, and directly force an end to the war. Senators supporting Nixon's war efforts supported the bill, even though some had qualms about ending the draft. After a prolonged battle in the Senate, in September 1971 cloture was achieved over the filibuster and the draft renewal bill was approved. Meanwhile, military pay was increased as an incentive to attract volunteers, and television advertising for the U.S. Army began. With the end of active U.S. ground participation in Vietnam, December 1972 saw the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3777221", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the United States\"\nThe Gates Commission issued its report in February 1970, describing how adequate military strength could be maintained without having conscription. The existing draft law was expiring at the end of June 1971, but the Department of Defense and Nixon administration decided the draft needed to continue for at least some time. In February 1971, the administration requested of Congress a two-year extension of the draft, to June 1973. Senatorial opponents of the war wanted to reduce this to a one-year extension, or eliminate the draft altogether, or tie the draft renewal to a timetable for troop withdrawal from Vietnam; Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10572264", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam veteran\"\nRepublic of Vietnam, from February 28, 1961 to May 7, 1975, as being eligible for such programs as the department's Readjustment Counseling Services program, also known as the Vet Centers. The Vietnam War was the last American war with conscription. Nationals of other nations fought in the American-led anti-communist coalition, usually as armed forces of allied nations, such as Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and South Korea, but sometimes as members of the US armed forces. Republic Of China (Taiwan), Spain and Philippines contributed assistance in non-combat roles. Australia deployed approximately three battalions of infantry, one regiment of Centurion tanks, three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "49844", "chunk_text": "\"Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War\"\ndraft card. On October 15, 1965 the student-run National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam in New York staged the first draft card burning to result in an arrest under the new law. In 1967, the continued operation of a seemingly unfair draft system then calling as many as 40,000 men for induction each month fueled a burgeoning draft resistance movement. The draft favored white, middle-class men, which allowed an economically and racially discriminating draft to force young African American men to serve in rates that were disproportionately higher than the general population. Although in 1967 there was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4094028", "chunk_text": "\"Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam\"\nMoratorium to End the War in Vietnam The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a massive demonstration and teach-in across the United States against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. It took place on October 15, 1969, followed a month later by a large Moratorium March on Washington. The Moratorium developed from Jerome Grossman's April 20, 1969, call for a general strike if the war had not concluded by October. David Hawk and Sam Brown, who had previously worked on the unsuccessful 1968 presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy, changed the concept to a less radical moratorium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345322", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nmovement, some veterans joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War. On 15 October 1969, the Vietnam Moratorium attracted millions of Americans. The fatal shooting of four students at Kent State University in 1970 led to nationwide university protests. Anti-war protests declined with the final withdrawal of troops after the Paris Peace Accords in 1973. In 1950, China extended diplomatic recognition to the Viet Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam and sent heavy weapons, as well as military advisers led by Luo Guibo to assist the Viet Minh in its war with the French (1946-1954). The first draft of the 1954 Geneva Accords", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17166246", "chunk_text": "\"Draft lottery (1969)\"\nAugust 1964, two U.S. warships were attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Johnson condemned North Vietnam, and Congress passed a motion which gave him more authority over military decisions. By the end of 1965, President Johnson had sent 82,000 troops to Vietnam, and his military advisors wanted another 175,000. Due to the heavy demand for military personnel, the United States increased the number of men the draft provided each month. In the 1960s anti-war movements started to occur in the U.S., mainly among students on college campuses and in more leftist circles, especially those who embraced the \"\"hippie\"\" lifestyle. College", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "49846", "chunk_text": "\"Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War\"\n1968. By the late 1960s, one quarter of all court cases dealt with the draft, including men accused of draft-dodging and men petitioning for the status of conscientious objector. Over 210,000 men were accused of draft-related offenses, 25,000 of whom were indicted. The charges of unfairness led to the institution of a draft lottery for the year 1970 in which a young man's birthday determined his relative risk of being drafted (September 14 was the birthday at the top of the draft list for 1970; the following year July 9 held this distinction). The first draft lottery since World War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13407052", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of the United States\"\nin Hanoi. Critics see the conflict as a \"\"quagmire\"\"—an endless waste of American blood and treasure in a conflict that did not concern US interests. Fears of another quagmire have been major factors in foreign policy debates ever since. The draft became extremely unpopular, and President Nixon ended it in 1973, forcing the military (the Army especially) to rely entirely upon volunteers. That raised the issue of how well the professional military reflected overall American society and values; the soldiers typically took the position that their service represented the highest and best American values. In October, 1983, a power struggle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4971111", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War casualties\"\none out of every four combat deaths. With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. In October 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which further lowered military standards for 100,000 additional draftees per year. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poor – a promise that was never carried out. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. This lead to increased racial tension", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19734083", "chunk_text": "\"Draft lottery (1969)\"\nDraft lottery (1969) On December 1, 1969 the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from January 1, 1944 to December 31, 1950. These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription in the United States that lasted from 1947 to 1973. It was the first time a lottery system had been used to select men for military service since 1942. The reason for the lottery of 1969 was to address perceived inequities in the draft system as it existed previously, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13892614", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam Syndrome\"\nVietnam Syndrome Vietnam Syndrome, in U.S. politics, is a term used to refer to public aversion to American overseas military involvements, following the domestic controversy over the Vietnam War, which ended in 1975. Since the early 1980s, the combination of a public opinion apparently biased against war, a relative reluctance to deploy ground troops and conscription, and \"\"Vietnam paralysis\"\" are all the perceived results of the syndrome. There is a general consensus by global historians and even most military analysts that from a purely strategic point of view, the U.S. military was losing the war on the battlefield \"\"despite\"\" its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16634588", "chunk_text": "\"Melvin Laird\"\npermitted us to continue those programs which are essential to maintaining the sufficiency of our long-term strategic nuclear deterrent.\"\" Other important Laird goals were ending conscription by June 30, 1973, and the creation of an All Volunteer Force (AVF). Strong opposition to selective service mounted during the Vietnam War and draft calls declined progressively during Laird's years at the Pentagon; from 300,000 in his first year, to 200,000 in the second, 100,000 in the third, and 50,000 in the fourth. On January 27, 1973, after the signing of the Vietnam agreement in Paris, Laird suspended the draft, five months ahead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12195514", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam Era\"\nthe Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving the Johnson Administration significant powers to make war in Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin battle is seen as the beginning of the dramatic escalation of U.S. operations in Vietnam. The end of the war is noted as May 7, 1975 because President Gerald R. Ford announced the end of the war on that day. Vietnam Era Vietnam Era is a term used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs to classify veterans of the Vietnam War. Various departments of federal, state and local governments as well as private employers often give Vietnam Era", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173397", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\naccord; the ceasefire was broken just days after its signing. In the U.S. and the Western world, a large anti-Vietnam War movement developed as part of a larger counterculture, the largest such anti-war movement up to that point in history. The war changed the dynamics between the Eastern and Western Blocs, altered North–South relations, and significantly influenced the political landscape in the United States. Across much of Western Europe and the U.S., ground-force intervention spurred the rise of transnational political movements and campaigning. Direct U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973 as a result of the Case–Church Amendment passed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18047212", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the United States\"\nConscription in the United States Conscription in the United States, commonly known as the draft, has been employed by the federal government of the United States in five conflicts: the American Revolution, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, and the Cold War (including both the Korean War and the Vietnam War). The third incarnation of the draft came into being in 1940 through the Selective Training and Service Act. It was the country's first peacetime draft. From 1940 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18047271", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the United States\"\nsoldier still on active duty, retired in 2011. Chief Warrant Officer 5 Ralph E. Rigby, the last Vietnam War-era drafted soldier of Warrant Officer rank, retired from the army on November 10, 2014 after a 42-year career. On July 2, 1980, President Jimmy Carter issued Presidential Proclamation 4771 and re-instated the requirement that young men register with the Selective Service System. At that time it was required that all males, born on or after January 1, 1960, register with the Selective Service System. Those now in this category are male U.S. citizens and male immigrant non-citizens between the ages of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173470", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nFollowing the Tet Offensive and the decreasing support among the U.S. public for the war, U.S. forces began a period of morale collapse, disillusionment and disobedience. At home, desertion rates quadrupled from 1966 levels. Among the enlisted, only 2.5% chose infantry combat positions in 1969-1970. ROTC enrollment decreased from 191,749 in 1966 to 72,459 by 1971, and reached an all-time low of 33,220 in 1974, depriving U.S. forces of much-needed military leadership. Open refusal to engage in patrols or carry out orders and disobedience began to emerge during this period, with one notable case of an entire company refusing orders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8879908", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Gravel\"\nduring Senate hearings in June 1971. President Richard Nixon had campaigned in 1968 on a promise to end the U.S. military draft, a decision endorsed by the February 1970 report of the Gates Commission. The existing draft law was scheduled to conclude at the end of June 1971, and the Senate faced a contentious debate about whether to extend it as the Vietnam War continued. The Nixon administration announced in February 1971 that it wanted a two-year extension to June 1973, after which the draft would end; Army planners had already been operating under the assumption of a two-year extension,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18047248", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the United States\"\nwas the first time any form of student deferment was used. During the Korean War a student carrying at least twelve semester hours was spared until the end of his current semester. The United States breathed easier with the Korean War Armistice on July 27, 1953; however, technology brought new promises and threats. U.S. air and nuclear power fueled the Eisenhower doctrine of \"\"massive retaliation\"\". This strategy demanded more machines and fewer foot soldiers, so the draft slipped to the back burner. However, the head of the SSS, Maj. Gen. Hershey, urged caution fearing the conflict looming in Vietnam. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13714183", "chunk_text": "\"Military service\"\nand substitutes were criminals or men with debilitating health problems, and thus largely useless. The Confederate government had begun drafting men in early 1862. Conscription was next used after the United States entered World War I in 1917. The first peacetime conscription came with the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940. When World War II ended, so did the draft. It was quickly reinstated with the Korean War and retained for the next 20 years, especially in the Vietnam War. Active conscription (\"\"the draft\"\") ended in 1973. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter, a Democrat, brought back draft registration. All", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13892624", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam Syndrome\"\nbrought about because of the Vietnam War and with feelings of doubt over the morality of America's intentions and actions during the war. Reagan, however, argued that America had fought for \"\"a noble cause\"\" and blamed the war in Vietnam exclusively on North Vietnam's aggression: Vietnam Syndrome Vietnam Syndrome, in U.S. politics, is a term used to refer to public aversion to American overseas military involvements, following the domestic controversy over the Vietnam War, which ended in 1975. Since the early 1980s, the combination of a public opinion apparently biased against war, a relative reluctance to deploy ground troops and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16042071", "chunk_text": "\"United States v. O'Brien\"\npublic school students who were suspended for wearing black armbands, and \"\"Cohen v. California\"\", in which a man was convicted for disturbing the peace by wearing a jacket that read \"\"Fuck the Draft\"\" in a state courthouse. Due in part to increasing domestic opposition, the United States reduced its involvement in Vietnam and completed withdrawal of its forces in 1973; the draft ended the same year. On January 21, 1977, the day after his inauguration, President Jimmy Carter signed Executive Order 11967, which granted a full pardon to anyone who had committed or been convicted of a non-violent violation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19734087", "chunk_text": "\"Draft lottery (1969)\"\nHe was opposed to reconciliation with the North and against the elections of 1956. In other parts of the world, the Cold War was intensifying between the Soviet Union and the United States. The U.S. was becoming more rigid in its policies towards the communist allies of the Soviet Union. President Dwight D. Eisenhower started supporting the South Vietnamese who were also against the communist north. The U.S. began training and equipping Diem's forces with weapons. Conflicts between communist sympathizers began occurring in the South. At the time, the U.S. had only committed around 800 personnel to train and outfit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345379", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nin combat, 86.3 percent were white, 12.5 percent were black and the remainder from other races.\"\" Approximately 830,000 Vietnam veterans suffered some degree of posttraumatic stress disorder. An estimated 125,000 Americans left for Canada to avoid the Vietnam draft, and approximately 50,000 American servicemen deserted. In 1977, United States president Jimmy Carter granted a full and unconditional pardon to all Vietnam-era draft dodgers. As the Vietnam War continued inconclusively and became more unpopular with the American public, morale declined and disciplinary problems grew among American enlisted men and junior, non-career officers. Drug use, racial tensions, and the growing incidence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173483", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nended direct U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, created a ceasefire between North Vietnam/PRG and South Vietnam, guaranteed the territorial integrity of Vietnam under the Geneva Conference of 1954, called for elections or a political settlement between the PRG and South Vietnam, allowed 200,000 communist troops to remain in the south, and agreed to a POW exchange. There was a sixty-day period for the total withdrawal of U.S. forces. \"\"This article\"\", noted Peter Church, \"\"proved… to be the only one of the Paris Agreements which was fully carried out.\"\" All US forces personnel were completely withdrawn by March 1973. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1257819", "chunk_text": "Vietnamization\nVietnamization Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to \"\"expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops.\"\" Brought on by the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, the policy referred to U.S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by the U.S. Air Force, as well as the support to South Vietnam, consistent with the policies of U.S. foreign military assistance organizations. U.S. citizens'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14694410", "chunk_text": "\"Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War\"\nII in the United States was held on 1 December 1969 and was met with large protests and a great deal of controversy; statistical analysis indicated that the methodology of the lotteries unintentionally disadvantaged men with late year birthdays. This issue was treated at length in a January 4, 1970 \"\"New York Times\"\" article titled \"\"Statisticians Charge Draft Lottery Was Not Random\"\". Various antiwar groups, such as Another Mother for Peace, WILPF, and WSP, had free draft counseling centers, where they gave young American men advice for legally and illegally evading the draft. Over 30,000 people left the country and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7724407", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nservicemen \"\"on the battlefield in decorations, promotion and duty assignments\"\" as well as their having to endure \"\"the racial insults, cross-burnings and Confederate flags of their white comrades\"\"—and the experiences faced by black soldiers stateside, during the war and after America's withdrawal. Civil rights leaders protested the disproportionate casualties and the over-representation in hazardous duty and combat roles experienced by African American servicemen, prompting reforms that were implemented beginning in 1967–68. As a result, by the war's completion in 1975, black casualties had declined to 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19534671", "chunk_text": "\"Draft lottery (1969)\"\nthe South Vietnamese. In 1961, the John F. Kennedy administration started working under the \"\"Domino Theory,\"\" which stated that if South Vietnam was to fall to the North, then other places in southeast Asia were to become vulnerable to communism as well. This caused President Kennedy to begin sending additional American soldiers to Vietnam. By 1962, there were around 9,000 personnel in Vietnam. In 1963, South Vietnamese generals organized a coup that resulted in the death of Diem. President Lyndon B. Johnson increased the number of U.S. personnel in South Vietnam due to the political instability in the country. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16240977", "chunk_text": "\"Draft-card burning\"\nmore troops. John Gorton took the Prime Minister position in January 1968. In June 1968, the government doubled the penalty for the burning of registration cards. In 1971, the government committed to a gradual but total withdrawal from Vietnam—following both Australian opinion and America's new policy. In 1972, all troops including the advisory team were ordered home from Vietnam. Draft resisters in jail were freed. The final birthday lottery was held September 22, 1972. On October 15, 1965, David J. Miller burned his draft card at a rally held near the Armed Forces Induction Center on Whitehall Street in Manhattan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12195512", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam Era\"\nVietnam Era Vietnam Era is a term used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs to classify veterans of the Vietnam War. Various departments of federal, state and local governments as well as private employers often give Vietnam Era veterans special consideration regarding employment and sometimes assign extra qualifying points. For VA purposes, in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations Chapter 38 Paragraph 3.2 (f), the Vietnam Era is \"\"The period beginning on February 28, 1961 and ending on May 7, 1975, inclusive, in the case of a veteran who served in the Republic of Vietnam during that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18047262", "chunk_text": "\"Conscription in the United States\"\nconvicted of avoiding the draft, but given a suspended sentence of five years. He was later pardoned by President Gerald Ford. There were 8,744,000 servicemembers between 1964 and 1975, of whom 3,403,000 were deployed to Southeast Asia. From a pool of approximately 27 million, the draft raised 2,215,000 men for military service (in the United States, South Vietnam, and elsewhere) during the Vietnam War era. The majority of servicemembers deployed to South Vietnam were volunteers, even though hundreds of thousands of men opted to join the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Coast Guard (for three or four year terms of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7702405", "chunk_text": "\"McGovern–Hatfield Amendment\"\ntroop level of more than 280,000 armed forces of the United States in Vietnam after April 30, 1971. (b) After April 30, 1971, funds herein authorized or hereafter appropriated may be expended in connection with activities of American Armed Forces in and over Indochina only to accomplish the following objectives: McGovern–Hatfield Amendment The McGovern–Hatfield Amendment (alternately, Hatfield–McGovern Amendment) was a proposed amendment to an appropriations bill in 1970 during the Vietnam War that, if passed, would have required the end of United States military operations in the Republic of Vietnam by December 31, 1970 and a complete withdrawal of American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173474", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nUS ones in 1970. In the post-Tet environment, membership in the South Vietnamese Regional Force and Popular Force militias grew, and they were now more capable of providing village security, which the Americans had not accomplished under Westmoreland. In 1970 Nixon announced the withdrawal of an additional 150,000 American troops, reducing the number of Americans to 265,500. By 1970 Viet Cong forces were no longer southern-majority, as nearly 70% of units were northerners. Between 1969 and 1971 the Viet Cong and some PAVN units had reverted to small unit tactics typical of 1967 and prior instead of nationwide grand offensives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12195513", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam Era\"\nperiod. The period beginning on August 5, 1964 and ended on May 7, 1975 inclusive, in all other cases.\"\" The U.S. Congress, U.S. Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs elected to designate those years as such to accord special privileges to all persons who served the country's armed forces during that time. Similar designations have been made for other periods of war. The date August 5, 1964 is significant because it was the day of the start of U.S. bombing of North Vietnam at the Gulf of Tonkin. Two days later, on August 7, 1964, Congress passed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4094038", "chunk_text": "\"Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam\"\nwere arrested in Sydney. The Melbourne march was held on 18 September. The third moratorium in June 1971 closed the Centre. In Melbourne, on 30 June 1971, there was a march of nearly 100,000 people. By this time public opinion was beginning to turn decisively against conscription and Australian involvement in the war. Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a massive demonstration and teach-in across the United States against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. It took place on October 15, 1969, followed a month later by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13962017", "chunk_text": "\"Legality of the Vietnam War\"\nLegality of the Vietnam War The legality of the Vietnam War refers to the lawfulness of the 1965-1975 U.S. military activity that occurred in Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, passed in 1964, authorized U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson to use military force in Southeast Asia. The Resolution was repealed in 1971, however, and President Richard M. Nixon cited his power as commander-in-chief of U.S. forces under as legal authority for operations in Vietnam. No formal declaration of war was ever made, a violation of the US Constitution according to many. Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter prohibits war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14345383", "chunk_text": "\"Vietnam War\"\nlike pawns or puppets...The grunts [infantrymen] were determined to survive...they insisted of having something to say about the making of decisions that determined whether they might live or die.\"\" The morale and discipline problems and resistance to conscription (the draft) were important factors leading to the creation of an all-volunteer military force by the United States and the termination of conscription. The last conscript was inducted into the army in 1973. The all-volunteer military moderated some of the coercive methods of discipline previously used to maintain order in military ranks. One of the most controversial aspects of the U.S. military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5845348", "chunk_text": "\"Draft evasion\"\nobjector (CO) status during World War II, and many of their applications were rejected. Some COs chose to serve as noncombatants in the military, others chose jail, and a third group – taking a position in between – chose to enter a specially organized domestic Civilian Public Service. The Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, generated 80,000 cases of alleged draft evasion. The Vietnam War (1965–1975) was controversial in the U.S. and was accompanied by a significant amount of draft evasion among young Americans, with many managing to remain in the U.S. by various means and some eventually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12160119", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nand retreats by both sides and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953. The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the U.S. public and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by U.S. political leaders. While U.S. forces had been stationed in South Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence and advising/training roles, they were not deployed in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. U.S. forces effectively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14825639", "chunk_text": "\"Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists\"\nResolution. The Tonkin act was repealed in 1970 amid discussion of its facilitation of the Vietnam war and its potential to enable a new incursion in Cambodia. In 2016, constitutional law specialist professor Bruce Ackerman of Yale Law School said that the Obama Administration's use of the AUMF to that point had overstepped the authorized powers of the final, enacted version of the bill so as to more closely resemble the capabilities named in this draft text rejected by Congress. On June 29, 2017, a group of libertarian Republicans and Democrats on the House Appropriations Committee approved Barbara Lee's amendment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9480149", "chunk_text": "\"Tet Offensive\"\nFebruary 1968 MACV posted the highest U.S. casualty figures for a single week during the entire war: 543 killed and 2,547 wounded. As a result of the heavy fighting, 1968 went on to become the deadliest year of the war for the US forces with 16,592 soldiers killed. On 23 February the U.S. Selective Service System announced a new draft call for 48,000 men, the second highest of the war. On 28 February Robert S. McNamara, the Secretary of Defense who had overseen the escalation of the war in 1964–1965, but who had eventually turned against it, stepped down from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5789232", "chunk_text": "\"1971 in the Vietnam War\"\n1971 in the Vietnam War U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam totaled 334,600 on 31 December 1970. The United States Congress adopted the revised Cooper-Church Amendment which prohibited the introduction of U.S. ground troops or advisers into Cambodia and declared that U.S. aid to Cambodia should not be considered a commitment to the defense of Cambodia. United States Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird said that the \"\"Vietnamization\"\" of the war was running ahead of schedule and that the combat mission of the U.S. troops would end in summer 1971. The last herbicide spraying by the United States to defoliate forests", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5640919", "chunk_text": "\"McGovern–Hatfield Amendment\"\nMcGovern–Hatfield Amendment The McGovern–Hatfield Amendment (alternately, Hatfield–McGovern Amendment) was a proposed amendment to an appropriations bill in 1970 during the Vietnam War that, if passed, would have required the end of United States military operations in the Republic of Vietnam by December 31, 1970 and a complete withdrawal of American forces halfway through the next year. It was the most outstanding defiance of executive power regarding the war prior to 1971. The amendment was proposed by Senators George McGovern of South Dakota and Mark Hatfield of Oregon, and was known as the \"\"amendment to end the war.\"\" The amendment was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "49842", "chunk_text": "\"Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War\"\nSainteny in Paris. After breaking with Johnson's pro-war stance, Robert F. Kennedy entered the race on March 16 and ran for the nomination on an anti-war platform. Johnson's vice president, Hubert Humphrey, also ran for the nomination, promising to continue to support the South Vietnamese government. Protests bringing attention to \"\"the draft\"\" began on May 5, 1965. Student activists at the University of California, Berkeley marched on the Berkeley Draft board and forty students staged the first public burning of a draft card in the United States. Another nineteen cards were burnt on May 22 at a demonstration following the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "856352", "chunk_text": "\"Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War\"\na critical role in bringing the war to an end.\"\" The first effect the opposition had that led to the end of the war was that fewer soldiers were available for the army. The draft was protested and even ROTC programs too. Howard Zinn first provides a note written by a student of Boston University on May 1, 1968, which stated to his draft board, \"\"I have absolutely no intention to report for that exam, or for induction, or to aid in any way the American war effort against the people of Vietnam ...\"\" The opposition to the United States'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19405969", "chunk_text": "\"Indochina Wars\"\nthe NLF forces combat capability, it was, by the intensity of the combats, the contradiction it implied with recent reports of withdrawals of US troops and status of the war, also a turning point in American voter opposition to U.S. support for their Cold War Vietnamese allies. The United States began withdrawing troops from Vietnam in 1970, with the last troops returning in January, 1973. The Paris Peace Accords called for a cease-fire, and prohibited the North Vietnamese from sending more troops into South Vietnam - although the North Vietnamese were permitted to continue to occupy those regions of South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_191	who performed the halftime show at super bowl 51?	n/a	[ "Lady Gaga" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084299", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7435229", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nMVP. This game was also the final game of Peyton Manning's career; the Broncos quarterback, who also won Super Bowl XLI, announced his retirement in March 2016. CBS' broadcast of the game was the third most-watched program in American television history with an average of 111.9 million viewers. The network charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. It remains the highest-rated program in the history of CBS. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by Coldplay, with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084303", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nof California Marching Band. Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, and a troupe of backing dancers (dressed in the style of Michael Jackson) then performed \"\"Uptown Funk\"\". Beyoncé, also in a Jackson-inspired outfit and appearing with a set of backing dancers dressed as Black Panthers, then performed her new single \"\"Formation\"\" in a mass choreographed dance number before joining Mars onstage for a verse of \"\"Uptown Funk\"\". Coldplay played a snippet of \"\"Clocks\"\" during a video montage of past Super Bowl halftime and national anthem performances, including those by Bruce Springsteen, Missy Elliott, Katy Perry, The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Stevie Wonder,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084300", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nsurfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6083314", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nthe league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock band Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"\"Hymn for the Weekend\"\" (which was removed from the setlist before the game), would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson (Mars's collaborator on \"\"Uptown Funk\"\") also performed. Denver took the opening kickoff of Super Bowl 50 and started out strong. Quarterback Peyton Manning completed an 18-yard pass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076614", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nfor the game. This ceremony continued a ten-year tradition (starting with Super Bowl XX and then repeated in Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XL) in which past Super Bowl MVPs were honored before the game. Lady Gaga (accompanied by Alex Smith on piano) sang the national anthem, while Marlee Matlin simultaneously performed an American Sign Language (ASL) version of it. Matlin also signed an a cappella version of \"\"America the Beautiful\"\", which was sung by a U.S. Armed Forces chorus. In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that \"\"multiple acts\"\" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116693", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XXVII halftime show The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show took place on January 31, 1993, at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California, as part of Super Bowl XXVII. It featured American singer Michael Jackson. The halftime show was broadcast on NBC. This halftime performance increased the TV ratings by a significant amount and has been claimed to be one of the most watched events in American television history with 133.4 million viewers. Jackson's performance started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest. After Super Bowl XXVI, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015785", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084309", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nwho \"\"are willing to raise social consciousness and use their artistry to advance social justice.\"\" In attempt to address her own controversy, Beyoncé explained, \"\"I have so much admiration and respect for officers and the families of officers who sacrifice themselves to keep us safe. But let's be clear: I am against police brutality and injustice.\"\" The halftime show became the fourth highest ever watched show in the United States, with total viewership of 115.5 million. Setlist obtained from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084304", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nDiana Ross, James Brown, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, The Black Eyed Peas, U2, Prince, Beyoncé and Mars. The show concluded with the band performing \"\"Fix You\"\" and \"\"Up&Up\"\" with Beyoncé, Mars and everyone taking part in the show. At the end of the performance, the audience participated in a card-stunt creating a rainbow and the phrase, \"\"Believe in love\"\", the closing lyrics to Coldplay's \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\". The performance received generally mixed review from critics, who complimented Beyoncé and Mars' part of the performance but were critical of Coldplay. Jon Caramanica of \"\"The New York Times\"\" stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198899", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé with special guests Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams from Destiny's Child. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It received acclaim from music critics who commented that Beyoncé once more proved her abilities during live performances. It became the then second most watched show in Super Bowl history by garnering 110.8 million viewers. The performance, and the stadium blackout that followed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15540385", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII\"\nPeppers would be joining Mars as halftime show performers. The show opened with a children's choir singing a chorus from \"\"Billionaire.\"\" Afterward, Mars appeared, playing a drum solo. Mars then performed the songs \"\"Locked Out of Heaven\"\", \"\"Treasure\"\", \"\"Runaway Baby\"\", \"\"Give It Away\"\" (with Red Hot Chili Peppers) and \"\"Just the Way You Are\"\" as a tribute to the United States Armed Forces. The halftime performance was the most watched in the history of the Super Bowl drawing in a record 115.3 million viewers, passing the record 114 million who watched Madonna perform two years earlier. It was later revealed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891247", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing \"\"Filthy\"\" in a club setting below the field level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891202", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing the show by January 2017 and had no guest performers. Her sister gave her the idea of performing from atop the NRG Stadium; Gaga worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015805", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nShark\"\". The U.S. Trademark Office rejected her initial attempt to register \"\"Left Shark\"\". Her team initiated litigation against an Orlando, Florida, artist named Fernando Sosa, who had been making 3-D figurines of Left Shark. Set list adapted from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084302", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\n\"\"That's what you're doing?\"\", to which she replied \"\"There's nothing more we can do these last two days. It's gonna be what it's gonna be. So I'm gonna enjoy this bag of Cheetos.\"\" Mars strongly believes that Beyoncé is \"\"coming for you every single time. So you better bring your A-game every time.\"\" The show opened with Chris Martin singing the opening chorus from \"\"Yellow\"\". He was then joined by the remaining band members of Coldplay to perform \"\"Viva la Vida\"\", \"\"Paradise\"\", and \"\"Adventure of a Lifetime\"\" with the Youth Orchestra Los Angeles conducted by Gustavo Dudamel and the University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891246", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nMain performer Creative personnel Vendors Lighting crew Art design team Stage video and projection crew Intel Shooting Star drone team All Access Staging & Productions crew Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318686", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nwas simulcasted on TSN Radio in Canada. In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live returned to coverage after the previous year's NFL broadcaster, Absolute Radio 90s, dropped out of sports coverage. Rocky Boiman and Darren Fletcher return as commentators. Idina Menzel performed the national anthem and John Legend performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. At the start of the halftime show, on-field participants held up light globes which created a bird's-eye view of the Pepsi logo. Perry entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1957974", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nNeedham of \"\"The Guardian\"\" gave the performance four stars, saying that \"\"Queen Bey at the height of her powers effortlessly overwhelmed Coldplay's widescreen anthems in a show that seemed lightweight until she showed up\"\". Robert Bianco of \"\"USA Today\"\" stated that Martin \"\"seemed overwhelmed\"\" by the size of the event, and that despite being a \"\"personable and energetic performer\"\", an \"\"awful lot\"\" of Martin's energy \"\"went into jumping\"\". Bianco praised Beyoncé's appearance and stated that she \"\"stole the show\"\". Wendy Geller of Yahoo! also complimented Beyoncé's and Mars' appearances, but criticized the montage of previous halftime performances, describing it as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116697", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII halftime show\"\n\"\"We Are the World\"\", later joining Jackson as he sang his single \"\"Heal the World\"\". The halftime show was a major success, marking the first time in Super Bowl history that ratings increased between halves during the game.. This performance helped Jackson's latest album \"\"Dangerous\"\" rise 90 places in the album chart. The following songs were performed during the halftime show: Super Bowl XXVII halftime show The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show took place on January 31, 1993, at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California, as part of Super Bowl XXVII. It featured American singer Michael Jackson. The halftime show was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721374", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the history of the Super Bowl, attracting 115.3 million viewers. The show was later surpassed by the following year's Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14526299", "chunk_text": "\"Levi's Stadium\"\nthe proposal, the 49ers withdrew the $15 million offer. The team then gave the city an unsolicited offer of $3 million to help improve various youth athletic fields and facilities, which was cited as a peace offering by \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" columnists Phil Matier and Andrew Ross, and other Bay Area media, but the city council turned the offer down. Super Bowl 50 was held at the stadium on February 7, 2016. The Denver Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10. Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, and Coldplay performed with Beyoncé and Bruno Mars at halftime. Levi's Stadium hosted WWE's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nstage. The modular structure was assembled from a truck, with a large white fabric in front as media screens for Moment Factory. Projection mapping was used by video-hardware manufacturer Barco, with films modified for the spectators and the television audience. The stadium was equipped with Sharpys lighting arrangements from Clay Paky, and the show used Sennheiser sound equipment. Madonna was not paid for performing at the halftime show, which provides global exposure for an artist. The show was a success, setting a Super Bowl halftime-show record of 114 million viewers (higher than the viewership of the game itself). Keith Caulfield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773297", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XL\"\nchoir, performed the national anthem as part of a pre-game tribute to New Orleans, a nine-time Super Bowl host city then in the midst of efforts to rebuild in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. The national anthem was performed in American Sign Language by Angela LaGuardia, a teacher at Michigan School for the Deaf. Tom Brady, MVP of Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII, became the first active player to participate in a Super Bowl coin toss, the result of which toss was tails, as selected by Seattle. The Rolling Stones performed during the halftime show, which was sponsored by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14240936", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVI\"\nby \"\"Askmen.com\"\". Janet Jackson was originally selected to perform at the Halftime Show, but she instead allowed U2 to perform a tribute to the events of September 11 and due to traveling concerns following the tragedy. She performed again for the Super Bowl halftime two years later, when her highly controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident occurred. The Rams scored first midway through the first quarter, with quarterback Kurt Warner completing 6-of-7 passes for 43 yards on a 48-yard, 10-play drive to set up a 50-yard field goal by kicker Jeff Wilkins. At the time, the field goal was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765549", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII\"\nperform it as if it were \"\"a brand new song.\"\" Jennifer Hudson and a chorus of several students from Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, the site of the shooting on December 14, 2012, performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". The coin toss ceremony featured the recent inductees to the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Larry Allen, Cris Carter, Curley Culp, Warren Sapp, Bill Parcells, Jonathan Ogden, and Dave Robinson. On October 16, 2012, Beyoncé was chosen as the headline performer for the Super Bowl halftime show, with a reunited Destiny's Child also appearing as part of the show. Despite initial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767183", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nquickly cut away from the shot. The incident led to fines being issued by the FCC (and a larger crackdown over \"\"indecent\"\" content broadcast on television), and MTV (then a sister to the game's broadcaster that year, CBS, under Viacom) being banned by the NFL from producing the Super Bowl halftime show in the future. In an effort to prevent a repeat of the incident, the NFL held a moratorium on Super Bowl halftime shows featuring pop performers, and instead invited a single, headlining veteran act, such as Paul McCartney, The Who, Prince, and Bruce Springsteen. This practice ended at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12815670", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXX\"\nanniversary of the Challenger disaster, the flyover was done in a Missing Man formation. To honor the 30th Super Bowl game, several past Super Bowl MVPs joined the coin toss ceremony (similar to 10 years earlier in Super Bowl XX, and then subsequently repeated every 10 years thereafter in Super Bowl XL and Super Bowl 50). Joe Montana, MVP of Super Bowls XVI, XIX, and XXIV, tossed the coin. Diana Ross performed during the halftime show, titled \"\"Take Me Higher: A Celebration of 30 years of the Super Bowl\"\". The show featured a number of her songs along with pyrotechnics,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021346", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461576", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nto players and coaches as Roberts ran around the field until players from both competing teams, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers, tackled him. Matt Chatham, the Patriots' special teams expert and reserve linebacker initially knocked Roberts down, thus allowing stadium security and police to arrest Roberts and take him into custody. Aside from Jackson's exposure, minor controversy around the show's other performances included rappers P. Diddy and Nelly gesturing towards their crotches, stripping cheerleaders, and musician Kid Rock appearing in a poncho made from a slit American flag, which he later threw towards the audience. U.S. Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12816891", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXV\"\nparticipating teams introduced collectively as a team, instead of introducing them individually by player. The halftime show was produced by MTV, then a sister network of CBS, and featured Aerosmith, 'N Sync, Britney Spears, Nelly, Mary J. Blige, and Tremors featuring The Earthquake Horns. The show featured a back-and-forth medley between Aerosmith and 'N Sync, featuring the songs \"\"Jaded\"\" and \"\"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\"\" by Aerosmith (the former song was from their then-upcoming album \"\"Just Push Play\"\") and \"\"Bye Bye Bye\"\" and \"\"It's Gonna Be Me\"\" by 'N Sync. The show ended with all of the performers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767182", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nnational anthem at Super Bowl XXV in 1991, during the Gulf War, had long been regarded as one of the best renditions of the anthem in history. Then, in an historic, groundbreaking, and emotional performance prior to Super Bowl XLVIII, soprano Renee Fleming became the first opera singer to perform the anthem, propelling FOX to the highest ratings of any program in its history, and remains so today. The halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII attracted controversy, following an incident in which Justin Timberlake removed a piece of Janet Jackson's top, briefly exposing one of her breasts before the broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084305", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nColdplay \"\"acted more as a stagehand than an actual performer\"\" while Beyoncé's section of the performance was \"\"the night's true event\"\". Caramanica also noted that Beyoncé and Mars \"\"outsang\"\" Martin during the closing part of the performance. Andrew Barker of \"\"Variety\"\" similarly noted that \"\"Coldplay seemed resigned to politely allowing themselves to be played right off their own stage\"\" by the \"\"far flashier\"\" Mars and Beyoncé. In a review for Fox Sports, Chris Chase panned Coldplay's performance, calling it \"\"inexplicable, indecipherable, and unnecessary\"\" and a \"\"musical snooze\"\". Chase complimented Beyoncé's and Mars' appearances but described the performance as \"\"boring\"\". Alex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116696", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII halftime show\"\nthe highest television interview in history. Jackson started his halftime performance by first appearing at the top of the stadium's two jumbotrons (using body doubles). Jackson then rocketed from center stage and stood completely still and silent for almost two minutes before beginning his performance. Jackson's performance included a medley consisting of \"\"Jam\"\" (with the beginning of \"\"Why You Wanna Trip On Me\"\"), \"\"Billie Jean\"\" and \"\"Black or White\"\". The finale featured an audience card stunt, a video montage showing Jackson participating in various humanitarian efforts around the world, and a choir of 3,500 local Los Angeles area children singing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13559189", "chunk_text": "\"Halftime show\"\nis the highlight of the event and can cost millions to stage. On February 1, 2004, the live halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVIII, produced by music video giant MTV, sparked outrage among many viewers when Justin Timberlake, one of the performers, exposed fellow performer Janet Jackson's right breast in what was later dubbed a \"\"wardrobe malfunction\"\". Since it was broadcast live, the exposure was seen by millions when it happened. In Canada, the halftime show for the Grey Cup is a highlight of the event and can cost millions to stage. Performers over the years have included Lenny Kravitz,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15219870", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nSeptember 12, 2015. At the start of the halftime show, on-field participants held up light globes which created a bird's-eye view of Pepsi's famous logo. Perry entered the stadium riding atop a large, golden mechanical lion, opening her set with a performance of \"\"Roar\"\". She then proceeded to sing \"\"Dark Horse\"\", with 3D rendering on the field creating a chessboard visual where the turf constantly turned into \"\"different shapes and sizes\"\", as acrobats surrounded the singer. Following this, Perry joined Lenny Kravitz for a duet version of \"\"I Kissed a Girl\"\", which included her \"\"rubbing up against\"\" Kravitz and flames", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14329404", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIV\"\ntouchdown, to clinch the victory. New Orleans quarterback Drew Brees, who completed 32 of 39 passes for 288 yards and two touchdowns, was named the Super Bowl MVP. His 32 completions tied a Super Bowl record set by Tom Brady in Super Bowl XXXVIII. The live broadcast of the game on CBS was watched by an average U.S. audience of 106.5 million viewers, making it then the most-watched Super Bowl. The National Anthem was sung by Carrie Underwood, and the halftime show featured the British rock band The Who. Super Bowl XLIV was the last Bowl to have a uniquely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220159", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVIII\"\nmusician Charlie Daniels, and the Morehouse College Marching Band. The United States Trampoline Association (USTA) performed on 4 trampolines during \"\"Jump-Jump\"\" performed by Kris Kross. Later, singer Natalie Cole, accompanied by the Atlanta University Center Chorus, sang the national anthem. To honor the 25th anniversary of the New York Jets' upset win in Super Bowl III, that game's MVP, former Jets quarterback Joe Namath joined the coin toss ceremony. The halftime show was titled \"\"Rockin' Country Sunday\"\" and featured country music stars Clint Black, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, and Wynonna Judd. The show's finale included a special appearance by Naomi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4156261", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII\"\nwith a joint performance by marching bands the Spirit of Houston, from the University of Houston, and the \"\"Ocean of Soul\"\" of Texas Southern University. Next, Janet Jackson made her first appearance, singing \"\"All for You\"\". Then, P. Diddy, Nelly, and Kid Rock appeared respectively, and performed a mixture of their hits. After Jackson's performance of her song \"\"Rhythm Nation\"\", Justin Timberlake appeared, and he and Jackson sang a duet of Timberlake's song \"\"Rock Your Body\"\". The performance featured many suggestive dance moves by both Timberlake and Jackson. As the song reached the final line, \"\"I'm gonna have you naked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1168407", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\nDoubt, and Sting were featured during the halftime show, which was sponsored by AT&T Wireless. Twain sang her hits \"\"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!\"\" and \"\"Up!\"\". No Doubt then sang their hit \"\"Just a Girl\"\" with lead singer Gwen Stefani ad-libbing lines like \"\"I'm just a girl at the Super Bowl!\"\" The show concluded with Sting performing \"\"Message in a Bottle\"\", with Stefani joining in midway through. Bon Jovi appeared as part of the post-game ceremonies, performing \"\"It's My Life\"\" prior to the Vince Lombardi Trophy presentation and \"\"Everyday\"\" afterwards (most of the latter performance was not shown on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14216874", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXII\"\nBowl XXII\"\"; and was the first such highlight film to feature former Boston and Buffalo radio personality Jeff Kaye as its narrator. The pregame festivities featured a tribute to entertainer Bob Hope, who was approaching the age of 85. Trumpeter Herb Alpert performed \"\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\", while Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Don Hutson participated in the coin toss ceremony (the game happened to coincide with Hutson's 75th birthday). Alpert's performance was the last non-vocal performance of the National Anthem in a Super Bowl to date. The halftime show, produced by Radio City Music Hall, was titled \"\"Something", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773298", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XL\"\nAmerican telecommunications company Sprint. The group performed three songs: \"\"Start Me Up\"\", \"\"Rough Justice\"\", and \"\"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\"\" (where Mick Jagger wryly quipped at the song introduction, \"\"Here's one we could have done at Super Bowl I\"\"). In the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy with Janet Jackson two years earlier, ABC and the NFL imposed a five-second delay and censored lyrics considered too sexually explicit in the first two songs by briefly turning off Jagger's microphone; the group had previously agreed to the censoring. However, the choice of the Rolling Stones sparked controversy in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340184", "chunk_text": "MTV\nhalftime show, with performances by such artists as Nelly, Diddy, Janet Jackson, and Justin Timberlake. The show became controversial, however, after Timberlake tore off part of Jackson's outfit while performing \"\"Rock Your Body\"\" with her, revealing her right breast. All involved parties apologized for the incident, and Timberlake referred to the incident as a \"\"wardrobe malfunction\"\". Michael Powell, former chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, ordered an investigation the day after broadcast. In the weeks following the halftime show, MTV censored much of its programming. Several music videos, including \"\"This Love\"\" and \"\"I Miss You\"\", were edited for sexual content.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nNo players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony. World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin. Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band \"\"The Tennessee Kids\"\" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band. Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204096", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nthe event. In addition, popular singers and musicians including Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Justin Timberlake, Beyoncé, Janet Jackson, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Whitney Houston, and Lady Gaga have performed during the event's pre-game and halftime ceremonies. For four decades after its 1920 inception, the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, it encountered its most serious competitor when the American Football League (AFL) was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans. The original \"\"bowl game\"\" was the Rose Bowl Game in Pasadena, California, which was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076608", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nits late-night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special live episode of \"\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\"\" following the game, with a sketch featuring a pre-recorded appearance by Barack Obama, and guests Will Ferrell, Tina Fey, Margot Robbie, and Megyn Kelly. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of \"\"The Late Late Show with James Corden\"\". With an average TV audience of 111.9 million, the game was the third most-watched Super Bowl—and third most-watched U.S. program—in history, according to the Nielsen ratings. It was also the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7043088", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLV\"\nBoom Pow\"\", \"\"Pump It\"\", \"\"The Time (Dirty Bit)\"\", \"\"Let's Get It Started\"\", and \"\"Where Is the Love?\"\" Slash made a guest appearance, performing \"\"Sweet Child o' Mine\"\" with Fergie, while Usher made an appearance to perform his song \"\"OMG\"\" with will.i.am. The show also displayed a long list of other performers, including Prairie View A&M University's \"\"Marching Storm\"\" Band. Country music was originally in the planning until the Black Eyed Peas agreed to perform. After the first three drives of the game ended with punts, Green Bay opened up the scoring with Aaron Rodgers's 29-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427870", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nof the cape, they had to re-do it for the singer. The performance featured 500 outfits customized for LMFAO, Minaj, M.I.A., Green, 100 drumline performers, 150 gladiators (who wore black Calvin Klein underwear) and 200 choir singers. The 1,500 crew members were allotted seven minutes to set up the stage, with the California-based Torrence All Access Staging and Productions handling the required equipment. Erik Eastland of the company, who oversaw the setup, had been associated with the Grammy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards. About 70 percent of the workers were volunteers who underwent six months of screening, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721378", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nKirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. Mars and his eight-piece band, The Hooligans, were dressed in clothes custom created by Saint Laurent by Hedi Slimane. Prince, Michael Jackson and James Brown used the same style in clothes; Mars worked a retro gold lame jacket paired with a white shirt, black trousers and a matching skinny tie. Mars made history at the Super Bowl XLVIII Halftime Show as the youngest artist ever to serve as the sole NFL Super Bowl Halftime headliner. He opened the show with a drum solo on a kit designed to honor his late mother, Bernadette Hernandez.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461587", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nStones, Prince, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, and The Who (McCartney, the Stones and The Who were all part of the British Invasion of the 1960s). In fact, no women performed at the Super Bowl halftime show at all until The Black Eyed Peas performed in 2011. In 2012, during the halftime show for Super Bowl XLVI, rapper M.I.A. pointed up her middle finger during her performance. That incident drew comparisons with the exposure of Janet Jackson's breast in the Super Bowl halftime show eight years prior. The Associated Press asserted that people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_192	who lives in the blue house in balamory?	n/a	[ "Edie McCredie" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5391056", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nwears blue) and PC Plum (who lives in the white house but wears a police uniform). Each character also has one or more individual songs. The nursery teacher Miss Hoolie is the framing character and narrator for each episode. She introduces the programme and the problem which needs to be solved and summarises the story at the end of the episode. Archie the Inventor builds zany creations from household objects, such as boxes, bottles, yoghurt pots, string, and similar items that young children might typically use in craft projects. His inventions are intended to be useful, but sometimes backfire. Josie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5391058", "chunk_text": "Balamory\na crime free village. He spends most of his time watching wildlife and using his detective skills, to figure out what the animals have been doing. He is also particularly interested in rules, regulations, and safety. Spencer is officially responsible for painting the coloured houses of Balamory, but also paints pictures and creates music. His painter's ladder is musical, each rung sounding a different note. Spencer is also the only American to reside in Balamory Suzie Sweet and Penny Pocket together run the village shop and cafe. Suzie Sweet is an older, grandmotherly figure who loves to tell customers about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5391059", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nthe items in the shop. Penny Pocket is a young woman who uses a wheelchair; she has a talent for mathematics. A typical episode follows this general plan: The opening credits show the town of \"\"Balamory\"\" with its brightly coloured houses. Miss Hoolie opens the nursery school, greets the nursery children, and talks about that day's weather. One of the other characters (who will be the main character of that episode) tells Miss Hoolie about a problem. This character then sings \"\"Which Coloured House Are We Going To?\"\", asking the young viewers to guess which of the Balamory characters will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5391055", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nepisodes was shown for two brief seasons in the United States on the Discovery Kids channel. It was also shown on TLC. In Ireland, episodes were shown until recently on weekdays on RTÉ Two's \"\"The Den\"\" and continue to be shown on \"\"The Den\"\"'s replacement, \"\"RTÉjr\"\". There are eight central characters in \"\"Balamory\"\". Each character wears a distinctive colour of clothing like pink or yellow, and lives in a house of the same colour. For example, Archie lives in a pink castle and wears a pink jumper. Exceptions are Penny Pocket (who shares the red house/shop with Suzie Sweet, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13247106", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nbe most helpful in solving the problem. The main character then proceeds to visit several other characters until the problem is solved. Miss Hoolie and the main character provide a summary of the story at each point, and a final recap at the end of the episode. For example, in one episode Josie Jump has been asked to look after a neighbour's rabbit, but does not know what it needs. She is advised to visit PC Plum, who advises her to feed it vegetables. She then goes to the shop run by Pocket and Sweet to buy rabbit food, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5391057", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nJump is the fitness instructor at the primary school next door to Miss Hoolie's nursery school. She plays and coaches all types of gymnastics, sports, and dance, and encourages the young viewers to exercise. She is also talented at storytelling through expressive movement and dance. Edie McCredie drives the nursery school bus. She has travelled all over the world, and has a variety of photographs and souvenirs to talk about. She is also an expert driver and motor mechanic, and occasionally gets exasperated with other road users. Police officer PC Plum aspires to be a master detective, but Balamory is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3214316", "chunk_text": "\"Leave It to Beaver\"\ndining room, living room, den) on the ground floor and at least three bedrooms on the second floor. None of the furnishings from the Mapleton Drive house appear in the new house. Reproductions of Gainsborough's \"\"The Blue Boy\"\" and Lawrence's \"\"Pinkie\"\" hang in the front entry above graceful bergères. An upholstered wing chair at the edge of the hearth in the living room is covered in a chinoiserie print. During the final episode at the Mapleton Drive house, the boys announce they are excited for the move as the new house will afford them their own separate bedrooms. Yet in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181597", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nsong. Josie Jump, Spencer arrive at Pocket and Sweet's for cameras and binoculars. Then Josie Jump, Edie, Pocket and Sweet, Spencer, PC Plum, Miss Hoolie, Archie and the children go to the mainland to Hartlepool up Christ Church Tower. Archie's castle tower and Josie Jumps' tower. They take pictures of everything. Archie gets confused by his latest invention, but someone helps him find a solution. Chaos reigns when fun and games get out of control at Miss Hoolie's house. They take the children to the proper bowling alley on the mainland. PC Plum takes the children on a puddle walk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13181093", "chunk_text": "\"Mister Monday\"\nTo save the Lower House, he must kill Mister Monday and steal the other half of the key, of which is the Hour Hand, from him. He is accompanied during the most of his journey by a cockney girl-child named Suzy Turquoise Blue, who was brought to the House by the Piper (one of the immortal Denizens of the House) along with many other children. There, too, he learns something of the House's history: The Architect and the Old One came from nothing to create the universe. Unfortunately, the Architect's consort, the Old One, acts in the role of Prometheus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8390968", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nand toddlers with their buggies and prams to soft play in the big city, but is worried that she'll get lost. When Edie arrives she is out of puff. She has been rushing around doing jobs for Archie. She even eats all of Miss Hoolie's biscuits! Archie asks her to pick up the game he had invented. Poor Edie has to return to Archie's castle to take him out again! This time there are no biscuits. Archie gets out of puff searching for biscuits and Edie is far too tired to go to the shop. They need someone to get", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13247101", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nBalamory Balamory is a British educational live action children's series on BBC One, BBC Two and CBeebies for pre-school children, about a fictional small island community called \"\"Balamory\"\" in Scotland. It was produced between 2002 and 2005 by BBC Scotland, with 254 episodes made (including a DVD exclusive Christmas episode). The series was created by Brian Jameson. \"\"Balamory\"\" was filmed mostly in Tobermory on the Isle of Mull, with the exception of scenes at Archie's castle filmed at Fenton Tower in North Berwick, and other scenes, such as the nursery and Camden and filmed in Glasgow. A select series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181582", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nthat her sausages are missing. She asks PC Plum to solve the mystery. He thinks a dog had taken them, but it was Edie's fault for leaving the door open. Edie takes Miss Hoolie and the children to the farm to feed the animals, and they have a lovely time. The McLeods' dog James however, isn't hungry, because he is full of sausages. PC Plum is organising a gospel choir performance at the nursery. But he spends so much time practicing his singing that he neglects his police work - leaving Penny to solve a mystery involving missing flowers. Josie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6770113", "chunk_text": "\"June Cleaver\"\nor icing a cake. Her kitchen is immaculate. Like most TV middle class sitcom families of the era, the Cleavers eat breakfast and lunch in the kitchen while their dinners are full scale affairs in the dining room. June's taste in home furnishings tends toward British upper class traditional. The front hall in the Pine Street house is adorned with reproductions of Gainsborough's \"\"The Blue Boy\"\" and Lawrence's \"\"\"\" while two fauteuils grace either side of the hall door. A Monet hangs on one wall; a Constable hangs in the living room. A wing chair in the living room is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12131009", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 4)\"\nplaying a game of hunt the thimble with the children, which leads to Josie organising an unusual treasure hunt with a little help from PC Plum and a lobster fisherman. Josie learns about how floats help fishermen locate their lobster pots. It's Sports Day at the Balamory Nursery, and Josie Jump is determined to win the Big Golden Sports Day Cup. It's a snowy day in Balamory so PC Plum banishes the winter blues by relieving his summer holiday. Everybody everybody song Pc plum snow coloured houses song Cheer you up song Island in the sun song Josie does some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13247108", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nintroduced. In the run starting from September 2004, new songs were introduced. These songs are longer and take up more time in the episode, so the old songs were still often used. In addition to the character specific songs mentioned in the \"\"Characters\"\" section, there are two general songs: Very few episodes feature actors other than the main characters and the nursery children. Terry Wogan made a guest appearance in one episode (\"\"The Game Show\"\") as a television director. This episode also featured Greg Hemphill (Julie Wilson Nimmo's husband in real life) and John Altman, who plays Nick Cotton in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9344844", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 4)\"\ndance, and Edie suggests they try to catch a butterfly with nets. PC Plum intervenes to protect the butterflies from harm, and has an alternative for Josie. Katie McLeod is getting married and PC Plum is the best man. Archie is driving them to Abbey Island and Edie is recording the wedding but when Archie's car breaks down outside the police station, it is up to Edie to save the day. Edie helps the children celebrate the harvest. Penny Pocket shows how to organise a house move, but will everything work out? Miss Hoolie gets help teaching French. There is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6453929", "chunk_text": "\"The Blue Castle\"\nan explanatory note, she goes into his secret room and finds that he is also John Foster, the author of her favorite books. She writes the note and leaves behind the necklace. Valancy reveals to her family that Barney is a millionaire and the son of the famous Dr. Redfern, as well as John Foster to boot. Barney's millionaire status instantly erases any misgivings her family had about him, and they are determined that Barney and Valancy must stay together. Barney rushes to the house to see Valancy and asks her to come back. At first she refuses, believing that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12994584", "chunk_text": "\"Baleroy Mansion\"\nreason. People, including family members, housekeepers, visitors, and even renovators, claim to have seen these ghosts. Others have allegedly seen or heard 1930s phantom cars that drove up the long and narrow drive way into the estate's parking area, but when they went to look there was nothing to see. In the infamous blue room of the mansion, a 200-year-old blue chair known as the \"\"chair of death\"\" is said to be cursed. It has been said that when someone sits in it, the person dies. About four people are said to have died, and Easby then banned people from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11767740", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nin the forest. When PC Plum gets money stuck to his bottom at Pocket and Sweet's, Penny tries to go after him, but finds it hard to catch up. She calls on Edie to go after PC Plum on her bus. This gives Penny an idea of a new game for the children at the nursery. Suzie and Penny take Miss Hoolie to the dog's home to see Tootsie. PC Plum suggests that she could share a dog instead of owning one, and thus take it for walks when she wants. Archie invents an energy machine with titanium for Miss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11767727", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nchocolate but that makes him worse. Penny helps him to breathe deeply then Josie Jump teaches him some exercises to help calm him down.<br> It is PC Plums birthday, and he and Miss Hoolie are going to an Italian restaurant on the mainland to celebrate. But when Edie calls PC Plum out on an emergency, he and Miss Hoolie end up missing the ferry. So she and Miss Hoolie organise an Italian restaurant in Miss Hoolie's house. Only the food is missing. So they call on Suzie to make original Italian spaghetti.<br> Josie is meant to be taking the mums", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181581", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nthe island looks like from the air.<br> Miss Hoolie faces a dilemma when she makes too many promises of taking people to the beach.<br> Edie comes to the nursery to remind Miss Hoolie about a trip to the farm. She is in a hurry because she has so much to do. She goes to buy some sausages and a birthday card. She is in a rush and drops things all over. She posts her card, but when she returns to her bus, she realises she had left the door open. PC Plum isn't pleased. When she gets home, she sees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181589", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nof Balamory for the nursery wall. PC Plum is on the case when lots of things start to go missing in Balamory, but he is surprised to discover who the culprit is. As they collect boxes for the Balamory nursery. PC Plum has arranged to take Miss Hoolie whale-watching. Spencer makes them a whale chart so that they can tell the different types of whales apart, but PC Plum accidentally drops the smelly sandwiches on the floor. Suzie saves the day, by making up a picnic hamper for them. Penny Pocket organises a boat race for her sailing company. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13374641", "chunk_text": "\"The Thief of Always\"\nis also a woman, Mrs. Griffin, who cooks all the meals for the children. She is very nice and sweet. However, he eventually starts to suspect that the house is not as perfect as it seems. Upon investigation, Harvey discovers that the house's creator, Mr. Hood, has sucked all of the children's souls away and turned them into fish, imprisoning them in a dark, gloomy lake. After that, Harvey and Wendell are trapped in the house, and escape by following a cat named Blue-Cat through the mist barrier that constantly surrounds the property of the house at night. When both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11767732", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\ngoes to Josie's, who has recently joined the sailing group. Josie is nervous and Penny makes her calm down with big shouting but it gives her a sore throat. Having to shout after the boat, she calls Archie to make some magic. He makes a paper megaphone to make Penny's voice bigger, and he sticks it beside a yoghurt pot and to Penny's wheelchair with two sticks. It's Josie's birthday. The nursery celebrates the Light Festival, a very special day for Josie. Josie goes skiing. PC Plum investigates the disappearance of Roddy Macleod's cow, Alison. Spencer helps out, PC Plum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8390969", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nthem back on their feet and fit! Josie tells them they need exercise and healthy food. Miss Hoolie, Archie, Edie and the children get plenty of exercise in the nursery with Josie and enjoy playing with Archie's invention. Archie tries to fix Edie's bus. Miss Hoolie and her visitors are meant to tour Balamory on Edie's bus, but it develops a problem that even Archie can't fix. Edie goes missing in the snow. PC Plum goes out in the snow to find Edie before the steel band concert begins. Suzie organises a five-a-side football match, and Penny helps to referee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8697324", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 4)\"\nto see a big truck parade, but they accidentally leave Spencer behind as he wants to come too. Suzie and Penny reorganise the shop, but some crossed wires causes problems when the fruit delivery to the shop goes wrong. It's raining so PC Plum has to cancel a nature walk. Instead he comes up with another way of helping the children enjoy the magic of nature. Josie is organising a musical, but which famous resident of Balamory will feature in it? Miss Hoolie's cat proves less than cooperative when Spencer tries to paint him for the children. Miss Hoolie is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11767735", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\ntakes them to Edie, but she has a lot already, and has no room for any more. She discovers that they make a great sound when you bang them together, and suggests PC Plum take them to Spencer- he may be able to make them into a musical instrument. Spencer shows PC Plum how to make a \"\"wind-clacker\"\" for the nursery garden. Josie Jump decides to tell the children a story about Anansi the spider, although Miss Hoolie appears to be arachnophobic. Archie makes Josie a model spider from yoghurt pots. Today, the famous fiddle player Shiona Docherty comes to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5391061", "chunk_text": "Balamory\nfinally brings the rabbit to Miss Hoolie's nursery for the children to feed and pat it. Each episode of Balamory contains at least five songs: The programme was aimed at pre schoolers. The show can also be seen in a humorous light. The characters in Balamory are somewhat naive and light hearted, often appearing to be children trapped in adult bodies with adult roles. The storyline revolves around simple problems designed to challenge pre-schoolers' minds. There are many songs in Balamory, mainly sung by the actors. These songs are used consistently throughout the series, when corresponding characters or circumstances are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5055616", "chunk_text": "\"The Blue Castle\"\nroom and rebuild their friendship. Valancy enjoys being paid a salary and spends her money in ways her family would not approve of, such as purchasing a brightly colored, low-necked dress. She also begins spending time with Barney Snaith, who visits often and is friends with Cissy, but who the townspeople are convinced is either a criminal or the father of Cissy's deceased child. Just before the end of her life, Cissy confides in Valancy about the man she fell in love with. He offered to marry her when she told him she was pregnant, but she refused because she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181599", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nHoolie. Then they learn different types of energy in the nursery. It's a foggy day in Balamory today and Edie tells Archie he's ironing some blankets for ghosts. Miss Hoolie, Edie and Archie dresses up as ghosts in the nursery. Balamory (series 3) This article contains episode information and plot summaries from the British television programme \"\"Balamory\"\". Season Three was broadcast on 20th September 2004. Edie McCredie and Archie come with a way of how they can hide themselves while deer spotting, but it causes chaos around the town.<br> Josie Jump searches for special building blocks to help her tell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16173321", "chunk_text": "\"Lady Friday\"\nsentence may remind readers of the suggestion raised in Sir Thursday by Dame Primus that the Trustees are wittingly or unwittingly part of a plan to destroy the House, and itself makes the suggestion that the sender believes the House to be doomed. Arthur Penhaligon- Rightful heir to the Architect, Master of the Lower House, Lord of the Far Reaches, Duke of the Border Sea, Overlord of the Great Maze, Commander of the Glorious Army of the Architect and Master of the Middle House. Suzy Turquoise Blue- Monday's Tierce and Piper's child. Fred Initial Numbers Gold- Lieutenant in the Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8390970", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nthe match in the sports hall.<br> The nursery holds a street party, but Miss Hoolie and Spencer worry that it's too cold for anyone to come. Archie invents a fantastic rhyme machine. Miss Hoolie suggests they use it to tell a story. Josie, however, suggests they use it to make a song. Spencer comes up with a tune, and then Archie and Josie host a sing-along at the nursery. Josie is very excited about testing Archie's new rhyme machine, but the duo need help putting the finishing touches to the invention.<br> Miss Hoolie wants Spencer to paint a large picture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1242955", "chunk_text": "\"Dougal and the Blue Cat\"\nhim to the bridge to meet the other animals, Dougal becomes jealous of the attention directed toward Buxton, and suspicious that the blue cat's arrival might be related to the strange event from the previous night. Sure enough, no one is aware that the blue cat plots to take over the garden. Sometime later, after taking a nap in Dougal's bed (which Dougal objected), Buxton sneaks off to the treacle factory. He introduces himself to the Blue Voice a.k.a. Madam Blue (played by Fenella Fielding), who wants to turn everything in the world blue (and everything that isn't blue will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13852361", "chunk_text": "\"Pastures of the Blue Crane\"\nthe ramshackle old pensioner are clearly at odds, yet both are curious about the farm and agree to take the train together and visit their property. The pair are captivated by the beautiful, almost tropical landscape, and soon its luxuriance begins to work its magic on lonely, isolated Ryl and tetchy Dusty. Too young for university, and with nothing else to do in the meantime, Ryl renovates the old farmhouse and makes of it the first real home she has ever had. She makes new friends, including the mysterious taxi driver, Perry. To her astonishment, she finds relatives her father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3976576", "chunk_text": "Manasellam\nhouse. Malar (Trisha) stays opposite this house and the bachelors are crazy about her. They are scared if the handsome and generous Bala will try to woo her and so they hatch a plot and frame him, so that Malar’s two brothers beat him up black and blue. Three strangers, who claim to be his true friends from Hyderabad, save an unconscious Bala. Now the true identity of Bala is told in a flashback by these friends, that he is a rich son of an industrialist (Rajeev and Fathima Babu). Malar saves Bala from an accident and soon they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10841700", "chunk_text": "\"The House (The Keys to the Kingdom)\"\nHouse, the Far Reaches, the Border Sea, the Great Maze, the Middle House, the Upper House and the Incomparable Gardens. The House's physical appearance in the Secondary Realms is described as a vast building featuring many different architectural styles, which often appear to be brought together at random. Its physical location differs; Arthur first sees it near his own residence, and his friend Leaf sees it above a hospital. Arthur, Leaf, and Leaf's ally Sylvie are the only mortals shown to see the House, each by a different means: Arthur can see it presumably because he is the Heir of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3296292", "chunk_text": "\"House of Anubis\"\ngiven to Amber. When Amber leaves for fashion school, Sibuna is revived with Eddie as a leader and Fabian, K.T., Patricia and Alfie as members. They find out that the adults are trying to reawaken a sleeping Robert Frobisher-Smythe, with Denby being the \"\"Keeper\"\" [she keeps Frobisher in the tank room in the gatehouse (her home on the school property)], Victor being the \"\"Enabler\"\", and Mr. Sweet being the \"\"Seeker\"\". The Sibunas discover that Miss Harriet Denby's name is actually Caroline. Her sister is actually Harriet – and the original Keeper. However, she is locked in a mental hospital because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4054887", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 4)\"\nentertaining him. PC Plum goes on holiday. Miss Hoolie has friends coming to visit, so she organises a special picnic for them to feel at home. Suzie gets in a muddle as she tries to help Edie teach the children about birds-of-paradise. PC Plum is getting married, and Penny, Suzie and Archie bring a wooden carriage along for the wedding. Granny McLeod comes to visit the children in the nursery, and keeps them laughing. It's a very hot day, so Archie invents a machine to keep everybody cool, but Edie has other plans. A trip is organised to the mainland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7687709", "chunk_text": "\"Boy Blue (Fables)\"\nwith this dedication in mind and reunited the Fable community, in turmoil due to conflicts involving Geppetto's rights as a citizen of Fabletown. After Blue's death, the non-human Farm Fables, particularly Stinky the Badger, elevate Blue to quasi-religious status, wearing blue scarves as signs of their devotion. Stinky preaches with great conviction that Blue will one day return to usher in an age of great peace and equality. When Jack Horner returns to the farm during \"\"The Great Fables Crossover,\"\" Stinky and some others mistake him for the returning Blue in disguise. Jack is quick to take advantage of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6924926", "chunk_text": "\"The Blue Castle\"\nthey have imposed on her. She begins by judging them objectively, and worse, telling them exactly what she thinks, causing the Stirling clan to conclude that Valancy has suddenly lost her mind. Valancy decides to move out of her mother's house and take a position as a housekeeper for a friend of hers who is now gravely ill, Cissy Gay. Cissy and Valancy had known each other as children, but Cissy became ostracized from society for having a child out of wedlock, and because of her father, Roaring Abel, and his reckless, sometimes drunken behavior. Cissy and Valancy share a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3181596", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\nstuff. Josie Jump and Archie assist. But who can help Giggles bake custard pies? Of course! Suzie Sweet! But will Suzie allow good food be thrown? PC Plum tries to solve the mystery of why coloured spots have appeared around town. PC Plum learns how important it is to be responsible when he tries to juggle his job with helping out at the nursery. Edie hears some strange noises outside her house this morning. She eventually finds out that the noises were coming from Spencer's new music machine, which he brings to the nursery to teach the children a humming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5053058", "chunk_text": "\"Blue Ice (video game)\"\nbefore he comes of age and inherits it. During this kingless period, it is stated that 'time stops'. The player's goal is to teach Edward that the laws are fuelling suffering and unhappiness in the kingdom, including his own. To do this, the player must complete tasks related to five pleasures of life - art, music, food, love and nature - that were otherwise restricted and shackled by laws. In the king's residence are the servants to Edward - the cook, Daisy Scraggend; her daughter, Pollyanna; and Olly, a farmhand. The final character in the game is Hope - a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18719732", "chunk_text": "\"Captain Bluebear\"\na Chromobear (\"\"Buntbär\"\") and thus belongs to a fictional race of ursines who inhabit the continent of Zamonia, which became a regular setting for most of Moers' fantasy novels. \"\"The 13½ Lives of Captain Bluebear\"\" is presented as the autobiography of its eponymous hero, which nevertheless covers only the first half of his 27 lives—implying that the other half is covered by the television episodes and making the novel a kind of origin story for the character. The novel ends with Bluebear rescuing his fellow Chromobears from slavery. The Chromobears (although not Bluebear himself) return in Moers' second Zamonia novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12937218", "chunk_text": "\"Beaver Cleaver\"\nis an engineer who had experience as a Seabee. June is a full-time homemaker. In the second season, Wally is a high-school student. Being five years older than the Beaver, he often acts as a bridge between his parents and his brother. He puts communications from the parents into kidspeak for the Beaver, and keeps his parents apprised of the Beaver's plans, feelings, and activities. The Cleavers dwell in a spacious house on Mapleton Drive during the first two seasons. They moved to a similar house on nearby Pine Street for the remaining four seasons. The family drives a 1957", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12742311", "chunk_text": "\"Tobermory, Mull\"\nmovie was filmed in the town and other parts of Mull. The writer Saki gave the name to a talking cat in one of his most famous short stories and two well-loved children's TV series have made use of the town's name. Elisabeth Beresford called one of the Wombles 'Tobermory', and more recently the town played host to its almost-namesake \"\"Balamory\"\" for three years (2002–2005). Other films made in the area include the 1945 Powell and Pressburger classic \"\"I Know Where I'm Going!\"\". In the 44 Scotland Street series by Alexander McCall Smith (1933 - ) volume 7 titled \"\"Bertie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8324989", "chunk_text": "\"Sinyushka's Well\"\nnot to call himself \"\"translator\"\", he believed that \"\"communicator\"\" was more appropriate. He translated the title as \"\"The Blue Baba of the Marsh\"\". The factory guy Ilya walks through the forest and comes across a water well. He wants to drink some water, but suddenly a crone comes out of the well. Her name is The Blue Crone (Sinyushka). She looks very old, but has young voice and good-looking teeth. She orders Ilya to come back at night when a moon is full and promises to shower him with riches. Ilya is not interested in money, he wishes to see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8390973", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 3)\"\ninvestigates a peculiar disappearance during a snowy day. A puddle inspires Archie to create a reflecting machine. He goes to Pocket and Sweet's to buy some things that reflect. Suzie finds lots of things, but in the end all Archie takes is a bicycle mirror, and a mop and bucket. He makes the machine, but then can't think of a game to play using it- he has promised Miss Hoolie he will use the machine to play a game with the children. Can Josie Jump save the day? PC Plum is organising Hunky Dory in Balamory. PC Plum investigates strange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1840609", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 4)\"\na sand sculpture festival at the beach and Spencer is organising it. He goes to the cafe to catch the bus to go and then he realises that he forgot to organise the bus. He goes to Edie McCredie to organise the bus but she is planning to go windsurfing. After telling her about the food. She agrees to organise the bus. When they get back to the cafe. Spencer realises that he forgot to organise the food. It is up to Suzie sweet to help. Penny and Pocket create a video guide for their shop. The shop has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20776415", "chunk_text": "Housebound\nAmos discover that her neighbour uses a retainer, Kylie breaks into the man's house and wakes him as she attempts to take his retainer. After she flees back to the family's home and hides in the basement, Kylie panics when she believes the neighbour to be stalking her, and she accidentally stabs Graeme, who has also entered the basement. As Graeme recuperates in the hospital, Amos in turn attempts to break into her neighbour's house. The neighbour says that he is not the killer, and he tells the story of a young savant, Eugene, whom he adopted. Eugene is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8697330", "chunk_text": "\"Balamory (series 4)\"\nable to put his fabulous new measuring invention to good use Archie takes a memorable trip to the optician. PC Plum offers to get a photograph of an eagle for Miss Hoolie to show the kids in the nursery. However, he's having a busy day and needs help to find the elusive eagle. Archie's kilt is a bit draughty. Josie Jump decides to teach \"\"Ballroom Dancing\"\" in her dance class, she tries to dance with Miss Hoolie but she steps on her toes, she then tries PC Plum but she then steps on her toes. Archie the inventor meets Josie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_193	when was the worlds first laptop computer introduced in the market and by whom?	n/a	[ "September 1980", "R2E Micral CCMC" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191159", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nAnother notable computer was the Cambridge Z88, designed by Clive Sinclair, introduced in 1988. About the size of an A4 sheet of paper as well, it ran on standard batteries, and contained basic spreadsheet, word processing, and communications programs. It anticipated the future miniaturization of the portable computer, and as a ROM-based machine with a small display, can – like the \"\"TRS-80 Model 100\"\" – also be seen as a forerunner of the personal digital assistant. By the end of the 1980s, laptop computers were becoming popular among business people. The COMPAQ SLT/286 debuted in October 1988, being the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191144", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\ncreated in 1982 which one of the first 100% IBM PC compatible systems. The first shipment was in March 1983 and was priced at $2,995. The Compaq Portable folded up into a luggable case the size of a portable sewing machine. The third model of this development, Compaq Portable II, featured high resolution graphics on its tube display. It was the first portable computer ready to be used on the shop floor, and for CAD and diagram display. It established Compaq as a major brand on the market. Another significant machine announced in 1981, although first sold widely in 1983,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191163", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\ncolor displays (PowerBook 165c, 1993), and first true touchpad (PowerBook 500 series, 1994), first 16-bit stereo audio, and first built-in Ethernet network adapter (PowerBook 500, 1994). In 1994, IBM released the RS/6000 N40 laptop based on a PowerPC microprocessor running the AIX operating system, a variant of UNIX. It was manufactured by Tadpole Technology (now Tadpole Computer), who also manufactured laptops based on SPARC and Alpha microprocessors, the SPARCbook and ALPHAbook lines, respectively. The summer of 1995 was a significant turning point in the history of notebook computing. In August of that year Microsoft introduced Windows 95. It was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12103246", "chunk_text": "\"Toshiba T1100\"\nCPU, 7.16 MHz or 4.77 MHz operation, expandable to 640 kB of RAM, and two internal diskette drives. The T1100 was named an IEEE Milestone in 2009. Toshiba T1100 The T1100 was a laptop manufactured by Toshiba in 1985, and has subsequently been described by Toshiba as \"\"\"\"the world's first mass-market laptop computer\"\"\"\". Its technical specifications were comparable to the original IBM PC desktop, using floppy disks (it had no hard drive), a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88 CPU (a variation of the Intel 8088), and a monochrome LCD capable of displaying 80x25 text and 640x200 CGA graphics. Its original price", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12103245", "chunk_text": "\"Toshiba T1100\"\nToshiba T1100 The T1100 was a laptop manufactured by Toshiba in 1985, and has subsequently been described by Toshiba as \"\"\"\"the world's first mass-market laptop computer\"\"\"\". Its technical specifications were comparable to the original IBM PC desktop, using floppy disks (it had no hard drive), a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88 CPU (a variation of the Intel 8088), and a monochrome LCD capable of displaying 80x25 text and 640x200 CGA graphics. Its original price was 1899 USD. The T1100 PLUS is a later model of this laptop, released to the market in 1986. Some significant differences to the T1100 are, 80C86", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17487816", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nin 1985, and has subsequently described it as \"\"\"\"the world's first mass-market laptop computer\"\"\"\". It did not have a hard drive, and ran entirely from floppy disks. The CPU was a 4.77 MHz Intel 80C88, a variation of the popular Intel 8088, and the display was a monochrome, text-only 640x200 LCD. It was followed in 1987 by the T1000 and T1200. Although limited floppy-based DOS machines, with the operating system stored in ROM, the Toshiba models were small and light enough to be carried in a backpack, and could be run from lead-acid batteries. They also introduced the now-standard \"\"resume\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2859813", "chunk_text": "Laptop\nthe personal computer (PC) became feasible in 1971, the idea of a portable personal computer soon followed. A \"\"personal, portable information manipulator\"\" was imagined by Alan Kay at Xerox PARC in 1968, and described in his 1972 paper as the \"\"Dynabook\"\". The IBM Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) was demonstrated in 1973. This prototype was based on the IBM PALM processor. The IBM 5100, the first commercially available portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype. As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. The first laptop-sized notebook computer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191139", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nHistory of laptops The history of laptops describes the efforts in the 1970s and 1980s to build small, portable personal computers that combine the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer in a small chassis. Before laptop/notebook computers were technically feasible, similar ideas had been proposed, most notably Alan Kay's Dynabook concept, developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. One of the first reasonably portable computers was the Xerox NoteTaker, again developed at Xerox PARC, in 1976. However, only 10 prototypes were built. The portable micro computer the “Portal\"\" of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1990168", "chunk_text": "Laptop\nwas the Epson HX-20, invented (patented) by Suwa Seikosha's Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980, introduced at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas by Japanese company Seiko Epson in 1981, and widely released in 1982. It had an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer, in a chassis, the size of an A4 notebook. It was described as a \"\"laptop\"\" and \"\"notebook\"\" computer in its patent. The portable micro computer Portal of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. It was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1370005", "chunk_text": "\"Epson HX-20\"\nEpson HX-20 The Epson HX-20 (also known as the HC-20) was the first laptop computer. It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko (now Seiko Epson), receiving a patent for the invention. It was announced in 1981 as the HC-20 in Japan, and was introduced by Epson in North America as the HX-20 in 1981, at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had a mass-market release in July 1982, as the HC-20 in Japan and as the Epson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191168", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\ndevices, often built on the fledgling low-power Intel Atom processor architecture. In 2009, Qualcomm introduced a new term \"\"smartbook\"\", which stands for a hybrid device between smartphone and laptop. History of laptops The history of laptops describes the efforts in the 1970s and 1980s to build small, portable personal computers that combine the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer in a small chassis. Before laptop/notebook computers were technically feasible, similar ideas had been proposed, most notably Alan Kay's Dynabook concept, developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. One of the first reasonably portable computers was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191154", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nwhich doubled as an adjustable stand. It was announced in January 1983 and released a year later, at $995 USD. Possibly the first commercial IBM-compatible laptop was the Kaypro 2000, introduced in 1985. With its brushed aluminum clamshell case, it was remarkably similar in design to modern laptops. It featured a 25 line by 80 character LCD, a detachable keyboard, and a pop-up 90 mm (3.5-inch) floppy drive. Also among the first commercial IBM-compatible laptops was the IBM PC Convertible, introduced in 1986. It had a CGA-compatible LCD and 2 floppy drives. It weighed . Toshiba launched the Toshiba T1100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191146", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\ndesign, in which the flat display folded shut against the keyboard. The computer could be run from batteries, and was equipped with a 320×200-pixel electroluminescent display and 384 kilobyte bubble memory. It was not IBM-compatible, and its high price (US$8,000–10,000) limited it to specialized applications. However, it was used heavily by the U.S. military, and by NASA on the Space Shuttle during the 1980s. The GRiD's manufacturer subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. GRiD Systems Corp. was later bought by the Tandy (now RadioShack) Corporation. Another contender for the first true laptop was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191145", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nwas the Epson HX-20. A simple handheld computer, it featured a full-transit 68-key keyboard, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, a small (120×32-pixel) dot-matrix LCD with 4 lines of text, 20 characters per line text mode, a 24 column dot matrix printer, a Microsoft BASIC interpreter, and 16 KB of RAM (expandable to 32 KB). Through at least the late 1980s Epson continued to release laptops such as the L3s. The first laptop in the modern form was the Grid Compass 1101, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1979–80, and released in 1983. Enclosed in a magnesium case, it introduced the now familiar clamshell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191140", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nappeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. The Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit, clocked at 2 MHz. It was equipped with a central 64K byte Ram, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk: capacity = 140 000 characters, of a thermal printer: speed = 28 characters /", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191151", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nlayout to the Gavilan, which used the Intel 80186 processor. The year 1983 also saw the launch of what was probably the biggest-selling early laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. Owing much to the design of the previous Epson HX-20, and although at first a slow seller in Japan, it was quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC, who recognised its potential and marketed it respectively as the TRS-80 Model 100 line (or Tandy 100), Olivetti M-10, and NEC PC-8201. The machines ran on standard AA batteries. The Tandy's built-in programs, including a BASIC interpreter, a text editor, and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191149", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nbattery-powered, in a package roughly the size and shape of a notepad or a large book. It was made by Kyocera, and originally sold in Japan as the Kyotronic 85. Although a slow seller for Kyocera, the rights to the machine were purchased by Tandy Corporation, and the computer was sold through Radio Shack stores in the United States and Canada as well as affiliated dealers in other countries, becoming one of the company's most popular models, with over 6,000,000 units sold worldwide. The Olivetti M-10 and the NEC PC-8201 and PC-8300 were also built on the same Kyocera platform.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191150", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nTwo other noteworthy early laptops were the Sharp PC-5000 and the Gavilan SC, announced in 1983 but first sold in 1984. The Gavilan was notably the first computer to be marketed as a \"\"laptop\"\". It was also equipped with a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. Like the GRiD Compass, the Gavilan and the Sharp were housed in clamshell cases, but they were partly IBM-compatible, although primarily running their own system software. Both had LCDs, and could connect to optional external printers. The Dulmont Magnum, launched internationally in 1984, was an Australian portable similar in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191141", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nsecond, an asynchronous channel, a synchronous channel, a 220 V power supply. Designed for an operating temperature of 15–35 ° C, it weighed 12 kg and its dimensions were 45 × 45 × 15 cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was Prologue. The Osborne 1 is considered the first true mobile computer by most historians. Adam Osborne founded Osborne Computer and formed the Osborne 1 in 1981. The Osborne 1 had a five-inch screen, incorporating a modem port, two 5 1/4 floppy drives, a big collection of bundled software applications, and a battery pack. The computer company was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10260194", "chunk_text": "\"History of personal computers\"\nfrom a practical perspective, functioned as if it were indeed powered by an 8008, making it a \"\"de facto\"\" microcomputer. The Kenbak-1, released in early 1971, is considered by the Computer History Museum to be the world's first personal computer. It was designed and invented by John Blankenbaker of Kenbak Corporation in 1970, and was first sold in early 1971. Unlike a modern personal computer, the Kenbak-1 was built of small-scale integrated circuits, and did not use a microprocessor. The system first sold for US$750. Only around 40 machines were ever built and sold. In 1973, production of the Kenbak-1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18756375", "chunk_text": "\"History of personal computers\"\nUnited States. As of June 2008, the number of personal computers worldwide in use hit one billion. Mature markets like the United States, Western Europe and Japan accounted for 58 percent of the worldwide installed PCs. About 180 million PCs (16 percent of the existing installed base) were expected to be replaced and 35 million to be dumped into landfill in 2008. The whole installed base grew 12 percent annually. History of personal computers The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1980s. The 1981 launch of the IBM", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191156", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nfeature to DOS-based machines: the computer could be paused between sessions without having to be restarted each time. The first laptops successful on a large scale came in large part due to a Request For Proposal (RFP) by the U.S. Air Force in 1987. This contract would eventually lead to the purchase of over 200,000 laptops. Competition to supply this contract was fiercely contested and the major PC companies of the time; IBM Corporation, To shins, Compaq, NEC, and Zenith Data Systems (ZDS), rushed to develop laptops in an attempt to win this deal. ZDS, which had earlier won a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6577599", "chunk_text": "\"Grid Compass\"\nCompass established much of the basic design of subsequent laptop computers, although the laptop concept itself owed much to the Dynabook project developed at Xerox PARC from the late 1960s. The Compass company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. The initial model, model 1101, was introduced in April 1982; the model 1100 did not exist, except in marketing materials. The computer was designed by British industrial designer Bill Moggridge. It began development in 1979, and was eventually completed and sold three years later. The portable Osborne 1 computer sold at around the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191148", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nor 10 MB hard disk storage. Dulmont was eventually taken over by Time Office Computers, who marketed the Magnum internationally in 16 and 25 line LCD versions, and also introduced the brandname Kookaburra to emphasize its Australian origins. The \"\"Ampere\"\", a laptop with a sleek clamshell design by Ryu Oosake, was made in 1983. It offered a MC68008 microprocessor dedicated to running an APL interpreter residing in ROM. It was released as the Ampere WS-1. The TRS-80 Model 100 was an early portable computer introduced in 1983. It was one of the first notebook-style computers, featuring a keyboard and LCD,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13628415", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Osborne\"\nAdam Osborne Adam Osborne (March 6, 1939 – March 18, 2003) was a Thailand-born British-American author, book and software publisher, and computer designer who founded several companies in the United States and elsewhere. He is best known for introducing the Osborne 1, the first commercially successful portable computer. Osborne was known to frequent the famous Homebrew Computer Club's meetings around 1975. He was best known for creating the first commercially available portable computer, the Osborne 1, released in April 1981. It weighed 24.5 pounds (12 kg), cost US$1795—just over half the cost of a computer from other manufacturers with comparable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191162", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nApple laptop, several compatible machines such as the Outbound Laptop were available for Mac users; however, for copyright reasons, the user had to supply a set of Mac ROMs, which usually meant having to buy a new or used Macintosh as well. The Apple PowerBook series, introduced in October 1991, pioneered changes that are now \"\"de facto\"\" standards on laptops, such as room for a palm rest, and the inclusion of a pointing device (a trackball). The following year, IBM released its ThinkPad 700C, featuring a similar design (though with a distinctive red TrackPoint pointing device). Later PowerBooks featured optional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14827057", "chunk_text": "\"PC-9800 series\"\nPC-9800 series The , commonly shortened to PC-98, is a lineup of Japanese 16-bit and 32-bit personal computers manufactured by NEC from 1982 through 2000. The platform established NEC's dominance in the Japanese personal computer market, and by 1999, more than 18 million PC-98 units had been sold. surpassing the Commodore 64 as the best-selling home computer system of the 20th century. The Laptop versions of the PC-9801 were also being sold in the late 1980s. The first was the PC-98 LT, released in 1986. It is considered the world's first mass-market laptop PC. The world's first notebook computer was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10260175", "chunk_text": "\"History of personal computers\"\nHistory of personal computers The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1980s. The 1981 launch of the IBM Personal Computer coined both the term \"\"Personal Computer\"\" and \"\"PC\"\". A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191167", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nthem were: In June 2007, Asus announced the Eee PC 701 to be released in October, a small lightweight x86 Celeron-M ULV 353 powered laptop with 4 GB SDHC disk and a 7-inch screen. Despite previous attempts to launch small lightweight computers such as ultra-portable PC, the Eee was the first success story largely due to its low cost, small size, low weight and versatility. The term 'Netbook' was later dubbed by Intel. Asus then extended the Eee line with models with features such as a 9-inch screen and other brands, including Acer, MSI and Dell followed suit with similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191165", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nbase platform for notebooks. The Gateway Solo was the first notebook introduced with a Pentium processor and a CD-ROM. Also featuring a removable hard disk drive and floppy drive, the Solo was the first three-spindle (optical, floppy, and hard disk drive) notebook computer, and was extremely successful within the consumer segment of the market. In roughly the same time period the Dell Latitude, Toshiba Satellite, and IBM ThinkPad were reaching great success with Pentium-based two-spindle (hard disk and floppy disk drive) systems directed toward the corporate market. Early laptop displays were so primitive that \"\"PC Magazine\"\" in 1986 published an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1370017", "chunk_text": "\"Epson HX-20\"\nfrom an original battery. It can also work with a lantern battery on alligator clips. Epson HX-20 The Epson HX-20 (also known as the HC-20) was the first laptop computer. It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko (now Seiko Epson), receiving a patent for the invention. It was announced in 1981 as the HC-20 in Japan, and was introduced by Epson in North America as the HX-20 in 1981, at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6933425", "chunk_text": "Laptop\n45 x 15 cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was the aptly named Prologue. The Osborne 1, released in 1981, was a luggable computer that used the Zilog Z80 and weighed . It had no battery, a cathode ray tube (CRT) screen, and dual single-density floppy drives. Both Tandy/RadioShack and Hewlett Packard (HP) also produced portable computers of varying designs during this period. The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s. The Dulmont Magnum was released in Australia in 1981–82, but was not marketed internationally until 1984–85. The US$8,150 (US$ today) GRiD Compass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191152", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nterminal program, were supplied by Microsoft, and was written in part by Bill Gates himself. The computer was not a clamshell, but provided a tiltable 8 line × 40-character LCD screen above a full-travel keyboard. With its internal modem, it was a highly portable communications terminal. Due to its portability, good battery life (and ease of replacement), reliability (it had no moving parts), and low price (as little as US$300), the model was highly regarded, becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed less than 2 kg with dimensions of 30×21.5×4.5 centimeters (12×8½×1¾ in). Initial specifications included 8 kilobytes of RAM", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "637157", "chunk_text": "\"Portable computer\"\nPortable computer A portable computer was a computer designed to be easily moved from one place to another and included a display and keyboard. The first commercially sold portable was the 50 pound IBM 5100, introduced 1975. The next major portables were Osborne's 24 pound CP/M-based Osborne 1 (1981) and Compaq's 28 pound 100% IBM PC compatible Compaq Portable (1983). These \"\"luggable\"\"s lacked the next technological advance, not requiring an external power source; that feature was introduced by the laptop. Laptops were followed by lighter models, so that in the 2000s mobile devices and by 2007 smartphones made the term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191161", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\na notebook and fold its clamshell LCD like a book cover over the rest of its body. The first Apple Computer machine designed to be used on the go was the 1989 Macintosh Portable (although an LCD screen had been an option for the transportable Apple IIc in 1984). Unlike the Compaq LTE laptop released earlier in the year the Macintosh Portable was actually a \"\"luggable\"\" not a laptop, but the Mac Portable was praised for its clear active matrix display and long battery life, but was a poor seller due to its bulk. In the absence of a true", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10260244", "chunk_text": "\"History of personal computers\"\nblack-and-white monitor, dual 5¼-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 megabyte Profile hard drive. The Lisa's slow operating speed and high price (US$10,000), however, led to its commercial failure. Drawing upon its experience with the Lisa, Apple launched the Macintosh in 1984, with an advertisement during the Super Bowl. The Macintosh was the first successful mass-market mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface or 'WIMP' (Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers). Based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the Macintosh included many of the Lisa's features at a price of US$2,495. The Macintosh was introduced with 128 kb of RAM and later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191160", "chunk_text": "\"History of laptops\"\nbattery-powered laptop to support an internal hard disk drive and a VGA compatible LCD screen. It weighed 14 lbs. The NEC UltraLite, released in mid-1989, was perhaps the first \"\"notebook\"\" computer, weighing just 2 kg (4.4 lbs). In lieu of a floppy or hard drive, it contained a 2 megabyte RAM drive, but this reduced its utility as well as its size. Although portable computers with clamshell LCD screens already existed before it, the Ultralite was the first computer in a notebook form-factor. It was significantly smaller than all portable computers that came before it. People can actually carry-it like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9895001", "chunk_text": "\"Gavilan SC\"\nGavilan SC The Gavilan SC was a laptop computer, and was the first ever to be marketed as a \"\"laptop\"\". The brainchild of Gavilan Computer Corp. founder Manuel (Manny) Fernandez, the Gavilan was introduced in May 1983, at approximately the same time as the similar Sharp PC-5000. It came to market a year after the GRiD Compass, with which it shared several pioneering details, notably a clamshell design, in which the screen folds shut over the keyboard. The Gavilan, however, was more affordable than the GRiD, at a list price of around US$4000. Unlike the GRiD, it was equipped with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13672712", "chunk_text": "\"Desktop computer\"\nthe United States, laptops had long been produced by contract manufacturers based in Asia, such as Foxconn. This shift led to the closure of the many desktop assembly plants in the United States by 2010. Another trend around this time was the increasing proportion of inexpensive base-configuration desktops being sold, hurting PC manufacturers such as Dell whose build-to-order customization of desktops relied on upselling added features to buyers. Battery-powered portable computers had just 2% worldwide market share in 1986. However, laptops have become increasingly popular, both for business and personal use. Around 109 million notebook PCs shipped worldwide in 2007,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2992980", "chunk_text": "\"Ferranti MRT\"\nFerranti MRT The Ferranti Market Research Terminal (MRT) was, arguably, the world’s first application-specific handheld computer. It was designed specifically for the market research sector as a means to augment the regular clipboard schemes that, at the time, were common-place, in social and market research. The Ferranti Market Research Terminal (MRT) is also of historical significance to the computing industry since it marked the last original computer design from Ferranti, a long established business (started 1882) that had risen to fame through a collaboration Manchester University to produce the \"\"Mark 1\"\", the world’s first commercial computer and later with Cambridge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "725151", "chunk_text": "\"Ferranti Mark 1\"\nFerranti Mark 1 The Ferranti Mark 1, also known as the Manchester Electronic Computer in its sales literature, and thus sometimes called the Manchester Ferranti, was the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer. It was \"\"the tidied up and commercialised version of the Manchester computer\"\". The first machine was delivered to the Victoria University of Manchester in February 1951 (publicly demonstrated in July) ahead of the UNIVAC I, which was supplied to the United States Census Bureau on 31 March 1951, although not delivered until late December the following year. Based on the Manchester Mark 1, which was designed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16054516", "chunk_text": "Macintosh\nweb, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the \"\"list of intended brands for desktop purchases\"\" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell. Macintosh The Macintosh (pronounced as ; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984. The original Macintosh was the first mass-market personal computer that featured a graphical user interface, built-in screen and mouse. Apple sold the Macintosh alongside its popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12004957", "chunk_text": "\"IBM Personal Computer\"\n\"\"IBM Personal Computer AT/370\"\" was an AT with two custom 16-bit cards, running almost exactly the same setup as the XT/370. The IBM PC Convertible, released April 3, 1986, was IBM's first laptop computer and was also the first IBM computer to utilize the 3.5\"\" floppy disk which went on to become the standard. Like modern laptops, it featured power management and the ability to run from batteries. It was the follow-up to the IBM Portable and was model number 5140. The concept and the design of the body was made by the German industrial designer Richard Sapper. It utilized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668229", "chunk_text": "\"IBM Personal Computer\"\nIBM Personal Computer The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform. It is IBM model number 5150, and was introduced on August 12, 1981. It was created by a team of engineers and designers under the direction of Don Estridge of the IBM Entry Systems Division in Boca Raton, Florida. The generic term \"\"personal computer\"\" (\"\"PC\"\") was in use years before 1981, applied as early as 1972 to the Xerox PARC's Alto, but because of the success of the IBM Personal Computer, the term \"\"PC\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367421", "chunk_text": "Compaq\ntitle of vice president for sales and marketing. In November 1982 Compaq announced their first product, the Compaq Portable, a portable IBM PC compatible personal computer. It was released in March 1983 at $2995, considerably more affordable than the Canadian Hyperion. The Compaq Portable was one of the progenitors of today's laptop; some called it a \"\"suitcase computer\"\" for its size and the look of its case. It was the second IBM PC compatible, being capable of running all software that would run on an IBM PC. It was a commercial success, selling 53,000 units in its first year and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12776559", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh Portable\"\nMacintosh Portable The Macintosh Portable is a portable computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from September 1989 to October 1991. It is the first battery-powered Macintosh, which garnered significant excitement from critics, but sales to customers were quite low. It featured a fast, sharp, and expensive black and white active matrix LCD screen in a hinged design that covered the keyboard when the machine was not in use. The Portable was one of the early consumer laptops to employ an active matrix panel, and only the most expensive of the initial PowerBook line, the PowerBook 170, used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6933421", "chunk_text": "Laptop\nand specificity of either term—the term \"\"laptop\"\" appears to have been coined in the early 1980s to describe a mobile computer which could be used on one's lap, and to distinguish these devices from earlier, much heavier, portable computers (informally called \"\"luggables\"\"). The term \"\"notebook\"\" appears to have gained currency somewhat later as manufacturers started producing even smaller portable devices, further reducing their weight and size and incorporating a display roughly the size of A4 paper; these were marketed as \"\"notebooks\"\" to distinguish them from bulkier laptops. Regardless of the etymology, by the late 1990s, the terms were interchangeable. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6767151", "chunk_text": "Macintosh\nMacintosh The Macintosh (pronounced as ; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984. The original Macintosh was the first mass-market personal computer that featured a graphical user interface, built-in screen and mouse. Apple sold the Macintosh alongside its popular Apple II family of computers for almost ten years before they were discontinued in 1993. Early Macintosh models were expensive, hindering its competitiveness in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9776509", "chunk_text": "\"Personal computer\"\na kit computer. Terrell wanted to have computers to sell to a wide range of users, not just experienced electronics hobbyists who had the soldering skills to assemble a computer kit. The Apple I as delivered was still technically a kit computer, as it did not have a power supply, case, or keyboard when it was delivered to the Byte Shop. The first successfully mass marketed personal computer to be announced was the Commodore PET after being revealed in January 1977. However, it was back-ordered and not available until later that year. Three months later (April), the Apple II (usually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18756312", "chunk_text": "\"History of personal computers\"\nfirms racing to introduce the first truly successful commercial personal computers. Three machines, the Apple II, PET 2001 and TRS-80 were all released in 1977, becoming the most popular by late 1978. \"\"Byte\"\" magazine later referred to them as the \"\"1977 Trinity\"\". Also in 1977, Sord Computer Corporation released the Sord M200 Smart Home Computer in Japan. Steve Wozniak (known as \"\"Woz\"\"), a regular visitor to Homebrew Computer Club meetings, designed the single-board \"\"Apple I\"\" computer and first demonstrated it there. With specifications in hand and an order for 100 machines at US$500 each from the Byte Shop, Woz and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_194	when was the first episode of scooby doo?	n/a	[ "September 13, 1969" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12425296", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (character)\"\npersonality of the dog, Ruby and Spears looked for inspiration to the characters played by Bob Hope in his horror-comedies – a coward who shows traits of bravery when his friends are in danger. Veteran H-B voice artist Don Messick was the original voice of Scooby and spent decades working on the character. \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" premiered on CBS on September 13, 1969, at 10:30 am. EST and ran for two seasons, for a total of 25 episodes. Its final first-run episode aired on October 31, 1970. In most incarnations of the series, Scooby is regarded as a unique", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202623", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nthe Night\"\" on a flight to one of the development meetings, and decided to rename the dog \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" and re-rechristen the show \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" The revised show was re-presented to CBS executives, who approved it for production. The first episode of \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" \"\"What a Night for a Knight\"\" debuted on the CBS network Saturday, September 13, 1969. The original voice cast featured veteran voice actor Don Messick as Scooby-Doo, radio DJ Casey Kasem (later host of radio's syndicated \"\"American Top 40\"\") as Shaggy, actor Frank Welker (later a veteran voice actor in his own right)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202614", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nScooby-Doo Scooby-Doo is an American animated franchise, comprising many animated television series produced from 1969 to the present day. Writers Joe Ruby and Ken Spears created the original series, \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\", for Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1969. This Saturday-morning cartoon series featured four teenagers—Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Norville \"\"Shaggy\"\" Rogers—and their talking brown Great Dane named Scooby-Doo, who solve mysteries involving supposedly supernatural creatures through a series of antics and missteps. Following the success of the original series, Hanna-Barbera and its successor Warner Bros. Animation have produced numerous follow-up and spin-off animated series and several related", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17497245", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\nScooby-Doo, Where Are You! Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera. Produced for CBS, the series premiered as part of the network's Saturday morning schedule on September 13, 1969, and aired for two seasons until October 31, 1970. In 1978, a selection of episodes from the later series \"\"Scooby's All-Stars\"\" and \"\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\" were aired on ABC under the \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" name and, as such, is sometimes marketed as its third season. The series centers on a group of characters consisting of four teenagers—Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202615", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nworks, including television specials and made-for-TV movies, a line of direct-to-video films, and two Warner Bros.–produced theatrical feature films. Some versions of \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" feature different variations on the show's supernatural theme, and include characters such as Scooby's cousin Scooby-Dum and nephew Scrappy-Doo in addition to or instead of some of the original characters. \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" was originally broadcast on CBS from 1969 to 1975, when it moved to ABC. ABC aired the show until canceling it in 1986, and presented a spin-off featuring the characters as children, \"\"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\"\", from 1988 until 1991. New \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" series aired as part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17497254", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\nhave been released through October 19, 2010. Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera. Produced for CBS, the series premiered as part of the network's Saturday morning schedule on September 13, 1969, and aired for two seasons until October 31, 1970. In 1978, a selection of episodes from the later series \"\"Scooby's All-Stars\"\" and \"\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\" were aired on ABC under the \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" name and, as such, is sometimes marketed as its third season. The series centers on a group of characters consisting of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1729591", "chunk_text": "\"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\"\ncharacters utilize technology that did not exist at the time \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" first aired. It is the first television series in the franchise in which Frank Welker, Grey DeLisle and Mindy Cohn respectively portrayed the voices of Scooby-Doo, Daphne and Velma, as well as the final one in which Casey Kasem portrayed Shaggy, having originally quit the role following a dispute regarding the portrayal of the character. The series premiered on September 14, 2002, and ran for three seasons before ending on July 21, 2006. The title song was performed by Canadian band Simple Plan. Reruns of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913513", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nthe gang's hometown of Crystal Cove, California became the series' main story arc, with pieces to the mystery unfolding episode by episode. Also featured were romantic entanglements and interpersonal conflict between the lead characters. The series ran for 52 episodes over two seasons, with a three-part finale airing across April 4 and 5, 2013 – exactly three years from the debut. On March 10, 2014, Cartoon Network announced several new series based on classic cartoons, including a new Scooby-Doo animated series titled \"\"Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!\"\". The show features the gang \"\"living it up\"\" the summer after the gang's senior year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4980445", "chunk_text": "\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\nThe New Scooby-Doo Movies The New Scooby-Doo Movies is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera for CBS. It is the second animated television series in the studio's \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" franchise, and follows the first incarnation, \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\". It premiered on September 9, 1972 and ran for two seasons on CBS as the only hour-long \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" series. Twenty-four episodes were produced, sixteen for the 1972–73 season and eight more for the 1973–74 season. Aside from doubling the length of each episode, \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\" differed from its predecessor in the addition of a rotating special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7645671", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\"\n2010 and 2011 with an unknown stop to the airing of the episodes after episode thirteen. The first episode of the season premiered as a sneak peek on April 5, 2010, and reaired on July 12, 2010 on Cartoon Network along with the next twelve episodes in the United States. The series continued to air on Canada's Teletoons after episode thirteen. The remaining thirteen episodes, dubbed as a second season by Cartoon Network, began airing in May 3, 2011 until July 26, 2011. During the hiatus the first episode of the second season premiered on March 30, 2012 on Cartoon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5431337", "chunk_text": "\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\nThe Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour is a 60-minute package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1976 for ABC Saturday mornings. It marked the first new installments of the cowardly canine since 1973, and contained the following segments: \"\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\" debuted on September 11, 1976. After two months, an additional 30 minutes were added to the hour-long series (to accommodate repeats of the first two CBS seasons of \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\"), becoming the 90-minute \"\"Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Show,\"\" which is how it remained from December 4, 1976 to September 3, 1977. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10445589", "chunk_text": "\"Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!\"\ndebut on October 4, 2015 on Boomerang in the United Kingdom and Ireland and premiered on Teletoon in Canada on October 8. The series premiered on Boomerang in Australia and New Zealand on December 28. This season premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on October 5, 2015. After airing twenty out of the twenty-six episodes from the first season, the series was put on a long hiatus following the premiere of \"\"Giant Problems\"\" on March 12, 2016. The final six episodes of the first season were aired on Cartoon Network's sister station Boomerang in an overnight graveyard slot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20640715", "chunk_text": "\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\nThe Scooby-Doo Show The Scooby-Doo Show is an American animated mystery comedy series. The title of the series is an umbrella term for episodes of the third incarnation of Hanna-Barbera's \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" franchise. A total of 40 episodes ran for three seasons, from 1976 to 1978, on ABC, marking the first \"\"Scooby\"\" series to appear on the network. Sixteen episodes were produced as segments of \"\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\" in 1976, eight episodes were produced as segments of \"\"Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics\"\" in 1977 and sixteen episodes were produced in 1978, with nine of them running by themselves under the \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7645662", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\"\nScooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated (also known as Mystery Incorporated or Scooby-Doo! Mystery, Inc.) is an American animated mystery comedy-drama series; the series serves as the eleventh incarnation of the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" media franchise created by Hanna-Barbera, as well as the first that was not originally run on Saturday mornings. The series is produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network UK and premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network on April 5, 2010, with the next twelve episodes continuing, and the first episode re-airing, on July 12, 2010. The series concluded on April 5, 2013, after two seasons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202635", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\npackaged together for syndication as \"\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\", under which title they continue to air. The \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" characters first appeared outside of their regular Saturday morning format in \"\"Scooby Goes Hollywood\"\", an hour-long ABC television special aired in prime time on December 13, 1979. The special revolved around Shaggy and Scooby attempting to convince the network to move Scooby out of Saturday morning and into a prime-time series, and featured spoofs of then-current television series and films such as \"\"Happy Days\"\", \"\"Superman: The Movie\"\", \"\"Laverne & Shirley\"\" and \"\"Charlie's Angels\"\". In 1979, Scooby's tiny nephew Scrappy-Doo was added to both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17502009", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo (1979 TV series)\"\nof the season, beginning with episode 12, \"\"The Ghoul, the Bat, and the Ugly\"\". Velma does not speak in episode 16, \"\"The Ransom of Scooby Chief\"\" as she, Fred, and Daphne were not seen much in that episode. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show contained a laugh track created by the studio. A complete series set was released on April 28, 2015. Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo (1979 TV series) The original thirty-minute version of Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo constitutes the fourth incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\". It premiered on September 22, 1979 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913529", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nfrom 2004 to 2005, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" held the Guinness World Record for having the most episodes of any animated television series ever produced, a record previously held by and later returned to \"\"The Simpsons\"\". \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" was published as holding this record in the 2006 edition of the \"\"Guinness Book of Records\"\". In January 2009, entertainment website IGN named \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" #24 on its list of the Top 100 Best Animated TV Shows. As with most popular franchises, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" has been parodied and has done parodies. Scooby-Doo Scooby-Doo is an American animated franchise, comprising many animated television series produced from 1969 to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4499492", "chunk_text": "\"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\"\nA Pup Named Scooby-Doo A Pup Named Scooby-Doo is an American animated mystery comedy series produced by Hanna-Barbera. It is the eighth incarnation of the studio's \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" franchise, and depicts juvenile versions of the title character and his human companions as they solve mysteries, similarly to the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" television series. The series was developed by Tom Ruegger and premiered on September 10, 1988, airing for four seasons on ABC as well as during the syndicated block \"\"The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera\"\" until August 17, 1991. Ruegger, along with most of Hanna-Barbera's production staff, departed from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15847043", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\nfirst seen on the DVD of \"\"Scooby-Doo! and the Samurai Sword\"\", \"\"17 Again\"\" and \"\"Shorts\"\". \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\" was the most-watched telecast in Cartoon Network history with 6.1 million viewers on September 13, 2009, outdistancing the previous high of 3.9 million viewers that tuned into the premiere of the animated series \"\"\"\". Due to the success of \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\", a sequel went into development in October 2009. Titled \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\", principal photography commenced on March 15, 2010 in various locations around Southern California. The sequel aired on October 16, 2010 and was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20640717", "chunk_text": "\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\nin the United Kingdom until 2015. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show contained a laugh track created by the studio. When television executive Fred Silverman moved from CBS to ABC in 1975, the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" gang followed him, making their ABC debut in 1976 as part of \"\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\". This hour-long package show featured 16 new half-hour adventures in the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" format, with Scooby's country cousin, the Mortimer Snerd-inspired Scooby-Dum joining the gang as a semi-regular character. In addition, Pat Stevens replaced Nicole Jaffe as the voice of Velma. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16717216", "chunk_text": "\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\nthe first nine weeks of the 1978–79 season. By November, the early-morning airing of \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" had been cancelled, and the new 1978 episodes began airing during the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" segment of \"\"Scooby's All-Stars\"\". \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" creators Joe Ruby and Ken Spears, by 1976 working at ABC for Silverman as production supervisors for the Saturday morning lineup, were involved in the development and production of the 1976–77 and 1977–78 episodes (in 1977, they formed their own animation studio, Ruby-Spears Productions, as a competitor to Hanna-Barbera). The 1976 episodes were released on DVD by Warner Home Video with the Dynomutt episodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9393478", "chunk_text": "\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\nHarlem Globetrotters\"\". The New Scooby-Doo Movies The New Scooby-Doo Movies is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera for CBS. It is the second animated television series in the studio's \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" franchise, and follows the first incarnation, \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\". It premiered on September 9, 1972 and ran for two seasons on CBS as the only hour-long \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" series. Twenty-four episodes were produced, sixteen for the 1972–73 season and eight more for the 1973–74 season. Aside from doubling the length of each episode, \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\" differed from its predecessor in the addition of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202624", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nas Fred, actress Nicole Jaffe as Velma, and musician Indira Stefanianna Christopherson as Daphne. Scooby's speech patterns closely resembled an earlier cartoon dog, Astro from \"\"The Jetsons\"\" (1962–63), also voiced by Messick. Seventeen episodes of \"\"Scooby-Doo Where are You!\"\" were produced in 1969–70. The series theme song was written by David Mook and Ben Raleigh, and performed by Larry Marks. Each of these episodes features Scooby and the four teenage members of Mystery, Inc.—Fred, Shaggy, Daphne and Velma—arriving at a location in the Mystery Machine, a van painted with psychedelic colors and flower power imagery. Encountering a ghost, monster, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16717218", "chunk_text": "\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\nin their initial run, and none of the 1978 episodes were presented under the \"\"Where are You!\"\" title for twenty-eight years following their broadcast debuts (the cartoons on the DVD set still feature the syndicated \"\"Scooby-Doo Show\"\" opening and closing credits). All forty \"\"Scooby-Doo Show\"\" episodes are available for purchase and download from the iTunes Store, as either individual episodes or a season set. The 1976 and 1977 episodes are grouped under \"\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\", while the 1978 episodes are listed under \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where are You!\"\" The Scooby-Doo Show The Scooby-Doo Show is an American animated mystery comedy series. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20086749", "chunk_text": "\"The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show\"\nThe New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show is the sixth incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\". It premiered on September 10, 1983, and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program made up of two eleven-minute short cartoons. In 1984, the name of the show was changed to The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries, with the actual show format remaining the same. \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries\"\" ran for another season on ABC. The series airs reruns on Cartoon Network's classics channel Boomerang. Thirteen half-hour episodes, composed of twenty-four separate segments were produced under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202631", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\na new theme song for this series, and Curtin's theme would remain in use for much of \"\"Scooby-Doo's\"\" original broadcast run. After two seasons and 24 episodes of the \"\"New Movies\"\" format from 1972 to 1974, CBS began airing reruns of the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where are You!\"\" series until its option on the series ran out in 1976. Now president of ABC, Fred Silverman made a deal with Hanna-Barbera to bring new episodes of \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" to the ABC Saturday morning lineup, where the show went through almost yearly lineup changes. For their 1976–77 season, 16 new episodes of Scooby-Doo were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18802521", "chunk_text": "Scrappy-Doo\n1979 had begun to sink to the point of cancellation threats from ABC, who were considering between choosing between Scooby-Doo and an unnamed pilot From Ruby-Spears Enterprises, whose pilot Evanier had also written. He successfully boosted the show's ratings and kept the show alive. Scrappy has a contradicted origin. Originally as shown in the introduction of the series, Scrappy only met his Uncle Scooby as a puppy. However, the December 1980 episode of \"\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo\"\" (\"\"Scrappy's Birthday\"\") depicts Scrappy-Doo's birth with both Scooby and Shaggy in attendance. Born at St. Bernard's Hospital to Scooby-Doo's sister Ruby-Doo on December 20,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1332674", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (character)\"\nScooby-Doo (character) Scoobert \"\"Scooby\"\" Doo is the eponymous character and protagonist of the animated television franchise of the same name created in 1969 by the American animation company Hanna-Barbera. Scooby-Doo is a male Great Dane and lifelong companion of amateur detective Shaggy Rogers, with whom he shares many personality traits. Named after a nonsense vocal line in Frank Sinatra's hit song \"\"Strangers in the Night\"\", he features a mix of both canine and human behaviors (reminiscent of other funny animals in the Golden age of American animation), treated by his friends more or less as an equal while speaking in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7645672", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\"\nNetwork Videos and aired on Boomerang in the UK on June 2, 2012 with four more episodes premiering until June 6, 2012. The official Warner Brothers website announced that the second season would begin airing on Cartoon Network in May 2012 but was set back to July 30, 2012 in the United States. The first fifteen episodes aired on weekdays after July 30, 2012, until August 17, 2012. The show went on another hiatus until March 25, 2013, when the remaining episodes of season two began to air in the United States and concluded on April 5, 2013. Each episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202641", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nepisode where Scooby-Doo's parents show up and reveal his real name to be \"\"Scoobert\"\". At the same time, the series returned to its original formula in that the group unmasked human villains in costume, as opposed to the supernatural monsters of the early to mid-1980s. The series also established \"\"Coolsville\"\" as the name of the gang's hometown; this setting was retained for several of the later \"\"Scooby\"\" productions. The retooled show was a success, remaining in production for four seasons and on ABC's lineup until 1991. \"\"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\"\" was developed and produced by Tom Ruegger, who had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12759848", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"\nstandard full frame format. The film was released on VHS on September 22, 1998. Sales for the film exceeded the studio's expectations, according to a 1999 \"\"Billboard\"\" article. It was released on DVD on March 6, 2001. The film was aided by a reportedly $50 million promotional push, with tie-ins including the Campbell Soup Company, SpaghettiOs, 1-800-COLLECT, Wendy's, LEGO, and Cartoon Network, who debuted the film on television on October 31, 1998, after a month themed after the series. It was also promoted as part of the network's \"\"Wacky Racing\"\" sponsorship deal with Melling Racing in 1998, as the third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9871744", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nThe CW. The next \"\"Scooby\"\" series, \"\"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\"\", premiered on Cartoon Network on April 5, 2010. The first \"\"Scooby\"\" series produced for cable television, \"\"Mystery Incorporated\"\" is a reboot of the franchise, re-establishing the characters' relationships, personalities, and locations, and expanding their world to feature their parents, high school, and neighbors. The series also borrowed pieces from many parts of \"\"Scooby-Doo's\"\" long history, as well as characters and elements of other Hanna-Barbera shows to form its back story and the bases of some of its episodes. Matthew Lillard was brought over from the direct-to-video series as the new voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17497246", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\nand Shaggy Rogers—and the title character, a semi-anthropomorphic Great Dane named Scooby-Doo. The group travels in a blue and green van with two orange flowers named the Mystery Machine, solving mysteries involving several local legends; in doing so, they discover that the perpetrator is almost invariably a disguised person who seeks to exploit the legend for their personal gain. \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" is the first incarnation of what would eventually become a long-running media franchise, which primarily consists of subsequent animated series, several films, and related merchandise. \"\"Scooby Doo, Where Are You!\"\" was the result of CBS and Hanna-Barbera's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202638", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nfeaturing episodes of Hanna-Barbera's new \"\"Richie Rich\"\" cartoon, adapted from the Harvey Comics character. From 1982 to 1983, \"\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo\"\" were part of \"\"The Scooby-Doo/Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour\"\", a co-production with Ruby-Spears Productions which featured two \"\"Scooby and Scrappy\"\" shorts, a \"\"Scrappy and Yabba-Doo\"\" short featuring Scrappy-Doo and his Western deputy uncle Yabba-Doo, and \"\"The Puppy's New Adventures\"\", based on characters from a 1977 Ruby-Spears TV special. Beginning in 1980, a half-hour of reruns from previous incarnations of \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" were broadcast on ABC Saturday mornings in addition to first-run episodes. Airing under the titles \"\"Scooby-Doo Classics\"\", \"\"Scary Scooby Funnies\"\", \"\"The Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3307380", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\ngoings-on at the Coolsville museum\"\", a hint to the very first episode of \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" and their very first case, The Black Knight Ghost. Filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, including Templeton Secondary School from August 4, 2008. Cartoon Network's content advisor Rob Sorcher had said, \"\"This contemporary take on Scooby-Doo will be an exciting movie event on Cartoon Network. This project is also an anchor component of our new push into movies, our great partnership with Warner Premiere and the overall expectation of Cartoon Network programming efforts.\"\" The trailer for \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004504", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\nScooby-Doo (film) Scooby-Doo (also known as Scooby-Doo: The Movie) is a 2002 American live-action/computer-animated family adventure film based on the long-running Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name. It is the first installment in the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" live-action film series, directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn, and starring Freddie Prinze Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard, Linda Cardellini and Rowan Atkinson. The plot revolves around Mystery Incorporated, a group of four young adults and a dog who solve mysteries, who reunite after a two-year disbandment, to investigate a mystery on a popular horror resort. Filming took place in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15277221", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (video game)\"\nScooby-Doo (video game) Scooby-Doo (also known as Scooby-Doo in the Castle Mystery) is a video game based on the television character of the same name. The game was developed in by Gargoyle Games for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and Commodore Plus/4. A much-hyped game, Elite first started advertising this from around Autumn 1985. The advert billed the game as \"\"the first ever computer cartoon\"\". Issue 21 of Crash carried a full preview of the game. The game was to feature all the characters from the cartoon and was set in a Scottish castle owned by Shaggy's auntie.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20086750", "chunk_text": "\"The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show\"\nthe \"\"New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo\"\" title in 1983, and thirteen more episodes, composed of twenty separate segments were produced under the name \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries\"\" in 1984. At the time, Margaret Loesch, who served as supervising executive for the series, also worked for another animation production company Marvel Productions. For this incarnation of the show, Hanna-Barbera attempted to combine the most successful elements of both the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" format and the newer \"\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo\"\" format. Daphne Blake, a character from the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" format, was added back to the cast after a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202630", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\n\"\"Jabberjaw\"\" (1976–78), \"\"Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels\"\" (1977–80), among others. In 1972, new one-hour episodes under the title \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\" were created; each episode featuring a real or fictitious guest star helping the gang solve mysteries, including characters from other Hanna-Barbera series such as \"\"Harlem Globetrotters\"\", \"\"Josie and the Pussycats\"\" and \"\"Speed Buggy\"\", the comic book characters Batman and Robin (later adapted into their own Hanna-Barbera series, \"\"Super Friends\"\", a year later), and celebrities such as Sandy Duncan, The Addams Family, Cass Elliot, Phyllis Diller, Don Knotts and The Three Stooges. Hanna-Barbera musical director Hoyt Curtin composed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913502", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nof Scooby-Doo\"\", and \"\"Scooby's Mystery Funhouse\"\", the rerun package remained on the air until the end of the 1986 season. \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" was restored to a standalone half-hour in 1983 with \"\"The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show\"\" in 1983, which comprised two 11-minute mysteries per episode in a format reminiscent of the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" mysteries. Heather North returned to the voice cast as Daphne, who in this incarnation solved mysteries with Shaggy, Scooby, and Scrappy while working undercover as a reporter for a teen magazine. This version of the show lasted for two seasons, with the second season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913504", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nits reruns were removed from the ABC lineup the following March, no new \"\"Scooby\"\" series aired on the network for the next two years. Hanna-Barbera reincarnated the original \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" cast as elementary school students (a common trope in 1980s children's TV) for a new series titled \"\"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\"\", which debuted on ABC in 1988. \"\"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\"\" was an irreverent re-imagining of the series, heavily inspired by the classic cartoons of Tex Avery and Bob Clampett, and eschewed the realistic aesthetic of the original \"\"Scooby\"\" series for a more \"\"Looney Tunes\"\"-like style, including an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9871727", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nairing under the title \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries\"\". The 1984–85 season episodes featured semi-regular appearances from Fred and Velma, with Frank Welker and Marla Frumkin resuming their respective roles for these episodes. 1985 saw the debut of \"\"The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo\"\", which featured Daphne, Shaggy, Scooby, Scrappy, and new characters Flim-Flam (voiced by Susan Blu) and Vincent Van Ghoul (based upon and voiced by Vincent Price) traveling the globe to capture \"\"thirteen of the most terrifying ghosts upon the face of the earth.\"\" The final first-run episode of \"\"The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo\"\" aired in December 1985, and after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2333245", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo (1980 TV series)\"\n\"\"The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show\"\". Following the final first-run episode on October 31, reruns from the first seasons were rerun alongside episodes from the second season. The following ran in 1982, as segments of \"\"The Scooby & Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour\"\". All segments were written and storyboarded at Hanna-Barbera, but were produced and animated by then-sister company Ruby-Spears Enterprises. Note: The third episode for each air date listed is the \"\"Scrappy and Yabba-Doo\"\" episode from that date. Warner Home Video released \"\"The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show: Volume 1\"\" on DVD in Region 1 on May 20, 2008. All three seasons are available for download", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "875007", "chunk_text": "\"Clue Club\"\nClue Club Clue Club is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on CBS from August 14, 1976 to September 3, 1977. \"\"Clue Club\"\" only had one season's worth of first-run episodes produced, which were shown on Saturday mornings on CBS (the original home of \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\", which \"\"Clue Club\"\" had replaced; \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" was being groomed for its move to ABC). In the fall of 1977, cut-down versions of the half-hour episodes of \"\"Clue Club\"\" appeared under the new title Woofer & Whimper, Dog Detectives to showcase the show's basset and bloodhound which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4013862", "chunk_text": "\"The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show\"\nThe Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show is a 60-minute Saturday morning animated package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on ABC from November 8, 1980 to November 7, 1981. The program contained segments of \"\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo\"\" and \"\"Richie Rich\"\". The \"\"Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo\"\" shorts represents the sixth show in which Scooby-Doo appears. This was the only Hanna-Barbera package series for which \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" was given second billing and also notable for Richie Rich's debut in animation. With the exception of the \"\"Richie Rich Gems\"\", each episode featured three Scooby-Doo segments and three Richie Rich segments between them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13897505", "chunk_text": "\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\ncredits, both featuring Scooby-Doo) were used periodically when \"\"Dynomutt, Dog Wonder\"\" aired as part of the \"\"USA Cartoon Express\"\" from spring 1984 to summer 1992 (the 1978 syndicated titles were shown as well). The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour is a 60-minute package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1976 for ABC Saturday mornings. It marked the first new installments of the cowardly canine since 1973, and contained the following segments: \"\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\" debuted on September 11, 1976. After two months, an additional 30 minutes were added to the hour-long series (to accommodate repeats of the first two CBS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1332693", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (character)\"\nto people. Scooby is vulnerable and lovable and not brave, and very much like the kids who watch. But like kids, he likes to think that he's brave.\"\" Scooby-Doo (character) Scoobert \"\"Scooby\"\" Doo is the eponymous character and protagonist of the animated television franchise of the same name created in 1969 by the American animation company Hanna-Barbera. Scooby-Doo is a male Great Dane and lifelong companion of amateur detective Shaggy Rogers, with whom he shares many personality traits. Named after a nonsense vocal line in Frank Sinatra's hit song \"\"Strangers in the Night\"\", he features a mix of both canine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913514", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nof high school. Along the way, they run into monsters and mayhem. The series premiered October 5, 2015 on Cartoon Network and concluded on March 18, 2018. On May 23, 2018, Boomerang announced that a new Scooby-Doo series titled \"\"Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?\"\" is scheduled to be released sometime in 2019. The series is currently slated to air on the Boomerang streaming service and app. The series will feature the Mystery Inc. gang teaming up with a variety of guest stars to solve mysteries. Confirmed guest stars include Halsey, Sia, Bill Nye the Science Guy, Mark Hamill, Neil deGrasse Tyson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9393475", "chunk_text": "\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\n\"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" aired on CBS for the next two years. No new \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" cartoons would be produced until the show defected to ABC in September 1976 on the highly publicized \"\"The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour\"\". When the various \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" series entered syndication in 1980, each \"\"New Movies\"\" episode was halved and run as two half-hour parts. The USA Network \"\"Cartoon Express\"\" began running the \"\"New Movies\"\" in their original format beginning in September 1990; they were rerun on Sunday mornings until August 1992. In 1994, \"\"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\"\" began appearing on three Turner Broadcasting networks: TNT, Cartoon Network and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16723224", "chunk_text": "\"The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo\"\nThe 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo is the seventh incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\", and the final first-run version of the original 1969–1985 broadcast run of the series. It premiered on and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program. Thirteen episodes of the show were made in 1985. It replaced \"\"Scary Scooby Funnies\"\", a repackaging of earlier shows; another repackaged series, \"\"Scooby's Mystery Funhouse\"\", followed. The series also aired in reruns on USA Network in the 1990s, on Cartoon Network, and from time to time on Cartoon Network's sister channel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_195	when is last time the astros won the world series?	n/a	[ "2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1723949", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nthe U.S. crewed space program—was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the first domed sports stadium. The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012, first in the West Division from 1969 to 1993, followed by the Central Division from 1994 to 2012. The team was reclassified to the American League West from 2013 onward. While a member of the NL, the Astros played in one World Series in 2005, losing in four games to the Chicago White Sox. In 2017, they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11959295", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nboth the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and the state of Texas, its first World Series title. From 1888 until 1961, Houston's professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought an MLB team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men chiefly responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston: George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780124", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nAmerican League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history. The city of Houston celebrated the team's accomplishment with a parade on the afternoon of November 3, 2017. Houston's Independent School District gave the students and teachers the day off to watch the parade. On November 16, 2017 José Altuve was named the American League Most Valuable Player,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11937980", "chunk_text": "Houston\nsports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League. The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the \"\"Colt .45s\"\" until 1965) that won the World Series in 2017 and previously appeared in 2005. It is the only MLB team to have won pennants in both modern leagues. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association franchise based in the city since 1971. They have won two NBA Championships: in 1994 and 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon, Otis Thorpe, Clyde Drexler, Vernon Maxwell, and Kenny Smith. The Houston Texans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455145", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nis awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the second tie-breaker would be head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the third tie-breaker would be best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962. The Boston Red Sox won the 2018 World Series, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in 5 games for their fourth title since 2004. American League (AL)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780123", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nthe first team in Major League history to win three different divisions: National League West in 1980 and 1986, National League Central from 1997 to 1999 and 2001, and American League West in 2017. On September 29, the Astros won their 100th game of the season, the second time the Astros finished a season with over 100 wins, the first being in 1998. They finished 101–61, with a 21-game lead in the division, and faced the Red Sox in the first round of the AL playoffs. The Astros defeated the Red Sox three games to one, and advanced to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780120", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\ndivision rival (and eventual division winner) Texas Rangers. The Astros finished the 2016 season eleven games behind the Rangers. In 2014, \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series through their strategic rebuilding process. As of June 9, the Astros were 41–16, which gave them a 13.5-game lead over the rest of their division, and they had comfortable possession of the best record in the entire league. This was the best start in the Astros' 55-year history. As the games of June 23 concluded, the Astros had an 11.5-game lead over the rest of the division. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15257241", "chunk_text": "\"Drayton McLane\"\nthe National League in winning percentage (.543), but never won a World Series. The Astros, originally the Colt 45's, were founded in 1962. They won their first World Series in 2017 (2017 World Series). Up until 2017, the Astros 2005 season was the most successful season on the field for the Houston franchise. Winning the \"\"National League Pennant\"\" to advance to the World Series, Houston hosted the first World Series game ever played in the State of Texas. However, the Astros, who had rallied from a losing record earlier in the season, were swept by the Chicago White Sox in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780125", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\ncapping off a historic season in which he accumulated 200 hits for the fourth consecutive season, led the majors with a .346 BA, and was the unquestioned clubhouse leader of the World Series champions. On September 26, 2018, a victory by the Seattle Mariners over the Oakland A's sealed a repeat of the Astros as AL West division champs. For the third time in franchise history, the team won over 100 games. On September 29, they swept a doubleheader against the Baltimore Orioles to set a new franchise record of 103 wins. They finished the regular season 103-59, and faced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16069507", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Houston\"\n(MLS), Houston Dash (NWSL), and Houston SaberCats (MLR) . Houston does not have an NHL team. The Astros won the 2017 World Series for the first World Series win in franchise history. In 2006, the Dynamo won the MLS Cup in their first year after moving from San Jose, California, and in 2007 became the first MLS franchise since 1997 to repeat a championship. The Rockets won back-to-back NBA titles in 1994 and 1995. Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota Center (home of the Rockets) are located in Downtown Houston—contributing to an urban renaissance that has transformed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400068", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nreceived $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14 The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting. The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was \"\"Houston Astros' Day\"\". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade. Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series. 2017 World Series The 2017 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11937983", "chunk_text": "Houston\nStadium is where the University of Houston Houston Cougars football team plays. Houston has hosted several major sports events: the 1968, 1986 and 2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Games; the 1989, 2006 and 2013 NBA All-Star Games; Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl XXXVIII, and Super Bowl LI, as well as hosting the 1981, 1986, 1994 and 1995 NBA Finals, winning the latter two, and co-hosting the 2005 World Series and 2017 World Series, winning the latter. NRG Stadium hosted Super Bowl LI on February 5, 2017. The city has hosted several major professional and college sporting events, including the annual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15633936", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nthe Astrodome (1965-1999), and, currently, Minute Maid Park, a stadium with a retractable roof. The Astros hold one World Series title and one national league title. From 1888 until 1961, Houston's professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought a Major League team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men chiefly responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston: George Kirksey and Craig Cullinan, who had led a futile attempt to purchase the St. Louis Cardinals in 1952;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15978459", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Houston Astros season\"\nin the Division Series to advance to the American League Championship Series, where they lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox. The Houston Astros entered the 2018 Major League Baseball season as defending World Series champions after defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. In addition to achieving their first-ever World Series championship, they claimed both their first American League (AL) pennant and AL West division championship. Center fielder George Springer was named the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and right-handed starting pitcher Justin Verlander was the American League Championship Series (ALCS) MVP. A number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15978458", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Houston Astros season\"\n2018 Houston Astros season The 2018 Houston Astros season was the 57th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in Houston, their 54th as the Astros, sixth in both the American League (AL) and AL West division, and 19th at Minute Maid Park. The Astros were the defending World Series champions, having won the 2017 World Series four games to three over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Houston began the season March 29 against the Texas Rangers and finished the season on September 30 against the Baltimore Orioles. They repeated as American League West champions and swept the Cleveland Indians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780121", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nAstros entered the All-Star Break with an American League-best 60–29 record and a 16-game lead in the division, although the overall best record in MLB had just barely slipped to the Dodgers shortly before the All-Star Break by just one game. With Hurricane Harvey causing massive flooding throughout Houston and southeast Texas, the Astros' three-game series against the Texas Rangers for August 29–31, was relocated to Tropicana Field (home of the Tampa Bay Rays), in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Astros greatly improved against the Rangers in 2017, going 12–7 against them and winning the season series. At the August 31", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8306466", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Feliz\"\nseason, he was optioned back to the minors the next day. On April 25, 2016, he was promoted back to the major leagues. In 2017, Feliz made 46 appearances finishing with a 4–2 record and a 5.63 ERA. The Astros finished 2017 with a 101–61 record, and eventually won the 2017 World Series, the first time they won the series. Feliz was negated from postseason action, but was still on the 40-man roster at the time, giving him his first championship. On January 13, 2018, the Astros traded Feliz, along with Joe Musgrove, Colin Moran and Jason Martin, to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1723948", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nHouston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000. The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in along with the New York Mets. The current name—reflecting Houston's role as the control center of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780127", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nKile died as an active player with the St. Louis Cardinals. In addition, the Astros have not issued the number 17 since Lance Berkman was traded in 2010. The number 42 is retired by Major League Baseball in honor of Jackie Robinson. The Astros have held their spring training at FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches in West Palm Beach, Florida since 2017. They share the stadium with the Washington Nationals. From 1985 to 2016, the Astros held spring training at Osceola County Stadium in Kissimmee, Florida. <nowiki>*</nowiki>In December 2016, the Astros agreed to a 30-year deal to field a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8027026", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Clippard\"\nThe Astros finished the 2017 season with a 101–61 record, clinching the AL West. Clippard, however, was not part of any postseason action, although he was still on the Astros 40-man roster at the time. The Astros won their first World Series in franchise history as they bested the Los Angeles Dodgers in 7 games of the 2017 World Series. Clippard would still win his first career World Series championship after 11 seasons of service in the Majors. On March 7, 2018, Clippard signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. His contract was purchased by the Blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573820", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\"\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16534611", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nhighest-scoring offense in the major leagues (896 runs scored), including the highest batting average (.282), on-base percentage (.346), and slugging percentage (.478), led by AL batting champion and second baseman José Altuve (.346). Altuve won a number of distinctions, including Most Valuable Player (AL MVP), \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" Sportsperson of the Year, and Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year. He became just the second Astro to win the MVP, following Jeff Bagwell in 1994. The ALCS MVP was starting pitcher Justin Verlander, and World Series MVP center fielder George Springer. Manager A. J. Hinch led the on-field team, and general", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573827", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nthe Chicago White Sox. They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"\"Strong\"\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"\"Houston Strong\"\". Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12766746", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Bagwell\"\ncommemorative insignia and inscription, \"\"No. 5, Jeff Bagwell jersey retirement, Aug. 26, 2007.\"\" One was given to Bagwell and the other two were auctioned to raise funds on behalf of the Astros in Action Foundation. In 2009, Bagwell received the Bill Shea Distinguished Little League Graduate Award. Bagwell, along with Craig Biggio were on hand to witness the Astros win their first ever World Series championship at Dodger Stadium on November 1, 2017. Both were elated at their franchise's first championship with Bagwell saying, \"\"I'm ecstatic. They're great kids, they play hard, they never gave up. To see them win,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11962046", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nin the game, enabling the Cardinals to win the National League Wild Card, where they went on to beat the Texas Rangers in the World Series, with Lance Berkman being a key player in their championship victory. The Astros finished with a record of 56–106, the worst single-season record in franchise history (a record which would be broken the following season). In November 2010, Drayton McLane announced that the Astros were being put up for sale. McLane stated that because the Astros were one of the few franchises in Major League Baseball with only one family as the owners, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3767379", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nbats and driving in seven as the Astros' leadoff hitter. As a side note, Springer was featured on a 2014 cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" magazine that heralded a World Series win for the Astros in 2017. Altuve and Verlander were named co-winners of the Babe Ruth Award as MVPs of the Astros' postseason. In the Astros' 18-game championship run, Altuve batted .310/.388/.634, 22 hits, 14 runs scored, seven home runs, 14 RBI, and nine extra-base hits. He established a franchise record for total hits in a postseason. Further, he tied the record for home runs by a second baseman in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780122", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nwaiver-trade deadline GM Jeff Luhnow acquired veteran starting pitcher and Cy Young Award winner Justin Verlander to bolster the starting rotation. Verlander won each of his 5 regular season starts with the Astros, yielding only 4 runs over this stretch. He carried his success into the playoffs, posting a record of 4–1 in his 6 starts, and throwing a complete game in Game 2 of the ALCS. Verlander was named the 2017 ALCS MVP. The Astros clinched their first division title as a member of the American League West division, and first division title overall since 2001. They also became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16534610", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nin four games. Houston then advanced to the AL Championship Series (ALCS) and defeated the New York Yankees in seven games for their first American League pennant. It was the second league championship in franchise history, and first since 2005 and they became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. Finally, the Astros faced and defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the World Series, garnering the first World Series title in franchise history. During the regular season, the Astros featured the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3097887", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Texas\"\nwith two Major League Baseball teams. The Houston Astros started playing in 1962. The Texas Rangers debuted in 1972 after relocating from Washington, D.C. In 2005, the Astros became the first team in Texas to make it to the World Series. The Rangers followed the Astros in 2010 to their first World Series and the following year as well. In 2017, the Astros became the first team in Texas to win the World Series. Minor League Baseball is also closely followed in Texas—especially in the smaller metropolitan areas. Three teams play in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League: the El Paso", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8472630", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nHistory of the Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston,Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based out of Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team began with the name Colt .45s in 1962 and changed their name to the Houston Astros in 1965 when they began playing in the Astrodome. The team has played in three ballparks in Houston, Colt .45 Stadium (1962-1964),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400063", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nin seven games, a franchise won its first World Series title. After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted. 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros defeated Los Angeles Dodgers. Fox broadcast the series in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15634065", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nElston on September 5, and Berra on September 22. McMullen, after being a co-owner of the New York Yankees, purchased the Astros in 1979. He also brought Nolan Ryan to the Astros. In 1980, the Astros played the Philadelphia Phillies for the NL pennant with Gene Elston on the radio. In 1985, McMullen brought Yogi Berra in to be a bench coach for the new Astros manager Hal Lanier for the 1986 season, with Milo Hamilton on the radio. As for the 2015 MLB season, the Houston Astros finished 86-76 (.531), and made the playoffs for the first time since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3767378", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nconcluded the second-longest game in World Series history, running at five hours, 17 minutes. Doug Miller of MLB.com ranked World Series Game 5 as the top game of 2017. Springer homered and doubled in Game 7, finishing with two runs and two RBI. He hit five home runs, tying the World Series record shared by Reggie Jackson and Dodgers second baseman Chase Utley. He also homered in each of the final four games, setting a World Series record for consecutive games with a home run. Springer was named the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP), hitting 11 of 29 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780114", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\n100 games in a single season. They also became the first team to have the first overall pick in the draft three years in a row. They improved on their season in 2014, going 70–92, finishing 28 games back over the division winner Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and placing fourth in the AL West over the Texas Rangers. After a slow start, the Astros took over first place in the AL West on April 19 and stayed there until shortly before the All-Star Break in mid-July. The Astros retook first place on July 29, but fell from first on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11962066", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nClass-A Advanced team in Fayetteville, North Carolina, beginning in 2019. The team will play the 2017 and 2018 seasons in Buies Creek while a new stadium is built in Fayetteville. Since 2013, the Astros' flagship radio station is KBME, Sportstalk 790 AM (a Fox Sports Radio affiliate). Previously, the team had a partnership with KTRH (740 AM) which went from 1999 to 2012 (both stations are owned by iHeartMedia). This change suddenly made it difficult for listeners outside of Houston itself to hear the Astros, as KTRH runs 50 kilowatts of power day and night, and KBME runs only five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16534629", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nthe game. Giles struck out four of six batters faced for his first save of the ALCS and second of the postseason. On October 14, Verlander started Game 2, throwing a 13-strikeout, 2–1 complete game victory. The Astros won the game on a ninth-inning walk-off double by Carlos Correa that drove home Altuve. Facing elimination in Game 6 of the ALCS, Verlander pitched seven shutout innings in a 7−1 victory over the Yankees. The Astros also defeated the Yankees 4−0 in Game 7, on October 21, 2017, allowing them to advance to the World Series for the second time in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573821", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nfirst team from Texas to do so. It was the first time since 2001-2002 when two consecutive World Series went to seven games. Both teams set a World Series record with a combined total of 25 home runs throughout the entire series, including a team record 15 home runs by the Astros, and hit a combined total of eight home runs in Game 2 to set the single game World Series mark. Houston outfielder George Springer was named as the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) after hitting five home runs in the series to tie a World Series record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1437790", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\n2017 Houston Astros season The 2017 Houston Astros season was the 56th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in Houston, their 53rd as the Astros, fifth in both the American League (AL) and AL West division, and 18th at Minute Maid Park. The Astros began the regular season at home versus the Seattle Mariners on April 3, 2017, and concluded on the road at Fenway Park versus the Boston Red Sox on October 1. Following the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, the Astros added a patch on the front of their uniforms that read \"\"Houston Strong\"\". On September 17,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16534612", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Houston Astros season\"\nmanager Jeff Luhnow presided over the baseball operations department. The Astros sent six players to the 88th All-Star Game held at Marlins Park in Miami, including Altuve, Springer, shortstop Carlos Correa, and pitchers Dallas Keuchel, Lance McCullers Jr., and Chris Devenski. Bagwell, an iconic first baseman who spent his entire 15-year major league career in an Astros uniform, was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 30, 2017. Source Source Source Source Source Source One of the most memorable and debated manifestations to hallmark the 2017 season was José Altuve's height and style of play contrasts with that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7637161", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\n(in a strike year), 1995, and 1996, the Astros won consecutive division titles in 1997, 1998, and 1999. In the 1998 season, the Astros set a team record with 102 victories. However, each of these titles was followed by a first-round playoff elimination, in 1998 by the San Diego Padres and in 1997 and 1999 against the Atlanta Braves. The manager of these title teams was Larry Dierker, who had previously been a broadcaster and pitcher for the Astros. During this period, Bagwell, Biggio, Derek Bell, and Sean Berry earned the collective nickname \"\"The Killer Bs\"\". In later seasons, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15634068", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nseries of consecutive base hits. The Astros suffered a 9-6 loss and the 2015 ALDS was tied at 2-2. Then the 2015 ALDS went back to Kansas City, where the Royals clinched the series in the fifth game. History of the Houston Astros The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston,Texas that competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Astros are a member of the MLB's American League, having moved from the National League in 2013. The Astros are one of two MLB teams based out of Texas, the other being the Texas Rangers. The team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400067", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nbooth. For the first time, MLB sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; the internet television service YouTube TV is the first-ever presenting sponsor of the World Series. The series is officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series Presented by YouTube TV\"\". This sponsorship includes logo branding in-stadium and on official digital properties, as well as commercial inventory during Fox's telecasts of the games. This was Houston’s first sports championship since the Rockets’ 1995 title, and third overall. The Astros earned $30,420,155.57 from postseason pool money to split among team personnel; each share was worth $438,901.57. The Dodgers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19163131", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Fiers\"\na career high with 11 wins. In 2017, Fiers made 29 appearances (28 starts), finishing the year with a 8-10 record and a 5.22 ERA. The Astros finished the 2017 season with a 101-61 record, clinching an AL West pennant. Fiers did not participate in any playoff action, but was still on the 40-man roster at the time. The Astros won the 2017 World Series, giving Fiers his first career championship ring. On December 8, 2017, Fiers signed a one-year, $6 million contract with the Detroit Tigers. Fiers went through extended spring training due to a back injury, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14981467", "chunk_text": "\"2005 World Series\"\nand had not been in the Series since 1959, three years before the Astros' inaugural season. Like the 1982 World Series between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Milwaukee Brewers, the 2005 World Series is one of only two World Series in the modern era (1903–present) with no possibility for a rematch between the two opponents, because the Astros moved to the AL in 2013. However, the Brewers did meet the Cardinals in the 2011 NL Championship Series. The Astros would return to the World Series in 2017 as an AL franchise, where they would win in seven games against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2487024", "chunk_text": "\"National League Championship Series\"\nby a players' strike. In 1994, the league was restructured into three divisions, with the three division winners and a wild-card team advancing to a best-of-five postseason round, the National League Division Series (NLDS). The winners of that round advance to the best-of-seven NLCS. The Milwaukee Brewers, an American League team between 1969 and 1997, and the Houston Astros, a National League team between 1962 and 2012, are the only franchises to play in both the ALCS and NLCS. The Astros are the only team to have won both an NLCS (2005) and an ALCS (2017). The Astros made four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4870783", "chunk_text": "\"Hurricane Harvey\"\nHurricane Irma would force the stadium's regular tenants, the Tampa Bay Rays, to move three home games to Citi Field in New York City. In the aftermath, the Houston Astros began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"\"Strong\"\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"\"Houston Strong\"\", prominently displaying them as the Astros won the 2017 World Series. Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city. The annual Texas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1724006", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nstadium, in the off-season Astros management announced its intention to sell the team and move the franchise to the Washington, D.C. area. However, the move was not approved by other National League owners, thus compelling the Astros to remain in Houston. Shortly thereafter, McMullen (who also owned the NHL's New Jersey Devils) sold the team to Texas businessman Drayton McLane in 1993, who committed to keeping the team in Houston. Shortly after McLane's arrival, which coincided with the maturation of Bagwell and Biggio, the Astros began to show signs of consistent success. After finishing second in their division in 1994", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780115", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nSeptember 15. In September 2015, four men died who had been closely associated with the team: Yogi Berra, Gene Elston, Milo Hamilton, and John McMullen. McMullen and Hamilton passed on the same Thursday, September 17, 2015, Elston on September 5th, and Berra on September 22. McMullen, after being a co-owner of the New York Yankees, purchased the Astros in 1979. He also brought Nolan Ryan to the Astros. In 1980, the Astros played the Philadelphia Phillies for the NL pennant with Gene Elston on the radio. In 1985, McMullen brought Yogi Berra in to be a bench coach for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19684982", "chunk_text": "\"Evan Gattis\"\nand seven RBIs. He was optioned to the Corpus Christi Hooks of the Class AA Texas League on May 7, 2016, in order to transition back into a catcher. He was recalled on May 18, and started at catcher the next day. The Astros exercised their $5.2 million club option on Gattis' contract for the 2017 season. In 2017, Gattis played 84 games with a .263 batting average, 12 home runs, and 55 RBIs. The Astros finished the 2017 regular season with a 101-61, first in AL West, and won the 2017 World Series over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Gattis'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13936755", "chunk_text": "\"A. J. Hinch\"\nA. J. Hinch Andrew Jay Hinch (born May 15, 1974) is an American professional baseball coach and former catcher who is currently the manager for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). Prior to joining the Astros, Hinch played as catcher for the Oakland Athletics (–), Kansas City Royals (–), Detroit Tigers () and Philadelphia Phillies (), managed the Arizona Diamondbacks from May 2009 to July 2010, and was the vice president of professional scouting for the San Diego Padres from September 2010 to August 2014. Hinch won the 2017 World Series over the Los Angeles Dodgers as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_196	who is the speaker in shooting an elephant?	n/a	[ "Orwell" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265917", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nShooting an Elephant \"\"Shooting an Elephant\"\" is an essay by English writer George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine \"\"New Writing\"\" in late 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948. The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma. Because the locals expect him to do the job, he does so against his better judgment, his anguish increased by the elephant's slow and painful death. The story is regarded as a metaphor for British imperialism, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824556", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nhe is cornered into doing what the \"\"natives\"\" expect of him: \"\"He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it.\"\" \"\" In Moulmein, the narrator—Orwell, writing in the first person—is a police officer during a period of intense anti-European sentiment. Although his intellectual sympathies lie with the Burmese, his official role makes him a symbol of the oppressive imperial power. As such, he is subjected to constant baiting and jeering by the local people. After receiving a call regarding a normally tame elephant's rampage, the narrator, armed with a .44 caliber Winchester rifle and riding on a pony,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824573", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nquestioned Orwell's wife, Sonia Brownell, she replied, \"\"Of course he shot a fucking a [sic] elephant. He said he did. Why do you always doubt his word!\"\" Shooting an Elephant \"\"Shooting an Elephant\"\" is an essay by English writer George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine \"\"New Writing\"\" in late 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948. The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma. Because the locals expect him to do the job, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824563", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\ndirty work of the Empire at close quarters\"\". The narrator singles out \"\"Buddhist priests\"\"—persons synonymous with peace and goodwill—to be \"\"the worst of all\"\" and comments on how he would gladly \"\"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest's guts\"\". Having killed the elephant, the narrator considers how he was glad it killed the \"\"coolie\"\" as that gave him full legal backing. The essay finishes with him wondering if they will even understand his motive for having killed the elephant as he merely wished to salvage his pride. The narrator's conscience plagues him greatly as he finds himself trapped between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824557", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\ngoes to the town where the elephant has been seen. Entering one of the poorest quarters, he receives conflicting reports and contemplates leaving, thinking the incident is a hoax. The narrator then sees a village woman chasing away children who are looking at the corpse of an Indian whom the elephant has trampled and killed. He sends an order to bring an elephant rifle and, followed by a group of roughly a few thousand people, heads toward the paddy field where the elephant has rested in its tracks. Although he does not want to kill the elephant now that it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265930", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nshort film by director Juan Pablo Rothie and Academy Award nominated writer Alec Sokolow. The film was shot entirely on location in Nepal starring Barry Sloane as Eric Blair. The degree to which the story is fiction has been disputed. In his biography of Orwell, \"\"George Orwell: A Life\"\", Bernard Crick cast doubt on the idea that Orwell himself actually shot an elephant. No independent account of Orwell's actions has been found and there was no official record of the incident, which was unusual considering the destruction of valuable property. Peter Davison, the editor of Orwell's \"\"Complete Works\"\", includes an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265924", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nIndian it killed. The narrator then wonders if they will ever understand that he did it \"\"solely to avoid looking a fool.\"\" An anti-imperialist writer, Orwell promotes the idea that, through imperialism, both conqueror and conquered are destroyed. Orwell clearly states his displeasure with colonial Britain: \"\"I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing... I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British.\"\" The narrator perceives that the conqueror is not in control, but it is rather the will of the people that governs his actions. As ruler, he notes that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "226061", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting Elephants\"\nget away with most of the stolen cash. British actor John Cleese was signed up for the role of Michael Simpson, but due to heart problems he was unable to perform in the film. Stewart agreed to replace him and the script was modified to closer fit his personality. \"\"Hunting Elephants\"\" has been widely screened, but received mostly negative reviews from critics. Ma'ariv praised the film for creating a fun setting and going against the stereotype of what old people should be doing, but criticized it for being vulgar and sexist in its treatment of the sub-plot with the caretaker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11623420", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting Elephants\"\nHunting Elephants Hunting Elephants (, \"\"Latzud Pilim\"\", \"\"lit.\"\" To Hunt Elephants) is a 2013 Israeli crime comedy film directed by Reshef Levi. It stars, among others, Sasson Gabai, Moni Moshonov and Patrick Stewart. It was released to theaters in Israel on July 4, 2013. The plot centers around Jonathan (Gil Blank), a 12-year-old boy who, with his grandfather and two others, attempts to rob the bank where his deceased father had worked. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Jonathan's father, Daniel (Tzvika Hadar), dies of a heart attack in his workplace, with Jonathan present but unable to help him.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1319057", "chunk_text": "\"Linguistic competence\"\nspeaker, while wearing pajamas, shot an elephant or (2) the speaker shot an elephant that was inside his pyjamas. Propositions by linguists such as Victor Raskin and Salvatore Attardo have been made stating that there are certain linguistic mechanisms (part of our linguistic competence) underlying our ability to understand humor and determine if something was meant to be a joke. Raskin puts forth a formal semantic theory of humor, which is now widely known as the semantic script theory of humor (SSTH). The semantic theory of humour is designed to model the native speaker's intuition with regard to humor or,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18455074", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry Safari\"\nTom and his owner are then off into the jungle riding on an elephant from Nertz. Jerry tries to climb aboard, but Tom points a gun at him, and in the process, he falls off and the gun's blast rockets him into a tree. Tom gets his nose stuck in the gun's barrel, but as he tries to get it out, he's at risk of getting shot because the trigger is caught on a branch. Tom's owner notices him and yells \"\"THAT'S MY GUN! GIVE IT TO ME!!\"\". He manages to get his nose out, and the bullets end up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5997267", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Miranda\"\nTom Miranda Thomas Lee \"\"Tom\"\" Miranda Jr. (born January 21, 1958) is an American bowhunter, trapper, television host and author. He originally gained fame as a fur trapping instructor by producing video trapping lessons. From this venture he embarked on a lengthy career as a television bowhunter and is most known for his television bowhunting adventures seen on ESPN, VERSUS and other cable networks. Has killed an African bull elephant with several shots from a bow. Miranda was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio. The son of Betty Jean (Blanton) a stay at home mom and Thomas Lee Miranda a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824558", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nseems peaceful, the narrator feels pressured by the demand of the crowd for the act to be carried out. After inquiring as to the elephant's behavior and delaying for some time, he shoots the elephant several times, wounding it but unable to kill it. The narrator then leaves the beast, unable to be in its presence as it continues to suffer. He later learns that it was stripped, nearly to the bone, within hours. His elderly colleagues agree that killing the elephant was the best thing to do, but the younger ones believe that it was worth more than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13944333", "chunk_text": "\"7×57mm Mauser\"\nAfrican Elephants with 1893 pattern 7×57mm military ball ammunition using Rigby Mauser 98 rifles, when most ivory hunters were using larger-caliber rifles. Bell selected the cartridge for moderate recoil, and used long round-nosed military full metal jacket bullets for reliable penetration. Bell sectioned an elephant skull to determine the size and location of the brain, and used careful aim to ensure bullet placement in the brain. The 7×57mm was also the favored cartridge of Eleanor O'Connor, wife of famous hunter and author Jack O'Connor. Eleanor accompanied her husband on multiple hunting expeditions all over the world, killing small and large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13438136", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting Elephants\"\nthat it saved the film. Hunting Elephants Hunting Elephants (, \"\"Latzud Pilim\"\", \"\"lit.\"\" To Hunt Elephants) is a 2013 Israeli crime comedy film directed by Reshef Levi. It stars, among others, Sasson Gabai, Moni Moshonov and Patrick Stewart. It was released to theaters in Israel on July 4, 2013. The plot centers around Jonathan (Gil Blank), a 12-year-old boy who, with his grandfather and two others, attempts to rob the bank where his deceased father had worked. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Jonathan's father, Daniel (Tzvika Hadar), dies of a heart attack in his workplace, with Jonathan present", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824560", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nit is his duty to appear resolute, with his word being final. Although it is not the narrator's wish to shoot the elephant, and even though he holds a weapon far beyond the technological capabilities of the natives, his will is not his own and, due to their expectation, he realises that he must shoot the elephant; \"\"I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind.\"\" Reflectively, the narrator realises that being forced to impose strict laws and to shoot the elephant—he states his feelings against the act, but submits after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824561", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\ncomprehending he \"\"had got to shoot the elephant\"\"—illustrates an inherent problem of hegemony: \"\"when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.\"\" By enforcing the strict British rule, he is forfeiting his freedom while concurrently oppressing the Burmese. The narrator's situation throughout the essay is one of little prospect or prominence. He comments on how, even though he is of the ruling class, he finds himself either largely ignored by the Burmese people or hated. He remarks in the first sentence, \"\"I was hated by large numbers of people—the only time in my life that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8478694", "chunk_text": "Musth\nsays that the king's elephants drip ichor in seven streams to match the scent put forth by the seven-leaved 'sapta-cchada' (= \"\"seven-leaf\"\") tree (perhaps \"\"Alstonia scholaris\"\"). Some poets turn it around to compare the elephant's ichor to the \"\"saptacchada\"\". The phenomenon has been described in poetry much before the time of Kalidasa, in Sanskrit, Tamil and Pali literature. \"\"Shooting an Elephant\"\" is an autobiographical account by George Orwell in which he describes how an elephant in Burma had an attack of musth and killed an Indian, which in turn, caused the death of the elephant. Sangam poetry describes musth. Kummatoor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247907", "chunk_text": "\"Lansing, Michigan\"\nRoad in Lansing, and escaped into the streets, aggravated by the frenzied pursuit of nearly 4,000 local residents. The incident ended with the shooting of the elephant by Lansing police. Provoked by the growing crowd, Rajje's rampage took her through the men's wear, sporting goods and gift departments of a local Arlan's discount store before leading police on a two-mile chase in which she knocked down and injured a 67-year-old man, tried to move a car, and caused thousands of dollars in damage before being subdued. \"\"Life Magazine\"\" quoted Rajje's trainer, William Pratt, as shouting at the scene, \"\"Damn these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12108016", "chunk_text": "\"James H. Sutherland\"\nbronze tablet on the spot, engraved with two elephants standing beneath a palm tree, which reads in part: To the Memory of that great elephant Hunter – JIM SUTHERLAND. Over the course of his life, Sutherland shot between 1,300 and 1,600 elephants. In \"\"The Adventures Of An Elephant Hunter\"\", Sutherland describes two very close encounters with elephants and one with a buffalo. On one occasion an elephant hurled him into the air and he landed on its back, holding on for dear life he managed to grab an overhanging branch, drop to the ground then, once he had recovered his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265931", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\ninterview with George Stuart, a contemporary of Orwell in Burma, who said that Orwell was transferred to Kathar as punishment for shooting an elephant. \"\"An elephant was considered a valuable asset to any timber firm...and Orwell would have been severely reprimanded for such unnecessary slaughter. It was not long after the incident that he was transferred from Moulmein to a quiet post in Upper Burma called Katha.\"\" Davison also includes in the complete works a news item from the \"\"Rangoon Gazette\"\", March 22, 1926 which describes a Major E. C. Kenny shooting an elephant in similar circumstances. When one biographer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5319027", "chunk_text": "\"W. D. M. Bell\"\nW. D. M. Bell Walter Dalrymple Maitland Bell (1880–1954), known as Karamojo Bell, was a Scottish adventurer, big game hunter in East Africa, soldier, decorated fighter pilot, sailor, writer, and painter. Famous as one of the most successful ivory hunters of his time, Bell was an advocate of accurate shot placement with smaller calibre rifles, over the heavy large-bore rifles his contemporaries used for big African game. He improved his hunting skills by the dissection and study of the skulls of elephants he shot. He perfected a technique of shooting elephants from the extremely difficult position, diagonally behind the target;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15403632", "chunk_text": "\"World Elephant Day\"\nDay was held on August 12, 2012. The film Return to the Forest, narrated by William Shatner, is about the reintroduction of captive Asian elephants to the wild and was released on the inaugural World Elephant Day. The follow-up feature film When Elephants Were Young, also narrated by William Shatner, depicts the life of a young man and young elephant in Thailand. The demand for ivory, which is highest in China, leads to the illegal poaching of both African and Asian elephants. For example, one of the world's largest elephants, Satao, was recently killed for his iconic tusks. Another iconic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18455075", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry Safari\"\ndestroying his owner's hat. The elephant hands Tom over to the angry owner, who punishes him by wrapping a shotgun over his head and firing it, deafening him. Tom manages to clear his ears out and is able to hear the sounds of the jungle. Soon after, Jerry pokes his head out of a gun's barrel and taunts Tom. Tom tries to grab Jerry, but his owner immediately yells to him \"\"DON'T TOUCH MY GUNS!!!\"\", which scares Tom off of the basket and onto the elephant's buckle. To make matters worse, Jerry unbuckles the belt, causing Tom to fall off.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18392714", "chunk_text": "\"Elephant Walk\"\nshe says. \"\"I'm not,\"\" he replies. \"\"Let them have their Elephant Walk. Ruth, we'll build a new place - a home - somewhere else!\"\" The bull elephant which appeared on the road (near the beginning of the film) raises his trunk, and gives a mighty trumpet call, as the words appear on the screen, \"\"The End.\"\" The film was based on a novel published in 1949. Film rights were originally bought by Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Alexander MacDonald for their production company, Dougfair. The movie was to be released through United Artists and star Fairbanks and Deborah Kerr. D.M. Marshman,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13390560", "chunk_text": "\"Elephant joke\"\ngenerations of children, remaining, in Isaac Asimov's words \"\"favorites of youngsters and of unsophisticated adults\"\". Asimov discusses one particular elephant joke that he states is notable for the exceptional sophistication of its humor. The joke was told in the aftermath of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby, who had walked into Dallas police headquarters carrying a gun, and, in Asimov's words, while still maintaining the absurdity necessary for elephant jokes \"\"carried a quick overtone of chill rationality\"\": Elephant jokes rely upon absurdity and incongruity for their humor, and a contrast with the normal presumptions of knowledge about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "226059", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting Elephants\"\ncareer. Eliyahu's wife Roda (Rina Schenfeld) is in a coma in their elderly home, with no chance of recovery. She was the daughter of a British lord and inherited his estate in Israel, while her brother Michael Simpson (Patrick Stewart), broke because he chose to be a theater actor to the chagrin of their father, seeks to take Roda off life support and get the estate. The estate had in fact already been sold by Eliyahu to pay for Roda's lengthy hospitalization and a home for himself and Nick. To solve their financial problems, Jonathan, Michael, Eliyahu and Nick plan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6357818", "chunk_text": "\"The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill\"\nof the Beatles except for Lennon, who by Cooke de Herrera's account was \"\"a genius\"\" but distant and contemptuous of the wealthy American Cooke de Herrera and her clean-cut, college-attending son. According to Nancy's life account, \"\"Beyond Gurus\"\", the genesis of the song occurred when she, Rik, and several others, including guides, set out upon elephants to hunt for a tiger (allegedly presented by their Indian guide as a traditional act). The pack of elephants was attacked by a tiger, which was shot by Rik. Rik was initially proud of his quick reaction and posed for a photograph with his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5604917", "chunk_text": "\"Rabbit Fire\"\ngun,\"\" suggesting that Elmer shoot an elephant instead. Just as Elmer is considering it, a huge elephant appears from literally nowhere, threatens Elmer in a Joe Besser voice, and preemptively pounds him into the ground before striding off. Elmer finally loses patience and decides to take out both Bugs \"\"and\"\" Daffy. Daffy comes into the scene, disguised as a hunting dog and Bugs comes in as a lady hunter. It appears that the outrage of Elmer hunting for sport rather than for food has united both rabbit and duck against him. Initially, Elmer is smitten by the 'lady' (Bugs gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18455079", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry Safari\"\nhis gun, Tom hides Jerry in the elephant's trunk, and the Elephants sees Jerry Hided from His Trunk, and Jerry Comes Out of Elephant's Trunk, and he Said ( A mouse, A mouse, A mouse) scaring it and causing it to run off. All three of them try to run from the rhino, who pokes them with his horn and launches them into the air and they land on a tree branch, which snaps (at a good timing) and causes them to fall on top of the rhino. Later, the rhino, Tom's owner and Tom are tied onto a long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11623421", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting Elephants\"\nThe bank manager, Dedi (Moshe Ivgy), refuses to pay compensation because the contract with the insurance company doesn't cover such events. Jonathan's mother, Dorit (Yael Abecassis), starts going out with Dedi because she needs the money, leaving Jonathan in an elderly home with his grandfather Eliyahu (Sasson Gabai). Eliyahu and his friend Nick (Moni Moshonov) are former Lehi fighters who used to rob British banks to fund the organization's activities. Eliyahu had been at odds with Daniel and Dorit for many years, and hated Dorit for not performing an abortion and, in his opinion, ruining Daniel's life and burying his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7854378", "chunk_text": "\"The Elephant Whisperer\"\nThe Elephant Whisperer The Elephant Whisperer published in April 2009 by Pan Macmillan in London and in July 2009 by Thomas Dunne/St Martin's Press in New York, is the second book written by South African author and conservationist Lawrence Anthony along with journalist Graham Spence. This bestselling book tells the story of a herd of wild African elephants on an African game reserve. The herd is destined to be shot for dangerous behaviour when Anthony intervenes to try to save their lives. \"\"The Elephant Whisperer\"\" has been translated into French, German, Italian, Chinese, and Spanish and has been published by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "226060", "chunk_text": "\"Hunting Elephants\"\nto rob the bank where Daniel worked, being intimately familiar with the bank's defense systems. They stage a number of diversions which causes the bank to turn off one of the main alarm systems, allowing them to enter the safe. The first plan goes awry when Nick, who was supposed to be a hostage himself, takes a guard's gun and his own hostages, but he is not sent to prison because of his dementia. Eliyahu then robs the bank himself, and Jonathan, pretending to be a victim, burns some of the money in front of the police, allowing him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14796689", "chunk_text": "Musth\nThe mahout, who is in want of money, takes his temple-trained elephant to do this job, in the vain hope that wild elephants won't come in. But wild elephants start attacking the village on the harvest day. The temple-trained elephant gets into musth and thus fights with the wild elephants, kills the most notorious among the herd, and gets killed because of injuries sustained during the fight. In his James Bond novel \"\"The Man With the Golden Gun\"\", Ian Fleming wrote that the villain, Francisco Scaramanga, was driven to become a cold-blooded assassin after authorities shot an elephant that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8145620", "chunk_text": "\"Africa Squeaks\"\nover to the village, as the narrator says that his journey is finally over. Stanley presumes that the white man is Dr. Livingstone. The white man reveals himself to be \"\"Cake-Icer\"\", as he is a music teacher (a reference to Kay Kyser). He asks the students if he's right, and then a monkey comes out of Stanley's hat saying \"\"Yeah!\"\" many times. Cake-Icer wants everyone to dance, and music starts with an elephant using his trunk like a tuba. Everybody starts dancing, including two fat Africans. The narrator says that after a long day, they decide to return home. Then,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265927", "chunk_text": "\"Shooting an Elephant\"\nI have been important enough for this to happen to me.\"\" Only with the expectation of a killing do the locals find him \"\"momentarily worth watching.\"\" He describes how, as a police officer, he was often a target for mockery from the locals, as was any European who provided an easy target. In contrast to his description of the natives as \"\"little beasts\"\", the narrator labels the elephant as a \"\"great beast\"\", suggesting he holds it in higher esteem than the locals. This is somewhat paradoxical, however, as the narrator's own job is demeaning and forces him to see \"\"the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426777", "chunk_text": "\"Elephant (2003 film)\"\nElephant (2003 film) Elephant is a 2003 drama film edited, written and directed by Gus Van Sant. It takes place in the fictional Watt High School, in the suburbs of Portland, Oregon, and chronicles the events surrounding a school shooting, based in part on the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. The film begins a short time before the shooting occurs, following the lives of several characters both in and out of school, who are unaware of what is about to unfold. The film stars mostly new or non-professional actors, including John Robinson, Alex Frost, and Eric Deulen. \"\"Elephant\"\" is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2156748", "chunk_text": "\"Execution by elephant\"\nhereditary name of 'Gunga Rao'.\"\" Elephants were widely used across the Indian subcontinent and South Asia as a method of execution. The English sailor Robert Knox, writing in 1681, described a method of execution by elephant which he had witnessed while being held captive in Sri Lanka. Knox says the elephants he witnessed had their tusks fitted with \"\"sharp Iron with a socket with three edges\"\". After impaling the victim's body with its tusks, the elephant would \"\"then tear it in pieces, and throw it limb from limb\"\". The 19th century traveler James Emerson Tennent comments that \"\"a Kandyan [Sri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16927", "chunk_text": "\"World Elephant Day\"\nincluding Leonardo DiCaprio, Kristin Davis, William Shatner, Yao Ming, Prince William, Jorja Fox, Alec Baldwin, Stephen Fry, Ashley Judd, Jada Pinkett Smith, Kathryn Bigelow, and politicians such as Barack Obama, and Hillary and Chelsea Clinton. World Elephant Day World Elephant Day is an international annual event on August 12, dedicated to the preservation and protection of the world's elephants. Conceived in 2011 by Canadian filmmakers Patricia Sims and Michael Clark of Canazwest Pictures, and Sivaporn Dardarananda, Secretary-General of the Elephant Reintroduction Foundation in Thailand, it was officially founded, supported and launched by Patricia Sims and the Elephant Reintroduction Foundation on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17923506", "chunk_text": "\"Electrocuting an Elephant\"\nof the death of an animal. Thompson and Dundy cut the event back to invited guest and press only and agreed to use a surer method of strangling the elephant with large ropes tied to a steam powered winch. They also agreed they would use poison and electricity as well. The 74 second film opens with a standard Edison Studios credit screen \"\"ELECTROCUTING AN ELEPHANT\"\" \"\"Thomas A. Edison\"\" and then cuts to Topsy being led past a crowd of people through an unfinished Luna Park to the execution spot, an island in the middle of a \"\"lagoon\"\" used for boat-rides,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18455076", "chunk_text": "\"Sorry Safari\"\nLater, the owner manages as he falls off. Tom's owner, blaming Tom for the act, angrily traps him in the overturned basket and the elephant walks off without them. The two attempt to get back on the elephant, but fail, and just as the owner prepares to punch Tom, they are both interrupted by the thunderous roar of a lion. Frightened, the owner reaches back for Tom to hand him a gun for self defense as Tom searches the basket. Jerry hands him with a thermos and he gives it to Tom's owner. As the hunter fights the lion, Jerry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2755471", "chunk_text": "\"4 bore\"\nits size, it was unpopular due to the problem of thick smoke and a powerful recoil. Notable hunters that used the rifles included Sir Samuel White Baker and Frederick Selous, who used it consistently in his career as an ivory hunter of African elephants between 1874 and 1876 until the advent of the lighter, more accurate and less cumbersome Nitro Express calibers and cordite propellant. In the mid-1870s, Selous favoured a four bore black powder muzzleloader for killing elephant, a short barreled musket firing a quarter pound bullet with as much as 20 drams (540 grains) of black powder. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15865918", "chunk_text": "\"Kathy Hamilton\"\nshooting club, along with money for satellite phones for a trip to Africa, where Breuder shot and killed an African elephant. (The \"\"Forbes\"\" article published a photo of Breuder standing over the dead elephant). In response to learning about the imprest fund, Hamilton successfully passed a transparency initiative that forces the college to publicly post on the Internet all payments made through the imprest fund. In August 2014, the Board of Trustees formally censured Kathy Hamilton for inappropriate conduct. The censure stated that Hamilton publicly embarrassed board members; sent text messages from her phone during board meetings and refused to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14977847", "chunk_text": "\"Elephant Song (film)\"\nand displays signs of rationality and intelligence that draws the doctor deeper into the plot despite warnings by nurse Susan Peterson (Catherine Keener) to keep a distance from the patient. Dr. Greene is assigned to investigate Michael's involvement as Michael draws the doctor into his plot by convincing him not to read his files, but rather form his own opinion based on what Michael has to offer in explanations. Michael continues revealing his troubled experiences with parents. The elephant connection is from his sole meeting with his father in a nature reserve, when the father kills an elephant in front", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6532385", "chunk_text": "\"The Elephant Calf\"\nThe Elephant Calf The Elephant Calf (Das Elefantenkalb), also known as The Baby Elephant, is an early one-act surrealistic prose farce written by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht. It originally formed the penultimate scene of Brecht's full-length play \"\"Man Equals Man\"\", but by 1926 Brecht had separated it to an appendix to the published text. It was performed as part of \"\"Man Equals Man\"\" that same year. It is an interlude form of play within a play and in a later note Brecht suggests that it is \"\"to be played in the foyer\"\". He has also given it the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "590154", "chunk_text": "\"Noah and Nelly in... SkylArk\"\nother frowning. Although there is only one animal of each type, they are referred to in the plural - Brian the lions and Rose the Elephants. As with the earlier \"\"Roobarb\"\", the main narration is provided by British actor Richard Briers. However, co-narrator Peter Hawkins manages to find a different and appropriate voice for each of the many animals. The story follows roughly the same pattern each episode. Captain Nutty Noah consults his map and randomly picks out a place to visit. The SkylArk is then shown travelling to its destination by balloon, on wheels, underwater with snorkelling figureheads or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439638", "chunk_text": "Elephant\ncommon in children's stories, in which they are generally cast as models of exemplary behaviour. They are typically surrogates for humans with ideal human values. Many stories tell of isolated young elephants returning to a close-knit community, such as \"\"The Elephant's Child\"\" from Rudyard Kipling's \"\"Just So Stories\"\", Disney's \"\"Dumbo,\"\" and Kathryn and Byron Jackson's \"\"The Saggy Baggy Elephant\"\". Other elephant heroes given human qualities include Jean de Brunhoff's Babar, David McKee's Elmer, and Dr. Seuss's Horton. Elephant The elephants are the large mammals forming the family Elephantidae in the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10196716", "chunk_text": "\"Kosik (elephant)\"\nKosik (elephant) Kosik (Korean: 코식; pronounced Ko-shik) is a male Indian elephant (\"\"Elephas maximus\"\") in the Everland theme park in Yongin, South Korea who was born in 1990. He made headlines in September 2006 when it was discovered he could imitate the Korean words for \"\"yes\"\" (네), \"\"no\"\" (아니오), \"\"sit\"\" (앉아), \"\"lie down\"\" (누워), and four other words. He makes the sounds by putting his trunk in his mouth and shaking it while exhaling, similar to the way a human whistles with fingers in his or her mouth. Kwon Su-wan, director of the zoo in Seoul, said: \"\"We plan to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "107627", "chunk_text": "\"John Sedgwick\"\nopen and was quoted as saying, \"\"What? Men dodging this way for single bullets? What will you do when they open fire along the whole line?\"\" Although ashamed, his men continued to flinch and he said, \"\"Why are you dodging like this? They couldn't hit an elephant at this distance.\"\" Reports that he never finished the sentence are apocryphal, although the line was among his last words. He was shot by a Whitworth rifle moments later under the left eye and fell down dead. His chief of staff Martin T. McMahon said that the sharpshooters' bullets were flying all around,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628801", "chunk_text": "\"Eat the Elephant\"\nElephant\"\", was written in response to the suicide of two people close to him, and early versions of the song were co-written with Chester Bennington, who committed suicide in July 2017. Howerdel also noted being affected by the November 2017 passing of AC/DC's Malcolm Young. The track \"\"So Long, And Thanks for All the Fish\"\" also makes allusions to the 2016 deaths of Gene Wilder, Muhammad Ali, Carrie Fisher and David Bowie. The track \"\"Disillusioned\"\" originally had the working title of \"\"Dreams\"\", and was inspired by the death of Robin Williams, and his role in the 1998 film \"\"What Dreams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_197	who plays sheila carter on the bold and the beautiful?	n/a	[ "Kimberlin Brown", "Michelle Stafford" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7724467", "chunk_text": "\"Kimberlin Brown\"\nOctober 2017, Brown formally announced her candidacy as a Republican for California's 36th congressional district, challenging Democrat Raul Ruiz in the November 2018 election. Kimberlin Brown Kimberlin Brown Pelzer (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress best known for her role as Sheila Carter in \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" between 1990 and 2018. Brown was born in Hayward, California. She has been married to Gary Pelzer since May 1991. They have two children, Alexes Marie (born 1994) and Nicholas. Kimberlin started on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" in 1990 (after originally auditioning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7724463", "chunk_text": "\"Kimberlin Brown\"\nKimberlin Brown Kimberlin Brown Pelzer (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress best known for her role as Sheila Carter in \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" between 1990 and 2018. Brown was born in Hayward, California. She has been married to Gary Pelzer since May 1991. They have two children, Alexes Marie (born 1994) and Nicholas. Kimberlin started on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" in 1990 (after originally auditioning for the role of Cassandra Rawlins) and moved to \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" in 1992 playing Sheila on both soaps. While she left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19646894", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nSheila Carter Sheila Carter is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That same year, Michelle Stafford took over the role, after Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers. Brown returned to the role of Sheila on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", beginning on June 9, 2017. Sheila", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1464075", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nis known as a villain. A significant portion of Sheila's history on both soaps revolves around her long-running conflict with Lauren Fenmore, whom she has attempted to kill on multiple occasions. She has also had conflicts with Stephanie Forrester, Maggie Forrester, Amber Moore, Taylor Hayes, Brooke Logan, Phyllis Summers and Quinn Fuller. The role was portrayed by Kimberlin Brown for a total of 16 years. Her first run was on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" from May 1990 to May 20, 1992, when the character crossed over to \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" from May 21, 1992, to October 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2917404", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nherself outside the closed mansion door. Sheila is often considered to be one of the most popular villains in daytime. Kimberlin Brown was nominated for a Daytime Emmy in the role as Outstanding Supporting Actress in 1993. Sheila Carter Sheila Carter is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", American soap operas on the CBS network. Created by William J. Bell, the role was introduced in 1990 — by Edward J. Scott — under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown, who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006. That", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932187", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nScott and her real son, Scott Jr. In 1992, Sheila is reintroduced on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" and she quickly worms her way into fashion CEO Eric Forrester (John McCook)'s life by becoming the company nurse at Forrester Creations in Los Angeles, as well as working as Rick Forrester's nanny (after staging an accident that leaves the former nanny, Judy, hospitalized, and later threatening Judy and her family). Sheila and Eric fall in love and are eventually engaged, which angers Eric's ex-wife Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), who suspects Sheila is a gold digger and a liar. To Sheila's dismay,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18891645", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Wills\"\nSheila Wills Sheila Wills (sometimes credited as Sheila DeWindt; born August 11, 1947) is an American actress. She is known for her regular role on the television series \"\"B.J. and the Bear\"\", and recurring roles on series including \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\", and \"\"Generations\"\". Wills was born in Louisiana and raised in Los Angeles, California. She started working at a young age, stating in 1982, \"\"I've had a job since I was 11 - it might have been waiting tables or cleaning houses... but it helped me attain a goal\"\". Wills graduated from Occidental College, where she later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932214", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nto fire her gun at Phyllis. In 2012, a woman claiming to be Daisy's mother checks her out of a mental institution, signing the name \"\"Sheila Carter\"\" on the release form. Michael has said signature analyzed to see if it fits Sheila's handwriting, and results turn out to be inconclusive. Sheila (Brown) returns to Los Angeles in June 2017. When she attempts to leave Katie Logan (Heather Tom)'s home without being noticed, Quinn Forrester (Rena Sofer) hears her leaving, immediately asking who she is. Introducing herself as a friend of the Logan family, Sheila reveals herself to Katie, making for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18891647", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Wills\"\nHal DeWindt. Wills and DeWindt married two years later. The couple divorced in 1981, and the actress returned to using the name Wills some years later. Following her divorce, Wills had a relationship with actor Philip Michael Thomas. Wills and Thomas had two children together, Melody and India. Sheila Wills Sheila Wills (sometimes credited as Sheila DeWindt; born August 11, 1947) is an American actress. She is known for her regular role on the television series \"\"B.J. and the Bear\"\", and recurring roles on series including \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\", and \"\"Generations\"\". Wills was born in Louisiana and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6582604", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Hyatt\"\nMichael Hyatt Charlene \"\"Michael\"\" Hyatt is a British-born American actress. Before her work in film and television, she performed on stages throughout the country, particularly in \"\"Ragtime\"\" on Broadway. She has played Brianna Barksdale on \"\"The Wire\"\", Dr. Noelle Akopian on \"\"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\"\" and Detective Sheila Muncie on \"\"Ray Donovan\"\". Hyatt was born in Birmingham, West Midlands, to Vera Hyatt, an art historian, museologist, and former Deputy Director of the National Gallery of Jamaica, and Charles Hyatt, a Jamaican actor, broadcaster, and comedian. Her parents are both from Jamaica. As a child, Hyatt was exposed to art and theater from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17049737", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nKaye). Sheila immediately begins to dig into the life of Eric, rooting herself into his marriage with Quinn. After scheming with Forrester security officer, Charlie Webber, Sheila exposes Quinn's affair with Ridge. As Sheila comforts and supports an emotionally hurt Eric, she is confronted by Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), who — believing Sheila to be armed — shoots her in Eric's hotel room, but she survives, only sustaining a flesh wound. Sheila continues to insinuate herself into Eric's life, faking a concussion after a catfight with Quinn to manipulate Eric into letting her stay in the Forrester mansion. Sheila", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6332996", "chunk_text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\nin the final year ratings. Initially CBS' lowest-rated soap, its numbers were still respectable and began to climb. By 1992, after a successful crossover involving villain Sheila Carter from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", it had climbed to third. By the mid-to-late 1990s, following yet another crossover, it moved up to second and has consistently remained there since. Throughout the 2000s (decade), \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" and all the other remaining network daytime dramas have witnessed a steady erosion of viewers, mainly due to vastly altered viewing habits induced by cable networks and alternative genres such as reality, court", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049291", "chunk_text": "\"Robin Riker\"\nRobin Riker Robin Riker (born October 2, 1952) is an American actress and author. After deciding to pursue a career in film and television, she moved to Hollywood and landed her first film role in \"\"Alligator\"\" penned by John Sayles. She went on to have starring roles in the prime-time sitcoms \"\"Brothers\"\", \"\"Shaky Ground\"\", \"\"Thunder Alley\"\", \"\"The Gregory Hines Show\"\" and \"\"Get a Life\"\". She also became the fourth and final actress to play Beth Logan on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Robin Riker was born on October 2, 1952 in New York City. Both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17049725", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nholds Eric and Taylor Hayes Forrester (Hunter Tylo) hostage at the mansion. But when Brooke walks into the room, a struggle ensues in which Taylor and Brooke are shot. Brooke survives her wounds, whereas Taylor succumbs (a few years later, Taylor was revealed to still be alive). Sheila is arrested and subsequently confronted by her daughter, who condemns Sheila's actions and wants nothing to do with her. Sheila is jailed for her crimes but soon escapes with the help of a sympathetic warden named Sugar (Robin Mattson). She then kidnaps Ridge and Brooke, while on their South American honeymoon. Soon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11816838", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Harrison\"\nEmily Harrison Emily Harrison (born June 13, 1977 in Louisiana, Missouri) is an American actress. Harrison is most well known as Jennifer Finnigan's replacement in the role of Bridget Forrester on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", which she played from January to July 2004. Following a viewer backlash, Harrison's on-screen air time began to diminish, which was speculated to be the reason for her drop to recurring status after just a handful of episodes. Harrison's on-screen love interest, Brian Gaskill (Oscar Marone), was dropped from the show around the same time. By July the same year, Harrison had been dropped", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14096682", "chunk_text": "\"Toy Newkirk\"\nToy has produced shows for networks such as FOX, WE, Bravo, NBC, E! etc. Toy has been successfully charged to develop, format and deliver broadcast quality programming for shows such as biographies of Vanessa Williams, Billy Joel & The Eagles, HBO’s Tracey Ullman special, E! Network's Gastineau Girls, Discovery Science's Ingenious Minds, InDemand Howard Stern TV, to name a few. Her next move was into the digital world working for Hulu on an original program, The Morning After. Toy Newkirk Toy Newkirk (born July 27, 1972) is an American actress and producer best known for her starring role as Sheila", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18626374", "chunk_text": "\"Felicia Forrester\"\nshe stays for the funeral and leaves again after spending Christmas with her family. In August 2014, Wyatt Spencer (Darin Brooks), Hope Logan (Kim Matula) and Rick Forrester (Jacob Young) visit Felicia at Forrester Creations Paris, ahead of shooting a new promotion in the city. In September 2016, Felicia returns to help her family to stop Eric and Quinn Fuller (Rena Sofer)'s wedding. Felicia Forrester Felicia Forrester is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Originally portrayed by actress Colleen Dion-Scotti, the role has been portrayed by Lesli Kay since November 2005. Felicia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932207", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\npolice. Meanwhile, the real Sheila develops another persona, Jennifer Mitchell, by wearing a fake nose, wig, and speaking in a British accent. She allies with Tom Fisher (Roscoe Born), who helps her in her scheme to poison Lauren with a necklace that Scott offers to his mother as a gift. In exchange, Tom has Sheila manipulate his estranged wife Gloria Abbott (Judith Chapman) into giving him money and later bailing him out of prison. When Lauren plans a rooftop dinner with her fiancé Michael Baldwin (Christian LeBlanc), Sheila surprises her and persuades her to commit suicide by jumping off of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17460815", "chunk_text": "\"Felicia Forrester\"\nFelicia Forrester Felicia Forrester is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Originally portrayed by actress Colleen Dion-Scotti, the role has been portrayed by Lesli Kay since November 2005. Felicia is known as the black sheep of the Forrester family. The youngest daughter of Stephanie (Susan Flannery) and Eric Forrester (John McCook), Felicia has one brother, Thorne (Winsor Harmon), and one sister, Kristen Forrester (Terri Ann Linn, Tracy Melchior). She had another sister, Angela who is deceased. She also has three half-siblings: Ridge (Thorsten Kaye), Rick (Jacob Young), and Bridget (Ashley Jones). She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19510535", "chunk_text": "\"Stephanie E. Williams\"\nStephanie E. Williams Stephanie E. Williams is an actress best known for her work on TV soap operas, first on CBS-TV’s \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" as Amy Lewis, a character she portrayed from 1982 to 1988, then on ABC-TV’s \"\"General Hospital\"\" as Dr. Simone Hardy and also on ABC-TV's \"\"One Life to Live\"\" as Sheila Price. Born and reared in St. Louis, Missouri, Williams attended University City High School where she danced, performed gymnastics, appeared in school musicals and was chosen Homecoming Queen. She attended Webster University in St. Louis and the University of Missouri in Kansas City on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765517", "chunk_text": "\"Lauren Fenmore\"\nLauren Fenmore Lauren Fenmore is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Introduced by William J. Bell, the character made her debut during the episode airing on January 21, 1983, portrayed by Tracey E. Bregman. In 1992, Bregman brought the character to \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", resulting in her migrating there fully in 1995. The character was first married to private investigator Paul Williams (Doug Davidson) for two years. Much of Lauren's history on both soap operas revolves around her rivalry with villain Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown). They first fought over Scott", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6145810", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Spectra\"\nsold to Nick Marone (Jack Wagner), Sally was still considered family, and beloved by everyone. In fact, Eric considered her a Forrester herself. She also gave nicknames to others in her extended family, namely Felicia Forrester (Lesli Kay), whom she affectionately called \"\"Fifi.\"\" In addition, Sally defended Stephanie against Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown), who was harassing the Forrester matriarch after poisoning her with mercury pills, this planted the seeds of Stephanie and Sally's friendship. Sally Spectra Sally Spectra is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Sally was played by actress Darlene Conley from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18790002", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nand the child would be given to James and Maggie. After Sheila hands her baby, Mary, over to the Warwicks, she relocates to Death Valley, where she meets Amber Moore (Adrienne Frantz). Anxious to see her daughter, Sheila suggests that Amber babysit for James and Maggie, so that she can secretly visit Mary in LA. Amber is hired and keeps her alliance with Sheila secret for some time, but when Sheila threatens her, she reveals to James and Maggie the real reason why she applied to be Mary's babysitter. Sheila eventually takes matters into her own hands and takes Mary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10441556", "chunk_text": "\"Phoebe Forrester\"\nPhoebe Forrester Phoebe Forrester is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". The first actress to play the character on a contract basis was Addison Hoover, who joined the show in April 2005 and left just months later. From July 11, 2006 to 2008, Phoebe was played by MacKenzie Mauzy. The character was killed off in 2008. Phoebe Forrester and her twin sister, Steffy (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood), were born in September 1999 to Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss) and Taylor Hayes (Hunter Tylo). As a result of constant SORASing, Phoebe was seventeen by 2006.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2227046", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nStephanie's grandson, Thomas Forrester. Sheila is arrested for the threat, but secretly switches places with a woman named Sybil. After breaking out of prison in disguise, Sheila shoots Stephanie, kidnaps baby Mary and leaves town. Sheila returns to L.A. four years later to find her now-teenage daughter Mary (whom she had renamed Erica Lovejoy) (Courtnee Draper). Erica, who is completely unaware of her mother's past or her own real name, has traveled to L.A. to meet her idol - Amber Forrester. She soon develops a crush on Amber's husband, Rick Forrester, although she never intends to act on her feelings.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10970225", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nher role as Sheila on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Executive producer Brad Bell announced Brown had been signed to a one-year deal with the serial. On the topic of Sheila and Lauren's \"\"cat fights\"\", Brown said: \"\"People like cat fights because we can get away with what you can't get away with in everyday life. You're living vicariously through me. There might be someone that [boy] you just might want to put it to someday, and you can't, but you can turn on the TV and see Sheila do it, and get away with it. Being mean and evil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2694896", "chunk_text": "\"Hunter Tylo\"\nHunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo Anne and Morris Jabez Hunter. She is of Cherokee Native American descent on her mother's side. She has an older brother Jay, who passed away August 29, 2018, and a younger brother named Cliff. Tylo has been credited as Deborah Morehart; Morehart was the last name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19646896", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\n1998, again from May 24 to November 5, 2002, and again finally from September 26 to October 10, 2003. Despite being a regular cast member on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", Brown returned to \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" for several guest appearances beginning on October 27, 1992. Brown departed on November 5, 1992, and reappeared for one episode on December 23, 1992. She continued making appearance from January 7 to 14, 1993, February 19, 1993, to March 2, 1993, October 11, 1993, October 19 to 27, 1993, January 12, 1994, and February 28, 1995, until March 2, 1995. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10794132", "chunk_text": "\"Sydney Penny\"\nSydney Penny Sydney Margaret Penny (born August 7, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for playing the roles of Julia Santos Keefer on the soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\", and Samantha \"\"Sam\"\" Kelly on the CBS soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". She also starred in the 1998 WB television drama series \"\"Hyperion Bay\"\", and as a teenager appeared in the 1985 Clint Eastwood film \"\"Pale Rider\"\". She was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and raised in Chatsworth, California, the daughter of former Western Swing bandleader and comedian Hank Penny and his wife, Shari. An early acting appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932210", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nstill alive, had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers Newman (Michelle Stafford), and that Paul Williams had been hiding the fact that he had been keeping her locked in a cage she had constructed in an abandoned warehouse. Ultimately, Sheila is determined to escape and take Phyllis's place in order to infiltrate Michael and Lauren's lives. Sheila is accidentally freed from the prison she created for Lauren by Maggie Sullivan, Paul's girlfriend. After acting as a kidnap victim and pleading for Maggie's help, Maggie sets her free but Sheila chokes her unconscious, steals her gun, and then shoots her,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1923165", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Carter\"\nin Genoa City to get revenge against Lauren Fenmore (Tracey E. Bregman) for killing their mother, Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown). They work with their aunt Sarah Smythe, Sheila's sister, to commit a series of crimes and ultimately kidnap Lauren and Jana Hawkes (Emily O'Brien), their brother Kevin Fisher's (Greg Rikaart) wife. Lauren and Jana are later rescued by Kevin and Michael Baldwin (Christian LeBlanc). Daisy then found herself attracted to Daniel Romalotti (Michael Graziadei), who at the time was married to Amber Moore (Adrienne Frantz). After drugging him, she rapes an unconscious Daniel, mirroring what her mother did with Lauren's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12518239", "chunk_text": "\"Deidre Goodwin\"\nDeidre Goodwin Deidre Goodwin (born September 15, 1969, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American actress known for such films and television series as \"\"Chicago\"\", \"\"Half Nelson\"\", \"\"Life on Mars\"\", \"\"The Bourne Legacy\"\" and \"\"Across the Universe\"\". A stage and musical theatre actress who has appeared in such Broadway productions as \"\"A Chorus Line\"\" and \"\"Silence! The Musical\"\", as well as productions of \"\"Chicago\"\", \"\"Nine\"\", \"\"The Boys From Syracuse\"\", and \"\"The Rocky Horror Show\"\", she is a graduate of Missouri State University. She serves on the faculty of the New York Film Academy. In 2006, Goodwin appeared as Sheila Bryant in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1563512", "chunk_text": "\"The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2017)\"\non October 2, 2017. Mateo is introduced as the Forrester Estate manager, who is hired by Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown) to seduce Quinn Fuller (Rena Sofer), and cause her to betray Eric Forrester (John McCook)'s trust and have an affair, leading to the eventual end of their marriage. The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2017) \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" is an American television soap opera. It was first broadcast on March 23, 1987, and airs on CBS. The following is a list of characters that first appeared or will appear in the soap in 2017, by order of first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9330602", "chunk_text": "\"Pamella D'Pella\"\nPamella D'Pella Pamella D'Pella (born Pamela Denise Manley; August 22, 1957) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, photographer and dancer. Pamella is recognized for her extensive acting career, most notably for her years spent as \"\"Julia\"\" in the long running soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and as Teresa on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". She has appeared in numerous other films and television shows such as, \"\"Ted and Venus\"\", \"\"Hot Boyz\"\", \"\"Caged Heat II: Stripped of Freedom\"\", and \"\"\"\". Additionally, D'Pella was one of the founding members of the Location Managers Guild of America and held the office of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20226458", "chunk_text": "\"Jacqueline MacInnes Wood\"\nJacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film \"\"Final Destination 5\"\" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15607662", "chunk_text": "\"Lauren Fenmore\"\neven kidnapping Lauren briefly. Lauren Fenmore Lauren Fenmore is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Introduced by William J. Bell, the character made her debut during the episode airing on January 21, 1983, portrayed by Tracey E. Bregman. In 1992, Bregman brought the character to \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", resulting in her migrating there fully in 1995. The character was first married to private investigator Paul Williams (Doug Davidson) for two years. Much of Lauren's history on both soap operas revolves around her rivalry with villain Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown). They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9714835", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Finnigan\"\nJennifer Finnigan Jennifer Christina Finnigan (born August 22, 1979) is a Canadian actress, best known for her role as Bridget Forrester in the American soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" from 2000-04, for which she won three Daytime Emmy Awards for Best Younger Actress. She also appeared on the CBS legal drama \"\"Close to Home\"\" and on the ABC sitcom \"\"Better with You\"\". She also starred on the FX series \"\"Tyrant\"\". She later starred in the CBS thriller drama \"\"Salvation\"\". Finnigan was born in Montreal, Québec. She is the daughter of Diane Rioux Finnigan, and popular radio personality Jack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14800524", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nthe writing began when the character of Morgan appeared on the show. Furthermore, both Tylo and Bell agreed that Taylor was at a \"\"brick wall\"\", but Bell was \"\"afraid to go beyond that\"\" and have the character go \"\"off the deep end\"\", in fear of destroying her integrity. However, Tylo believed that \"\"in reality that's what she needed – to be more human. But she just got boring instead\"\". Taylor is gunned down by Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown) and appears to die in hospital a few days later due to her injuries. Tylo eventually returned to the soap, with Taylor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18148670", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Sullivan\"\nSusan Sullivan Susan Michaela Sullivan (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress. Sullivan is best known for her roles as Lenore Curtin Delaney on the daytime soap opera \"\"Another World\"\" (1971–76), as Dr. Elaina Marks in the television series pilot \"\"The Incredible Hulk\"\", as Lois Adams on the ABC sitcom \"\"It's a Living\"\" (1980–81), as Maggie Gioberti Channing on the primetime soap opera \"\"Falcon Crest\"\" (1981–89), as Kitty Montgomery on the ABC sitcom \"\"Dharma & Greg\"\" (1997–2002), and as Martha Rodgers on \"\"Castle\"\" (2009–2016). Sullivan was born in New York City, the daughter of Helen (née Rockett) and Brendan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11347818", "chunk_text": "\"Keaton and Kylie Rae Tyndall\"\nKeaton and Kylie Rae Tyndall Keaton Tyndall and Kylie Tyndall (born Keaton Nicole Tyndall and Kylie Rae Tyndall on March 14, 1992 in Los Angeles, California) are identical twin actresses. They started acting at the age of 9 months, and have had roles in several movies and TV shows. In 2004, Keaton and Kylie landed the recurring roles of Phoebe Forrester and Steffy Forrester respectively on the CBS soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", which would later earn them a Young Artist Award nomination for \"\"Best Performance in a Television Series/Recurring Young Actress\"\". Later that year Keaton and Kylie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15716801", "chunk_text": "\"Rheagan Wallace\"\npremiered at the Austin Film Festival on October 23, 2011). Her most recent performance, the tenth installment of the \"\"Hellraiser\"\" franchise, \"\"\"\", is scheduled for a 2018 release. Rheagan plays Alison Carter, the wife of Detective Sean Carter. Rheagan Wallace Courtney Rheagan Wallace (born June 9, 1987 in Dallas, Texas) is an American actress who had a brief recurring role as Georgia Huffington on the television series \"\"7th Heaven\"\". Her other television credits include \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\", \"\"Devious Maids\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"ER\"\", \"\"That's So Raven\"\", \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Judging Amy\"\" and \"\"Walker, Texas Ranger\"\", among other series. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17049698", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nreason of Brown not returning to the role, the actress said: \"\"I had a bad accident last year, and when they wanted me back in November, I really couldn't go at that time, and that's why I came back looking like somebody else.\"\" Stafford only portrayed the role for two months until February 9, 2007, when Sheila was shot by her longtime enemy Lauren Fenmore and presumed dead. In 2009, reports speculated that Brown would reprise the role again on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", which was followed by more rumors speculating a return to \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5247837", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\ncan live vicariously as a Forrester through her daughter. As a reluctant Erica is about to carry out her mother's plan, Rick's brother Ridge bursts in and exposes Erica's true identity. Rick kicks Erica out, but not before Sheila kidnaps Amber, who is stunned to learn that Erica is really Mary Warwick. Sheila stages a crime scene and drags Amber off to her apartment. Massimo Marone (Joseph Mascolo), who had been romantically involved with Sheila for a short time, gets a call from her, and Stephanie recognizes her voice. The two track Sheila and Amber down. Sheila then flees and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17320366", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nwith Brooke, who sides with her at first, but later wants nothing to do with her. She begins dating neighbor Grant Chambers (Charles Grant), and later her psychiatrist, James Warwick. She continues to see James at this time, and memories of her abusive childhood are revealed. Sheila meets Maggie Forrester (Barbara Crampton), whom she befriends. The two are amazed to discover they both have ties to the same family. When Stephanie attempts to take Brooke's children, Sheila poisons her by replacing her medication with mercury pills until Stephanie losing her sanity and she is inpatient in a psychiatric hospital. Sheila", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11486355", "chunk_text": "\"Lesli Kay\"\nLesli Kay Lesli Kay (born Lesli Kay Pushkin on June 13, 1965 in Charleston, West Virginia) is an American actress, who is known primarily for her roles on the CBS soap operas \"\"As the World Turns\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". At age 12, she had the first individual girl's bat mitzvah in the state of West Virginia. She moved to New York City at the age of 15 to pursue a modeling career. Kay later worked at MTV and won $27,500 on \"\"Wheel of Fortune\"\". In 1997 she made her daytime debut as Molly Conlan on \"\"As the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479296", "chunk_text": "\"Sheila Carter\"\nEric's most recent ex-wife Brooke Logan Forrester (Katherine Kelly Lang) is pregnant with a child that may either belong to Eric or his son Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss). After Bridget Forrester is born, Sheila manipulates the paternity test so that everyone will believe Ridge is the father. Security guard Mike Guthrie (Ken Hanes) catches her in the act and after threatening to blackmail her with the details, Sheila sets loose a vicious dog to attack him. Meanwhile, Lauren finds out that Sheila is alive and well, and living on the West Coast. Lauren follows her and they once again fight.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9228653", "chunk_text": "\"Eileen Davidson\"\nEileen Davidson Eileen Marie Davidson (born June 15, 1959) is an American actress, reality star, author and former model, best known for her performances in television soap operas. Davidson is best known for her roles in soap operas as Kristen DiMera on NBC's \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", and Ashley Abbott on CBS's \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". In 2014, for her role in \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", Davidson was awarded a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, the second actress to win a Daytime Emmy Award in the category", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8406858", "chunk_text": "\"Lawrence Saint-Victor\"\nLawrence Saint-Victor Lawrence Saint-Victor (born June 14, 1982) is an American actor, who was on the cast of the soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\", playing Remy Boudreau from April 2006 until the soap's ending in September 2009. As of 2013, Saint-Victor is playing attorney Carter Walton on the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Saint-Victor attended Conservatory of Theatre and Film at SUNY Purchase. He married his college sweetheart, Shay Flake, on September 1, 2007. He portrayed Remy on \"\"Guiding Light\"\" between 2006 and 2009. Saint-Victor has been Carter on \"\"The Bold and Beautiful\"\" since 2013 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15615694", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Finnigan\"\nseasons. Since July 12, 2017, Finnigan has starred as Grace Barrows, the Pentagon's press secretary, on the new CBS action drama \"\"Salvation\"\". Barrows is one of a few people initially informed when the Pentagon learns that in six months, Earth will collide with an asteroid with potential extinction-level destruction capacity. The original straight-to-series order was for 13 episodes. Jennifer Finnigan Jennifer Christina Finnigan (born August 22, 1979) is a Canadian actress, best known for her role as Bridget Forrester in the American soap opera \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" from 2000-04, for which she won three Daytime Emmy Awards for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15284224", "chunk_text": "\"Karla Cheatham Mosley\"\nKarla Cheatham Mosley Karla Cheatham Mosley is an American actress and singer. She starred on the Emmy-nominated children's show \"\"Hi-5\"\"; she has starred in numerous plays and also had minor roles in several other TV shows and films. She regularly appeared as Christina Moore Boudreau in the soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\" and can currently be seen as Maya Avant in \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Karla Cheatham Mosley was born and raised in Westchester County, New York. She graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, with honors, and went on to study in France at the Roy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_198	what is the current mac os operating system?	n/a	[ "10.13.4", "macOS High Sierra" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17739513", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh operating systems\"\nfor its ease of use, it was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named \"\"Mac OS X\"\" until 2012 and then \"\"OS X\"\" until 2016. Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced. The current macOS is preinstalled with every Mac and is updated annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6767155", "chunk_text": "Macintosh\nMacintosh operating systems. The first versions initially had no name but came to be known as the \"\"Macintosh System Software\"\" in 1988, \"\"Mac OS\"\" in 1997 with the release of Mac OS 7.6, and retrospectively called \"\"Classic Mac OS\"\". In 2001, Apple released Mac OS X, a modern Unix-based operating system which was later rebranded to simply OS X in 2012, and then macOS in 2016. The current version is macOS Mojave, released on September 24, 2018. Intel-based Macs are capable of running non-Apple operating systems such as Linux, OpenBSD, and Microsoft Windows with the aid of Boot Camp or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14209371", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS version history\"\nMacOS version history The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its \"\"classic\"\" Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Macintosh computers since their introduction in 1984. However, the current macOS is a Unix operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT from the 1980s until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. Although it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005546", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nMacOS macOS (; previously and later , Roman numeral \"\"X\"\" pronounced \"\"ten\"\") is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of computers. Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows. macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems. The first is colloquially called the \"\"classic\"\" Mac OS, which was introduced in 1984, and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005566", "chunk_text": "MacOS\na highly criticized file system. Apple previewed macOS 10.13 High Sierra at the 2017 Worldwide Developers Conference, before releasing it later that year. When running on solid state drives, it uses APFS, rather than HFS+. Its successor, macOS 10.14 Mojave, was released in 2018, adding a dark user interface option and a dynamic wallpaper setting. At macOS's core is a POSIX compliant operating system built on top of the XNU kernel, with standard Unix facilities available from the command line interface. Apple has released this family of software as a free and open source operating system named Darwin. On top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19134665", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh operating systems\"\nthe transition to Mac OS X. macOS (originally named \"\"Mac OS X\"\" until 2012 and then \"\"OS X\"\" until 2016) is the current Mac operating system that officially succeeded the classic Mac OS in 2001. Although the system was originally marketed as simply \"\"version 10\"\" of Mac OS, it has a history that is largely independent of the classic Mac OS. It is a Unix-based operating system built on NeXTSTEP and other technology developed at NeXT from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company and its CEO Steve Jobs returned to Apple. Precursors to the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "213723", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS version history\"\nwas released on September 24, 2018. Some of the key new features were the Dark mode and Dynamic Desktop, which changes the desktop background image to correspond to the user's current time of day. MacOS version history The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its \"\"classic\"\" Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Macintosh computers since their introduction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "934080", "chunk_text": "\"Personal computer\"\nto MS-DOS and in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) generated by Apple's 1984 introduction of the Macintosh. , the most recent client and server versions of Windows are Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016. macOS (formerly OS X) is a line of operating systems developed, marketed and sold by Apple Inc. macOS is the successor to the original Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. macOS is a Unix-based graphical operating system, and Snow Leopard, Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion, Mavericks, Yosemite, El Capitan and Sierra are its version codenames. The most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5932279", "chunk_text": "\"Classic Mac OS\"\nthe bundling of the Carbon library that apps could link against instead of the traditional API libraries—apps that were adapted to do this could be run natively on Mac OS X as well. Other changes were made beginning with the Mac OS 9.1 update to allow it to be launched in the Classic Environment within Mac OS X. The final update to the classic Mac OS was version 9.2.2, released on December 5, 2001. macOS (originally named \"\"Mac OS X\"\" until 2012 and then \"\"OS X\"\" until 2016) is Apple's current Mac operating system that officially succeeded the classic Mac", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005547", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nThe first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year. After this, Apple began naming its releases after big cats, which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks, releases have been named after locations in California. Apple shortened the name to \"\"OS X\"\" in 2012 and then changed it to \"\"macOS\"\" in 2016, adopting the nomenclature that they were using for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. The latest version is macOS Mojave, which was publicly released in September 2018. Between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "148278", "chunk_text": "\"Operating system\"\nbeen Apple's primary operating system since 1984. Unlike its predecessor, macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT through the second half of the 1980s and up until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. The operating system was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, followed in March 2001 by a client version (Mac OS X v10.0 \"\"Cheetah\"\"). Since then, six more distinct \"\"client\"\" and \"\"server\"\" editions of macOS have been released, until the two were merged in OS X 10.7 \"\"Lion\"\". Prior to its merging with macOS, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11352454", "chunk_text": "MacOS\n2016, macOS is the second-most-active general-purpose desktop client operating system in use on the World Wide Web following Microsoft Windows, with a 4.90% usage share according to statistics compiled by the Wikimedia Foundation. It is the second most widely used desktop operating system (for web browsing), after Windows, and is estimated at approximately five times the usage of Linux (which has 1.01%). Usage share generally continues to shift away from the desktop and toward mobile operating systems such as iOS and Android. In its earlier years, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3391766", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nthe Maps application, GUI improvements to the Notes application, adopting San Francisco as the system font for clearer legibility, and the introduction of System Integrity Protection. The Metal API, first introduced in iOS 8, was also included in this operating system for \"\"all Macs since 2012\"\". According to Apple, Metal accelerates system-level rendering by up to 50 percent, resulting in faster graphics performance for everyday apps. Metal also delivers up to 10 times faster draw call performance for more fluid experience in games and pro apps. macOS 10.12 Sierra was released to the public on September 20, 2016. New features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7148589", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS Mojave\"\nMacOS Mojave macOS Mojave ( ) (version 10.14) is the fifteenth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. The successor to macOS High Sierra, it was announced at the WWDC 2018, on June 4, 2018, and was released to the public on September 24, 2018. It brings several iOS apps to the desktop, including Apple News, Voice Memos, and Home; includes a much more comprehensive \"\"Dark mode\"\", and is the final version of macOS to support 32-bit apps. Its name refers to the Mojave Desert, and is the latest California-themed name in a series begun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8378242", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS High Sierra\"\nMacOS High Sierra macOS High Sierra (version 10.13) is the fourteenth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Sierra and it was announced at the WWDC 2017 on June 5, 2017 before being released on September 25, 2017; its successor macOS Mojave was released on September 24, 2018. The name \"\"High Sierra\"\" refers to the High Sierra region in California. As with Snow Leopard, Mountain Lion and El Capitan, the name also alludes to its status as a refinement of its predecessor, focused on performance improvements and technical updates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3391701", "chunk_text": "MacOS\na universal binary, meaning that the installer disc supported both Intel and PowerPC processors. Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard was the first release to be available exclusively for Intel-based Macs. In 2011, Apple released Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, which no longer supported 32-bit Intel processors and also did not include Rosetta. All versions of the system released since then run exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs and do not support PowerPC applications. The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT, a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985. There, the Unix-like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3391767", "chunk_text": "MacOS\ninclude the addition of Siri, Optimized Storage, and updates to Photos, Messages, and iTunes. macOS 10.13 High Sierra was released to the public on September 25, 2017. Like OS X El Capitan and OS X Mountain Lion, High Sierra is a refinement-based update having very few new features visible to a user, including updates to Safari, Photos, and Mail, among other changes. The major change under the hood is the switch to the Apple File System, which is optimized for solid-state storage used in most new Mac computers. macOS 10.14 Mojave was released on September 24, 2018. As of July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005574", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nthe operating system as possible while still being cross-platform compatible, and that graphical user interfaces written in Swing look almost exactly like native Cocoa interfaces. Since 2014, Apple has promoted its new programming language Swift as the preferred language for software development on Apple platforms. Apple's original plan with macOS was to require all developers to rewrite their software into the Cocoa APIs. This caused much outcry among existing Mac developers, who threatened to abandon the platform rather than invest in a costly rewrite, and the idea was shelved. To permit a smooth transition from Mac OS 9 to Mac", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005553", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nNeXTSTEP, then called OPENSTEP, to serve as the basis for Apple's next generation operating system. This purchase also led to Steve Jobs returning to Apple as an interim, and then the permanent CEO, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. The project was first code named \"\"Rhapsody\"\" and then officially named Mac OS X. Mac OS X was originally presented as the tenth major version of Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers; current versions of macOS retain the major version number \"\"10\"\". Previous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8378251", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS High Sierra\"\nto resolve the issues but as of the most recent macOS High Sierra update, the issue still persists. MacOS High Sierra macOS High Sierra (version 10.13) is the fourteenth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Sierra and it was announced at the WWDC 2017 on June 5, 2017 before being released on September 25, 2017; its successor macOS Mojave was released on September 24, 2018. The name \"\"High Sierra\"\" refers to the High Sierra region in California. As with Snow Leopard, Mountain Lion and El Capitan, the name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11426210", "chunk_text": "\"Operating system\"\nKeith Bostic encouraged the project to replace any non-free code that originated with Bell Labs. Once this was done, however, AT&T sued. After two years of legal disputes, the BSD project spawned a number of free derivatives, such as NetBSD and FreeBSD (both in 1993), and OpenBSD (from NetBSD in 1995). macOS (formerly \"\"Mac OS X\"\" and later \"\"OS X\"\") is a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. macOS is the successor to the original classic Mac OS, which had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6409533", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS Sierra\"\nMacOS Sierra macOS Sierra (version 10.12) is the thirteenth major release of macOS (previously ), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. The successor to OS X El Capitan, it was the first version of the operating system issued under the June 2016 rebranding as macOS. Sierra is named after California's Sierra Nevada mountain range. Its major new features concern Continuity, iCloud, and windowing, as well as support for Apple Pay and Siri. The first beta of macOS Sierra was released to developers shortly following the 2016 WWDC keynote on June 13, 2016. The first public-beta release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7148598", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS Mojave\"\nreused passwords so users can change them. New data protections require apps to get user permission before using the Mac camera and microphone or accessing personal data like user Mail history and Messages database. MacOS Mojave macOS Mojave ( ) (version 10.14) is the fifteenth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. The successor to macOS High Sierra, it was announced at the WWDC 2018, on June 4, 2018, and was released to the public on September 24, 2018. It brings several iOS apps to the desktop, including Apple News, Voice Memos, and Home; includes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16054494", "chunk_text": "Macintosh\nintroduced Mac OS X (renamed OS X in 2012 and macOS in 2016), based on Darwin and NeXTSTEP; its new features included the Dock and the Aqua user interface. During the transition, Apple included a virtual machine subsystem known as Classic, allowing users to run Mac OS 9 applications under Mac OS X 10.4 and earlier on PowerPC machines. Because macOS is a Unix operating system that borrows heavily from FreeBSD, many applications written for Linux or BSD run on it, often using X11. There are many popular Macintosh software applications; many of those from large developers, such as Microsoft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6409549", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS Sierra\"\ncomplained that radical changes to PDFKit introduced in Sierra are causing instability and potential data corruption. MacOS Sierra macOS Sierra (version 10.12) is the thirteenth major release of macOS (previously ), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. The successor to OS X El Capitan, it was the first version of the operating system issued under the June 2016 rebranding as macOS. Sierra is named after California's Sierra Nevada mountain range. Its major new features concern Continuity, iCloud, and windowing, as well as support for Apple Pay and Siri. The first beta of macOS Sierra was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11352457", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nAs a devices company, Apple has mostly promoted macOS to sell Macs, with promotion of macOS updates focused on existing users, promotion at Apple Store and other retail partners, or through events for developers. In larger scale advertising campaigns, Apple specifically promoted macOS as better for handling media and other home-user applications, and comparing Mac OS X (especially versions Tiger and Leopard) with the heavy criticism Microsoft received for the long-awaited Windows Vista operating system. MacOS macOS (; previously and later , Roman numeral \"\"X\"\" pronounced \"\"ten\"\") is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005569", "chunk_text": "MacOS\ndesign made worse when Apple extended the file system to support Unicode. Initially, HFS+ was designed for classic Mac OS, which runs on big-endian 68K and PowerPC systems. When Apple switched Macintosh to little-endian Intel processors, it continued to use big-endian byte order on HFS+ file systems. As a result, macOS on current Macs must do byte swap when it reads file system data. These concerns are being addressed with the new Apple File System, which is used for file systems on SSDs in macOS High Sierra. The Darwin subsystem in macOS is in charge of managing the file system,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7155231", "chunk_text": "\"Mac OS 8\"\nMac OS 8 Mac OS 8 is an operating system that was released by Apple Computer, Inc. on July 26, 1997. It represents the largest overhaul of the classic Mac OS since the release of System 7, approximately six years before. It emphasizes color more than prior versions. Released over a series of updates, Mac OS 8 represents an incremental integration of many of the technologies which had been developed from 1988 to 1996 for Apple's overly-ambitious OS named Copland. Mac OS 8 helped modernize the Mac OS while Apple developed its next generation operating system, Mac OS X. Mac", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005565", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nfeatures. Apple's 2015 update, OS X 10.11 El Capitan, was announced to focus specifically on stability and performance improvements. In 2016, with the release of macOS 10.12 Sierra, the name was changed from OS X to macOS to streamline it with the branding of Apple's other primary operating systems: iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. macOS 10.12 Sierra's main features are the introduction of Siri to macOS, Optimized Storage, improvements to included applications, and greater integration with Apple's iPhone and Apple Watch. The Apple File System (APFS) was announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in 2016 as a replacement for HFS+,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3391765", "chunk_text": "MacOS\ndesign, with use of translucency effects and intensely saturated colors. Apple's showcase new feature in Yosemite is Handoff, which enables users with iPhones running iOS 8.1 or later to answer phone calls, receive and send SMS messages, and complete unfinished iPhone emails on their Mac. As of OS X 10.10.3, Photos replaced iPhoto and Aperture. OS X 10.11 El Capitan was released on September 30, 2015. Similar to Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple described this release as containing \"\"refinements to the Mac experience\"\" and \"\"improvements to system performance\"\" rather than new features. Refinements include public transport built into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "213722", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS version history\"\n2012\"\". macOS Sierra was announced on June 13, 2016, during the WWDC keynote speech. It was released publicly on September 20, 2016. macOS High Sierra was announced on June 5, 2017, during the WWDC keynote speech. It was released on September 25, 2017. The release includes many under-the-hood improvements, including a switch to Apple File System (APFS), the introduction of Metal 2, support for HEVC video, and improvements to VR support. In addition, numerous changes were made to standard applications including Photos, Safari, Notes, and Spotlight. macOS Mojave was announced on June 4, 2018, during the WWDC keynote speech. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14209373", "chunk_text": "\"MacOS version history\"\nhave been released. Starting with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, macOS Server is no longer offered as a separate operating system; instead, server management tools are available for purchase as an add-on. Starting with the Intel build of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, most releases have been certified as Unix systems conforming to the Single Unix Specification. macOS has retained the major version number 10 throughout its development history to date; releases of macOS have also been named after big cats (versions 10.0–10.8) or locations in California (10.9–present). After Apple removed Steve Jobs from management in 1985, he left the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005589", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nthe original Mac OS interface. Third-party developers started producing skins for customizable applications and other operating systems which mimicked the Aqua appearance. To some extent, Apple has used the successful transition to this new design as leverage, at various times threatening legal action against people who make or distribute software with an interface the company says is derived from its copyrighted design. Apple has continued to change aspects of the macOS appearance and design, particularly with tweaks to the appearance of windows and the menu bar. Since 2012, Apple has sold many of its Mac models with high-resolution Retina displays,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005603", "chunk_text": "MacOS\na free upgrade CD for 10.0 users, in addition to the US$129 boxed version for people running Mac OS 9. It was discovered that the upgrade CDs were full install CDs that could be used with Mac OS 9 systems by removing a specific file; Apple later re-released the CDs in an actual stripped-down format that did not facilitate installation on such systems. On January 7, 2002, Apple announced that Mac OS X was to be the default operating system for all Macintosh products by the end of that month. On August 23, 2002, Apple followed up with Mac OS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18790202", "chunk_text": "\"Classic Mac OS\"\nlimitations of the earlier system and continued to be used in macOS up until macOS High Sierra, when it was replaced with the Apple File System. There are some other interface changes such as separating network features from printing, and some improvements to application switching. However, in underlying technical respects, Mac OS 8 is not very different from System 7. Mac OS 8.5 focuses on speed and stability, with most 68k code replaced by modern code native to the PowerPC. It also improved the appearance of the user interface, although the theming feature was cut late in development. Mac OS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1464273", "chunk_text": "\"Classic Mac OS\"\nOS in 2001. Although it was originally marketed as simply \"\"version 10\"\" of Mac OS, it has a history that's largely independent of the earlier Mac OS releases. The macOS architectural legacy is the successor to Mac OS 9 and the classic Mac OS legacy. However, unlike the classic Mac OS, it is a Unix-based operating system built on NeXTSTEP and technology developed at NeXT from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company, and its CEO Steve Jobs returned to Apple. macOS also makes use of the BSD codebase and the XNU kernel, and its core", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005577", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nscientific and technical software. Third-party projects such as Homebrew, Fink, MacPorts and pkgsrc provide pre-compiled or pre-formatted packages. Apple and others have provided versions of the X Window System graphical interface which can allow these applications to run with an approximation of the macOS look-and-feel. The current Apple-endorsed method is the open-source XQuartz project; earlier versions could use the X11 application provided by Apple, or before that the XDarwin project. Applications can be distributed to Macs and installed by the user from any source and by any method such as downloading (with or without code signing, available via an Apple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005552", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nNeXTSTEP operating system was developed, and then launched in 1989. The kernel of NeXTSTEP is based upon the Mach kernel, which was originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University, with additional kernel layers and low-level user space code derived from parts of BSD. Its graphical user interface was built on top of an object-oriented GUI toolkit using the programming language. Throughout the early 1990s, Apple had tried to create a \"\"next-generation\"\" OS to succeed its classic Mac OS through the Taligent, Copland and Gershwin projects, but all of them were eventually abandoned. This led Apple to purchase NeXT in 1996, allowing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7155233", "chunk_text": "\"Mac OS 8\"\nnative versions of QuickDraw, AppleScript, and the Sherlock search utility. Its successor, Mac OS 9, was released on October 23, 1999. Starting in 1988, Apple's next generation operating system, which it originally envisioned to be \"\"System 8\"\" was codenamed Copland. It was announced in March 1994 alongside the introduction of the first PowerPC Macs. Apple intended Copland as a fully modern system, including native PowerPC code, intelligent agents, a microkernel, a customizable interface named Appearance Manager, a hardware abstraction layer, and a relational database integrated into the Finder. Copland was to be followed by Gershwin, which promised memory protection spaces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3391764", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nOS) are distributed via the App Store. This updating mechanism replaced the Apple Software Update utility. OS X 10.9 Mavericks was released on October 22, 2013. It was a free upgrade to all users running Snow Leopard or later with a 64-bit Intel processor. Its changes include the addition of the previously iOS-only Maps and iBooks applications, improvements to the Notification Center, enhancements to several applications, and many under-the-hood improvements. OS X 10.10 Yosemite was released on October 16, 2014. It features a redesigned user interface similar to that of iOS 7, intended to feature a more minimal, text-based 'flat'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005554", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nMacintosh operating systems (versions of the classic Mac OS) were named using Arabic numerals, as with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9. The letter \"\"X\"\" in Mac OS X's name refers to the number 10, a Roman numeral. It is therefore correctly pronounced \"\"ten\"\" in this context. However, it is also commonly pronounced like the letter \"\"X\"\". The first version of Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was a transitional product, featuring an interface resembling the classic Mac OS, though it was not compatible with software designed for the older system. Consumer releases of Mac OS X", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005597", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nand Facebook through the addition of share buttons for content such as pictures and text. Apple has brought several applications and features that originally debuted in iOS, its mobile operating system, to macOS in recent releases, notably the intelligent personal assistant Siri, which was introduced in version 10.12 of macOS. There are 38 system languages available in macOS for the user at the moment of installation; the system language is used throughout the entire operating system environment. Input methods for typing in dozens of scripts can be chosen independently of the system language. Recent updates have added increased support for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7141976", "chunk_text": "\"Classic Mac OS\"\nClassic Mac OS Classic Mac OS is a colloquial term used to describe a series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Inc. from 1984 until 2001, starting with System 1 and ending with Mac OS 9. The Macintosh operating system is credited with having popularized the graphical user interface concept. It was included with every Macintosh that was sold during the era it was developed, and many updates to the system software were done in conjunction with the introduction of new Macintosh systems. Apple released the original Macintosh on January 24, 1984. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18535184", "chunk_text": "\"OS X El Capitan\"\nOS X El Capitan OS X El Capitan ( ) (version 10.11) is the twelfth major release of OS X (now named macOS), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to OS X Yosemite and focuses mainly on performance, stability and security. Following the Northern California landmark-based naming scheme introduced with OS X Mavericks, El Capitan was named after a rock formation in Yosemite National Park, signifying its goal to be a refined version of Yosemite. El Capitan is the final version to be released under the name OS X; its successor, Sierra,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19134663", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh operating systems\"\na desktop metaphor that represents files and applications using icons and relates concepts like directories and file deletion to real-world objects like folders and a trash can; and overlapping windows for multitasking. The \"\"classic\"\" Mac OS is the original Macintosh operating system that was introduced in 1984 alongside the first Macintosh and remained in primary use on Macs through 2001. Apple released the original Macintosh on January 24, 1984; its early system software was partially based on the Lisa OS and the Xerox PARC Alto computer, which former Apple CEO Steve Jobs previewed. It was originally named \"\"System Software\"\", or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1005567", "chunk_text": "MacOS\nof Darwin, Apple layered a number of components, including the Aqua interface and the Finder, to complete the GUI-based operating system which is macOS. With its original introduction as Mac OS X, the system brought a number of new capabilities to provide a more stable and reliable platform than its predecessor, the classic Mac OS. For example, pre-emptive multitasking and memory protection improved the system's ability to run multiple applications simultaneously without them interrupting or corrupting each other. Many aspects of macOS's architecture are derived from OPENSTEP, which was designed to be portable, to ease the transition from one platform", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17739512", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh operating systems\"\nMacintosh operating systems The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple Inc. includes the graphical user interface-based operating systems it has designed for use with its Macintosh series of personal computers since 1984, as well as the related system software it once created for compatible third-party systems. In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the \"\"Classic\"\" Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded \"\"Mac OS\"\" in 1996, was preinstalled on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short time in the 1990s. Noted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16313395", "chunk_text": "\"Mac OS 9\"\nMac OS 9 Mac OS 9 is the ninth and final major release of Apple's classic Mac OS operating system. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as \"\"The Best Internet Operating System Ever\"\", highlighting Sherlock 2's Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as iTools and improved Open Transport networking. While Mac OS 9 lacks protected memory and full pre-emptive multitasking, lasting improvements include the introduction of an automated Software Update engine and support for multiple users. Apple discontinued development of Mac OS 9 in 2001, transitioning all future development to Mac OS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17739525", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh operating systems\"\nwith its Apple II series computers in 1977, which ran Apple DOS, ProDOS, and later GS/OS; the Apple III in 1980, which ran Apple SOS; and the Apple Lisa in 1983, which ran Lisa OS and later MacWorks XL, a Macintosh emulator. Apple also developed the Newton OS for its Newton personal digital assistant from 1993 to 1997. In recent years, Apple has also launched several new operating systems based on the core of macOS, including iOS in 2007 for its iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch mobile devices; watchOS in 2015 for the Apple Watch; and tvOS in 2015 for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19134666", "chunk_text": "\"Macintosh operating systems\"\nrelease of Mac OS X include OpenStep, Apple's Rhapsody project, and the Mac OS X Public Beta. macOS makes use of the BSD codebase and the XNU kernel, and its core set of components is based upon Apple's open source Darwin operating system. The first desktop version of the system was released on March 24, 2001, supporting the Aqua user interface. Since then, several more versions adding newer features and technologies have been released. Since 2011, new releases have been offered on an annual basis. An early server computing version of the system was released in 1999 as a technology", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_199	when were 2 dollar bills stopped being made?	n/a	[ "current denomination of U.S. currency" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239017", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\na United States Note. Production went on until 1966, when the series was discontinued. Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design. Two-dollar bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand. This comparative scarcity in circulation, coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation, has also inspired urban legends about its authenticity and value and has occasionally created problems for those trying to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239018", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nuse the bill to make purchases. The denomination of two dollars was authorized under a congressional act, and first used in March 1862. The denomination was continuously used until the 1960s; by this time the United States Note was the only remaining class of U.S. currency the two-dollar bill was assigned to. In 1966, the Treasury Department decided to discontinue production of all denominations of United States Notes, which included the two-dollar bill. The two-dollar denomination was not immediately reassigned to the Federal Reserve Note class of United States currency and was thus fully discontinued; the Treasury cited the two-dollar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105228", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nit was superimposed over the gray word . The United States Note obligation now became superimposed over a gray numeral 2. The reverse remained unchanged. The final change to $2 United States Notes came in 1963 when the motto was added to the reverse over the Monticello. Further, because dollar bills were soon to be no longer redeemable in silver, was removed from the obverse. All United States Notes of the $2, $5 and $100 denominations were officially discontinued in August 1966, although they all remain legal tender. On April 13, 1976, the Treasury Department reintroduced the $2 bill as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105226", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nobverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of Thomas Jefferson to left and wording in the entire center. The reverse featured a World War I battleship. Beginning in the 1950s, production of $2 bills began to decrease. The relative scarcity of the bills led some to start saving any they found, with the inevitable result that the notes became rarer in circulation. Currently, the circulation of $2 bills accounts for around 1% of the U.S. currency in circulation. \"\"(6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)\"\" In 1928, when all U.S. currency was changed to its current size,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239022", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\npeople mistakenly believe that the 1976 series note with its unusual reverse design was a special, limited issue, produced for the United States Bicentennial. This, combined with the earlier discontinuation of the denomination, gave the impression these notes might be valuable as collector's items, and contributed to hoarding. The public at large continues to be unfamiliar with the notes because they are not widely circulated and are still frequently hoarded. Today, there is a common misconception by the general public that the $2 bill is no longer being produced, though bills have been printed with series of 1976, 1995, 2003,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239019", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nbill's low use and unpopularity as the reason for not immediately resuming use of the denomination. In 1976, production of the two-dollar denomination was resumed and the two-dollar bill was finally assigned as a Federal Reserve Note, with a new reverse design featuring John Trumbull's depiction of the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence replacing the previous design of Monticello. It has remained a current denomination since that time. It was estimated that if the two-dollar bill replaced approximately half of the one-dollar bills in circulation, the federal government would be able to save about $26 million in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9099124", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\ncustomer, and may cause a delay with a trip to the vault. Printing $2 bills is twice as cost-effective for the government as printing $1 bills, since they both cost the same amount (about $0.05) to make, but the public has not circulated them as widely. During the Great Depression, few Americans had enough money to require $2 bills. In the middle of the 20th century, $2 bills were commonly used at strip clubs, for betting on horse racing, and for bribery when politicians wanted votes (though this may be an urban legend) and so acquired a negative reputation. Many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239023", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\n2003A, 2009, and 2013. A series changes when there is a redesign of the bill or changes in signatory; Secretary of the Treasury or Treasurer of the United States. The U.S. treasury reports that $1,549,052,714 worth of $2 bills were in circulation worldwide as of April 30, 2007. Things such as unusual serial numbers (example: A11111111A), and replacement notes designated by a star in the serial number can raise the collector value. \"\"Collectible\"\" two-dollar bills have been made and sold by coin dealers and others in recent years merely by adding colors and special graphics to regular issue bills by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239020", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\n1976 dollars ($ adjusted for inflation) over the period from 1976 to 1981, due to reduced production, storage, and shipping costs. However, due to their limited use, two-dollar bills are not printed as frequently in a new series as other denominations, which are produced according to demand. Some bill acceptors found in vending machines, self checkout lanes, transit systems and other automated kiosks are configured to accommodate two-dollar bills, even if the fact is not stated on the label. Although they are generally available at most banks, two-dollar bills are usually not handed out except upon specific request by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105231", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nnotes were printed and a large amount were saved and hoarded upon their original issue. A typical single uncirculated 1976 $2 bill is worth only slightly above face value. If the note is circulated, then it is only worth its $2 face value. In 1996 and 1997, 153,600,000 bills were printed as Series 1995 for the Federal Reserve District of Atlanta. In 2004, 121,600,000 of the Series 2003 bills were printed for the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank. An issue of Series 2003A $2 bills was printed from July to September 2006 for all twelve Federal Reserve Banks. In all, 220,800,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239016", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nUnited States two-dollar bill The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The portrait of the third President of the United States (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting \"\"Declaration of Independence\"\" by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or \"\"Coin\"\" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239025", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nto win prizes. \"\"( 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)\"\" In March 1862, the first $2 bill was issued as a Legal Tender Note (United States Note) with a portrait of Alexander Hamilton; the portrait of Hamilton used was a profile view and is unlike the portrait used currently for the $10 bill. By 1869, the $2 United States Note was redesigned with the now-familiar portrait of Thomas Jefferson to the left and a vignette of the United States Capitol in the center of the obverse. This note also featured green tinting on the top and left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105224", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nthe obverse. Two-dollar Treasury, or \"\"Coin\"\", Notes were first issued for government purchases of silver bullion in 1890 from the silver mining industry. The reverse featured large wording of in the center and a numeral 2 to the right surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note. In 1891, the reverse of the Series of 1890 Treasury Note was redesigned because the treasury felt that it was too \"\"busy\"\", making it too easy to counterfeit. More open space was incorporated into the new design. In 1896, the \"\"Educational Series\"\" Silver Certificate was issued. The entire obverse of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16271120", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of the United States dollar\"\nlast printed in 1945 and discontinued in 1969, making the $100 bill the largest denomination banknote in circulation. A $1 note was added in 1963 to replace the $1 Silver Certificate after that type of currency had been discontinued. Since United States Notes were discontinued in 1971, Federal Reserve Notes are the only type of currency circulating in the US. In 1976, a $2 note was added, 10 years after the $2 denomination of United States Note was officially discontinued. The denomination proved to be unpopular and is now treated as a curiosity, although it is still being printed. Starting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105227", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nthe $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. The obverse featured a cropped version of Thomas Jefferson's portrait that had been on previous $2 bills. The reverse featured Jefferson's home, Monticello. The note's seal and serial numbers were red. The Series of 1928 $2 bill featured the treasury seal superimposed by the United States Note obligation to the left and a large gray to the right. In 1953, the $2 bill received minor design changes analogous to the $5 United States Note. The treasury seal was made smaller and moved to the right side of the bill;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105232", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nnotes were printed. In February 2012, the B.E.P. printed 512,000 Series 2009 $2 Star Notes, in anticipation of more regular runs being printed later in 2012. Series 2009 $2 bills were issued to banks during the summer of 2012. In November 2013, the B.E.P. began printing series 2013 $2 bills for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; these notes entered circulation in early 2014. A total of 44,800,000 notes were ordered for fiscal year 2014, which ran from October 2013 through September 2014. A chronological display of the American two-dollar bill. Over five million $2 bills are entered into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7042683", "chunk_text": "\"Large denominations of United States currency\"\nThe series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar. Although they are still technically legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System, due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then. The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. , only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3458323", "chunk_text": "\"Two-cent billon\"\ntwo-cent piece eventually became a regular issue, but with declining mintage numbers each year until it was discontinued officially in 1873. Two-cent billon The two-cent billon was a pattern US coin struck in 1836 and initially proposed as part of the Act of January 13, 1837. Versions exist with either a reeded edge and coin orientation or a plain edge and medal orientation; however, those with the former tend to be original strikes, whereas the latter are always proof restrikes (most from the 1850s). A two-cent piece had been proposed as early as 1806 by Connecticut Senator Uriah Tracy, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105229", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\na cost-saving measure. Series 1976 $2 bills were redesigned and issued as a Federal Reserve Note. The obverse design remains basically unchanged since 1928 and features the same portrait of Jefferson. A green treasury seal and serial numbers replace the red used on the previous United States Notes. Since the reissue of the bill coincided with the United States Bicentennial, it was decided to use a bicentennial-themed design on the reverse, though the bill was not issued specifically to celebrate the bicenntenial. An engraved rendition (not an exact reproduction) of John Trumbull's \"\"Declaration of Independence\"\" replaced Monticello on the reverse.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105236", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nthe upper right corner \"\"2\"\" was sometimes torn off to increase the luck. The relative scarcity of the $2 bill in everyday circulation has led to confusion at points of sale, as well as overreaction and prosecution of the individual attempting to tender the bill. In 2005, a man in Baltimore, Maryland, was jailed for attempting to use $2 bills to pay a car stereo installation fee that Best Buy originally agreed to waive in the first place. In 2016, a 13-year-old girl in Texas was detained by police at Fort Bend Independent School District's Christa McAuliffe Middle School and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2929030", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nof intaglio at the same time. The web-press was designed as a full-blown production press as opposed to an experimental press. The notes were issued in Series 1988A, 1993, and 1995. Because of mechanical problems and operator error, as well as the sometimes poor quality of the notes, production was ended in July 1996. Web notes can be identified by the back plate number next to and the removal of face check letters and quadrant numbers. The portrait of George Washington is displayed in the center of the obverse of the one-dollar bill, as it has been since the 1869", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7040799", "chunk_text": "\"United States one hundred-dollar bill\"\nStates currency from circulation on July 14, 1969. The one-hundred-dollar bill was the largest denomination left in circulation. All the Federal Reserve Notes produced from \"\"Series 1928\"\" up to before \"\"Series 1969\"\" (i.e. 1928, 1928A, 1934, 1934A, 1934B, 1934C, 1934D, 1950, 1950A, 1950B, 1950C, 1950D, 1950E, 1963, 1966, 1966A) of the $100 denomination added up to $23.1708 billion. Since some banknotes had been destroyed, and the population was 200 million at the time, there was less than one $100 banknote per capita circulating. As of June 30, 1969, the U.S. coins and banknotes in circulation of all denominations were worth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105225", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nthe note was covered in artwork with an allegorical figure of science presenting steam and electricity to commerce and manufacture. The reverse of the note featured portraits of Robert Fulton and Samuel F. B. Morse surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note. By 1899, however, The $2 Silver Certificate was redesigned with a small portrait of George Washington surrounded by allegorical figures representing agriculture and mechanics. Large-sized Federal Reserve Bank Notes were issued in 1918. Each note was an obligation of the issuing Federal Reserve Bank and could only be redeemed at the corresponding bank. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10681893", "chunk_text": "\"United States Note\"\nof gold was banned during 1933, all of the remaining types of circulating currency, National Bank Notes, silver certificates, Federal Reserve Notes, and United States Notes, were redeemable by individuals only for silver. Eventually, even silver redemption stopped during June 1968, during a time in which all U.S. currency (both coins and paper currency) was changed to fiat currency. For the general public there was then little to distinguish United States Notes from Federal Reserve Notes. As a result, the public circulation of United States Notes, then mainly in the form of $2 and $5 bills, was replaced with $5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6662488", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nsince 1995 as part of ongoing anti-counterfeiting efforts, there are currently no plans to redesign the $1 or $2 bills. Since 1933, the one-dollar bill has been the exclusive experimental denomination among circulating US currency; however, an exception was made in August 1981 for several Richmond $10 notes produced on Natick test paper. The first experiment was conducted in January and February of that year to assess the effects of using different ratios of cotton to linen in the make-up of the bills. Series 1928A and 1928B $1 silver certificates with serial number block letters X-B and Y-B were used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105239", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nis available. Other sheet sizes available have been cut from the original 32-subject sheet. These include half (sixteen-note), quarter (eight-note), and eighth (four-note) sheets for $2 bills. Uncut sheets are sold for more than their respective face values. Uncut sheets of large size notes (issued before 1928) also exist, but are extremely rare. United States two-dollar bill The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The portrait of the third President of the United States (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting \"\"Declaration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105230", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nFirst-day issues of the new $2 bills could be taken to a post office and stamped with the date \"\"APR 13 1976\"\". In all, 590,720,000 notes from Series 1976 were printed. Currently, stamped series 1976 $2 bills typically trade for about twice their face value. If the bills were stamped in a city with an unusual name, the value may be slightly higher. However, no first-day-issued 1976 $2 bills with stamps are especially rare or valuable. Despite their age, crisp, uncirculated series 1976 $2 bills are not uncommon and are not particularly valuable. More than half a \"\"billion\"\" of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239026", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nside of the obverse. Although this note is technically a United States Note, appeared on it instead of . The reverse was completely redesigned. This series was again revised in 1874; changes on the obverse included removing the green tinting, adding a red floral design around , and changing the term to . The 1874 design was also issued as Series of 1875 and 1878, and by 1880, the red floral design around on the United States Note was removed and the serial numbers were changed to blue. This note with the red floral design was also issued as Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239027", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nof 1917 but with red serial numbers by that time. National Bank Notes were issued in 1875 and feature a woman unfurling a flag and a big 2 (Lazy Duce) on the obverse. The reverse has the king of England smoking tobacco and an eagle with a shield.In 1886, the first $2 silver certificate with a portrait of United States Civil War General Winfield Scott Hancock on the left of the obverse was issued. This design continued until 1891 when a new $2 Silver Certificate was issued with a portrait of U.S. Treasury Secretary William Windom in the center of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4790328", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Reserve Bank Note\"\na system essentially followed today on the $1 and $2 bills. This emergency issue of notes was prompted by the public hoarding of cash due to many bank failures happening at the time. This also limited the ability of the National Banks to issue notes of their own. Small size Federal Reserve Bank Notes were discontinued in 1934 and have been no longer available from banks since 1945. As small size notes, they have brown seals and serial numbers, as do National Bank Notes of the era. But while they look very similar, and both have the words, \"\"National Currency\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16271108", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of the United States dollar\"\nredeemable in gold, the only difference between them and Legal Tender Notes was that the first were liabilities of the Federal Reserve while the latter were direct liabilities of the United States Treasury Department. The $2 and $5 were issued through 1966, and the $2 note was only available as a United States Note. In 1966 the $5 United States Note was discontinued and the $2 denomination was discontinued altogether. In 1966 a $100 US note was issued to meet legal requirements about the amount of notes in circulation. In 1971 the production of US notes was halted and they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6778280", "chunk_text": "\"Obsolete denominations of United States currency\"\nObsolete denominations of United States currency The United States has produced several coins and banknotes of its dollar which no longer circulate or have been disused. Many of these were removed for specific reasons such as inflation reducing their value, a lack of demand, or being too similar to another denomination. The U.S. Dollar has numerous discontinued denominations, particularly high denomination bills, issued before and in 1934 in six denominations ranging from $500 to $100,000. Although still legal tender, most are in the hands of collectors and museums. The reverse designs featured abstract scroll-work with ornate denomination identifiers. With the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14373640", "chunk_text": "\"Two-cent piece (United States)\"\nsubsequently authorized, the three-cent piece and the nickel. It was abolished in 1873; large quantities were redeemed by the government and melted. Nevertheless, two-cent pieces remain inexpensive by the standards of 19th-century American coinage. A two-cent piece had been proposed in 1806 by Connecticut Senator Uriah Tracy, along with a twenty-cent piece or \"\"double dime\"\". Reflecting the then-prevalent view that coins should contain their value in metal, Tracy's bill provided that the two-cent piece be made of billon, or debased silver. The bill was opposed by Mint Director Robert Patterson, as it would be difficult to refine the silver from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524290", "chunk_text": "\"United States dollar\"\nBank Note. The Federal Reserve Note is the only type that remains in circulation since the 1970s. Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16625518", "chunk_text": "\"Counterfeit money\"\nto redesign the $5 bill using colors, but recently reversed its decision, after learning some counterfeiters were bleaching the ink off the bills and printing them as $100 bills. The new $10 bill (the design of which was revealed in late 2005) entered circulation on March 2, 2006. The $1 bill and $2 bill are seen by most counterfeiters as having too low a value to counterfeit, and so they have not been redesigned as frequently as higher denominations. In the 1980s counterfeiting in the Republic of Ireland twice resulted in sudden changes in official documents: in November 1984 the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "306229", "chunk_text": "\"Federal Reserve Note\"\n28, 2004; the new $10 bill on March 2, 2006; the new $5 bill on March 13, 2008; the new $100 bill on October 8, 2013. The one and two dollar bills still remain small portrait, unchanged, and not watermarked. All small-sized bills measure , with thickness of . Note: While the series 2009A was the first series of these $100 bills released for circulation, the first printing was series 2009 printed in 2010 and 2011. These were withheld from circulation due to issues with the printing process and none were released until 2016. Federal Reserve Note Federal Reserve Notes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239036", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\ndatabase of the American currency-tracking website Where's George?. Because $2 bills are uncommon in daily use, their use can make a particular group of spenders visible. A documented case of using two-dollar bills to send a message to a community is the case of Geneva Steel and the communities in the surrounding Utah County. In 1989, Geneva Steel paid its employee bonuses in $2 bills. When the bills began to appear in different places, people recognized the importance of the company to the local economy. Use of the two-dollar bill is also being suggested by some gun rights activists to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12689759", "chunk_text": "\"Two-cent billon\"\nTwo-cent billon The two-cent billon was a pattern US coin struck in 1836 and initially proposed as part of the Act of January 13, 1837. Versions exist with either a reeded edge and coin orientation or a plain edge and medal orientation; however, those with the former tend to be original strikes, whereas the latter are always proof restrikes (most from the 1850s). A two-cent piece had been proposed as early as 1806 by Connecticut Senator Uriah Tracy, along with a twenty-cent piece or \"\"double dime\"\". Reflecting the then-prevalent view that coins should contain their value in metal, Tracy's bill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7795586", "chunk_text": "\"Two-cent piece (United States)\"\ngovernment is bound to purchase from a supplier because he has spent money in anticipation of sales. The legislation passed the House, and the Coinage Act of 1864 was signed by President Abraham Lincoln on April 22, 1864. The legislation made base metal coins legal tender for the first time: both cents and two-cent pieces were acceptable in quantities of up to ten. The government would not, however, redeem them in bulk. The act also outlawed the private one- and two-cent tokens, and later that year Congress abolished all such issues. The legislation did not allow for the redemption of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2929023", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nBEP began printing the motto on notes printed with the new 32 note press, but soon Series of 1935G bills printed on a 18 note press featured the motto. The final production of $1 Silver Certificates occurred in late 1963. In 1964, the redemption of Silver Certificates for silver coin ended and in 1968 the redemption of Silver Certificates for silver bullion ended. Production of one-dollar Federal Reserve Notes was undertaken in late 1963 to replace the soon-to-be obsolete $1 Silver Certificate. The design on the reverse remained the same, but the border design on the obverse underwent considerable modification,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10644478", "chunk_text": "\"Obsolete denominations of United States currency\"\nexception of the $100,000 bill, these bills ceased production in the 1940s, and were recalled in 1969. Of these, the $100,000 was printed only as a Series 1934 gold certificate and was only used for internal government transactions. The United States also issued fractional currency for a brief time in the 1860s and 1870s, in several denominations each less than a dollar. Additionally, various state banks printed and issued $3 bills before the currency was unified. Three-dollar bills may be seen at the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC, as issued by the Bank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105237", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nprevented from eating lunch that day for attempting to use a $2 bill to pay for chicken nuggets in the school cafeteria. Uncut currency sheets are available from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Some of the recent $2 uncut sheets from Series 1995 and Series 2003 have been collectibles as they come from special non-circulation printings. Most of the Series 1995 $2 uncut sheets had a higher suffix letter in the serial number than regular circulation $2 bills. Uncut $2 sheets from Series 2003 were printed for the Boston (A), New York (B), Atlanta (F), Chicago (G), Minneapolis (I),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239024", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nusing computer printers. However, these bills are not authorized by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and are not worth anything more than face value on the collectors' market. Certain conventions and tourism/convention bureaus capitalize on the scarcity of $2 bills in circulation, encouraging convention attendees and tourists to spend $2 bills in order to illustrate to the host communities the economic impact that the conventions and tourism bring. Sometimes known as \"\"SpendTom\"\" campaigns, the $2 bills linger in the community as a constant reminder. Some campaigns encourage people to participate in a hunt for the bills in order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6662479", "chunk_text": "\"United States one-dollar bill\"\nUnited States one-dollar bill The United States one-dollar bill ($1) is a denomination of United States currency. An image of the first U.S. President (1789–97), George Washington, based on a painting by Gilbert Stuart, is currently featured on the obverse (front), and the Great Seal of the United States is featured on the reverse (back). The one-dollar bill has the oldest overall design of all U.S. currency currently being produced (The current two-dollar bill obverse design dates from 1928, while the reverse appeared in 1976). The obverse design of the dollar bill seen today debuted in 1963 (the reverse in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4808256", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States dollar\"\n(156 mm) long, and 0.0043 inches (0.109 mm) thick. A single bill weighs about fifteen and a half grains (one gram) and costs approximately 4.2 cents for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to produce. Microprinting and security threads were introduced in the 1991 currency series. Another series started in 1996 with the $100 note, adding the following changes: Annual releases of the 1996 series followed. The $50 note June 12, 1997, introduced a large dark numeral with a light background on the back of the note to make it easier for people to identify the denomination. The $20 note", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16271107", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of the United States dollar\"\nLegal Tender Notes, succeeded Demand Notes as the main currency form of the United States. They were not redeemable but were receivable for all taxes and debts, which is what persuaded people to circulate them. They had a red seal and were originally issued in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500 and $1,000. $5,000 and $10,000 notes were issued in 1878 and have not been issued anytime after. United States Notes switched to small size in 1928 and were introduced in denominations of only $1, $2 and $5. In 1934, when Federal Reserve Notes stopped being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6105238", "chunk_text": "\"United States two-dollar bill\"\nand Dallas (K) Federal Reserve districts despite the fact that notes from the Minneapolis district were the only ones released for circulation. Uncut sheets of Series 2003A have also been produced, although in this case circulating currency for all districts has also been made. All two-dollar bills beginning with Series 1995 have been printed in the BEP facility in Fort Worth, Texas, (indicated by \"\"FW\"\" preceding the face plate number on the obverse of the note). Uncut sheets of $2 bills are available in various sizes. A 32-subject sheet, which is the original-size sheet on which the notes are printed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6778282", "chunk_text": "\"Obsolete denominations of United States currency\"\nof the Union (Washington, DC), Merchants Bank of Jackson County (Brooklyn), The City and Whitewater Canal Co., and Western Exchange Fire and Marine Co. (Omaha City). There have been numerous coins throughout the United States dollar's history that no longer circulate. Some, like the half-cent coin were removed due to inflation reducing their value while others such as the two-cent piece were removed due to a lack of demand. Note that this table shows the latest status before the coin denomination was rendered obsolete. Obsolete denominations of United States currency The United States has produced several coins and banknotes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "306249", "chunk_text": "\"United States Note\"\nFederal Reserve Notes and, eventually, $2 Federal Reserve Notes as well. United States Notes became rare in hand-to-hand commerce and the Treasury converted most of the outstanding balance into $100 United States Notes which spent most of their time in bank vaults. No more United States Notes were printed after 1966 and distribution into public circulation ended January 21, 1971. In September 1994 the Riegle Improvement Act released the Treasury from its long-standing obligation to keep the notes in circulation and finally, during 1996, the Treasury announced that its stock of $100 United States Notes had been destroyed. Both United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9552656", "chunk_text": "\"Withdrawn Canadian banknotes\"\nHill from across the Ottawa River, with log driving activities taking place on the water. Printing of the $2 note ceased on February 18, 1996, with initial release of the toonie, a coin that replaced it. These notes are virtually never seen in circulation today. The most recent banknote series that included the two-dollar note was the Birds of Canada series in 1986, in which this note was a terra cotta colour. The face featured a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II; the back featured a meadow scene with two robins. Prior to the withdrawal of the $1 note, the $2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.